ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ii ANNUAL REPORT 2019

ISSN: 1995-6851

World Agroforestry. 2020. Annual Report 2019. Nairobi: World Agroforestry.

No use may be made for sale or other commercial purposes.

The geographic designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of World Agroforestry concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission from the source.

© World Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya, 2020

World Agroforestry is certified carbon-neutral.

Cover photo: Agricultural landscapes, Kenya/Kelvin Trautman

Written by Jonathan P. Cornelius ANNUAL REPORT 2019 iii

Our vision

An equitable world where all people have viable livelihoods supported by healthy and productive landscapes.

Our mission

To harness the multiple benefits trees provide for agriculture, livelihoods, resilience and the future of our planet, from farmers’ fields through to continental scales.

Our partners

World Agroforestry has always implemented much of its work in partnership with a range of public, private and international bodies. Our partnerships are based on a clear recognition of the value that is added through working jointly with partners and sharing strengths to achieve specific outcomes. We partner with universities, advanced research institutions, national agricultural research organizations, private sector organizations, and government and international organizations. iv ANNUAL REPORT 2019

MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES

The year 2019 started with a major milestone: World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) began to officially merge. An integrated leadership team and a common board of trustees were formed; I have the honour of chairing the latter. Throughout 2019, the centres began integrating their research divisions while continuing their respective projects and pursuing our commitments to our partners and donors. These cooperative efforts led to the launch of Resilient Landscapes, an innovative new venture to radically transform tree-based supply chains by serving as the nexus between science and businesses, finance, governments and civil society. CIFOR-ICRAF is uniquely equipped to deliver transformative science, thanks to the diverse skills of more than 700 staff and long- established partnerships worldwide. Such partnerships—including more than 140 public and private entities—are critical to ICRAF’s research. In 2019, both grant and bilateral grant income increased, and short-term solvency and long-term financial stability remained above CGIAR benchmarks. ICRAF´s work culminated in many achievements in 2019, highlighted in this report. These successes show the diverse ways in which ICRAF is responding to the complex problems facing people and the planet in the 21st century—through ground-breaking technological and conceptual innovation, committed partnerships, and outcomes and impacts that transform lives and build healthy and sustainable landscapes. And as CIFOR-ICRAF moves forward with a unified strategy, it will build on the legacy of both centres to generate evidence and innovative solutions to the most pressing challenges facing the world’s landscapes and forests.

M Claire O Connor Chair of the Board of Trustees ANNUAL REPORT 2019 v

MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR- GENERAL

Reflecting on 2019 from the perspective of 2020 brings ICRAF’s priorities and recent achievements into sharper focus. On 1 January 2019, we formalized our merger with CIFOR, bringing our more than 40 years of expertise on agroforestry to the union. CIFOR-ICRAF aims to scale up our evidence-based response to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises —crises which require urgent action, as the COVID-19 pandemic has indicated clearly. ICRAF research in 2019 continued its focus on the four key challenges set out in our Corporate strategy 2017–2026: persistent rural poverty and vulnerability; degraded landscapes, loss of ecosystem function and biodiversity; unsustainable production practices, particularly of tree commodities; and climate change and other threats to food, energy and socio- political security. Key highlights include: the first reliable global estimates of soil erosion; higher incomes for Ugandan coffee growers; informing high-level UN recommendations that put agroecology at the centrestage in the international agricultural and development agenda; and transformative innovations and training under the Drylands Development Programme that helped 220,000 African farmers—108,000 of them women—out of their reliance on subsistence farming and emergency aid. Throughout 2019, we also worked intensively with CIFOR to begin integrating the two centres’ operations. Looking ahead, it is clear that while COVID-19 has changed the world’s perspective on everything from global health, to the economy, to existing inequalities, it has also reaffirmed our mission to use the world’s best science to eradicate hunger, reduce poverty, provide affordable and clean energy, protect life on land, and combat climate change. These are integral parts of our joint CIFOR-ICRAF Strategy 2020–2030 and of our commitment to make landscapes more resilient for people and the planet.

Anthony Simons Director-general vi ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Landscape in Lincang, China/ICRAF ANNUAL REPORT 2019 vii

CONTENTS

ADDRESSING KEY CHALLENGES THROUGH KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTS AND KNOWLEDGE SERVICES...... 2

Poverty and vulnerability...... 3

Landscape degradation, loss of ecosystem function and biodiversity...... 6

Unsustainable commodity production...... 9

Climate change and other threats to food, energy and sociopolitical security...... 11

OUR PUBLICATIONS...... 13

OUR PARTNERS...... 17

OUR FINANCES...... 21

OUR INVESTORS...... 23

OUR GOVERNANCE: THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES...... 26

OUR STAFF...... 27

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS...... 32 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 1

Farmer in Lincang, China/ICRAF 2 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ADDRESSING KEY CHALLENGES THROUGH KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTS AND KNOWLEDGE SERVICES

As we approach the third decade of the 21st • unsustainable production practices, particularly century, the scourge of poverty still affects billions of tree commodities of people. At the same time, environmental • climate change and other threats to food, degradation reinforces poverty and disrupts the energy and socio-political security. natural systems on which all life depends. In this report, we illustrate how we addressed People now recognize that trees and forests are these interconnected key challenges in 2019. In part of the solution to these complex problems: each case, we highlight key knowledge products, they help combat climate change, biodiversity knowledge services, outcomes and impacts. loss and land degradation, while enhancing rural livelihoods. The role of World Agroforestry is to The development of actionable solutions for unlock this potential, as expressed in our mission: complex problems is not a simple matter: it requires grounded knowledge, the right expertise, careful To harness the multiple benefits that trees provide problem analysis, cross-disciplinary work and for agriculture, livelihoods, resilience and the future partnerships of mutual trust. World Agroforestry’s of our planet, from farmers’ fields through to value offer is the delivery of such solutions through continental scales. our balanced approach of generating knowledge World Agroforestry works by addressing four key and applying our institutional capital of accumulated challenges, as set out in our Corporate Strategy knowledge. (2017-2026): The work described here provides multiple • persistent rural poverty and vulnerability examples of what our solutions look like in practice, and of the impact they had on lives, landscapes • degraded landscapes, loss of ecosystem and planet in 2019. function and biodiversity

Rwanda Trees for Food Security Project/ICRAF ANNUAL REPORT 2019 3

Landscape in Adi Gudom, Ethiopia (B. Cika/ICRAF)

Poverty and vulnerability

As 2019 closed, almost 0.7 billion people were achieved without eliminating rural poverty and living in extreme poverty: around nine per cent vulnerability. Directly or indirectly, our entire agenda of the world’s population. They struggle to feed addresses these most fundamental and persistent themselves and see little chance of improving their development challenges—as we also reveal in later lives. Many billions of other rural dwellers, although sections of this report. less acutely deprived, are still vulnerable: they live In this section, we highlight examples of our with the knowledge that a climate emergency, work in 2019 that directly addressed poverty harvest failure, social conflict or a health crisis could and vulnerability. We tested practices aimed at destroy their livelihoods, wipe out savings and improving food security and crop protection, reduce them to a life of destitution. It is the poor developed approaches to improve human who are most affected by climate change and other nutrition, and worked on strategies to increase shocks, and poverty limits their ability to ‘bounce income, among other priorities. We also generated back’. concepts, evidence, publications, tools and other World Agroforestry’s vision of an equitable world knowledge products that will continue to inform our where all people have viable livelihoods supported interventions and those of others over the coming by healthy and productive landscapes cannot be years. 4 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Knowledge products, knowledge Transformative concepts: Farming communities services can use ICRAF’s fruit tree portfolio approach to select a group of food species—their portfolio—to 1 Tools that accelerate impact: The ERA tool ensure year-round availability of vital nutrients. for selecting resilient agricultural practices Twelve such portfolios were developed with was launched during the Fifth Global Science communities in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. The Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture. Its new Tree foods database underpins the approach user-friendly interface allows comparison of the by facilitating access to nutritional information performance of different practices in specific on 132 foods from 99 species, including 68 tree contexts or even prediction of results in places species2. where they have never been tried. Game-changing evidence: ICRAF scientists participated in a study3 which established that Tens of billions of dollars will be agroforestry usually results in ‘win-win’ solutions invested in the next couple of years for livelihoods and the environment: alleviating alone to help make agriculture more poverty and growing wealth without eroding natural resilient to climate change. We plan to capital. In an analysis of 1106 observations from use ERA to help us support efficient and 126 studies in sub-Saharan Africa, they found that effective design of those investments”. agroforestry practices almost doubled crop yield, improved soil fertility by 20 per cent, were five times Rima Al-Azar, FAO better at controlling run-off, were nine times better at controlling soil erosion, and allowed three times more infiltration of water. Go-to publications: Major publications included two open-access books edited by ICRAF scientists. The climate-smart agriculture papers, already Outcomes and impacts with almost 300,000 downloads, brings together Food supplies safeguarded: Agroecological state-of-the-art research on how to accelerate practices for controlling the fall army worm, development and adoption of climate-smart identified in a meticulous ICRAF review4, are now farming systems in eastern and southern Africa. being incorporated into FAO’s guidelines for control Multifunctional land uses in Africa showcases case of this devastating pest that destroys maize and studies by young African scientists of farming other staple crops. systems that offer solutions to poverty, vulnerability and environmental degradation. Both publications Uptake of sustainable agroforestry practices: are source-books for groundbreaking innovation. Seven profitable agroforestry options for sustainable production on steep sloping land in Viet Nam,

1 Funded by CCAFS, the EU, IFAD, FAO, USDA-FAS and CIFOR; see list of abbreviations and acronyms on p. 32. 2 Funded by the EC and IFAD. 3 Funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. 4 Funded by NORAD and FTA. ANNUAL REPORT 2019 5 developed by ICRAF and collaborating farmers, are with transformative innovations and training. now being adopted by farmers in three provinces, Beneficiaries were able to secure increases in food where six exemplary landscapes are also acting as production and water security. In addition, scaling conduits for evidence-based policy formulation5. stakeholders have already adopted DryDev’s integrated, science-based, co-learning approach. Hundreds of thousands helped to emerge from extreme poverty: The ICRAF-led Drylands Dairy productivity raised: In Uganda, 1,300 Development Programme (DryDev) culminated its smallholder farmers reached by ACIAR’s Developing activities in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali Value-Chain Innovation Platforms for Food Security and Niger, after helping 220,000 farmers—108,000 project have incorporated calliandra and other of whom were women—emerge from reliance fodder species into their farms, thus doubling their on subsistence farming and emergency aid milk yields.

Cocoa farmers in South and Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia (Yusuf Ahmad/ICRAF)

5 Funded by ACIAR. 6 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Landscape degradation, loss of ecosystem function and biodiversity

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Game-changing evidence: ICRAF scientists Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) used cutting-edge methods to produce the first reports that land degradation has already reduced reliable global estimates of soil erosion, the extent the productivity of 23 per cent of world agricultural and severity of which had never before been land, while human actions have severely altered consistently quantified. They found that erosion 75 per cent of the terrestrial environment. The affected almost half of agricultural land. The rate of species extinction is tens to hundreds of information generated provides important evidence times higher than the long-term average rate. The for the prioritization of global restoration efforts7. effects of land degradation and biodiversity loss Go-to publications: ICRAF-Brazil published on ecosystem services—such as provision of food an English version of its flagship manual on and water, pollination and climate regulation—are agroforestry for ecological restoration. It provides simultaneously the cause and symptom of several detailed guidance on diagnostics, design and of the global challenges of the 21st century. management, complemented by 50 pages of Smallholder farmers are directly affected by distilled experience on specific agroforestry-based these alarming developments: they cope each restoration practices8. day with declining soil fertility, pest and disease ’A well-written book useful to farmers, foresters, infestation and water scarcity. World Agroforestry’s land owners and policy makers,’ according to response addresses both degradation and its Florencia Montagnini, director of Yale University’s causes, because we know that the challenge is Tropical Agroforestry Program. comprehensively addressed only if degraded areas are under restoration and drivers of degradation Influential analyses: ICRAF’s Niels Thevs authored and biodiversity loss have been controlled. a landmark UN report on forest restoration in the Caucasus and Central Asia. The study identified Our work in 2019 illustrates the power of World the key drivers of forest degradation across the Agroforestry’s research-in-development approach region, as a basis for restoration pledges by eight and of the application of cutting-edge tools. Both of countries. these unlock the potential of trees, most versatile of allies in the fight against landscape degradation and Innovation that sparks innovation: The nested biodiversity loss. communities-of-practice (NCOPs) implemented by the IFAD-financed Taking Successes in Land Restoration to Scale project provide a model of how Knowledge products, knowledge to enhance impact. NCOPs help build relationships services and co-learning with farmers by ensuring regular interaction between community facilitators and Tools to accelerate impact: The Trees on farmers, linking farmers to development partners 6 Farms project , funded by BMU-IKI, produced who can scale interventions, and ‘closing the one of its flagship tools: a protocol for monitoring learning loop’ by facilitating timely sharing of data biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Application and results between farmers and researchers. of the protocol will allow countries to monitor their progress towards meeting international and domestic commitments to biodiversity conservation and sustainable agriculture.

6 Formal title: Harnessing the Potential of Trees-on-farms for Meeting National and Global Biodiversity Targets. 7 Funded by IFAD, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and FTA. 8 Funded by IUCN, under a grant from FCDO’s Knowfor Programme. ANNUAL REPORT 2019 7

Sala Sissoko, a representative of the Minister of Agriculture, expressed the importance of establishing supportive policy processes and developing a roadmap for scaling-up.

Farmers reap rewards of the research-in- development approach: Across Africa, tens of thousands of farmers, collaborating with ICRAF- led projects such as Regreening Africa9, DryDev, Trees for Food Security10 and Taking Successes in Land Restoration to Scale9, took part in planned comparisons of agronomic options for restoring their land and increasing productivity. For example, in Kenya, farmers restored 1000 ha with planting basins, increasing maize yields up to threefold, while legume yields were up fourfold; 75 per cent of collaborating farmers wanted to increase the number of basins on their farms.

Better-informed planning processes: The ICRAF’s Susan Chomba speaking at the Beating Famine DriveNet tool, designed by the ICRAF-Peru team, conference/ICRAF allows local actors to systematically evaluate the Outcomes and impacts causes of deforestation and land use change—and, from there, to build locally grounded low-emission From talk to action: In Bamako, Mali, ICRAF co- development strategies11. Tested in 2019 with hosted the third of the Beating Famine conference involvement of 850 stakeholders, DriveNet is now series, attended by more than 500 delegates being used by a regional consortium of NGOs in the from 34 countries. The theme—Sustainable Food formulation of sub-national jurisdictions’ strategies Security through Land Regeneration in a Changing to reduce deforestation and land use change Climate—underscored the close link between in seven regions, covering the entire Peruvian land restoration and the most basic human Amazon. needs. Immediately after the meeting, government representatives from Mali came together with Similarly, in Viet Nam, the LUMENS tool, developed farmers, pastoralists, NGOs and research by the ICRAF team in Southeast Asia, was adopted institutions in an ICRAF-organized workshop to in support of the development of the Green Growth develop a roadmap to guide regreening in Mali, Action Plan in Lam Dong province. using ICRAF´s SHARED methodology. Sékou

9 Funded by the European Union. 10 Funded by ACIAR. 11 ICRAF led the development of DRIVENET as part of a consortium of NGOs and regional governments coordinated by Earth Innovation institute, with funding from NORAD through the Governors’ Climate and Forests Task Force and UNDP. 8 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Cocoa in South and Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia (Yusuf Ahmad/ICRAF) ANNUAL REPORT 2019 9

Unsustainable commodity production

Tree crops such as cocoa, coconut, coffee, oil palm Advanced tools to combat crop diseases: and rubber cover vast areas of tropical agricultural World Agroforestry continues to share its insights land, annually generating more than US$100 billion and evidence on issues around sustainable cocoa in export and domestic sales. Several tree crops production with the government of Côte d’Ivoire. are grown predominantly by smallholders, often in The cocoa swollen shoot virus disease, a serious agroforestry systems. threat to cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire and With best-practice production, these perennial other West African countries, is one such issue. crops have great potential to enhance the In 2019, ICRAF’s Geoscience Lab applied its livelihoods of smallholder farmers—without causing remote sensing expertise to detect and control environmental degradation. In practice, however, the problem. In parallel, a 475 ha pilot was their production is often characterized by low yields, implemented to demonstrate approaches to the negative environmental impacts and inequitable national cut-and-replant programme initiated by the value chains. Their future viability is also threatened country’s Conseil du Café-Cacao. by climate change. Game-changing evidence: China has more than World Agroforestry works to effect transformative 120,000 ha of unshaded monoculture coffee, highly change in tree crop production landscapes, susceptible to soil erosion. Research13 carried focusing on viable options for ‘greening’ tree crop out by CIRAD and ICRAF scientists in Yunnan landscapes and for building inclusive value chains Province provides the evidence to effect a decisive for tree commodities. Our work spans innovation shift towards sustainable production. The work from the plot level to landscape and the broader showed that adding selected companion trees to ecosystem, taking in everything from approaches coffee plantations can rapidly—within four years— to sustainable intensification, through strategies for help reduce soil degradation, while maintaining value chain development, to landscape and forest productivity. governance. Piloting and monitoring of innovative practices: Since 2017, ICRAF-Brazil has collaborated with the 14 Knowledge products, knowledge cosmetics company, Natura, in research that aims at developing models for environmentally friendly, services agroforestry-based production of palm oil. In 2019, Insightful analyses: A study12 of the effect as one step in the development of inclusive and of Fairtrade on the livelihoods of cocoa farm sustainable business models, the team established workers in Côte d’Ivoire, co-authored by ICRAF’s and monitored 15 smallholder pilot plots in the Christophe Kouamé and published in Nature Brazilian Amazon. Sustainability, found that the scheme benefited Evidence on how to improve market access: cooperative workers, but not those employed The ACIAR-financed Developing Value-Chain directly by smallholders. The study suggests Innovation Platforms for Food Security project that equitable participation of all actors in tree found that innovation platforms were a highly commodity value chains will require more innovative effective approach for organizing smaller groups approaches. Following the research, Fairtrade has of farmers into larger coalitions with better market acknowledged the need to do more to ensure access. Fifteen innovation platforms were set up, that the benefits of Fairtrade reach everyone in covering a number of different sectors. smallholder cooperatives.

12 Funded by IUCN, under a grant from FCDO’s Knowfor Programme. 13 Funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Kunming Institute of Botany, and FTA. 14 Funded by USAID. 10 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Outcomes and impacts new framework, based on a concept of value chains as complex adaptive systems, emphasizes Influencing private sector policies and the importance of the dynamics over time of positions: Following a World Agroforestry keynote value chains and their enabling environments. In presentation at the GIZ-organized Agroforestry 2019, the article was recognized by the Journal Systems: Opportunities and Limitations for the of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Cocoa Sector conference in Cologne in June 2019, Economies as the Outstanding Paper of the Barry Callebaut, a major cocoa buyer, has adopted preceding year, and is one of the most cited papers ICRAF’s options-by-context approach in its position produced by the CGIAR Policies, Institutions and on agroforestry. The company’s position document Markets programme. sets out its guidelines for agroforestry-based cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Indonesia and Viable community forest enterprises: As a result Brazil. of the activities of the FCDO-financed Dryad16 project, 29 community forest groups in Cameroon Higher quality coffee, higher incomes: Ugandan are sustainably managing 90,000 ha of forest coffee growers participating in the innovation and managing 34 community forest enterprises, platforms set up by the Developing Value-Chain supported by a performance-based finance Innovation Platforms for Food Security project15 system and helped by the training in business and adopted practices that enabled them to produce governance imparted by the project. higher quality coffee. Those participating in an export scheme with Intersection Traders, Australia, The initiative produced a policy and technical brief earned 70 per cent more income. on development of community forest enterprises, based on its successful experiences in Cameroon. Changed perceptions of value chains: A new Both documents emphasize the effectiveness and conceptual framework for value chains, set importance of the social enterprise approach. out in a 2018 article co-authored by ICRAF’s Dietmar Stoian, gained significant traction. The

Maize produced by La Dynamique community forest enterprise from an agroforestry-based system/ICRAF

15 Funded by ACIAR. 16 Full project name: Financing Sustainable Community Forest Enterprises in Cameroon. ANNUAL REPORT 2019 11

Climate change and other threats to food, energy and sociopolitical security

Many of World Agroforestry’s knowledge products Nevertheless, the team highlighted the need for and knowledge services enable local responses more research into some key aspects, such as to global change—as indicated by our responses the relationship between tree cover and infectious to the challenges of poverty and vulnerability, loss diseases. of ecosystem services and land degradation, and Visionary policy recommendations: The ICRAF- unsustainable tree commodity production. led, BMU/IKI-financed Trees on Farms project19 The knowledge, experience and evidence gained formulated policy recommendations that would from locally grounded work also underpin our underpin a new vision of the role of agriculture effectiveness in policy and global spheres, where in the post-2020 global biodiversity agenda. we work to address pressing issues such as The vision is one of agriculture in sustainable climate change mitigation, human migration, landscapes as a positive factor for conserving planetary health, the global food system and biodiversity and securing ecosystem health, rather development of national and regional agroforestry than simply as a cause of biodiversity loss. The policies. recommendations reflect the broad expertise of ICRAF and other project partners, as well as the In 2019, World Agroforestry made significant project’s specific activities to realize the potential of contributions in all these areas. trees on farms to contribute to biodiversity targets. Critical needs identified: ICRAF scientists examined Knowledge products, knowledge 148 National Communications to the UNFCCC; services they found that most considered agroforestry explicitly, but only about 15 per cent of countries Insightful analyses: ICRAF produced an exemplary provide estimates of the numbers or area of trees analysis of the migration-environment nexus in on farms. A two-fold problem exists. First, all North-West Uganda17, highlighting how refugee IPCC-defined land-use categories may include families depend on tree products and services, agroforestry—because agroforestry practices are and providing guidelines on how these needs can so diverse. Second, some trees are not counted be addressed sustainably. The lessons learnt can due to methodological shortfalls. The researchers be applied in other regions acutely affected by the recommended three measures to put things right: human migration crisis. clearer guidelines, better ways of calculating Agroforestry’s impact on health: The concept of C-stock in agroforestry, and institutional reforms planetary health— the health of human civilization that overcome overlapping responsibilities for and the natural systems on which it depends—is agroforestry20. gaining traction. An interdisciplinary ICRAF-led team Nature Climate Change recognized the significance used this conceptual framework in an analysis of of the work by featuring it in its ‘Research the complex relationships between agroforestry Highlights’ section. and human health18. In general, the environmental change associated with well-designed agroforestry practices has a positive effect on human health.

17 Funded by FCDO. 18 Funded primarily by CCAFS. 19 Formal title: Harnessing the Potential of Trees-on-farms for Meeting National and Global Biodiversity Targets. 20 Funded by CCAFS. 12 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

An agroforestry landscape in Hat Lot, Mai Son, Son La, Vietnam (Tran Ha My/ICRAF)

Outcomes and impacts a crucial supporting role22 in the formulation of Nepal’s National Agroforestry Policy, launched in Moving agroecology to centre stage: In July 2019. The policy seeks to transform practically 2019, ICRAF played a pivotal role in placing all aspects of agroforestry and its governance agroecological approaches high on the international in Nepal: incentives; research; enterprises and agricultural and development agenda. The marketing; extension and training; state budgeting recommendations of the UN Committee on World and planning. It explicitly considers the role of 21 Food Security HLPE report on agroecology, led by agroforestry in collective agriculture, commercial ICRAF’s Fergus Sinclair, now provide the basis of an agriculture and restoration. ongoing international policy convergence process. Sinclair also led the development of a background In parallel, ICRAF also strengthened capacity for paper for the Global Commission on Adaptation formulation of agroforestry policies by training (GCA). As a result, agroecology was incorporated 26 mid-level policy makers from Bangladesh, into the final report of the GCA, Adapt now: a Botswana, Cambodia, Malawi, Myanmar, Nepal, global call for leadership on climate resilience. Kenya, Sri Lanka, Tanzania and Uganda. Commitments under the GCA’s food security and Participatory, evidence-based decision- rural livelihoods action track include improved making: SHARED, World Agroforestry’s innovative access of at least 60 million people in smallholder decision-hub methodology, proved its value in farming families to agroecological practices. addressing global problems in local contexts: it Supporting the design of national agroforestry helped stakeholders in Mali to formulate a national policies: In many countries, agriculture and forestry agroforestry roadmap, assisted in the development belong to different governance and policy spheres. of a plan for a Climate-Resilient Exemplar ICRAF advocates for the development of national Landscape in Andhra Pradesh, India. It brought agroforestry policies in order to promote much- together local government, NGO and private sector needed integration between these two sectors. In actors in Makueni County, Kenya, to create a 2019, notable advances were made. ICRAF played decision dashboard with easy access to the data and maps needed to inform restoration.

21 High Level Panel of Experts. 22 Funded by Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN). ANNUAL REPORT 2019 13

OUR PUBLICATIONS At a glance knowledge base for the other publication types. For this reason, the summary data below are based on World Agroforestry produced 504 publications in these three publication groups. 2019; an average of 3.2 publications per scientist23. Our 249 peer-reviewed 2019 publications Our publications include articles, books, manuals, addressed both global and regional problems. newsletters and others, all aimed at specific target Almost one-third are global in application, while audiences. the rest addressed regional issues with global Three publication types—peer-reviewed articles, implications, with an emphasis on our two large books and book chapters—accounted for more African regions. than half of the total. They also provided the Books Magazine Articles

Newsletters Lecture Notes

ICRAF Papers and Briefs

Booklets Journal Articles

Book Chapters

Conference Materials

Posters

South Asia

East and Central Asia

Latin America

Global South East Asia

West and Central Africa

Eastern and Southern Africa

23 Nationally, regionally or internationally recruited scientific staff of grade C4 or above. 14 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Governance and policy Rural advisory and scaling

Miscellaneous Agronomy and soils

Traditional, local and scientific knowledge

Livelihoods and value Climate change chains

Tree diversity and genetics Conservation

Gender and equity Ecosystem services, restoration Food, health, nutrition

Integrative Science

Biophysical Science

Social Science

Of the ICRAF publications produced by external our publications was in one of the broad themes academic publishers, 62 per cent were made of agronomy and soils, ecosystem services and available on an open-access basis. All publications restoration, and climate change. in the other groups were open-access. During the year, almost 1.5 million downloads were made from www.worldagroforestry.org—a 40 per cent increase Ongoing impact over 2018. The impacts of ICRAF’s knowledge products In disciplinary terms, ICRAF’s research remains are evident years after publication. The graph weighted towards biophysical science. However, below shows how the impact per publication, as 45 per cent of our effort is in social science or in measured by the cumulative number of citations per research that integrates social and biophysical cumulative number of publications, has increased science. The principal focus of 40 per cent of steadily over the last three decades24.

24 Data from Web of Science; pre-1990 publications excluded. ANNUAL REPORT 2019 15 Cumulative number of citations / cumulative number of publications

1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 2005-2009 2010-2014 2015-2019 Five-year period

Between 1990 and 2019, ICRAF scientists produced 2,267 Web-of-Science indexed publications, which were cited more than 59,000 times.

Black pepper plantation in Southeast Sulawesi (Yusuf Ahmad/ICRAF) 16 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Looking back, looking forward Fergus Sinclair comments: These publications, with our approaches, tools and methodologies, constitute a vital component The title of the special issue was not of our rich institutional capital. This legacy was chosen lightly: options-by-context, celebrated in 2019 with publication of the book although in itself an approach and Sustainable development through trees on farms. framework for thinking and planning, The book, which includes 21 chapters from 80 also constitutes a true paradigm shift authors, reflects on the completion of four decades in the ‘how’ of agricultural innovation. It of agroforestry research following ICRAF’s founding requires recognition and rejection of long- in 1978. established modes of thinking that we Book editor Meine van Noordwijk comments: believe are no longer fit-for-purpose”.

While not seeing the forest for the trees is The articles in the special issue focus on how a well-known risk, agriculture for too long options-by-context can be implemented: from initial has not been able to see its future for the stakeholder engagement through to scaling up of lack of trees. The research documented in adoption. Sinclair adds, ‘It’s important to appreciate “Sustainable development through trees” that the options-by-context approach transcends shows how we can put that right”. agronomy. It applies equally to innovation in value chain, institutional and policy spheres.’ Ravi Prabhu, ICRAF’s deputy director-general for Another key 2019 publication also signals the research, comments: way ahead. The options-by-context approach has become a cornerstone of World Agroforestry’s research. In 2019, Fergus Sinclair, leader of ICRAF’s We aim to contribute to a radical Systems theme, guest-edited a special issue of transformation in food production and Experimental Agriculture on the approach, entitled land use systems. Innovation based ‘The options-by-context approach: a paradigm shift on the options-by-context approach is in agronomy’. fundamental to this”. ANNUAL REPORT 2019 17

OUR PARTNERS

World Agroforestry carries out its research and sector and international organizations. achieves impact with and through a range of We are proud of this network of partners and thank different implementation partners: from farmers’ them for the trust they placed in us in 2019: associations to national governments, the private

Abt Associates, USA Bakingili Community Forest, Chiang Mai University, Thailand Cameroon ACRE (Agriculture and Climate Chinese Academy of Agricultural Risk Enterprise Ltd.) Africa Beijing Municipal Bureau of Sciences Forestry and Parks, China Action contre la Faim, France CNRA, Côte d’Ivoire Better Globe Forestry Limited, Adventist Development and Relief COBABA, Cameroon Kenya Agency, Kenya CODEL, Cameroon Bioversity International African Forum for Agricultural CODEM, Cameroon Advisory Services Borlaug Institute for South Asia, India Commonwealth Scientific and African Network for Agriculture, Industrial Research Organization, Agroforestry and Natural Bukalasa Agricultural College, Australia Resources Education Uganda Community Association for Aga Khan Foundation CARE International Development of Ngoume, Agropolis Fondation, France CARE Mali Cameroon Amani Nature Reserve, Tanzania Catholic Relief Services Cooperativa Agrícola Mista de Tomé-Açu, Brazil ANADER, Côte d’Ivoire Center for International Forestry Research Copperbelt University, Zambia Andhra Pradesh Government, India Center for People and Forests, Crops for the Future Research Thailand Centre Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioresources, Center for Research and Danish Centre for Forest, Nepal Teaching in Tropical Agronomy, Landscape and Planning, Forest Costa Rica & Landscape Denmark Asian Pulp and Paper Group, Indonesia Centre D’Appui aux Femmes et Deutsche Gesellschaft für aux Ruraux, Cameroon Internationale Zusammenarbeit Association Comité Villageois GmbH, Germany de Developpement de Mekom, Centre de Coopération Cameroon Internationale en Recherche Dien Bien Extension Center, Viet Agronomique pour le Nam Association Comité Villageoise de Développement, France Developpement du Village Ngat L’Ecole Nationale Supérieure et Edou, Cameroon Centre International de de Statistique et d’Economie Recherche-Développement sur Appliquée, Cote d’Ivoire Association Tous Egaux de L’Elevage en Zone Subhumide Doumzok, Cameroon Emory University, USA Centre Suisse de Recherches Bagong Silang Binhi Farmers Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire Association, The Philippines Agropecuária, Brazil 18 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Environmental Spirit Strategies Groupe d’Initiative Commune Institut des Sciences Ltd, Zambia Forêt Communautaire Nguimbock Agronomiques du Burundi Logbassanguen, Cameroon Ethiopian Environment and Forest Institut National Polytechnique Research Institute Groupe d’Initiative Commune Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Cote Forêt Communautaire Solidarité d’Ivoire Farm Concern International, Nyogn et Kelle, Cameroon Kenya Institut Senegalais de Recherches Groupe d’Initiative Commune La Agricoles, Senegal Feed the Children, USA Dymanique, Cameroon Institute for Policy and Strategy Forestry and Environment Groupe d’Initiative Commune for Agriculture and Rural Research, Development and MBACOF, Cameroon Development, Viet Nam Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Viet Groupe d’Initiative Commune Instituto de Investigaciones de la Nam PNNT, Cameroon Amazonia Peruana, Peru Georg-August-Universität Groupe d’Initiative Commune Instituto Nacional de Innovación Göttingen, Germany Pour le Developpement de la Agraria, Peru Foresterie Communautaire a Global Shea Alliance, Ghana Instituto Nacional de Investigación Nlomoto, Cameroon y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Groupe d’Initiative Commune Groupe d’Initiative Commune Spain Agro-Forestier D’Ossimb, PRODEVINDO, Cameroon - Cameroon Instituto Salvia Soluções Groupe d’Initiative Commune SocioAmbientais, Brazil Groupe d’Initiative Commune Sodenkang, Cameroon Agroforestier de la Communaute International Crops Research Groupe d’Initiative Commune Mgbasseng de Ngoume, Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Union Coeurs des Forets D’assok Cameroon 1, Cameroon International Institute of Tropical Groupe d’Initiative Commune Agriculture HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation Agroforestier des Femmes Actives International Center for Biosaline d’Endoum, Cameroon Higher National School of Agriculture Statistics and Applied Economy of Groupe d’Initiative Commune Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire International Network for Bamboo Chilly Revolution Verte du and Rattan Cameroun, Cameroon HM.Clause Inc, USA International Union for Groupe d’Initiative Commune Hunan Yunjin Group Company Conservation of Nature CRVC, Cameroon Limited, China International Water Management Groupe d’Initiative Commune des ICCO Cooperation, The Institute Communautes de Famille Banane, Netherlands Bagbam, Banteba, Bakeh et Baka Internews, USA Imaging Solutions Limited, Kenya de Medjoh, Cameroon Irish Aid IMBARAGA Farmers Association, Groupe d’Initiative Commune Rwanda Islamic Organization for Food Econome de Mindourou, Security of the Organization of Indian School of Business Cameroon Islamic Cooperation (IOFS) Institut de l’Environnement et de Groupe d’Initiative Commune Islamic Organization for Food Recherches Agricoles, Burkina Forêt Communautaire Security of the Organization of Faso Boomabong/Pouth Ndjock, Islamic Cooperation, Kazakhstan Cameroon ANNUAL REPORT 2019 19

Jomo Kenyatta University of National Agricultural Extension Rwanda Agriculture Board Agriculture and Technology, Center, Viet Nam Sahel Eco, Mali Kenya National Agricultural Research Savanna Agricultural Research Kapchorwa District Landcare and Innovation Centre of Hungary Institute, Ghana Chapter, Uganda National Centre for Genetic SGS Kenya Ltd Kazakh National Agrarian Resources and Biotechnology, University Nigeria La Société de Développement des Forêts, Côte d’Ivoire KEFI Minerals Ethiopia Limited National Forestry Resources Research Institute, Uganda Société d’Exploitation et de Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Developpement Aéroportuaire, Research Organization Netherlands Ministry for Foreign Aéronautique et Météorologique, Trade and Development Kenya Forest Service Côte d’Ivoire Cooperation Kenya Forestry Research institute Soil and Fertilizers Research New Mexico State University, Institute, Viet Nam Kisii University, Kenya USA Sokoine University of Agriculture, KKO International, France Northern Mountainous Agriculture Tanzania Kunming Institute of Botany, and Forestry Science Institute, Son La Extension Center, Viet China Viet Nam Nam Kyrgyz National Agrarian Oregon State University, USA South Eastern Kenya University University Oromia Agricultural Research Southern Cross University, Lake Basin Development Institute, Ethiopia Australia Authority, Kenya Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Stichting Interkerkelijke Aktie voor lCCO Cooperation, The Parish, Nakasongola, Uganda Latijns Amerika Solidaridad, Peru Netherlands Oxfam UK Technical University of Denmark Leibniz Universität Hannover, Peru, Ministry of Environment Germany Tharaka-Nithi County Princeton in Africa (PiAf) Government, Kenya Makerere University, Uganda Princeton University, USA The Nature Conservancy, USA Malawian Department of PT Riset Perkebunan Nusantara, Agricultural Research Services The Philippines, Department Indonesia of Environment and Natural Mali Bicarburant S.A, Mali PUR Projet, France Resources Malindi Maximum Prison, Kenya Pwani University, Kenya Threads of Life, Indonesia Mbale Coalition against Poverty, Regional Universities Forum for Tumbi Agricultural Research Uganda Capacity Building in Agriculture, Institute, Tanzania Mekelle University, Ethiopia Uganda Unique Forestry and Land Use, Mount Elgon Tree Growing Republican Scientific Production Germany Enterprise, Uganda Centre for Decorative Gardening United Nations Environment and Forestry, Uzbekistan Murdoch University, Australia Programme Research into Results Ltd, UK National Academy of Sciences of United Nations Industrial Kyrgyzstan Rongo University College, Kenya Development Organization 20 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia University of Freiberg, Germany Western Highlands Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, Universitas Mataram, Indonesia University of Helsinki, Finland Viet Nam Université de Bouaké, Côte University of Leeds, UK World Cocoa Foundation d’Ivoire University of Leuven, Belgium World Resources Institute Université Félix Houphouët- University of Natural Resources Boigny (UFR Biosciences), Côte World Vegetable Centre and Life Sciences, Austria d’Ivoire World Vision Australia University of Rwanda Université Nangui Abrogoua, World Vision Ethiopia Côte d’Ivoire University of Sydney, Australia World Vision International Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University of the Philippines at de Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire Los Baños World Vision Mali University College Cork, National University of Witwatersrand, World Vision Rwanda Johannesburg, South Africa University of Ireland World Vision Uganda University of Zambia University of Bonn, Germany World Wide Fund for Nature Vi Agroforestry, Sweden University of British Columbia, Yen Bai Department of Canada Viet Nam Academy of Forest Agriculture, Viet Nam Sciences University of Central Asia, Zambia Agriculture Research Tajikistan Wageningen University, The Institute University of Copenhagen, Netherlands Denmark ANNUAL REPORT 2019 21

OUR FINANCES

Our income Our expenditure

World Agroforestry’s funds come from public and World Agroforestry’s budget (US$ 59.7 million private investors, either directly or through the in 2019) is devoted almost entirely to managing CGIAR Trust Fund. In 2019, as in most recent and implementing research for development and years, the great majority (about 85 per cent) of ensuring that our administration, facilities and our income was tied to specific investor-funded infrastructure can effectively support operations. projects (Window 3 and bilateral)25. Consistent with More than 20 per cent of total expenditure was this, only a small proportion (3.9 per cent) of our allocated as sub-grants to implementation partners. 2019 income consisted of flexible or ‘unrestricted’ funding. Grant income was 3.2 per cent higher than Our ratio of personnel to operational costs was in 2018. Bilateral grant income increased by 26.4 0.66:1. Our audited overhead rate was 15.7 per per cent. cent.

Global TOTAL BUDGET: Travel 3% USD 59.7 MILLION 8%

39% Staff Costs Partners 22%

28%

Supplies and Services

25 World Agroforestry’s funding comes from two main sources: funds contributed by investors to the CGIAR trust fund and ‘bilateral’ direct funding from private and public sources. CGIAR trust fund resources are channelled to World Agroforestry through three ‘windows’ (W). W1 consists of funding allocated to the entire CGIAR portfolio of approved system-wide investments, prioritized and allocated by funders collectively through the System Council. W2 consists of funding allocated by investors individually to components of the system- wide portfolio. W3 consists of funding allocated by investors individually to projects that they and their partners define, and that World Agroforestry and partners will implement. ‘Bilateral’ funds include those from multilateral institutions. 22 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Our solvency and stability financial stability27 remained above the CGIAR benchmarks. At 144 and 108 days respectively, World Agroforestry’s short-term solvency26 and long-term Our full financial statement can be accessed here.

Land Restoration Project in Mwala, Kenya/Kelvin Trautman

26 The number of days that working capital could fund expenditure. 27 The number of days of that unrestricted net assets could fund expenditure. ANNUAL REPORT 2019 23

OUR INVESTORS

World Agroforestry’s research and impact are We gratefully acknowledge and thank each one: made possible through the support of public and above all, on behalf of the millions of beneficiaries of private sector investors who share and support our ICRAF’s work. strategic objectives—in 2019, these were more than 140 entities.

Acacia Forest Industries, Malaysia CGIAR System Organization Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa ADM Capital Foundation Ltd Chad German Academic Exchange Agridea, Switzerland CIRAD, France Service Agropolis Foundation, France Climate and Land Use Alliance German Federal Ministry Australian Centre for International Columbia Global Center Africa for the Environment, Nature Agricultural Research Commonwealth Scientific and Conservation and Nuclear Safety Austrian Federal Research and Industrial Research Organization, GFA Consulting Group, Germany Training Centre for Forests, Australia Global Crop Diversity Trust Natural Hazards and Landscape Concern Worldwide Global Green Growth Institute Azim Premji Philanthropic CORAF/WECARD, Senegal Initiatives Private Limited, India GlobalGiving, USA DAI Europe Ltd Bangor University, United GlobalGood, USA Kingdom David and Lucile Packard Gothenburg University, Sweden Foundation, USA Bill and Melinda Gates Government of Odisha, India Foundation, USA Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit Governors of St. Francis Xavier Bioversity International (GIZ) GmbH, Germany University/Coady International BirdLife Indonesia Association Institute, Canada Earth Innovation Institute, USA BNP Paribus Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation European Space Agency Brazilian Agricultural Research IDH Sustainable Trade Initiative, European Union Corporation (EMBRAPA) The Netherlands Flemish Office for Development CARE International India Cooperation and Technical Cargill Ghana and Cargill West Assistance Innovative Solutions for Decision Africa Ltd Agriculture Ltd, Kenya Fonds Danone pour l’Ecosystème Carnegie Corporation of New Institute for Global Environmental Fonds Interprofessionel pour la York, USA Strategies, Japan Recherche et le Conseil Agricoles Cémoi Group, France Integrated Carbon Sequestration Forest Research Institute of Project, Sudan Center for International Forestry Ghana Research 24 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

International Centre for Lesotho, Ministry of Agriculture Rwanda Natural Resources Environmental Management, Viet and Food Security Authority Nam Livelihoods Venture, France S&D Nedcoffee De Ruijterkade, International Centre for Tropical The Netherlands London School of Hygiene Agriculture & Tropical Medicine, United Selkie Consulting Limited, Ireland International Crop Research Kingdom SNV Netherlands Development Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics Lund University, Sweden Organization International Development Mars Inc, USA Solidaridad Network Asia Limited Research Centre, Canada McKnight Foundation, USA South Africa International Food Policy Research Institute Mercy Corps Europe Stitching Rainforest Alliance International Fund for Agricultural Mvule Trust, Uganda Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden Development National Academy of Science, International Institute for Applied USA Swaziland Water Agricultural Development Enterprise Systems Analysis National Institute of Agricultural International Institute of Tropical Botany, UK Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Agriculture National Institute of Forest International Livestock Research Science, Democratic Peoples’ Swiss Development Corporation Republic of Korea Institute Technical Centre for Agricultural International Maize and Wheat Natura Innovation and and Rural Co-operation Technology Products Ltd., Brazil Improvement Center The Gambia, Ministry of International Potato Center Natural Resources Canada Environment, Climate Change and Natural Resources International Rice Research Norwegian Agency for Institute Development Cooperation The Nature Conservancy, USA International Union for Norwegian Institute of The Netherlands Bioeconomy Research Conservation of Nature The Pacific Community Norwegian Refugee Council International Water Management The Philippines Department Institute ONF International, France of Environment and Natural Resources Interprofessional Fund for People’s Republic of China Agricultural Research and Council TMG Research gGmbH, Peru Ireland Germany PT Tirta Investama, Indonesia Japan UN Habitat PT. OKI Pulp & Paper Mills, United Kingdom Department for Kansas State University, USA Indonesia International Development Kenya Research into Results Ltd, U.K. United Kingdom Research and Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Research Triangle Institute Innovation Landscape Research e.V. International (RTI) United Nations Development Programme ANNUAL REPORT 2019 25

United Nations Environment United States Forestry Service World Bank Programme University of California (Davis), World Cacao Foundation United Nations Food and USA World Conservation Monitoring Agriculture Organization University of Edinburgh, United Centre United Nations Office for Project Kingdom World Food Prize Programme Services University of Ghana World Resources Institute United Nations University University of New Hampshire, International Organization Center World Vegetable Center USA United States Agency for World Vision International University of Vermont, USA International Development WYG International Ltd US Civilian Research & United States Department of Development Foundation Yale University, USA Agriculture

Coffee sorting near Hawasa, Ethiopia/Niels Van Iperen 26 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

OUR GOVERNANCE: THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES

World Agroforestry is governed by a joint CIFOR-ICRAF Board of Trustees which in 2019 comprised the following trustees:

Trustee Country Role M Claire O Connor Ireland Board Chair; Chair, Executive Committee José Joaquín Campos Costa Rica Board Vice-chair (from March) Arce Ex-officio Trustee (to February) Lisa Sennerby Forsse Sweden Board Vice-chair (to February) Alexander Müller Germany Chair, Research, Development and Innovation Committee Bushra Naz Malik Pakistan Chair, Audit and Risk Management Committee Elizabeth Adu Ghana Chair, People and Change Management Committee Getachew Engida UK Chair, Finance and Operations Committee Bisrat Aklilu Ethiopia Trustee (to April) Phyllis Caldwell USA Trustee (to February) Doris Capistrano Philippines Trustee Maria Teresa Cervera Goy Spain Trustee Milton Kanashiro Brazil Trustee (to February) Kaoru Kitajima Japan Trustee Wanjira Mathai Kenya Trustee Kathleen Merrigan USA Trustee Vijai Sharma India Trustee Marja-Liisa Tapio-Biström Finland Trustee Hamadi Boga Kenya Ex-officio Trustee, Government of Kenya representative (from February) Richard Lesiyampe Kenya Ex-officio Trustee, Government of Kenya representative (to January) Anthony Simons United Kingdom Ex-officio Trustee ANNUAL REPORT 2019 27

OUR STAFF

World Agroforestry’s staff numbers increased by 10 The dedication and high quality of both teams are per cent to 550 during 2019. vital to achieving our mission. Globally, our personnel can be categorized into two broad groups: science-implementing staff (scientists, research assistants), who make up 56 Geographical distribution per cent; and science-supporting personnel (a Due to the nature of its work, ICRAF is a highly diverse group, ranging from information technology decentralized organization: in 2019, over half of and communication specialists to finance and staff, and over two-thirds of scientists, were based administrative staff), who comprise 44 per cent of all outside our headquarters in Nairobi. staff.

3% East and Central Asia 32% 4% Scientists at HQ Latin America 5% South Asia 3% 4% 33% 5% Headquarters 11% 32% 33% Eastern and Southern 11% Africa

19% 68%

19% Southeast Asia 25%

68% Scientists in regions 25% West and Central Africa

Gender and diversity ICRAF’s staff are highly diverse, coming from 45 countries located in six continents. The age At headquarters, the overall gender ratio is 1:1. distribution of our workforce is well-balanced, with a Overall, our gender ratio remains male-biased preponderance of employees in the early to mid- (female:male ratio is 0.37:0.63). Globally, one-third career bands of ICRAF scientists are female. 28 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Staff list Geoffrey Abuor, Sammy Carsan, Joyce Chege, Agnes Gachuiri, Prasad Hendre, Simon Kang’ethe, Office of the director-general Robert Kariba, Ludy Keino, Roeland Kindt, Zakayo Kinyanjui, Stepha McMullin, Alice Muchugi, Samuel Anthony Simons (director-general), Elizabeth Mbele Muthemba, Nelly Mutio, Ken Mwangi, Jantor Ndalo, Kariuki, Christopher Knowles, Christine Larson- Eric Ng’ethe, John Innocent Nyagetuba, Valentine Luhila, Catherine Mwaniki Gitonga, Agnes Were Programme Development Unit: Catharine Watson Systems Theme: Fergus Sinclair (theme leader), (unit head), Bryony Bidder, Dennis Garrity, Peter Edith Anyango, Rodrigo Ciannella, Lisa Fuchs, Aster Gilruth, Edwin Kimani Chege, Stephanie Osano, Gebrekirstos, Mary-Jude Kariuki, Esther Kiura, Anne Patrick Worms Kuria, David Lelei, Christine Magaju, Ann Waithira Audit: José Miguel Méndez (unit head), Harrison Mbuthia, Ibrahim Mumani, Lukelysia N. Mwangi, Mbinj, Sheila Onyango John Nyaga, Anne Omollo, Leigh Winowiecki

Communications: Jeanne Finestone (unit head), Soils Theme: Keith Shepherd (theme leader), Martin Kavili, Maximiller Chepkonga, Stacey Kihiu, Dickens Alubaka Ateku, Emily Barasa, Ermias David Kimutai, Sheila Murithi, Susan Onyango, Betemariam, Cyrus Bondo, Robin Chacha, Samuel Anne Wachira Gaturu, Dominic Atandi Gisiora, Valentine Karari, Bella Kauma, Stanley Mulwa Kitiki, Christine Office of the deputy director-general for Lamanna, Caroline Muchiri, Jane Wanjiru Mwangi, research Beatrice Gathoni Mwangi, Hezekiah Nyandika, Isaac Ochieng, Gard Okello, Bruce Scott, Andrew Ravi Prabhu (deputy director-general for research), M. Sila, Yvonne Tamba, Erick Towett, Anne Winnie Achieng Adhoch, Susan Chomba, Joan Wavinya, Elvis Weullow Mativo, Jeremias Mowo, Stella Muasya, May Muthuri, Jacquelyne Ndagwa, Dietmar Stoian Landscapes Theme: Peter Minang (theme leader), Florence Bernard, Pius Borona, Lalisa Duguma, Capacity Development Unit: Mehmood Hassan Joyce Kasyoki, Catherine Kimengu, Kennedy (unit head), Imelda Ingumba - IMPACT OFFICE: Muthee, Judith Nzyoka, Joseph Tanui, Priscilla Karl Hughes (unit head), Caroline Gathoni, Hilda Wainana Kegode, Joan Kimaiyo, Kai Mausch, Judith Oduol, George Okwach, Ana Maria Paez Valencia, Phosiso Eastern and Southern Africa Region: Catherine Sola Muthuri (regional coordinator)

Knowledge Management: Thomas Zschocke (unit Ethiopia: Kiros Hadgu (country coordinator), head), Caroline Mbogo, Solomon Mwangi Abrham Abiyu, Bekele Achame, Girma Eshete, Hailemariam Gebrehiwott, Asres Habtamu, Niguse Research Methods Group: Anja Gassner (unit Hagazi, Samuel Hailu, Yared Kebede, Soren head), Brian Chiputwa, Richard Coe, Philip Dobie, Moestrup, Kedra Mohammed, Tiglu Seboka, Hadia Moises Gachie, Parmutia Makui, Mita Sambo Seid, Mekdes Sime, Workeye Solomon, Adgo Geo-Science: Tor-Gunnar Vågen (unit head), Tassew, Haile Tilahun, Endalkachew Woldemeskel Muhammad N. Ahmad, Aida Bargues Tobella, Kenya: Jonathan Muriuki (country coordinator), Mieke Bourne, Matthew Decuyper, Jason Kinyua, Sylvia Afwande, Justine Busili, Symon Chebor, Madelon Lohbeck, Faith Musili, Constance Neely, Miyuki Iiyama, Ruth Kinuthia, Grace Koech, Anthony Nguyo, David Okoto, Benard Onkware, Maimbo Malesu, Gideon Muindi, Mary Njenga, Jane Wanjara Rose Onyango, Irene Okeyo, Erick Otieno, Eunice Trees Theme: Lars Graudal (theme co-leader), Wamwangi Ramni Jamnadass (theme co-leader), ANNUAL REPORT 2019 29

Malawi: Isaac Nyoka (country coordinator), South Asia Region: Javed Rizvi (regional director, Gift Adamusoni, Austin Bondo, Tapiwa Kasaila, country coordinator India) Christopher Katema, Daniel Mtika, Konisaga Bangladesh: Abiah Rahman Mwafongo, Joyce Njoloma India: Pithan Kumar Bablu, Narsingh Behera, Rwanda: Athanase Mukuralinda (country Preeti Bhalla, Pithan Bhoi, Shiv Kumar Dhyani, Atul coordinator), Jean Paul Munyaneza, Bahati Dogra, Kamil Kumar, Santosh Kumar, Sunil Londhe, Ntawuhiganayo Elisee Kapileswar Mahapatra, Soumya Mahakhud, Manaj Tanzania: Anthony Kimaro (country coordinator), Mehar, Bibhu Prasad Mishra, Devashree Nayak, Violet Mtui, Jimmy Sianga, Anthony Tairo, Iswar Padhan, Raghaba Padhan, Jamal Pervez Emmanuel Temu Noor, Rini Prabhakar, Raj Nial Prem, Neeti Sablok, Somanath Sahoo, Subhrajyoti Sahoo, Bardi Uganda: Clement Okia (country coordinator), Philip Nayrayan Sahu, Raj Kumar Singh, Vinod Kumar Kihumuro, Gang Roy Singh, Sukhveer Singh Zambia: Rhett Harrison (country coordinator), Lydia South-East Asia Region: Delia Catacutan (regional Amanzi, Chisonga Chipo Milimo, Patricia Masikati, coordinator) Chilongo Ng’andu Indonesia: Sonya Dewi (country coordinator), East and Central Asia Region: Jianchu Xu Aenunaim, Zulfikar Ali Akbar, Tikah Atikah, Harry Tri (regional coordinator and China country coordinator) Atmojo Aksomo, Tania Benita, Lia Dahlia, Ferdyan China: Jiayu Bi, Dengpan Bu, Stefanie Goldberg, Dhio, Adrian Dwiputra, Andree Ekadinata, Indah Ruijue Hu, Heng Gui, Yi Jiang, William Julian, Fajarwati, Robert Finlayson, Melinda Firds, Sylvanita Sehroon Khan, Lu Li, Siqi Li, Zhengli Li, Xue Liang, Fitriana, Mirna Abdul Hamid, Hendratmo, Adis Qingyu Lu, Zhilin Mu, Sailesh Ranjithar, Austin Hendriatna, Riky Mulya Hilmansyah, Ismawan Iskak Smith, Yufang Su, Xuejing Wang, Minzhi Yan, Nugky, Vinny Iskandar, Isnurdiansyah, Jasnari, Leirong Yin, Deli Zhai, Haiya Zhang Xiaonan Zhu Feri Johana, Asri Joni, Ni’matul Khasanah, Ni Putu Sekar Trisnaning Laskemi, Beria Leimona, Kyrgyzstan: Niels Thevs (country coordinator), Betha Lusiana, Gerhard Manurung, Tengku Kumar Aliev Sherly Marisha, Lisma Minar Marpaung, Mu’min, Latin America Region: Daniela Pogliani (regional Arizka Mufida, Sandy Mukhlisin, Alfa Nugraha, manager, from August), Jonathan Cornelius Mohamad Nugraha, Inna Oktaviani, Sidiq Pambudi, (regional coordinator, to June) Arga Pandiwijaya, Aulia Perdana, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, Fenti Rachmayuniarti, Subekti Brazil: Andrew Miccolis (country coordinator), Rahayu, James M. Roshetko, Cintin Sakina, Lisa Jimi Amaral Silva, Rosemary Correa da Silva, Saputri, Yusi Septriandi, Retno Setyowati, Armand Flávia Cunha Costa, Martin Meier, Helen Monique Ronald Siahainenia, Muhammad Sofiyuddin, Nascimento Ramos, Henrique Rodrigues Marques, Dayu Soraya, Andi Suntana, David Susanto, Maya Terra Figueiredo Suyanto, Fitria Syarifah, Meine van Noordwijk, Diah Wulandari, Muhammad Thoha Zulkarnain Costa Rica: Laurène Feintrenie Philippines: Rodel Lasco (country coordinator). Peru: María Baca Gómez, Jonathan Cornelius, Erwin Albios, Michael Alvarez, Cynthia Jean Batin, Olivier Deheuvels, Silvia España, Cecilia Luque Mar Berry, Godfrey Buligan, Rosemarie Caballero, Portillo, Sarah-Lan Mathez-Stiefel, Róger Pinedo Renz Louis Celeridad Maggie Mae Guarte, Claridad Ramírez, Martin Reyes Acevedo, Valentina Robiglio, Kiat-Ong, Crisanto Macayan, Al-Mujahi Mamacol, Marta Suber, Jean Carlos Valverde Quiros, Carmen Yasser Mandoc, Maybellene C. Mendoza, Rosa Zubieta 30 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

John Philip Mercado, Joshua Moreto, Marichelle Tiemoko Camara, Adama Coulibaly, Bledah Nabol, John David Neidel, Ronald Noguera, Zarrel Henriette Felicite Dadouo, Guy Emile Yannic Gel Noza, Caroline Piñon, Enrico Replan,Grace Ann Decleire, N’Guessan Lucien Diby, Seydou Dosso, Reynoso Alloua Nina Christiane Eboh, Elysée Gadou, Dua Kobenan Gboko, Assassy Edith Gnamien, Djama Viet Nam: Tan Quang Nguyen (country Amelie Felicite-Josephine Gnankou, Guy Anselme coordinator), Eisen Bernard Bernardo, Yen Bui Tan, Gnomblei, Siagbe Golli, Bi Doh Irenee Goulizan, Thi Kim Dung Dinh, Trong Hoan Do, Kieu Huong, Martial Guede, Betyssa Hghazat, N’Dah Kouame Van Hung Do, Minh Tuan Duong, Nguyen La, Thi Augustin Kanga, Aubin Ghislain Koffi, Gael Wilfried Tam Le, Hue Le Hai, Rachmat Mulia, Minh Hien Felix Koffi, Yahoua Kouman Marie Koffi, Adja Nguyen, Mai Phuong Nguyen, Chi Kien Nguyen, Tchuwa Gilberte Koffi, Kouakou Koffie, Yao Paul Thi Thu Tha Nguyen, Tien Hai Nguyen, Quoc Huy Koko, Bah Jean Didier Konan, Ibrahim Kone, Siaka Nguyen, Trung Nguyen Duc, Thach Nguyen Van, Yonawa Kone, N’Dri Diagou Mathias Kouadio, Duc Thanh Pham, Thanh Loan Pham, Thanh Van Kouassi Joel Kouadio, Thomas d’Aquin Kouakou, Pham, Huu Thuong Pham, Elisabeth Simelton, My Konan Alain Stephane Kouakou, Kouassi Lucien Ha Tran, Philippe Vaast, Thi Hanh Vu, Trang Hong Kouakou, N’Guessan Christophe Kouame, Daniel Vu Kouame, Koffi Michael Kouame, Koffi Jean-Marc West and Central Africa Region: Christophe Kouame, Affoue Victorine Kouame, N’Goran Kouamé (regional coordinator) Jean-Jacques Kouame, Aya Christabelle Kouame, Kouassi Gabin-Aimé Kouame, Kouadio Fernand Cameroon: Ann Degrande (country coordinator), Kouame, Armand Kouame, Boka Antoine Kouao, Jean-Michel Harmand, Lyliane Kani, Serge Piabuao Allegra Yao Kouassi, Koffi Guillaume Kouassi, Mandiefe, Moussa Modi, Stanley Tangem Munje, Konan Jean Brice Kouassi, Yao Kouma Herve Crose Ngondjou, Landry Nya Njike, Edith Souop, Joel Kouassi, Boris Kouassi, Jean Bosco Kra, Tsafack Sygnola, Bertin Takoutsing, Caroline Morelle Lida, Colombe Zephyrine Loba, Akou Mafogue Tamo, Landry Tankam, Jean-Marie Jean Noel Loba, Kacou Antoine Alban M’Bo, N’Da Tchouala, Divine Foundjem Tita, Alain Tsobeng, N’Dri Anatole Mian, Yamiaman Siriki Morou, Modi Olutosine Ttibi Tada Moussa, N’Guetta Clovis-Jean N’Draman, Kouadio Chad: Apoline Mianoudji, Waye Taroum Caleb Florent N’Guessan, Henry Charles N’Guessan, Ngaba Affoué Alphonsine N’Guessan, Ouattara Hassane N’Guettia, Gisèle Andrea N’Toh, Jean-Claude N’ZI, Democratic Republic of The Congo: Todd Michel N’Zore, Poh Konan Georges N’Goran, Rosenstock Drissa Ouattara, Sylvain Sadia, Housseni Sangare, Bonglin Fulgence Siagbe, Tiahoua Soro, Kanigui Côte D’Ivoire: Adjekoua Laurent Abo, Traore Abou, Issouf Soro, Karna Ahmed Soro, Louis Topka, Adopo Wenceslas Affessi, Adouko Edith Chiakoun Affoué Léa Yao, Yao Germain Yao, Kouamé Agbo, Aby Eric Wilfried Ahui, Jean-Jacques Aka, Appolinaire Yao, Kouassi Maumlan Carole Yao, Koffi Gerard Yves Roland Aka, Didier Akesse, Kouassi Olivier Yao, Kouame Isaac Yao, Koidjo Jean Luc Amani, Ebretche Amoakon, Alain Rene Atangana, Yao, Jules Anderson Yapi, Karna Aboubacar Yeo, Tia Kesse Claude Vincent Bamba, Sahi Bamba, Kouadja Augustin Yra, Juvenal Zahoui Lorng Mel Theophile Barthe, Konan Rodrigue Behibro, Kouadio Yeboi Bene, Brahima Berthe, The Gambia: Alagie Bah Crepin Beugre, Bi Bolou Antoine Bolou, Atta Kouassi Georges Bredou, Kouadio Parfait Brou, Mali: Djalal Ademonla Arinloye (ICRAF Sahel Gnadabrou Emerson Esther Brou, Representative), Adeyemi Chabi, ANNUAL REPORT 2019 31

Bagayoko Dienebou, Ballo Adiaratou, Bayala Kithikii, George Libendi, Abigail Matoke, Elizabeth Jules, Bere Sidoine Wenyam, Bohissou Fidelia, Mbugua, Anthony Musyoka, John Musyoki, Camara Soumaila, Coulibaly Lassana, Dagnon Lucy Mwangi, Mary Ndambuki, Macdonald Ngangi, Drissa , Dagnon Salia, Dembele Catherine, Jacqueline Kerubo Nyabogo, John Ngure, Mary Dembele Kassim, Dembele Pierre, Diakite Ouma, Walter Simiyu, Jane Warui Adama, Diakite Nawary, Diallo Assamou, Diallo Sory, Diawara Seydou, Doukoro Diarra, Doumbia Management Information Systems: Linus Djibril, Doumbia Ibrahima, Doumbia Maimouna, Kabutha, Faith Murigi, Denice Okong’o, Mercy Doumbia Modibo, Guindo Mamoudou, Haidara Shitolwa, Dickson Kipyegon Moulaye, Kalinganire Antoine, Kante Alou, Keita Mariam, Keita Modibo, Keita Sekou, Kone Brehima, Legal Office: Francis Mahia (unit head), Gladys Lankoaunde Dieudonne William, Lansiry Toe Nia Toroitich Almadane, Mastalabi Abdou Ado, Ouattara Ibrahim, Grants and Sub-Grants: Anne Munene (unit head), Ouedraogo Clotaire, Sacko Makan, SamakeAlou, Cliff Mokua, Gladys Muita, John Mouriget, Edwin Samake Aminata, Samake Ouodiouma, Sanago Njunji Mahamadou Nagale, Sanogo Kapoury, Savadogo Patrice, Timbey Dolo, Tounkara Adama, Toure One Corporate System Operations Support: Ian Hamidou Youssouf, Toure Ibrahim, Toure Mamadou, Moore (unit head), Brendan Fagan, Daniel Nderitu, Traore Fatoumata dite Tata , Traore Mariam, Traore Caroline Nzui Patrice Procurement: Jacquelyne Were (unit head), Victoria Office of the director of human resources Gatei, Julius Gitau, Abel Mageto, Benjamin Musyoki Mbatha, Martha Muigai, Happiness Ndia, Dennis Idah Ogoso (acting head), Marion Cheredi, Beatrix Omondi Gacho, Marcus Gaitta, Sarah Gitau, Mark Lenana Lemeidimi, Loise Makara, Diana Rose A. Opar, Operations: Duke Keana (unit head), Martha Joylyne Toroitich, Celestine Umira Kitutu, Sallyannie Muhoro, Evanson Mutua, Steven Obondo, Charles Otieno Office of the director of corporate services Security: Peter Murunga (unit head) Benjamin Boxer (director, to October), Sarah Travel and Conferences: Judy Munene (unit head), Kimathi Evanson Mutua Financial Services Unit: David Kanini (unit head), Protocol: George Mbiriri (unit head), Robert Berine Ada, Pauline Ahero, Leah Charana, Caroline Chepkemoi, Hannah Gitere, Eudius Gituru, David Waweru Kariuki, Fidelis Katumo, Francis Kinyanjui, Eric 32 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ACIAR Australian Centre for International ICRAF World Agroforestry Agricultural Research IFAD International Fund for Agricultural BMU Federal Ministry for the Development Environment, Nature Conservation IKI International Climate Initiative, and Nuclear Safety, Germany Germany CCAFS CGIAR Research Program IPBES Intergovernmental Science-Policy Programme on Climate Change, Platform on Biodiversity and Agriculture and Food Security Ecosystem Services CIFOR Center for International Forestry IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Research Change CIRAD Agricultural Research for IUCN International Union for Conservation Development of Nature CNRA National Agricultural Research Knowfor International Forestry Knowledge Centre programme, FCDO CTCN Climate Technology Centre And LUMENS Land-Use Planning For Multiple Network Environmental Services Dryad Financing Sustainable Community NCOP Nested community of practice Forest Enterprises in Cameroon NGO Non-governmental organization DryDev Drylands Development Programme NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development EC European Commission Cooperation ERA Evidence for Resilient Agriculture SHARED Stakeholder Approach to Risk- EU European Union informed and Evidence-based Decision-making FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations UN United Nations FCDO Foreign, Commonwealth and UNDP United Nations Development Development Office, UK Programme FTA CGIAR Research Program UNFCCC United Nations Framework Programme on Forests, Trees and Convention on Climate Change Agroforestry USAID United States Agency for GCA Global Commission on Adaptation International Development GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für USDA-FAS United States Department of Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Agriculture – Foreign Agricultural Germany Service HLPE High Level Panel of Experts of the United Nations Committee on World Food Security United Nations Avenue, Gigiri PO Box 30677, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya Tel: +254 20 7224000 Via USA +1 650 833 6645 Via USA +1 650 833 6646 Email: worldagroforestry@cgiar.org www.worldagroforestry.org

World Agroforestry is a CGIAR Research Center