OPR OPR Annual Report 2006 Office of Population Research Princeton University Office of Population Research Princeton University

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OPR Office of Population Research Princeton University

Annual Report 2006

Table of Contents From the Director ...... 2 In Memoriam ...... 4 OPR Staff and Students ...... 5 Center for Research on Child Wellbeing...... 10 Center for Health and Wellbeing ...... 12 Center for Migration and Development ...... 14 OPR Financial Support...... 16 OPR Library ...... 18 OPR Seminars ...... 20 OPR Research...... 21 Children and Families ...... 21 Data and Methods ...... 24 Health and Wellbeing ...... 25 Migration and Urbanization ...... 37 Social Inequality ...... 39 OPR Professional Activities ...... 48 2006 Publications ...... 57 Working Papers ...... 57 Publications and Papers...... 59 Training in Demography at Princeton ...... 77 Ph.D. Program ...... 77 Departmental Degree in Specialization in Population...... 77 Joint-Degree Program ...... 77 Certificate in Demography ...... 78 Training Resources ...... 78 Courses ...... 79 Recent Graduates ...... 85 Graduate Students...... 86 Alumni Directory ...... 91

Princeton University 1 F ROM THE D IRECTOR

I am delighted to use this space to feature three of our HiTOPS, a local adolescent reproductive health clinic. junior faculty associated who were just promoted to She currently serves on the Lamaze International associate professor with continuing tenure. We are Certification Council and has also done work with extremely proud of Elizabeth Armstrong, Scott Lynch, National Advocates for Pregnant Women, the Coalition and Devah Pager. for Improving Maternity Services, and Physicians for Reproductive Choice and Health. The frequent requests Elizabeth Armstrong has a very ambitious and expansive she receives from groups to consult with them or to assist research agenda. She manages to span a wide range of with amici curiae briefs or efforts to combat unfavorable methodologies as well as substantive areas of interest in legislation attest to the policy relevance of her work to her work, which is positioned at the intersection of those in the field. sociology and public health and policy issues. Her first book on drinking during pregnancy and fetal alcohol Scott Lynch’s research interests are both substantive syndrome changed our understanding of the problem. and methodological. Much of his current substantive Her work on risk and decision-making during pregnancy research focuses on the health consequences of is particularly exciting; she will continue to make major socioeconomic and racial inequality, with a particular contributions to the framing of risks and choices in focus on how such inequality translates into health reproductive health care. She brings to that work a deep inequalities across the life course of individuals and understanding of the culture and social context in across time for society as a whole. His work on which women and doctors make choices about prenatal socioeconomic inequalities in health has shown that the testing, mode of delivery, etc. Armstrong’s work goes association between education and health is not static beyond a quantitative assessment of risk to understand across time, and that ignoring the temporal dynamics the significant (if often unacknowledged) role of values, of the relationship produces misleading results. His norms and culture in shaping clinical decision-making. research interest in racial inequalities in health is Her project on agenda setting around disease demon- relatively new and is currently funded by a grant from strates how interdisciplinary her work can be; political NICHD. He is currently investigating (1) whether scientists, sociologists, and health policy analysts all find race-based health inequalities have decreased over the real substantive theoretical and empirical contributions last 30 years, (2) whether socioeconomic status-based in the project. She has a good eye for research questions health inequalities have decreased over the same period, that are not only interesting theoretically, but that have and (3) whether an increasing or decreasing proportion real policy significance. Armstrong has had a solid track of the racial gap in health is explained by remaining record in winning external support for her research, socioeconomic inequalities between blacks and whites. including a collaborative grant from the National Preliminary results indicate that race-based health Science Foundation and a prestigious Investigator in inequalities have, in fact, decreased over the last Health Policy Research award from the Robert Wood 30 years, while socioeconomic status-based health Johnson Foundation. In addition to her research and inequalities—by some measures—have increased. teaching and University citizenship, she manages to find At the same time, an increasing proportion of the time to bring her expertise to bear outside of academia. remaining black-white gap in health is attributable to For three years, she served on the board of directors of non-economic factors. Lynch’s current methodological

2 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

interests are in Bayesian statistics and estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation methods generally, and, more specifically, in the application of these methods to demographic multistate life table estimation. Over the past several years, Lynch has developed methods (and software) for both panel and cross-sectional data that address two key limitations to traditional multistate life table generation methods: the difficulty with including covariates in estimating life tables for subpopulations, and the inability to produce interval estimates of multistate quantities when sample data are used. Regarding his broader methodological interest in Bayesian statistics, Lynch has recently finished a book entitled Introduction to Bayesian Statistics and

Estimation for Social Scientists to be published in July by and the American Sociological Review, Pager’s book, Springer. Overall, Lynch has published more than two MARKED: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of dozen papers in the top journals in his fields in these Mass Incarceration, was just published by the University and related areas, including Demography, Sociological of Chicago Press. Pager’s ambitious research agenda has Methodology, Sociological Methods & Research, the been supported by grants from the National Science Journal of Health and Social Behavior, the Journals of Foundation and the National Institute of Justice. She Gerontology, and Social Forces. Additionally, he has given has recently been honored with several early career more than 50 invited lectures—including statistical awards, including the NIH Mentored Research Scientist seminars—and professional presentations in these Award (K01), the NSF CAREER Award, and the general areas since arriving at Princeton in 2001. William T. Grant Scholar’s Award. With this support, Devah Pager’s research program focuses on racial Pager plans to extend her work on racial discrimination inequality, with an emphasis on the institutions and inequality by drawing together insights and methods affecting racial stratification, including schools, labor developed in psychology, political science, and economics markets, and the criminal justice system. In her work to form a better understanding of the mechanisms she has sought to develop and deploy a range of underlying racial bias and discrimination, and to methods to examine of patterns of racial inequality, examine public attitudes relevant to a range of policy with the goal of better understanding the varied social responses. In addition to her academic work, Pager is and structural forces that reinforce and maintain deeply committed to public outreach. She is a member persistent racial disparities. Pager’s current research of the Advisory Board for the Prisoner Reentry Institute has involved a series of field experiments studying at the John Jay School of Criminal Justice and also a discrimination against minorities and ex-offenders in member of the Advisory Board for the National the low-wage labor market. In addition to several H.I.R.E. Network (a subsidiary of the Legal Action articles published in the American Journal of Sociology Center). She has provided expert counsel for the New

Princeton University 3 York City Council’s Civil Rights Committee, the Equal Director. After an extensive search, we hired Nancy as Employment Opportunity Commission, and the New Associate Director in January 2007. Her former position as York Attorney General Office of Civil Rights. Her work Grants Manager has now been filled by Robin Pispecky, has been reported in the New York Times, the Wall Street who comes to us from the Department of Geosciences. Journal, and numerous other media outlets. We are in very good shape again administratively, though still mourning the loss of our dear colleague. This past year was also a very difficult year for OPR because we lost a dear friend and extraordinary colleague, Barbara Sutton, our Associate Director. Barbara was diagnosed with cancer in mid-September and died a short six weeks later. A memorial service was held in the University Chapel, and several hundred of her friends James Trussell, Director and co-workers and family attended. Under these terrible circumstances, we were fortunate to have Nancy Office of Population Research Cannuli, who worked very closely with Barbara as our Princeton University Grants Manager, to step up to serve as Acting Associate

I N M EMORIAM

Barbara L. Sutton August 24, 1954 – November 1, 2006 the ever-changing Barbara Sutton was my close colleague and friend for University rules. Having 18 years, ever since she came to the Office of someone with such great Population Research as the financial administrator in talents in that position 1988. I worked especially closely with her in the was more than we could Dean’s office in the Woodrow Wilson School, and reasonably expect. But when I came back to OPR as director in 2002 I with Barbara we got even knew that I wanted Barbara to come with me. In more. Not only did recognition of her personnel and financial management everyone—faculty, students, and the staff she skills, Barbara became the first non-faculty associate supervised—respect Barbara, we all really liked her. director of OPR. Creating that position for her was Commanding respect while at the same time being the best personnel decision that I ever made. Barbara truly liked is something few can manage. Barbara did was simply an extraordinary manager. She had a keen so with great grace. Her untimely death was a tragic eye for details while always seeing the bigger picture. loss, both to OPR and to me. I loved Barbara Sutton She was adored by all OPR faculty associates for her fiercely and miss her terribly. amazing grants management skills and her ability to – James Trussell accomplish the impossible while somehow sticking to

4 Office of Population Research January – December 2006 OPR STAFF AND S TUDENTS

Director Patricia Fernández-Kelly, Lecturer in Sociology. Ph.D., James Trussell, Professor of Economics and Public Sociology, Rutgers University, 1981. Interests: Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, 1975. international economic development, industrial Interests: reproductive health, fertility, contraceptive restructuring, gender/class/ethnicity, migration/global technology, AIDS, mortality, demographic methods. economy, women/ethnic minorities in the labor force. Director of Graduate Studies Joshua Goldstein, Associate Professor of Sociology Noreen Goldman, Professor of Demography and Public and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Demography, University of Affairs. D.Sc., Population Studies, Harvard University, California, Berkeley, 1996. Interests: social demography, 1977. Interests: quantitative analysis, health and family demography, methodology, historical demography, mortality, survey design, mathematical demography. race and ethnicity. Faculty Associates Jean Grossman, Lecturer in Economics and Public Jeanne Altmann, Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Biology. Ph.D., Behavioral Sciences, University of Technology, 1980. Interests: youth policy, program and Chicago, 1979. Interests: non-experimental research policy evaluation, poverty. design and analysis, ecology and evolution of family Alan Krueger, Professor of Economics and Public relationships and of behavioral development; primate Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Harvard University, 1987. demography and life histories, parent-offspring Interests: labor economics, industrial relations, social relationships; infancy and the ontogeny of behavior insurance. and social relationships, conservation education and behavioral aspects of conservation. Adriana Lleras-Muney, Assistant Professor of Economics and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Elizabeth Armstrong, Associate Professor of Sociology Columbia University, 2001. Interests: children’s and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Sociology and Demography, education, child labor laws, population health issues. University of Pennsylvania, 1998. M.P.A. Princeton University, 1993. Interests: sociology of medicine, Scott Lynch, Associate Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., history of medicine and public health, biomedical Sociology, Duke University, 2001. Interests: social ethics, population health, sociology of pregnancy. epidemiology, quantitative methodology, demography and sociology of aging. Anne Case, Professor of Economics and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, 1988. Douglas Massey, Professor of Sociology and Public Interests: public finance, development economics, Affairs. Ph.D., Sociology, Princeton University, 1978. economics of the family. Interests: demography, urban sociology, race and ethnicity, international migration, Latin American Angus Deaton, Professor of Economics and society, particularly Mexico. International Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Cambridge University, 1974. Interests: microeconomic analysis, Sara McLanahan, Professor of Sociology and Public applied econometrics, economic development. Affairs. Director, Bendheim-Thoman Center for Research on Child Wellbeing. Ph.D., Sociology, Elisabeth Donahue, Lecturer of Public and University of Texas, Austin, 1979. Interests: family International Affairs. J.D., Georgetown University demography, intergenerational relationships, poverty. Law Center, 1993. Interests: poverty, social policy financing and children’s policy. Associate Editor of Katherine Newman, Professor of Sociology and Public The Future of Children journal. Affairs. Ph.D., Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, 1979. Interests: social stratification, urban Thomas Espenshade, Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., poverty, and urban life. Economics, Princeton University, 1972. Interests: highly skilled U.S. immigrants, immigrant incorporation, fiscal Devah Pager, Associate Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., impacts of immigration, minority higher education, Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 2002. inter-group relations on college campuses. Interests: employment discrimination, racial inequality, social stratification, prisoner reentry. Princeton University 5 OPR STAFF AND S TUDENTS

Christina Paxson, Professor of Economics and Public Postdoctoral Fellows Affairs. Director, Center for Health and Wellbeing. Amy Love Collins, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Economics, Columbia University, 1987. Interests: Ph.D., Developmental Psychology, Boston College, economic development, applied microeconomics. 2006. Interests: aging, health, wellbeing.

Alejandro Portes, Professor of Sociology. Director, Carey Cooper, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Center for Migration and Development. Ph.D., Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1970. 2006. Interests: child wellbeing, poverty, family Interests: immigration, economic sociology, comparative structure, parenting, and education. development, Third World urbanization. Kalena Cortes, Visiting Research Fellow. Ph.D., Germán Rodríguez, Senior Research Demographer. Economics, University of California-Berkeley, 2002. Ph.D., Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Interests: labor economics and the economics of 1975. Interests: statistical demography, fertility surveys, education, immigration, income inequality and health. survival analysis, multilevel models, demographic and statistical computing, design and deployment of Michelle DeKlyen, Research Staff. Ph.D., Child databases on the web. Clinical Psychology, University of Washington, 1992. Interests: child development, early child behavior Lee Silver, Professor of Molecular Biology and Public disorders, child learning disabilities. Affairs. Ph.D., Biophysics, Harvard University, 1978. Interests: policy issues and social implications of new Gniesha Dinwiddie, Postdoctoral Research Associate. genetic and reproductive technologies, bioethics, Ph.D., Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 2006. genetic testing, cloning, genetic engineering, egg Interests: race and ethnicity, sociology of medicine, and sperm vending. sociology of education, social psychology.

Burton Singer, Professor of Demography and Public Thurston Domina, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Affairs. Ph.D., Statistics, Stanford University, 1967. Ph.D. Sociology, Graduate School and University Interests: epidemiology of tropical diseases, demography Center, City University of New York, 2006. Interests: and economics of aging, health, and social consequences inequality and the expansion of higher education, of economic development, the interrelationships social geography, sociology of education. between genetics and historical demography. Joanna Kempner, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Marta Tienda, Professor of Sociology and Public Ph.D., Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 2004. Affairs. Ph.D., Sociology, The University of Texas, Interests: sociology of medicine, health policy, gender, Austin, 1977. Interests: population and development, science, bioethics, and qualitative methods. youth employment and labor market dynamics, race Gretchen Livingston, Visiting Research Fellow. Ph.D., and ethnic stratification, access to higher education. Sociology and Demography, University of Pennsylvania, Bruce Western, Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., 2003. Interests: economic inequality and stratification, Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, demography, gender, immigrant adaptation, social 1993. Interests: labor markets, stratification, networks, aging and the life course. demographic methods. Sarah Meadows, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Charles F. Westoff, Senior Research Demographer. Ph.D., Sociology, Duke University, 2005. Interests: Ph.D., Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 1953. mental health, stress and coping, adolescent health and Interests: population policy, comparative fertility in wellbeing, marriage and health, life course, gender, developing countries, fertility surveys. criminology and juvenile delinquency. Margarita Mooney, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Sociology, Princeton University, 2004. Interests: international migration, development, religion, culture, and higher education.

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Caroline Moreau, Postdoctoral Research Fellow. Ph.D., Barbara Heyns, Visiting Research Scholar. Ph.D., Public Health (Epidemiology), University of Paris, Sociology, University of Chicago, 1971. Interests: 2005. Interests: contraceptive effectiveness, abortion, education and social policy, organization and delivery emergency contraception. of professional services for children.

Sunny Niu, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., John Hobcraft, Visiting Research Scholar. (Joint Economics of Education, Stanford University, 2002. CRCW and CHW). B.Sc., Economics, London School Interests: issues in education, research design, employment, of Economics and Political Science, 1966. Interests: Sigal Alon and income distribution and occupational choice. comparative analysis, comparative health policy, consequences, demographic analysis, determinants, Stephanie Smith-Simone, Postdoctoral Research dynamics, family, fertility, household change, Associate. Ph.D., Health Policy and Management-Social mortality, population, survey analysis. and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2005. Interests: qualitative and Catherine Kenney, Visiting Fellow. Ph.D., Public quantitative methods for risk assessment, health behavior Affairs, Princeton University, 2002. Interests: women and communication theory. and public policy, domestic violence, household economies, and family studies. Elana Broch Kimberly Torres, Postdoctoral Research Associate. Ph.D., Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 2006. Kathleen Kiernan, Visiting Research Scholar. (Joint Interests: race and ethnicity, education, inequality. CRCW and CHW). Ph.D., University of London, 1987. Interests: childbearing and cohabitation outside Lisa Wynn, Associate Research Scholar. Ph.D., marriage, children, divorce, family change, long-term Anthropology, Princeton University, 2003. Interests: outcomes, parenthood, teenage motherhood, transition. emergency contraception in the Middle East, gender, nationalism and identity. Pamela Klebanov, Visiting Research Collaborator. Ph.D., Social Psychology, Princeton University, 1989. Nancy Cannuli Visiting Scholars Interests: child development, poverty, parenting. Alicia Adsera, Visiting Associate Professor of Public Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Boston University, 1996. Clemens Kroneberg, Visiting Student Research Interests: fertility and household formation, migration Collaborator. M.A., Social Sciences, University of and international political economy. Mannheim, Germany, 2004. Interests: adaptation of immigrants, theory of action, rational choice theory, Sigal Alon, Visiting Research Staff. Ph.D., Sociology, social science methodology, quantitative methods. Tel-Aviv University, 1998. Interests: stratification, mobility, work and labor markets, education. Mary Clare Lennon, Visiting Research Collaborator. Kalena Cortez Ph.D., Sociology, Columbia University. Interests: Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Visiting Research Collaborator. relation of gender to physical and mental health, Ph.D., Human Learning and Development, University family and the workplace, wellbeing of low-income of Pennsylvania, 1975. Interests: child development, women and children. child wellbeing, parenting, education, poverty. Ceri Peach, Visiting Fellow. Ph.D., Geography, Merton Marcia Carlson, Visiting Fellow. Ph.D., Sociology, College, Oxford University, 1964. Interests: migration, University of Michigan, 1999. Interests: family ethnic and religious segregation in cities, immigration, structure, parenting, father involvement, child ethnicity. Joann wellbeing, poverty and inequality, welfare policy. Donatiello Nancy Reichman, Visiting Research Collaborator. Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar, Visiting Research Ph.D., Economics, City University of New York, Collaborator. Ph.D., Statistics, Pennsylvania State 1993. Interests: health economics, poverty, University. Interests: statistical methods, missing data, immigration, and infant health. measurement error, inter-disciplinary applications (health, population, and education).

Bonnie Gosh-Dastidar

Princeton University 7 OPR Staff and Students

Magaly Sanchez, Visiting Scholar. Ph.D., Sociology, Students École des Hautes Études in Sciences Sociales, University Rina Agarwala, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall of Paris. Interests: transnational identities, first and 2000. B.A., Economics & Government, Cornell second generation Latino migrant youths, urban University, 1995. MPP., Political & Economic violence, social exclusion, inequalities and poverty, Development, Harvard University, 1998. Interests: youth gangs, barrios in Latin America. labor force in developing countries, informal vs. formal sector labor, rural and urban labor, labor policies, Ayumi Takenaka, Visiting Fellow. Ph.D., Sociology, gender, autonomy, and India. Columbia University, 2000. Interests: migration, ethnicity, social mobility, transnationalism. Sofya Aptekar, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall Administrative Staff 2004.B.A., Sociology, Yale University, 2001. Interests: culture, race, immigration, native-language retention, Melanie Adams, Academic Assistant and cultural supplemental education. Nancy Cannuli, Financial Administrator Mary Lou Delaney, Program Assistant Deirdre Bloome, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall Kris Emerson, Program Manager, CRCW 2006. BA., Sociology and Comparative Literature, Regina Leidy, Program Assistant, CRCW Brown University, 2004. Interests: inequality, mobility, Joyce Lopuh, Purchasing and Accounts Administrator poverty, wellbeing, mathematical demography. Kristen Matlofsky Academic Assistant Judie Miller, Academic Assistant Pratikshya Bohra, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Diana Sacké, Academic Assistant Fall 2006.BA., Economics and Mathematics, Union Barbara Sutton, Associate Director College, 2003. Interests: poverty, migration, labor Judith Tilton, Graduate Program Administrator markets, resource allocation. Computing Staff Sharon Bzostek, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall Wayne Appleton, System Administrator, 2004. B.A., Sociology and Policy Studies, Rice University, UNIX Systems Manager 2001. Interests: children and families, inequality in health Chang Y. Chung, Programmer care and health status, poverty, race and ethnicity Jennifer Curatola, Assistant System Administrator Stacie Carr, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall Dawn Koffman, Programmer 2006. MPA., New York University, 2006. BA., Thu Vu, Programmer Women’s Studies, UC Berkeley, 1994. Interests: Library Staff health, inequality, modeling. Elana Broch, Assistant Population Research Librarian Rebecca Casciano, Department of Sociology. Entered Joann Donatiello, Population Research Librarian Fall 2003. M.P.A., Maxwell School, Syracuse University, Michiko Nakayama, Library Assistant 2003. B.A., Psychology, The College of New Jersey, 2001. Nancy Pressman-Levy, Librarian, Donald E. Interests: poverty, welfare, culture, marriage, religion, Stokes Library ethics and politics, sociology, and demography. Research/Technical Staff Nicholas Ehrmann, Department of Sociology. Entered Kevin Bradway, Research Specialist, CRCW Fall 2003. B.A., American Studies, Northwestern University, Meridel Bulle, Research Specialist, CRCW 2000. Interests: economic inequality, schooling patterns, Monica Higgins, Research Specialist immigration, poverty issues, and family dynamics. Jean Knab, Data Manager, CRCW Jennifer Martin, Project Manager Elizabeth A Gummerson, Woodrow Wilson School. Karen Pren, Project Manager, MMP/LAMP Entered Fall 2006.MPA., Health and Health Policy, Magaly Sanchez, Senior Field Coordinator, LAMP Princeton University, 2006.BA., Anthropology, Donnell Butler, Project Director University of Pennsylvania, 1997. Interests: poverty, health policy, wellbeing, inequality.

Conrad Hackett, Department of Sociology. Entered 2001. B.A., Seattle Pacific University. M.A., Princeton Theological Seminary. Interests: how individuals and institutions are responding to, and being shaped by, 8 Office of Population Research religious pluralism in America. Annual Report 2006

Valerie Lewis, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall Rania Salem, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2005.B.A., Sociology, Rice University, 2004. Interests: 2005.M.S.C., Sociology, Oxford University, 2004.B.A., racial inequality, urban sociology, poverty, and development. Politics, American University in Cairo, 2001. Interests: social inequality, gender, marriage and the family, Tin-chi Lin, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall migration. 2006. MS., Applied Mathematics, Taiwan University, 2004. BS., Mathematics, Taiwan University, 2001. Daniel Schneider, Department of Sociology. Entered Interests: mortality, fertility, health, modeling. Fall 2006. BA., Politics and Public Policy, Brown University, 2003. Interests: poverty, inequality, social Monica Higgins Emily Marshall, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall demography, social networks, institutions and social capital. 2005. BA., Russian Studies, Pomona College, 2000. Interests: economic modeling, education, family Kimberly Smith, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered networking, stratification. Fall 2004. B.A., Economics, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, 1992.M.P.A., Public Affairs, Princeton Emily Moiduddin, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered University, 2000. Interests: health policy and Fall 2003. M.P.P., Harris School, University of Chicago, economics, reproductive health and family planning, 2001.B.A., Psychology, New York University, 1999. and policy and program evaluation. Catherine Interests: poverty, children, and the family. Kenney Samir Soneji, Program in Population Studies. Entered Petra Nahmias, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall Fall 2004. B.S., Mathematics, University of Chicago, 2004. B.A., Environmental Science, Hebrew University, 1998.M.A., Statistics, Columbia University, 2000. 1997.M.A., Demography, Hebrew University, 2001. Interests: migration, urban poverty, and spatial statistics. Interests: fertility, reproductive health, religion and fertility, and immigration. LaTonya Trotter, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2006. MPH., Health and Health Policy, University Analia Olgiati, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall of Washington, 2006.BA., Sociology, Williams Judie Miller 2006. BA., Economics, San Andres University, 2002. College, 1998. Interests: immigration, inequality, Interests: household economics, migration, survey health, stratification. design, and mathematical demography. Scott Washington, Department of Sociology. Entered Kevin O’Neil, Woodrow Wilson School. Entered Fall Fall 2000. B.A., Sociology and Philosophy, University 2005. B.A., Economics, Swarthmore College, 2001. of California, Berkeley, 2000. Interests: social Interests: urbanization, migration and development classification; race and ethnicity; state formation and policy, economic sociology. state information; science; culture; epistemology; education; stratification; law; violence; extreme systems Kristen Christine Percheski, Department of Sociology. Entered Matlofsky Fall 2003. B.A., Sociology, Dartmouth University, 2001. of social control, confinement, and supervision; urban Interests: sociology of the family, the life course, marginality and the social uses, arrangement, and occupations and work, social inequalities, and social policy. configuration of space; politics; historiography; social psychology; the body; and classical and contemporary David Potere, Program in Population Studies. Entered social and sociological theory. Fall 2005.M.A., Environmental Remote Sensing and GIS, Boston University, 2005.B.A., American History, Christopher Wildeman, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2003. B.A., Philosophy, Sociology, and Harvard College, 1998. Interests: application of remote Michi sensing to population and environmental issues, GIS, Spanish, Dickinson College, 2002. Interests: crime and Nakayama health and development in developing countries. punishment, religion, medicine, and life course analysis.

Jake Rosenfeld, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall Anna Zajacova, Department of Sociology. Entered Fall 2001. B.A., Sociology, Haverford College, 2000. 2000. B.A., Psychology, Hunter College. Interests: Interests: work and occupations, political sociology, social epidemiology, statistical methods. criminology, and stratification.

Alejandro Rivas, Jr., Department of Sociology. Entered Robin Pispecky Fall 2006. MA., Sociology, Stanford University, 2006. BA., Health and Health Policy, Stanford University, 2006. Interests: immigration, poverty, inequality, assimilation. Princeton University 9 C ENTER FOR R ESEARCH ON C HILD W ELLBEING

The Bendheim-Thoman Center for Research on Child and Visiting Research Collaborators, including Jeanne Wellbeing (CRCW) was established in 1996 to promote Brooks-Gunn (Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor basic research on a broad range of children’s issues of Child Development and Education at Teachers’ including child wellbeing, education, health, income College-Columbia University, and Director of the security, and family/community resources. The CRCW, National Center for Children and Families) Barbara directed by Sara McLanahan, Professor of Sociology and Heyns (Professor, New York University) John Hobcraft Public Affairs, is affiliated with the Office of Population (Anniversary Professor of Sociology and Demography, Research and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public University of York, England) Catherine Kenney and International Affairs at Princeton University. (Assistant Professor of Sociology and Gender & CRCW faculty and research associates are drawn Women’s Studies, University of Illinois-Urbana), from Princeton’s departments of economics, politics, Kathleen Kiernan (Professor of Social Policy and and sociology, as well as from other universities Demography, University of York, England) Pamela and institutions. Klebanov (Research Scientist, Columbia University), Mary Clare Lennon (Associate Professor of Clinical Each year the CRCW supports a number of postdoctoral Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University), and fellows, as well as graduate and undergraduate students. Nancy Reichman (Professor, RWJ Medical Postdoctoral fellows at the Center this year included School/UMDNJ). Sarah Meadows (Sociology, Duke University), Carey Cooper (Educational Psychology, University of Texas- CRCW engages in numerous activities designed to Austin), and Stephanie Smith (Health Policy and inform policymakers, program directors, and advocates Management, Johns Hopkins University). During the about issues related to families and child wellbeing. past year, CRCW has also supported Visiting Fellows Written products include working papers, research briefs, policy briefs, and a journal published twice yearly. All products are available on the CRCW website and are distributed electronically and in print form to various advocacy groups, government officials, program administrators, individuals at non-profit organizations and foundations, and researchers at universities and think tanks. The CRCW sponsors a number of social science research projects, including the landmark Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWB) and the Future of Children project.

10 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Research The Future of Children Project The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study The David and Lucile Packard Foundation awarded ownership rights of The Future of Children to Princeton Directed by Sara McLanahan and Irv Garfinkel University and the Brookings Institution in 2003. (Columbia University), The Fragile Families and Child The Future of Children is the leading publication on Wellbeing Study (FFCWB) is a longitudinal birth cohort children’s policy in the United States. Sara McLanahan study that began in 1998. The study collected data is the editor-in-chief, and senior editors include from mothers, fathers, and children at the time of a Christina Paxson, director of the Center for Health child’s birth, and then one, three, and five years later. and Wellbeing; Cecilia Rouse, director of the WWS By including an oversample of births to unmarried Education Research Section; and Isabel Sawhill and parents, the study became a rich source of information Ron Haskins, both Senior Fellows at the Brookings about these growing but under-studied group of Institution. Elisabeth Donahue, a lecturer at the families. The study collected detailed data on parents’ Woodrow Wilson School, is the associate editor of relationships, economic circumstances, health, and the journal. The journal’s main objective is to provide health behaviors. The data collected by FFCWB will high-level research that is useful and accessible to allow researchers to test hypotheses about the effects policymakers, practitioners, students, and the media. of social norms, intergenerational influences, and Recent topics include the racial test gap, marriage and economic incentives (and negotiations) on family child wellbeing, childhood obesity, social mobility, and formation, father involvement, and the wellbeing teacher quality. Complementing the publication of each of parents and children. Public-use versions of the journal is a series of outreach programs, designed to baseline, one-year, and three-year follow-up FFCWB inform key stakeholders about the children’s policy issue data are available in the archive of the Office of covered in the volume. Outreach activities include a Population Research. In 2006, the study received a $17 practitioners’ conference, Congressional briefings, million dollar grant from NICHD to begin another press conferences, university lectures and courses, round of interviews in 2007. The Fragile Families in and stakeholders seminars. The journal’s website, Middle Childhood Study will re-interview families www.futureofchildren.org, allows visitors to access the when the children are nine years old. This new grant journals, policy briefs, video and audio web casts of funds the core interviews with parents, as well as the journal-related events—all free of charge. Funding detailed child assessments and teacher interviews for the journal is provided by a consortium of four (previously funded by separate studies.) The principal foundations and the Woodrow Wilson School. investigators of the Fragile Families in Middle For more information on the CRCW, please see Childhood Study are Sara McLanahan, Christina http://crcw.princeton.edu/. Paxson, Irv Garfinkel (Columbia University) and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn (Teachers’ College).

Princeton University 11 C ENTER FOR H EALTH AND W ELLBEING

The mission of the Center for Health and Wellbeing the Department of Labor Statistics, will contribute to (CHW) is to foster research and teaching on health, the development of an experimental system of National wellbeing, and health policy. Since its inception, Well-being Accounts CHW has focused on two closely-related goals: to South Africa: Poverty, Inequality and Health bring together and build up an active interdisciplinary Integrated health and economic surveys are being community of researchers who work on health, conducted in South Africa to investigate the links wellbeing and health policy; and to develop a between health status and economic status. This work high-quality teaching program in health policy in the is being done in collaboration with researchers from Woodrow Wilson School’s graduate school. CHW the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton and the sponsors seminars, conferences, and research meetings, University of Witwatersrand. The survey instruments runs a visiting fellows program, and sponsors the collect data on a range of traditional and non-traditional Woodrow Wilson School’s graduate Certificate in measures of wellbeing, including income and consumption, Health and Health Policy (HHP). CHW currently measures of health status (including mental health), has 24 faculty associates drawn from the fields of morbidity, crime, social connectedness, intrahousehold anthropology, demography, epidemiology, economics, relationships, and direct hedonic measures of wellbeing. history, molecular biology, neuroscience, politics, psychology and sociology. The associates are involved Udaipur Health Survey in a wide range of research projects on health, Members of around 1,000 households in 100 villages wellbeing, and public policy. in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan were surveyed and Research asked about their economic activities, physical and Demography of Aging Center mental health status, and experiences with healthcare. Complementary surveys collected information about Funded by the National Institute of Aging, the village infrastructure and about the clinics and medical Demography of Aging Center fosters new research on personnel that people use, including traditional healers. the interrelationships between socioeconomic status The study aims to improve our understanding of the and health as people age; examines the determinants of determinants of health, as well as the relationships decision-making and wellbeing among the elderly; and between health and economic status, and how they explores the determinants and policy consequences of work together to determine wellbeing. increased longevity and population aging across and within countries over time. An area of special emphasis College Education and Health is research on how HIV/AIDS is affecting the health This study of the impact of education on health and living conditions of the elderly. outcomes and behaviors among young adults has added Center for Research on a health component to an assessment of a new and Experience and Wellbeing unique education intervention, the Opening Doors experiment. Done in collaboration with the Manpower The overall objectives of the Center for Research on Demonstration Research Corporation (MDRC), Experience and Well Being (CREW), a National Opening Doors provided 4,400 economically Institute of Aging Roybal Center, are to (1) develop disadvantaged young adults in a set of community new methods for the measurement of wellbeing and colleges across the country with extra financial health, and (2) use these measures to better understand assistance, mentoring, and curricular enhancements, and document the experience of aging. The measures all aimed at increasing their levels of educational developed will be used to analyze how different life attainment. The study will assess how the intervention circumstances and situations contribute to the overall affects health and health behaviors in the short run; quality of life across the life cycle. The combination of how initial health affects progression through college; measurements of the affective experience of situations and whether the intervention ameliorates adverse effects and activities with measurements of the time spent by of initial health on educational attainment. the population in these activities, currently collected by

12 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Parental Resources and Child Wellbeing Teaching This project studies how parental resources affect One of CHW’s goals is to expand the Woodrow Wilson children’s wellbeing, as measured by children’s health School’s graduate-level teaching program in health and status and their cognitive, social, and emotional health policy. The major vehicle for doing this is the development. The first aim of this project is to examine Certificate in Health and Health Policy (HHP), which how three broadly defined aspects of parental resources— graduate students earn by completing four courses – economic status, family structure, and parental health two required courses and two electives – on health-related (both mental and physical)—are related to each other. topics. The HHP Certificate is directed by Elizabeth The second is to study how parental resources affect the Armstrong, a medical sociologist who is affiliated with quality of parenting (discipline, warmth, supervision, CHW and OPR. The HHP program sponsors a set of and cognitive stimulation) and material resources (e.g., courses open to graduate students, as well as brown bag home learning materials, food security, neighborhood lunches and career panels for students. safety, and access to medical care) that children receive. Finally, the researchers are examining how all of these Conferences and Seminars inputs, in turn, affect children’s outcomes. A specific CHW sponsors a research seminar series and a number case study is on the determinants of childhood obesity, of conferences each year. In 2006-07, it sponsored 21 a preventable child health outcome that is the precursor seminars, a colloquium on HIV/AIDS that was run by of adult obesity. the Princeton AIDS Initiative (part of CHW), and research conferences on height, health and living standards, Visiting Fellows and on allostatic load in humans and animals. The Center for Health and Wellbeing (CHW) hosts visiting researchers each year and also has a postdoctoral For more information about CHW, see fellows program. CHW supports researchers from http://www.wws.princeton.edu/~chw/. a variety of disciplines who work on the multiple aspects of health and wellbeing in both developed and developing countries. Visitors usually spend an academic year or a semester in residence at Princeton, during which time they conduct research and participate in conferences, seminars, and other CHW events. Visitors have the opportunity to teach in the Woodrow Wilson School. In collaboration with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, CHW runs a program for postdoctoral researchers and recent graduates of the Woodrow Wilson School. These CHW-RWJF fellows divide their time between RWJF and CHW and work on research, policy analysis, and policy dissemination activities.

Princeton University 13 C ENTER FOR M IGRATION AND D EVELOPMENT

The Center for Migration and Development (CMD) Institutions and Development: sponsors a wide array of research, travel, and conference A Comparative Study programs aimed at linking scholars with interests in the With support from the Princeton Institute for broad area of migration and community with national International and Regional Studies, the Center development. Of particular interest to CMD research is conducted a systematic study of state institutions in the relationship between immigrant communities in Latin America as they exist in reality. The study should the developed world and the growth and development help overcome the current confusion about what the prospects of the sending nations. The Center’s data concept of institution means, delimiting the scope archive and working papers series provide readily according to extant sociological theory. Results will available resources based on recent research conducted inform current theory in economics and sociology at Princeton. CMD provides a venue for regular concerning comparative development outcomes and scholarly dialogue about migration and development; the role of actually existing institutions in it. serves as a catalyst for collaborative research on these Transnational Organizations and topics; promotes connections with other Princeton Community Development University programs, as well as with other neighboring institutions where scholars are conducting research in The Center is conducting an 18-month-long study of these fields; hosts workshops and lectures focusing transnational immigrant organizations created by on the many aspects of international migration and Colombian, Dominican, and Mexican immigrants in national development; sponsors awards for international East Coast cities. An inventory of all transnational travel and research; provides fellowship opportunities organizations created by each immigrant group has at Princeton for scholars with interests in these areas; been developed and a small sample of representative enhances course offerings during regular terms for associations have been selected for intensive study, interested graduate and undergraduate students; including visits to the respective home countries maintains and makes available a data archive of unique Immigration and the Health System studies on the field of migration; and disseminates This project examines the interface between a major the findings of recent research through its Working contemporary social process—labor immigration—and Paper Series. a major American institution—the health system. A Research large proportion of present immigrants is unauthorized Immigrant Organizations and and most of these, as well as many other poor Political Incorporation immigrants, are uninsured. The confrontation between With support from the Russell Sage Foundation, the their aggregate health needs and a largely for-profit Center launched a study of all organizations—domestic health system takes multiple forms that the project and transnational, created by Colombian, Dominican, is designed to unravel. The project will target health and Mexican immigrants in the principal U.S. cities care systems in three major areas of immigrant where they concentrate and the effects that such concentration, combining quantitative and qualitative organizations have had in the political incorporations methods to arrive at an authoritative description of the of immigrants to American society. Effects being contemporary situation and its likely effects. examined include U.S. citizenship acquisition, voting, and participation in local affairs and national political parties.

14 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Success-out-of-Disadvantage 2006 Visiting Fellows among Children of Immigrants Cristina Escobar, Ph.D., University of California, With support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, San Diego, is working with Alejandro Portes on the CMD conducted an extension of the Children of project “Transnational Immigrant Organizations and Immigrants Longitudinal Study, labeled CILS-IV. Community Development”. The study is sponsored It is focused on the small sub-sample of respondents by the MacArthur Foundation and investigates which grew up in conditions of severe disadvantage, transnational organizations created by immigrants from as established in the first CILS survey in 1992 – 93, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Colombia. but who ten years later had managed to graduate from four-year college and enter a professional career or Donald Light, Professor of Social and Behavioral graduate school. These respondents were located and Sciences at the University of Medicine of New Jersey, have been interviewed in-depth, along with their is working on a project on the relationships between parents and spouses/partners, yielding uniquely valuable the health-delivery system and the health needs of the information on the forces enabling disadvantaged new immigrant population. immigrant youths to escape their situation and Estrella Gualda Caballero, Professor of Sociology, achieve upward mobility. Universidad de Huelva, is studying the most recent The New Second Generation in Europe theoretical and methodological advances in the study CMD seeks to extend the considerable body of research of the sociocultural integration processes of young, and theorizing on the new second generation available second-generation, immigrants to Andalusia Spain, in the United States to receiving countries in Europe. looking at factors that impact integration and the Very little is known about the second generation in differences in integration according to gender, age European countries, with consequences that can be as and country of origin. dramatic as the social explosions in the suburbs of Óscar Prieto-Flores, Ph.D.Candidate, Universidad French cities in October 2005 which were spearheaded de Barcelona, began a comparative analysis of the by second and third generation youths. To begin this transnationality of Romaní organizations in Europe initiative, CMD will seek to replicate the first survey with the transnational activities of immigrant of the just completed Children of Immigrants organizations in the United States. Longitudinal Study in several European countries, with Spain in the lead. The replication will be conducted 2006 Colloquium Series jointly by Princeton and European researchers, with This series features major presentations by CMD- account taken of national and regional variations in the associated faculty and senior visiting scholars; these development of questionnaires and the analysis of data. presentations are commonly co-sponsored by other programs in Sociology and area studies. Funding and Awards The Center sponsors an annual competition supporting For further information about the Center for research by Sociology faculty and students working Migration and Development, see their website at in designated priority areas and others within its http://cmd.princeton.edu/index.shtml. substantive scope. Awards of up to $5,000 are made to deserving proposals to support international travel, document acquisition, and other project-related expenses. The Center also accepts nominations for the best senior thesis encompassing themes related to development and migration. Research support is available to deserving undergraduates to support thesis research relating to development and migration.

Princeton University 15 OPR FINANCIAL S UPPORT

The Office of Population Research gratefully National Science Foundation acknowledges the generous support provided by the • Collaborative Research: College Choice and following public and private agencies: the Texas 10% Policy Federal Government Agencies • Discrimination in Low Wage Labor Markets: Department of Justice An Audit for New York City • Investigating Prisoner Reentry: The Impact of • Doctoral Dissertation Research: From Migrant Conviction Status on the Employment Status of Social Capital to Community Development: A Young Men Relational Account of Migration, Remittance, and Inequality National Institutes of Health • Dynamics of Attention to Disease in the • Biodemography of Health, Social Factors, Public Arena and Life Challenge • Toward Improving the Conceptualization • Center for Research on Experience and Well Being and Measurement of Discrimination • Community Empowerment for Malaria Control • Unpacking the Black Box of Cumulative Causation in Africa The New York City Commission on Human Rights • Discrimination in the Lives of Young Disadvantaged Men • Discrimination in Low Wage Labor Markets: An Audit for New York City • Economic Status, Public Policy and Child Neglect • Explanations of Racial Disparities in Active Life Foundations and Private Organizations • Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing in Berlex Laboratories Middle Childhood • The Cost of Unintended Pregnancy in the • Graduate Program in Demography United States • Infrastructure for Population Research at Princeton Anne E. Casey Foundation • Parental Resources and Child Wellbeing • Fragile Families Research Brief Series • Population Research Center - Demography Columbia University • Poverty, Inequality and Health in Economic • Child Neglect Study Development Ford Foundation • Public Use Data on Mexican Immigration • Campus Life in America Student Survey • Princeton Center for the Demography of Aging • Moving Beyond Michigan: Making the Most • The Relationship between College Education of Diversity and Health • Percent Plans as Affirmative Action: Texas Higher Educational Opportunity • Texas Higher Educational Opportunity

16 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

The Fund for New Jersey Presbyterian Committee on the Self-Development • Fragile Families in Newark of People William and Flora Hewlett Foundation • Inside-out: Prisoners Rebuilding Lives • The American Society of Emergency Contraception The Rand Corporation • Changes in Sexual Activity in Africa • New Immigrant Survey (NIH) International Center for Research on Women Reproductive Health Technologies • Research for Policy Action: Adolescents and • Support for the Emergency Contraception Hotline Migration in Thailand Russell Sage Foundation Healthcare Foundation of NJ • Consequences of the New Inequality • Fragile Families in Newark • The Princeton Working Group on Inequality The Leon Lowenstein Foundation The Schumann Fund NJ • Future of Children • Fragile Families in Newark • Visiting Professor Position at the Bendheim- The Spencer Foundation Thoman Center for Research on Child Wellbeing • Higher Educational Opportunity in Texas: The Top The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 10% Plan in the Shadows of Hopwood—Grutter • Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and Gratz • Fetal Personhood: The Raw Edge of Obstetrical W.T. Grant Foundation Practice and Ethics • The Role of Discrimination in the Lives of Young Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Disadvantaged Men • Higher Educational Opportunity: A Follow-up Survey of Texas High School Students • The National Longitudinal Survey of Freshman The David and Lucille Packard Foundation • Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing PEW Charitable Trusts • Religion and Religious Practice among New Immigrants to the U.S. Princeton University • Endowment and Scholarship support for the Program in Population Studies • General research and teaching support

Princeton University 17 OPR LIBRARY

For any research center to function effectively, scholars to Microsoft Office, and Adobe Photoshop, which need to be supported in their work by other professionals allows users to scan documents and images, the work who carry out the ancillary activities that facilitate station provides access to the Roxio Easy Media Creator. excellent research. Highly skilled information retrieval With Roxio, users can burn CDs and DVDs and edit specialists and excellent libraries provide the expertise video. The work station also includes a duplex printer. and resources that are required for faculty and The Stokes Library is a member of the Association of researchers to function in today’s increasingly complex Population Libraries and Information Centers. The information environment. association is an extensive network of demography In the Ansley J. Coale Population Research Collection libraries across the country and provides for timely at Stokes Library, Joann Donatiello and Elana Broch interlibrary loans of journal articles and books and are the population research librarians. They provide opportunities for staff development and networking. research assistance, training, selection of material, and The Library is one of the few academic institutions delivery of printed sources as well as electronic participating in this organization, and it provides documents, and they offer cutting edge information APLIC members with access to the unique resources services in many formats in a timely and efficient housed in the collection. Both Elana Broch and Joann manner. Michi Nakayama, special collections assistant Donatiello are active members of APLIC. In addition, and a longtime member of the staff, provides efficient Donatiello is a member of the Board of Directors of and knowledgeable support services. APLIC through 2010, thus ensuring that Princeton University and OPR are playing an active role in the The Stokes Library, under the direction of Nancy work of the association. Pressman Levy and within which the Coale Collection is housed, has a total staff of 3 librarians and 5 support The Coale Population Research Collection at Princeton staff. The library has ample room for study and University is one of the world’s oldest and most research, with tables and quiet study areas that are renowned. There are many publications in the category completely networked and wired to accommodate the of “grey literature” in the collection that have only been use of laptop computers. In addition, the library was accessible through a card catalog, and thus not known the first library on campus to offer wireless network to researchers around the world. Materials in this communication—a service that has become very category include working papers, unpublished conference popular. Printing and photocopying facilities are papers, research institute publications, non-governmental available. The Library also has three collaborative study organization and government publications. Many of the rooms. These rooms are designed for groups of students publications were published in limited quantities and in and/or faculty to work on various projects. The Library their original languages. Joann Donatiello has been also houses an instructional classroom with 12 student working on a project to maximize access to these workstations and an instructor’s workstation. The room materials, both at Princeton University, as well as within is available for classes conducted by Library staff for the the international research community, by adding Princeton University community. The classroom is also information about the materials to the Princeton used for computer workshops held by the Office of University Library online catalog and to RLIN and Population Research, the Woodrow Wilson School, the OCLC—both international catalogs that are searched Sociology Department, and other units of the by academics and researchers worldwide. Creating University Library system. The classroom computers electronic records increases the likelihood that they will are available to Library users when not reserved for class be aware of and know where to obtain these valuable sessions. The Library recently installed a scanner work research documents. Particularly for countries with few station for use by students, faculty and staff. In addition resources, this is invaluable. Researchers may request a

18 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 loan of the materials, or in many cases, they can be Chicago, and other relevant databases. Other electronic scanned and distributed electronically. To date, records resources of interest to OPR include Sociological have been created for 2030 items. The project is funded Abstracts, ISI Web of Science, EconLit, ScienceDirect, by the Office of Population Research and the Princeton Psychinfo, Medline, PAIS, and the Cochrane Library, University Library. which is a collection of medical databases covering the effects of interventions in health care. The library During the first week of classes, Elana Broch and Joann recently added access to Social Explorer, a database Donatiello were invited to introduce themselves to the that creates interactive maps of demographic data back incoming graduate students and inform them about an to 1940. upcoming library orientation session. The librarians then met with the students to explain the resources and The Library provides document delivery services services available to them. through Medline, CISTI, British National Library, and Princeton’s own collections. Articles needed on The Coale Collection continues to be one of the world’s an urgent basis may be ordered rush and delivered renowned population collections, numbering over electronically to the desktop. Borrow Direct is a service 40,000 bound volumes as well as more than 17,000 that allows faculty and researchers to request books locally cataloged reprints, technical reports, manuscripts, directly from the libraries at Yale, Brown, University working and discussion papers from other centers of of Pennsylvania, Cornell, Dartmouth, and Columbia. population study, and more than 300 journals. The The books are delivered to the requestor’s mailbox on Library continually acquires new books, reports, campus within four business days—much faster than documents, journals and other research materials for the traditional interlibrary loan. In addition to Borrow collection; these new acquisitions facilitate research on Direct, the Stokes Library offers the ‘Library Express’ the various projects conducted by OPR users. service. This program provides for the rapid delivery of Approximately 1,200 items are added annually. The books owned by Princeton University Library to the subjects covered include vital statistics, censuses, general mailboxes of OPR constituents. works about demography, population policy, immigration, family planning, child welfare, and public health. Sixty Additional services provided to OPR’s researchers percent of the collection consists of statistical materials include research consultations and reference assistance, (censuses and vital statistics) from all over the world. a selective dissemination of information service whereby A microform collection of approximately 3,300 information is distributed based on researchers’ individual microfilms and 2,000 microfiche consists primarily of profiles, the distribution of tables of contents from U.S. and international censuses. A microfilm/fiche reader journals specifically designated by each researcher, and is available, and print copies can be made. individual and group training sessions on various information resources. Finally, Population Research A wide range of electronic resources is used by librarians review the latest books acquired by the researchers, graduate and undergraduate students, and Library on a weekly basis and alert OPR faculty to librarians in reference work at the Stokes Library. those titles that are of particular interest to their areas POPLINE and Online, the primary Population Index of research. demographic databases, are used extensively. Additional electronic tools of importance to researchers include the For more information on the Coale Collection, please Library’s Main Catalog, which provides access to books, see http://opr.princeton.edu/library. journal titles, government reports and a wide variety of other scholarly material owned by the Library; major research catalogs of holdings, including OCLC’s Worldcat and the Center for Research Libraries in

Princeton University 19 2006 NOTESTEIN S EMINARS

• Devah Pager, Princeton University, in collaboration • Suzanne Bianchi, University of Maryland “What with Bruce Western, Princeton University Gives” When Mothers Are Employed? Parental Time “Discrimination in Low Wage Labor Markets” Allocation in Dual Earner and Single Earner February 7, 2006 Two-Parent Families” May 2, 2006

• Rina Agarwala, OPR, Princeton University “Dignifying • Denise Park, The Beckman Institute, The University Discontent: Informal Workers’ Organizations and the of Illinois “The Aging Mind” September 19, 2006 State in India” February 14, 2006 • Irwin Garfinkel, Columbia University School of • Samir Soneji, OPR, Princeton University Social Work “The American Welfare State: Laggard “Nonparametric Estimation of Disability-Free Life or Leader?” September 26, 2006 Expectancy Using Period Life Table and Cross- • Sarah Meadows, Princeton University “Parallel Sectional Disability Survey” February 21, 2006 Pathways: Gender Similarity in the Impact of Social • Anna Zajacova, OPR, Princeton University “Excess Support on Adolescent Depression and Delinquency” Weight and Health: A Longitudinal Analysis by Sex October 3, 2006 and Race” February 28, 2006 • Anne Case and Chris Paxson, Princeton University, • Scott Leon Washington, OPR, Princeton University joint with the Center for Health and Wellbeing “The Killing Fields Revisited: Lynching and “Stature and Status: Height, Ability, and Labor Anti-Miscegenation Legislation in the Jim Crow Market Outcomes” Oct 11, 2006 South, 1882-1930” March 7, 2006 • Paul Demeny, Population Council “Internationalizing • Jens Alber, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für International Migration Policy” October 17, 2006 Sozialforschung “The “European Social Model” • Kaare Christensen, University of Southern Denmark and the USA” March 14, 2006 “Why Do We Age So Differently?” October 24, 2006 • Florencia Torche, Columbia University “What Drives • Chris Browning, The Ohio State University Inequality of Educational Opportunity? A Test of “Neighborhood Social Ecology and Adolescent Stratification Theory from a Latin American Well-Being” November 7, 2006 Perspective” March 28, 2006 • Lisa Gennetian, Family Wellbeing & Child • Barbara Reskin, University of Washington Development, MDRC “New Evidence on the Effects “What Occupational Segregation by Race, Sex, of Maternal Work Hours on Low-Income Adolescent’s and Ethnic Ancestry Can Teach Us about Racial Development” November 14, 2006 Classification” April 4, 2006 • Grace Kao, University of Pennsylvania “Do You Like • Roland Fryer, Harvard University “An Empirical Me as Much as I Like You? Friendship Reciprocity Analysis of Acting White” April 11, 2006 and Its Effects on School Outcomes among • Arline Geronimus, University of Michigan Adolescents” November 21, 2006 “Deepening Pluralism: Building Solidarity to • Mary Clare Lennon, Columbia University Institute Eliminate Racial Health Inequality” April 18, 2006 for Social & Economic Research and Policy • Jim House, Center for Advanced Study in the “Dynamics of Childhood Poverty: A Latent Class Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University “Spending Trajectory Approach” November 28, 2006 More and Getting Less: Social Determinants and • Pam Smock, University of Michigan “Heterosexual Disparities in Health as the Key to Understanding and Cohabitation in the United States: Motives for Resolving America’s Paradoxical Crisis of Health, Living Together among Young Men and Women” Aging, and Health Care” April 25, 2006 December 5, 2006

• Megan Sweeney, University of California, Los Angeles 20 Office of Population Research “Racial and Ethnic Variation in Marital Disruption in the United States” December 12, 2006 OPR RESEARCH

Children and Families N Carey Cooper’s work with Robert Crosnoe (University Michelle DeKlyen serves as the principal investigator on of Texas at Austin) on the engagement in schooling of the Fragile Families in Urban Essex project, which was economically disadvantaged parents and children will designed to provide detailed information about the lives soon be published in Youth & Society. Cooper of parents and young children to local community considered academic risk and resilience in the context of leaders, service providers, and policy makers. Data from economic disadvantage, examining the associations the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study are among such disadvantage, parental involvement in analyzed and disseminated through presentations and education, and children’s academic orientation in a research briefs, so that they can be used to benefit the sample of 489 inner-city families. Neither parents’ nor families of the urban Essex area. Three-quarters of the children’s engagement in the educational system was babies born in Newark hospitals have unmarried significantly associated with a multidimensional scale of parents, nearly half of these unwed mothers live below economic disadvantage after accounting for demographic the poverty line, and over 93 percent are minorities. characteristics and children’s academic achievement. The These babies are more likely than not to be “at risk.” association between parental involvement and academic However, they differ in important respects from orientation, however, differed by level of economic children in other representative American cities. For disadvantage. In economically disadvantaged families, example, they are more likely to be African-American, parental involvement was associated with greater levels and, if Hispanic, they are more often Puerto Rican, of child academic orientation. In other families, Caribbean, or South American in origin. In their first parental involvement and academic orientation were year of life, they are more likely to suffer from asthma inversely associated with each other. and to have been hospitalized overnight. Their mothers N earn less from work but also receive less public Cooper continues to study family process models to assistance. Their fathers are more likely to have spent children’s achievement during the transition to time in jail, especially for drug offenses, but are also elementary school. Multi-level models of data from the more likely to be involved with their infants. Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Appropriate analyses and dissemination of the results Cohort (n = 11,049) revealed that the school-based of a five-year study of representative families with involvement of parents mediated the association young children can enhance our understanding of between family poverty and children’s math and reading these families and ultimately aid in informing policy achievement in kindergarten. Further, within-race/ and planning services. This study focuses in particular ethnicity analyses revealed that this mediation only on the resources of and relationships between unmarried occurred in white families. Home-based involvement parents and the ways in which government policies predicted kindergarten achievement in African affect their lives. It provides extensive and previously American, Latino/a, and white families, but this form unavailable information about these parents, the of involvement did not serve as a mediator for any wellbeing of their children, and the factors that racial/ethnic group. encourage or discourage family formation. Fragile Families in Urban Essex is supported by grants from N the Fund for New Jersey, the Healthcare Foundation of Also using the nationally representative Early New Jersey, the Schumann Fund for New Jersey, and Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort the Sagner Family Foundation. (ECLS-K) data, Cooper studies the debilitating effects N of poverty on education and how it fuels the intergenerational transmission of inequality. She found Jean Baldwin Grossman, in conjunction with Jean that one long-range method of alleviating poverty in the Rhodes (University of Massachusetts, Boston) and Carla United States is to target the mechanisms which disrupt Herrera (Public/Private Ventures), reviewed the early school experiences. mentoring literature and developed a set of standardized outcome measures—Mentoring Program Outcome

Princeton University 21 OPR RESEARCH

Study—that could be used by all Big Brother Big Sister Department of Education project entitled (BBBS) agencies and other youth mentoring Development, Implementation and Impact Evaluation programs to gauge outcomes. The measures included of Academic Instruction for After-School Programs. indicators related to academic performance, behavior, This project involves conducting two parallel random psychological wellbeing, parent/peer relationships, and assignment evaluations (each with 2,000 sample vocational aspirations. The second phase of the study in members) of reading and math after-school curricula to 2007 will test the measurement package out with a set test the impacts on key student outcomes, especially of agencies, having case managers use the instrument to academic achievement. During 2006, in conjunction track the progress matches are making over 12 months. with staff at MDRC, she developed instruments to For the program Evaluation of School-Based gather data from the 2nd to 5th grade sample members, Mentoring, Grossman, as co-principal investigator, is their teachers and selected the tests the children would designing and conducting a random assignment take both the beginning and the end of the school year. evaluation of BBBS’s school-based mentoring programs. She helped develop the analysis strategies for analyzing The study will entail following the lives of approximately the experimental findings and developed a strategy for 1,000 elementary and middle school students for a year examining how the quality of implementation affects and a half from the time they apply to the program. the size of the impacts. She also proposed several ways During 2006, Grossman directed the analysis of both to account for the multiple tests that will be conducted the end-of-school-year impacts and the 15-month once the analysis starts. Finally, the Department of impacts. In addition, she conducted analysis on the Education asked the team to propose a second year of association between the length of a school-based match data collection and analysis. She developed a secondary and impacts, as well as the quality/closeness of the randomization scheme that will enable the study to mentee-mentor relationship and impacts. examine the effects of receiving one-year only or two- N years, as well as to estimate the decay in the impacts after one year and the change in impacts when the Grossman is a co-principal investigator on a $3 million curricula are delivered by more schools that have one study, Evaluation of Higher Achievement, to examine year of experience with the program. The first follow-up whether an intensive well-implemented academically data will be collected and cleaned by the end of the focused out-of-school-time (OST) program can increase 2006-2007 school year; the analysis will begin in 2007. academic performance of disadvantaged 5th through N 8th grade students and at what cost. Over three years, 1,020 students will be recruited into the study, and half Jean Grossman is co-principal investigator of a study, will be randomly assigned to receive an offer to participate The Cost of Out-of-School Time Programs, to in an intensive OST program offered by the Higher determine the cost of high quality out-of-school time Achievement Program (HAP) of Washington, DC. programs. The project entails collecting cost data from HAP provides students with four years of summer hundreds of programs and the development of “blue school, after school programming, and high school book” or a hedonic cost index that can be used to placement assistance. During 2006, Grossman developed determine the cost of programs with different types of consent and assent forms, survey instruments to gather structures and focus, i.e. academic programs, recreational data from the children and their parents, and selected programs, school-based vs. community-based, with which standardized test the students would take each higher or lower staff-youth ratios, etc. During 2006, year of the study. She also oversaw the recruitment and Grossman oversaw the development of an after-school randomization of the first cohort of 5th and 6th graders. program quality screener that aimed at quickly separating N weak programs from strong ones. This screener was used to screen after-school programs in six cities. She Working jointly with Manpower Development and also developed a cost survey that was used to collect cost Research Corporation (MDRC), Jean Baldwin data from qualified after-school programs. Data collection Grossman is designing and is working on the impact began in late 2006 and will continue into 2007. evaluation of a $13 million multi-organizational U.S.

22 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

N instrumental variables to examine the effects of the policies on individual behavior. They find that welfare Isabel Sawhill (Brookings Institution) and Sara generosity (higher cash benefits and more lenient McLanahan co-edited a volume of The Future of sanctions) is associated with lower rates of marriage, that focuses on social mobility in America. Children especially among unwed parents who are cohabiting at Opportunity in America (Vol. 16, No. 2, Fall 2006), the child’s birth. The welfare effect is fairly large, focuses on the extent to which children’s chances of particularly considering that they are only capturing the success depend on the circumstances into which they effect that occurs given a non-marital birth. A $100 are born. The volume focuses on various ways to increase in the value of cash benefits is associated with improve school and teacher quality: smaller class sizes; five percent point decrease in marriage (within strict removing license and certification requirements of sanctioning cities). The effects of child support policies teachers; requiring states and local school districts to on marriage were less clear. spend federal education funding on carefully evaluated N and successful programs of basic instruction; setting national standards for achievement; and promoting Mary Clare Lennon, a visiting scholar at the Center for policies aimed at reducing class size. The volume also Research on Child Wellbeing, worked on a study of the addresses the issue of college attendance, offering correlates and consequences of economic disadvantage suggestions to increase attendance such as: setting during childhood. The project utilizes a new method tuition at its real cost for students who can afford to pay for assessing economic disadvantage during childhood and directing additional revenues to low-income students; that simultaneously captures children’s overall levels of and adjusting criteria for state funding to increase fund- exposure to economic disadvantage as well as the timing ing to those schools with excellent rates of retention and and sequencing of their exposure. This new method, graduation of students from low-income families. which takes advantage of recent advances in finite N mixture modeling, uses a longitudinal latent class model to classify children into a limited number of groups McLanahan, Rachel Tolbert Kimbro (University of with similar histories of exposure to family economic Wisconsin-Madison) and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn disadvantage. Lennon and colleagues used this approach (Teachers College) examine racial/ethnic differences in to examine the association of childhood economic overweight and obesity in a national sample of 3-year- disadvantage to 2 sets of outcomes: 1) achievement in olds from urban, low-income families and assessed early adulthood; and 2) educational performance and possible determinants of differences. They found that health status during middle childhood. They find that 35 percent of the study children were overweight or extended exposure to economic deprivation during obese. Hispanic children were twice as likely as either childhood is least favorable to all of these outcomes black or white children to be overweight or obese. but that the timing and sequencing of poverty is Despite controlling for a wide variety of characteristics, also important. they were unable to explain either white–Hispanic or N black–Hispanic differences in overweight and obesity. However, birth weight, taking a bottle to bed, and Sara Meadows is looking at three aspects of families mother’s weight status were important predictors of using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study children’s overweight or obesity at age three years. These data. First, she is examining the association between findings imply that children’s problems with overweight parental depressive and generalized anxiety disorders and obesity begin as early as age three, and Hispanic and child behavior problems across family types children and those with obese mothers are especially at risk. (i.e., married, cohabiting, involved nonresident father, N and noninvolved nonresident father). Among three- year-olds in all families, maternal anxiety/depression is McLanahan, Jean Knab, and Irv Garfinkel (Columbia associated with increased odds of anxious/depressed, University) examine the effects of welfare and child attention deficit, and oppositional defiant disorders in support policies on marriage in the post-welfare reform children (n = 2,120). Paternal anxiety/depression has no era. They examine whether these policies impact the significant association with these problem behaviors; marital decisions of unmarried couples that recently had however, fathers’ illness exacerbates anxious/depressed a child. They use both reduced form models and Princeton University 23 OPR Research

behaviors in young children if both parents are ill and susceptibility is no greater than that of mothers who the father is co-resident. The findings underscore the simply do not receive adequate support. importance of maternal mental health for child wellbeing and suggest that a negative interaction Data and Methods Multistate life tables provide us with estimates of the between parent illnesses is most likely when parents length of remaining life individuals can expect to live in and children share the same disorder. different states, like healthy versus unhealthy, married N versus unmarried, etc. (called state expectancies). The Using latent trajectory models and data from the Fragile traditional approach to producing these tables does not Families and Child Well-Being Study, Meadows produce interval estimates, but instead, produces only a examines trajectories of mothers’ mental and physical point estimate that fails to reflect the uncertainty with health, specifically focusing on transitions into and out which state expectancies are estimated. Additionally, the of residential relationships with the child’s biological traditional approach does not allow us to answer father (n = 2,448). Marriage and marital stability are important questions about heterogeneity in state positively associated with health and wellbeing. Thus, expectancies across the population. Over the past several recent increases in births to unmarried parents and the years, Scott Lynch has developed a method that addresses instability surrounding these relationships raise concerns these two limitations. More recently, he has been about the possible health effects associated with changes extending this method to handle cross-sectional data. in family formation. Mothers who remain married to Most life table methods require panel data so that their child’s father are in better mental and physical transition probabilities between states across time can health than unmarried mothers. Among mothers living be observed and modeled. These transition probabilities with the father at birth, exiting a co-residential relationship are then used as input for life table estimation. (i.e., marriage or cohabitation) increases mental health However, panel data are substantially less common than problems and decreases self-rated health. Consistent cross-sectional data. As a consequence, many researchers with the crisis model, these effects appear to be short- use “Sullivan’s method” to produce multistate-like lived. Analyses also reveal few significant differences in estimates of state expectancies. Yet the same limitations health slopes between stably married mothers and those to the traditional approach to multistate life table who experience family structure change, results that estimation also apply to Sullivan’s method. Lynch’s are inconsistent with the marital resource model. new method overcomes these limitations. The implications of these findings for selection and N causation arguments, as well as social policies promoting Lynch has also recently finished a book entitled stable, healthy unions between unmarried parents, are also discussed. Introduction to Bayesian Statistics and Estimation for Social Scientists to be published by Springer. This book N shows what Bayesian statistics is about and how Meadows also examines the relationships between Bayesian analysis is performed. The book is highly perceived availability of instrumental support (e.g., applied and includes a number of R programs that can child care, temporary housing, and financial assistance), be used to estimate parameters from common social reception of adequate support, and depression in a science models. socio-economically diverse sample of new mothers. N Little is known about the effect of incongruity between Germán Rodríguez’s main research interest is statistical perception and receipt of support. Receipt of support demography—the development and application of increases the odds of experiencing a major depressive statistical modeling techniques to the study of human episode (MDE) while perception of support is protective population. His subject areas include fertility and of mental health. Mothers who experience a negative health. A recent work published in mismatch between support perception and support Demographic looks at tempo effects in fertility and mortality. adequacy have increased odds of experiencing an MDE Research In “Demographic translation and tempo effects: an compared to mothers who either receive adequate accelerated failure time perspective,” Rodríguez reviews support or have no support needs; however, their

24 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 the concept of tempo effects in demography, focusing effect on health grows across age at the individual level on the tempo adjustments proposed by Bongaarts and and is becoming increasingly important to health at the Feeney and drawing on the work of Ryder and Zeng societal level. Over the last year, Lynch completed an and Land. He shows that the period-shift model that investigation of the role income plays in these changing underlies the proposed adjustments can be motivated individual-level and societal-level relationships. He from an accelerated failure time cohort perspective. He found that, at the same time the overall effect of proposes alternative measures of tempo under changing education on health is increasing, a growing proportion fertility and mortality that share a synthetic cohort of this effect operates through income. Additionally, the interpretation with the adjusted measure of quantum. increasingly important role income plays in explaining He stresses similarities between the results for fertility the education-health relationship is due to a strengthening and mortality, particularly in terms of mean age of of the associations both between education and income childbearing and mean age at death, but he also notes and between income and health. At the individual level, some important distinctions. Rodríguez concludes that he found that income plays an increasingly important the fertility adjustments can help distinguish quantum role in linking education and health until just after and tempo effects, but argues that in the case of mortality midlife, when the effect of both education and income the Bongaarts-Feeney measure of tempo-adjusted life declines. These results suggest a more complex approach expectancy differs from conventional estimates because to examining life course patterns of schooling and it reflects past mortality. health is warranted. N N A common theme in Josh Goldstein’s research has been Lynch is also investigating whether the measurement the way in which changing demography challenges of education influences our estimates of the changing traditional social categories. These categories include effect of education on health. Research often arbitrarily race and ethnic identity, kinship and family definitions, chooses between a years-of-schooling and a diploma/ and life cycle stages of young and old. Goldstein’s degree approach to measuring education. Yet, the choice general approach has been quantitative, applying of measure may be important, especially if education’s relatively sophisticated statistical methods to problems role in society is changing over time. So far, he has that have traditionally been considered qualitative. He found that the association between diploma/degree has also been working in mathematical demography and attainment and health is strengthening across time, population forecasting with an emphasis on developing while the association between years of schooling and simpler approximation models for complex processes health is not. This result is consistent with the finding like demographic transitions and stochastic population that income is playing an increasingly important role in forecasting. A new research area for him is the measurable explaining the link between education and health and impacts of terror attacks on social behavior. Goldstein the hypothesis that credentialism is occurring—that also began new collaborative work in formal demography diplomas are becoming increasingly important in with Gustav Feichtinger (Vienna University of granting access to higher-paying jobs with better Technology) on the optimization of stocks and flows benefits, both of which may influence health. in organizations such as academies of science and N populations open to migration. With Kenneth Jeanne Altmann’s research program focuses on the Wachter (UC Berkeley), Goldstein completed work interaction among behavior, ecology, physiology, and in mathematical demography on the relationship genetic structure, and on the implication of this between cohort and period life expectancy, an area that interaction for evolution and adaptation to changing has been an open problem for numerous decades. environments. The empirical components of her Health and Wellbeing research are conducted primarily with a wild population The existence of a relationship between education and of savannah baboons, a highly adaptable and intensely health is well established. Less well known is that the social species that shares many biological and social importance of education to health varies both across the characteristics with humans. For over three decades, she individual life course and across birth cohorts. In and her colleagues have conducted detailed behavioral previous research, Scott Lynch found that education’s and life-history research on individuals and their

Princeton University 25 OPR Research

descendents in a population that has been adapting to a they were less likely to conceive; and if they did dramatically changing arid environment in southern conceive following drought (heat effects were non- Kenya. In addition to a major database component to significant), they were less likely to have a successful their projects, their program has increasingly involved pregnancy. Age also significantly predicted conceptive two ‘wet lab’ components—steroid hormone assays in failure: the youngest and oldest females experienced her laboratory in Princeton, and molecular genetics, the lowest conception rates. Further, high ambient particularly for paternity and relatedness, also for Major temperatures resulted in significantly more fetal losses Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes, in Susan during the first but not later trimesters of pregnancy. Alberts’ laboratory at Duke University. Much of their Finally, for probability of both conception and fetal focus during 2005-2006 linked environmental loss, dominance rank and environmental conditions constraints and climatic variability to variability in exhibited a significant interaction. Although females of reproductive success and population structure through various ranks had equal conception probabilities during investigations of behavior, morphology, steroid optimal conditions, low-ranking females were less likely reproductive hormones, and relatedness. than high-ranking ones to conceive during periods of N drought. Perhaps as a result, during drought, high ranking females were more likely to suffer fetal loss. Climate, sociality, and demography—The broad-scale N demographic analysis by Altmann and her colleagues of environmental and social impacts on vital rates in a Endocrinology of reproduction – Some other striking wild population produced exciting results. They have findings about fertility and fetal loss in this natural been able to show how baboon conception and survival primate population derived from analyses that integrated rates respond to environmental variation and climate various combinations of endocrine, behavioral, change. Conception rates in particular were affected morphological, and environmental data to identify by climate variation, declining with very hot daytime mechanisms of sexual selection and the endocrinology highs, with very cold overnight lows, and during of fetal loss. Fecal estrogens predicted impending fetal periods of low rainfall. That conception rates decreased loss starting two months (one trimester) before the as average maximum temperature increased is of major externally observed loss. This involved comparison of concern and of broad implication because over the steroid hormones between successful and unsuccessful period 1980 to 2005, temperatures have steadily pregnancies in a large sample (188 pregnancies over five increased in the Amboseli basin. This analysis also years of endocrine sampling). Considering an additional identified interactions between environmental and 450 pregnancies over several decades, but for which social factors affecting baboon survival and conception endocrine samples were not available, Altmann and her rates. Both conception and survival were density- colleagues found that rates of pregnancy loss were dependent, although in the case of conception rates this similar in the two datasets, confirming that their long- was true only during drought months. In addition, term observational technique for relatively early preg- baboons that were ranked higher in the dominance nancy detection matches that based on hormonal assays hierarchy had higher conception rates and their female in wild baboons. offspring had higher survival rates. N N Male reproduction can also be much more ecologically Complementary findings zeroed-in to elucidate the constrained than usually recognized in either empirical impact of environmental variables at various stages of or theoretical work. In a pair of studies, one focused on reproduction in this reproductively non-seasonal species morphology, behavior, and endocrinology at Princeton that lives in environments that are highly variable and and the other on paternity and behavior at Duke, the unpredictable. These results lend insight into the lower- researchers were able to investigate mechanisms and level processes by which more broad-scale demographic consequences of sexual selection and the ecological patterns arise. Data from almost three decades indicate pressures for mate selectivity. In the Princeton laboratory, that following periods of drought or extreme heat, Altmann recently demonstrated a close relationship females were significantly less likely to cycle than among size of baboon sexual skins, timing across the expected. If females did cycle after these conditions, menstrual cycle, fecal estrogens, and probability of mate-guarding (sexual consortship) by adult males. 26 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Particularly striking in terms of the potentially high N ecological costs that a male incurs by mate-guarding A major research initiative of Elizabeth Armstrong is a activities is the fact that alpha males, much more than study of the evolution of fetal personhood and its lower-ranking males, restricted their mate-guarding impact on the practice and ethics of obstetrics. episodes to the highest fertility periods. Alpha males Advances in medical technology have reconfigured our were also more restrictive in the age/stage class of cultural understandings of pregnancy, giving rise to a females they mated with, discriminating against both new cultural idea, that of fetal personhood—the notion early stage and late stage adolescents, whereas other that the fetus is a person, distinct from the pregnant males discriminated only against early stage adolescents. woman. Armstrong’s research examines how that idea Other enticing findings indicated differences even has shaped the way pregnant women, obstetricians and between conceptive and non-conceptive cycles among the public at large think about pregnancy, pregnant cycles of fully adult females. During the ovulatory phase women and fetuses. of conceptive cycles, sexual swellings were larger, fecal estrogens tended to be at higher concentrations, and Armstrong’s collaboration with Dan Carpenter alpha males engaged in marginally more mate-guarding. (Harvard University) and Marie Hojnacki (Pennsylvania These findings provided insight into the endocrine, State University) is an investigation of agenda setting morphological, and behavioral mechanisms of sexual around disease. This project seeks to understand how selection in baboons and link to the recent demonstration and why some diseases get more attention in the public in Susan Alberts’ laboratory at Duke University of arena than other diseases. Armstrong is also a co- alpha-male paternity bias that is greater than overall investigator on a proposed multi-site study that will mate-guarding bias in favor of alpha males. collect qualitative and quantitative data to understand N how women make decisions about childbirth, particularly Environmental impact on the sub-structure of a in light of recent policy and media attention to the issue population—Environmental change sometimes results of elective cesarean delivery. Armstrong has also begun in permanent fissions of previously stable social groups, working on a new study of lay and professional attitudes and Altmann and colleagues have initiated the first in a towards immunization, as well as continuing to work series of investigations. In an investigation that integrated with an interdisciplinary research group on ideas about genetic, social, and demographic data, findings from risk in obstetrics and gynecology. their analysis of females’ choice of group during four N fissions of social groups in Amboseli showed that Gniesha Dinwiddie’s research on population health uses maternal kin, paternal kin, and close social partners a bio-social perspective to investigate the relationship influenced group choice by some females, but the between stratification, dysregulation of physiological impact of these factors varied across the four fissions. systems related to the stress response, and disparities in Age peers other than paternal kin had no effect on mental and physical health for older adults. With group choice, and average relatedness to all group-mates secondary interests in educational inequality, Dinwiddie had the same effect on group choice as did maternal kin uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen alone. Most females were subordinate to fewer females to examine educational trajectories of minority students after fissions than before, but status improvement did at selective colleges and universities. Her research not drive female group choice—females often preferred interests include stress exposure and coping, life course to remain with social superiors who were their close perspectives on physical and mental health, and inequality maternal kin, rather than improving their own social in educational attainment for racial/ethnic groups. ranks. This suggests that during permanent group N fissions, female baboons prefer to remain with close maternal kin if those are abundant enough to influence Noreen Goldman, together with Rachel Kimbro their fitness; if they have too few close maternal kin, then (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Cassio Turra females prefer to remain with close paternal kin, and (CEDEPLAR), and Anne Pebley (UCLA), identified social bonds with non-kin may also become influential. an atypical pattern of education differentials in health among Mexican Americans. Based on data from L.A.FANS, the NHIS and Fragile Families, Goldman

Princeton University 27 OPR Research

and colleagues demonstrated that education gradients underlie these patterns. This project involves examining for a broad range of health measures are substantially the nature of SES gradients in Mexico and the potential smaller for Mexican Americans than for non-Hispanic role of acculturation and assimilation in producing these whites. In an extension of this work, Turra and atypical health gradients among Hispanics in the Goldman used NHIS data to explore education and United States. income differentials in mortality for Hispanic subgroups N and non-Hispanic whites. The results not only Noreen Goldman, Maxine Weinstein (Georgetown substantiate findings of flatter education gradients for University), and Dana Glei (U.C. Berkeley) are some Hispanic groups, but also shed light on how the continuing to collaborate with colleagues at the Bureau patterns of SES gradients relate to the “Hispanic of Health Promotion, Department of Health in Taiwan Paradox.” Several new projects are underway in an on the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging effort to understand the atypical patterns of mortality Study (SEBAS). This data collection effort, supported and health outcomes among Hispanics in the United by the National Institute on Aging, was designed to States. Goldman is collaborating with Pebley and enhance understanding of the role of physiological Jinsook Kim (Northern Illinois University) to explore processes in the complex relationships among life how poverty affects neighborhood of residence within challenge, the social environment, and physical and L.A. county and the effects of neighborhoods on health mental health. The first wave of the survey, fielded in behaviors among adolescents, for Hispanics and other 2000, includes home-based interviews, collection of ethnic groups. Sharon Bzostek, Goldman, and Pebley blood and urine samples, and physicians’ health exams, used data from L.A.FANS to explore the factors that from about 1,000 middle-aged and elderly respondents. underlie the relatively poor self-reports of health among Respondents are a random sub-sample from an ongoing Hispanics in the U.S., particularly the role of language, national survey that has collected periodic interviews SES, and immigration-related variables. Kimberly Smith between 1989 and 2003 in Taiwan. SEBAS II, which is using the Mexican Health and Aging Study to examine was recently fielded (August 2006 through January socioeconomic gradients in a range of health outcomes 2007), is providing a second set of measurements for and health behaviors among older adults in Mexico. biomarkers collected in 2000 as well as several new Goldman, Duncan Thomas (UCLA), Graciela Teruel physiological measures, including (1) inflammatory (Ibero-Americana, Mexico), and Luis Rubalcava (CIDE, markers, such as C-reactive protein and fibrinogen; (2) Mexico) analyzed data from the 2002 and 2005 waves health assessments in the home—lung function, timed of the Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS) to examine walks, and chair stands; and (3) additional questions in whether there is any evidence to support the “healthy the household interview on perceived stress, stressful migrant hypothesis”—i.e., whether immigrants from and traumatic events, and sleep. Mexico to the U.S. during the inter-survey period are N positively selected by education and health status. N There are many recent and ongoing projects based on the SEBAS data. For example, Goldman, Weinstein and Analyses of social gradients by ethnicity in the U.S. Glei are evaluating the construct of allostatic load by identified an unusual pattern among Hispanics— exploring the association between stressful experiences relatively weak education differentials for a number of reported in early waves of the Taiwan survey and health outcomes and health behaviors. Extensions of physiological measures obtained in SEBAS. Goldman this research revealed a not-well known aspect of the and Glei recently examined the links between “Hispanic mortality paradox,” namely that much of the concentrations of DHEA-S and subsequent mental and mortality advantage of Hispanics stems from better than physical health outcomes, including survival, as well as expected mortality among lower SES Hispanics. This sex differences in these associations. In a recently research has led to the development of a new research published paper with Jennifer Dowd (University of project by Goldman, Anne Pebley (UCLA), and Michigan), Goldman found that biomarkers measured Rebecca Wong (University of Maryland) to investigate in SEBAS do not account for the association between the extent to which these SES gradients are unique to SES and health and do not support the hypothesis that Hispanic groups and to identify the mechanisms that stress, via sustained activation of the body’s neuroen- docrine response, is an important mediator in the 28 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 relationship between socioeconomic status and health. Douglas Massey continues his long-standing interest in Goldman’s work with Weinstein, Glei, Turra the consequences of racial segregation. In one project (CEDEPLAR), and Christopher Seplaki (Johns Hopkins recently funded by NICHD, he has teamed with Greg University) reveals that an array of biomedical Duncan and other researchers at Northwestern University measurements that are not typically measured in clinical to add biomarkers of allostatic load to the Adolescent exams (namely neuroendocrine and immune markers) Health survey. Using these data, they seek to measure are at least as predictive as clinical measures (e.g., blood the degree to which the stress of living in poor, segregated pressure, cholesterol, glucose levels) of the risks of dying communities produces cardiovascular problems, higher in a three-year period (2000 to 2003). Goldman, rates of auto-immune disease, impairments of memory Weinstein and Glei are currently updating this analysis and information processing, and greater propensities for using survival data for the period 2003 to 2006. impulsive behavior. Goldman and postdoctoral fellow Amy Collins are N assessing whether findings from previous studies Angus Deaton worked on the determinants of human demonstrating that subjective measures of social position height around the world, as well as why in India, which are significant predictors of health are biased. Their results is experiencing robust economic growth, even among to date suggest that the associations are substantially the poor, nutrition levels are falling, and (some measures) attenuated when estimated from longitudinal data with of child malnutrition are rising. He also continued his controls for health status at baseline. Together with work on measuring price levels around the world, with Germán Rodríguez, Collins and Goldman are examining the specific aim of obtaining more accurate measures of the nature of the relationship between measures of life global poverty and inequality. satisfaction and subsequent survival and disability. N N The Udaipur health survey collects data on health and Josh Goldstein’s new project on the changing ages of economics from rural households and health facilities in man focuses on the consequences of increasing longevi- the Udaipur district of Rajasthan in northwestern India. ty on the entire human life cycle. He has completed The area is farmed by tribal people, few of whom are papers on limits to the postponement of childbearing educated. The survey is interviewing members of and the changing overlap of generations, and he pre- around 1,000 households in 100 villages, asking them sented work on the shift to younger ages of the male how they earn a living, about their physical and mental accident hump of mortality, which he argues is tied to health status, and about their experience of healthcare. the secular improvement in nutrition over the last three Complementary surveys are collecting information centuries. He continued collaborative work with Guy about village infrastructure and about the clinics and Stecklov (Hebrew University) on the social conse- medical personnel that people use, including traditional quences of terror attacks, using traffic accident data as healers. One aim is to discover more about the quality an indirect measure of social stress. of healthcare, how well it serves the people who use it, N and the extent to which it contributes to health status. Alan Krueger expanded his work with Dan Kahneman More broadly, the study will help to understand the (Princeton University) and others on measuring determinants of health, as well as the relationships wellbeing and time use. They recently completed a between health and economic status, and how they major survey that extends the American Time Use work together to determine wellbeing. This is a Survey. The new survey is called the Princeton Affect collaborative project with Angus Deaton, Abhijit and Time Survey, and it is based on a population sample Banerjee and Esther Duflo at MIT, Jishnu Das at the of 6,000 households. They expect that major results will World Bank, and Seva Mandir in Udaipur. flow from this work in the upcoming year, and it will Deaton’s work on health status and economics is form the basis for an NBER conference and volume that concerned with the “social” determinants of health, how Krueger is organizing on National Time Accounting. people’s incomes, their education, and the characteristics He expects that National Time Accounting will of the societies in which they live, affect their health eventually prove as useful as the National Income and status and their life chances. It is also concerned with Product Accounts. N Princeton University 29 OPR Research

how the findings affect the way that we think about by childhood scores on cognitive tests. Furthermore, taller wellbeing and about policy towards health and poverty. adults select into occupations that have higher cognitive For the United States, recent work has focused on the skill requirements and lower physical skill demands. effects of income inequality on health, and on the N finding that the racial composition of states and cities Christina Paxson is working with Norbert Schady, from affects the mortality rates of the people who live there. the World Bank, to examine how a government-run cash Deaton has also looked at the policy implications of the transfer program targeted to poor mothers in rural relationship between socioeconomic status and health. Ecuador influenced the health and development of their For developing countries, work on India and South children. This program is of particular interest because, Africa has looked at how we might measure wellbeing, unlike other transfer programs that have been taking into account economic and health status. implemented recently in Latin America, receipt of the N cash transfers was not conditioned on specific parental Anne Case continued her collaboration with researchers actions, such as taking children to health clinics or at the University of Cape Town on numerous health, sending them to school. This feature of the program education and development research projects. With makes it possible to assess whether conditionality is colleagues from the University of Cape Town and necessary for programs to have beneficial effects on University of Michigan, she oversaw the fourth wave children. Random assignment at the parish level is used of the Cape Area Panel Study—a longitudinal study fol- to identify the program’s effects. They find that the cash lowing members of black, colored, and white transfer program had positive effects on the physical, households in the Western Cape of South Africa. Case cognitive, and socio-emotional development of children, is also conducting research on the costs associated with and the treatment effects were substantially larger for illness and death at the Africa Centre for Health and the poorer children than for less poor children. Among Population Studies, a demographic surveillance site in the poorest children in the sample, children whose KwaZulu-Natal. mothers were eligible for transfers had outcomes that N were on average more than 20 percent of a standard deviation higher than those for comparable children in Anne Case and Christina Paxson are studying the the control group. Treatment effects are somewhat larger relationships between early childhood health and for girls and for children with more highly-educated nutrition, height, and labor market outcomes in mothers. The program appeared to improve children’s adulthood. It has long been recognized that taller adults nutrition and increased the chance they were treated for hold jobs of higher status and, on average, earn more intestinal parasite infections. However, children in the than other workers. Case and Paxson find evidence that treatment group were not more likely to visit health the better labor market outcomes of taller people can be clinics for growth monitoring, and the mental health attributed to the positive correlation between height and parenting or their mothers did not improve. and cognitive ability—which itself is likely the product N of childhood health and nutrition that influence both physical growth and cognitive development. As early as Christina Paxson, Andrea Lleras-Muney, and Cecilia age three and throughout childhood, taller children Rouse (Princeton University) are studying the impact of perform significantly better on cognitive tests. The education on health outcomes and behaviors among correlation between height in childhood and adulthood young adults. They are collecting data to evaluate the is approximately 0.7 for both men and women, so that impact of the “Opening Doors” randomized education tall children are much more likely to become tall adults. intervention. This intervention will randomly offer As adults, taller individuals are more likely to select into additional financial, mentoring and curriculum services higher paying occupations that require more advanced to community college entrants from disadvantaged verbal and numerical skills and greater intelligence, for backgrounds. They plan to evaluate not only whether which they earn handsome returns. Using four data sets and how the intervention worked, but also whether from the US and the UK, Case and Paxson find that they observe any subsequent effects on the health and the height premium in adult earnings can be explained health behaviors of the participants.

30 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

N 40,000 as of October 2006. Many of these remaining Christina Paxson and associates Cecilia Rouse, Jean children and adolescents either experienced the storm Rhodes (University of Massachusetts) and Mary Waters first-hand or were evacuated with their families and (Harvard University) are engaged in a project that subsequently returned to New Orleans. These children examines how a group of low-income parents from New and adolescents likely experienced one or more of the Orleans, all of whom registered for community college many psychological triggers that can lead to mental in 2004, have coped with the effects of Hurricane illness in children–including exposure to frightening Katrina. They are studying how the pre-hurricane events and scenes, bereavement, separation, physical resources and capacities of individuals – defined to losses and evacuation. Mental health experts, social include their mental and physical health, social service providers and parents acknowledge that these networks, and economic resources – affect their ability triggers did indeed contribute to high levels of mental to successfully adjust to a major life trauma. The dysfunction among the parish’s children and adolescents outcomes being focused on include psychological directly following the storm. Workshop participants distress, symptoms of depression and post-traumatic identified three structural obstacles that impeded stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse. They are effective delivery and treatment of mental health care also examining the determinants of successful social and services: shortage of an adequately trained workforce; a economic adjustment, including the re-establishment of lack of coordination between primary and mental social networks and resumption of employment and health care providers, and lack of information and educational activities. The study makes use of extensive resource sharing between providers and patients. Patient pre-hurricane data that were collected prior to the transportation was also cited as an area in need of hurricane, combined with new quantitative and funding consideration. The authors noted that in order qualitative data that was collected in 2006. for the mental health system to meet the needs of New Orleans’ low-income families, these structural obstacles Under the guidance of Christina Paxson and John must be addressed. As long as these obstacles remain Lumpkin, senior vice president and director of the unaddressed, investments in New Orleans’ mental Health Care Group at the Robert W. Johnson health care system are not likely to bring about Foundation (RWJF), a group of Princeton M.P.A. and substantive improvements in service provision and mental M.P.P students, in a Woodrow Wilson School workshop health outcomes. The full report may be accessed at: run by Paxson, released a report titled “Coping with http://www.wws.princeton.edu/research/PWReports/F0 Katrina: Mental Health Services in New Orleans.” This 6/wws591h.pdf. report was commissioned by the RWJF to assist the N Foundation’s Katrina Response Team in evaluating its Adriana Lleras-Muney continued to investigate the grant-making policies. The workshop participants relationship between education and health. In a new (Christian Bendsen, Randall Blair, Rose Holandez, project with David Cutler (Harvard University), she is Arielle Lutwick, Farrah Parkes, Janelle Sagness, investigating alternative mechanisms that can explain Katherine Sharaf, Rachel Smit, and James Wills) why more educated individuals are healthier. With analyzed the quality, accessibility and financing of Bo Honore (Princeton University), Lleras-Muney is mental health services available to Hurricane Katrina pursuing a different approach, using panel data from victims. Focusing specifically on the level of care given various developed countries to investigate causal pathways low-income children and their caregivers, the students between various measures of socio-economic status traveled to New Orleans and Baton Rouge in Louisiana (including education) and health. A new collaboration and interviewed mental health providers, advocates, and with Coleen Murphy (Princeton University) studies policymakers. In preparation for the study, the authors whether learning increases longevity using experiments examined issues surrounding mental illness, mental with worms and possibly other animals. health services, disaster relief and health care financing. Using estimates from the 2006 Louisiana Health and N Population Survey, over 145,710 children and Lleras-Muney also has two new projects that look at the adolescents (age 19 and below) lived in Orleans Parish impact of mortality on households’ decisions to invest before Katrina; this number had fallen to just under in education and health. With Seema Jayachandran

Princeton University 31 OPR Research

(Stanford University), she examines the effects of present child health as the product of a complex web of maternal mortality declines in Sri Lanka in the late 40’s socio-demographic, prenatal, family and neighborhood and early 1950’s to estimate the effect of reductions in factors. Yet few nationally representative datasets adult mortality on education and health. Another contain measures from all of these domains. Reichman project, joint with Grant Miller (Stanford University) proposes to augment the national Fragile Families and and Jorge Alberto Restrepo (Universidad Javeriana, Child Wellbeing survey data with medical records Colombia) looks at the effects of violence and war on information and neighborhood measures to create an schooling and health investments in Colombia and unparalleled resource for addressing important exploits differential mortality by gender associated questions about the health of children, particularly with violence. those in high-risk families. She will use the enhanced N data to describe infant and child health in the United States and construct risk profiles highly associated with Mary Clare Lennon, a visiting scholar at the Center poor child health. for Research on Child Wellbeing, worked with another N visiting scholar to CRCW, Nancy Reichman (Columbia University), and Julien Teitler (Columbia University) on Nancy Reichman, Julien Teitler, and Lenna a project using Fragile Families data that describes the Nepomnyaschy (Columbia University) are exploring physical and mental health trajectories of unmarried racial and ethnic disparities on birth outcomes. This urban parents and the health trajectories of their project contributes to a greater understanding of racial children during the child’s first five years of life and and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes by analyzing explore the roles of cumulative family experiences (e.g., associations between length of time in the U.S. and low relationship changes, care-giving burden, social support) birth weight among foreign-born black, Mexican, Asian, as potential mechanisms underlying associations between and island-born Puerto Rican mothers; analyzing racial age and health within the relatively disadvantaged Fragile and ethnic disparities in low birth weight and related Families population. In addition, they will examine the outcomes in the U.K.; and estimating the extent to extent to which physical and social environments shape which racial and ethnic disparities in low birth weight, parents’ and children’s health trajectories. very low birth weight, preterm birth, and infant mortality N can be accounted for by economic, social, and physical environments of neighborhoods. Nancy Reichman studied the effects of child health on N family resources with Hope Corman and Kelly Noonan (both of Rider University) and funded by NICHD. She On the Mexican American Child Health project, used augmented data from the national Fragile Families Reichman and colleagues Yolanda Padilla, Robert and Child Wellbeing Study of mostly unwed parents to Hummer, Parker Frisbie, Dan Powers, and Aletha estimate the effects of poor infant and child health on a Huston from the University of Texas use data from the broad array of family, financial, and community Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to identify resources available to the child (parental relationships, factors that influence the health and development of household composition, subsequent fertility, parents’ Mexican American children from birth through age five employment, child care arrangements, subsequent in a comparative context with the non-Hispanic whites education, receipt of public assistance, child support, and non-Hispanic blacks. The study explores whether use of pediatric health care, and the child’s participation protective factors present during pregnancy continue to in preschool programs). It also compares resources sustain the health and development of Mexican available to children with and without serious health American children beyond birth. Three sets of outcomes problems and compares health outcomes of children at are being analyzed: birth outcomes, child health and age five by both their health status in infancy and the well-child health care, and child development. resources they received during their first five years. N N Burton Singer’s research has two primary foci: On the Fragile Families and Child Health Project, (1) identification of social, biological, and environmental Reichman and Julien Teitler (Columbia University) risks associated with vector-borne diseases in the tropics

32 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 and implications for the design and implementation of as an early warning system of risk for future adverse tropical disease control programs, and (2) integration of health outcomes. In this investigation by Burton Singer, psychosocial and biological evidence to characterize Carol Ryff (University of Wisconsin-Madison), and pathways to alternative states of health. The latter focus UCLA researchers Tara Gruenewald, Teresa Seeman, has emphasized studies of the biological substrates of and Arun Karlamangla, 13 biomarkers were examined psychological wellbeing and of the interplay between as predictors of mortality occurrence over a 12-year cumulative adverse and positive experiences over the life period in a sample of men and women (n = 1,189) course. The first focus has included assessments of the 70–79 years of age at enrollment into the study. interrelationships between ecological transformation, Biomarkers examined in analyses included markers economic development, and malaria on the Amazon of neuroendocrine functioning (epinephrine, frontier in Brazil. It has also included studies of urban norepinephrine, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone), malaria in Africa. A second central feature has been immune activity (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, IL-6, historical analyses of the bases for successful malaria and albumin), cardiovascular functioning (systolic and control programs from 1900 to the present and diastolic blood pressure), and metabolic activity [high- implications for current health policy in the tropics. density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, total to HDL Work on tropical health issues is centered around a cholesterol ratio, and glycosylated hemoglobin]. study of urban malaria in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Recursive partitioning techniques were used to identify linked to the implementation of a new malaria control a set of pathways, composed of combinations of program for the city. Complementary to the urban different biomarkers, that were associated with a high- studies are rural investigations in western Cote d’Ivoire risk of mortality over the 12-year period. Of the 13 focused on malaria, schistosomiasis, and a range of biomarkers examined, almost all entered into one or geohelminths. A novel aspect of this work is the more high-risk pathways although combinations of introduction of NMR spectroscopy on urine and serum neuroendocrine and immune markers appeared samples to carry out diagnosis of a broad spectrum of frequently in high-risk male pathways, and systolic parasitic infections on the basis of metabolic profiles. blood pressure was present in combination with other N biomarkers in all high-risk female pathways. These findings illustrate the utility of recursive partitioning Regarding the biological substrates of life histories and techniques in identifying biomarker combinations wellbeing, Singer and Carol Ryff (University of predictive of mortal outcomes in older adults, as well Wisconsin) have a national survey (MIDUS II) that as the multiplicity of biological pathways to mortality went into the field in July 2003 that focuses on in elderly populations. characterizing complex pathways to health and illness. This study also includes extensive biomarker A study by Burton Singer, Carol Ryff, and a team of assessments that will be utilized in their program other researchers examined the interplay of social aimed at refining operationalizations of the concept engagement, sleep quality, and plasma levels of of allostatic load. Genetic studies of discordant and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a sample of aging women (n = concordant twin pairs will be conducted with a focus 74, aged 61-90, M age = 73.4). Social engagement was on personality characteristics such as neuroticism. This assessed by questionnaire, sleep was assessed by using large NIH-funded project will run thru 2008. Singer the NightCap in-home sleep monitoring system and the and Ryff have also recently initiated a companion Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and blood samples were study to MIDUS, based in Japan. This will facilitate obtained for analysis of plasma levels of IL-6. Regarding international comparative analyses of biomarker and subjective assessment, poorer sleep (higher scores on genetic profiles linked to psychosocial phenotypes. the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) was associated with lower positive social relations scores. Multivariate A wide range of biomarkers, reflecting activity in a regression analyses showed that lower levels of plasma number of biological systems (e.g., neuroendocrine, IL-6 were predicted by greater sleep efficiency (P < immune, cardiovascular, and metabolic), have been 0.001), measured objectively and by more positive found to prospectively predict disability, morbidity, and social relations (P < 0.05). A significant interaction mortality outcomes in older adult populations. Levels of showed that women with the highest IL-6 levels were these biomarkers, singly or in combination, may serve

Princeton University 33 OPR Research

those with both poor sleep efficiency and poor social contraceptive benefits to cover 100% of the costs of relations (P < 0.05). However, those with low sleep the most effective forms of contraception (intrauterine efficiency but compensating good relationships as well contraceptives, injectables, and implants) and for as women with poor relationships but compensating emergency contraceptive pills for all members. The high sleep efficiency had IL-6 levels comparable to benefit change was advocated by physician leaders those with the protective influences of both good across the system as an effort to promote more effective social ties and good sleep. contraceptive use and thereby reduce unintended N pregnancies. With colleagues from Kaiser Permanente, Trussell conducted a retrospective observational study to James Trussell’s primary research focus over the past describe the mix of reversible contraceptives procured decade has been the analysis of contraceptive efficacy. before and after the benefit change. We then estimated His work changed the way that clinical trials of couple-years of protection to examine whether the contraceptives are designed, executed and analyzed. His contraceptive mix changed to more effective reversible particular substantive contribution has been a string of methods. After the benefit change, couple-years of empirical analyses demonstrating the efficacy of the protection increased 28% (from 2001-02 to 2003-04) sponge, cervical cap, diaphragm, female condom, and while the caseload of females aged 15 – 44 fell by 1%. ovulation method of periodic abstinence. His protocol Couple-years of protection for intrauterine contraceptives for male condom slippage and breakage studies is now and injectables rose 137% and 32%, respectively, universally adopted as the standard. His meta-analysis while couple-years of protection for the pill, patch and of the literature on contraceptive failure, regularly ring rose only 16%. The estimated average annual updated in Contraceptive Technology, considered the contraceptive failure rate among women using hormonal bible of the field, has resulted in a summary table of contraceptives and intrauterine contraceptives declined contraceptive efficacy that is mandated by the Food and from 7.0% to 6.4%. Use of the levonorgestrel emergency Drug Administration to appear on every contraceptive contraceptive pill rose 88%.The investigators concluded drug and device sold in the United States; the most that removal of the cost of contraception may result in recent edition will be published in early 2007, as will increased utilization of more effective methods and Safely Sexual, a new companion volume for women. emergency contraceptive pills. Another strand of this research has been a focus on N emergency contraception. In a series of papers, Trussell has produced the standard estimates of efficacy of Contraceptive discontinuation contributes significantly emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) and emergency to the high rates of unintended pregnancies in the insertion of a copper IUD. His work on ECPs led the United States. Caroline Moreau, Kelly Cleland, and Food and Drug Administration to publish a notice in James Trussell examined contraceptive discontinuation the Federal Register declaring ECPs to be safe and throughout women’s lives, focusing specifically on effective and provides the foundation for ECPs going discontinuation due to dissatisfaction with the method. over-the-counter without a prescription. Finally, The study population, drawn from the 2002 National Trussell has been the senior author of a series of pub- Survey of Family Growth, consisted of 6,724 women lished papers on the cost-effectiveness of contraception (15-44 years of age) who had ever used a reversible that have led to increases in insurance coverage of contraceptive method. They first estimated the contraceptive methods (25 states now mandate proportion of women who discontinued their insurance coverage of prescription contraceptives). contraceptive due to dissatisfaction and examined the He also completed a study of the efficacy of medical social and demographic characteristics associated with abortion that has resulted in the publication of two method discontinuation. They then calculated method- papers; this project was funded by NIH (it is the only specific discontinuation rates due to dissatisfaction, and R01 on the topic of abortion to have been funded by analyzed the reasons for dissatisfaction given by women NIH in many years). who stopped using Norplant, Depo-Provera, oral N contraceptives or condoms. Overall, 46% of women discontinued at least one method because they were A study by Trussell noted that in 2002, Kaiser unsatisfied with it. The likelihood of contraceptive Permanente health plan in California changed its discontinuation due to dissatisfaction depended on 34 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 women’s age, number of partners, parity and whether Using data from a prospective population-based cohort they reported a history of unintended pregnancy. in France (the Cocon survey, 2001 – 2004), they Women with the highest level of education and income examined the impact of ECP use on women’s regular were also more likely to discontinue their contraceptive contraceptive use patterns. Their results show that ECPs due to dissatisfaction. Dissatisfaction-related were essentially used to compensate for contraceptive discontinuation rates varied widely by method: the errors: 45% resulted from inconsistent pill use and 35% diaphragm and cervical cap showed the highest rates from misuse of condoms. Analysis of individual of discontinuation (52%), followed by long-acting contraceptive paths from the time of to 6 months after hormonal methods, discontinued by 42% of users. ECP use shows a continuous pattern of use in 71% of Oral contraceptives were associated with a 29% the cases: highly-effective methods (41%) or non-highly dissatisfaction-related discontinuation rate while effective methods (30%). 20% switched from non- condoms had the lowest rate of discontinuation due to highly to highly-effective methods. dissatisfaction (12%). They conclude that a broader N understanding of women’s concerns and experiences In a paper published in Perspectives on Sexual and using contraception could help healthcare providers Reproductive Health, Caroline Moreau and colleagues in redesign counseling strategies to improve contraceptive France examined oral contraceptive (OC) patterns of continuation. use. Oral contraceptives are the most popular form of N reversible contraception used in the industrialised Caroline Moreau, James Trussell, and Nathalie Bajos world. This study examines the incidence of and the (National Institute of Health and Medical Research, social, demographic and situational factors associated France) examined the impact of pharmacy access to with inconsistent pill use among French women. Data emergency contraceptive pills on ECP use, on risky were drawn from a random sample of 1,234 pill users sexual behavior, and on contraceptive use patterns in who participated in a population based survey on France. They analyzed responses to national health contraception and abortion in France (Cocon survey). surveys of women (ages 15 to 44) conducted in France The authors found that 20% of women missed at least in 1999 (n= 4,166) and 2004 (n=7,490). They found one pill during the 4 weeks prior to the interview, 6% that increasing access to ECPs in France by introducing missed two or more pills and 10% missed at least one a dedicated product and eliminating the prescription pill without using contraceptive backup during requirement resulted in a 72% increase in ECP use. subsequent sexual intercourse. Missed pills were more They show that this increase in ECP access and use did frequent among women who had occasional sexual not result in increased proportions of women who had partners or who experienced recent life style changes. ever had intercourse or in a decrease in the age at first Women who failed to establish a daily pill taking intercourse or in an increase in the proportion of routine were also more likely to be inconsistent users. women at risk for an unintended pregnancy. They Inconsistent pill use that carried higher risk of found no decrease in use of contraception and no contraceptive failure was more frequent among women decrease in the use of the most effective methods who felt they had not been involved in the choice of among women at risk of unintended pregnancy. contraceptive method prescribed by their physician. Given the frequency of inconsistent pill use, the authors They also investigated the determinants of lifetime and conclude that more emphasis on the patient/physician recent use of ECPs in the general population in France interaction would help to better address women’s and examined the circumstances under which ECPs preferences and needs during contraceptive counselling, were used in 2004 in the context of a demedicalised thus improving contraceptive effectiveness during access to the method. They found that most women typical use. protected intercourse until the next menstrual period N and used a contraceptive method in the next menstrual cycle, with no differences across age groups. However, a Caroline Moreau, James Trussell, and colleagues in small proportion of women seemed to take risks at France examined oral contraceptive (OC) tolerance. repeated times: 5.5% had unprotected intercourse after In recent years, healthcare providers have increasingly taking ECPs in the same and next menstrual cycle. favored the prescription of the lowest estrogen dose

Princeton University 35 OPR Research

formulations combined with third-generation N progestins, based on theoretical improvements in safety Caroline Moreau and French colleagues from Inserm, and tolerance. However, no clear evidence supports again using data from the Cocon survey, examined these choices. This study examines the frequencies of contraceptive use patterns in the year surrounding an reported symptoms by OC composition among French induced abortion among French women. They found women. A population-based cohort (Cocon survey) of that 46% of women who experienced an abortion used 2,863 women studied between 2000 and 2004 was used a highly effective form of contraception 6 months to compare the frequency of reported symptoms before the event (versus 76% among women who had (weight gain, nausea, breast tenderness, lower frequency never had an abortion, P < 0.001). This proportion of menstrual periods, breakthrough bleeding, painful dropped to 33% at the time of the abortion and and heavy periods, swollen legs) by type of OCs increased to 71%, 1 month after. In addition, 50% of (classified by estrogen dosage, progestin component, women who had an abortion had changed their and sequence of administration). They found little contraceptive method in the 6 months before the event variation in the frequency of symptoms by type of OCs, (compared with 16% in the 6 months before the with the exception of progestin-only pills being associated interview in women who had not had an abortion, with higher frequencies of breakthrough bleeding and P < 0.001). Finally they found that women with socially lower frequencies of menstrual periods. They found no deprived backgrounds were less likely to use a highly decrease in the reporting of symptoms with the effective contraception after an abortion. reduction in estrogen dosage, nor with the use of third N compared with second-generation OCs. Likewise, they found little variation by sequence of administration of Charles Westoff continued analyzing trends based on OCs (monophasic versus triphasic). In the absence of CDC national surveys in 1999 and 2005. He expanded sufficient evidence-based data to support the existence the study of the relationship between abortion and of differences in the tolerance profile of low dose modern contraceptive use to 12 countries in Eastern combined OCs, future well-designed randomized trials Europe and Central Asia. The new report is an update are needed to guide providers in their choice of OCs. of estimates of unmet need for family planning that However, research should also assess the effectiveness of have been part of the ongoing DHS comparative counseling on the tolerance of OCs, an intervention analyses. The emphasis is on trends in unmet need and that may prove to be more rewarding than basing the the demand for family planning in 58 countries. In choice of OCs on their theoretical properties. addition to the standard measure, estimates of the N unmet need for modern methods have also been included. The important finding is that the proportion Using data from a population-based cohort on of women with unmet need has declined in most contraception and abortion in France (Cocon survey), countries except in sub-Saharan Africa, where little Caroline Moreau, James Trussell, Germán Rodríguez change is apparent in 15 of the 23 countries with and Jean Bouyer (National Institute of Health and available trend data. Moreover, in the least developed Medical Research, France) estimated method-specific countries, there are significant proportions of married contraceptive failure rates among women in France. women who are in need and have never used They computed their estimates using shared frailty contraception, and who say that they do not intend to hazards models. They found an overall first year failure use any method. The proportion in this category has rate of 2.9%. The IUD had the lowest first year failure declined in many countries but remains a serious rate (1.1%), followed by the pill (2.4%), the male challenge in others. The proportion of the total demand condom (3.3%), fertility awareness methods (7.7%), for family planning that has been satisfied ranges from withdrawal (10.1%), and spermicides (21.7%). The 11 percent in Chad to 94 percent in Vietnam. In sub- lower contraceptive failure rates among French women Saharan Africa, an average of 43 percent of demand for compared to those reported for U.S. women suggests all methods is satisfied, while in the other regions the differences in contraceptive practices that need to be average is 77 percent. The total demand satisfied for further explored. modern methods ranges from 6 percent in Chad to 82 percent in Brazil. In this report, unmet need among

36 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 unmarried women has been inferred from the use of 2008 academic year, Jorge Durand will be spending contraception by unmarried, sexually active women his sabbatical year at Princeton working in collaboration age 15 – 49. It is clear that, over time, more unmarried with MMP researchers. A return to the original four women are using a contraceptive method. The Mexican communities surveyed in 1982 is planned significance of reducing unmet need for the fertility rate for Fall 2007 in order to do a 25-year follow-up to was estimated in terms of the potential distance to discern changes in the patterns, processes, determinants, replacement fertility that would be realized. This ranges and consequences of international migration over the from 28 percent in West Africa to 100 percent in the ensuing period. Information about the MMP is Latin America/Caribbean region. available from the project website at: N http://mmp.opr.princeton.edu/. N In a forthcoming publication in the Journal of Biosocial Science, Westoff says that over the past five to ten years, Thinking on immigration is dominated by the the proportion of women who report recent sexual neoclassical economic framework, which argues that activity has declined in 12 countries in southern and migration springs from wage differentials and that eastern Africa, but not in most of 11 countries in West people move to maximize lifetime earnings. Douglas Africa. Although concentrated among unmarried Massey and Jorge Durand’s research with other women, slight declines are evident among married colleagues in the Mexican Migration Project, however, women and across most ages. Although it is difficult suggests that patterns and processes of migration to the to prove, the most likely explanation is the higher United States are governed more by precepts consistent prevalence of HIV/AIDS in southern and eastern with the new economics of labor migration and social Africa. Finally, Westoff has recently started a study, capital theory than neoclassical economics. The former with independent consultant Tomas Frejka, about argues that migrants move to manage risk and the reasons for the higher fertility in the U.S than in overcome market failures and that once it occurs, social Europe. The current emphasis is on differences in networks connecting migrants and non-migrants come religiousness. This was also presented at the 2006 into play to promote additional movement. The initial PAA meeting in Los Angeles. motivation of migrants is not to settle abroad permanently to maximize lifetime earnings, but to Migration and Urbanization diversify sources of household income, to finance home The Mexican Migration Project (MMP) is a acquisition, to capitalize a productive enterprise, or to multidisciplinary research effort headed by Douglas smooth consumption; and left to their own devices, Massey in collaboration with Jorge Durand of the most migrants will return home after a limited period University of Guadalajara and Project Manager Karen of work abroad. Others come to adopt similar migratory Pren of Princeton. The MMP is based on ongoing strategies by taking advantage of social ties to current surveys of Mexican Migrants to the United States. Its and former migrants, which offer social capital that database contains data gathered annually since 1987 in enables them to gain entry and obtain foreign communities throughout Mexico and the United States. employment. Under these circumstances, efforts to The MMP has been supported for the past 20 years by raise the costs of border cross through tougher border a grant from NICHD. The goal of this project is to enforcement will backfire: rather than preventing entry, gather and disseminate data about Mexican migration it will discourage return migration and actually to the United States and to conduct research documenting accelerate growth of the undocumented population. ongoing patterns and processes of international N movement. Each year four-six communities in Mexico are surveyed and followed by surveys conducted of out- The Latin American Migration Project (LAMP) is a migrants from those communities settled in the United collaborative research project also based at Princeton States. The data are cleaned and processed and added to University and the University of Guadalajara. The the MMP database, which is distributed to users over LAMP was born as an extension of the Mexican the internet. Recent books published from this project Migration Project (MMP) to study migration flows are Beyond Smoke and Mirrors and Clandestinos, and an originating in other Latin American countries. The edited volume, Crossing the Borders. During the 2007- LAMP and the MMP share the same methodology,

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which combines qualitative and quantitative data- people, things, and objects that seemed, to them, to be gathering methods in an approach known as the “American” and “Latino.” Although this qualitative ethnosurvey. The LAMP began in 1998 with surveys photographic approach offers just one window on the conducted in Puerto Rico, which were followed by construction of identity among Latinos in the United surveys conducted in the Dominican Republic, States, it permits a more intimate view of Latino and Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Haiti, Peru, Paraguay, and American identities as perceived by the immigrants Guatemala, and Massey has presented and published themselves. The contrast between the perceptions of articles widely and internationally based on LAMP data. Latin and American identity is stark and provides The LAMP is presently on a no-cost extension pending important clues about how migrants perceive U.S. a submission of a renewal grant to NICHD in January. society and their place within it. If funding is secured, a conference on comparative N migration patterns will be held, in which investigators Massey is also a co-investigator of the New Immigrant will use LAMP data to analyze and compare emigration Survey (NIS), along with Guillermina Jasso (New York processes from different Latin American settings. University), James Smith (University of Pennsylvania), Information on the project is available from the LAMP and Mark Rosenzweig (Yale University). The New website at: http://lamp.opr.princeton.edu/. Immigrant Survey is a representative panel survey of N new legal immigrants to the United States based on Massey and Magaly Sanchez are studying transnational probability samples of administrative records from the identity and behavior in an ethnographic comparison of U.S. Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. first- and second-generation Latino immigrants. The In 1996, the NIS investigators designed and fielded a Transnational Identity research project is a sub-project pilot survey to test sampling procedures, questionnaire of the Latin American Migration Project and the design, and tracking procedures to inform the Mexican Migration Project. In order to study processes implementation of the full NIS. The first full cohort of transnational identity formation, they developed was sampled during May through November of 2003, a supplementary set of qualitative interviews that yielding data on roughly 9,000 new immigrants with a yielded in-depth narratives gathered from first- and response rate of 60%. Data from the baseline survey are second-generation immigrants youths in New York, now available, along with information from the pilot Philadelphia, and suburban New Jersey. Their principal survey, at the NIS website. goal in conducting this study is to understand the N extent and nature of transnational identity and the Patricia Fernández-Kelly’s research looks at social, factors that condition it. In their interviews, they asked economic and cultural adaptations among immigrant about basic traits such as age, gender, residential children. One current investigation examines religion location, and national origins, but also asked open- and the divided self among second generation ended questions on topics such as migration, social immigrants. How do spiritual and religious values networks, documentation, language use, interpersonal interface with the process of assimilation among the relations with friends and relatives abroad, values and children of immigrants in the United States? Answering aspirations, and perceptions of inequality and that question is the main objective of this study, which discrimination. They also gathered basic life histories consists of in-depth interviews conducted in Miami for each respondent. The sample was compiled using between 2002 and 2006. The study also takes stock of chain referral methods and was recruited to represent earlier works to show how religion and spirituality four broad categories of immigrants: Mexicans, Central function as part of a cognitive arsenal that immigrant Americans, Caribbeans, and South Americans. They children deploy to make sense of life in their adopted also undertook a supplementary pilot study that allowed country and in often inhospitable surroundings. a sub-sample of the qualitative interviewees to define N what the concepts “Latino” and “American” meant to them. Specifically, disposable cameras were given to a Fernández-Kelly also attempts to understand the role of subset of respondents to the main ethnographic sample, art in the process of social and cultural adaptation and these respondents were asked to take pictures of among the members of one of the most successful

38 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 immigrant groups in the United States. Based on first- project’s objective is to describe and explain differences hand data collection and extensive archival research, the in the way hospitals, clinics, and medical personnel study documents the artistic production of first- and approach the demands of a growing immigrant second-generation Cuban Americans finding that, in populations, many of whose members confront singular the first case, aesthetic expression anchors exiles in a obstacles, including an absence of citizenship status, nostalgic terrain of truncated but unifying memories. difficulties in understanding normative rules and By contrast, members of the second generation see regulations, and an inability to communicate in art as a possible avenue to succeed financially and English. The focus of the study is on institutions as socially while circumventing the strictures of the socially constructed entities and on their performance conventional labor market. By engaging in expressive as contingent on varying social contexts. In addition entrepreneurship, Cuban-American youngsters both to San Diego County, the study includes equivalent affirm normative values and safeguard new concepts research in Miami, Florida and the Greater Trenton of autonomy and meaning. With Paul DiMaggio Area in New Jersey. The results of this project will have (Princeton University), Fernández-Kelly is currently significant bearing on policies aimed at identifying and editing a book on the role of art in U.S. immigrant addressing the health needs of vulnerable populations communities. with special emphasis on the dynamic interactions N between institutions and individuals and families. N Understanding the factors that lead impoverished immigrant children to overcome major obstacles, Major social and economic changes in Latin America including financial hardship and discrimination in the brought about by adoption of the neoliberal model of pursuit of educational and occupational excellence, is development have been documented in the recent the focus of Fernandez-Kelly’s study on exceptional research literature. Alejandro Portes and Bryan R. achievement in education and employment among Roberts (University of Texas-Austin) ask to what extent immigrant children. Although there are many studies such changes have affected the character of popular about the normative effects of poverty on minority collective mobilizations in major cities of the region. populations, this is the first attempt to understand They present data from six recent field studies in major exceptions by focusing on family and school dynamics. Latin American cities that identify goals pursued by The study, supported by the Mellon Foundation, contemporary popular movements and organizations entailed 64 in-depth interviews in Miami, Florida, and the strategies they adopt to achieve them. These and San Diego, California, with immigrant children studies provide an overview of how urban society has and their parents. As a sequel to the study, a conference reacted to the constraints, crises, and opportunities was held that brought together a small group of top brought about by the new model of development and specialists and four youngsters (interviewed the year cast light on what has changed and what remains the before as part of the study) to serve as discussants; a same in determinants of popular collective demand- book-length manuscript on the study is in progress. making in major metropolitan areas. Additional research on the family- and school-related factors that enable vulnerable children to succeed is Social Inequality Racial inequities in health are part of the history of the planned for 2008. United States. Some of the largest racial differentials in N health are observed between blacks and whites, with Under the auspices of the Robert Wood Johnson black infant mortality rates being approximately twice Foundation, Fernández-Kelly is participating in a study as great as those of whites and life expectancy at birth of the institutional dimensions of health-care provision being roughly six years lower for blacks than for whites. to immigrants. How do health-care providers organize Research has consistently speculated that much of to meet the needs of populations most of whose the black-white difference in health is attributable to members are poor, uninsured, and with limited English socioeconomic differences between races, and not to proficiency? This is the main question the project aims other factors like discrimination. It is often assumed to answer. She recently completed ethnographic research that race-based health inequalities will shrink as on 12 clinics and hospitals in San Diego County. The socioeconomic disparities between races shrink, with

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socioeconomic disparities declining as a result of the expectancy decreased for many years after 1945, and the Civil Rights Movement. Scott Lynch is currently strong correlation between income and life-expectancy investigating (1) whether race-based health inequalities might lead us to hope that economic growth will have decreased over the last 30 years, (2) whether improve people’s health as well as their material socioeconomic status-based health inequalities have living conditions. Deaton argues that the apparent decreased over the same period, and (3) whether an convergence in life expectancies is not as beneficial as increasing or decreasing proportion of the race-gap might appear, and that, while economic growth is the in health inequality is explained by remaining key to poverty reduction, there is no evidence that it socioeconomic inequalities between blacks and whites. will deliver automatic health improvements in the Results indicate that race-based health inequalities have, absence of appropriate conditions. The strong negative in fact, decreased over the last 30 years, while correlation between economic growth on the one hand socioeconomic status-based health inequalities—by and the proportionate rate of decline of infant and child some measures—have increased. At the same time, an mortality on the other vanishes altogether if we look at increasing, and not decreasing, proportion of the the relationship between growth and the absolute rate remaining black-white gap in health is attributable to of decline in infant and child mortality. In effect, the non-economic factors. correlation is between the level of infant mortality and N the growth of real incomes, most likely reflecting the importance of factors such as education and the quality Angus Deaton is currently working on measuring of institutions that affect both health and growth. price levels around the world, with the specific aim of N obtaining more accurate measures of global poverty and inequality. Deaton’s Poverty in the World and in Anne Case and Angus Deaton present a descriptive India project looks at how to measure poverty, with a account of health and economic status in India and particular focus on the poverty counts in the world, South Africa—countries in very different positions in particularly the number of people living on less than a the international hierarchy of life expectancy and dollar (or two dollars) a day. The world poverty counts income. Their research emphasizes the lack of any are constructed by the World Bank, and there are many simple and reliable relationship between health and issues concerning what they mean, whether they are wealth between and within their sites in rural reliable, and whether they might be improved. There Rajasthan, in a shack township outside of Cape Town, has also been recent debate about why there has been and in a rural South African site that, until 1994, was so much growth in the world, and so little poverty part of a Bantustan. Income levels across the sites are reduction. The answer to this puzzle lies in deep roughly in the ratio of 4:2:1, with urban South Africa contradictions between the data sources used to richest and rural Rajasthan poorest, while ownership of measure growth and those used to measure poverty. durable goods, often used as a short-cut measure or Indian poverty is measured using a series of household check of living standards, are in the ratio of 3:2:1. surveys, run by India’s National Sample Survey (NSS). These differences in economic status are reflected in The results of these surveys have been subject to intense respondents’ own reports of financial status. People debate in recent years. There are also significant questions know that they are poor, but appear to adapt their about the appropriateness of the poverty lines used by expectations to local conditions, at least to some the Government of India. Finally, the Indian consumer extent. The South Africans are taller and heavier than price indexes used in the poverty calculations have also the Indians—although their children are no taller at the been questioned. same age. South African self-assessed physical and N mental health is no better, and South Africans are more likely to report that they have to miss meals for lack of Angus Deaton explores facts, interpretations, and policies money. In spite of differences in incomes across the in global patterns of income and health. People in poor three sites, South Africans and Indians report a very countries live shorter lives than people in rich countries similar list of symptoms of ill-health. Although they so that, if we scale income by some index of health, have much lower incomes, urban women in South there is more inequality in the world than if we consider Africa have fully caught up with black American income alone. Such international inequalities in life

40 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 women in the prevalence of obesity, and are catching live longer. They reviewed the determinants of these up in terms of hypertension. These women have the patterns over history, over countries, and across groups misfortune to be experiencing many of the diseases of within countries. While there is no consensus about affluence without experiencing affluence itself. the causal mechanisms, they tentatively identify the N application of scientific advance and technical progress (some of which is induced by income and facilitated by Anne Case and Christina Paxson looked at height, education) as the ultimate determinant of health. Such ability, and labor market outcomes with regard to an explanation allows a consistent interpretation of the stature and status. It has long been recognized that taller historical, cross-country, and within-country evidence. adults hold jobs of higher status and, on average, earn They downplay direct causal mechanisms running from more than other workers. A large number of hypotheses income to health. have been put forward to explain the association N between height and earnings. In developed countries, researchers have emphasized factors such as self esteem, Angus Deaton and Princeton researchers Carlos Bozzoli social dominance, and discrimination. Case and Paxson and Climent Quintana-Domeque investigated the offer a simpler explanation: on average, taller people childhood determinants of adult height in populations, earn more because they are smarter. As early as age focusing on the respective roles of income and of 3—before schooling has had a chance to play a role— disease. They developed a model of selection and and throughout childhood, taller children perform scarring, in which the early life burden of nutrition significantly better on cognitive tests. The correlation and disease is not only responsible for mortality in between height in childhood and adulthood is childhood, but also leaves a residue of long-term health approximately 0.7 for both men and women, so that risks for survivors, risks that express themselves in adult tall children are much more likely to become tall adults. height, as well as in late-life disease. Across a range of As adults, taller individuals are more likely to select into European countries and the United States, they found a higher paying occupations that require more advanced strong inverse relationship between post-neonatal (one verbal and numerical skills and greater intelligence, for month to one year) mortality, interpreted as a measure which they earn handsome returns. Using four data sets of the disease and nutritional burden in childhood, and from the United States and the United Kingdom, Case the mean height of those children as adults. In pooled and Paxson found that the height premium in adult birth-cohort data over 30 years for the United States earnings can be explained by childhood scores on and 11 European countries, post-neonatal mortality in cognitive tests. Furthermore, hey show that taller adults the year of birth accounts for more than 60 percent of select into occupations that have higher cognitive skill the combined cross-country and cross-cohort variation requirements and lower physical skill demands. in adult heights. The estimated effects are smaller N but remain significant once they allowed for country and birth-cohort effects. In the poorest and highest Mortality rates have fallen dramatically over time, mortality countries of the world, there is evidence that starting in a few countries in the 18th century, and child mortality is positively associated with adult continuing to fall today. In just the past century, life height. That selection should dominate scarring at expectancy has increased by over 30 years. At the same high mortality levels, and scarring dominate selection time, mortality rates remain much higher in poor at low mortality levels, is consistent with the model for countries, with a difference in life expectancy between reasonable values of its parameters. rich and poor countries of also about 30 years. This N difference persists despite the remarkable progress in health improvement in the last half century, at least Carey Cooper, with University of Texas researchers until the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Looking at both time- Kristin Neff and Althea Woodruff, uses two studies series and cross-section data, Angus Deaton, Adriana to examine children and adolescents’ developing Lleras-Muney, and David Cutler (Harvard University) perceptions of gender inequality. The first study found a strong correlation between income per capita examined perceptions of inequality among 272 early, and mortality rates, a correlation that also exists middle, and late adolescents, focusing on the spheres within countries, where richer, better-educated people of politics, business, and the home. Results indicated an

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age-related increase in perceptions of male dominance. preferences. Abolishing the system would decrease Men were seen to have more power and status in the percentage of admitted Hispanics and African- politics than in business, while relative equality was Americans, have relatively little effect on the percentage seen to exist in the home. The second study included of white students admitted, and would increase the 96 child and adolescent participants aged 7-15, and acceptance rate of Asian-American students by a third, once again found an increase in general perceptions of from almost 18 percent to more than 23 percent. male dominance with age. Results suggest that young The authors based their work on models previously children are less explicitly aware of gender inequality developed in a 2004 study where they looked at more than might be assumed given their extensive knowledge than 124,000 elite university applicants’ SAT scores, of power-loaded gender role stereotypes. Their paper is race, sex, citizenship, athletic ability and legacy in set to be published in Social Development. combination with their admission decision. Both N studies are part of the multidimensional National Study of College Experience. The National Study of College Experience, funded N by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, examines the changing demographic and socioeconomic Thomas Espenshade continued work on the Campus characteristics of minority students at 10 academically Life in America Student Survey project (CLASS), selective colleges and universities in the United States. funded by the Ford Foundation, with new project Institutional data has been gathered on three entering manager, Princeton sociology graduate student Donnell cohorts of students (1983, 1993, and 1997), and this Butler. This project has collected survey data from information has been supplemented with other extant 12,000 freshmen and juniors at six participating data on high school characteristics, neighborhood institutions (Princeton University, Emory University, characteristics, and family financial situation. A survey University of Miami, Michigan State University, with more than 9,000 respondents about family UCLA, and Portland State University) as well as pro- demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and grammatic and policy data directly from the institutions the extent of social interaction on campus was finally themselves. Student data have addressed engagement completed. Using these data, Thomas Espenshade, in and satisfaction with campus diversity, extent of sociology graduate student Alexandria Walton Radford, social interaction, and academic underperformance. and statistical programmer and data archivist Chang These data will be linked with institutional practices Chung have been working on the completion of a book to understand what campus administrators can do to manuscript on the racial and social class dimensions of maximize the educational benefits of diversity. The elite college admission and campus life. Their research CLASS project research team presented findings from on college admissions is being used as evidence in the baseline survey data at two conferences in 2006: support of Asian Yale freshman Jian Li’s federal civil “Coming Back and Looking Forward: A Princeton rights complaint filed against Princeton for rejecting University Conference for Black Princeton Alumni,” his application for admission, claiming the University and “Kaleidoscope: An Alumni Conference on Race discriminated against him because he is Asian. Their and Community at Princeton.” In addition, aggregate article, published in Social Science Quarterly in June data from the baseline survey were provided to the 2005, was on the list of the top ten most downloaded Princeton Alumni Weekly for a recent story concerning articles of 2006 for the journal. The study concluded diversity on the Princeton University campus. that removing consideration of race would have little Espenshade and Butler secured an additional two years effect on white students, but that Asian students would of funding from the Ford Foundation for Phase II of fill nearly four out of every five places in admitted the CLASS project. This funding will permit a second classes that are currently taken by African-American or wave of data collection from current juniors in college Hispanic students. Espenshade and Chung’s article, who completed the initial questionnaire when they based on applications over three years to “three highly were freshman in fall 2004. Supplemental funding selective private research universities,” concluded that also provides resources for data analysis, the end project Asian-Americans suffer the most from race sensitive of which is expected to be a book-length manuscript.

42 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

The CLASS project team will continue analyzing project manager organized a data booth at both the the existing cross-sectional baseline data and begin a American Sociological Association and the Population longitudinal analysis of the follow-up survey data. In Association of America annual meetings. 2008, the project will begin outreach and dissemination N efforts to provide empirical evidence on the educational Massey is developing a research project, presently benefits of diversity for public discourse and higher under review, to evaluate the effects of affordable education administrators who are assessing or developing housing projects in suburban areas, focusing on the their diversity plans. More information about the Mt. Laurel housing project in New Jersey. The proposed Campus Life in America Student Survey project can research will systematically assess the effects of the be found at http://class.princeton.edu/. housing project on the surrounding community and N conduct a controlled statistical analysis of the effect In the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen of the move to the suburbs on project residents (NLSF), Douglas Massey joined with co-investigator themselves. Combining a sample of project residents Camille Charles of the University of Pennsylvania together with a sample matched using propensity score to follow a cohort of first-time freshman at selective methods that contains people who applied for but did colleges and universities through their college careers. not get into the Mt. Laurel development, the project Equal numbers of whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians seeks to conduct a quasi-experimental evaluation of were sampled as they entered each of 28 participating neighborhood effects on social and economic outcomes. schools in the fall of 1999, yielding roughly 4,000 N respondents who were followed and re-interviewed in Alan Krueger continued his research on education, spring of 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003. The initial extending the evaluation of the New York City Voucher response rate was 85 percent, and successive follow-up experiment and extending previous work with Stacy rates ranged from 95 percent in the first follow-up to Dale (Andrew W. Mellon Foundation) on the effect of 80 percent in the last. The first book based on the data, attending a highly selective college. Another project The Source of the River, examined the social, economic, with Steve Levitt (University of Chicago), Susan Athey academic, and demographic origins of different (Harvard University), Jim Poterba (MIT), and Larry racial/ethnic groups upon entry into college and how Katz (Harvard University) studies predictors of graduate background differences affected early performance in student placement at top five economics departments. college. Later work has explored the role of segregation, Krueger also launched a major project to improve stereotype threat, and immigrant origins in determining government statistics, which will involve a dozen or so minority college performance, resulting in numerous papers that evaluate different aspects of important papers. Charles, Massey, Mary J. Fischer (University of government statistical indicators. Connecticut) and Margarita Mooney completed a book N manuscript based on Waves 2 and 3 of the NLSF data entitled Taming the River: Negotiating the Academic, Joshua Goldstein began a new project that included a Financial, and Social Currents in Selective Colleges and global survey of inequality and marriage, a preliminary Universities. Upon completion of this manuscript, version of which finds that the pattern of less marriage which is currently under review at Princeton University among the less well off seen in the United States is Press, Waves 2 and 3 of the data were made publicly found throughout the world, with the notable exception available. Over 100 outside users have registered to use of France and French-speaking Canada. the data. Two articles written using NLSF data received N coverage in , which The Chronicle of Higher Education Over an eight-year period, Katherine Newman followed then led to subsequent national media coverage of the the movements of low wage workers who began their articles’ findings. One of these articles dealt with black careers flipping burgers in fast food shops. In Chutes immigrants and black natives at selective colleges and and Ladders: Navigating the Low Wage Labor Market, universities and the other compared the academic published in 2006, she focused on their pathways effects of affirmative action for minorities, athletes through the labor market as it tightened up in the late and legacies. To give greater exposure to this data, the 1990s and the early part of this decade. These workers,

Princeton University 43 OPR Research

first chronicled in her 1999 book, No Shame in My to work in Brazil, Britain, Denmark, France, Germany, Game, fanned out into high flyers who are no longer India, Ireland, Japan, Italy, Norway, Spain, or The poor at all and low riders who remain locked in bad Netherlands. The international exchange of ideas also jobs and sporadic contact with the TANF (Temporary extends to research scholars from the participating Assistance for Needy Families) system. Based largely on centers through conferences and individual seminars to her ethnographic research over an eight-year period, present their work as well. The program is supported by Newman also provided an analysis of the SIPP survey the Princeton Institute for International and Regional that examined the same kind of workers (minorities Studies and the Woodrow Wilson School. from poor households in the food industry) over the N same time period and discerns much the same patterns Devah Pager investigates discrimination in low wage of mobility. The Missing Class: The Near Poor Experience labor markets by hiring young men—who differ only in Modern America (with Victor Tan Chen, Harvard by race, ethnicity, or criminal background—to pose University) due out in 2007, analyzes the conditions as job applicants, presenting identical qualifications to of the near poor, a population that has been largely employers for real entry level jobs. Pager’s research neglected by social scientists and journalists. They are shows substantial evidence of discrimination, with black the American families whose household incomes are men receiving call-backs or job offers at only half the 100-200% of the poverty line. While the real poor rate of equally qualified whites. In fact, a young black often suffer from social isolation and concentrated man with a clean record does no better in his search poverty, the near poor are considerably better off but for low wage work than a white man with a felony still vulnerable to downward mobility. They are subjected conviction. Is discrimination still considered a problem to relative deprivation more than concentrated poverty; in America? Only a third of white Americans today they often experience high levels of debt in pursuit of a believe that discrimination is an important explanation standard of living they aspire to, but cannot afford; for why blacks do worse in income, housing, and jobs. their children may not repeat their good fortune Large-scale field experiments show otherwise. because they are left unsupervised while their parents N are working and fail standardized tests since they lack adult help that the school system depends on. Pager and Bruce Western investigated the barriers N to employment facing young men with criminal backgrounds. They found that ex-offenders are only Katherine Newman continues as the director of one-half to one-third as likely to be considered by Princeton’s Global Network on Inequality, a employers relative to equally qualified men with no collaborative project with Harvard University’s criminal background. These findings have troubling Inequality and Social Policy program. The focus of implications: With over two million individuals the program is on inequality, highlighting the recent currently incarcerated, and over half a million being spread of disparities in income, education attainment, released each year, the consequences for new forms of and health in both advanced industrial societies as well labor market inequalities are potentially profound. as developing nations. The program encourages and N facilitates the placement of Princeton doctoral students in the social sciences with interests in questions of Bruce Western looks at how politics affect social inequality in overseas institutes that have agreed to inequality. Do political institutions influence the social provide space, intellectual mentorship, data sets, and and economic circumstances of the disadvantaged in fieldwork opportunities. Fellowships for these graduate America and abroad? Western explores this issue by students in the social sciences are provided to conduct studying the economic and family life of men who research abroad for two months, affording them have been to prison. He traces the tremendous growth the benefit of working with faculty from different in the American penal system over the last 30 years to a intellectual traditions. The new network consists of 17 historic collision between the forces of political reaction research institutes and university departments across to the civil rights movement and the emergence of a Western Europe and Japan, with more countries chronically jobless class of young African American planned for the future. Currently, students may choose men. High rates of incarceration contribute significantly

44 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 to unemployment and low rates of marriage in the poor Western reveals a strong relationship between urban communities that supply most of the nation’s incarceration and severely dampened economic prisons and jails. Because so many poor black men are prospects for former inmates. He finds that because now sent to prison and jail, and because incarceration of their involvement in the penal system, young black reduces employment and disrupts families, we can men hardly benefited from the economic boom of the understand the penal system to have transformed the 1990s. Those who spent time in prison had much landscape of race and poverty in America. lower wages and employment rates than did similar N men without criminal records. The losses from mass incarceration spread to the social sphere as well, leaving Western’s study of penal inequality is motivated by one out of ten young black children with a father the astonishing increase in the size of the prison behind bars by the end of the 1990s, thereby helping population over the last twenty years. The American perpetuate the damaging cycle of broken families, penal population has tripled since 1980 to now include poverty, and crime. about two million largely young, minority, economically disadvantaged men. Western’s project documents trends The recent explosion of imprisonment is exacting in penal inequality and links variation in incarceration heavy costs on American society and exacerbating rates to inter-state variation in inequality and criminal inequality. Whereas college or the military were once justice policy. Although the connection between the the formative institutions in young men’s lives, scale of imprisonment and inequality is a longstanding prison has increasingly usurped that role in many theme in the sociology of punishment, his project will communities. Punishment and Inequality in America also estimate the proximate effects of stiff sentences for profiles how the growth in incarceration came about drug offenders and those with felony records. A key and the toll it is taking on the social and economic conjecture for this research is that inequality exerts no fabric of many American communities. direct effect on incarceration but is instead mediated by N shifts in criminal justice policy. The project will also Marta Tienda continued work on The Texas Higher provide estimates of the aggregate effects on inequality Education Opportunity Project (THEOP), which is a of the earnings loss suffered by inmates after release. multi-year study that investigates college planning and This final step in the analysis examines the hypothesis enrollment behavior under a policy that guarantees that punitive shifts in criminal justice policy may admission to any Texas public college or university to sustain economic inequality. high school seniors who graduate in the top decile of N their class. Researchers at OPR who worked on this In Western’s new book, Punishment and Inequality project include Marta Tienda, the principal investigator, in America, he dispels many of the myths about and Sunny Niu, Tad Domina, Kalena Cortes, and the relationships among crime, imprisonment, and Dawn Koffman. The study collected administrative data inequality. Western explores the recent era of mass on applications, admissions and enrollment from 12 incarceration and the serious social and economic colleges and universities in the state that differ in the consequences it has wrought. For some racial and selectivity of their admissions, and conducted a two- educational groups, incarceration has become a cohort longitudinal survey of sophomores and seniors depressingly regular experience, and prison culture who were enrolled in Texas public schools as of spring, and influence pervade their communities. Almost 60 2002. A random sample of 5,836 respondents from the percent of black male high school drop-outs in their senior cohort were re-interviewed (Wave 2) one year early thirties have spent time in prison. While many after graduating from high school to ascertain their people support the increase in incarceration because of actual college enrollment status. Wave 3 of the project recent reductions in crime, Western shows that the is currently underway, where the senior cohort are decrease in crime rates in the 1990s was mostly fueled being reinterviewed, when a large majority of them who by growth in city police forces and the pacification of attended college are juniors and seniors. A random sample the drug trade. Getting tougher on crime with longer of the sophomore cohort was re-interviewed during sentences only explains about 10 percent of the fall in their senior year to record their progress in high school, crime, but has come at a significant cost. their college plans, and changes in other circumstances.

Princeton University 45 OPR Research

A list of findings that have been published using this N data can be found at the THEOP website at Tienda and Sunny Xinchun Niu examined the http://www.texastop10.princeton.edu/published.html. methodological and substantive implications of using Available public-use data sets are accessible through the merit (class rank) and socioeconomic (high school OPR Data Archive at http://opr.princeton.edu/archive/. strata) to define college choice sets. Using the Texas data As part of its mission to promote scholarship in higher as a case study, their results showed that criteria used to education, THEOP hosted a seminar at Princeton constrain choice sets—and type of high school attended University’s Office of Population Research in August in particular—not only produced quite different post- 2006, where small grant awardees convened with secondary institutional profiles, but also different project staff and research collaborators to present estimates of institutional attributes on students’ findings from interim reports based on the survey and top choice. These findings have methodological administrative data. For more information on the implications for future research about college choice seminar, visit http://theop.princeton.edu/conference/. and substantive importance for the prospects that the Texas top ten percent law, which guarantees automatic N admission to students who graduate in the top decile Using THEOP data, Tad Domina looked at higher of their high school class, will equalize access to the education policy as secondary school reform. The higher state’s competitive public institutions. education diversity programs that Texas enacted after the Hopwood decision banned affirmative action had Tienda and Niu also showed that high levels of residential unexpected positive consequences for the state’s high and school segregation facilitated minority enrollment schools. The Texas top ten percent law, the Longhorn at selective public institutions under the uniform and Century Scholarships, and the TEXAS Grants admission law because black and Hispanic students who Program each explicitly linked postsecondary ranked at the top of their class disproportionately hailed opportunities to high school performance and clearly from minority-dominant schools. However, rather than articulated that link to students across the state. As a segregation per se, qualifying minority students’ lower result, these programs worked as K-16 school reforms, likelihood of college enrollment at the flagships reflects using college opportunities as incentives to improve concentrated disadvantage. educational outcomes at the high school level. Using N panel data describing Texas high schools between 1993 Meredith Kleykamp used THEOP and other data and 2002, Domina demonstrated that Texas’ post- sources to question what factors are associated with Hopwood high education policies redistributed college- joining the military after high school rather than related activity at public high school and boosted high attending college, joining the civilian labor force or school students’ academic engagement. doing some other activity. Three areas of influence N on military enlistment are highlighted: educational The association between school racial composition goals, the institutional presence of the military in and students’ expectations to graduate from a four communities, and race and socioeconomic status. The year college was explored by Michelle Bellessa Frost, analysis used data from a recent cohort of high school using THEOP data. In addition to the individual graduates from the state of Texas, when the U.S. is at characteristics of students that have been repeatedly war, and employs multinomial logistic regression to shown to influence educational goals, her results model the correlates of post-high school choice of indicated that both school socioeconomic level and activity in this cohort. Results confirmed the hypothesis achievement composition are related to expectations. that a higher military institutional presence increases The results also suggested the counterintuitive finding the odds of enlisting in the military relative to enrolling that in similar schools, students in schools with greater in college, becoming employed, or doing some other concentrations of minority students are more likely activity after high school. to expect to attain a four-year college degree than Additionally, college aspirations were clearly associated are students in schools with lower proportions of with the decision to enroll in college versus enlist and minority students. also increase the odds of joining the military rather

46 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 than the civilian labor market, or remaining idle. Unlike previous studies, few racial and ethnic differences were found. According to this study, voluntary military enlistment during wartime is associated with college aspirations, lower socioeconomic status, and living in an area with a high military presence. N Niu, Tienda, and Kalena Cortes (Syracuse University), using THEOP data, addressed how institutional selectivity influenced college preferences and enrollment decisions of Texas seniors in the presence of a putatively race-neutral admissions policy – the top ten percent law. They analyzed a representative survey of Texas high school seniors who were then reinterviewed one year later to evaluate differences in selectivity of college preferences and enrollment decisions according to three criteria targeted by the new admissions law: high school type, class rank, and minority group status. Results based on conditional logit estimation produced three major conclusions. First, Texas seniors, and top decile graduates in particular, are highly responsive to institutional selectivity. Second, graduates from feeder and resource-affluent high schools are more likely, whereas their counterparts who graduate from resource- poor, Longhorn, or Century scholarship high schools are less likely, to choose selective institutions as their first preference. Both for first college preference and enrollment decisions, blacks and Hispanics are less likely than whites to opt for selective colleges. Third, although disparities in selectivity of college preferences by high school type and minority group status persist among top decile graduates, these do not carry into actual matriculation, a result that the researchers attributed to the selection regime governing application and enrollment decisions.

Princeton University 47 OPR PROFESSIONAL A CTIVITIES

Alicia Adsera is a Visiting Associate Professor at the valuable expertise for writing grant proposals and is Woodrow Wilson School; she is an Associate Professor expanding her role as a co-principal investigator with of Economics at the University of Illinois at Chicago, McLanahan on several Fragile Families projects involving and a Research Fellow of the IZA Institute for the early childhood. Study of Labor in Bonn, Germany. Her interests are in Donnell Butler works with Thomas Espenshade as the economic demography, development and international project director for the Campus Life in America political economy. Her recent work focuses on how Alicia Adsera Student Survey. He is also currently a doctoral student differences in local labor market institutions and in Princeton’s sociology department, the data analyst economic conditions are related to fertility and house- for the Princeton University Program in Teacher hold formation decisions in OECD (and most recently Preparation, and the forum coordinator and evaluation Latin American) countries. She is also interested in specialist for the Princeton University Preparatory differential labor market attachment and performance Program. He has presented papers at various academic of migrants across European countries. and professional association meetings on a wide range Jeanne Altmann, a faculty associate of the Office of topics including, campus race relations, classroom Jeanne Altmann of Population Research and of the Princeton diversity, intersectional analysis of college enrollment Environmental Institute, is Chair of the Scientific patterns, energy poverty, and energy assistance programs. Advisory Committee, Integrated Nonhuman Primate Marcia Carlson is Associate Professor in the School of Biomaterials and Information Resource (IPBIR), and Social Work at Columbia University and Visiting she is a member of the Editorial Board for Animal Research Collaborator at OPR. Her primary research Behavior. Her research program focuses on the interaction interests center on the linkages between family contexts among behavior, ecology, physiology, and genetic structure, and the wellbeing of children and parents, including the Elizabeth and on the implication of this interaction for evolution effects of relevant public policies. With funding from an Armstrong and adaptation to changing environments. NICHD grant, her most recent work is focused on Elizabeth Armstrong serves as the Director for the couple relationship quality, union formation, and father Certificate in Health and Health Policy program. She is involvement among unmarried parents using data from also a member of the MPA Admissions Committee and the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. She MPA Program Committee. She is an Expert Committee received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the University Member, Physicians for Reproductive Choice and of Michigan in 1999 and completed a postdoctoral Health, Committee on the Status of the Fetus, and fellowship at the Center for Research on Child Jeanne Brooks-Gunn Health Policy Chair, Medical Sociology Section, of the Wellbeing from 1999 to 2001. American Sociological Association. Her interests are Anne Case continues to serve as the Director of sociology of medicine, history of medicine and public Princeton’s Research Program in Development Studies health, biomedical ethics, population health, sociology at the Woodrow Wilson School. Her research interests of pregnancy. include microeconomic foundations of development, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn is a Visiting Research health economics, public finance, and labor economics. Collaborator working with Sara McLanahan in the In 2006, she presented lectures at numerous conferences Donnell Butler Center for Research on Child Wellbeing. She is Virginia and universities in the United States, Europe, and South and Leonard Marx Professor of Child Development Africa. She is currently an editor of the Journal of and Education at Teachers College, Columbia Development Economics, and a member of the executive University. Brooks-Gunn’s participation has been committee of the American Economic Association. critical to the formation of child development aspects Chang Chung, as data archivist, serves the demographic of research to be undertaken by the new center. As a and larger community in preserving, disseminating, developmental psychologist, Brooks-Gunn serves as and facilitating the sharing of demographic data. He is consultant to and trainer of in-house researchers, faculty, actively involved in the release/updates of public use Marcia Carlson and students in areas of child development. She provides data from latest major research projects including 48 Office of Population Research Mexican Migration Project (MMP), the Latin American American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Deaton’s Migration Project (LAMP), New Immigrant Survey Letter from America appears every six months in the (NIS), the Texas Higher Education Opportunity Project Royal Economic Society’s Newsletter. Deaton continues Anne Case (THEOP), and the National Longitudinal Survey of work on National Institute on Aging grants about Freshmen (NLSF). Chung is active in the statistical health and aging. analysis software (SAS) user community, leading a Michelle DeKlyen participated in a forum “Out of the local user’s group (New Jersey SAS Users Group) and Shadows: Exploring the Barriers to Mental Health giving presentations at the national and regional user Prevention and Treatment” held at the National Press conferences Club in Washington, D.C., in September. It was co- Chang Chung Amy Love Collins, a postdoctoral research associate, sponsored by the American Public Health Association, received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from Community Voices: Healthcare for the Underserved, Boston College in 2006. With funding from the the National Center for Primary Care, and the Kaiser American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), she Foundation. DeKlyen has been asked to serve on completed her dissertation research on the role of Newark, New Jersey Mayor Cory Booker’s Council on daily activities in the psychological well-being of older Family Success, and to co-chair its Outcomes adults. An article based on her dissertation research is Subcommittee`, whose purpose will be to identify metrics currently under review. She also assisted in a report on for assessing the success of his ambitious efforts to Amy Love Collins the psychology of aging published by the National improve the well-being of families and children in Academies of Science. At OPR, she is working on Newark. The New Jersey chapter of the World several projects with Noreen Goldman examining Association for Infant Mental Health named DeKlyen personality, emotions and health using a population to its advisory board. DeKlyen also serves on the based sample of older adults in Taiwan. Editorial Board of the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, frequently reviewing articles for that and Carey Cooper presented research at the annual other journals meetings of the Population Association of America, Carey Cooper the American Educational Research Association, and Gniesha Dinwiddie, a postdoctoral research associate, the Southwest Educational Research Association and received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the University the biennial meetings of the Society for Research on of Pennsylvania in 2006. Her dissertation used longitu- Adolescence and the Society for Research in Human dinal data to investigate the underlying social causes Development. Other professional activities included of health disparities by examining how stratification reviewing for the annual meeting of the Southwest shapes social experiences that condition stress exposure Education Research Association. Cooper’s work as a differently for racial/ethnic groups. At OPR, she Angus Deaton postdoctoral research associate with Sara McLanahan continues her research on population health by using a and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn at CRCW draws on data bio-social perspective to investigate the relationship from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study between stratification, dysregulation of physiological to examine family structure change and maternal systems related to the stress response, and disparities in parenting trajectories. mental and physical health for older adults. She also uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen to Angus Deaton is a member of the World Bank’s examine educational trajectories of minority students at Research Observer Editorial Board and its Chief selective colleges and universities. Michelle DeKlyen Economist’s Advisory Council. He also serves on the World Bank’s Technical Advisory Groups for Thurston Domina works with Marta Tienda as a International Price Comparisons. Deaton delivered the postdoctoral research associate on the Texas Higher Terence Gorman memorial lectures at University college, Education Opportunity Project (THEOP). He has London, the Gale Johnson memorial lecture at the collaborated on projects studying Hispanic college University of Chicago, the WIDER Annual Lecture at enrollment patterns and measuring high school dropout the UN University in Helsinki, the Harvard Economics rates at the school level. In addition, he has undertaking All Department Lecture, and numerous regular seminars a study of the unintended consequences that Texas’s Gniesha and talks at Princeton University. He is a Fellow of the recent higher education policies have held for the state’s Dinwiddie Econometric Society, of the British Academy, and of the Princeton University 49 OPR Professional Activities

high schools. In the past year, he presented papers at the Aging Study). During the past year, she presented Eastern Sociological Society meetings, the Population seminars at the University of Chicago, UCLA, Association of America, the THEOP summer seminar, UC-Berkeley, the University of Washington and the as well as delivering invited lectures at several universities. University of Pennsylvania on linkages among biomarkers, stress, and health. She also presented her Thomas Espenshade is a member of the Working research at a National Academy of Sciences meeting Group on Education and Migration, International in D.C., a biodemography workshop in Moscow, Thurston Migration Program, Social Science Research Council, Domina and the PAA meeting in New York. as well as a member of the Panel to Evaluate Microsimulation Models for Social Welfare Programs, Joshua Goldstein, while on leave, was appointed Committee on National Statistics, National Research Visiting Scholar at the Vienna Institute for Council, National Academy of Sciences. His past Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, research has concentrated on social demography, with Austria and appointed Visiting Scholar at the a particular emphasis on population economics, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, mathematical demography, family and household Laxenburg, Austria. In 2006, Goldstein gave seminars Thomas J. demography, and contemporary immigration to the at Columbia University and presented papers at the Espenshade United States. His current research is focused on International Union for the Scientific Study of diversity in higher education (NSCE, National Study Population in Rauischholzhausen, Germany and also of College Experience) and Campus Life in America at Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Student Survey, Phase II. Rostock, Germany. Goldstein is a member of the Committee on Population (CPOP), National Academy Patricia Fernández-Kelly serves as the organizer for of Sciences and a member of the Scientific Review the Colloquium Series, Center for Migration and Board of Demographic Research. Goldstein continues Development, as well as editor of the Center’s official Patricia as Princeton’s Representative to New York Census Data Fernández-Kelly research briefs, Points of Migration and Points of Center and Project review committee. Development. She is also the organizer of the Scholars in Residence Program for the New Jersey State Prison Jean Grossman was on the Board of the journal, The where she teaches courses in sociology and facilitates the Future of Children, and was President of the Board of collaboration between inmates and Princeton University Trustees of Princeton Youth Achievers, a community students in the production of InsideOut, an educational based after-school enrichment program in Princeton. magazine. Fernández-Kelly serves on the advisory She was on the research advisory group for the evaluation boards and committees of the People of America of Experience Corps, a program of seniors helping Noreen Goldman Foundation and the Latin America Legal Defense and children in schools. She also is helping Big Brothers Big Education fund. She has been a member of editorial Sisters of America develop an evaluation system. She boards for the American Sociological Review, Signs: gave presentations at the Center for Summer Learning’s A Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Diaspora: conference and at Big Brothers Big Sisters National A Journal of Transnational Studies, and Urban 2006 Conference. She also participated in the 2006 Anthropology. She delivered numerous papers and meeting of the Evaluation Round Table, an association addresses on the themes gender and development, of evaluator directors of foundations nation-wide, Joshua R. transnationalism, migration and urbanization, ethnicity, discussing the difficulties of conducting community- Goldstein and inequality at such institutions such as Johns based evaluations. Hopkins, University of Tennessee, University of Barbara Heyns, a Visiting Scholar, is Professor of Pennsylvania, William Paterson University, Brown Sociology at New York University. She has an M.A. University, and University of California at Irvine. and a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, and has Noreen Goldman is Director of Graduate Studies of also taught at Harvard University and at the University the Program in Population and will be Acting Director of California at Berkeley. She has held visiting of OPR in the fall of 2007. She just completed the appointments at Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Jean Grossman second round of fieldwork of a national survey in Bremen University in Germany, the University of Taiwan (the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Warsaw in Poland, and at the European University

50 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Institute in Florence. The bulk of her research focuses family context of the early years of childhood and its on education and social policy. At present, she is implications for children’s health, and their cognitive completing a long-term project on the organization and emotional development. In 2006 she was awarded and delivery of professional services for children. an OBE (Order of the British Empire) for services to Social Science. John Hobcraft, a Visiting Scholar, is Professor of Social Policy and Demography and co-director of the Pamela Klebanov, Visiting Research Collaborator in

Centre for Research on Child Development and Well- the Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, is a Barbara Heyns Being at the University of York in the United Kingdom. Research Scientist at Teachers College, Columbia Hobcraft’s research interests include intergenerational University. Klebanov is an associate of Jeanne Brooks- and lifecourse pathways to adult social exclusion, Gunn of Columbia University and works in conjunction understanding human reproductive and partnership with Sara McLanahan and Brooks-Gunn, representing behavior, the role of generations in human behavior, the center as an additional expert in early childhood population policies, especially sexual and reproductive development. Klebanov’s research interests include the health and rights, and understanding genetic, effects of neighborhood poverty upon children and evolutionary, mind, brain, and endocrinological families, the effects of parenting (maternal warmth John Hobcraft pathways and their interplays with behavior. He has toward the child and the provision of learning worked in policy formulation processes at the highest experiences in the home) upon children’s cognitive and international level in the United Nations, which resulted behavioral development, and the mechanisms through in an active participation with advocacy and assessment which poverty influences child development. of policies on reproductive health and empowerment Dawn Koffman, statistical programmer, works with for women. Marta Tienda on the “Texas Higher Education Joanna Kempner, a postdoctoral research associate, Opportunity Project (THEOP)” to collect, verify and Joanna Kempner comes to the CHW from the University of Michigan analyze admissions and student record data from nine where she was a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Texas universities. Koffman also provides programming Scholar in Health Policy. She holds a Ph.D. from the assistance for Charles Westoff in research areas that University of Pennsylvania. Her research investigates the include religion and fertility in Europe and use of intersection of gender with health and science policy. At contraception and abortion in Georgia, and for Thomas present, she is writing a book manuscript on migraine Espenshade for the Campus Life in America Student that examines the gendered social values embedded in Survey (CLASS project), a national study on diversity the way we talk about, understand, and make policies in higher education. In addition, she assists OPR Kathleen for people in pain. She is also completing a long-term postdoctoral fellows and graduate students with Stata Kiernan project on the politicization and suppression of contro- data management and graphics techniques, and versial NIH-funded health research. periodically presents workshops on these topics. Koffman is a member of the American Public Health Kathleen Kiernan, a Visiting Scholar with CRCW, is Association (APHA), the Association for Computing Professor of Social Policy and Demography and Co- Machinery (ACM), and the Institute of Electrical and Director of the Centre for Research on Child Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Development and Well-Being at the University of York. Previously she was Professor of Social Policy and Clemens Kroneberg, who received his diploma in Pamela Klebanov Demography at the London School of Economics and Social Sciences from the University of Mannheim, continues as a Co-Director of the ESRC Centre for Germany, in 2004, undertook a one-year research stay Analysis of Social Exclusion at LSE. Much of her at OPR with financial support of the German Academic research is in the realm of family demography using Exchange Service (DAAD). His research interests longitudinal data from the British Birth Cohort Studies include the adaptation of immigrants, theory of action, including the 1946, 1958, 1970 and the Millennium and social science methodology. He is working on a co- Cohort Study. She has also carried out a range of work authored paper that tests a new model of action in three Dawn Koffman using comparative data from a range of European different domains - the rescue of Jews in WWII, voter countries and the USA. Her current research is on the participation, and educational decisions. Kroneberg also

Princeton University 51 OPR Professional Activities

worked on ethnic inequalities in school performance in Gretchen Livingston, postdoctoral research associate, the United States. Finally, he is collaborating with Clemens continued her research looking at economic adaptation Kroneberg Andreas Wimmer, UCLA, on a game-theoretic model among Mexican immigrants in the United States. Her of social boundary-making. paper examining the marriage wage premium for immigrant men was accepted for presentation at the Alan Krueger continued as Director of Princeton’s 2006 Population Association of America conference, Survey Research Center. He served as the Chief and her research regarding the gendered returns to Economist of the National Council on Economic networks in the immigrant job searching process was Education and as a member of the Executive published in Population Research and Development Committee of the American Economic Association and Review. In addition, Livingston reviewed articles for Alan Krueger International Economic Association, and he served on the American Sociological Review, Social Forces, and the Boards of Directors of the Russell Sage Foundation Social Science Quarterly. and the American Institutes for Research. Krueger chaired the Economic Fellows Selection Committee for Adriana Lleras-Muney’s areas of interest are health the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and is a economics and applied microeconomics. Her research is member of the Brain Trust for the National Counter on the determinants of health outcomes, with a focus Terrorism Center. Krueger was also a Research Fellow, on the relationship between education and health. Her Mary Clare IZA, in Bonn, Germany. Krueger is the editor of the work has assessed how the expansion of secondary Lennon Journal of Economic Perspectives and a co-editor of the schooling in the first half of the 20th century affected Journal of the European Economic Association; he is also the education and health of those affected by the on the Board of Reviewing Editors of Science. Krueger expansion. Her current work is on the effect of and David Card were awarded the IZA Prize in Labor innovations in medical technology on health outcomes. Economics. He was also elected a fellow of the Society She gave presentations this past year at Harvard, Yale, of Labor Economists. Krueger was the Keynote Speaker the University of Virginia, RAND, Cast Western, the on education at Council of Chief State School Officers University of Chicago, and the Free University of Gretchen in Washington, DC, and he delivered speeches on the Amsterdam, among others. Livingston economics of terrorism at the Central Intelligence Scott Lynch Agency in Langley, VA and at Harvard University. lectured on Bayesian statistics at He also spoke at the SF Federal Reserve Bank on The Rutgers University and the American Sociological New, New Thing in Labor Economic. Krueger’s Association annual meeting in Montreal. He also spoke primary research and teaching interests are in the on education and health at the University of Wisconsin, general areas of labor economics, education, industrial Department of Sociology, and REVES (International relations, economics of terrorism, subjective well-being Network on Disability and Healthy Life Expectancy), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Lynch served as a member Adriana and social insurance. Lleras-Muney and is incoming chair of the Gerontological Society of Mary Clare Lennon, a Visiting Scholar, is Associate America student awards committee. Lynch organized Professor of Clinical Sociomedical Sciences in Columbia and chaired six sessions at the 2006 annual meeting of University's Mailman School of Public Health. She the Population Association of America and three earned her Ph.D. in sociology and a postdoctoral M.S. sessions at the 2006 annual meeting of the American degree in biostatistics from Columbia University. Sociological Association. He is a reviewer for the Most of her research examines the relation of gender Journal of Health and Social Behavior, American Journal to physical and mental health problems and their of Sociology, Social Forces, American Sociological Review, Scott Lynch treatment, with a focus on the roles of family and the Demography, Demographic Research, Population Studies, workplace. In recent years, her research interests have Sociological Methods & Research, Psychological Methods, focused on the well-being of low-income women and and The Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences. children. Her current project investigates dynamics of Douglas Massey family economic disadvantage and their consequences is a member of the National for child wellbeing and transitions to adulthood. Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. Doug Massey He is the current president of the American Academy

52 Office of Population Research of Political and Social Science, a member of the Caroline Moreau’s postdoctoral research focuses on Committee on National Statistics of the National contraceptive use patterns in France and the U.S. In Sara McLanahan Research Council, and co-editor of the Annual Review 2006, Moreau authored or co-authored six publications of Sociology. He also serves as Director of Graduate in medical and demographic journals. Three additional Studies in the Woodrow Wilson School. Massey’s articles are in press and two are under review. Her work research focuses on international migration, race and was also presented at the Association of Reproductive housing, discrimination, education, urban poverty, Health Professionals’ annual meeting. stratification, and Latin America, especially Mexico. Sunny Xinchun Niu, a postdoctoral research associate, Sara McLanahan is Director of the Center for works with Marta Tienda on the Texas Higher Sarah Meadows Research on Child Wellbeing and Editor-in-Chief of Education Opportunity Project. Using a longitudinal The Future of Children, a journal dedicated to providing survey of Texas high school seniors of 2002 to evaluate research and analysis to promote effective policies and the how changes in college admission criteria influence programs for children. McLanahan is a member of the student college-going decision making, she published MacArthur Network on the Family and the Economy, several papers in 2006 with co-authors Marta Tienda serves on the advisory board of the National Poverty and Kalena Cortes (Syracuse University). She also has Center, the Board of Trustees for the William T. Grant a several papers submitted for journal review and one Foundation and on the selection committee of the W.T. accepted for Population Association of American 2007 Margarita Grant Young Scholars Award. She was also appointed to Annual meeting. Mooney the National Advisory Committee for the Robert Wood Devah Pager Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholars. delivered lectures on discrimination at the New York City Council, Committee on Civil Sarah O. Meadows, a postdoctoral research associate Rights, in Sao Paolo, Brazil and in Cape Town, South at the Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, presented Africa. Pager spoke at the Vera Institute of Justice on papers at both the 2006 Annual Meeting of the barriers to employment facing minorities and ex-offenders. American Sociological Association as well as the 2006 She continues to serve on the advisory boards of Population Association of America Annual Meeting. The Prisoner Re-entry Institute, John Jay School of Caroline Moreau Other professional activities included invited lectures Criminal Justice and The National H.I.R.E. Network, at Rutgers University and the OPR Notestein Seminar Legal Action Center. In 2006, she was a mentor series. Her ongoing work examines the relationship for the National Institute of Mental Health, Career between family structure change and mental and Opportunity Research Program. Pager holds physical health trajectories of mothers and fathers using membership in the American Sociological Association the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. and the Population Association of America.

Margarita Mooney will begin a tenure-track position Christina Paxson continues as Director of the Center Sunny Xinchun Niu as Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University for Health and Wellbeing as well as serving as Associate of North Carolina-Chapel Hill in summer 2007. Chair of the Department of Economics at Princeton She presented her work at meetings of the Association University. She lectured at Columbia University and for the Sociology of Religion and the Society for the at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Scientific Study of Religion. As part of her postdoctoral She is a Senior Fellow of the Bureau for Research and work with Doug Massey on the National Longitudinal Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD), a Survey of Freshmen (NLSF), she co-authored articles Member of the Board of Directors, Center for Health that have appeared in Social Problems and American Care Strategies, a Senior Editor for the Future of Devah Pager Journal of Higher Education. She continues to serve on Children, on the Investigator Awards National Advisory the executive committee of the Center for Migration Committee, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, a and Development (CMD), and she organized the member of the Economics Review Panel, National CMD’s Working Group Series. Science Foundation, and a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Christina Paxson

Princeton University 53 OPR Professional Activities

Ceri Peach, Visiting Research Scholar, is Professor of coordinator in Mexico to develop yearly courses about Social Geography at Oxford University. Peach is a the projects’ databases usage and development. Her member of the Advisory Board of the Oxford Centre research is focused on the undocumented border crossing for Islamic Studies and the Oxford Centre for Hindu and the differences of first and second generation Studies. He served on the Office for Population migrants. Her latest research was presented at the Center Censuses and Surveys committee advising on the for Migration and Development Working Group. inclusion of a religion question on the UK Census. Ceri Peach Nancy Reichman is a Visiting Associate Professor in He has recently published a report for the Office of the the Department of Economics and a Visiting Research Deputy Prime Minister on Faith Communities in Collaborator at the Center for Research on Child England and Wales. His research interests are in urban Wellbeing. She is a health economist who holds an social geography, social, ethnic and religious segregation, appointment as associate professor in the Department intermarriage and dynamics of migration (UK, Europe of Pediatrics at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. and USA); he is critically examining claims of ghettoisation Her research focuses on the socioeconomic determi- in Britain. He recently completed an ESRC-funded nants and consequences of poor child health. She project on ethno-religio-linguistic sub-communities in Alejandro Portes recently served on an 8-member panel invited to review the British Muslim, Hindu, and Sikh communities. It the activities and operations of the Natality Statistics links his database on Muslim, Hindu, and Sikh places Program of the National Center for Health Statistics of of worship in England and Wales, completed as a the Centers for Disease Control. She has presented her millennium project, funded by the Leverhulme Trust, results on child and maternal health and birth outcomes with the 2001 Census data on ethnicity and religion. at conferences held at Madison, WI, Ann Arbor, MI, The Leverhulme survey photographed and collected Strasbourg, France, and Arlington, VA. data on religion, tradition, movements, vernacular language date of foundation and many other variable on Karen Pren Germán Rodríguez continues as Director of OPR’s nearly 1,000 places of worship. During his stay at OPR, Statistics and Computing Core. He developed and he worked on comparisons of U.K. and U.S. segregation continues to refine the web software used since 2002 by levels. While at Princeton, he was invited to Berlin by the Population Association of America (PAA) to manage the Brookings Institution to give a paper on the growth its annual meetings, including online submissions and of the Muslim population of Europe; the meeting was reviews. The system has also been used by the sponsored by the Washington Center for Strategic and International Union for the Scientific Study of International Studies and the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Population (IUSSP); this site is available in English, Nancy Reichman Politik, Berlin. French, and Spanish. Recently the European Association for Population Studies (EAPS) adopted his Alejandro Portes continued as Director of the Center software. All these sites run from the same code base for Migration and Development. He completed his (written in C#), using resource strings for localization. term as chair of the Sociology Department in June. In May, he offered the first Pastora San Juan Cafferty Magaly Sanchez is a Professor of Urban Sociology at Distinguished Lecture at the University of Chicago and, the Instituto de Urbanismo at the Universidad Central in July, he delivered the keynote address at the interna- de Venezuela and continues as a senior researcher in the tional conference on Migration and Development in Office of Population Research. She is co-principal Germán Rodríguez Bellagio, Italy, sponsored by the Rockefeller investigator on a research project that focuses on Foundation. He was appointed to the editorial board of transnational identity among the first and second the American Sociological Review, and he continues to generation of Latino youth migrants to the Unites serve on the editorial board of Proceedings of the States. She recently organized and coordinated an National Academy of Sciences. International Seminar on Venezuela Today, sponsored by the PIIRS, CMI, PLAS from Princeton University. Karen Pren, the MMP/LAMP project manager, Sanchez is an active participant in a variety of creates programs for data entry and develops statistical Congresses at the national and international level and programs for data management and data analysis. In Magaly Sanchez was Chair and Discussant at the PAA Annual Meeting, addition, she works in conjunction with the fieldwork in Los Angeles, March 2006. Sanchez also presented her

54 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 research with Doug Massey at the Chaire Quetelet outcomes, determining effective strategies for increasing 2006, University Louvain La Neuve, Belgium. consumer demand for tobacco cessation products and services among low-income and ethnic minority Lee Silver was on the Board of Trustees of the populations, and tobacco use, particularly waterpipe American Council on Science and Health, Scientific use among college students. Advisory Board of the Institute of Systems Biology, and Board of Scientific and Policy Advisors, American Marta Tienda served as a board member of TIAA, Council on Science and Health. He was awarded First RAND Corporation, the Princeton Medical Center, the Lee M. Silver Prize in the Two-headed Challenge from the Guthrie Sloan Foundation, the Jacobs Foundation of Theater (a commission to co-write a play exploring the Switzerland, the Research Partnership for New York implications of a half-human/half-chimp hybrid). He City Schools and the Corporation of Brown University. delivered the keynote address at the Faculty of Political In 2006, Tienda was awarded Doctorate of Humane Sciences (Madrid, Spain) Ninth Forum on Social Letters, Bank Street College of Education, Columbia Trends: The Social Impact of the Biotechnological University. She chaired the Panel on Hispanics for the Revolution. He gave presentations at Oregon State National Academy of Science, and was awarded the University, Cardoza Law School, Bates College, and at Outstanding Latina Faculty in Higher Education Award Burt Singer the Darwin Centennial Symposium on Unnatural in Research and Teaching from the American Selection (Shrewsbury, England). He was an invited Association of Hispanics in Higher Education. While speaker at the New York Academy of Sciences, the on leave, during the 2006-2007 academic year, Tienda Council on Foreign Relations (New York), the was a visiting scholar at the Rockefeller Foundation. University of Pittsburgh School of Law, the James Ayumi Takenaka, a Visiting Fellow at OPR, is Madison Institute, University of Oxford, and the Assistant Professor of Sociology at Bryn Mawr College; University of Pennsylvania, among others. she received her Ph.D. in sociology at Columbia Stephanie Burton Singer has affiliated faculty appointments in University. Prior to coming to Bryn Mawr, she was the Smith-Simone the Programs in Applied & Computational Richard Storry Junior Research Fellow at the Nissan Mathematics, Environmental Studies, African Studies Institute of Japanese Studies at Oxford University. and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Takenaka conducts ethnographic research in immigrant, Biology. In 2006 Singer delivered the Matilda White racial and ethnic, and diasporic communities and also Riley Lecture at the National Institutes of Health. He is works in the fields of social inequality and urban and Chair of the Data Monitoring Board of the National comparative sociology. She is a co-editor of Global Long-Term Care Survey for NIH and a member of the Japan: The Experience of Japan’s New Immigrant and Marta Tienda External Advisory Board for the Center for AIDS Overseas Communities, and is currently working on Research at the University of Washington. This past book manuscripts on transnational Japanese-Peruvian year, Singer gave lectures at the University of Buenos communities across the Pacific (Peru, Japan, and the Aires, the Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin, U.S.), as well as on the changing Japanese family in Harvard University, and at the meeting of the American comparison to Italy. Society of Tropical Medicine in Atlanta, among others. Kimberly Torres, a postdoctoral research associate, Stephanie Smith-Simone joined CHW and the is working with Doug Massey on the National Ayumi Robert Wood Johnson Foundation as a postdoctoral Longitudinal Study of Freshmen (NLSF). She’s Takenaka research associate for 2006-2007. She received her conducting interviews and focus groups on race and M.P.H. and Ph.D. from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg identity with elite college students, devising and School of Public Health, where she graduated with managing qualitative field projects and databases, and honors and was inducted into the Delta Omega Honor analyzing and coding interview transcripts, field notes, Society. Smith-Simone is a social and behavioral and focus group texts. She’ll be writing on issues scientist who specializes in the use of qualitative and pertaining to race identity and higher education. quantitative methods to investigate the impact of health Kimberly completed her Ph.D. in Sociology at the policies and modifiable health behaviors on health University of Pennsylvania in 2006. Her research interests Kimberly Torres outcomes. Her current research examines the impact are in race and ethnicity, education, and inequality. of clean indoor air policies on childhood asthma Princeton University 55 OPR Professional Activities

James Trussell’s recent research has been focused in Charles Westoff presented papers at the Annual three areas: emergency contraception, contraceptive Population Association of America meeting in Los failure, and the cost-effectiveness of contraception. He Angeles, and he delivered a lecture at the University of has actively promoted making emergency contraception London. Westoff was named Laureate of the more widely available as an important step in helping International Union for the Scientific Study of women reduce their risk of unintended pregnancy. He Population (IUSSP) for 2007 and received the award James Trussell is a senior fellow at the Guttmacher Institute and a during the PAA meeting in New York in March. He member of the board of directors of the NARAL continues as a member of the Board of Directors of the Pro-Choice America Foundation and the Guttmacher Population Resource Center, board member of the Institute and a member of the National Medical Guttmacher Institute, and as Senior Technical Advisor Committee of Planned Parenthood Federation of for Demographic and Health Surveys. Westoff served America. He serves on the editorial advisory committees on the PAA committee on the financial future of the of Contraception and Contraceptive Technology Update. In Association and continues as referee on submissions to June of 2006, Trussell was made an Honorary Fellow, Demographic Research for the Max Planck Institute. Bruce Western Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Lisa Wynn presented research in progress at the Care of the Royal College of Obstetricians and University of Pennsylvania, the Middle East Studies Gynaecologists. Association annual meeting, the Society for Medical Bruce Western has research and teaching interests that Anthropology annual meeting, and the Netherlands include the comparative sociology of labor movements Institute for Advanced Studies. She continues to and labor markets, institutional sources of American collaborate with a multidisciplinary group of scholars inequality, and statistical methods. Western has given in Canada, the United States, and Saudi Arabia. Her Charles F. invited talks at Cornell, Harvard, Stanford, Berkeley, book, Pyramids and Nightclubs: A Travel Ethnography Westoff Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (New of Arab and Western Imaginations of Egypt, from King Tut York), New York City Council, and the University of and a Colony of Atlantis to Rumors of Sex Orgies, Urban Queensland. He is on the editorial board of Socio- Legends about a Marauding Prince, and Blonde Belly Economic Review, Political Analysis, and Sociological Dancers, will be published by University of Texas Press Methodology. Western is on the board of overseers of the in November 2007. It explores how centuries of General Social Survey and on the technical review transnational exchanges, from European imperialism committee of the National Longitudinal Survey, and he and Egyptology to regional labor migration, have continues as a member of the Council of the American produced layers of imaginations of Egypt, both Lisa Wynn Sociological Association. Western and Arab, and shape contemporary patterns of tourism and popular culture in Egypt at the turn of the millennium.

56 Office of Population Research 2006 PUBLICATIONS

Working Papers Health, Georgetown University). Physiological Dysregulation Predicted The Office of Population Research Working Papers Series Poorer Health and Lower Survival in a dates back to 1991. The Center for Research on Child Survey of the Older Population Wellbeing Working Paper Series began in 1997 and the Center for Migration and Development began its OPR 06-01 Noreen Goldman; Cassio M. Turra; Dana series in 1998. OPR Working Papers are available at A. Glei (University of California, Berkeley); http://opr.princeton.edu/papers; Working Papers of the Christopher L. Seplaki (Johns Hopkins Center for Research on Child Wellbeing are available at University); Yu-Hsuan Lin (Bureau of http://crcw.princeton.edu/papers.html; and the Center Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, for Migration and Development’s Working Papers are Taiwan); Maxine Weinstein (Georgetown available at http://cmd.princeton.edu/papers.shtml University). The Center for Health and Wellbeing Working Predicting Mortality from Standard and Paper Series began in 1999 and is available at Nontraditional Biomarkers http://www.wws.princeton.edu/~chw/research/papers.php Center for Health and Wellbeing Working Papers Office of Population Research Working Papers CHW 06-52 A. Deaton OPR 06-08 Amy Love Collins; Noreen Goldman. Global Patterns of Income and Health: Perceived Social Position and Health in Facts, Interpretations, and Policies Older Adults CHW 06-51 A. Case, C. Paxson OPR 06-07 Kimberly V. Smith; Noreen Goldman. Stature and Status: Height, Ability, and Socioeconomic Differences in Health Labor Market Outcomes among Older Adults in Mexico CHW 06-50 A. Case, C. Paxson, T. Vogl OPR 06-06 Sharon Bzostek; Noreen Goldman; Socioeconomic Status and Health in Anne R. Pebley (University of Childhood: A Comment on Chen, Martin California at Los Angeles). and Matthews Why Do Hispanics Report Poor Health? CHW 06-49 A. Case, A. Deaton OPR 06-05 Noreen Goldman; Dana A. Glei Health and Wellbeing in Udaipur and (Department of Demography, University of South Africa (CHW WP#49) California at Berkeley). Center for Migration and Development New Evidence for Protective Effects of DHEAS on Health among Men but Working Papers Not Women CMD 06-10 Alejandro Portes, Steven Shafer OPR 06-04 David Potere; Neal Feierabend (Oak Ridge Revisiting the Enclave Hypothesis: National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN); Miami Twenty-Five Years Later Eddie Bright (Oak Ridge National CMD 06-09 Papers presented at NAFTA and Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN); Alan Strahler Beyond:Alternative Perspectives in the (Boston University, Boston, MA). Study of Global Trade and Development, A New Source for Land Cover Change December 2005 Validation: Wal-Mart from Space NAFTA Papers

OPR 06-02 Noreen Goldman; Cassio M. Turra (Office CMD 06-08 Final versions of reports presented at the of Population Research and Center for Seminar on Institutions and Development Health and Wellbeing, Princeton University in Latin America, August 2006, and Cedeplar, Federal University of Minas Buenos Aires, Argentina Gerais, Brazil); Dana A. Glei (Department Institutional Reports of Demography, University of California at Berkeley); Yu-Hsuan Lin (Bureau of Health Promotion, Taichung, Taiwan); Maxine Weinstein (Center for Population and Princeton University 57 2006 Publications

CMD 06-07 Alejandro Portes CRCW 06-33Sarah Meadows, Sara McLanahan, Jeanne Migration and Development: A Brooks-Gunn Conceptual Review of the Evidence. Family Structure and Mental Health Published. Annals of the American Trajectories Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 610, March 2007 CRCW 06-32 Rachel Kimbro Together Forever? Relationship Dynamics CMD 06-06 Donald W. Light and Maternal Investments in Children’s Globalizing Restricted and Segmented Health Markets:Challenges to Theory and Values in Economic Sociology CRCW 06-31 Emily Moiduddin, Douglas Massey Segregation, the Concentration of Poverty, CMD 06-05 Patricia Fernández-Kelly and Birth Weight The Global Assembly Line in the New Millennium CRCW 06-30 Christina Gibson-Davis Family Structure Effects on Maternal and CMD 06-04 Papers presented at The Role of Art in Paternal Parenting in Low Income Families Immigrant Communities in the United States Immigration and Arts Papers CRCW 06-28 Marcia Carlson, Frank Furstenberg The Consequences of Multi-Partnered CMD 06-03 Patricia Fernández-Kelly Fertility for Parental Involvement and The Moral Universe of Fabian Garramon: Relationships Religion and the Divided Self among Second-Generation Immigrants in the U.S. CRCW 06-27 Sharon Bzostek, Marcia Carlson, Sara McLanahan CMD 06-02 Various CMD Faculty Does Mother Know Best?: A Comparison Policy Commentaries of Biological and Social Fathers after a Nonmarital Birth CMD 06-01 Nina Glick Schiller, Peggy Levitt Haven't We Heard This Somewhere CRCW 06-24 Selva Lewin-Bizan Before? A Substantive View of Identifying the Associations between Transnational MigrationStudies by Way of Child Temperament and Father Involvement: a Reply to Waldinger and Fitzgerald Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Evidence Center for Research on Child Wellbeing Working Papers CRCW 06-20 Margaret Usdansky, Douglas Wolf Missing Work and Quitting Work: Child CRCW 06-36Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, Nancy Care-Related Employment Problems Reichman, Ofira Schwartz Crime and Circumstance: The Effects CRCW 06-19 Bryndl Hohmann-Marriott of Infant Health Shocks on Fathers’ Father Involvement Ideals and the Union Criminal Activity Trajectories of Unmarried Parents

CRCW 06-35Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, Nancy CRCW 06-18 W. Bradford Wilcox, Nicholas Wolfinger Reichman, Ofira Schwartz Unpacking the Faith Factor: Norms, Crime and Circumstance: The Effects of Decency, and Relationship Quality among Infant Health Shocks on Fathers’ Criminal Urban Parents Activity CRCW 06-12 Sarah Meadows, Sara McLanahan, Jeanne CRCW 06-34Marcia Carlson, Sara McLanahan, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn Brooks-Gunn Parent’s Mental Health and Child Wellbeing: Do Good Partners Make Good Parents? The Impact of Fathers by Residential Status Relationship Quality and Parenting in CRCW 06-11 Angela Fertig, David Reingold Two-Parent Families Public Housing and Health: Is There a Connection?

58 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

CRCW 06-10 Hope Corman, Anne Carroll, Kelly Noonan, Alberts, S.C., and Altmann, J. “The Evolutionary Past and the Nancy Reichman Research Future: Environmental Variation and Life History The Effects of Health on Health Insurance Flexibility in a Primate Lineage.” In Reproduction and Fitness in Status in Fragile Families Baboons: Behavioral, Ecological, and Life History Perspectives, edited by L. Swedell, and S. Leigh. New York, NY: CRCW 06-09 Lenna Nepomnyaschy, Irwin Garfinkel Springer. 2006. Child Support Enforcement and Fathers’ Contributions to Their Nonmarital Children Alon, S. “Labor Force Attachment and the Evolving Wage Gap between White, Black and Hispanic Young Women.” Presented CRCW 06-07 Suzanne Leaman, Christina Gee at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of Abusive Romantic Relationships among America. Los Angeles, CA. March 2006. Adolescent and Young Adult Mothers Alon, S., Domina, T., and Tienda, M. “A Temporal Investigation CRCW 06-05 Nancy Reichman, Hope Corman, Kelly of College Attendance and Destination of First Generation Noonan, Dhaval Dave Students.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Typically Unobserved Variables (TUVs) and Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. March 2006. Selection into Prenatal Inputs: Implications Alon, S., Tienda, M., and Domina, T. “Intergenerational Transfer for Estimating Infant Health Production of Human Capital: Ethnic Differences in College Destinations.” Functions Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population CRCW 06-04 Jean Knab, Sara McLanahan, Irwin Garfinkel Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. March, 2006. The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Alon, S., and Tienda, M. “Diversity, Opportunity and the Policies on Maternal Health and Wellbeing Shifting Meritocracy in Higher Education.” American CRCW 06-01 Amanda Geller, Irwin Garfinkel, Sociological Review, 26(3):296-311. 2007. Bruce Western Alon, S. “The Influence of Financial Aid in Leveling Group The Effects of Incarceration on Differences in Graduating from Elite Institutions.” Economics Employment and Wages: An Analysis of Education Review. Forthcoming. of the Fragile Families Survey Armstrong, E.M. “How Should American Society Cope with Publications and Papers Death? Socio/Political Perspectives.” Presented at the University of Pennsylvania Center for Bioethics 10th Anniversary Agarwala, R., and Lynch, S.M. “Refining the Measurement of Symposium, “The Legacy of the Teri Schiavo Case: Why is it Women’s Autonomy: The Case of Rural India.” Social Forces, so Hard to Die in America?” Philadelphia, PA. May 2006. 84(4):2077-2098. 2006. Armstrong, E.M. “Whose Deaths Matter? Mortality, Advocacy, Agarwala, R. “Using the Populist Leader: The State and the and Attention to Disease in the Mass Media.” Presented at the Worker in India.” In Recovering Class: Reflections from the Michael Davis Seminar, University of Chicago School of Social Subcontinent, edited by R. Herring, and R. Agarwala. London, Administration. Chicago, IL. April 2006. England: Rutledge. Forthcoming. Armstrong, E.M. “Distortions of Risk in Obstetric Decision Agarwala, R. “Women Workers and Globalization: The Case of Making.” Presented at the Annual Clinical Meetings of the India.” New Labor Forum. Forthcoming. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Washington, DC. May, 2006. Agarwala, R., and Herring, R. “Introduction: Bringing Class Back into South Asia.” In Recovering Class: Reflections from the Armstrong, E.M. “Gender and Health.” Presented at the Subcontinent, edited by R. Herring, and R. Agarwala. Medical Sociology in the 21st Century: Themes and Trends, Forthcoming. Dilemmas and Debates. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K. June 2006. Aizer, A., and McLanahan, S.S. “The Impact of Child Support on Fertility, Parental Investments and Child Health and Well- Armstrong, E.M., Carpenter, D., and Hojnacki, M. “Whose being.” Journal of Human Resources, 41(1):28-45. 2006. Deaths Matter? Mortality, Advocacy, and Attention to Disease in the Mass Media.” Journal of Health Policy, Politics and Law, Aizer, A. “Home Alone: Maternal Employment, Child Care and 31(4):729-772. 2006. Adolescent Behavior.” Journal of Public Economics. Forthcoming.

Princeton University 59 2006 Publications

Armstrong, E.M., Harris, L.H., Kukla, R., Kuppermann, M., Brooks-Gunn, J., Rouse, C., and McLanahan, S.S. “School Little, M., Lyerly, A.D., and Mitchell, L. “Risks, Values and Readiness: Closing Racial and Ethnic Gaps.” In Transition to Decision Making Surrounding Pregnancy.” Obstetrics and Kindergarten, edited by Pianta, Cox, and Snow. Baltimore, Gynecology. In press. MD: Paul H. Brooks Publishing. Forthcoming.

Attewell, P., Lavin, D., Domina, T., and Levey, T. “New Brown, J.S., and Lynch, S.M. “Differences in Death and Recovery Evidence on College Remediation.” Journal of Higher Probabilities by Specific IADL Limitations.” Presented at the Education, 77(5). 2006. Annual Meeting of the Gerontological Society of America. Dallas, TX. November, 2006. Attewell, P., Lavin, D., Domina, T., and Levey, T. Passing the Torch: Does Higher Education for the Disadvantaged Pay Off Brown, J.S., and Lynch, S.M. “Racial Differences in Reporting Across the Generations?, edited. New York: Russell Sage Assistive Device Use in the United States: The Effects of Foundation. Forthcoming. Question Order.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of REVES. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. May, 2006. Beehner, J.C., Nguyen, N., Wango, E., Alberts, S.C., and Altmann, J. “The Endocrinology of Pregnancy and Fetal Bzostek, S.H., Carlson, M., and McLanahan, S.S. “Does Mother Loss in Wild Baboons.” Hormones and Behavior, Know Best? A Comparison of Biological and Social Fathers 49:688-699. 2006. after a Nonmarital Birth.” Presented at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. Montreal, Canada. Beehner, J.C., Onderdonk, D., Alberts, S.C., and Altmann, J. August, 2006. “The Ecology of Conception and Pregnancy Failure in Wild Baboons.” Behavioral Ecology, 17:741-750. 2006. Bzostek, S.H., Carlson, M., and McLanahan, S.S. “Does Mother Know Best?: A Comparison of Biological and Social Fathers Berger, L.M., Carlson, M., Bzostek, S.H., and Osborne, C. After a Nonmarital Birth.” Office of Population Research, “Parenting Practices of Biological and Social Fathers.” Princeton University. Center for Research and Child Wellbeing Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Association for Working Paper No. 2006-27-FF. Princeton, NJ. 2006. Public Policy Analysis and Management. Madison, WI. November, 2006. Bzostek, S.H., Goldman, N., and Pebley, A. “Why Do Hispanics Report Poor Health?” Social Science and Medicine. Blumenthal, P., Trussell, J., Zhimei, L., Dubois, R., Borenstein, J., Forthcoming. Singh, R., and Guo, A. “Cost-effectiveness of Treatments for Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding in Women Who Need Cadge, W., Day, H., and Wildeman, C. “Bridging the Contraception.” Contraception, 74(2):249-258. 2006. Denomination-Congregation Divide: Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Congregations Respond to Boberly, C., Graber, J., Nichols, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Botvin, Homosexuality.” Review of Religious Research, G.J. “Sixth Graders’ Conflict Resolution in Parent, Peer, and 48(3):245-259. 2007. Teacher Role-Plays.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(4):279-291. 2006. Cadge, W., Olson, L., and Wildeman, C. “How Denominational Context Influences Debate about Homosexuality in Mainline Britto, P.R., Brooks-Gunn, J., Buka, S.L., and et al. “Early Protestant Congregations.” Sociology of Religion. Forthcoming. Intervention in Low Birth Weight Premature Infants: Results at 18 Years of Age for the Infant Health and Development Cadge, W., and Wildeman, C. “Facilitators and Advocates: How Program.” Pediatrics, 117(3):771-780. 2006. Mainline Protestant Clergy Respond to Homosexuality.” Sociological Perspectives. Forthcoming. Britto, P.R., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Griffin, T. “Maternal Reading and Teaching Patterns: Associations with School Readiness in Carlson, M. “Family Structure, Father Involvement and Low-income, African-American Families.” Reading Research Adolescent Behavioral Outcomes.” Journal of Marriage and the Quarterly, 41:68-89. 2006. Family, 68(1):127-140. 2006.

Britto, P.R., Fuligni, A.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Reading Ahead? Carlson, M. “Trajectories of Couple Relationship Quality after A Review of Early Literacy Intervention Programs for Young Childbirth: Does Marriage Matter?” Presented at the Annual Children from Low Socioeconomic Families.” Pp. 311-332, In Meetings of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Handbook of Early Literacy, edited by D. Dickinson, and S.B. Management. Madison, WI. November, 2006. Neuman. New York, NY. 2006. Carlson, M., and Furstenberg Jr., F.F. “The Prevalence and Brooks-Gunn, J., and Johnson, A. “G.S. Hall’s Contribution to Correlates of Multipartnered Fertility among Urban U.S. Parents.” Science, Practice and Policy: The Child Study, Education and Journal of Marriage and the Family, 68(3):718-732. 2006. Reform Movements.” History of Psychology, 9:247-258. 2006.

60 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Carlson, M., and Furstenberg Jr., F.F. “The Consequences of Case, A., and Deaton, A. “Health and Wellbeing in Udaipur and Multi-Partnered Fertility for Parental Involvement and South Africa.” In Developments in the Economics of Aging, Relationships.” Presented at the Institute for Research on edited by D. Wise. University of Chicago Press for NBER. Poverty, Conference on Multiple-Partner Fertility. University of Forthcoming. Wisconsin. Madison, WI. September, 2006. Case, A., and Menendez, A. “Evidence from the Agincourt Carlson, M., and Furstenberg Jr., F.F. “The Consequences of Demographic Surveillance Area.” Scandinavian Journal of Multi-Partnered Fertility for Parental Resources and Public Health. Forthcoming. Relationships.” Presented at the Administration for Children Case, A., Paxson, C., and Vogl, T. “Socioeconomic Status and and Families, Welfare Research and Evaluation Conference. Health in Childhood: A Comment on Chen, Martin and Washington, DC June, 2006. Matthews.” Social Science and Medicine. Forthcoming. Carlson, M., and McLanahan, S.S. “Strengthening Unmarried Castro, M.C.d., Monte-Mor, R.L., Sawyer, D.O., and Singer, B. Families: Could Enhancing Couple Relationships Also Improve “Malaria Risk on the Amazon Frontier.” Proceedings from the Parenting?” Social Service Review, 80(2):297-321. 2006. National Academy of Science, 103(7):2453-2457. 2006. Carlson, M., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Fathers’ Castro, M.C.d., and Singer, B. “Controlling the False Discovery Involvement and Young Children’s Behavior in Fragile Rate: A New Application to Account for Multiple and Families.” Presented at the New Data on Fathers: An Dependent Tests in Local Statistics of Spatial Association.” Examination of Recent Trends in Fatherhood and Father Geographical Analysis, 38:180-208. 2006. Involvement. Cornell University. Ithaca, NY. September, 2006. Castro, M.C.d., and Singer, B. “Migration, Urbanization, and Carlson, M., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Fathers’ Malaria: A Comparative Analysis of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Involvement and Young Children’s Behavior in Fragile Families.” and Machadinho, Rondonia, Brazil.” Pp. 280-307, In Africa Presented at the Conference on Determinants of Children’s on the Move, edited by M. Tienda, S. Findley, S. Tollman, Success. University of California-Davis. Davis, CA. June, 2006. and E. Preston-Whyte. Johannesburg: Wits University Carlson, M., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Fathers’ Press. 2006. Investments and Children’s Behavior in Fragile Families.” Castro, M.C.d., Sawyer, D.O., and Singer, B. “Spatial Patterns of Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Society for Social Malaria in the Amazon: Implications for Surveillance and Work and Research. San Antonio, TX. January, 2006. Targeted Interventions.” Health and Place, 13:368-380. 2007. Carlson, M., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Do Good Charles, C.Z., Roscigno, V.J., and Torres, K. “‘Footing the Bill’ Partners Make Good Parents? Relationship Quality and Parenting for Higher Education: Racial/Ethnic Inequality, Parental in Two-Parent Families.” Office of Population Research, Investments, and the Likelihood of 4-Year College Princeton University. Center for Research and Child Wellbeing Attendance.” Social Science Research, 36(1):329-352. 2007. Working Paper No. 2006-34-FF. Princeton, NJ. 2006. Cohen, D., Ghosh-Dastidar, B., and et al. “Alcohol Outlets, Carlson, M.J. “Family Structure, Father Involvement and Gonorrhea, and the Los Angeles Civil Unrest: A Longitudinal Adolescent Behavioral Outcomes.” Journal of Marriage and the Analysis.” Social Science and Medicine. Forthcoming. Family, 68(1):137-154. 2006. Cooper, C.E., and Crosnoe, R. “Poverty, Developmental Carlson, M., and Teitler, J. “The Characteristics and Wellbeing of Processes, and School “ Presented at the Symposium at the New York City Residents.” In New York City and the Welfare Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child State, edited by I. Garfinkel, and M. Meyers. New York, NY: Development. Boston, MA. March, 2007. Russell Sage Foundation. Forthcoming. Cooper, C.E., and Crosnoe, R. “The Engagement in Schooling of Carroll, A., Cornman, H., and Reichman, N. “Why Do Poor Economically Disadvantaged Parents and Children.” Youth and Children Lose Health Insurance in the SCHIP Era? The Role Society. In press. of Family Health.” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings. In press. Corman, H., Carroll, A., Noonen, K., and Reichman, N. “The Effects of Health on Health Insurance Status in Fragile Case, A., and Ardington, C. “The Impact of Parental Death on Families.” Office of Population Research, Princeton University. School Outcomes: Longitudinal Evidence from South Africa.” Center for Research and Child Wellbeing Working Paper No. Demography, 43(3):401-420. 2006. 2006-10-FF. Princeton, NJ. 2006. Case, A., Paxson, C., and Vogl, T. “Socioeconomic Status and Health in Childhood: A Comment on Chen, Martin and Matthews.” National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER Princeton University Working Paper No. 12267. 2006. 61 2006 Publications

Corman, H., Noonan, K., Reichman, N., and Schwartz, O. Dinwiddie, G. “The Social Demography of Chronic Health “Crime and Circumstance: The Effects of Infant Health Shocks Conditions: Racial Residential Segregation in Comparative on Fathers’ Criminal Activity.” Office of Population Research, Analysis for the United States and South Africa.” Presented at Princeton University. Center for Research and Child Wellbeing the Demography of Immigrants and Minority Groups. Working Paper No. 2006-35-FF. Princeton, NJ. 2006. International Sociological Association. Durban, South Africa. July, 2006. Corman, H., Noonen, K., Reichman, N., and Schwartz-Soicher, O. “Crime and Circumstance: The Effects of Infant Health Shocks on Dinwiddie, G. “Are We There Yet? Assessing Equity, Opportunity Fathers’ Criminal Activity.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of the and Social Disparities for Educational Attainment in the Population Association of America. New York, NY. March 2007. United States.” In International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2nd Edition, edited. Forthcoming. Cornman, H., Carroll, A., Noonan, K., and Reichman, N. “Why do Poor Mothers and Children Lose Health Insurance?” Domina, T. “What Clean Break? Nonmetropolitan Migration Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Economic Patterns and the Continuing Relevance of Economics.” Rural Association. Chicago, IL. January 2007. Sociology, 71(3). 2006.

Cortes, K.E. “The Effects of Age at Arrival and Enclave Schools Domina, T. “Brain Drain and Brain Gain: Rising Educational on the Academic Performance of Immigrant Children.” Segregation in the United States 1940-2000.” City and Economics of Education Review, 25(2):121-132. 2006. Community, 5(4). 2006.

Curbow, B., Binko, J., Smith, S., Dreyling, E., and McDonnell, Domina, T. “Beyond Red States and Blue States: Education K. “Adolescent Girls’ Perceptions of Smoking Risk and Concentration and Ecological Predictors of Voter Preferences.” Protective Factors: Implications for Message Design.” Journal Presented at the Eastern Sociological Society. Boston, MA. of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse. In press. February, 2006.

Davidoff, F., and Trussell, J. “Plan B and the Politics of Doubt.” Domina, T. “Brain Drain: Educational Segregation in the United Journal of the American Medical Association, 296(14):1775- States.” Presented at the Eastern Sociological Society. Boston, 1778. 2006. MA. February, 2006.

Deaton, A. “The Great Escape: A Review Essay on Robert W. Donner, S., and Potere, D. “The Inequality of the Global Threat Fogel’s ‘The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death’.” to Coral Reefs.” BioScience, 58:214-215. 2007. Journal of Economic Literature, 44:106-114. 2006. Dowd, J., and Goldman, N. “Do Biomarkers of Stress Mediate the Deaton, A. “Measuring Poverty.” Pp. 3-16, In Understanding Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Health?” Journal Poverty, edited by A. Banerjee, R. Benabou, and D. of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60:633-639. 2006. Mookherjee. 2006. Dupre, M.E., and Meadows, S.O. “Disaggregating the Effects of Deaton, A. “Evidence-based Aid Must Not Become the Latest in Marital Trajectories on Health.” Journal of Family Issues. a Long String of Development Fads.” The Boston Review, New Forthcoming. Democracy Forum. 2006. Ehrmann, N. “From the Ghetto to the Ivory Tower: Gendered Deaton, A. “Equity and Population Health.” The Hastings Center Effects on Segregation on Elite-College Completion.” Social Report, Sept-Oct:5-6. 2006. Science Quarterly. Forthcoming.

Deaton, A., Banerjee, A., Lustig, N., and Rogoff, K. “An Espenshade, T.J., and Radford, A.W. Living Amid Difference: Race Evaluation of World Bank Research 1998-2005.” World Bank and Class Dimensions of College Admission and Campus Life, Economic Review. Forthcoming. edited. Forthcoming.

DeKlyen, M., McLanahan, S.S., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Knab, J.T. Espinoza Higgins, M., and Martin, J. “Health of New “The Mental Health of Parents with Infants: Do Marriage, Immigrants.” Presented at the American Public Health Cohabitation and Romantic Status Matter?” American Journal Association. Boston, MA. November, 2006. of Public Health, 96(10):1836-1841. 2006. Espinoza Higgins, M., and Martin, J. “The New Immigrant DeRose, L.M., Wright, A.J., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Does Puberty Survey: New Findings.” Presented at the American Sociological Account for the Gender Differential in Depression?” In Women Association Annual Meeting. Montreal, Canada. August 2006. and Depression: A Handbook for the Social, Behavioral and Espinoza Higgins, M., and Martin, J. “The New Immigrant Biomedical Sciences, edited by C.L.M. Keyes, and S.H. Survey.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Goodman. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 2006. Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. March 2006.

62 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Espinoza Higgins, M., and Martin, J. “Overview of The New Foster, A.M., Wynn, L., Rouhana, A., Diaz-Olavarrieta, C., Immigrant Survey and Key Findings.” Presented at the Annual Schaffer, K., and Trussell, J. “Providing Medication Abortion Meetings of the Population Association of America. New York, Information to Diverse Communities: Use Patterns of a Multi- NY. March 2007. lingual Web Site.” Contraception, 74(2):264-271. 2006.

Fang, Y., Ganguly, A., Singh, N., Vijayaraj, V., Feierabend, N., Foster, A.M., Wynn, L., Rouhana, A., Polis, C., and Trussell, J. and Potere, D. “Online Change Detection: Monitoring Land “Disseminating On-line Reproductive Health Information in Cover from Remotely Sensed Data.” Presented at the IEEE Arabic: Results from a Survey of Users of an Emergency International Workshop on Mining Evolving and Streaming Contraception Website.” CyberOrient: Online Journal of the Data Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Data Virtual Middle East, 1(2). 2006. Mining. Hong Kong, China. December 2006. http://www.ahjur.org/cyber2/index/php.

Fauth, R.C., Roth, J.L., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Does the Gates, S.M., Ringel, J.S., Santibañez, L., Guarino, C., Ghosh- Neighborhood Context Alter the Link between Youth’s After- Dastidar, B., and Brown, A. “Mobility and Turnover among school Time Activities and Developmental Outcomes? A Multilevel School Principals.” Economics of Education Review. Analysis.” Developmental Psychology, 43:760-777. 2007. Forthcoming.

Feil, E., Small, J., Forness, S., Serna, L., Kaiser, A., Hancock, T., Geller, A., Garfinkel, I., and Western, B. “The Effects of Bryant, D., Kuperschmidt, J., Burchinal, M., Brooks-Gunn, J., Incarceration on Employment and Wages: An Analysis of the Boyce, C., and Lopez, M. “Using Different Measures, Fragile Families Survey.” Office of Population Research, Informants, and Clinical Cut-off Points to Estimate Prevalence Princeton University. Center for Research and Child Wellbeing of Emotional or Behavioral Disorders in Preschoolers: Effect on Working Paper No. 2006-01-FF. Princeton, NJ. 2006. Age, Gender, and Ethnicity.” Behavior Disorders. 2006. Ghosh-Dastidar, B., and Schafer, J.L. “Outlier Detection and Fernández-Kelly, P. “The Moral Monster: Recasting Honor and Editing Procedures for Continuous Multivariate Survey Data.” Respectability behind Bars.” In The Companion to Latino Journal of Official Statistics. Forthcoming. Studies, edited by R. Rosaldo. New York, NY: Blackwell Gibson-Davis, C., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Couples’ Immigration Publishers. 2006. Status and Ethnicity as Determinants of Breastfeeding.” Fernández-Kelly, P., and Konczal, L. “‘Asesinando el Alfabeto’ - American Journal of Public Health, 96(4):641-646. 2006. Identidad y Empresariado entre Inmigrantes Cubanos, Glei, D., Chang, M.-C., Chuang, Y.-L., Lin, Y.-H., Lin, H.-S., Antillanos y Centroamericanos de Segunda Generación.” In El Goldman, N., and Weinstein, M. “Results from the Social País Transnacional - Migración Mexicana y Cambio Social a Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study (SEBAS) 2000.” través de la Frontera, edited by M. Ariza. Mexico DF: Instituto Taiwan Aging Study Series. No. 9. 2006. de Investigaciones Sociales. 2006. Glei, D., and Goldman, N. “Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Fernández-Kelly, P., and Shefner, J. Out of the Shadows, edited by P. (DHEAS) and Risk of Mortality among Older Taiwanese.” Fernández-Kelly, and J. Shefner. Penn State University Press. 2006. Annals of Epidemiology, 16:510-515. 2006. Fernández-Kelly, P. NAFTA and Beyond: Alternative Perspectives in Goldman, N., Cornman, J., and Chang, M.-C. “Measuring the Study of Global Trade and Development - Annals of the Subjective Social Status: A Case Study of Older Taiwanese.” American Academy of Political and Social Science, edited. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 21:71-89. 2006. Forthcoming. Goldman, N., Kimbro, R.T., Turra, C.M., and Pebley, A. Fernández-Kelly, P. “The Global Assembly in the New “Socioeconomic Gradients in Health for White and Mexican- Millennium.” SIGNS: A Journal of Women in Culture and Origin Populations.” American Journal of Public Health, Society. Forthcoming. 96:2186-2193. 2006. Fischer, M.J., and Tienda, M. “Redrawing Spatial Color Lines: Goldman, N., Turra, C.M., Glei, D., Lin, Y.-H., and Weinstein, Hispanic Metropolitan Dispersal, Segregation, and Economic M. “Physiological Dysregulation and Changes in Health in an Opportunity.” Pp. 100-137, In Hispanics and America’s Older Population.” Experimental Gerontology, 41:862-870. 2006. Future, edited by M. Tienda, and F. Mitchell. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. 2006. Goldman, N., Turra, C.M., Glei, D., Seplaki, C., Lin, H.-S., and Weinstein, M. “Predicting Mortality from Standard and Flores, N.Y. “The Clique Effect: The Dynamics of Urban Nontraditional Biomarkers.” Journal of Gerontology: Series A Undocumented Migration Networks from Mexico to the Medical Sciences and Biological Sciences, 61:1070-1074. 2006. United States.” In Special Issue of the Scientific Series: International Migration of Population: Russia and Contemporary

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Grossman, J.B., Campbell, M., and Raley, R. “Quality Karlamangla, A., Singer, B., and Seeman, T. “Reduction in After-School Time: What Instructors Can Do to Enhance Learning.” Allostatic Load in Older Adults is Associated with Lower All- Public/Private Ventures Report. Philadelphia, PA. Forthcoming. cause Mortality Risk: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging.” Psychosomatic Medicine, 68:500-507. 2006. Gruenewald, T., Seeman, T., Ryff, C.D., Karlamangla, A., and Singer, B. “Combinations of Biomarkers Predictive of Later Kempner, J. “Uncovering the Man in Medicine: Lessons Learned Life Mortality.” Proceedings from the National Academy of from a Case Study of Cluster Headache.” Gender & Society, Science, 103(38):14158-14163. 2006. 20(5):632-656. 2006.

Gruenewald, T., Karlamangla, A., Greendale, G.A., Singer, B., Kempner, J. “Gendering the Migraine Market: Do and Seeman, T.E. “Feelings of Usefulness to Others, Disability, Representations of Illness Matter?” Social Science and Medicine, Mortality in Older Adults: The MacArthur Studies of 63(8):1986-1997. 2006. Successful Aging.” Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, Kempner, J. “Forbidden Knowledge: How Biological and Social 62B(1):28-37. 2007. Scientists Identify and Manage Dangerous Research.” 64 Office of Population Research Presented at the Society for the Social Study of Science. Vancouver, B.C., Canada. November 2006. Annual Report 2006

Kempner, J. “The Big Chill: Political Controversy and the Knab, J.T. “More Kin, Less Support: Multipartnered Fertility and Suppression of Research Agendas.” Presented at the Robert Wood Perceived Support among Mothers.” Presented at the Annual Johnson Scholars in Health Policy Seminar. Boston, MA. 2006. Meetings of the Population Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. March 2006. Kempner, J. “The Politics of Sex Research: Assessing the Relationship between Political Controversy and Research Knab, J.T. “Doing it for the Kids? Shotgun Unions and Agendas.” Presented at the University of Michigan Health and Relationship Outcomes.” Presented at the American Societies Mini-Conference. Ann Arbor, MI. 2006. Sociological Association Annual Meeting. Montreal, Canada. August, 2006. Kempner, J. “Erections, Mounting & AIDS: Incestuous Gay Monkey Sex (or seven words you can’t write in your NIH Knab, J.T. “Shotgun Marriage and Relationship Outcomes.” grant).” Presented at the University of Michigan Bioethics, Presented at the Association of Public Policy Management Values and Society Seminar. Ann Arbor, MI. 2006. Fall Conference. Madison, WI. November, 2006.

Kenney, C., and McLanahan, S.S. “Why are Cohabiting Knab, J.T. “Shotgun Marriage and Relationship Outcomes.” Relationships more Violent than Marriage?” Demography, Presented at the American Sociological Association Annual 43(1):127-140. 2006. Meeting. Montreal, Canada. August, 2006.

Kimbro, R.T. “On-the-Job Moms: Work and Breastfeeding Knab, J.T. “Young Children’s Health and Behavior Following Initiation and Duration.” Maternal and Child Health, Welfare Reform.” Presented at the Association of Public Policy 10(1):19-26. 2006. and Management Fall Conference. Madison, WI. November, 2006. Kimbro, R.T. “On-the-Job-Moms: The Return to Work and Breastfeeding Duration in a Low-Income Sample.” Maternal Knab, J.T. “Young Children’s Health and Behavior Following and Child Health Journal. Forthcoming. Welfare Reform.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. Kimbro, R.T., Brooks-Gunn, J., and McLanahan, S.S. “Racial March, 2006. and Ethnic Differentials in Children’s Overweight and Obesity among 3-Year-Olds.” The American Journal of Public Health. Knab, J.T. “The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Policies on Forthcoming. Maternal Health.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. March, 2006. Kimbro, R.T., Lynch, S.M., and McLanahan, S.S. “The Influence of Acculturation on Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration for Knab, J.T. “The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Policies on Mexican-Americans.” Population Research and Policy Review. Health Outcomes.” Presented at the National Poverty Center Forthcoming. Conference on Effects of Non-Health Policies on Health Outcomes. Washington, DC. February, 2006. Kimbro, R.T., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Children’s Overweight and Obesity at Age Three: Examining Racial and Knab, J.T., and McLanahan, S.S. “Measuring Cohabitation: Ethnic Differentials.” American Journal of Public Health. Does When, Who, and How You Ask Matter?” Pp. 19-33, In Forthcoming. Counting Couples II: Measurement Issues in Family Research, edited by S. Hofferth, and L. Casper. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Klebanov, P.K. “Evaluating Early Childhood Intervention Erlbaum & Associates. 2006. Programs. Comments on Kitzman, Knitzer, and Lipman and Boyle.” In Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development, edit- Knab, J.T., McLanahan, S.S., and Garfinkel, I. “The Effects of ed. Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development Welfare and Child Support Policies on Maternal Health.” Website. Forthcoming. Office of Population Research, Princeton University. Center for Research and Child Wellbeing Working Paper No. 2006-04-FF. Knab, J.T. “Welfare Reform and Young Child Health and Princeton, NJ. 2006. Behavior.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. March, 2006. Knab, J.T., McLanahan, S.S., and Garfinkel, I. “The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Policies on Maternal Health and Knab, J.T. “The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Policies Wellbeing.” In The Health Effects of Non-Health Policy, on Maternal Health.” Presented at the Annual Meetings edited by House, Schoeni, Pollack, and Kaplan. New York, NY: of the Population Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. Russell Sage. Forthcoming. March 2006. Krueger, A.B., and Kahneman, D. “Developments in the Knab, J.T. “The Effects of Welfare and Child Support Policies on Measurement of Subjective Well-being.” Journal of Economic Maternal Health.” Presented at the National Poverty Center Perspectives, 20(1):3-24. 2006. Conference on Effects of Non-Health Policies on Health

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Krueger, A.B., Kahneman, D., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., and Livingston, G.M. “Gender, Job Searching, and Employment Stone, A.A. “A Population Approach to the Study of Emotion: Outcomes among Mexican Immigrants.” Population Research Diurnal Rhythms of a Working Day Examined with the Day and Policy Review. Forthcoming. Reconstruction Method (DRM).” Emotion, 6(1):139-149. 2006. Lleras-Muney, A., and Cutler, D. “Education and Health: Krueger, A.B., Kahneman, D., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., and Evaluating Theories and Evidence.” National Bureau of Economic Stone, A.A. “Would You Be Happier If You Were Richer? A Research. NBER Working Paper No. 12352. July, 2006. Focusing Illusion.” Science, 312:1908-1910. 2006. Lleras-Muney, A., Cutler, D., and Deaton, A. “The Krueger, A.B., Rothstein, J., and Turner, S. “Race, Income and Determinants of Mortality.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, College in 25 Years: The Legacy of Separate and Unequal 20(3):97-120. 2006. Schooling.” American Law and Economics Review, Lleras-Muney, A., and Dhrymes, P.J. “Estimation of Models with July:1-30. 2006. Grouped and Ungrouped Data by Means of “2SLS”.” Journal Krueger, A.B., Athey, S., Katz, L., Levitt, S., and Poterba, D. of Econometrics, 133(3):1-29. 2006. “First-Year Performance and the Job Placement of Economics Lleras-Muney, A., and Honoré, B. “Competing Risks and the War Graduate Students.” American Economic Review. Forthcoming. on Cancer.” Econometrica, 74(6). 2006. Krueger, A.B., and Connolly, M. “Rockonomics: The Economics Lleras-Muney, A., and Lichtenberg, F. “The Effect of Education of Popular Music.” In Handbook of Arts and Culture, edited. on Medical Technology Adoption: Are the More Educated Amsterdam, North Holland. Forthcoming. More Likely to Use New Drugs?” Annals d’Economie et Krueger, A.B., and Karlan, D. “Some Simple Analytics of Slave Statistique in memory of Zvi Griliches, special issue. 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Lynch, S.M., and Brown, J.S. “Sullivan’s Method with Covariates: Massey, D.S. “Social Background and Academic Performance A Bayesian Approach for Obtaining Interval Estimates of Differentials: White and Minority Students at Selective Colleges.” Healthy Life for Subpopulations.” Presented at the REVES. American Law and Economics Review, 8(2):1-20. 2006. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. May, 2006. Massey, D.S. “The Wall That Keeps Illegal Workers In.” Lynch, S.M., and Brown, J.S. “The Changing Role of New York Times, Op-Ed. 2006. Socioeconomic Status in Explaining Black-White Disparities in Massey, D.S. “Blackballed.” Contexts, 5(1):40-43. 2006. Healthy Life Expectancy Across Time Since the Civil Rights Movement.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Massey, D.S. “Building a Comprehensive Model of International Gerontological Society of America. Dallas, TX. November, 2006. Migration.” In Long-Term Immigration Projection Methods: Current Practice and How to Improve It, edited by N. Howe, Lynch, S.M., and Brown, J.S. “Sullivan’s Method with Covariates: and R. Jackson. Boston, MA: Center for Retirement Research, A Bayesian Approach for Obtaining Interval Estimates of Boston College. 2006. Healthy Life for Specific Subpopulations.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of REVES. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Massey, D.S., and Akresh, I.R. “Immigrant Intentions and May, 2006. Mobility in a Global Economy: The Attitudes and Behavior of Recently Arrived U.S. Immigrants.” Social Science Quarterly, Lynch, S.M. Introduction to Applied Bayesian Statistics and 87:30-47. 2006. Modern Estimation for Social Scientists, edited. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. Forthcoming. Massey, D.S., and Blank, R.M. “Assessing Racial Discrimination: Methods and Measures.” Pp. 61-80, In Fairness in Housing Lynch, S.M. “The Demography of Disability.” In International Market, edited by J. Goering. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Handbook of the Demography of Aging, edited by P. Uhlenberg. Littlefield. 2006. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. Forthcoming. Massey, D.S., Fischer, M.J., and Capoferro, C. “Gender and Lynch, S.M., and Brown, J.S. “Race, Ethnicity, and Aging.” In Migration in Latin America: A Comparative Analysis.” Encyclopedia for Health and Aging, edited by K.S. Markides. International Migration, 44:1-29. 2006. Russell Sage Publications. Forthcoming. Massey, D.S., Rumbaut, R., and Bean, F.D. “Linguistic Life Lynn, S.D., Graber, J.A., Nichols, T.R., and Brooks-Gunn, J. Expectancies: Immigrant Language Retention in Southern “Links between Pubertal Timing, Peer Influences, and California.” Population and Development Review, Externalizing Behaviors among Urban Students Followed 32:447-460. 2006. through Middle School.” Journal of Adolescent Health, 40:181e187-181e113. 2007. Massey, D.S. “The Political Economy of Migration in an Era of Globalization.” In National Security and International Massey, D.S. “Why Housing Segregation Still Matters.” Journal of Migration: The Global Repercussions of U.S. Policy, edited by S. Catholic Social Thought, 3:97-114. 2006. Martinez. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 2007. Massey, D.S. “Chronicle of a Myth Foretold: The Washington Massey, D.S., and Espinoza Higgins, M. “What Role Does Consensus in Latin America.” In Annals of the American Religion Play in the Migration Process? and Vice-Versa?: Academy of Political and Social Science, edited by D.S. Evidence from the New Immigrant Survey.” Presented at the Massey, J.R. Behrman, and M. Sanchez. Philadelphia, PA: Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America. American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2006. New York, NY. March 29-31, 2007. Massey, D.S. “Sàlvese Quien Pueda: Structural Adjustment and Massey, D.S., Mooney, M., Charles, C.Z., and Torres, K. “Black Emigration from Lima.” Pp. 116-127, In Chronicle of a Myth Immigrants and Black Natives Attending Selective Colleges Foretold: The Washington Consensus in Latin America, edited by and Universities in the United States.” American Journal of D.S. Massey, M. Sanchez, and J.R. Behrman. Philadelphia, PA: Education, 113(2):243-271. 2007. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2006. Massey, D.S. “The Origins of African American Segregation in U.S. Urban Areas.” In A History of Housing Discrimination: An Massey, D.S. “Doing Social Science in Anti-Scientific Times.” Examination of Barriers and Efforts to Achieve an Inclusive American Sociologist, 37:87-95. 2006. Society, edited by J. Carr, and E. Rosenbaum. Washington, DC: Massey, D.S. “Patterns and Processes of International Migration Fannie Mae Foundation. Forthcoming. in the 21st Century: Lessons for South Africa.” Pp. 38-70, Massey, D.S. New Faces in New Places: The Changing Geography of In African Migration and Urbanization in Comparative American Immigration, edited. New York, NY: Russell Sage Perspective, edited by M. Tienda, S. Findley, S. Tollman, and E. Foundation. Forthcoming. Preston-Whyte. Johannesburg: Witts University Press. 2006. Princeton University 67 2006 Publications

Massey, D.S. New Faces in New Places: The New Geography of Maynard, R., Lauver, S., Ritter, G., and Alberino, C. “Extended American Immigration, edited. New York: Russell Sage Learning Opportunities for Philadelphia Students: Local Foundation. Forthcoming. Actions, National Implications?” Journal of City and State Public Affairs. Forthcoming. Massey, D.S. Categorically Unequal: The American Stratification System, edited. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. McCormick, M.C., Brooks-Gunn, J., Buka, S.L., and et al. “Early Forthcoming. Intervention in Low Birth Weight Premature Infants: Results at 18 Years of Age for the Infant Health and Development Massey, D.S. “Understanding America’s Immigration Crisis.” Program.” Pediatrics, 117(3):771-780. 2006. American Philosophical Society Proceedings. Forthcoming. McLanahan, S.S. “Fragile Families and the Marriage Agenda.” Massey, D.S. “Immigration and Equal Opportunity.” In The Poor In Fragile Families and the Marriage Agenda, edited by L. Young Black Man: The Case for National Action, edited by E. Kowaleski-Jones, and N. Wolfinger. New York, NY: Spring Anderson. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. Science and Business Media, Inc. 2006. Forthcoming. McLanahan, S.S. “Single Mothers, Fragile Families.” In Ending Massey, D.S. “Borderline Madness: America’s Counterproductive Poverty: How to Restore the American Dream, edited by J. Immigration Policy.” In The Immigration Debate: A Edwards, M. Crain, and A. Kalleberg. New York, NY: The Multidisciplinary Approach, edited by C.M. Swain. New York: New Press. Forthcoming. Cambridge University Press. Forthcoming. Meadows, S.O. “Parents’ Mental Health and Early Childhood Massey, D.S., Durand, J., and Riosmena, F. “Social Capital, Social Behavior Problems.” Presented at the Postdoctoral Mental Policy, and Migration from Traditional and New Sending Health Seminar Series. Rutgers University. New Brunswick, Communities in Mexico.” Revista Española de Estudios NJ. October, 2006. Sociológiocos. Forthcoming. Meadows, S.O. “Is It There When You Need It? Perception and Massey, D.S., and Ehrmann, N. “Gender-Specific Effects of Adequacy of Received Instrumental Social Support.” Presented Ecological Segregation on College Achievement.” Social Science at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. Research. Forthcoming. Montreal, Canada. August, 2006. Massey, D.S., and Fernández-Kelly, P. “Border for Whom? The Meadows, S.O., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “The Role of NAFTA in Mexico-U.S. Migration.” Annals of the Effects of Parental Mental Health on Children: A Comparison American Academy of Political Sciences. Forthcoming. of Traditional and Non-traditional Families.” Presented at the Massey, D.S., and Fischer, M.J. “The Effects of Affirmative Action in Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America. Los Higher Education.” Social Science Research. Forthcoming. Angeles, CA. March 2006.

Massey, D.S., and Mooney, M. “The Academic Consequences of Meadows, S.O., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Parents’ America’s Three Affirmative Action Programs.” Social Problems. Mental Health and Early Childhood Behavior Problems Across Forthcoming. Family Types.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. Massey, D.S., and Mooney, M. “The Effects of America’s Three March, 2006. Affirmative Action Programs on Academic Performance.” Social Problems. Forthcoming. Meadows, S.O., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Parents’ Mental Health and Early Childhood Behavior Problems Across Massey, D.S., and Pèrez, S.M. “Immigration and Family Types.” Office of Population Research, Princeton Democratization: Crossing the Mexico-U.S. Border.” In University. Center for Research and Child Wellbeing Working Democratizations, edited by J.V. Ciprut, and H. Tuney. Albany, Paper No. 2006-12-FF. Princeton, NJ. 2006. NY: State University of New York Press. Forthcoming. Meadows, S.O., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Family Massey, D.S., and Sanchez, M. “Latino and American Identities Structure and Mental Health Trajectories.” Office of as Perceived by Immigrants.” Qualitative Sociology. Forthcoming. Population Research, Princeton University. Center for Research Massey, D.S., and Sanchez, M. “Percepción de la Identidad Latina and Child Wellbeing Working Paper No. 2006-33-FF. y Americana por Parte de los Immigrantes Latinos en Estados Princeton, NJ. 2006. Unidos.” In El Pais Transnacional Migracion Mexicana y Meadows, S.O. “Gender Similarity in Adolescent Depression and Cambio Social a Través del la Frontera, edited by M. Arizo, and Delinquency: Evidence for Parallel Pathways.” Social Forces. A. Portes. Mexico: Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales Forthcoming. UNAM. In press.

68 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Mielcarek DeRose, L., Wright, A.J., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Does Moreau, C., Trussell, J., and Bajos, N. “The Determinants and Puberty Account for the Gender Differential in Depression?” Circumstances of Use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills in In Women and Depression: A Handbook for the Social, France in the Context of Direct Pharmacy Assess.” Behavioral and Biomedical Sciences, edited by C.L.M. Keyes, Contraception, 74(6):476-482. 2006. and S.H. Goodman. New York, NY: Cambridge University Moreau, C., Bouyer, J., Rodríguez, G., and Trussell, J. Press. 2006. “Contraceptive Failure Rates in France: Results from a Mishell Jr., D.R., Guillebaud, J., Carolyn, W., Nelson, A., Population Based Survey.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of Kaunitz, A.M., Trussell, J., and Davis, A.J. “Combined the Population Association of America, poster presentation. Hormonal Contraceptive Trials: Variable Data Collection and New York, NY. March, 2007. Bleeding Assessment Methodologies Influence Study Outcomes Moreau, C., Bajos, N., and et l’équipe Cocon. “Les Logiques de and Physician Perception.” Contraception, 75(1):4-10. 2007. Prescription Contraceptive: de la Connaissance Médicale à la Mishell Jr., D.R., Guillebaud, J., Westhoff, C., Nelson, A., Norme Procréative, Quelle Place Pour le Choix des Femmes?” Kaunitz, A.M., Trussell, J., and Davis, A.J. “Recommendations Cahiers de L’INED. In press. for Standardization of Data Collection and Analysis of Moreau, C., Cleland, K., and Trussell, J. “Contraceptive Bleeding in Combined Hormone Contraceptive Trials.” Discontinuation Attributed to Method Dissatisfaction in the Contraception, 75(1):11-15. 2007. United States.” Contraception. In press. Moidduddin, E.M., and Massey, D.S. “Segregation, the Moreau, C., Trussell, J., Nelson, A.L., Cates, W., Stewart, F., and Concentration of Poverty, and Birth Weight.” Office of Kowal, D. “Oral Contraceptive Tolerance: Does the Type of Population Research, Princeton University. Center for Research Pill Matter?” Obstetrics and Gynecology. In press. and Child Wellbeing Working Paper No. 2006-31-FF. Princeton, NJ. 2006. Nahmias, P. “AIDS and Ethnicity: Ethnic Affiliation and HIV Status in Kenya.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Mooney, M. “The Catholic Church’s Institutional Responses to Population Association of America, poster presentation. Los Immigration: From Supra-National to Local Engagement.” Angeles, CA. March 2006. In Religion and Social Justice for Immigrants, edited by P. Hondagneu-Sotelo. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Nahmias, P. “AIDS and Ethnicity: Ethnic Affiliation and HIV Press. 2006. Status in Kenya.” Presented at the Eastern Sociological Society. Boston, MA. February, 2006. Mooney, M. “The Catholic Bishops Conference of the United States and France: Engaging Immigration as a Public Issue.” Neff, K., Cooper, C., E., and Woodruff, A.L. “Children’s and American Behavioral Scientist, 49(11):1455-1470. 2006. Adolescents’ Developing Perceptions of Gender Inequality.” Social Development. In press. Moreau, C., Bajos, N., and Trussell, J. “The Impact of Pharmacy Access to Emergency Contraceptive Pills in France.” Nepomnyaschy, L., and Reichman, N. “Low Birth Weight and Contraception, 73(6):602-608. 2006. Asthma Among Young Urban Children.” American Journal of Public Health, 96(9):1604-1610. 2006. Moreau, C., Bajos, N., and Trussell, J. “In France, Over the Counter Emergency Contraception Increases Access, Not Newman, K.S. Chutes and Ladders: Navigating the Low Wage Risk.” Perspective in Sexual and Reproductive Health, 38(4):226- Labor Market, edited. Cambridge and New York: Harvard 227. 2006. University Press and Russell Sage Foundation. 2006.

Moreau, C., Bouyer, J., Gilbert, F., Cocon group, and Bajos, N. Newman, K.S. “School Shootings: Why Terrible Things Happen “Demographic and Situational Factors Associated with in ‘Perfect’ Places.” Presented at the Princeton Presidential Inconsistent Use of Oral Contraceptives.” Perspectives on Sexual Lecture, Princeton University. Princeton, NJ. April, 2006. and Reproductive Health, 38(4):190-196. 2006. Newman, K.S. “The Mobility of the Working Poor.” Employee Moreau, C., Bouyer, J., Rodríguez, G., and Trussell, J. Rights and Employment Policy Journal, 10(1):116-120. 2006. “Contraceptive Failure Rates in France: Results from a Newman, K.S., and Massengill, R. “The Texture of Hardship: Population Based Survey.” Presented at the ARHP Conference, Qualitative Sociology on Poverty 1995-2005.” Annual Review poster presentation. La Jolla, California. September 7, 2006. of Sociology, 32(18):1-24. 2006. Moreau, C., Trussell, J., and Bajos, N. “The Determinants and Newman, K.S., and Aptekar, S. “Sticking Around: Delayed Departure Circumstances of Use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills in from the Parental Nest in Western Europe and Japan.” In The France in the Context of Direct Pharmacy Access.” Presented Economics of the Transition to Adulthood, edited by S. Danziger, and at the ARHP Conference, poster presentation. La Jolla, CA. C. Rouse. Russell Sage Foundation. Forthcoming. September 7, 2006. Princeton University 69 2006 Publications

Newman, K.S., and Chen, V.T. The Missing Class: The Near Poor Pager, D., and Freese, J. “Safety Net for Whom?: Race, Experience in Modern America, edited. Boston, MA: Beacon Assessments of Culpability, and Attitudes about Public Press. Forthcoming. Assistance for the Unemployed.” Presented at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. Montreal, Canada. Newman, K.S. “Up and Out: When the Working Poor are Poor August, 2006. No More.” Pp. 101-114, In Ending Poverty in America, edited by J. Edwards, A. Kalleberg, and L. Hogshead. New York: The Pager, D., and Quillian, L. “Estimating Risk: Biased Social New Press. In press. Perception and the Likelihood of Criminal Victimization.” Presented at the American Sociological Association Annual Newman, K.S. “Mass Murder: What Causes it? Can it Be Stopped? Meeting. Montreal, Canada. August, 2006. School Rampage Shootings.” Contexts:28-29. In press. Pager, D. “The Use of Field Experiments for Studies of Newman, K.S., and Jacobs, E. “Brothers’ Keepers? The Milits of Employment Discrimination: Contributions, Critiques, and New Deal Social Solidarity.” In What Do We Owe Each Other: Directions for the Future.” Annals of the American Academy of Rights and Obligations in Contemporary American Society, edited Political Sciences, 609:104-133. 2007. by H. Rosenthal, and D. Rothman. Transaction Press. In press. Pager, D. Two Strikes and You’re Out: The Intensification of Racial Newman, K.S., and Murphy, A. “Children’s Gainful Work: and Criminal Stigma, edited by D. Weiman, S. Bushway, and Historical and Cultural Perspectives.” In Chicago Companion to M. Stoll. New York, NY: Russell Sage Publications. the Child, edited by R. Shweder. Chicago, IL: University of Forthcoming. Chicago Press. In press. Pager, D. Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Nichols, T.R., Graber, J.A., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Botvin, G.J. Mass Incarceration, edited.: University of Chicago Press. “Gender Differences in Aggression and Delinquency among Forthcoming. Urban Minority Middle School Students.” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27:78-91. 2006. Paxson, C., and Case, A. “Children’s Health and Social Mobility.” Future of Children, 16(2):151-173. 2006. Niu, S.X., Sullivan, T., and Tienda, M. “Diversity by Design or Default: Minority Students and the Top 10% Law.” Presented Paxson, C., McDaniel, M., and Walsfogel, J. “Racial Disparities at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of in Childhood Asthma in the US: Evidence from the National America. Los Angeles, CA. March 30-April 1, 2006. Health Interview Survey, 1997-2003.” Pediatrics, 117(5):e868- e877. 2006. Niu, S.X., Tienda, M., and Cortes, K.E. “College Selectivity and the Texas Top 10% Law.” Economics of Education Review, Paxson, C., and Miller, D. “Relative Income, Race, and 25:259-272. 2006. Mortality.” Journal of Health Economics, 25:979-1003. Forthcoming. Niu, S.X., and Tienda, M. “College Choice and the Texas Top 10% Law: A Regression Discontinuity Approach.” Presented at Paxson, C., and Schady, N. “Cognitive Development among the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America. Young Children in Ecuador: The Roles of Wealth, Health and New York, NY. March, 2007. Parenting.” Journal of Human Resources. Forthcoming.

Niu, S.X., and Tienda, M. “Choosing Colleges: Identifying and Peach, C. “Muslims in the 2001 Census of England and Wales: Modeling Choice Sets.” Social Science Research. Forthcoming. Gender and Economic Disadvantage “ Ethnic and Racial Studies, 29(4):629-655. 2006. Noonen, K., Reichman, N., Cornman, H., and Dave, D. “Prenatal Drug Use and the Production of Infant Health.” Peach, C. “Islam, Ethnicity and South Asian Religions in the Health Economics, 16(4):361-384. 2007. London 2001 Census.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, NS 31(3):353-370. 2006. Osborne, C., and Knab, J.T. “Work, Welfare, and Young Children’s Health and Behavior in the Fragile Families and Peach, C. “South Asian Migration and Settlement in Great Child Wellbeing Study.” Children and Youth Services Review, Britain 1951-2001.” Contemporary South Asia, 15(2):133- 29(6):762-781. 2007. 146. 2006.

Osborne, C., and Knab, J.T. “Young Children’s Health and Perreira, K.M., and Cortes, K.E. “Race/Ethnicity and Nativity Behavior Following Welfare Reform.” Children and Youth Differences in Alcohol and Tobacco Use During Pregnancy.” Services Review. Forthcoming. American Journal of Public Health, 96:1629-1636. 2006.

Pager, D. “Evidence-Based Public Policy for Successful Prisoner Plotnick, R.D., Inhoe, K., Garfinkel, I., and McLanahan, S.S. Reentry.” Crime and Public Policy, 5(3):501-511. 2006. “The Impact of Child Support Enforcement Policy on Nonmarital Childbearing.” The Journal of Policy Analysis and 70 Office of Population Research Management, 26(1):79-98. 2007. Annual Report 2006

Portes, A. The New Latin Nation: Immigration and the Hispanic Raikes, H., Pan, B.A., Luze, G., Tamis-Le Monda, C.S., Brooks- Population of the United States, edited. Los Angeles, CA: The Gunn, J., Constantine, J., Tarullo, L.B., Raikes, H.A., and Tomas Rivera Policy Institute. Forthcoming. Rodriguez, E. “Mother-child Book Reading in Low-Income Families: Correlations and Outcomes during the First Three Portes, A. “Institutions and Development: A Conceptual Re- Years of Life.” Child Development, 77:954-953. 2006. analysis.” Population and Development Review. Forthcoming. Raley, R., Grossman, J.B., and Walker, K.E. “Getting it Right: Portes, A. Immigration and the International System: Strategies for After School Success.” Public/Private Ventures Transnationalism, Entrepreneurship, and the Second Generation, Report. Philadelphia, PA. 2006. edited. Lisbon: Fim do Seculo Editores. Forthcoming. Raso, G., Vounatsou, P., Singer, B., N’Goran, E.K., Tanner, M., Portes, A., and Centeno, M.A. “The Informal Economy in the and Utzinger, J. “An Integrated Approach for Risk Profiling Shadow of the State.” In Out of the Shadows: Political Action and Spatial Prediction of Schistosoma Mansoni - Hookworm and the Informal Economy in Latin America, edited by P. Coinfection.” Proceedings from the National Academy of Science, Fernández-Kelly, and J. Shefner. University Park, PA: 103(18):6934-6939. 2006. Pennsylvania State University Press. Forthcoming. Raymond, E.G., Goldberg, A., Trussell, J., Hays, M., Roach, E., Portes, A., Escobar, C., and Radford, A.W. “Immigrant and Taylor, D. “Bleeding Patterns After Use of Levonorgestrel Transnational Organizations and Development: A Comparative Emergency Contraceptive Pills.” Contraception, Study.” International Migration Review. Forthcoming. 72(4):376-381. 2006. Portes, A., and Roberts, B.R. “Coping with the Free Market City: Raymond, E., Trussell, J., and Polis, C. “Population Impact of Collective Action in Six Latin American Cities at the End of Increased Access to Emergency Contraceptive Pills: A the Twentieth Century.” Latin American Research Review. Systematic Review.” Obstetrical and Gynecology, Forthcoming. 109(1):181-188. 2007. Portes, A., and Rumbaut, R. Immigrant America: A Portrait, Reichman, N., Corman, H., and Noonen, K. “Effects of Child edited. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Health on Sources of Public Support.” Southern Economic Forthcoming. Journal, 73(1):136=156. 2006. Potere, D. “Global Environmental Change, Regional Challenges.” Reichman, N., Corman, H., Noonen, K., and Dave, D. Presented at the Earth System Science Partnership’s Open “Typically Unobserved Variables (TUVs) and Selection into Science Conference, poster presentation. Beijing, China. Prenatal Inputs: Implications for Estimating Infant Health November, 2006. Production Functions.” Office of Population Research, Potere, D. “Global Urban Maps.” Presented at the International Princeton University. Center for Research and Child Wellbeing Young Scientists Global Change Conference. Beijing China. Working Paper No. 2006-05-FF. Princeton, NJ. 2006. November, 2006. Reichman, N., and Teitler, J. “Paternal Age as a Risk Factor for Potere, D. “Six Global Maps of Urban Land Cover - Comparison Low Birthweight.” American Journal of Public Health, and Validation.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the 96(5):862-866. 2006. Population Association of America, poster presentation. Reichman, N., and Schwartz-Soicher, O. “Accuracy of Birth New York, NY. March 2007. Certificate Data by Risk Factors and Outcomes: Analysis of Potere, D., Feierabend, N., Strahler, A., and Bright, E. “Wal-Mart Data from New Jersey.” American Journal of Obstetrics and from Space: A New Land Cover Change Validation Product “ Gynecology, 196. In press. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing Forthcoming. Rodríguez, G. “Demographic Translation and Tempo Effects: An Potere, D., Woodcock, C., Schneider, A., Baccini, A., and Accelerated Failure Time Perspective.” Demographic Research, Ozdogon, M. “Forest Clearing along the Appalachian Trail 14(6):85-110. 2006. Corridor.” Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing Rodríguez, G. “Multilevel Generalized Linear Models.” In Forthcoming. Handbook of Quantitative Multilevel Modeling, edited by J.d. Pren, K. “The Effect of Parental Legal Status on their Children’s Leeuw, and I. Kreft. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Educational Outcomes: The Case of Mexican Migrants.” Publishers. Forthcoming. Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Rosenfeld, J. “Desperate Measures: Strikes and Wages in Post- Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. Accord America.” Social Forces, 85:235-265. 2006. March 30-April 1, 2006.

Princeton University 71 2006 Publications

Rosenfeld, J. “Widening the Gap: The Effects of Declining Seplaki, C., Goldman, N., Weinstein, M., and Lin, Y.-H. “Before Unionization on Managerial and Worker Pay, 1983-2000.” and After the 1999 Chi Chi Earthquake: Traumatic Events and Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Depressive Symptoms in an Older Population.” Social Science 24:223-238. 2006. and Medicine, 62:3121-3132. 2006.

Rubalcava, L., Teruel, G., Thomas, D., and Goldman, N. Seplaki, C., Goldman, N., Weinstein, M., and Lin, Y.-H. “Do Healthier Mexicans Migrate to the United States? “Measurement of Cumulative Physiological Dysregulation in New Findings from the Mexican Family Life Survey.” American an Older Population.” Demography, 1:165-183. 2006. Journal of Public Health. Forthcoming. Silver, L.M. Challenging Nature: The Clash of Science and Ryan, R.M., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Is One Good Enough Parent Spirituality at the New Frontiers of Life, edited. New York: Ecco Good Enough? Patterns of Father and Mother Parenting and Press. 2006. their Combined Associations with Concurrent Child Silver, L.M. “Why GM is Good for Us: Genetically Modified Outcomes at 24 and 36 Months.” Parenting: Science and Foods May be Greener than Organic Ones “ Newsweek Practice, 6(2):211-228. 2006. International, March 20. 2006. Ryff, C.D., Love, G.D., Urry, H.L., Muller, D., Rosenkranz, Silver, L.M. “The Environment’s Best Friend: GM or Organic?” M.A., Friedman, E.M., Davidson, R.J., and Singer, B. New York Academy of Sciences Magazine, May-June. 2006. “Psychological Well-being and Ill-being: Do They Have Distinct or Mirrored Biological Correlates?” Psychotherapy and Silver, L.M. “A Nasty Mother.” The Scientist, July:48-53. 2006. Psychosomatics, 75:85-95. 2006. Silver, L.M. “Raising Beast People: Science is Blurring the Line Ryff, C.D., and Singer, B. “Best News Yet for the Six-factor between Humans and Animals.” Newsweek International, Model of Well-being.” Social Science Research, July 31, 2006. 35:1103-1119. 2006. Singer, B., and Castro, M.C.d. “Enhancement and Suppression of Ryff, C.D., and Singer, B. “What to do about Positive and Malaria in the Amazon.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine Negative Items in Studies of Psychological Well-being and Ill- and Hygiene, 74(1):1-2. 2006. being.” Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 76:61. 2007. Singer, B., Utzinger, J., Ryff, C.D., Wang, Y., and Holmes, E. Sanbonmatsu, L., Kling, J.R., Duncan, G.J., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Exploiting the Potential of Metabonomics in Large Population “Neighborhoods and Academic Achievement: Results from the Studies: Three Venues.” In The Handbook of Metabonomics and Moving to Opportunity Experiment.” Journal of Human Metabolomics, edited by J.C. Lindon, J.K. Nicholson, and E. Resources, 41:649-691. 2006. Holmes. Amsterdam: Elsevier Press. 2007.

Sanchez, M. “Insecurity and Violence as a New Power Relation in Slack, K.S., Magnuson, K., Berger, L.M., Yoo, J., Coley, R., Latin America.” Annals of Academy of Political and Social Dunifon, R., Dworsky, A., Kalil, A., Knab, J.T., Lohman, B., Science, 606(1). 2006. and Osborne, C. “Family Economic Well-being Following the 1996 Welfare Reform: Trend Data from 5 Non-Experimental Sanchez, M., and Massey, D.S. “En quê de leur Identite: Les Panel Studies.” Children and Youth Services Review, 29(6):698- Latinos sans documents aux Etats Unis.” Presented at the 720. 2007. Chaire Quetelet 2006. Les Systemes D’Information en Demographie et en Sciences Sociales. Belgium. Universite de Slama, R., Moreau, C., and Spira, A. “Quels Couples Choisissent Louvaine La Neuve. Nov/Dec, 2006. de Médicaliser une Difficulté à Procréer?” Cahiers de L’INED. In press. Sanchez, M. “Free Trade and Latin America: Echoes and Repercussions for International Migration.” In Integrating the Small, M.L. “Neighborhood Institutions as Resource Brokers: Americas First Annual Conference. Labor in the Americas: Childcare Centers, Inter-organizational Ties, and Resource Integration and Free Trade, edited. Austin, Texas: University of Access among the Poor.” Social Problems. Forthcoming. Texas, Austin. In press. Small, M.L. “Race and Ethnic Politics.” In Blackwell Encyclopedia Sastry, N., Ghosh-Dastidar, B., Adams, J., and Pebley, A. “The of Sociology, edited. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. Design of a Multilevel Survey of Children, Families and Forthcoming. Communities: The Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Small, M.L. “Lost in Translation: How Not to Make Qualitative Survey.” Social Science Research. Forthcoming. Research More Scientific.” In Report from Workshop on Interdisciplinary Standards for Systematic Qualitative Research, edited. Washington, D.C.: National Science Foundation. Forthcoming. 72 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Small, M.L. “Black Students’ Graduation from Elite Colleges: Do Soneji, S. “Disparities in Disability Life Expectancy in U.S. Birth Institutional Characteristics Matter?” Social Science Research. Cohorts: The Influence of Sex and Race.” Presented at the Forthcoming. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, Ecology of the Male Life Course. Rauischholzhausen, Small, M.L., and McDermott, M. “The Presence of Germany. 2006. Organizational Resources in Poor Urban Neighborhoods: An Analysis of Average and Contextual Effects.” Social Forces. Soneji, S. “Racial Disparities in Disability Life Expectancy.” Forthcoming. Presented at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. Montreal, Canada. August, 2006. Smith, K.V., and Goldman, N. “Socioeconomic Differences in Health among Older Adults in Mexico.” Social Science and Soneji, S. “On the Estimation of Disability-Free Life Expectancy: Medicine. Forthcoming. Sullivan’s Method and Its Extension.” Presented at the International Network on Health Expectancy and the Smith-Simone, S., and Curbow, B. “Differing Psychosocial Disability Process. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2006. Profiles of Young Adult Waterpipe, Cigar, and Cigarette Smokers.” Presented at the World Conference on Tobacco or Steiner, M., Trussell, J., Metha, N., Condon, S., Subramaniam, Health. Washington, D.C. 2006. S., and Bourne, D. “Communicating Contraceptive Effectiveness: A Randomized Trial to Inform a World Health Smith-Simone, S., and Curbow, B. “Differing Psychosocial Organization Family Planning Handbook.” American Journal Profiles of Young Adult Waterpipe, Cigar, and Cigarette of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 195(1):85-91. 2006. Smokers.” Presented at the Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA. 2006. Teague, C.R., Dhabhar, F.S., Barton, R.H., Beckwith-Hall, B., Powell, J., Cobain, M., Singer, B., McEwen, B., Lindon, J.C., Nicholson, Smith-Simone, S., and Curbow, B. “Psychosocial Correlates of J.K., and Holmes, E. “Metabonomic Studies on the Physiological Waterpipe, Cigar, and Cigarette Use in College Freshmen.” Effects of Acute and Chronic Psychological Stress in Sprague- Presented at the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Dawley Rats.” Journal of Proteome Research, May 2007. (SRNT) Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL. 2006. Teitler, J., Reichman, N., and Koball, H. “Contemporaneous Smith-Simone, S., Curbow, B., and Stillman, F. “Young Adult Versus Retrospective Reports of Cohabitation in the Fragile Harm Perceptions of Nicotine Products.” Presented at the Families Survey.” Journal of Marriage and the Family, World Conference on Tobacco or Health. 68:469-477. 2006. Washington, D.C. 2006. Teitler, J., Reichman, N., Nepomnyaschy, L., and Martinson, M. Smith-Simone, S., Curbow, B., and Stillman, F. “Harm “A Cross-National Comparison of Birth Outcomes in the U.K. Perception of Nicotine Products in College Freshmen.” and the U.S.” Presented at the Annual Research Conference of Presented at the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. (SRNT) Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL. 2006. Madison, WI. November 2006. Smith-Simone, S., Maziak, W., Ward, K.D., and Eissenberg, T. Teitler, J., and Reichman, N. “Mental Illness as a Barrier to “Waterpipe Use on U.S. College Campuses.” Presented at the Marriage among Mothers with Out-of-Wedlock Births.” Office Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) Annual of Population Research, Princeton University. Center for Meeting. Austin, TX. 2007. Research and Child Wellbeing Working Paper No. 2007-01-FF. Smith-Simone, S., Curbow, B., and Stillman, F. “Harm Princeton, NJ. 2007. Perception of Nicotine Products in College Freshmen.” Teitler, J., Reichman, N., and Hamilton, E. “Do Neighborhood Nicotine and Tobacco Research. In press. Poverty and Racial Composition Affect Black Birthweight?” Smith-Simone, S., Maziak, W., Ward, K.D., and Eissenberg, T. Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population “Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, Association of America. New York, NY. March 2007. and Behavior in Two U.S. Samples.” Nicotine and Tobacco Teitler, J., Reichman, N., Nepomnyaschy, L., and Martinson, Research. In press. M. “A Cross-National Comparison of Racial and Ethnic Soneji, S. “On the Estimation of Disability-Free Life Expectancy.” Disparities in Low Birthweight in the United States and United Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Kingdom.” Presented at the NICHD-NCES Early Childhood Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. March 2006. Longitudinal Study - Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) First Release Conference on Child Health and Development. Bethesda, Soneji, S. “Racial Disparities in Disability-Free Life Expectancy.” MD. May, 2007. Presented at the Réseau Espérance de Vie en Santé (REVES) Annual Meeting. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. May, 2006.

Princeton University 73 2006 Publications

Teitler, J., Reichman, N., and Nepomnyaschy, L. “Determinants Tienda, M., and Sullivan, T.A. “The Promise and Peril of The of TANF Participation: A Multilevel Analysis.” Social Service Texas Uniform Admission Law.” In The Next Twenty Five Review. Forthcoming. Years? Affirmative Action and Higher Education in the United States and South Africa, edited by M. Hall, M. Krislov, and Tienda, M. “Harnessing Diversity in Higher Education: Lessons D.L. Featherman. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan from Texas.” Pp. 7-14, In Ford Policy Forum, edited by M. Press. Forthcoming. Devlin. Washington, DC: NACUBO and the Forum for the Future of Higher Education. 2006. Tolani, N., and Brooks-Gunn, J. “Are There Socioeconomic Disparities in Children’s Mental Health?” In The Crisis of Youth Tienda, M. “The Promise and Peril of The Texas Uniform Admission in Mental Health, edited by H.E. Fitzgerald, Law.” Presented at the American Education Research Association B.M. Lester, and B. Zuckerman. Westport, CT: (AERA) Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA. 2006. Greenwood Press. 2006. Tienda, M., Findley, S., Tollman, S., and Preston-Whyte, E. Torres, K. “Black Like Who? Exploring the Racial, Ethnic, and Africa on the Move: African Migration and Urbanization in Class Diversity of Black Students at Selective Colleges and Comparative Perspective, edited by M. Tienda, S. Findley, S. Universities.” Presented at the American Sociological Tollman, and E. Preston-Whyte. Johannesburg: Wits Association Annual Meeting. Montreal, Canada. August, 2006. University Press. 2006. Torres, K. “Black Like Who? Exploring the Racial, Ethnic, and Tienda, M., Jachimowicz, M., and Findley, S. “Introduction.” Pp. Class Diversity of Black Students at Selective Colleges and 1-11, In African Migration and Urbanization in Comparative Universities.” Presented at the Eastern Sociological Society Perspective, edited by M. Tienda, S. Findley, S. Toffman, and E. Meetings. Philadelphia, PA. March 2007. Preston-Whyte. Johannesburg, South Africa: Wits University Press. 2006. Torres, K. “If You’re a Black Person You Should at Least Understand Where I’m Coming From... Segregation and the Tienda, M., and Mitchell, F. Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies: Intraracial Divide at an Ivy League University.” Presented at Hispanics and the American Future, edited by M. Tienda, and F. the Sociology of Education Association. Pacific Grove, CA. Mitchell. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 2006. February 2007. Tienda, M., and Mitchell, F. “Hispanics and the Future of Tourangeau, R., Conrad, F., Arens, Z., Fricker, S., Lee, S., and America.” Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 2006. Smith, E. “Everyday Concepts and Classification Errors: Tienda, M., and Mitchell, F. “Introduction: E. Pluribus Plures or Judgments of Disability and Residence.” Journal of Official E. Pluribus Unum.” Pp. 1-15, In Hispanics and America’s Statistics. Forthcoming. Future, edited by M. Tienda, and F. Mitchell. Washington, Trussell, J., and Jordan, B. “Reproductive Health Risks in DC: National Academy Press. 2006. Perspective.” Contraception, 73(5):437-439. 2006. Tienda, M., and Niu, S.X. “Flagships, Feeders, and the Texas Top Trussell, J., and Jordan, B. “Mechanism of Action of Emergency 10% Law: A Test of the ‘Brain Drain’ Hypothesis.” Journal of Contraceptive Pills.” Contraception, 74(2):87-89. 2006. Higher Education, 76(4):712-739. 2006. Trussell, J., and Raymond, E. “Preventing Unintended Tienda, M., and Niu, S.X. “Capitalizing on Segregation, Pregnancy: Let Us Count the Ways.” The Lancet, Pretending Neutrality: College Admissions and the Texas Top 368(9549):1747-1748. 2006. 10% Law.” American Law and Economics Review, 8:312-346. 2006. Trussell, J. “Bleeding After Use of the Levonorgestrel Regimen of Emergency Contraception: Concordance between Women’s Tienda, M. “Diversity and the Demographic Dividend.” Reports of their Menstrual Periods and an Objective In The Price We Pay: Economic and Social Consequences of Algorithm.” Contraception, 75(1):32-36. 2007. Inadequate Education, edited by C. Belfield, and H. Levin. Washington, DC: Brookings. Forthcoming. Trussell, J. “The Cost of Unintended Pregnancy in the United States.” Contraception, 75(3):168-170. 2007. Tienda, M. “Onda Nueva: Hispanic Demographic Dividend or Bulge at the Bottom?” In Politics of Inclusion: Higher Education Trussell, J., and Raymond, E. “Emergency Contraception.” In at a Crossroads, edited by J.C. Boyer, and S. Ort. Chapel Hill, Advances in Fertility Studies and Reproductive Medicine, edited NC: University of North Carolina Press. Forthcoming. by T.F. Kruger, Z.M.v.d. Spuy, and R.D. Kempers. Cape Town, SA: Juta & Company Ltd. 2007.

Trussell, J., and Guthrie, K. “Talking Straight about Emergency Contraception.” British Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. In press. 74 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Trussell, J., and Lynn, L.L. “Reducing Unintended Pregnancy.” Center for Research and Child Wellbeing Working Paper No. Contraception. In press. 2006-26-FF. Princeton, NJ. 2006.

Turra, C.M., and Goldman, N. “Socioeconomic Differences in Wildeman, C. “Parental Imprisonment, the Prison Boom, and the Mortality among U.S. Adults: Insights into the Hispanic Concentration of Childhood Disadvantage.” Presented at the Paradox.” Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences: S184-S192. 2007. Probing the Penal State. University of California-Berkeley. May, 2006. Tyler, J.H., and Kling, J.R. “Prison-based Education and Re-entry into the Mainstream Labor Market.” In The Impact of Wildeman, C. “Becoming a Dad: Employment Trajectories of Incarceration on Labor Market Outcomes, edited by S. Bushway, Married, Cohabiting, and Non-resident Fathers.” Presented at M. Stoll, and D. Weiman. New York, NY: Russell Sage the Eastern Sociological Society. Boston, MA. February, 2006. Foundation Press. Forthcoming. Wildeman, C. “Parental Imprisonment, the Prison Boom, and the Waldfogel, J., and Berger, L.M. “Child Protection.” International Concentration of Childhood Disadvantage.” Presented at the Encyclopedia of Social Policy. Forthcoming. American Sociological Association Meetings. New York, NY. August 2007. Wang, W., Utzinger, J., Xiao, S.H., Xue, J., Nicholson, J.K., Tanner, M., Singer, B., and Holmes, E. “System Level Wildeman, C. “Parental Imprisonment, the Prison Boom, and the Metabolic Effects of Schistosoma Japonicum Infection in the Concentration of Childhood Disadvantage.” Presented at the Syrian Hamster.” Molecular Biochemistry and Parasitology, Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America. 146(1):1-9. 2006. New York, NY. March 2007.

Western, B. “Punishment and Inequality in America.” Presented Wildeman, C. “Conservative Protestantism and Paternal at the Cornell University. Ithaca, NY. March, 2006. Engagement in Fragile Families.” Sociological Forum. Forthcoming. Western, B. “Introduction “ In Society of Captives, edited by G. Sykes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Forthcoming. Wong, R., Díaz, J.J., and Espinoza Higgins, M. “Health Care Use Among Elderly Mexicans in the U.S. and in Mexico: The Role Western, B., Kleykamp, M., and Rosenfeld, J. “Economic of Health Insurance.” Research on Aging, 28(3):393-408. 2006. Inequality and the Rise in U.S. Imprisonment.” Social Forces. Forthcoming. Wong, R., and Espinoza Higgins, M. “Longitudinal Study of Intergenerational Assistance in Middle-and Old-Age in Western, B., and Pettit, B. “Black-White Wage Inequality, Mexico.” Presented at the Latin American Studies Association. Employment Rates, and Incarceration.” American Journal of San Juan, Puerto Rico. March 2006. Sociology. Forthcoming. Wong, R., and Espinoza Higgins, M. “Salud de Adultos Mayores Westoff, C.F. “Recent Trends in Rates of Sexual Activity in en un Contexto Socioeconómico Amplio: el Estudio Nacional sub-Saharan Africa.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of the de Salud y Envejecimiento en México (Health among the Population Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. Elderly within an Ample Socioeconomic Context: The March 2006. Mexican Health and Aging Study).” Revista de Salud Pública de Westoff, C.F. “The Stall in the Fertility Transition in Kenya.” México, 48(7):1-1. 2007. DHS Analytical Studies No. 9. Calverton, MD: ORC Wong, R., and Espinoza Higgins, M. “Dynamics of Macro. 2006. Intergenerational Assistance in Middle- and Old-Age in Westoff, C.F. “New Estimates of Unmet Need and the Demand Mexico.” In The Health of Aging Hispanics: The Mexican-origin for Family Planning.” DHS Analytical Studies No. 14. Population, edited by J.L. Angel, and K.E. Whitfield. Springer Calverton, MD: ORC Macro. 2006. Verlag Publishing Company. 2007.

Westoff, C.F., and Frejka, T. “Religion, Religiousness and Fertility Wu, J., Gipson, T., Chin, N., Wynn, L.L., Cleland, K., Morrison, in the United States and in Europe.” Presented at the Annual C., and Trussell, J. “Women Seeking Emergency Contraceptive Meetings of the Population Association of America. Los Pills via the Internet: A Mixed Methods Study.” Obstetrical and Angeles, CA. March 2006. Gynecology. In press.

Westoff, C.F. “Recent Trends in Rates of Sexual Activity in Wynn, L. “Women, Gender and Domestic Space: The Gulf.” In sub-Saharan Africa.” Journal of Biosocial Science, Cambridge Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, edited by S. University Press. 2007. Joseph. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. 2006. Wildeman, C. “Authoritative, Authoritarian, or Something Less? Conservative Christianity and Parental Involvement in Fragile Families.” Office of Population Research, Princeton University. Princeton University 75 2006 Publications

Wynn, L. “Courtship in the Arab States.” In Encyclopedia of Wynn, L., and Trussell, J. “The Social Life of Emergency Women and Islamic Cultures, Vol. III: Family, Body, Sexuality, Contraception in the United States: Disciplining and Health, edited by S. Joseph. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Pharmaceutical Use, Disciplining Sexuality, and Constructing Academic Publishers. 2006. Zygotic Bodies.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 20(3):297-320. 2006. Wynn, L. “Ablution and Purification, Prayer, Fasting and Piety: The Gulf.” In The Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, Vol. V: Wynn, L., and Trussell, J. “Images of American Sexuality in Practices, Interpretations and Representations, edited by S. Joseph. Debates over Nonprescription Access to Emergency Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. 2006. Contraceptive Pills.” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 108(5):1272-1276. 2006. Wynn, L. “Women, Gender, and Religious Commemorations in the Gulf and Yemen.” In The Encyclopedia of Women and Wynn, L. “Sex Orgies, a Marauding Prince, and Other Urban Islamic Cultures, Vol. V: Practices, Interpretations and Myths about Gulf Tourism in Egypt.” Presented at the Representations, edited by S. Joseph. Leiden, The Netherlands: Symposium: Cosmopolitanism in Modern Egypt. Middle Brill Academic Publishers. 2006. East Center, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA. February, 2007. Wynn, L. “Women, Gender, and Domestic Space: The Gulf.” In The Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, Vol. IV: Wynn, L. Pyramids and Nightclubs: A Travel Ethnography of Arab Economics, Education, Mobility, and Space, edited by S. and Western Imaginations of Egypt, from King Tut and Joseph. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. a Colony of Atlantis to Rumors of Sex Orgies, Urban Legends 2006. about a Marauding Prince, and Blonde Belly Dancers, edited. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. In press. Wynn, L. “Women, Gender, and Female Space: The Gulf.” In The Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, Vol. IV: Economics, Education, Mobility, and Space, edited by S. Joseph. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. 2006.

Wynn, L. “Women, Gender, and Tourism: Egypt.” In The Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, Vol. IV: Economics, Education, Mobility, and Space, edited by S. Joseph. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. 2006.

Wynn, L. “Consulting the Female Body: Saudi Arabia and Gulf States.” In The Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, Vol. III: Family, Body, Sexuality, and Health, edited by S. Joseph. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. 2006.

Wynn, L. “Emergency Contraception: A New Medical Technology in the Middle East.” Presented at the Reproductive Health in the Middle East and North Africa: New Technologies, Emerging Priorities. Middle East Studies Association Meetings. Boston, MA. November, 2006.

Wynn, L. “An Ethics of Accountability in Debates over Access to Emergency Contraceptive Pills in the U.S. and Canada.” Presented at the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population Conference. Wassenaar, The Netherlands. September, 2006.

Wynn, L. “Emergency Contraception and the FDA: The Social Life of a New Medical Technology.” Presented at the Emergency Contraception: Politicization and Cultural Construction of a Global Reproductive Health Technology. Society for Medical Anthropology Meetings. Vancouver, B.C., Canada. March/April, 2006.

76 Office of Population Research T RAINING IN D EMOGRAPHY AT P RINCETON

Degree Programs basic competence in mathematics and statistics, as well Demography has been a topic for graduate study at as mastery of demography and a related discipline (e.g., Princeton since the founding of the Office of sociology, economics, or public affairs). Specific Population Research in 1936. There is a wide range of requirements include completion of the General specializations encompassed by the field, including Examination, a research paper of publishable quality, substantive and methodological subjects in the social, and the Ph.D. dissertation. The General Examination mathematical, and biological sciences. OPR faculty consists of three examinations, usually taken over the associates’ broad teaching and research interests span the course of two years, in which the student must fields of population and environment, population and demonstrate proficiency in basic demographic theory development, population policy, poverty and child and methods as well as proficiency in two of the following wellbeing, social and economic demography, and fields of concentration: migration, immigration, and statistical and mathematical demography. Four levels of urbanization; health and mortality; population and certification of graduate training in population studies development; population and the environment; health are available. First, the Program in Population Studies and population policy; mathematical and statistical offers a Ph.D. in demography that is intended for demography; and poverty and child wellbeing. More students who wish to specialize in demography and detailed information on degree requirements may be receive additional training in technical and substantive obtained from the Director of Graduate Studies or the areas. Second, the Program in Population Studies offers administrator for the program. a general examination in demography that is accepted Departmental Degree with by the Departments of Economics, Politics, Sociology, Specialization in Population and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and The majority of students who study at the OPR are International Affairs as partial fulfillment of their degree doctoral candidates in the Departments of Economics, requirements. Those students who elect to specialize in Sociology, and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public population write their dissertations on a demographic and International Affairs who choose to specialize in subject. Third, by completing additional requirements population. To do so, they must complete the general established by the program, a student may earn a joint examination in demography and write a dissertation on degree in demography and one of the affiliated a demographic subject, supervised by program faculty, departments listed above. Fourth, the program offers a as part of their departmental requirements. In some non-degree Certificate in Demography upon completion additional departments, such as History, Politics, or of three graduate courses and a supervised research Biology, the general examination in demography may project. Applicants are usually enrolled MPA students also be accepted as partial fulfillment of degree from the Woodrow Wilson School. requirements, and students in these departments may Ph.D. in Demography also elect to write their doctoral dissertations on a topic A small number of entering graduate students with a related to demography. The degree earned would be a strong interest in population and a strong quantitative Ph.D. in the discipline, e.g., Economics, Sociology, or background, often in statistics, mathematics, or Public Affairs. Application should be made to the relevant environmental sciences (though not limited to these department, indicating Demography as the area of interest. fields), will be accepted into a course of study leading to Joint-Degree Program a Ph.D. in Demography. For the Program in Population Ph.D. candidates in good standing in the Departments Studies, applicants are required to submit scores from of Economics, Sociology, or the Woodrow Wilson the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), and for those School of Public and International Affairs may wish to students whose native language is not English and who do a joint degree. The degree earned would be a Ph.D. have not had advanced training at an English-speaking in Economics and Demography, Sociology and institution, the Test of English as a Foreign Language Demography, or Public Affairs and Demography. (TOEFL) is also required. Application should be made Application should be made to the relevant department. to Population Studies (POP). As part of this program of To qualify for a joint degree, the student must fulfill all graduate training, students are required to demonstrate Princeton University 77 Training in Demography at Princeton

home departmental requirements, including passing the years ago as OPR’s specialized research library, it is now general examination in demography and writing a a special library in the Princeton University Library dissertation on a topic related to the study of population. system. The Coale Collection is considered to be thep- In addition, the candidate for the joint degree must pass remier collection of demographic material in the a general examination in one additional specialized field country. The highly trained library staff provide superb of population beyond what is required for the standard support to students, assisting them to conduct literature departmental degree. Permission to do the joint degree searches of all pertinent data bases, tracking and obtaining is obtained from the Director of Graduate Studies for pertinent material through inter-library loans, and the Program in Population Studies. It is not necessary to conducting training classes for students who are apply for the joint degree as part of the application to interested in learning the latest technological advances Princeton. Instead, the decision to apply for the joint in library science to assist them in their research. degree is usually made by students during their second The OPR is also home to the Bendheim-Thoman or third year of study. Center for Research on Child Wellbeing (CRCW); Certificate in Demography more information about CRCW can be found on the The Office of Population Research, in connection with OPR website at http://opr.princeton.edu The OPR is the Program in Population Studies, offers a non-degree also affiliated with the Center for Health and Wellbeing Certificate in Demography to those who successfully (CHW) and the Center for Migration and complete four graduate courses in population studies Development (CMD). More information about CHW (ECO/SOC 571, ECO/SOC 572, WWS 587, and one can be found at http://wws.princeton.edu/~chw. For other approved population-related course). The first two more information on CMD, see http://cmd.princeton.edu are the basic graduate courses in demography: These centers, which are all housed in Wallace Hall and ECO/SOC 571 is offered in the fall semester and is a fully accessible and utilized by OPR graduate students prerequisite for ECO/SOC 572, which is offered in the and visiting scholars, provide excellent funding and spring semester. WWS 587 entails completion of a research opportunities, conferences, and seminars. research project, which involves individual research There are a number of lecture series organized by OPR under faculty supervision. A decision on the fourth faculty and students. The Notestein Seminars is a weekly course is made together with the Director of Graduate formal seminar given both by distinguished outside Studies. Applicants are usually enrolled MPA students speakers and by staff and students of the office. The from the Woodrow Wilson School. The certificate students also organize their own brown-bag seminar program is intended primarily for training scholars from series in a less formal setting in which they present other disciplines and does not lead to an advanced works in progress or discuss the development of ideas degree at Princeton. for research topics. The CRCW hosts a regular weekly Training Resources working group luncheon, the CMD organizes a Training opportunities at the Office of Population colloquium series, and the CHW holds regular weekly Research are enhanced by the strength of its resources, afternoon lectures, as well as co-hosting seminars with such as The Ansley J. Coale Population Research other centers and programs. Conferences hosted by the Collection in the Donald E. Stokes Library, located in various centers also provide excellent opportunities for Wallace Hall, the home of OPR. It is one of the oldest trainees to gain familiarity with both the most current demography libraries in the world. Founded over 35 research and the leading researchers in the field.

78 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Courses Data Analysis Workshop Germán Rodríguez POP 500 Mathematical Demography Covers application of statistical methods in social science Noreen Goldman research. Emphasis is on hands-on data analysis and discussions Examines some of the ways in which mathematics and of key techniques. Issues may include: formulation of the probability can be used to analyze population processes. Focus research problem; choice of appropriate model, data extraction; is on population models that have direct application in merging/combining datasets; constructing variables/summary demography: survival models, stable and non-stable indicators; strategies for handling missing data; interpreting populations, population projections and models of marriage odds ratios, coefficients, relative risks; prediction/simulation as and birth. Offered in alternate years with POP 501. tools for interpreting results; understanding interaction terms, clustered data, robust estimation of standard errors, presenting POP 501 Statistical Demography results; effective use of tables/graphs; selectivity and endogeneity; Germán Rodríguez causal inferences. Statistical methods applied to the analysis of demographic data. The focus is on estimating the effects of concomitant Demography & Epidemiology variables on demographic processes such as nuptiality, fertility, Burton Singer or mortality using micro data. Statistical techniques to be Focuses on the interrelationships between human population studied include non-parametric regression, models for survival growth, migration, ecosystem structure, and disease analysis, multiple-spell event history analysis, and models for transmission. Particular emphasis given to integrating classical counts of events. Particular attention is given to issues of demographic and historical materials with molecular genetic over-dispersion and unobserved heterogeneity. The course is evidence to refine our understanding of the origin and spread offered in alternate years. of infectious diseases. Gene-environment interactions, with particular emphasis on social stratification, and their role in POP 502 Health Care in Developing Countries chronic disease incidence and mortality also discussed. Staff This course examines the process of formulating health Economics of Health policies in developing countries by looking at both theory and Adriana Lleras-Muney practical experience. Topics include: the health sector reform This course analyzes a wide variety of health care issues from process and implementation, the 1994 Cairo International an economic perspective. The course starts a review of basic Conference on Population and Development plan of action economic theory, review of basic empirical strategies in health and its implementation, and the experience of setting policies and an overview of the fundamental institutional aspects of for specific health issues. Case studies from several developing health care in the US. Some topics covered are: What are the countries highlighting their experience in implementing determinants of health? Do drug addicts behave rationally? various health policies will be presented. Do health insurance markets work as other markets? Should the government regulate health care provision and insurance POP 503 Evaluation of Demographic Research markets? Why have health care cost risen and is it a problem? Noreen Goldman What have been the effects of managed care? Are physicians This course is designed for graduate students who have some paid more than they deserve? Depending on student experience in demographic research and demographic methods. preferences, additional topics may include: comparison of The objectives are to teach students to critically examine how health care systems across western countries, debate about the researchers tackle demographic research questions and to proposed Clinton health care reform, etc. explore the construction of a dissertation and a publishable quality research paper. Immigration Alejandro Portes POP 504 Topics in Demography This course examines the determinants and consequences of Staff migration and immigration in the United States. Theoretical Examples of current and past topics include: and methodological issues are discussed, and immigration and Controlling HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis migration are analyzed with reference to national and local Burton Singer policy. Specific topics include demographic consequences in Workshop focuses on implementing national disease control the short and long run, the impact on regional economies, plans within the developing world. The goal is to determine differential effects of legal and illegal immigration, political what steps are needed to scale up a disease-control program implications, and cultural issues. (involving the federal government, the local government, health care providers, infrastructure, drug resistance, the clash between high-tech solutions vs. local ecological tools, and Princeton University 79 sustainability, etc.) in a developing country. Training in Demography at Princeton

Poverty, Inequality and Health: Global and POP 506 Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity National Perspectives Elizabeth Armstrong and Harold Shapiro Angus Deaton Examines the ethical issues arising in the context of scientific This is a course about global and national wellbeing, with a research. Evaluates the role and responsibilities of professional particular focus on economic wellbeing, income, and on researchers in dealing with plagiarism, fraud, conflict over health. It explores what has happened to poverty, inequality, authorial credit, and ownership of data. In addition, it and health, both in the US, and internationally. We will undertakes a broader inquiry into conceptions of professional discuss the conceptual foundations of national and global integrity, and the responsibilities that scientists have to their measures of inequality, poverty, and health, the construction research subjects, to their students and apprentices, as well as of the measures, and the extent to which they can be trusted. to society at large. We will also explore the links between health and income, why poor people are less healthy and live less long than rich POP 507 Qualitative Research Methods people in the US and abroad, between rich and poor Patricia Fernández-Kelly countries, over history, and as incomes and health have Focuses on theoretical and qualitative research techniques. improved in parallel. Also examines the idea that income Instruction and supervised practice in qualitative methods of inequality is itself a health hazard. field research as a basic tool of the social sciences are provided. An emphasis is placed on the role of the field researcher as Reproductive Health and Reproductive Rights participant, observer, and interviewer in various kinds of James Trussell research settings, and on approaches to applications of field Examines selected topics in reproductive health, with primary data to policy analysis. emphasis on contemporary domestic issues in the United States-such as unintended pregnancy, abortion, adolescent POP 508/WWS 598 Epidemiology pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infection-but within the Noreen Goldman context of the international agenda on reproductive rights Areas of focus include measurement of health status, illness established in the 1994 Cairo International Conference on occurrence, mortality and impact of associated risk factors; Population and Development. techniques for design, analysis and interpretation of epidemiologic research studies; sources of bias and confounding; Public Policy and the Demography of U.S. Minority Groups and causal inference. Also includes foundations of modern Marta Tienda epidemiology, the epidemiologic transition, reemergence of Provides an overview of the changing demography of U.S. infectious disease, social inequalities in health, and ethical minority groups and critically reviews theoretical perspectives of issues. Examines the bridging of “individual-centered” race and ethnic stratification. Attention is paid to immigration epidemiology and “macro-epidemiology” to recognize social, and its impact on U.S. population composition. Public economic and cultural context, assess impacts on populations, policies that putatively address (or redress) race and ethnic and provides important inputs for public health and health policy. inequality, including equal opportunity, anti-discrimination, affirmative action, and immigrant and refugee policies POP 509A Survival Analysis are evaluated. Germán Rodríguez This half-course offered in the first half of the spring term POP 505/WWS 585 Population, Environment and Health focuses on the statistical analysis of time-to-event or survival Burton Singer data. We introduce the hazard and survival functions; This course focuses on the interrelationships between the censoring mechanisms, parametric and non-parametric demographic structure and dynamics of human populations, estimation, and comparison of survival curves. We cover their physical and mental health, and the ecological systems continuous and discrete-time regression models with emphasis with which they interact. Case studies include: agricultural on Cox’s proportional hazards model and partial likelihood colonization of the Amazon basin of Brazil and the process of estimation. We discuss competing risk models, unobserved urbanization in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; tradeoffs between heterogeneity, and multivariate survival models including land use and health; migration, its environmental impact, and event history analysis. The course emphasizes basic concepts the tension between public health and medicine in promoting and techniques as well as applications in social science the health of migrant populations; health consequences of research using the statistical package Stata. Prerequisite: corporate globalization; macroeconomics and health; rice WWS509 or equivalent. ecosystems and the tradeoffs between agricultural productivity and human health.

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POP 510A Multilevel Models SOC 573 Labor Force Germán Rodríguez Bruce Western This half-course offered in the second half of the spring term Two questions dominate research on the labor force: 1) who provides an introduction to statistical methods for the analysis look for and get jobs; and 2) what sorts of jobs do people get. of multilevel data, such as data on children, families, and This course examines these questions by seeing how the link neighborhoods. We review fixed- and random-effects models between demography and labor market outcomes depend on for the analysis of clustered and longitudinal data before the institutional context. We will particularly focus on how moving on to multilevel random-intercept and random-slopes age, gender and fertility, ethnicity and immigration affect models. We discuss model fitting and interpretation, includ- labor force participation and earnings under different systems ing centering and estimation of cross-level interactions. We of training, social welfare, and labor relations. cover models for continuous as well as binary and count data, reviewing the different approaches to estimation in common SOC 575 Urbanization and Development use, including Bayesian inference. The course emphasizes Alejandro Portes practical applications using the multilevel package MLwiN. Examines the origins, types, and characteristics of cities in less Prerequisite: WWS509 or equivalent. developed countries and the ways in which patterns of urbanization interact with policies to promote economic ECO 57l/SOC 57l Survey of Population Problems growth and social equity. Readings and class discussions Thomas Espenshade address three areas: 1) a history of urbanization in the Third First part of basic two-course graduate sequence in demography. World; 2) an analysis of contemporary urban systems, Survey of past and current trends in the growth of the population demographic patterns, and the social structure of large Third of the world and of selected regions. Analysis of the components World cities; 3) a review of the literature on urban dwellers with of growth and their determinants and of the social and emphasis on the poor and their political and social outlooks. economic consequences of population change. WWS 528 Social Stratification and Inequality ECO 572/SOC 572 Research Methods in Demography Marta Tienda Joshua Goldstein/Germán Rodríguez This course examines wealth, power, and status differentials in Second part of basic two-course graduate sequence in society. Included are descriptions of current and historic demography. The purpose of the course is to teach students to distributions, as well as the causes and consequences of such measure demographic rates and to model the consequences of differences. Particular emphasis will be upon economic status these rates on population structure and growth. The course and course material covers recent research by economists and introduces the demographic approach to modeling: creating sociologists on the role of family background, race, gender, age schedules of vital events from both a statistical and cognitive skills, education, age, and work experience. In theoretical basis, modeling temporal change in age schedules, addition to examining these individual and family factors, and the matrix-based approach to population dynamics. research on the mediating role of the state, either diminishing or aggravating differences, is reviewed. ECO 573/WWS 567 Population and Development Christina Paxson WWS 528 Fragile Families and Public Policy Understanding the determinants and consequences of population Sara McLanahan change in developing countries and applying this understanding This seminar develops a framework for designing and assess- to evaluate population policy. The course will begin by ing the next generation of Fatherhood Initiatives. Course characterizing the empirical relationship between economic topics include: 1) How are poor, unmarried parents – fragile development and demographic phenomenon: fertility, families – seen (and not seen) in popular and political mortality, age structure, migration, education. Next, models of discourse and in surveys and census data? 2) What are the economic development will be evaluated in terms of how they benefits of low-income fathers’ involvement for children, for incorporate demographic phenomenon and their predictions fathers, and for society? 3) What evidence do we have that for population growth, migration, children’s education, fatherhood programs work, and how do current welfare and mortality. Finally, theory and evidence will be brought together child support reforms affect these programs? Students are to critically evaluate the Programme of Action from the expected to conduct individual research projects on these United Nations International Conference on Population and topics, using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Development (the Cairo Population Conference). Youth and the Fragile Families Study.

Princeton University 81 Training in Demography at Princeton

WWS 578/SOC 578 Sociology of Immigration and Ethnicity WWS 594 Caring for an Aging Population: Alejandro Portes Public Policy Issues This is a graduate review course that examines the historical The rapid increase in the number of elderly Americans over and contemporary literature on immigration and the relationship the next 30 years will put pressure on the service delivery between these flows and the development of ethnic relations. system. We review the policy options and questions likely to The emphasis is on the United States, although comparative arise as the future of the service system is debated: who should material from Canada, Europe, and Latin America is pay for long-term care services for the frail; how can service discussed. Classical and recent theories of immigrant systems better manage the medical and long-term care needs adaptation, language acculturation, ethnic entrepreneurship, of the elderly; how can public policy shape the future of and ethnic conflict are presented and discussed. The bearing nursing homes and residential care models such as assisted of sociological findings on current policy debates about living; how will the demand for services affect the economy immigration control and uses of immigrant labor is highlighted. and the workforce?

WWS 586 Aging: Biology, Demography, and Social Policy WWS 594 Employment, Poverty and Public Policy Burt Singer Alan Krueger The age structure of many countries in the world has shifted This course will examine several issues concerning employment toward much higher proportions of people at older ages. This and poverty in the United States. Topics include: 1) the course will treat the biological basis of aging and the measurement and concept of employment; 2) trends in jobs, demographic, economic and social consequences of a large joblessness and inequality; 3) the link between jobs and elderly population. Implications for health care, insurance, poverty; 4) public policy concerning job creation, job quality and the economic and social structure of diverse societies will and poverty. be discussed. An international comparative approach will be used throughout. WWS 594 Public Health and Public Policy Elizabeth Armstrong WWS 587 Research Workshop in Population An introduction to the philosophy, practice and politics of Noreen Goldman public health in the U.S. The course considers the principles Individual research projects involving demographic analysis of epidemiology and the social, political and institutional related to issues in population policy, or occasionally, forces that shape public health policy, as well as the participation in the research conducted at the Office of determinants of health, government’s role in minimizing risks Population Research. and maximizing well-being, and the major organizational structures responsible for monitoring, protecting and promoting WWS 593 Marriage and Child Wellbeing the public health. Topics include environmental and Elisabeth Donahue occupational health; emerging infections; food safety; Families vary greatly in structure, which can have a profound violence; tobacco control; population aging; and public impact on children’s wellbeing and future prospects. This health genetics. course will investigate trends in family formation and marriage in particular, and examine reforms proposed by WWS 594 Race, Class, and College Admissions policy makers that would impact marriage. This course is Tom Espenshade being offered in conjunction with The Future of Children An examination of factors influencing who applies to and the (FOC) journal. As part of the course, students will actively probability of being accepted at academically selective colleges participate in an FOC conference on family formation and and universities. Topics include race-conscious versus child wellbeing at the end of the 6-week class. class-based affirmative action, the role of elite universities in promoting social mobility, recent U.S. Supreme Court cases, WWS 594 Policy Analysis: The Economics of Education and current public policy controversies. This course evaluates currently popular education reforms from an economic perspective. Topics covered include: policies Pertinent Courses in Allied Departments to increase educational attainment; compulsory schooling; ECO 515 Econometric Modeling class-size reduction initiatives; school finance reforms; school The construction, estimation and testing of econometric vouchers; and race-sensitive college admissions policies. models as a process, from theory to model formulation to estimation and testing and back again to theory. Bridging the gap between theory and applied work. A series of topics in macroeconomic time series and microeconomic cross-sectional analysis that includes consumption at the household and aggregate level, commodity prices, and nonparametric and parametric estimation. 82 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

ECO 518 Econometric Theory II log-linear models for qualitative data, including contingency Angus Deaton tables. The emphasis is on the use of statistical models to This course begins with extensions of the linear model in understand social processes, not the mathematical theory. several directions: 1) predetermined but not exogenous regressors; 2) heteroskedasticity and serial correlation; SOC 530 Structural Equation Modeling 3) classical GLS; 4) instrumental variables and generalized Scott Lynch method of moments estimators. Applications include Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a general class of simultaneous equation models, VAR’s and panel data. multivariate modeling techniques that allows the estimation of Estimation and inference in nonlinear models are discussed. relationships between latent (unobserved) variables free of Applications include nonlinear least squares, discrete dependent measurement error extant in observed variables. SEM is variables (probit, logit, etc.), problems of censoring, truncation general in the sense that virtually all modeling techniques used and sample selection, and models for direction data. in sociology today are special cases of the general model. The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to these ECO 531 Economics of Labor methods. The course is intended to be very applied, with a Alan Krueger strong emphasis on how to use SEM software to estimate An examination of the economics of the labor market, models, as well as how to evaluate them, revise them, and especially the forces determining the supply of and demand report the results of them. At the same time, the course will for labor, the level of unemployment, labor mobility, the provide a rigorous treatment of the theory underlying SEMs, structure of relative wages, and the general level of wages. including discussions of causality and inference, model assumptions and consequences of their violation, and limitations. ECO 560/WWS 562 Economic Analysis of Labor Christina Paxson SOC 550 Research Seminar in Empirical Investigation The course gives an introduction to the processes of economic Marta Tienda/Bruce Western growth; an analysis of poverty and inequality; reviews public The course involves preparation of research papers based on policy in poor countries, particularly pricing policy and cost- field observation, laboratory experiments, survey procedures, benefit analysis; and provides models of household and and secondary analysis of existing data banks. In addition, farm behavior. students learn how to write critical reviews, to provide constructive commentary as a discussant, and how to prepare ECO 562 Topics in Development papers for journal submission. All students complete at least Christina Paxson/Anne Case one of their required pre-generals papers in this course. An examination of those areas in the economic analysis of development where there have been recent analytical or WWS 507 Quantitative Analysis empirical advances. Emphasis is given to the formulation of Alan Krueger theoretical models and econometric analysis and testing. Study of basic data analysis techniques, stressing application Topics covered include models of household/farm behavior, to public policy. Includes measurement, descriptive statistics, savings behavior, equity and efficiency in pricing policy, data collection, probability, exploratory data analysis, hypothesis project evaluation, measurement of poverty and inequality, testing, simple and multiple regression, correlation, and and the analysis of commodity prices. graphical procedures. Some training offered in the use of computers. No previous training in statistics is required. ECO 563 Topics in Economic Development II Assumes a fluency in high school algebra and familiarity with Angus Deaton basic calculus concepts. Selected topics in the economic analysis of development beyond those covered in the introductory course. Topics are WWS 509/ECO509 Generalized Linear Statistical Models selected from theoretical and empirical models of economic Germán Rodríguez growth, trade, and international finance; health and education Focuses primarily on the analysis of survey data using policy; innovation in agriculture in developing countries; generalized linear statistical models. The course starts with a private and social security systems; and the political economy review of linear models for continuous responses and then of development. proceeds to consider logistic regression models for binary data, log-linear models for count data-including rates and SOC 504 Social Statistics contingency tables, and hazard models for duration data. Scott Lynch/Bruce Western Attention is paid to the logical and mathematical foundations The course explores methods for analyzing data arising from of the techniques, but the main emphasis is on the applications, observational studies such as social surveys. It reviews multiple including computer usage. Assumes prior exposure to statistics regression and analysis of variance and covariance models for at the level 507c or higher and familiarity with matrix algebra quantitative data. It introduces logistic regression and and calculus. (Prerequisite (507c)) Princeton University 83 Training in Demography at Princeton

WWS 510 Surveys, Polls, and Public Policy WWS 594 Social Policy in South Africa Ed Freeland Anne Case The aim of the course is to improve students’ abilities to Examines the economics and political economy of fiscal policy understand and critically evaluate public opinion polls and decisions made by developing-country governments. It will surveys, particularly as they are used to influence public examine in detail the expenditure and taxation policies chosen policy. The course begins with an overview of contrasting by the new South African government. The case for perspectives on the role of public opinion in politics. From government intervention and the choices governments make here we look at the evolution of public opinion polling in the will be modeled, and the effectiveness of the policies chosen U.S. and other countries. The class will visit a major polling will be evaluated using current data from South Africa. operation to get a firsthand look at how they actually work. We also examine procedures used for designing representative WWS 594Children’s Health and the Rise of Obesity samples and conducting surveys by telephone, mail and the Elisabeth Donahue Internet. Students will have the option to: 1) write a critical The prevalence of obese children in America has more than evaluation of a survey or set of surveys related to a particular doubled in the past 20 years, and approximately 14 percent of issue; or 2) design and pretest a questionnaire on a topic that children are now considered overweight. This course will is of interest to them. examine the increasing prevalence of obese and overweight children, the challenge to the health system, the changing WWS 522 Microeconomic Analysis of Domestic Policy nature of childhood and the potential causes for this Anne Case condition, and the legal and policy implications of this trend Examines a series of major issues of policy designed to and proposals to reverse it. This course is being offered in illustrate and develop skills in particularly important conjunction with The Future of Children (FOC) journal. As applications of microeconomics. Topics will include education part of the course, students will participate in an FOC and training, the minimum wage, mandated benefits, conference at the end of the 6-week class. affirmative action, the theory of public goods and externalities, and the basic theory of taxation. WWS 597 The Political Economy of Health Systems Uwe Reinhardt WWS 528 Poverty and Public Policy This course explores the professed and unspoken goals that Sara McLanahan nations pursue with their health systems and the alternative This course examines poverty in the United States in the last economic and administrative structures different nations use half of the twentieth century. The topics include: 1) how to pursue those goals. The emphasis in the course will be on poverty is measured and problems with the official measure; the industrialized world, although some time can be allocated 2) trends and differentials in poverty; 3) causes and later in the course to approaches used in the developing consequences of poverty, including sociological, economic, countries, if students in the course desire it. and political perspectives, and 4) anti-poverty policies, includ- ing cross-national differences in welfare states.

WWS 594 Affirmative Action and Discrimination in Education Alan Krueger This course explores theoretical models of discrimination, empirical evidence on racial differences in earnings and educational opportunities, and pros and cons of affirmative action. Particular emphasis is paid to evaluating the consequences of recent developments in affirmative action in higher education.

84 Office of Population Research R ECENT G RADUATES

Rina Agarwala successfully defended her Anna Zajacova successfully defended her dissertation, entitled “From Work to Welfare: Informal dissertation, “Sociodemographic Factors and Health: Workers’ Organizations and the State in India,” in Examination of Select Pathways over the Lifecourse,” in October 2006. Her research examines democratic August 2006. The association between population participation among poor women workers as state welfare health and sociodemographic characteristics is well rhetoric and policy declines on the one hand, and the documented. In her dissertation, Zajacova examines percentage of insecure and unprotected informal labor three issues that contribute to a better understanding of Rina Agarwala increases on the other hand. In particular, it investigates the pathways through which these factors are linked. how the informal nature of employment affects workers’ She first addresses two opposing hypotheses that have collective action strategies, and under what conditions been proposed to explain the effect of education on informal workers’ movements succeed. In particular, she mortality across age: cumulative advantage and age-as- analyzed the role the state plays in affecting informal leveler. She examines whether the observed converging workers’ ability to secure labor benefits. To address these lifecourse pattern could be an artifact of selective questions, she interviewed over 200 government officials mortality due to unobserved heterogeneity. Findings and labor leaders and 140 women workers across three from a simple macrosimulation model suggest that cities in India. All 140 women were informally unobserved heterogeneity exerts a substantial amount of employed in either the construction or tobacco industries downward bias on the estimated effect of education on and were members of an informal workers’ organization. mortality in old age, such that an underlying cumulative Anna Zajacova In addition, she analyzed the most recent round of effect of education on mortality across age at the the National Sample Survey on Employment and individual level could appear instead as a decreasing Unemployment in India. Contrary to much of the effect in old age. Zajacova then examines whether the literature on labor and social movements to date, she effect of education on mortality for U.S. adults differs found that informal workers are organizing along class by gender. Discrete time logit models are used to analyze lines to improve their livelihoods through demands for a nationally representative dataset. The results show that state-supported benefits. Their informal employment education has a comparable effect on mortality for men conditions have, however, altered their mobilization and women. No statistically significant gender difference strategies to create a new form of unionism that appeals is found in all-cause mortality, mortality by cause of to the state, rather than the employer, for increases in death, among younger persons, and among the elderly. welfare (such as support for health care, education, and Analyses by marital status, however, suggest that these housing) rather than workers’ rights (such as minimum findings apply only to married men and women. wages and job security). Because their employers change Finally, she analyzes how body weight affects health frequently, informal workers organize around the ratings for U.S. adults across age, by sex and race, and neighborhood, rather than the shop floor. Their success whether the relationship can be explained by health in attaining state-supported benefits depends on the behaviors and medical conditions. Latent growth models economic policies and governing ideologies of the party are employed to analyze a sample of young adults who in power. Workers’ organizations in states that are were followed for 20 years through mid-adulthood. No implementing neoliberal reforms and running under significant relationship between BMI and health ratings populist political parties tend to be most successful in across age is found for black men and women. The effect of attaining state-supported benefits. Workers’ organizations body weight is stronger for white men and women, for in states that are not committed to neoliberal reforms whom weight is associated with lower starting health rat- and operating under programmatic parties (such as the ings, as well as with a faster health decline in across age. The Communist Party of India-Marxist) are least successful. mediating covariates explain only a small part of the BMI- Given the growing rhetoric about the decreased welfare SRH association. Zajacova recently began a position as an state, these findings are surprising and reveal important NIA postdoctoral fellow at the Population Studies Center insights into what strategies are available for of the University of Michigan; she will also be affiliated marginalized groups to express their political voice, even with the Center for Social Epidemiology and Population as state policies erode their material circumstances. Health, part of Michigan’s School of Public Health. Agarwala began a position as Assistant Professor in the Princeton University 85 Department of Sociology at Johns Hopkins University. Graduate Students

Sofya Aptekar, a third-year Sociology and OPR Sociology of Poverty and Sociology of the Family as well student, received honors on her general exams in as her remaining coursework. She is currently working sociology of culture and sociology of immigration and is on several papers focused on social fathers in Fragile beginning work on her dissertation, which bridges those Families and on racial and ethnic disparities in health. two interests. She plans to examine discourse on Stacie Carr is a first-year student in the Woodrow immigration in the United States and to juxtapose it Wilson School and OPR. She holds a B.A. in Women’s with adaptation experiences of highly-skilled immigrants. Sofya Aptekar Studies from University of California at Berkeley and an Her case study of immigrant political incorporation in M.P.A. from the Wagner School of Public Service at Edison, New Jersey has resulted in a chapter in an edited New York University, where she conducted research on volume currently under review at Russell Sage and has the effects of state policies on Medicaid enrollment been accepted for presentation at the 2007 meetings of among immigrants. In keeping with her longstanding the American Sociological Association. Aptekar is also interest in women’s health, she worked for a decade working on a paper on migration to Ireland from the as a manager, fundraiser, and analyst for Planned former Soviet Union, using data she collected there in Parenthood Federation of America and other nonprofit the summer of 2006 as a fellow of Princeton’s Global Deirdre Bloome organizations. Carr’s focus for her first year at Princeton Network on Inequality program. She will present this has been on enhancing the skills that will allow her to paper at a poster session at the Population Association pursue research in her areas of interest, including health of American Annual Meeting. policy, health inequality, aging, and program and policy Deirdre Bloome is a first-year Sociology and OPR evaluation. student. She holds a B.A. in Sociology from Brown Rebecca Casciano is a fourth-year Sociology and University, where she studied how early life events and OPR student whose interests include urban sociology, parental resources influence the transition to adulthood Sharon Bzostek family demography, and social policy. She is currently among the children of teen mothers. Before coming to working on her dissertation field work in Newark, New Princeton, she worked as a consultant, advising on Jersey. Her dissertation uses ethnographic methods to issues of corporate finance. This year, in addition to examine how a community-based organization in a completing her coursework, she has co-authored a paper northeastern city is using machine politics to procure on the demographic and economic contributions to resources for the provision of social services. She will rising family income inequality in the U.S. since 1975 complete her field work in June 2007. In addition, she with Bruce Western and Christine Percheski. Bloome’s worked on several papers that are currently under interests include inequality, mobility, poverty, and review that look at the influence of neighborhood Stacie Carr statistical demography. economic conditions on mothers’ political and Pratikshya Bohra is a first-year Woodrow Wilson economic behavior. School and OPR student. She holds a B.A. in Nick Ehrmann is currently working from within Economics and Mathematics from Union College, Sociology, OPR, and the Woodrow Wilson School on where she conducted research in Nepal on micro-credit issues of educational inequality, urban sociology, and financing and agricultural development activities, labor public policy. He worked with Doug Massey on force migration, and the "Devki" tradition of parents analyses of on the long-term effects of racial segregation Rebecca selling their young daughters to people who offer them on college achievement using the National Longitudinal Casciano to the gods upon the fulfillment of prayers -- these Survey of Freshmen (NLSF). Ehrmann’s dissertation young girls then become life-time servants to priests in explores the disconnect between academic aspirations the temples. Bohra's research interests include poverty, and academic achievement among two groups of migration, labor markets, and resource allocation. adolescents in a disadvantaged section of northeast Sharon Bzostek is a third-year student in the Washington D.C., how that relationship is affected by Sociology department and OPR; her research interests families, peers, and neighborhoods, and how commitment to education (both in belief and behavior) changes over Nick Ehrmann focus on children and families and health inequalities. This year, Bzostek completed her general exams in time as these students navigate four years of high school. As a fellow of the Global Network on

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Inequality, and in collaboration with Katherine Hsu, Hackett was awarded ASA’s sociology of religion Newman and researchers at the University of Cape section best paper prize for “The Effectiveness and Town, Ehrmann was able to launch a companion Trustworthiness of Faith-Based Organizations.” project using qualitative methods to better understand continued work on her how disparities in educational attainment (at the Meredith Kleykamp dissertation about military service and minority opportunity; secondary level) contribute to persistent social and it is a study of race, class, and military service. The economic inequality in the years following the fall of project examines the influence of race/ethnicity on apartheid in South Africa. Conrad Hackett military enlistment, net of the influence of individual Conrad Hackett, while earning two master’s SES, local employment conditions, or community degrees at Princeton Theological Seminary, discovered military presence; the effects of the military drawdown the sociology of religion, and as a graduate student in of the 1990’s on employment and school enrollment the Sociology department, he discovered demography. rates; and whether recent veterans face discrimination or In recent projects with department colleagues, Hackett preferential treatment in hiring, compared with civilians has analyzed the often contradictory claims about the with functionally equivalent work histories using an size and character of American evangelicalism, the audit design. Kleykamp joined the faculty of the reliability of cross-national religion data, and the University of Kansas in the fall of 2006 as an Assistant Meredith Kleykamp effectiveness of faith-based organizations. In a recent Professor of Sociology, teaching in the areas of quantitative presentation, one of the questions he asked is “what can methods and demography, and offering a new sociology we learn about the connection between religion and course on population and society. She will defend her fertility by studying congregations.” While reading the dissertation in the spring of 2007. European Fertility Project’s conclusions about the in the Department of Sociology and religious diffusion of demographic change, Hackett Valerie Lewis, OPR, received her B.A. in Sociology, Rice University, became interested in contemporary religion’s direct and 2004. Her interests include racial inequality, urban indirect influence upon fertility, which is the subject of Valerie Lewis sociology, poverty, and development. Her current work his dissertation. Numerous demographic studies examines how city characteristics affect poverty in the demonstrate that individual religious commitment United States. Lewis has been awarded a fellowship influences fertility and many other studies compare the from the Global Network on Inequality to work with fertility rates of large religious groups. However, the faculty at the Delhi School of Economics this coming influence of congregations upon fertility has been fall on a project looking at how Indian cities are being largely overlooked by demographers, even though shaped by poverty and rapid urbanization. She also congregations are principal mediators of religious currently has several papers under review that examine instruction, socialization, and practice. Utilizing data racial segregation in spheres of American life, including Tin-chi Lin from hundreds of American congregations, Hackett schools, neighborhoods, and friendships. In addition to describes patterns of congregational fertility by preparing for general examinations and completing denomination and analyzes the determinants of coursework, this year Lewis served as a preceptor for congregational fertility patterns. Multilevel analysis is statistics and demography courses. conducted to specify the characteristics of variation in congregational fertility and to control for regional Tin-chi Lin is a first-year student in the Woodrow fertility differences. Preliminary findings reveal that Wilson School and OPR. He holds a B.A. in Economics congregations with conservative theology tend to have from National Taiwan University. Before coming to high fertility and congregations with high education Princeton, he studied at the University of Illinois as a grad- levels tend to have low fertility. High fertility levels uate student in applied mathematics, where he worked on are observed in congregations affiliated with several optimization projects for the Department of Mechanical small denominations that are usually overlooked in and Industrial Engineering. This year, in addition to his demographic surveys. His dissertation research is coursework, he is also involved with Noreen Goldman’s supported by the Louisville Institute, the Society for the SEBAS Project in Taiwan. Lin’s interests include mortality, Scientific Study of Religion, and the Center for the morbidity, and aging problems; he is also interested in Study of Religion. With Robert Wuthnow and Becky developing fertility and marriage models.

Princeton University 87 Graduate Students

Emily Marshall, a first-year OPR and second-year dissertation proposal that examines the relationship Sociology student, holds a B.A. in Mathematics and between religion, women’s status, and obesity in Egypt. Russian Studies from Pomona College. Before coming Analia Olgiati, a first-year student in the Woodrow to Princeton, she studied Soviet nationality policy on a Wilson School and OPR, holds a B.A. in Economics Fulbright Fellowship to Russia, then worked at the and is a master’s candidate from the Universidad de San International Research and Exchanges Board in both Andres in Argentina. Before coming to Princeton, she Washington, D.C. and Moscow on international Emily Marshall worked at the Research Department of the Inter- exchanges in education, small business, and civil American Development Bank, where she participated in society. This year, in addition to her coursework, she is a study analyzing the impact of remittances on housing writing a paper on the classification of rural and urban infrastructure in Nicaragua and in a project measuring settlements. Marshall’s interests include development the determinants of under-registration of births in Latin and migration, networks, and economic sociology. America. Olgiati’s interests include economic demography, Emily Moiduddin is a fourth-year student in the development, and migration. Woodrow Wilson School and OPR. In her dissertation, Kevin O’Neil is a second-year student in the Emily Moiduddin she is exploring whether the pattern of inequality that Woodrow Wilson School and OPR. He has been taking disadvantages black males in late adolescence and courses in epidemiology, public health and statistics, adulthood exists in early childhood. Specifically, do reading for a general exam in migration, and working young black boys have more behavior problems or on a paper on childhood obesity and parental migration perform worse on tests of verbal ability than their peers? in Mexico. If this pattern exists in early childhood, how do family and neighborhood factors influence it? Moiduddin, Christine Percheski, a fourth-year Sociology with Sara McLanahan, is exploring how parents’ and OPR student, continues work on her dissertation, Petra Nahmias impulsivity affects child behavior problems and whether which examines the links between family structure, structural factors influence that relationship. With women’s employment, and growing income inequality Doug Massey, Moiduddin is also working on an analysis in the United States over the last three decades. She is of neighborhood effects on birth weight. also working with Sara McLanahan on a review of the literature on family structure and income inequality, Petra Nahmias is a third-year student in Sociology as well as with Bruce Western and Deirdre Bloome on and OPR. She recently had a paper published in the an analysis of variance in income inequality. She has European Journal of Population with Guy Stecklov of recently completed a paper with Christopher Wildeman the Hebrew University of Jerusalem that looks at the Analia Olgiati that examines men’s employment trajectories in the dynamics of Palestinian fertility in Israel. She also has a five years after they become fathers. paper under review entitled “AIDS and Ethnicity: Ethnic Affiliation and HIV Status in Kenya.” Over David Potere is a second-year student in the the summer Nahmias received a fellowship from Rice Program in Population Studies (PIPS) who has been a University to work on the Houston Area Study. teaching assistant for the core demography courses. He Based on the research that she conducted through this also served as a graduate student representative in OPR. fellowship, she has written a paper entitled “Be Fruitful This year, he collaborated with WWS postdoctoral and Multiply: Family Formation Behavior and Religion, Kevin O’Neil fellow Simon Donner in using geographic information Religiosity and Ethnicity.” She also received a fellowship systems (GIS) to establish a link between poverty and from the Global Network on Inequality and carried on the harmful effects of climate change. The study, her research on unmarried parents in the U.S. and the entitled “The Inequality of the Global Threat to Coral U.K. at the London School of Economics. She is Reefs,” was published in the March edition of currently working on a paper with Kathleen Kiernan BioScience. Two new analyses that employ satellite of the University of York and Sara McLanahan based remote sensing to trace human disturbances of natural on the results of that research. The paper focuses on ecosystems are due out later this year in the journal breastfeeding initiation and duration among unmarried Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing: Christine mothers. Finally, Nahmias is working on her “Forest Clearing along the Appalachian Trail Corridor,” Percheski

88 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006 and “Wal-Mart from Space: A New Land Cover Change Rosenfeld is currently completing an analysis on unions Validation Product.” Potere’s current work, supervised and voter turnout for all U.S. elections between 1984 by Burt Singer, focuses on assessing our understanding and 2004. of the global urban footprint—examining a series of is a second-year student in Sociology global city maps constructed by groups from both the Rania Salem and OPR. While she continued fulfilling course United States and the European Union using satellite requirements, she also served as an assistant in imagery, ground-based census data, and GIS technologies. instruction for two undergraduate classes in sociology. David Potere He presented early findings of this work in Beijing, She presented a paper at the annual conference of the China, at this year’s International Young Scientists Population Association of America, investigating how Global Change Conference and again at the annual gender bias in educational attainment in Egypt is meeting of the Population Association of America shaped by sibling configuration. She is currently in New York. Potere is a member of the American working on a paper that explores micro-macro links Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, between demographic change and marriage payments the Association of American Geographers, and the using survey data from Bangladesh. Population Association of America. Alejandro Rivas, Jr. is a first-year Sociology and Alejandro Rivas, Jr., is a first-year Sociology and Daniel Schneider OPR student; he holds an A.B. in Public Policy and OPR student; he holds a B.A. in Human Biology and American Institutions from Brown University. Before an M.A. in Sociology from Stanford University. While coming to Princeton, he worked as a research associate at Princeton, Rivas plans to study the migrant experience at the Harvard Business School, where he studied in the U.S., in particular how both governmental and community economic development, family finances, non-governmental institutions and their policies facilitate and social policy. This year, in addition to his course or hinder immigrants’ ability to make the most of the work, Schneider published a paper co-authored with resources the United States has to offer (education, Peter Tufano (Harvard University) and Sondra Beverly Jake Rosenfeld health care, employment, housing, and justice). Along (University of Kansas) in Tax Policy and the Economy with migration, Rivas’ research interests include on the use of Earned Income Tax Credits, and he social policy, poverty, stratification, inequality, and worked as a research assistant to Katherine Newman on race and ethnicity. a project relating to delayed departure in Europe and Jake Rosenfeld, in his sixth and final year as a Japan. His interests include family demography, eco- student in the Office of Population Research and the nomic sociology, and inequality. Department of Sociology, has accepted a position as an a third-year Woodrow Wilson Rania Salem Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Kimberly Smith, and OPR student, has focused primarily on her research Washington in Seattle beginning September 2007. He is since completing her general exam and teaching completing a dissertation that analyzes various political requirements last spring. Smith recently completed a and distributional effects of labor union decline since paper with Noreen Goldman that examines the the breakup of the post-World War II labor-capital relationship between socioeconomic status and health accord. A version of a chapter from the dissertation on among older adults in Mexico (currently under review). the changing relationship between strike activity and She is also working on two other research projects, the wages was recently published in Social Forces. The first examining the impact of community health Daniel article was also the winner of the 2006 James D. Schneider insurance on maternal health outcomes in Senegal, Thompson Award for best graduate student paper from Ghana, and Mali, and the second, with Adrian Lleras- the Organizations, Occupations, and Work section of Muney and Seema Jayachandran (Stanford University) the American Sociological Association. Another chapter examining the impact of new drug technology on from his dissertation – this one on trade unions and the mortality in the United States. Smith recently began distance between managerial and worker pay – appeared her dissertation research, which will examine medical in the 2006 third quarter issue of Research in Social and socioeconomic determinants of health and Stratification and Mobility. A piece on strike predictors mortality in the United States. is under review at the Socio-Economic Review, and Kimberly Smith

Princeton University 89 Graduate Students

Samir Soneji is a third-year student in the Program Scott Washington, in his final year as a graduate in Population Studies. He recently completed a paper student in the Department of Sociology and OPR, was on the estimation of disability-free life expectancy that the recipient of the annual prize for graduate student is forthcoming in the Journal of the American Statistical research by the Law and Society Association, and he was Association. Recent work assesses racial disparities in named a Graduate Fellow of the American Academy of disability life expectancy and addresses questions of Political and Social Science. In the fall he will be Samir Soneji disability compression. He presented this work at the defending his dissertation, “Hypodescent: A History of recent annual meetings of PAA and Réseau Espérance the Crystallization of the One-Drop Rule in the United de Vie en Santé. The piece is currently under review at States, 1880-1940.” Washington has accepted a position Social Biology. His new work looks at the reproductive at UCLA as an assistant professor of sociology, with a health of mentally disabled, physically disabled, and joint affiliation at the California Center for Population obese adolescent women. His main interests include Research (CCPR). disability and aging, fertility and reproductive health, is a fourth-year Ph.D. and statistical methodology. Christopher Wildeman LaTonya Trotter candidate in Sociology and Demography. He is currently LaTonya Trotter, a first-year OPR and Sociology continuing to work on his dissertation, which considers graduate student, holds a B.A. in Sociology from the consequences of mass imprisonment on American Williams College and a M.P.H. from the University of children. The first chapter of the dissertation, which Washington. Prior to joining OPR, her work focused estimates the risk of parental imprisonment for on place level effects on health behaviors and health American children born 1978 and 1990, is currently outcomes, including a paper commissioned by the under review. He will be presenting this paper at the University of Washington’s Exploratory Center for annual meetings of the American Sociological Scott Leon Washington Obesity Research (ECOR) that investigated the Association and the Population Association of America. independent effect of perceptions of one’s neighborhood His second chapter, which he plans to complete this on eating behavior. At Princeton, Trotter will focus summer, considers the effects of parental incarceration more broadly on the effects of social policy, such as on children’s aggressive behavior using the Fragile criminal justice policies, on health outcomes. She is also Families and Child Wellbeing Study. In addition to his interested in the changing landscape of medical practice dissertation research, Wildeman has recently completed caused by the rise of mid-level practitioners. Her interests a paper with Christine Percheski on employment include medical sociology, health disparities, and social trajectories of new fathers, which is under review. His Christopher inequality. Trotter is a National Science Foundation earlier work on homosexuality and mainline Protestants Wildeman Graduate Research Fellow. has resulted in three forthcoming papers in Sociological Perspectives, Sociology of Religion, and Review of Religious Research. He also has papers under review on the association between paternal engagement and conservative Protestantism in Fragile Families and differences in how individuals conceptualize loved ones who are deployed and incarcerated. He recently won the Marvin Bressler Award for excellence in undergraduate instruction, which is awarded annually in the Department of Sociology.

90 Office of Population Research A LUMNI D IRECTORY

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Kristen Harknett Benjamin Hermalin Marie Holzmann Carole Jolly University of Pennsylvania University of California 337 Watkins Road U.S. State Department Department of Sociology Walter A. Haas School Pennington, NJ 08534 ID Windhoek 3718 Locust Walk Berkeley, CA 94720 Washington, DC 20520-2540 271 McNeil Bldg. Nguyen Hong Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299 Pedro Hernandez Vienna International Centre Elise Jones Institute of Government UNCSDHA 1382 Newtown-Langhorne Road Cynthia Harper and Public Affairs P.O. Box 500 Newton, PA 18940 University of California Center for Prevention Research Vienna, A-1400, AUSTRIA Department of Ob Gyn and and Development Anne Ryder Joseph Reproductive Science 510 Devonshire Drive Oswald Honkalehto South Pamet Road; P.O. Box 2005 3333 California Street, Suite 335 Champaign, IL 61820 Colgate University Truro, MA 02666 San Francisco, CA 94143-0856 Department of Economics Linda Coleman Herrick Hamilton, NY 13346 Janina Jozwiak Beverly Harris Princeton University Central School of Planning 985 Agua Fria #111 Management Information Services Shiro Horiuchi and Statistics Santa Fe, NM 87501 120 Alexander Street Rockefeller University Institute of Statistics Princeton, NJ 08544 Laboratory of Populations and Demography Andrew Haughwout 1230 York Avenue, Box 20 Al. Nlepodleglosoi 162 Princeton University Patrick Heuveline New York, NY 10021-6399 Warsaw, -491583, POLAND Woodrow Wilson School NORC, and The University Robertson Hall of Chicago Nancy Howell Roberto Junguito Princeton, NJ 08544 Population Research Center University of Toronto Calle 77, #8-01, Apartado 201 1155 East 60th Street Department of Sociology Bogota, COLOMBIA Sharon Hayman Chicago, IL 60637 725 Spadina Avenue 7 Blue Ridge Drive Toronto, Ontario M5S 2T4 Matthijs Kalmijn Trenton, NJ 08638 Mukerrem Hic CANADA Tilburg University Istanbul University Department of Sociology Hong He Department of Economics Yuanreng Hu P.O. Box 90153 Statistical Bureau of Hebei in English WESTAT LE Tilburg Province Bagdat Caddesi 1650 Research Boulevard 5000, THE NETHERLANDS Division of Population Statistics Gusel Sok. No.2/10 Rockville, MD 20850 30 Hezou Road Kadikoy, Istanbul, TURKEY Janet Kalwat Shijiazhuang, CHINA John Isbister Evaluation Associates Allan Hill University of California Connecticut Avenue James Heckman Harvard School of Public Health Department of Economics Norwalk, CT 06854 University of Chicago Department of Population and Merrill College Department of Economics International Health 1156 High Street Daniel Kammen 1126 East 59th Street 665 Huntington Avenue Santa Cruz, CA 95064 University of California Chicago, IL 60637 Boston, MA 02115 Energy and Research Group Radha Jagannathan 310 Barrows Hall Allison Hedley Kenneth Hill Bloustein School of Planning Berkeley, CA 94720-3050 4601 North Park Avenue #1105W John Hopkins University and Public Policy Chevy Chase, MD 20815 Department of Population Urban Studies and Community Thomas Kane Dynamics Health P.O. Box 1057 Donald Heisel 615 North Wolfe Street 33 Livingston Avenue, Ste. 100 North Marshfield, MA 02059 455 E 51st Street, Apt. #4D Baltimore, MD 21205 New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1958 New York, NY 10022 Ryuichi Kaneko Robert Hill Shireen Jejeebhoy Hibiya-kokusai Bldg, 6F Katherine Hempstead ARAMCO Sett Minar National Inst. of Population Center for Health Statistics P.O. Box 5426 16A Peddlar Road and Soc. Sec. Res., NJ State Dept of Health Dhahran Bombay, 400 206, INDIA 2-2-3, Uchisaiwai-cho and Senior Services 31311, SAUDI ARABIA Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo PO Box 360, Room 405 John Jemmott 657130, JAPAN Trenton, NJ 08625-0360 John Hobcroft University of Pennsylvania The University of York Annenberg School for Mehtab Karim Rodolfo Heredia-Benitez Department of Social Policy Communication Professor of Demography Calle 96 No.19-A-73 and Social Work Faculty Ste 520 Department of Community Corporacion Centro Regional Helsington, York 3535 Market Health Sciences de Poblacion YO10 5DD, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6220 The Aga Khan University Apartado Aereo No. 24846 UNITED KINGDOM Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500 Santa Fe de Bogota D.C., Iris Jerby Karachi 74800 Pakistan COLUMBIA Howard Hogan 2 Elcharizi Street U.S. Bureau of The Census Rishon-Le-Tzion Jennifer Kates Albert Hermalin Demographic Programs 75770, ISRAEL Kaiser Family Foundation University of Michigan Washington, DC 20233 1330 G. Street NW Population Studies Center Lynne Johnson Washington, DC 20005 426 Thompson Street, P.O.B 1248 Bart Holland Princeton University Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 New Jersey Medical School Princeton Environmental Institute Rebecca Katz Department of Preventive Medicine 127 Guyot Hall Department of State 185 South Orange Ave., Rm F596 Princeton, NJ 08544 Bureau of Verification & Compliance Newark, NJ 07103 2201 C. Street NW 94 Office of Population Research Washington, DC 20520 Annual Report 2006

Hannah Kaufman Meredith Kleykamp Karen Leppel April Linton Princeton University University of Kansas Widener University University of California, San Diego CIT Dept. of Sociology School of Business Administration Department of Sociology 87 Prospect Avenue 716 Fraser Hall One University Place 401 Social Science Building Princeton, NJ 08544 1415 Jayhawk Blvd. Chester, PA 19103-5792 9500 Gilman Dr 0533 Lawrence, KS 66045 La Jolla, CA 92093 Elias Kedir Ron Lesthaeghe 370B Greenwich Street Jeffrey Kling Vrije Universiteit Brussel Kang Liu New York, NY 10013 The Brookings Institution Steunpunt Demografie Latham Square Building, Suite 550 1775 Massachusetts Ave., NW Pleinlaan 2 (M128) PATA Catherine Kenney Washington, DC 20036 Brussels, B-1050 BELGIUM 1611 Telegraph Avenue University of Illinois Oakland, CA 94612 Department of Sociology John Knodel Michael David Levin 702 South Wright Street University of Michigan University of Toronto Massimo Livi-Bacci Urbana, IL 61801 Population Studies Center Department of Anthropology Universita degli Studi di Firenze 426 Thompson Street Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 Departimento di Statistica Masihur Khan P.O.B. 1248 CANADA Viale Morgagni 59 2/304 Eastern Point Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 Firenze 50134 ITALY 8-9 Shantinagar Eleanor Cole Levinson Dhaka, 1217, BANGLADESH Sanders Korenman 4908 Vistawood Way Gretchen Livingston Baruch College, CUNY Durham, NC 27713-8065 Research Associate Kathleen Kiernan School of Public Affairs Pew Hispanic Center The University of York New York, NY 10010 Karen Levinson 1615 L Street NW Department of Social Policy 630 N Drury Lane Washington, DC 20012 and Social Work Kathryn Kost Arlington Heights, IL 60004 Helsington, York The Alan Guttmacher Institute Kim Lloyd YO10 5DD 120 Wall Street, 21st Floor Madge McKeithen Levy Washington State University UNITED KINGDOM New York, NY 10005-3904 41 W 82nd Street, Apt 1D Department of Sociology New York, NY 10024-5616 Pullman, WA 99164-4020 Elisabeth Kihlberg Karol Krotki University of Texas, Austin University of Alberta Gwendolyn Lewis David Loevner College of Natural Sciences- Department of Sociology 4512 Courtland Road 73 Westcott Road Office of the Dean Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H4 Chevy Chase, MD 20815-3737 Princeton, NJ 08540 1 University Station G2500 CANADA Austin, TX 78712-0548 Rose Marie Li Leonard Lopoo Thompson K. B. Kumekpor NIH/NIA 426 Eggers Hall Yun Kim University of Ghana Office of Demography Center for Policy Research Utah State University Department of Sociology 7201 Wisconsin Avenue MSC Syracuse Center for International P.O. Box 96 9205, Ste. 533 New York, NY 13244-1020 Studies/Soc. and Pop. Legon, Accra GHANA Bethesda, MD 20892-9205 Logan, UT 84322 Graham Lord Ulla Larsen Shaomin Li 1 Evelyn Place Rachel Kimbro Harvard School of Public Health Old Dominion University Princeton, NJ 08540 Robert Wood Johnson Health Population and International Department of Management & Society Scholar Health Norfolk, VA 23529 Ying Lu Population Health Sciences 665 Huntington Avenue Asst. Professor – Sociology University of Wisconsin-Madison Boston, MA 02115 Andres Liebenthal University of Colorado 707 WARF Office The World Bank 327 UCB 610 North Walnut Street Aida Verdugo Lazo 1818 H Street NW Bolder, CO 80309 Madison, WI 53726 ENCE Washington, DC 20433 IBGE Kristin Luker Masabumi Kimura Ruq Andre de Cavalcanti 106 Fang Lin University of California 11-12 Kaminoge 4, Setagaya Rio De Janeiro, SP 13081-970 Sierra Systems School of Law Tokyo, 158, JAPAN BRAZIL 550-880 Douglas Street 2240 Piedmont Ave Victoria, British Columbia, V8N Berkeley, CA 94720 Clyde Kiser William Leasure 4P9 CANADA 2300 Aberdeen Boulevard 1112 Bush Street Robin Lumsdaine Gastonia, NC 28054-0613 San Diego, CA 92103-2807 I-Fen Lin Brown University Bowling Green State University Department of Economics Ellen Kisker Byung Moo Lee Department of Sociology Box B Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. 505 Woolley Avenue 217 Williams Hall Providence, RI 02912 7639 Crestview Drive Staten Island, NY 10314 Bowling Green, OH 43403-0231 Longmont, CO 80504 A. Rice Lyons Musonda Lemba Nancy Lin 295 Western Way Rebecca Kissane University of Zambia United Nations Princeton, NJ 08540 Lafayette College Department of Social DC2-1914, 2 UN Plaza Department of Anthropology Development Studies New York, NY 10017 Todd MacDonald and Sociology P.O. Box 32379 ALK Technologies Marquis Hall Lusaka, ZAMBIA 1000 Herrontown Rd. Easton, PA 18042 Princeton, NJ 08540

Princeton University 95 Alumni Directory

Miroslav Macura Jane Mauldon Jane Menken Margarita Mooney 18, chemin Colladon University of California University of Colorado Asst. Professor 1209 Geneva Graduate School of Public Policy Institute of Behavioral Sciences UNC – Chapel Hill SWITZERLAND 2607 Hearst Avenue Campus Box 484 Department of Sociology Berkeley, CA 94720 Boulder, CO 80309-0484 CB#3210 Shlomo Maital Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Technion-Israel Institute of Ismael Maung Barbara Mensch Management Western Illinois University The Population Council Lorenzo Moreno Economics Department Sociology Department Research Division Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. Haifa, ISRAEL Macomb, IL 61455 One Hammarskjold Plaza P.O. Box 2393 New York, NY 10017 Princeton, NJ 08543-2393 Carolyn Makinson Rebecca Maynard Women’s Commission on University of Pennsylvania Peter Michael Ann Morning Refugee Women and Children 3700 Walnut Street, Rm 409 Cooling Springs Farm New York University 122 East 42nd Street, 12th Floor Philadelphis, PA 19104 2455 Ballenger Creek Pike Department of Sociology New York, NY 10168-1289 Adamstown, MD 21710 269 Mercer Street, Room 445 James McCarthy Cynthia Miller New York, NY 10003-6687 Chitta Malaker University of New Hampshire MDRC Indian Statistical Institute School of Health and 16 East 34th Street Amy Morton Demographic Research Unit Human Services New York, NY 10016 228 A Marshall Avenue 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road 4 Library Way Princeton, NJ 08540 Calcutta, 700 035 INDIA 217 Hewitt Hall Jane Miller Durham, NH 03824 Rutgers University Sudhansu Mukherjee Michael Maltese Institute for Health Research 20/5 N.S.C. Bose Road 103 Country Club Dr. Justin McCarthy 30 College Avenue Grahams Land Monroe Township, NJ 08831 University of Louisville New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Calcutta, 700 040 INDIA Department of History Paola Marchesini Louisville, KY 40208 Peter Miller Basim Musallam Rua Itaujuba 2065/1101 P.O. Box 112 Cambridge University 31.035-540 - Belo Horizonte Jerrlyn McClendon Maadi, Cairo EGYPT Faculty of Oriental Studies Minas Gerais, BRAZIL Chemistry Department Cambridge CB2 1TN ENGLAND Princeton University Barry Mirkin Luiz Marina Diaz 111 Frick United Nations Kathy Niebo Corporacion Centro Regional Princeton, NJ 08544 2 UN Plaza Princeton University de Poblacion New York, NY 10017 Office of Research and Calle 96 No. 19A – 73 Michael McKenna Project Administration Apartado Aereo 24846 12 Dobbs Terrace Eliot Mishler New South Sante Fe de Bogota, COLUMBIA Scarsdale, NY 10583 Cambridge Hospital Princeton, NJ 08544 Department of Psychiatry James Marshall Robert McLauglin 1493 Cambridge Street Nazek Nosseir Bureau of Intelligence International Planned Parenthood Cambridge, MA 02139 American University in Cairo and Research Fed. WHR, Inc. Social Research Center Department of State 120 Wall Street, 9th Floor Wilfred Mlay 113 Sharia Kast El Airi INR/REC/EF, Room 8444 NS New York, NY 10005-3902 University of Dar es Salaam Cairo, EGYPT Washington, DC 20520 Department of Geography Donald McNeil P.O. Box 35049 Nelson Obirih-Opareh Phyllis Marsteller Macquarie University Dar es Salaam, TANZANIA (CSIR-STEPRI) 4 Pond Drive East School of Economics and Science and Technology Policy Rhinebeck, NY 12572-1925 Financial Studies Essa Montasser Research Institute North Ryde 91 King Saud Street PO Box CT, 519 Linda Martin NSW, 2113 AUSTRALIA Manialed Rodah Cantonment,Accra, GHANA Institute of Medicine Cairo, EGYPT 500 Fifth Street, NW, Room 863 Kevin McQuillan Luis Hernando Ochoa Washington, DC 20001 University of Western Ontario Roberto Monte-Mor Macro International, Inc. Department of Sociology Universidade Federal de 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300 Sarah Martin London, Ontario N6A 5C2 Minas Gerais Calverton, MD 20705-3119 Ibis Reproductive Health CANADA Faculdade de Ciencias Economicas 2 Brattle Square, 4th Floor Rua Curitiba 832 9° andar Marion O’Connor Cambridge, MA 02138 Thomas Meeks Belo Horizonte, MG BRAZIL 37 Ridgeview Circle Virginia State University Princeton, NJ 08540 Poul Matthiessen Economics Department Norma Montes Rodriguez Collstrops Fond Petersburg, VA 23806-9046 CEDEM Gretchen Ogden HC Andersens Boulevard 35 Centro de Estudios Demograficos 6 Spruce Street DK 1553 Copenhagen V, Lynn Mendenko Ave. 41 #2003 entre 20 y 22 Camden, ME 04843 DENMARK Princeton University Playa, La Habana CUBA Office of the Dean of the College Yoichi Okazaki David Matza 406 West College Mark Montgomery 3-12 Shirogane 4, Minato-ku University of California Princeton, NJ 08544 Population Council Tokyo, JAPAN Department of Sociology Policy Research Division Berkeley, CA 94720 One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza New York, NY 10017 96 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Barbara Okun Edith Pantelides Clayne Pope K. Vaninadha Rao Hebrew University of Jerusalem CENEP Brigham Young University Bowling Green State University Department of Demography Casilla 4397 Department of Economics Department of Sociology Mount Scopus Campus Correo Central Provo, UT 84602 Bowling Green, OH 43403 Jerusalem, 91905 ISRAEL Buenos Aires,1000 ARGENTINA Joseph Potter Miroslav Rasevic Afaf Omer Vicente Paqueo University of Texas Vlajkoviceva 5 University of North Carolina The World Bank Population Research Center Belgrade, YUGOSLAVIA Department of Sociology 1818 H Street NW 1800 Main Building Zageir Hall 112 Washington, DC 20433 Austin, TX 78712 Alfred Rasp One University Heights The University of Puget Sound Asheville, NC 28804-3299 David Pasta Linda Potter School Evaluation and Research 2970 South Court Family Health Research 1500 North Warner Gbolahan Oni Palo Alto, CA 94306-2458 56 N. Mill Road Tacoma, WA 98416 Johns Hopkins University Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 Population and Family Claude Paulet Danilo Rayo Health Sciences UNFPA Nouakchott-Mauritania Robert Potter Jr. Frente a Petronic Sur 615 N. Wolfe Street Care of UN Pouch Service Sr. 149 Esteli, NICARAGUA Baltimore, MD 21205 Box 20 Grand Central Chappaquiddick New York, NY 10017 Edgartown, MA 02539 Robert Ream Cynthia Osborne University of California, Asst. Professor, Public Affairs Anna Paulson R. Potvin Riverside School of Education The University of Texas Northwestern University Catholic University 900 University Avenue SRH 3.234 Department of Finance Department of Sociology Riverside, CA 92521 1 University Station Kellogg School Washington, DC 20064 Austin, TX 78712 2001 Sheridan Road Beth Preiss Ilana Redstone Evanston, IL 60208 1155 23rd Street, NW Institute of Labor & Industrial Joseph Ottieno Washington, DC 20037 Relations University of Nairobi Ceri Peach University of Illinois-Urbana- Department of Mathematics Professor Samuel Preston Champaign Chiromo Campus Oxford University Center University of Pennsylvania 504 East Armory Avenue, Room 17 Nairobi, KENYA for the Environment Population Studies Center Champaign, IL 61820 School of Geography 3718 Locust Walk Cyprian Oyeka South Parks Road Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298 Nancy Reichman Anambra State University Oxford – OX1 3QY Robert Wood Johnson of Technology UNITED KINGDOM Eleanor Preston-Whyte Medical School Department of Applied Statistics University of Natal Pisc/New Brunswick Dept. and Demography Anne Pebley Memorial Tower Bldg. Pediatrics Awka Campus, P.M.B. 5025 UCLA School of Public Health Durban, 4041 SOUTH AFRICA 97 Patterson Street, Room 435 Awka, Anambra State, NIGERIA 10833 Le Conte Avenue New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Los Angeles, CA 90095 Barbara Prince Benjamin Oyuke 85 Magnolia Lane Kia Reinis Kenyatta University College Mette Pedersen Princeton, NJ 08540 ORC/Macro Department of Mathematics 83 Cherry Brook Drive 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300 Nairobi, KENYA Princeton, NJ 08540 Emile Quevrin Calverton, MD 20705 Group Bruxelles Lambert Ferhunde Ozbay Samuel Peterson Avenue Marnix 24 Elisha Renne Bogazici University University of Pennsylvania Brussels University of Michigan Department of Sociology Population Studies Center B-1050 BELGIUM Department of Anthropology Istanbul, TURKEY 3718 Locust Walk 1020 L.S.A. Building Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298 Ladislav Rabusic Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1092 Hilary Page Masaryk University University of Gent Vasant Pethe School of Social Studies Ronald Rindfuss Dept. of Population Studies Gokhale Institute of Politics Department of Sociology University of North Carolina and Soc. Science Meth. and Economics Gorkeho 7 Department of Sociology Universiteitstraat 4 Deccan Gymkhana 602 00 Brno, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 Gent B-9000, BELGIUM Pune, 411 004 INDIA CZECH REPUBLIC Fernando Riosmena Deanna Pagnini Becky Pettit Hantamalala Rafalimanana Intl. Istitute for Applied 63 Orient Street University of Washington United Nations Systems Analysis Willow Vale Department of Sociology Population Division Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 NSW, 2575 AUSTRALIA 202 Savery Hall Box 353340 2 United Nations Plaza, Laxenburg, AUSTRIA Seattle, WA 98195 DC2-1964 Rohini Pande New York, NY 10017 Estela Rivero-Fuentes International Center for Nayak Lincoln Polissar Moreras #5, Jardines de San Mateo Research on Women The Mountain-Whisper-Light Karthick Ramakrishnan Naucalpan, Edo. Mex. 1717 Massachusetts Avenue, Statistical Consulting Asst. Professor MEXICO, C.P. 53240” Suite 302 1827 23rd Avenue East Political Science Washington, DC 20036 Seattle, WA 98112-2913 University of California 2220 Watkins Hall Riverside, CA 92521

Princeton University 97 Alumni Directory

Bill Rives Naomi Rutenburg Bing Shen Mario Small Franklin University Population Council Law School Admin. Service University of Chicago Graduate School of Business 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW P.O. Box 40 Department of Sociology 201 South Grant Avenue Washington, DC 20008 Newton, PA 18940 1126 East 59th St. Columbus, OH 43215 SS 408 Norman Ryder Eui Hang Shin Chicago, IL 60637 Hanna Rizk 14 Toth Lane University of South Carolina 8 Salamlek Street Rocky Hill, NJ 08553 Department of Sociology Camille Smith Garden City, Cairo, EGYPT Columbia, SC 29208 Harvard University Press Nasim Sadiq 79 Garden Street Warren Robinson 1 S.M.C.H. Society Tara Shochet Cambridge, MA 02138 The Population Council Statistics Division 1182 E. Court Street P.O. Box 57156 Karachi, PAKISTAN Iowa City, IA 52240 Claudette Smith Nairobi, KENYA Skillman Foundation Philip Sagi Frederic Shorter 600 Renaissance Center, Ste. 1700 Arodys Robles 143 Medford Leas 671 Horseshoe Road Detroit, MI 48243 Apartado 1583-2050 Medford, NJ 08055 Gabriola Island San Jose, COSTA RICA British Columbia, V0R 1X3 Daniel Smith Fouzi Sahawneh CANADA University of Illinois Roger Rochat University of Jordan Department of History Emory University Population Studies Department Adam Shrager 601 South Morgan Street 1010 Liawen Court Amman, JORDAN 34 Cambridge Way 913 University Hall Atlanta, GA 30329-4122 Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 Chicago, IL 60607-7049 Joginder Paul Sapra David Rogers House No. 494, K. N. Shrinivasan B. Maxwell Stamper 875 West End Avenue Street No. 5 Central Statistical Office 76 North Maple Avenue, Suite 112 New York, NY 10025 Raja Park, Jaipur Population Division Ridgewood, NJ 07450 Rajasthan, INDIA Sadar Patel Bhawan Anatole Romaniuc New Delhi 1, INDIA Debbie Stark University of Alberta Narayan Sastry 8541 Ashley Road Sociology Department RAND M. Khalid Siddiqui Ashley, OH 43003 1977 Highridge Avenue 1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138 United Nations ESCAP Ottawa Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 Statistics Division Patience Stephens Ontario K1H 5H1 CANADA UN Building United Nations Andrea Saville-White Bangkok, 10200 THAILAND Population Division Mark Rosenzweig 53 University Place New York, NY 10017 University of Pennsylvania Princeton, NJ 08540 Wendy Sigle-Rushton Department of Economics London School of Economics Marlene Stern 3718 Locust Walk Allen Schirm and Political Sciences 12 Ashwood Court Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297 Mathematica Policy Research Centre for the Analysis of Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 600 Maryland Avenue SW, Social Exclusion Luis Rosero-Bixby Ste. 550 Houghton Street Michael Stoto Centro Centroamericano Washington, DC 20024-2512 London, WC2A 2AE ENGLAND George Washington University de Poblacion Department of Biostatistics Universidad de Costa Rica Ofira Schwartz Charles Simkins 2021 K Street NW, Suite 800 San Jose 2060, COSTA RICA 18 Marvin Court 13 Seymour Avenue Washington, DC 20006 Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 Parktown Denise Roth Allen Johannesburg, 2193 SOUTH Sally Strachan Centers for Disease Control James M. Scully AFRICA 27 Halsey Street and Prevention 1618 V. Street NW Providence, RI 02906-1414 Maternal and Child Health Washington, DC 20009 Catherine Simms Epidemiology Team 276 Dodds Lane William Strain 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mail Christopher Seplaki Princeton, NJ 08540 4 Acacia Villas Stop K-23 John Hopkins Bloomberg Sch. Boynton Beach, FL 33436-5594 Atlanta, GA 30341 of Public Health Steven Sinding Dept. of Population & Family Columbia University Jennifer Strickler Sipra Roy Health Sciences Joseph E. Mailman School University of Vermont 1541 Eddy Cove Court 615 N. Wolfe Street of Public Health Department of Sociology North Brunswick, NJ 08902 Baltimore, MD 21218 New York, NY 10032 31 South Prospect Burlington, VT 05401 Laura Rudkin David Shapiro J.N. Sinha University of Texas Medical Branch Pennsylvania State University Delhi University Aarno Strommer Department of Preventive Medicine Department of Economics Institute of Economic Growth Kirkkokatu 67 B 23 Galveston, TX 77555-1153 416 Kern Graduate Building Delhi 7, INDIA SF-90120 Ouhu 12 University Park, PA 16802 FINLAND Diana Russell Bernard Skud Mills College Robert Shell 125 SW Jib Street Paul Stupp Department of Sociology 7 Gordon Street Oak Harbor, WA 98277 Centers for Disease Control Oakland, CA 94613 Gardens 8001 and Prevention Cape Town, Western Cape Myron Slovin Reproductive Health Division SOUTH AFRICA 1977 East Carver Road 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop K-35 Tempe, AZ 85284-2537 Atlanta, GA 30333 98 Office of Population Research Annual Report 2006

Shankar Subramanian Ian Thomas Richard Leighton Van Nort Linda Warner Cornell University 222 Bluebell Road 103 Esmond Road 5488 Whitneyville Department of Economics Norwich Bedford Park Alto, MI 49302 Uris Hall NR4 7LW ENGLAND Chiswick Ithaca, NY 14853 London W4 ENGLAND Charles Warren Joseph Tierney Centers for Disease Control Donna Sulak Public/Private Ventures Mark VanLandingham and Prevention 354 Emily Street One Commerce Square Tulane University Office on Smoking and Health Philadelphia, PA 19148 2005 Market Street, Suite 900 School of Public Health 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop K-50 Philadelphia, PA 19103 and Tropical Medicine Atlanta, GA 30341-3724 Dennis Sullivan 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200 Miami University Aykut Toros New Orleans, LA 70112 Scott Leon Washington Department of Economics Hacettepe University Asst. Professor Oxford, OH 45056 Institute of Population Studies Nallamotu Vasantkumar Department of Sociology Ankara, TURKEY Susquehanna College UCLA Jeremiah Sullivan Department of Sociology 264 Haines Hall – Box 951551 Macro International, Inc. Arlene Torres and Anthropology Los Angeles, CA 90095 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300 University of Illinois at Selinsgrove, PA 17870 Calverton, MD 20705-3119 Urbana-Champaign Susan Watkins Department of Anthropology Barbara Vaughan University of Pennsylvania Johanna Swartzentruber 607 South Matthews Avenue c/o Marcello Lenci Department of Sociology 318 Prince Street 109 Davenport Hall Via Leonardo da Vinci 3 Philadelphia, PA 19104 Bordentown, NJ 08505 Urbana, IL 61801 Corinaldo (AN), 60013 ITALY Tara Watson Shinichi Takahashitani Roy Treadway Victoria Velkoff Williams College Kobe University 712 N. School Street US Census Bureau Department of Economics Faculty of Economics Normal, IL 61791-1621 International Programs Center Fernald House Rokkodai, Nada-ku Washington Plaza II, Rm. 109 Williamstown, MA 01267 Kobe, 657 JAPAN Leslie Treff Washington, DC 20233-8860 Supreme Court of State Jan Watterworth Jee-Peng Tan of New York James Vere Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. The World Bank 60 Centre Street, 10th Floor Asst. Professor P.O. Box 2393 1818 H Street NW New York, NY 10007 School of Economics & Finance Princeton, NJ 08543-2393 Washington, DC 20433 Yoshihiro Tsubouchi The University of Hong Kong 363 Iwakura-Miyake-Cho Pokfulam Road Maxine Weinstein Kanchana Tangchonlatip Sakyo-ku HONG KONG Georgetown University Mahidol University Kyoto, 606 JAPAN Department of Demography Institute for Population and Yvonne Veugelers 312 Healy Hall, Box 571197 Social Research Chi Hsien Tuan 382 Palmerston Boulevard Washington, DC 20057-1214 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Road East-West Center Toronto, Ontario M6G 2N6 Salaya, Phuttamonthon East-West Population Institute CANADA Rachel Weinstein Nakornprathom 73170 THAILAND 1777 East-West Road 41 Baldwin Street Honolulu, HI 96848 Daniel Vining Pennington, NJ 08534-3303 Patricia Taylor University of Pennsylvania 31 Richard Ct. Cassio Turra Regional Science Department Robert Wells Princeton, NJ 08540 College of Economic Sciences 3718 Locust Walk Union College Department of Demography Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of History Michael Teitelbaum Federal University of Minas Gerais Schenectady, NY 12308 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Street Curitiba, 832, walk Center Pravin Visaria 630 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2550 Belo Horizonte, MG 30170-120 Abhinav Colony David Whip New York, NY 10111 BRAZIL Sujit 220 Mysticwood Road Drive-In Road Reistertown, MD 21136 Julien Teitler Cho-Yook Tye Ahmedabad, 380 052 INDIA Columbia University Ridgewood Condo Michael White School of Social Work 1 Ridgewood Close Simone Wajnman Brown University 622 West 113th Street #21-05 Liholiho Rise R. Carolina Figueiredo 111/101 Department of Sociology New York, NY 10075 276692, SINGAPORE Belo Horizonte,MG Box 1916 303320-130 BRAZIL Providence, RI 02912 Makonnen Tekle-Haimanot Margaret Usdansky Central Statistical Office Syracuse University Brigitte Waldorf Dorothy Whitfield P.O. Box 1143 Center for Policy Research University of Arizona 6317 Adams Hunt Drive Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA 426 Eggers Hall Department of Geography Williamsburg, VA 23188-7357 Syracuse, NY 13244-1020 and Regional Development Silvia Texidor Tucson, AZ 85721 W. Bradford Wilcox Directora Juerg Utzinger University of Virginia CENEP Casilla 4397 – Correo Swiss Tropical Institute Chengzhi Wang Sociology Department Central PO Box 520 W. 114th Stret, #74 553 Cabell Hall Buenos Aries 1000 Basel, CH-4002 SWITZERLAND New York, NY 10027 P.O. Box 400766 ARGENTINA Charlottesville, VA 22904 Etienne van de Walle Nai Chi Wang 261 Sycamore Avenue 9120 Fall River Lane Merion Station, PA 19066 Potomac, MD 20854 Princeton University 99 Alumni Directory

John Williams, Jr. Anna Zajacova El Sayed El Daly Population Reference Bureau Population Studies Center Martina Evans 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Institute for Social Research L.K. Ezekwe Suite 520 University of Michigan Bamikale Feyisetan Washington, DC 20009-5728 426 Thompson Street Tomio Fumoto Ann Arbor, MI 48104 Michelle Garretson John Wilmoth Nancy Gilgosh University of California Melvin Zelnik Joseph Grinblat Department of Demography 1055 W. Joppa Road, Timothy Guinnane 2232 Piedmont Avenue Apartment 418 Kuldip Gulati Berkeley, CA 94720 Towson, MD 21204 Charles Hammerslough Keith Hazelton Chantal Worzala Elizabeth Zenger Alice Hecht Medicare Payment Advisory Peking University Alberto Hernandez Committee Institute of Population Research Ishrat Husain 601 New Jersey Avenue N.W., Beijing, 100871 CHINA Ricardo Jimenez Suite #9000 Leif Johansson Washington, DC 20001-2044 Ruichuan Zha A. Meredith John People’s University of China Deborah Kaple Lawrence Wu Department of Demography Thomas Kane New York University Beijing, CHINA Elizabeth Karns Department of Sociology Asmerom Kidane 269 Mercer Street Hongxin Zhao Jacqui Koenig New York, NY 10003 Managing Analytic Consultant Evelyn (Whang-Kyung) Koh IBM Market Intelligence Yun-Yu Ku Lisa Wynn Data Analytics Toshio Kuroda Anthropology Department 1133 Westchester Avenue Ivan Lakos Macquarie University West Harrison, NY 10604 Yung-Jung Lee NSW 2109 Bin Li AUSTRALIA Hania Zlotnik Guang-Qin Ma United Nations Murari Majumdar Masaaki Yasukawa New York, NY 10017 Alan Margolis 6-16 Momoi 1, Suginami Jin Morioka Tokyo, JAPAN Xuejin Zuo Steadman Noble Shanghai Academy of Toshio Ono Wenzhen Ye Social Sciences Lois Paul Xiamen University Institute of Population Research Dimiter Philipov Department of Economics 622/7 Huaihai Zhong Lu David Phillips Bai-Cheng Apt. 19(202) Shanghai, 200020 CHINA Jennifer Pimentel Xiamen, CHINA Frank Ponsi Melissa zur Loye S. Raghavachari Stephen Yeh 1015 Tanbark Street Marie Reijo University of Hawaii Columbus, IN 47203-1332 Toni Richards Department of Sociology Krishna Roy 2424 Maile Way Peteris Zvidrins Carol Ryner Honolulu, HI 96822 University of Latvia J. Sandesara Centre for Demography Swee-Hock Saw Zeng Yi 19 Rainis Boulevard G.B. Saxena Peking University Riga Shanti Seth Institute of Population Research LV-1586 LATVIA Paul Singer Beijing, 100871 CHINA Roberta G. Steinman Christina Su Kirsten Yocom No Address Yi-Ping Sun Educational Testing Service Barbara Anderson Katsuhide Tani Rosedale Road A.D. Bhatti Lorne Tepperman Princeton, NJ 08541 Olga Boemeke Duncan Thomas Michael Bosshart Kozo Ueda Mary Youngs-Rabinowicz Johan Bring Barbara Van Buren 47 Hillside Court Jessica Bull Ronald Wade Boulder, CO 80302 Juan Chackiel Liyun Wang Ch’eng-Hain Chao Christopher Wilson Farhat Yusuf Shao Hsing Chen Yasar Yesilcay Macquarie University C.A. Chiang Wiqar Zaidi Division of Economics Roberto Cuca Catherine Zalokar and Financial Studies Kumudini Dandekar Jun Zhu North Ryde Moses Ebot NSW, 2109 AUSTRALIA Kenneth Egusa

100 Office of Population Research OPR 2006 Annual Report

Edited by Judith Tilton with assistance from Melanie Adams

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The OPR Annual Report is published annually by the Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544.

Copyright © 2007 Office of Population Research.