THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL

Photo jrom C. C. Jordan DISTANT VIEW OF THE MONASTERY AT VALAMO

MARCH, 1928 No. 3 oAnnouncingy Vhe VICTORY SIX

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PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION

VOL. V, No. 3 WASHINGTON, D. C. MARCH, 1928 Curacao, The Quaint

By STANLEY L. WILKINSON, Vice Consul, San Jose SPICK-AND-SPAN, that is one’s original im¬ to a depth of over 80 feet and leading to the inner pression as Curacao, the principal island of harbor or “bowl,” known as the Schottegat, a the Netherlands West Indies, is first viewed beautiful bay, completely landlocked, and with an from the open roadstead and the unique harbor area sufficiently large to permit maneuvering by entrance is approached. One imagines a city pre¬ the largest vessels. And with its numerous small sided over by an army of Dutch maids armed bays and channels could, very probably, afford with brooms and brushes. The tiled housetops, comfortable anchorage for the largest navy in the with their glittering calcimined ridges, appear to world. have been freshly scrubbed, and the spotless white The channel entrance leading to the inner and yellow adobe walls reminds one immediately harbor bisects the city, making two sections, the of proverbial Dutch cleanliness. From the sea western side (Otrabanda) being the largest and the island city of Curacao (Willemstad) appears most thickly populated; the eastern section, called as one of the most picturesque of tropical, if not Punda, is the principal commercial division. The world, ports, notwithstanding the almost com¬ two districts of the city are connected by a pon¬ plete lack of vegetation. But in so far as color toon bridge, operated by a power cable, and open¬ is concerned, the riotous reds, greens, blues and ing from the Punda side and swinging very yellows of the walls and roofs amply compensate slowly to Otrabanda to permit the ingress and for the scarcity of plant life. The latter condi¬ egress of all shipping, and as the volume of ship¬ tion being due principally to the coral formation ping is large, the bridge, called the “Queen of the island. And strangely the colors under Emma,” is very frequently open, and one is ob¬ the brilliant tropical sun seem to blend like those liged to be punted across the channel, this opera¬ of a rainbow and do not appear inharmonious. tion requiring much less time than it ordinarily The harbor entrance comes as a complete sur¬ takes the “Queen Emma” to close. Fortunately, prise. It is so narrow that it is not seen from there is very little tide, as in the calmest weather the sea until the vessel, skirting the rocky coast, the snaky, wooden path undulates and is reminis¬ maneuvers to accommodate the pilot boat, whose cent of the old one-man suspension bridges in wake indicates the port entrance between the two certain districts of the United States. The bridge ancient fortresses guarding the mouth. The har¬ is operated by a local company and toll is col¬ bor entrance is shaped much like a carafe, the lected at the following rates, the tariff evidently “neck” leading to the sea, and the channel barely being based upon the pedestrian’s possession of wide enough to permit safe clearance. This nar¬ foot gear: Persons with shoes, 4/5 of a cent row passage continues for approximately 1,600 (U. S. currency) ; donkey carts, 4 cents (U. S. yards and is a natural formation cut through the currency) ; children and servants, 2/5 of a cent coral strand and dropping almost perpendicularly (U. S. currency) ; automobiles, 10 cents (U. S. 73 currency) ; persons without shoes, 2/5 of a cent already described, one is brought to the realiza¬ (U. S. currency). tion that the Dutch can not in justice monopolize Owned or chartered vessels of the Curacaosche the reputation for unsulliedness, at least not as Petroleum Industrie Maatschapij, a subsidiary of far as local conditions are concerned, although the famous “Dutch Shell,” constitute the majority again admitted that the chief contenders of this of the shipping of the port, the local refinery— enviable reputation owe allegiance to the Nether¬ one of the largest in the world and manufactur¬ lands, they are Jews of original Portugese and ing practically every known oil product—receiv¬ Spanish extraction. This district, Scharloo, is ing the crude material from the Venezuelan fields. occupied almost exclusively by the Jewish element, Curacao is also a regularly scheduled port of call and is the most immaculate area of the island, for British, French, Dutch, Italian, German and containing the most beautiful homes, built rnostly American steamship lines, as well as numerous on the one-floor plan with enormously thick smaller craft engaged in the coastal trade with walls, which exclude the fierce rays of the sun South America and the neighboring islands. and make the spacious interiors delightfully cool The deep shore water permits the largest ves¬ on the hottest days. The exteriors, many with sels to dock along both side of the entrance, al¬ glazed tile facades, give this locality the appear¬ though the larger vessels usually proceed directly ance of a toy city comprised of dolls’ houses, to the Schottegat or “Isla” (as the plant of the quite distinct from the other sections of the city Dutch Shell is locally known) where they bunker. and conforming with usual Jewish exclusiveness. And it requires little elasticity of the imagination From the surrounding hills and points of higher elevation the liners along shore appear to to give credence to the local statement that agents be berthed on the city streets, with inquisitive of a certain manufacturing concern decided upon bows penertating the waterfront stores, their Curacao and this special district is a model for smokestacks and masts towering above the squat, their advertisement depicting a “spotless town,” many-gabled Dutch structures, present a strange as residents of Scharloo may point, with justifi¬ able pride, to their segregated section. view and appear from a distance as incongruous appurtenances of the buildings themselves. HISTORICAL SKETCH The primary impression of cleanliness con¬ Curacao is said to have been discovered about tinues even after one’s ship has entered the har¬ 1499 by one Alonzo de Ojeda, who took posses¬ bor, and the extremely narrow alleyways of the sion of the island in the name of the Spanish negro quarters have not been too closely scruti¬ Crown. Little or no authentic historical data con¬ nized, as even the waterfront is extraordinarily cerning the island are available, however, up to free from the usual debris of a seaport town. the time the Emperor (Charles V) made a crown And as one later inspects Scharloo, a continua¬ concession of what is now the Dutch West Indies, tion of Punda, the eastern district of the city consisting of the six island possessions of Curacao,

HARBOR AT CURACAO Photo from S. L. Wilkinson 74 Aruba, Bonaire, St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Mar¬ Tourists to Curacao are shown a grave in one tin, to Juan de Ampues, at that time, about 1522, of the old cemeteries said to contain parts of royal governor of a large part of what is now Peter’s anatomy, ranging from a mere pedal digit the South American Republic of Venezuela and to his entire former being; whether any portion the Guianas, the Netherlands still retaining Suri¬ of the former governor was actually interred here name (Dutch Guiana), the largest of the Dutch is a matter of conjecture, although certain Cura- possessions in the Western Hemisphere. caoan guides stoutly maintain the limb lost in From this period to the early part of the nine¬ the St. Martin battle was really buried here. In teenth century Curacao was the target for Dutch, any event, the final resting place of this member French and British conquest expeditions or naval receives little attention and none of the deference attacks by commanders of the vessels of the coun¬ due even a mere leg of so illustrious a personage. tries named, either operating under crown instruc¬ About the time of Stuyvesant’s incumbency tions or being individually tempted by the island’s slavery was inaugurated on a large scale, the port lack of organization and its strategical position eventually becoming the largest slave exchange on the Spanish main as well as many natural market in the Western Hemisphere and the prin¬ advantages as a naval base. cipal point of distribution for the Spanish Evidently de Ampues took little interest in his colonies. royal possessions, as the meager history of the After an unsuccessful attempt to capture West Indies contains no mention of his ever hav¬ Curacao in 1673 the French, about 50 years later, ing visited the Antilles, and little or nothing was conquered the island, but retired after having de¬ done toward colonization or development. manded and received a very heavy cash requisi¬ In 1634 Curacao, after little resistance, was tion, the forced sum having been contributed to captured by the Dutch under the command of by practically every resident of the town. Ap¬ Capt. van Walbeeck. A decade later (1644) one proximately a century later (1800) and after the Petrus Stuyvesant was serving in the West In¬ slave rebellion the French again attempted the dies as Director of the Colony of Curacao, and conquest of the island, and although they were it was during this period that he suffered the loss successful in the initial attack they were shortly of his leg in an attack upon the Spanish island repelled by the Dutch aided by British troops. of St. Martin, now the third largest of the Dutch P'or this service the British commander, who con¬ possessions in the West Indies. trolled the situation, took advantage of his posi¬ tion and proclaimed British sovereignty over the PETER STUYVESANT, GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK island, and it remained a neglected British pos¬ AND CURACAO session for a period of two years, being returned After three years’ service in this colony to the Dutch after the treaty of Amiens (1802). (Curacao) he was appointed Director General of Within two years after the return of the the New Netherlands and arrived in New Am¬ island, the English again sent an expeditionary sterdam (New York) in May, 1647. force with the idea of regaining possession, but

Photo from S. L. Wilkinson FORT AMSTERDAM AT THE HARBOR MOUTH 75 the city, under the able leadership of Luis Brion, with propriety. Basically a negro dialect, it is whose exploits and personal valor make him a spoken by all classes. It is taught in the non¬ sort of patron saint, successfully repelled the at¬ paying schools, and although prohibited in the tack. The British, however, incensed at their pay institutions it is used almost exclusively in defeat, returned within the year with a stronger the homes of rich and poor and is actually the force and easily invaded the island. From this social idiom of the island. There are really two time (1805) to 1815 it remained a British pos¬ session, being finally surrendered to the Nether¬ “papiamento” dialects—corresponding to the two lands Government by virtue of the treaty of districts into which the city itself is divided—• Paris, and has remained the second largest of one in which Spanish and Portuguese words pre¬ the Dutch possessions in the New World and dominate, and the other consisting mostly of the largest of the islands of the Dutch West Dutch terms, and in many instances it is diffi¬ Indies. cult for one person or resident speaking “Spanish papiamento” to completely comprehend one using CURACAOAN ESPERANTO the Dutch style. Thus Punda, the eastern sec¬ If all the tongues of Babel had been combined, tion and residential district of the Jews, uses the the resulting phraseology could not have been former branch of the patois, while Otrabanda, much more diversified than the Curacaoan which is principally Dutch, employs the latter, linguistic olio, “papiamento.” e. g., residents of Otrabanda say Brug (bridge), Although the English, Spanish, Dutch and while in Punda the Spanish term “puente” is used. French languages are taught in the excellent pub¬ There is also a third ramification of the idiom, lic schools and spoken fluently by the better that spoken in the isolate districts of the island classes, the popular medium of expression is the and differing from both dialects used in the city. patois mentioned, a conglomeration of Spanish, The term “papiamento” means literally “lan¬ Dutch and Portuguese with not a few terms of guage, tongue, to speak,” etc. With the exception English and French derivation. In fact, if one of Aruba and Bonaire, other Dutch insular posses¬ is at a loss for a word in “papiamento,” its equiva¬ sions, “papiamento” is said to be unknown in any lent in almost any other language may be used other part of the universe, as English is the prin¬ cipal idiom of the re¬ maining three islands, ex¬ cepting St. Martin, a joint Dutch and French possession.

CLIMATE AND INDUSTRY The peculiar porous rock (coral) formation of the island prohibits agricultural production to any extent, while cli¬ mate and lack of rain both contribute in no small degree to this con¬ dition, and the district is, therefore, almost en¬ tirely dependent upon the outside world for its food supply. It is ex¬ tremely warm most of the year, August, Sep¬ tember and October be¬ ing considered the hot¬ test months, although even during the noon period there is a refresh¬ THE WATERFRONT, CURACAO ing sea breeze which mit- 76 igates the heat, and nights are usually delightfully cool. The slight rainfall usually occurs dur¬ ing the very early morning hours, but rarely in sufficient quantity to insure a steady supply of water, so that frequently water becomes so scarce that it is sold for as high as 50 cents (U. S. currency) per small tin. Aloes (aloe succotrina), phos¬ phate, straw hats, salt, oil and dividivi (caesalpinia coriaria) are the principal products of the island. Although the famous “liqueur Curacao,” distilled from the peel of a small bitter orange grown on the island, is manufac¬ tured locally, the principal com¬ mercial brand is made in Ham¬ burg and Amsterdam. A few ostriches are also raised for breeding purposes, and the finer Photo from S. L. Wilkinson feathers of the Sudan and Sen¬ AN ISLAND INDUSTRY egal birds are made into numer¬ ous articles and sold principally to tourists. The cally every other geographical division of the birds, of which there are at present about 75 on Caribbean, Curacao has little sickness of any the island, are sold to circuses, zoos, etc. kind and no malaria. In certain of the old The entire export trade of the island totaled descriptions of the island the name “Curacao” approximately $12,000,000 in 1924, oil and oil is said to have been derived from an Indian products constituting over 90 percent of this phrase, “Cura puiri,” meaning “health restorer” amount. As oil is not found upon the island, or “place of curing,” and whether the derivation but is shipped for refining from the near-by is accurate or not the appellation is appropriate Venezuelan fields, hat straw imported from South today, notwithstanding the forced and monoto¬ America, aloes and dividivi produced mainly on nous diet of canned food and fish. Although there the neighboring islands of Aruba and Bonaire, (Continued on page 103) salt and phos¬ phate are really the unique nat¬ ural products of this immediate district, and it may therefore be concluded that the island’s con¬ tinued prosperity depends almost entirely upon the local oil indus¬ try, or, to be more explicit, the the continued productivity o f the Venezuelan fields. Photo from S. L. Wilkinson Unlike practi- THE AMERICAN CONSULATE, CURACAO 77 An Ancient Shrine of Holy Russia

By CURTIS C. JORDAN, Consul, Barcelona ONE of the most curious spots that the trav¬ ernment to take their places. After they are all eler in Finland can visit is the old Russian gone the property will be wholly taken over by monastery situated on the island of Valamo, the Finnish Government, which has already a in Lake Ladoga. We were fortunate enough to strong military post on the island. Thus in a be able to make the pilgrimage in the month of comparatively few years this ancient shrine that June, when the days were longest and when the has been venerated for many generations will be soft airs of spring had melted the ice and brought nothing but a memory. out the flowers and leaves in their full beauty and We entered the immense courtyard that sur¬ sweetness. rounds the church. As we passed through the We embarked at Sordavala on a small Fin¬ deep archway, we could see, right and left, facing nish patrol boat, accompanied by a group of laugh¬ the church, the cells of the monks, most of them ing, chattering students. The water was slightly empty now. Our guide was an elderly monk ruffled by the cool breeze from the east, and the about 60 years of age, with curly beard and merry day was fair; everything pointed to a quick brown eyes. Fie had not entirely lost touch with transit. Our approach to the venerable shrine the world, and told us with an amused chuckle was not to be too casual and easy, however. A of one of the brothers who was spending some mist that had been hovering overhead suddenly time alone on a small island near Valamo as dropped and enshrouded us in semi-darkness. punishment for—well, Finland is a dry country Cruising along at reduced speed, it began to be and they raise a great many potatoes on Valamo, doubtful whether we would reach our destination more than can be eaten. in time to see it at its best, but just as we were The interior of the church is lavishly deco¬ most pessimistic the fog dissolved with dramatic rated with paintings depicting biblical scenes; suddenness and ahead, blazing in the noonday sun, icons covered with gold and precious stones hang were the pointed golden domes of Valamo. En¬ in every available space, and a life-size image of tering the deep, cold inlet, we cautiously glided the Virgin, crowned with gold and sapphires and between the rocky banks and moored at the dilapi¬ robed with gold filigree, occupies the center of dated wooden pier, very glad indeed to find our¬ the auditorium. Behind the main part of the selves on land with a long afternoon of explora¬ church is a sanctuary where women are never tion ahead of us. allowed to enter. Here is kept the most mag¬ Overlooking the waters of the narrow harbor nificent treasure of all—an altar of pure gold stands the church. The building is of recent con¬ studded with jewels. struction, having been commenced in 1892, the As we mounted the steep stairway leading up nine hundredth anniversary of the founding of to the top of the bell-tower, we were edified by the monastery; it stands on the same spot as that more paintings, showing in painful detail the man¬ first simple edifice of logs. The monks erected ner of death of the most prominent martyrs. this modern structure almost entirely by them¬ Through the large arches at the top of the tower selves. The group of buildings comprising the we could see the whole group of islands and far monastery is extensive, and in former days beyond the waters of the immense lake melting housed a thousand monks and novices. The mem¬ into the distant horizon. Suddenly the big bells bers are mostly peasants and the organization is overhead began a great clanging, which continued headed by an Igumen, who governs in patriarchial a few minutes and then as suddenly ceased, while style. The novices formerly acted as servants to sweet chimes took up the melody. The bells are the monks; they were free to go away until they firmly fixed to heavy wooden beams and are rung became 30 years of age, then, if they elected to by striking the clappers against the sides. Such remain to become monks later, they gave up all a mass of metal could not be swung to and fro ties with the outer world, even their names. There at that height without danger of bringing down have been no novices admitted for a good many the tower. years and the number of monks has dwindled to When we had descended and were once more a scant 300. Many of them are old, and when in the auditorium the evening service was in they die no young men are permitted by the Gov¬ progress. Daily religious services are held, from 78 6 to 9 in the evening and from 3 to 6 in the morn¬ persons have been accommodated here. The enter¬ ing. The monks then don a veil over their tall, tainment was free, each guest giving what he brimless hats and add a robe to their costumes. could on departing. The rooms are mere Entering the church, they bow low to the various cubicles—the picture of monastic simplicity. A icons and statues, crossing themselves rapidly and board covered with a couple of blankets for a bed, almost touching the floor with their heads. Then another board set at an angle for a pillow, a chair they go to the tomb of the founders of the mon¬ and a plain table comprise the furnishings. Meals astery, Hermann and Sergius, whose remains lie are eaten in the long refectory room, furnished in a simple stone sarcophagus in the auditorium, with wooden benches and bare tables. There are bow very deeply, make the sign of the cross again three meals a day, with grace said before and after and kiss the glass cover of the tomb. They are each meal. The Igumen sits at the head of the constantly moving and crossing themselves. Dur¬ first table with the monks in descending rank ing the service the Igumen stands on a carved below him. The dishes are of brown earthen¬ wooden throne covered with velvet. Everyone ware. The food consists of soup, vegetables, milk, stands or kneels. Their long hair, falling to the wine, bread and butter, with fish on Sundays. shoulders, and unkempt beards and pallid, dreamy Small beer is ladled out of an earthenware tureen. faces give the monks a strange appearance. They At certain seasons, notably at Eastern time, the drop in at any time during the service with true diet is restricted to vegetables. Russian disregard of punctuality. In the choir Near by are extensive gardens where quan¬ a wonderful chorus intones a chant, as deep and tities of early fruits and vegetables are raised. rich as the music of a great organ. The choristers The island, set in a great lake 7,000 square miles enter from both sides simultaneously, walk around in area, has a singularly mild climate and vege¬ the altar, and then stand in a half circle slightly tation develops early. The surrounding water is behind it. a thousand feet deep and always cold. The monks After remaining a short while, we went on to market their produce on the mainland, building see the guest house near by. It is a large, square and navigating their own boats. The forest which building, very plain, with many small windows covers the island yields a great deal of timber, and looking quite clean from the outside. How¬ which is also sold. Workshops are maintained ever, as soon as one sets foot inside a dank odor where boots, clothing, building material, leather assails the nostrils and the narrow halls and small and metal work are produced. These articles, rooms are damp and dark. The house was built after supplying the needs of the institution, are to accommodate 2,000 guests, and in times of sold. The monks dress in black robes, often great pilgrimages it is said that as many as 3,000 (Continued, on page 103)

THE MONASTERY ON VALAMO Photo from C. C. Jordan 79 MONT BLANC By Francis B. Keene Consul General, retired, Francis B. Keene, writes the JOURNAL: “The poem of Consul Edwards, in the Decem¬ ber issue of the JOURNAL, has recalled the inclosed

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN lines, which, haggard with fatigue from long labors in the most difficult of all the consular SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. posts in Switzerland after the war began, I wrote The American Foreign Service Journal is published monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, and is distributed as a farewell to the great mountain which had by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also looked in at my windows during the 10 years open to private subscription in the United States and abroad at the rate of $4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the of my service at Geneva”: American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. Adieu, Mont Blanc, eternal snow; The purposes of the Journal are (1) to serve as an exchange Your golden crown of alpine glow among American Foreign Service officers for personal news and for information and opinions respecting the proper discharge of Fast fades to gray, as up your steeps their functions, and to keep them in touch with business and administrative developments which are of moment to them; and The shadow of night’s curtain creeps. (2) to disseminate information respecting the work of the The scarred Saleve and Voirons bar Foreign Service among interested persons in the United States, including business men and others having interests abroad, and The border of your fastness far. young men who may be considering the foreign Service as a career. The Mole is bare and broken cone Propaganda and articles of a tendentious nature, especially ’Mid clinging cloud-wreaths lifts alone. such as might be aimed to influence legislative, executive or Of darkness it has heard the knell, administrative action with respect to the Foreign Service, or the Department of State, are rigidly excluded from its columns. And at your gate stands sentinel. Contributions should be addressed to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. Beyond your silent summits high, In Arno’s far-off vale, there lie Copyright, 1928, by the American Foreign Service Association Scenes loved and lost. I seem to see, Alight in glow of memory, Giotto’s campanile, where CONTENTS The vesper bells on evening air Ring out their summons to divine PAGE Devotions at the Duomo’s shrine. Soon will the firefly’s feeble spark CURACOA THE QUAINT—By S. L. Wilkinson. 73 On San Miniato dot the dark, AN ANCIENT SHRINE OF HOLY RUSSIA—By Where Michelangelo looks down, C. C. Jordan 73 In David, on the storied town, And Florence, like a bracelet bright, MONT BLANC—By Francis B. Keene, A Poem 80 Will clasp her vale with twinkling light. ITEMS 81 In midday gleam, in evening gloom, 89 I’ve seen your solemn massif loom BIRTHS In every phase of light and shade ENGAGEMENTS 89 A long laborious decade. Though clouds may shut you from my sight, MARRIAGES 89 Or storms your crags and glaciers smite, NECROLOGY 89 I know that you but bide your time

FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES 91 To show your snowy crest sublime. My duty calls me where I may APPOINTMENTS 91 Not see you more. Yet day by day

PROMOTIONS 94 Be you my mentor. Lone my lot, From loved ones parted by war’s plot. 94 COMMERCIAL ’Mid weariness and care and stress, AMBASSADOR FLETCHER ADVISES 96 A symbol you of steadfastness. 80 ITEMS

The Secretary of State and Mrs. Kellogg Minister Jesse S. Cottrell, La Paz, who has visited Ottawa from February 6 to 9, inclusive, been ill, is now on a visit to Washington. and were extensively entertained during their sojourn in the capital city of the Dominion of Minister Willis C. Cook, Caracas, visited Wash¬ Canada, including several dinners at Government ington and conferred with the President. House, luncheon with the Prime Minister, visits to the Senate and House of Commons, and dinner Minister John Van A. MacMurray, Peking, and reception at the House of Commons. accompanied by Diplomatic Secretary Howard Bucknell, has departed from his post on an ex¬ Minister Frederick A. Sterling, Dublin, who tensive trip in China, including visits to Tsingtao, was in Washington on leave of absence during Shanghai, Hankow and possibly Changsha and the visit of President Cosgrave, has returned to Chungking. his post. Minister John B. Stetson, Warsaw, is now in Ambassador Hugh S. Gibson, Brussels, has de¬ the United States on leave. parted from his post on a visit to the Belgian Congo. Mr. Gibson expects to take about two Diplomatic Secretary John S. Gittings, Prague, months on his trip, and during his absence the who has been on leave of absence and visiting in Embassy will be in charge of Diplomatic Secre¬ Baltimore and Washington, has returned to his tary Edward L. Reed. post.

AT MELBOURNE Left to right, bottom row: Trade Commissioner for New Zealand H. J. Manson, Trade Commis¬ sioner for Canada D. H. Ross, Consul General Arthur Garrcls, Secretary to the Premier of Victoria H. T. Vickers. Top row: Consul Thomas H. Robinson, British Trade Commissioner H. L. Setchell, Vice Consul J. E. Moran, Assistant Canadian Trade Commissioner Charles Hartleit, Consul for Czechoslovakia Edgar H. Peacock, Vice Consul Leo J. Callanan SI Consul General Stanley W. Hollis, who re¬ There has been created in the Department by cently arrived in Washington on leave, is at pres¬ order of the Secretary of State a Protocol Divi¬ ent confined to the hospital suffering from a re¬ sion. Diplomatic Secretary James C. Dunn is currence of the ailment from which he suffered to be in charge of the new division; Diplomatic while in Lisbon. Secretary Myron A. Hofer, administrative officer; and Mr. Charles Lee Cooke, ceremonial officer. Mr. David F. Wilber, formerly Consul Gen¬ eral at Melbourne, who now resides at Oneonta, Consul Fletcher Warren, Department, accom¬ N. Y., visited the Department during the month. panied by Mrs. Warren, spent the months of December and January in Texas visiting relatives Mr. Mahlon F. Perkins, until recently assigned and friends. as Consul at Tientsin, has been appointed a Sec¬ retary in the Diplomatic Branch of the Foreign Consul Emil Sauer, Toronto, made a short visit Service and assigned as Counselor of the Legation to the Department during the month of February. at Peking, relieving Mr. Ferdinand L. Mayer, who has been assigned to the Legation at Ottawa. Mr. Consul Jesse B. Jackson, Leghorn, called at Perkins is now on leave at his home in La Jolla, the Department en route to his home in Colum¬ Calif. bus, Ohio, where he was on account of the death of Mrs. Jackson. Consul General Arthur C. Frost, recently as¬ signed to Prague, is spending most of his leave Consul Louis H. Gourley, assigned to Sao in Boston before proceeding to his new post. Paulo, Brazil, sailed from New York City on Feb¬ Consul General Frost spent several days of his ruary 11 on the steamship Southern Cross. leave in Washington. Consul Arthur B. Cooke, Plym¬ outh, was oper¬ ated on in Lon¬ don on January 7, 1928, for mas¬ toiditis. Consul Cooke came through the op¬ eration success¬ fully and is slowly gaining in health.

In accordance with a recent order issued by the Secretary of State Consul General John K. Caldwell was named Acting Chief of the Di¬ vision of Far Eastern Affairs effective August 15, 1927.

Consul John CONSUL GENERAL AND MRS. N. B. STEWART James M e i 1 y, Sailing for Barcelona Stavanger, spent 82 several days in Washington before proceeding to The following non-career officers took the oral his home at Fullerton, Pa., where he will spend examination for the Foreign Service at the De¬ the remainder of his leave. partment on February 14, 1928: Consul Robert L. Rankin, Brisbane, Australia, Vice Consul Frederick S. Barney, Dublin. is spending his leave in Berlin, N. J. Vice Consul Leo F. Cochran, Buenos Aires. Vice Consul Cavendish W. Cannon, Zurich. Vice Consul Raymond E. Ahearn, recently in Vice Consul J. Loder Park, Aden. charge of the Consulate at Charlottetown, is now Vice Consul Henry O. Ramsey, Belfast. on leave of absence at his home in Nashville, Vice Consul Archer Woodford, Rio de Janeiro. Tenn. Consul General Frank C. Lee sailed from New Vice Consul Winfield H. Scott, Puerto Cas¬ York on the steamship Leviathan on February 11 tilla, is now on leave of absence in Washington. en route to his new post at Singapore. Vice Consul Curtis T. Everett, Bombay, visited the Department before proceeding to New York Mr. Edgar A. Shreve, who has been in the City and Indianapolis where he will spend his Department for a number of years, has succeeded leave of absence. Consul General Frank C. Lee in the Office of Foreign Service Personnel. Vice Consul Robert C. Coudray, Hankow, called at the Department, afterwards leaving for Vice Consul Ellis A. Bonnet, transferred re¬ Hollywood, Fla., for his leave of absence. cently from Belize to Durango, called at the De¬ partment en route to his home at Eagle Pass, Consul Henry H. Balch, Adelaide, after an Texas, where he will spend his leave before pro¬ eventful trip home requiring nearly three months, ceeding to his new post. reported at the Department before proceeding to his home in Huntsville, Ala. The following Foreign Service Officers at Pres¬ ent undergoing instructions in the Foreign Consul W. M. Parker Mitchell, Quebec, paid a short visit to the De¬ partment during the past month.

The young son of Consul Edward P. Lowry, underwent an almost fatal accident shortly after his ar¬ rival at Guadalajara, when he was run over by an automobile. The little boy suffered a serious scalp wound besides being considerably bruised. After less than two weeks in bed he was able to get up.

Consul G. Carleton Woodward, Prince Rupert, reports that he had occasion recently to be of service to the wife and children of a great grandson of Zachary Taylor, former President of the United States.

Consul H. Merle Cochran, Paris, is now in Washington on leave, having found it necessary to come to this country on account of the illness of Mrs. Cochran. CONSULATE AT TSINGTAO 83 Service School have been assigned as follows: Diplomatic Secretary and Consul General Vice Consul Glenn A. Abbey, Johannesburg. Thomas M. Wilson sailed from New York on Vice Consul George M. Abbott, Calcutta. February 11 en route to the inspection district Vice Consul James C. King, Caracas. of Eastern Europe, where he will inspect both Vice Consul Gerald A. Drew, Para. diplomatic missions and consular offices. Mr. Vice Consul Terry S. Hinkle, Singapore. Wilson will go first to Berlin, where he plans to Vice Consul Perry N. Jester, Hongkong. spend at least one month. Vice Consul Gerald Keith, Seville. Consul General James B. Stewart, Kingston, Vice Consul J. Randolph Robinson, Calcutta. Jamaica. Vice Consul Alan S. Rogers, Bombay. Consul General Samuel T. Lee, on leave in Vice Consul W. Quincy Stanton, Durban. New York City. Vice Consul Roger Sumner, Buenos Aires. Vice Consul John T. Wainwright, Sao Paulo. Commencing on January 1, 1928, Mr. W. Ford Vice Consul Paul C. Daniels, Valparaiso. Cramer assumed his duties as Disbursing Officer Vice Consul Frances E. Willis, Valparaiso. of the Department, relieving Mr. William Mc- Neir from this duty in order that Mr. McNeir Mr. Roberto F. Sevan, Malaga, Spain, and Bal¬ may devote all of his time as Chief of the Bureau timore, Md., was a recent visitor to the Depart¬ of Accounts. ment, where he conferred with a number of its officials. Mr. Bevan has been in the export busi¬ Vice Consul Russell H. Rhodes, who has served ness at Malaga for over 50 years, and during this at London, England, since 1919, has resigned in period has had associated with him a number of order that he might be near his mother, who is well-known consular officers, including Consul in ill health. Mr. Rhodes (“Dusty”) during most General Edward J. Norton and former Consul of his stay in London was in charge of the no¬ Harry A. MacBride. tarial work of the Consulate General, and en¬ joyed a wide acquaintance among the legal pro¬ Foreign Service Inspectors were last heard fession of that city. from at the following places: Correspondents of the JOURNAL are reminded that the 15th of the month is the latest date on which items should be received in order that they may appear in the issue of the succeeding month.

Consul Ralph C. Busser, Cardiff, de¬ livered a very interesting address before the Cardiff Rotary Club on “Industrial Ownership” in the United States. Consul Busser’s address was printed in full in the South Wales Journal of Commerce, as well as receiving a two-column edi¬ torial.

The Department has announced the appointment of Dr. Stanley K. Hornbeck as Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs, who will assume the duties of his office on February 15, 1928. Dr. Hornbeck was a Far Eastern expert on the American Paris Peace Conference and Washington Arms Con¬ ference Commissions. He was also a member of the Institute of Pacific Re- S1AFF AI 1 SING 1 AO lations in 1925 and 1927, and a tech- Standing: Consul W. Roderick Dorsey, Hiram E. Newbill, nical adviser to the American delegation Lu Sheng Yang, T. Yamamoto, Liu Wen Tu. Seated: to the special conference on Chinese Tsao Cheng, Ho Yu Nien, Lo Po customs at Peking in 1926. 84 Although born in Illinois, Dr. Hornbeck later MILITARY ATTACHES resided in Colorado, and was the first Rhodes scholar to be appointed from that state. Since Maj. Alfred W. Bloor was relieved December the completion of his university studies he trav¬ 1, 1927, at his own request, as Military Attache eled extensively in Europe and the Far East. to Central America, and Maj. Fred T. Cruse was At the present time he is a lecturer on history detailed to succeed him. Major Cruse arrived in of the Far East at Harvard University. Tegucigalpa January 31, 1928, for a brief period of temporary duty, following which he will spend a short time in Managua before proceeding to his permanent station at San Jose. Mrs. Mary R. Landon, of Ponca City, Okla., sister of Consul W. E. Chapman, Monterrey, spent the Christmas holidays with her brother Maj. James C. R. Schwenck has been detailed at his post. as Military Attache to Cuba, having reported for duty in Havana on January 12, 1928. A vacancy has existed there since June. The annual dinner of the Bradford, England, consular corps was held on January 19, 1928, with Mr. William L. Cooper, the American Com¬ Maj. Robert C. Richardson, Jr., will be re¬ mercial Attache at London, as the principal lieved as Military Attache to Italy about March 20, 1928, by Maj. James L. Collins. guest and speaker. An address on “The City and Trade of Bradford and District” was deliv¬ ered by Consul A. R. Thompson, who was elected Lieut. Col. Edward Davis reported for duty president of the corps. as Military Attache to Yugoslavia and Greece on December 22, 1927, relieving Lieut. Col. W. F. H. Godson, who is now on leave of absence Consul General Tracy Lay, Buenos Aires, has abroad. submitted his resignation, which has been ac¬ cepted. In its issue of February 18 the Washington Post carried the following Associated Press dispatch: “Buenos Aires, Feb. 17 (A.P.).—After 15 years of service, Tracy Lay, United States con¬ sul general here, has resigned from his post, and the Department of State, he announced today, has accepted his resignation. “Mr. Lay, who comes from Gadsden, Ala., ex¬ plained his resignation as due to his desire for freedom ‘to protest against our present Foreign Service adjustment.’ “Instead of a single, well-organized Foreign Service, he declared, the United States has two Foreign Services, controlled by two Government departments. The Consular Service, constituting the economic machinery of the Department of State, he contended, was being ‘squeezed out’ through absorption of its economic functions by the Foreign Service machinery of the Depart¬ ment of Commerce. “This, he added, places the Department of Commerce in control of ‘the substance of diplo¬ macy’ and leaves the Department of State with social representation only. The retiring consul CHARLES S. WINANS general expects to leave his post soon.” Retired January 25, 1928 85 Col. Alexander J. Macnab, Jr., reported for First Lieut. William K. McKittrick was re¬ duty as Military Attache to the American Em¬ lieved as a language officer in Japan early in De¬ bassy in Mexico on October 30, 1927. cember, 1927. Orders have been issued for the relief in May, 1928, of Capt. Harry I. T. Cres- On account of the ill health of Maj. Walter F. well as a language officer in Japan. The va¬ Winton he has been relieved as Military Attache cancies thus created will be filled in July by Capt. to Peru and Bolivia. Allender Swift and First Lieut. John Weckerling.

Maj. Edward F. Witsell has been relieved as Orders have been issued for the relief as lan¬ Assistant Military Attache to Japan and ordered guage officers in China of Capt. Thomas J. Betts, to return to the United States in July, 1928, in Capt. John P. Ratay, and First Lieut. David D. order to attend the Army War College. Barrett. These officers will be replaced in July, 1928, by Capt. William Mayer, First Lieut. Harry S. Aldrich and First Lieut. Willard G. Wyman. Maj. George E. A. Reinburg, Assistant Mili¬ tary Attache for Air at Berlin, has been detailed also as Assistant Military Attache for Air to FROM BERLIN Czechoslovakia, Austria, Holland, Switzerland, The Ambassador, Mrs. Jacob Gould Schur- Denmark and Sweden. man and Miss Schurman returned from the United States, where they had spent the holidays, reaching Berlin on January 14. Their first re¬ ception was held on the following Monday, when the spacious rooms of the Embassy, lavishly deco¬ rated with flowers, were filled with representa¬ tives of the Foreign Office, the various Embassies and Legations, as well as many leading Amer¬ icans. A banquet was given at the Hotel Kaiserhof by the American Chamber of Commerce in Ger¬ many on the occasion of its twenty-fifth anni¬ versary, at which 300 persons were present. Among the guests were the Ambassador, Jacob Gould Schurman, who was the chief speaker of the evening, Counselor of Embassy De Witt C. Poole, Consul General Carlton Bailey Hurst, and the Commercial Attache, F. W. Allport. Follow¬ ing the pre-war custom, the Ambassador, the Commercial Attache, the Consul General in Ber¬ lin, and the Consul in Frankfort-on-the-Main have been tendered honorary membership in the organization, which they have accepted.

Mrs. De Witt C. Poole, wife of the Counselor of the Embassy, has left Berlin for a few weeks’ stay on the Riviera.

Vice Consul and Mrs. Thomas F. Sherman have returned from a two weeks’ trip to Switzer¬ land, where they enjoyed the winter sports. Silver plate presented to Miss J enny-Lynn Franklin by the commanding officer and ward The American Club of Berlin entertained the room officers of the U. S. S. Henderson. “Miss" recently appointed German Ambassador to the Franklin was born on board on November 4,1927, United States, Dr. Friedrich von Prittwitz und while Consul and Mrs. Franklin were en route Gaffron, at a luncheon which was given at the to the United States Hotel Bristol. Representatives of the German 86 Foreign Office, Counsellor of Embassy, DeWitt C. than filled the station platform and included high Poole, and American Consul General, C. B. officials of the French Government as well as the Hurst, were among many who availed themselves staffs of the Embassy and Consulate General in of this opportunity to wish the distinguished guest Paris. The members of the American Club in a happy sojourn in our country. Paris by a previous arrangement were also wait¬ ing at the Embassy to greet the Ambassador upon Consul and Mrs. Egmont C. von Tresckow his arrival there. invited a number of the members of the staff of the Consulate General to spend Christmas eve¬ Returning to France by the same boat as Am¬ ning with them in their attractive apartment. A bassador Herrick were also Mr. G. Harlan Miller, beautiful Christmas tree and a bountiful buffet Second Secretary of the Embassy in Paris, and supper contributed to make the occasion one of Mrs. Miller. Mr. Miller is still convalescing from much pleasure. his operation and illness of last summer, but his condition is greatly improved. Capt. George Martin Baum, U. S. N., the new Naval Attache to the American Embassy in In Ambassador Herrick’s party was also Mr. Berlin, has arrived at his post, accompanied by- William W. Schott, formerly Consul at Naples, Mrs. Baum. who now joins the staff in Paris as Third Sec¬ retary of Embassy. Mr. Schott will act as Pri¬ FROM NOGALES vate Secretary to the Ambassador. Consul Herbert S. Bursley, of Guaymas, spent a part of his vacation in Nogales, Ariz., around Mr. Sheldon Whitehouse, Counselor of the Christmas time. Embassy in Paris, accompanied by Mrs. White- house and their three children, left to spend a Consul William P. Blocker, of Mazatlan, made leave of absence in the United States. a brief call between trains a few days ago, en route to California on Government business. He Mr. Christian Gross left Paris, after spending always carries a full budget of interesting news. a vacation in Europe, to return to his post as Secretary of Legation at Port au Prince, Haiti. Other consular officers who called recently were Vice Consul J. W. Ives, of Mazatlan, and Mr. Henry Coit MacLean, Commercial At¬ Vice Consul E. H. Mall, of Guadalajara. tache, who has been transferred from the Em¬ bassy at Rome to the Embassy in Paris, arrived During the month of December, Kenneth L. in Paris accompanied by Mrs. MacLean. Roberts and Frederick Simpich visited the con¬ sulate. Both were on a tour of investigation Mr. Raymond C. Miller, Assistant Commercial gathering material for articles to appear in the Attache in Paris, has been transferred to Brussels journals for which they respectively write. Sim¬ as Commercial Attache. pich was Consul here 12 years ago, during the time of revolutions. Miss Louise Harris, who for nearly eight years had been in charge of the file room of the Paris Consulate General, sailed for the United States PARIS on the S. S. De Grasse on January 11, 1928, her Myron T. Herrick, Ambassador to France, re¬ intention being to resign from the Service at the turned to Paris, arriving at Havre on the S. S. expiration of the leave of absence to which she Paris on January 20. Mr. Herrick was accom¬ is entitled. A few days prior to her departure, panied by his son and daughter-in-law, Mr. and on January 6, a meeting of the staff was called Mrs. Parmely Herrick. Mr. Herrick was given in the office of the Consul General, at which Mr. a brief reception at the Hotel de Ville. He was Gaulin expressed appreciation of the excellent met by Mr. Sheldon Whitehouse, Counselor of services rendered by Miss Harris, and presented the Embassy in Paris, and by Mr. Lester May¬ her with a pair of silver Louis XVI candlesticks nard, American Consul at Havre. and a table center mirror as tokens of esteem Upon his arrival at St. Lazare Station in Paris, from her colleagues in the Paris Consulate the Ambassador was met by a crowd which more General. 87 The American colony at Lille held its third Miss Giannini sang three groups of songs: annual banquet on New Year’s eve. A limit of I 80 persons had been set, but this maximum was Ah Spietato Handel exceeded by six 10 days before the banquet. Stornellatrice Respighi Vissi d’Arte from “Tosca” Puccini DEPARTMENT OF STATE II My Mother Philip Marsden CLUB When I Love You Martin Cole Miss Dusolina Giannini was the soloist at the Hills Frank La Farge function held by the Department of State Club III on Friday evening. February 3, 1928, in the Cham¬ Zompa llari, llira V. Giannini ber of Commerce ballroom, and she sang to one Estrellita Frank La Farge of the largest and most appreciative audiences the Tarantella Luciana Italian folk song club has ever assembled. (Arranged by V. Giannini) Prior to Miss Giannini’s appearance on the There were calls and recalls, to which Miss stage, Mr. Wilbur J. Carr, Assistant Secretary Giannini responded smilingly, and the sustained of State, addressed the club, saying: enthusiasm of the audience compelled her to add “It is unnecesasry for me to introduce the artist “Annie Laurie,” “Tomorrow,” “In Mezzo al Mar” of the evening to this audience, but I wish to say and “O Sole Mio” as encore numbers. a few words to express our gratitude for her kind¬ ness to the Department of State Club. Our function this evening marks Miss Giannini’s third DEPARTMENT OF COM¬ appearance before the club. She has been more than generous in contributing to our pleasure, MERCE CHANGES and the functions at which she has appeared have Mr. Donald Renshaw, head of the Singapore always been our most successful and enjoyable office, has been designated Commercial Attache ones. Notwithstanding her many engagements to the American Legation at Bangkok, Siam. and the many claims upon her, she has come to us tonight all the way from New York with, I fear, Automotive Trade Commissioner E. G. Sabine considerable inconvenience to herself. is now also in charge of the Bombay office. “Miss Giannini has again brought her accom¬ plished accompanist, Miss Bernstein, and Mr. Mayer, who is an especially welcome guest of the Mr. R. C. Miller, formerly an Assistant Com¬ club this evening. I am not sure whether the mercial Attache in the Paris office, is succeeding club has a roll of honorary members, but if it Commercial Attache M. M. Mitchell as head of has none I feel that we should begin one and elect the Brussels office. Mr. Miller has been desig¬ as honorary members Miss Giannini, Miss Bern¬ nated Commercial Attache to the American Lega¬ stein, Mr. Mayer, and Mr. Levitzki as evidence tion at Brussels and also at Luxemburg. of our appreciation of their interest in our unique departmental organization. Trade Commissioner C. B. Spofford, who is in “There is not much for me to say with refer¬ charge of the Calcutta office, was married in Bom¬ ence to Miss Giannini’s career. You are all aware bay on December 12, 1927, to Miss Ila Bassett of her reputation as one of our greatest vocal Allan, of South Bend, Ind. artists. However, I should tell you that in 1925 Miss Giannini made a tour of Europe and there Mr. Don C. Bliss, formerly of the Alexandria achieved a remarkable dual success both in con¬ office and since October Assistant Chief of the cert and in opera, a rare accomplishment for an Foreign Service Division, has been appointed a American singer. Trade Commissioner to promote the sale of Amer¬ “With this brief expression of gratitude and ican foodstuffs in the Far East with headquarters appreciation, it gives me unusual pleasure to invite at Singapore. Mr. Bliss was married in New Miss Giannini to the stage to receive from you York City on February 1 to Miss Dorothy Hay¬ the welcome which I know the club has in store ward. Mr. Bliss and his bride will sail from for its favorite artist.” Seattle on February 27. 88 Mr. James E. Wallis, Jr., has been appointed MARRIAGES a Trade Commissioner to Berlin and will sail for his post February 29 on the S. S. George Wash¬ Consul General and Mrs. Frank P. Lockhart ington. announce the marriage of their daughter, Maurine, to Lieut. Robert Emmet Cofer, Jr., United States Navy, at Hankow, China, on December 12, 1927. Assistant Trade Commissioner F. E. Sullivan, of Johannesburg, Trade Commissioner W. T. Daugherty, of Berlin, and Assistant Commercial Miss Esther Dorothy Hope and Vice Consul Attache 13. J. Reagan, of Paris, have recently James Edwin Callahan were married on Novem¬ returned to the United States. ber 24, 1927, at London. England. Vice Consul Callahan is assigned to the Consulate General at London. BIRTHS Mrs. Violet Eva Beresford and Consul John A daughter, Jenny Lynn, born at sea on the Corrigan, Jr., were married at Smyrna, Turkey, U. S. S. Henderson en route from Hongkong on December 7, 1927. to San Francisco, to Consul and Mrs. Lynn W. Franklin. Miss Natalie Speshneff and Mr. Pryor Ledger- wood were married on December 27, 1927, at A son, John Duer, was horn at Peking, China, Peking, China. Mr. Ledgerwood is clerk in the on December 8, 1927, to Diplomatic Secretary American Legation at Peking. and Mrs. Ferdinand Lathrop Mayer.

A son was horn at Bogota, Colombia, on De¬ NECROLOGY cember 31, 1927, to Diplomatic Secretary and There died at St. John, New Brunswick, on Mrs. H. Freeman Matthews. December 19, 1927, Mrs. Nancy Robinson Warner, age 86, widow of Gen. Darius B. Warner, A daughter, Charlotte Virginia, was born at formerly Consul at St. John for a period of 22 Washington, D. C., on January 8, 1928, to Dip¬ years. lomatic Secretary and Mrs. Williamson Smith Howell. FROM SINGAPORE A son, Gustave 3d, was born on December 18, Minister Harold O. Mackenzie entertained the 1927, at Berlin, Germany, to Diplomatic Secre¬ Bangkok American colony at dinner on Decem¬ tary and Mrs. Gustave Pabst, Jr. ber 14. Every member of the colony who could attend was present. Music was rendered by the Phya Thai Orchestra and the dinner was fol¬ A daughter, Patricia Joyce, was born at Bel¬ lowed by a cinema entertainment. grade on January 18, 1928, to Consul and Mrs. Stewart E. McMillin. Consul Robert Y. Jarvis spent a few days at Singapore during the middle of December while en route from Shanghai to his new post at ENGAGEMENTS Calcutta. At a dinner given at Sophia Fowler Hall, Gallaudet College, Washington, D. C., February Mr. L. PL Hoile, clerk in the legation at Stock¬ 2, 1928, Mrs. Thomas H. Coleman, of South holm, has requested the good offices of the Carolina, announced the engagement of her JOURNAL to send greetings to all his former daughter, Miss Grace Decker Coleman, to Mr. associates and colleagues and to all the other Nelson R. Park, American Consul at Ceiba, Hon¬ good friends he made during the 25 years of duras. Miss Coleman is dean of women at his service. Gallaudet, as well as instructor of oral training He was appointed clerk in the Embassy at to the normal class. No date has been set for the Berlin on January 20, 1903, by Mr. Charlemagne marriage. Tower, and served there successively under him, 89 Dr. David Jayne Hill, Mr. Leishman and Mr. Whenever Dona Beatriz Dias, a clerk in the Gerard, until February, 1917, when, upon the consulate general at Lisbon, goes on a holiday United States entry into the war, he was trans¬ outside of Portugal, she visits all possible Amer¬ ferred to Stockholm, where he served under Mr. ican consulates on her itinerary to pick up new Ira N. Morris until January, 1920. He was then and helpful ideas. She is in charge of the cor¬ retransferred to Berlin and did duty under two respondence file, indexing and binding at Lisbon further chiefs, Mr. Dresel, commissioner, and and has improved her work a number of times Ambassador Houghton. In 1924 he was again through observation of methods followed at other offices, and has given helpful hints to some of the sent to Stockholm, where Mr. Robert Woods Bliss offices she has visited. Last summer she visited was then Minister but who has since been re¬ in this way the office at Marseille and many offices placed by Mr. Leland Harrison. in Italy. He has therefore seen service under nine dif¬ ferent chiefs, and the partings from each have always been a wrench, he states. And these are Former Consul William L. Jenkins informs his sentiments also regarding the great majority the JOURNAL that he is now engaged in business of his associates and colleagues of the last 25 with the Whiting-Patterson Co., Inc., New York, years. He declares they have helped and suc¬ manufacturers, importers and exporters of paper ceeded in making his official life—and incidentally products. his private life, too—a very happy one.

Recent fantastic and curious addresses on en¬ CONSUL GENERAL RAVN- velopes sent to consulates show the following: DAL’S ANNIVERSARY “For His Majesty, Consulate of Tabriz.” On January 22 Consul General Gabriel Bie “The American Consul Service Company,- Ravndal celebrated, at Zurich, Switzerland, the Glasgow.” thirtieth anniversary of his service as a consular “To the Appropriate American Consulate, officer of the United States. A reception in his Glasgow.” honor, held in the afternoon of that day by Vice Consul and Mrs. George Alexander Armstrong, “The His Britannic Majesty, The American was attended by about 150 guests, including the Consul, Glasgow.” American diplomatic and consular representatives in Switzerland and the leading Swiss Government officials. In the evening Consul General and Mrs. Former Consul Henry D. Baker, now editor of Ravndal entertained at dinner at the Hotel Dolder a financial paper in Minneapolis, recently talked on the Zurichberg, overlooking the city, the Amer¬ on the work of a Consul before the Lions’ Club ican representatives in Switzerland. The guests in that city. present were the American Minister to Switzer¬ land and Mrs. Wilson, Mr. and Mrs. Jay P. Moffatt, Mr. Leon H. Ellis, and Commercial By error in the last January number of the Attache Dr. Chas. E. Lyon, of the Legation at JOURNAL both Foreign Service Inspectors James Berne; Consul Calvin M. Hitch and Vice Consul B. Stewart and Thomas M. Wilson were placed Albert W. Scott, of the consulate at Basel; S. at Kingston, Ontario. Mr. Stewart was at that Pinckney Tuck and Gilson G. Blake, of the con¬ time last heard from at Kingston, Jamaica. sulate at Geneva; Consul Donald R. Heath, of Berne; Vice Consul Frederick W. Baldwin, of Lausanne; Vice Consul and Mrs. Geo. R. Hukill, Consul Ralph C. Busser recently addressed the of Lucerne; Vice Consul and Mrs. George Alex¬ Cardiff Rotary Club on “Industrial Ownership ander Armstrong and Vice Consul and Mrs. in America.” Cavendish W. Cannon, of Zurich. A handsome silver dish, appropriately engraved, was presented to Consul General Ravndal by A volume, “Consular Requirements,” has re¬ Consul Hitch on behalf of his colleagues in cently been published in London by the Corpora¬ Switzerland. tion of Lloyd (Lloyd’s). 90 FOREIGN SERVICE LeRoy F. Beers, resigned as Vice Consul at San Salvador. CHANGES Earl W. Eaton, Vice Consul at Manzanillo, The following appointments, transfers, pro¬ Mexico, assigned as Vice Consul (non-career) at motions, retirements under the Foreign Service Ensenada, Mexico. Reorganization Act and resignations have oc¬ Robert McC. English, a clerk at Algiers, curred in the American Foreign Service since Algeria, appointed a Vice Consul (non-career) January 12, 1928: there. F. Lammot Belin, transferred from First Secre¬ Ralph C. Goldsberry, resigned as Vice Consul tary of Embassy at Constantinople to First Secre¬ (non-career) at Ensenada, Mexico. tary of Embassy at London. Fred E. Huhlein, Vice Consul at Porto Alegre, Louis H. Gourley, now in the Department, de¬ Brazil, assigned as Vice Consul (non-career) at tailed as Consul to Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro. Durward Grinstead, Third Secretary in the Le¬ Sylvester M. Lambert, appointed Honorary gation at Warsaw, assigned as a Vice Consul to Vice Consul at Suva, Fiji Islands. Hamburg. Stanley L. Wilkinson, Vice Consul at San Jose, Myron A. Hofer, First Secretary of Embassy appointed a Diplomatic clerk and transferred to at Santiago, Chile, detailed to the Department. San Salvador. Williamson S. Howell, Jr., Foreign Service Stanley L. Wilkinson, detailed as Diplomatic Officer now detailed to the Department, assigned clerk at San Salvador, appointed Vice Consul and as First Secretary of Embassy at Mexico City. assigned to the Consulate at San Salvador. Odin G. Loren, Vice Consul (non-career) at Edmonton, Canada, confirmed by the Senate as a Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified, $2,500, and as Vice Consul of Career, assigned to Edmonton. APPOINTMENTS Karl de G. MacVitty, Consul at Stockholm, Howard F. Diehl, confirmed by the Senate as assigned as Consul to Leghorn, Italy. a Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified, $2,500, John McArdle, Vice Consul at Mexico City, and as Vice Consul of Career, assigned to the De¬ assigned as Vice Consul to Monterrey, Mexico. partment for duty in the Foreign Service School. Charles K. Morris, confirmed by the Senate as Richard C. Dutrow, confirmed by the Senate as a Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified, $2,500, a Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified. $2,500, and as a Vice Consul of Career. He declined the and as Vice Consul of Career, assigned to the De¬ appointment. partment for duty in the Foreign Service School. Mahlon Fay Perkins, to be a Diplomatic Secre¬ George M. Graves, confirmed by the Senate as tary. a Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified, $2,500, Harold Playter, Consul at Seville, Spain, and as Vice Consul of Career, assigned to the De¬ assigned as Consul to Lille, France. partment for duty in the Foreign Service School. William W. Schott, formerly a Consul at Randolph Harrison, Jr., confirmed by the Sen¬ Naples, confirmed as a Diplomatic Secretary and ate as a Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified, assigned to the Embassy at Paris. $2,500, and Vice Consul of Career, assigned to the Paul C. Squire, Consul at Lille, France, Department for duty in the Foreign Service assigned as Consul to Kingston, Ontario. School. William H. Taylor, Second Secretary of Em¬ Comer Howell, confirmed by the Senate as a bassy at London, assigned as Second Secretary Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified, $2,500, and of Embassy at Constantinople. as Vice Consul of Career, assigned to the Depart¬ McCeney Werlick, to be a Diplomatic Secre¬ ment for duty in the Foreign Service School. tary. James S. Moose, Jr., confirmed by the Senate Non-Career as a Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified, $2,500, Raymond E. Ahearn, Vice Consul at Charlotte¬ and as Vice Consul of Career, assigned to the De¬ town, appointed Vice Consul at Buenos Aires. partment for duty in the Foreign Service School. 91 FROM A MOVIE FAN Prentiss B. Gilbert, Assistant Chief, Division of Western European Affairs. As the civilization advances the every day life “Importation of Food and Drug Products,” Dr. of human-being becomes more complicated in A. E. Taylor, in charge of Import Supervision, mentally as well as physically threats and fears Food, Drug and Insecticide Administration. increase day by day, ceaseless afflictions disturb “Intergovernmental Debts,” Dr. A. N. Young. their nurves without knowing the causes. In Written examination: “Documentation of Mer¬ order to escape or rather to forget their agony chandise.” and distress, endeavor to find the places of rest “The Rise of Nationalism in the Far East,” in every possible direction,—some for drinks, Mr. Nelson T. Johnson, Assistant Secretary of some indulges for vulgar amusements to dope State. themselves to be in the state of convulsiveness “Immigration Legislation and Policy,” Mr. and contending with such as the best remedy and George L. Brandt, Chief of the Visa Office. conforts. “Cooperation of Foreign Service Officers With The amusement is concerned not necessary for the Shipping Board in Developing the Merchant a so simple solace or recuparation,—it is neces¬ Marine,” Admiral W. S. Benson, United States sary, in the sense, to heal the tiredness of to-day Shipping Board. in order to get a fresh vigor for tomorrow’s “The Rise of Nationalism in the Far East,” works. We simply say an amusement, but there Mr. Nelson T. Johnson. are varieties, their originations too far and apart, “Functions of the Department of Labor,” Mr. some have a long history, some are just for tem¬ R. C. White, Assistant Secretary of Labor. porarily, some are out of existance. When we “Christian Mission Activities in the Far East,” consider its origins, its rise and fall, what a deli¬ Mr. Tyler Dennett, Chief of the Division of Pub¬ cate relation exists between era and human hearts lications. or between the nature and civilization it will be “Exclusions and Deportations,” Mr. W. W. a deeply interesting study. Husband, Second Assistant Secretary of Labor. Written examination: “Shipping and Seamen.” The following is the list of lectures and exami¬ “Foreign Loans,” Dr. A. N. Young, Economic Adviser. nations given in the Foreign Service School in “Our Present Relations With Canada,” Mr. January and up to February 11: Jack D. Hickerson, Division of Western Euro¬ “The Bolshevik Regime, Internal Aspects,” Mr. pean Affairs. Robert F. Kelley, Chief, Division of Eastern “Chambers of Commerce,” by Mr. Chauncey European Affairs. D. Snow, Assistant to the President. “Plant Quarantine,” Dr. C. L. Marlatt, chair¬ “American Policy With Respect to Interna¬ man, Federal Horticultural Board. tional Electrical Communications,” Mr. William Written examination: “Notarial Services and R. Vallance, Assistant Solicitor. Estates.” “Our Present Relations With Spain,” Mr. “The Bolshevik Regime, International Aspects,” Henry Carter, Division of Western European Mr. Robert F. Kelley. Affairs. “Customs Valuation of Merchandise,” Mr. “Economic Conference at Geneva,” Dr. A. N. Harry F. Worley, Customs Attache at Large. Young. “Customs Administration and Appraisement,” “The Philippine Islands,” Mr. Nicholas Roose¬ Mr. A. K. Thomas, Chief Assistant Appraiser, velt, Associate Editor, New York Times. Port of New York. Written examination: “Immigration and Visa “Communist Activities in the United States,” Work.” Mr. Preston Kumler, Division of Eastern Euro¬ “Prohibition Enforcement and the Liquor pean Affairs. Treaties,” Mr. William R. Vallance, Assistant “Animal Quarantine,” Dr. G. W. Pope, Assist¬ Solicitor. ant Chief, Field Inspection Division, Bureau of “Federal Reserve System,” Mr. Winfield Animal Industry. Riefler, Division of Research and Statistics, Fed¬ “Reparation Problem and Dawes Plan,” Dr. eral Reserve Board. A. N. Young, Economic Adviser. “Problem of Reorganizing the Administrative “Policy of the United States towards the Soviet Branch of National Government,” Dr. W. F. Regime,” Mr. Robert F. Kelley. Willoughby, Director, Institute for Government “British Empire — Political Aspects,” Mr. Research. 92 “Prohibition Enforcement and the Liquor Treaties,” Mr. Vallance. “Foreign Banking Systems,” Mr. Riefler. FOR MORE THAN TWENTY YEARS “Public Health Service and Quarantine,” Dr. Photographers to the F. A. Carmelia, Assistant Surgeon General, Diplomatic Corps and the United States Public Health Service. Consular Service “Problems of the American Shipowner,” Mr. Harry C. Hawkins, Office of the Economic Ad¬ HARRIS & EWING viser. THE HOME OF “NATIONAL NOTABLES” Written examination: “Economic and Commer¬ 1313 F Street N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. cial Work.” Phone Main 8700 “Commercial Policy,” Dr. Wallace M. McClure, Office of the Economic Adviser. “Post-War Developments in the Arab Lands,” Mr. George Wadsworth, Division of Near East¬ “The Budget,” Gen. Herbert M. Lord, Director ern Affairs. of the Bureau of the Budget. “Recent Political Developments in Persia,” Mr. “Financial Administration of the United States Wallace S. Murray, Division of Near Eastern Government,” Hon. Ogden L. Mills, Undersecre¬ Affairs. tary of the Treasury. “Mexico,” Mr. Lane. “Mexico,” Mr. Arthur Bliss Lane, Chief of the Written examination: “Citizenship and Pass¬ Division of Mexican Affairs. ports.”

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OFFICES AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

ARGENTINA Electric Company, DUTCH EAST INDIES HOLLAND NEW ZEALAND General Electrir, S. A.. Inc.. New Orleans. International General Mijnsara Ik Co.. Am¬ National Electrical & Buenos Aires. Cor¬ La.. U.S.A Electric Co., Inc., sterdam Engineering Co.. Ltd Soerabaia, Java doba; Rosario de CHILE INDIA Wellington. Auckland. SOUTH AFRICA Santa Fe. Tucuman International Machin¬ ECUADOR International General South African General ery Co.. Santiago: Guayaquil Agencies Co., Electric Co., Bom¬ Electric Co.. Ltd., AUSTRALIA Antofagasta: Valpa- Guayaquil Australian General Elec¬ bay; Calcutta PARAGUAY Johannesburg. Trans¬ tric Co.. Ltd.. Syd¬ EGYPT General Electric. S. A., vaal: Capetown Nitrate Agencies, Ltd., British Tbomson-Hous- ITALY AND COLONIES ney: Melbourne; Bris¬ Iquiquc Buenos Aires, Argen- bane; Adelaide ton Co., Ltd., Cairo Compagnia Gcnerale di SPAIN AND COLONIES CHINA FRANCE AND COLO¬ Blettricitd. Milan (24 i Sociedad Iberica de Con- BELGIUM AND Andersen. Meyer & Co.. NIES strucciones Electricas, COLONIES Ltd.. Shanghai Cotnpagnie Francaiae JAPAN W^ R Grace & Co., Madrid. Barcelona; Societe d'Electricitt et Chkta General Edison Thom son-Houston, International General de Mecanique, S. A., Co., Shanghai Paris <8roei Electric Co., Inc., Brusaels PHILIPPINE ISLANDS COLOMBIA GREAT BRITAIN AND Tokyo; Osaka Pacific Commercial Co., BOLIVIA International General IRELAND Shibnura Engineering International Machinery Elei S A . British Thonison-Hous- Works, Tokyo Co., Oruro i; Bogota: ton Co., Ltd., Rugby, Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. PORTO RICO URUGUAY BRAZIL England International General General Electric. S A., MEXICO Electric Co., Inc.. San Montevideo General Electric. S. A.. CUBA GREECE AND COLO¬ General Electric. S. A., Rio de Janeiro; Sao General Electric Com¬ NIES Mexico City; Guada¬ Paulo pany of Cuba. Ha¬ Compagnie Francaiae lajara; Vera Cruz: PORTUGAL AND CENTRAL AMERICA vana. Santiago de Thom ion - Houston, Monterrey; Tampico: COLONIES International General Cuba Paris i*me', France El Paso. Texas Sociedade Ibirica de

93 FOREIGN TRADE LEADERS IN THE NATION’S CAPITAL TO MEET IN HOUSTON

GUDE’S FLOWERS From O. K. DAVIS, Secretary, National Foreign OF COURSE! Trade Council The steady growth of the foreign trade of the Glide—Florist United States in the last decade is a gratifying 1212 F St. N. W. 1102 Conn. Ave. N. W. evidence of the success which American producers and traders have secured through study of the WASHINGTON, D. C. many phases of international commerce. It is as TELEPHONE MAIN 4278 essential to be successful in merchandising as it

Flowers via Telegraph—Anywhere—Any Time is to be skillful in production. In 1927 the volume of our foreign trade, amounting to 113.500,000 tons, was the largest in EXCUSABLE MISTACKES our history. It comprised over 71,000.000 tons in exports and a little less than 42,500,000 tons in I am reading in the new-paper of to-day that imports. your Country, where I lived of four years, permit of the strangers to require his wife, I am in the The increase in our trade with Latin America condition to have in this days married myself and is particularly noteworthy. That trade, in im¬ having in my hands permission to can back in ports and exports, now amounts to close to Your Country I demand if I can had permission $2,000,000,000 or almost one-quarter of our total to go with my wife or no. trade with the world. Its extension has been made Excused me if any mistackes I have made, I possible by a steadily rising standard of mer¬ have learn at yours Grammar School in the eve¬ chandising on the part of those engaged in it, and ning after my worck. its continued and permanent growth is assured. Each year brings its own circumstances, dis¬ closes new problems, sets new precedents. To give special attention and careful study to some of these questions the National Foreign Hotel Fafayette Trade Council will hold the Fifteenth National Foreign Trade Convention in Houston, Tex., on Corner 16th and Eye Streets, N. W. Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, April 25-26-27, 1928. JAMES A. FARRELL, Chairman.

PROMOTIONS Class III to Class II Addison E. Southard. Class IV to Class III John K. Davis.

Only three minutes from the State, War and Navy Departments, the White COMMERCIAL House, and all Clubs, and is the A total of 2,197 reports, of which 1.022 were center of all that is worth rated miscellaneous, was received during the while month of January, 1928, as compared with 1,796 SPECIAL RATES reports, of which 820 were rated miscellaneous, during the month of December, 1927. TO THE DIPLOMATIC AND There were 442 trade lists transmitted to the CONSULAR SERVICE Department, for the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, during the month of Jan- 94 uary, 1928, as against 614 during the month of (b) an acknowledgment; and bring out the essen¬ December, 1927. tial differences, if any, between the two services. During the month of January, 1928, there were (3) Under what circumstances may a consular 3,445 Trade Letters transmitted to the Depart¬ officer perform a notarial sendee for an alien in ment as against 3,081 in December, 1927. connection with a document to be used in a coun¬ try other than the United States ? (4) An American citizen calls at a Consular NOTARIAL SERVICES AND Office and requests the Consul to draw up his will or, if this is impracticable, to advise him as- ESTATES to the preparation of the will. What assistance, Examination, Foreign Service School, 1928 advice or information may the Consul give? Important. Answer only eight of the following (5) What fee, if any, should a Consular Offi¬ questions. cer collect for the following services: (1) Schmitt, residing at Nuremberg, and Blum, (a) Acknowledgment of a power of attorney residing at Garmisch, are joint applicants for a for transfer of unregistered United States bonds. patent. Both places are in the Munich Consular (b) Oath to application for refund of income district. Schmitt addresses the Consulate at tax improperly paid to State of New York. Munich for information as to how they should (c) Oath to application for refund of customs proceed to have their application authenticated duties improperly collected at port of New York. and the fees to be paid. Without drafting a reply, (d) Oath of a Commercial Attache to his ex¬ outline the information which the Consulate pense account. should furnish. (e) Oath of an American Foreign Service (2) Describe in your own language the serv¬ Officer to claim for insurance on furniture dam¬ ices necessary to be performed by a Consular aged in shipment in connection with his transfer Officer in connection with (a) an affidavit and to his post.

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I 95 (6) What do you understand by a commission (10) State briefly the proper practice to be fol¬ to take testimony? By whom are such commis¬ lowed by Consular Officers in the following cases : sions issued, in what cases, and for what pur¬ (a) On receipt from an attorney in the United poses? Under what conditions may a Consular States of a process with the request that it he Officer execute such commissions? served. (7) An American citizen dies in your district (b) A request for an official translation of a leaving real estate situated in your district. What document, and its certification. may and ought you do in connection with the real estate ? (8) James Smith, an American citizen, dies in AMBASSADOR FLETCHER your Consular district, leaving the following per¬ sonal property of which you take charge: Regis¬ ADVISES tered United States bonds amounting to $1,000, Speech at the American Foreign Serznce Associa¬ $85 in cash, travelers checks amounting to $250, personal effects apprai sed in your inventory at tion Luchcon January 12, 1928 $200 and subsequently sold by you for $120. You MR. CARR: Gentlemen of the Association, it collect $300 owing to the estate and pay $150 is very gratifying that we should resume these owed by the estate. Relatives in the United luncheons again, which I am sure we all enjoy, States have sent you $800 to pay costs of trans¬ and I want to take advantage of this occasion to portation of body to the United States. Of this express on behalf of the members of the Asso¬ amount you have spent $650. Prepare final state¬ ciation a welcome to the new members of the ment of account, showing in detail your calcula¬ Service who are attending this luncheon for the tions and the amount of fee charged. first time. We are glad to have you in the Serv¬ (9) You have taken charge of the personal ice. We think it is by all odds the finest branch effects of an American citizen deceased in your of the entire public service, and one which will district and are ready to make final disposition. call upon your abilities and afford you oppor¬ State briefly your course of action in the follow¬ tunities for self-expression which we think no ing premises: other branch of the public service will afford. (a) Decedent left among his effects a will We wish you all manner of success in it. naming an executor residing in the United States. It is always interesting for members of the Service to learn something of the experiences (b) Decedent left no will and an administrator of older members of the Service. We are fortu¬ has been appointed in the United States. nate enough to have with us today a gentleman (c) Decedent left no will but his widow, resid¬ who has been in the Service many years, who, ing in the United States, has requested you to de¬ in fact, left the turbulent career of a Rough liver the estate to her. Rider and became a peaceful secretary of lega¬ (d) Decedent left no will and no relatives so tion. He has had some 25 years of experience far as you have been able to ascertain. in all parts of the world and has now reached

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97 the very high position of Ambassador to Italy. It gives me very great pleasure to introduce to you the Hon. Henry P. Fletcher, Ambassador of the United States to Italy. MR. FLETCHER: I appreciate very much the honor of being asked to lunch with you and per¬ haps to offer a bit of advice on this occasion. I think I would appreciate it a little more if I had not seen the notice which you all got stating that the price of the luncheon had been reduced from $1.75 to $1.25. Mr. Wadsworth said that they used to have a dollar’s worth of food and 75 "cents worth of talk. You are still going to get a dollar’s worth of food, and I will do the best I can for the quarter. You know I go back to the “pre-spat age" in diplomacy. I came into the Service when it was the fashion to go to work at a high desk in your shirt sleeves, not that that was the origin of shirt¬ sleeve diplomacy, but that was the fact, and I say this as it may encourage some of you younger men who think you ought to have a stenographer as soon as you are appointed a Vice Consul or In Office, Factory and Secretary of Legation. Also, to encourage some of you who may have been told that the Foreign School Service is a rich man’s preserve, I will say that In the commercial centers—in the I myself was a stenographer at 17, a court ste¬ nographer, and that at 21 I became a member of cities and far-off corners of the earth—in the bar; at 25 I joined Roosevelt’s Rough Riders the schools of every nation—in fact and was one of that exclusive society known as wherever human thoughts and deeds are the first man up San Juan Hill. Then I went recorded — there you will find the back into the Army and served as an officer in the Philippines. At 28, after having volunteered Underwood the standard of typewriter to go to the London Embassy, I was appointed efficiency. to the lowest form of animal life then known, Stenographers and typists realize that “Under¬ viz, Second Secretary of Legation, and went to wood” means fast and accurate typewriting— Cuba at $1,500 a year. I went down there ex¬ with less fatigue and better work. The execu¬ pecting to take an important, if not leading, part tive, too, appreciates the value of “Underwood” in the work of our legation, and I was told that work—clear, clean-cut letters down to the last my duty was to copy in longhand in big books carbon, and he knows that when a letter is everything the Minister wrote. Having had a “Underwood” typed it represents the company’s little success as a lawyer, and believing I had highest standard. passed the copying stage, I thought that was very A demonstration on the “Underwood” will undignified employment. I did that for one year, place you under no obligation. and if you could come to Havana with me I would UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER CO., INC. like to show you the fine penmanship on those 1413 New York Avenue N. W. records. I was then transferred as Second Sec¬ Washington, D. C. retary to China, and there I found the same thing was expected of me. I told my chief, Mr. Conger, Branches in all Principal Cities that there were such things as typewriters and carbon copies. I was told the Department would not accept these modern innovations, but I had UNDERWOOD enough of longhand copying, so after a great deal Speeds the Worlds Business of trouble and correspondence we kindly secured Mr. Carr’s consent to this great innovation. 98 EAUTIFUL, with a colourful, new, of ownership and awakes the envy modem beauty that other mo¬ of the passerby— tor cars can only strive to imitate — G[ The New Hupmobile Six —"the Q[ Powerful, with a great, sparkling Six of the Century”— with its per¬ power that wins it the instant free¬ fected High-Compression Engine and dom of the road — cable-regulated, four-wheel brakes, Q[ Distinctive, with the irresistible, is the latest triumph of a long, long smart touch that quickens the pride series of Hupmobile achievements.

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99 I was told by Mr. Wadsworth that he expected me to say something to you younger men who STANDARD OIL CO. OF NEW YORK have just entered the Service; to give you some 26 Broadway New York advice which might help you or encourage you. Well, I should say that the first thing you should do is don’t take any advice at all; but, if you should be willing to, I would say that the most important thing for a man going into the Service is to be loyal, loyal to his chief, loyal to the De¬ partment, and, above all, loyal to the Government. To my mind, a Foreign Service Officer, so far as his utterances are concerned, should believe that the Government of the United States is always right. You may think it would curry favor with your colleagues and other people by saying, “I am not sure that the Secretary of State is right The Mark of Quality on this,” or “My Government makes a mistake about this or that.” You get nowhere with it. You lose your own self-respect and the confidence and respect of your colleagues. In a lighter way, I might say that a very im¬ portant thing is to dress well—about as well as Socony Assistant Secretary Johnson here does. Also, I would suggest that you treat Congressmen with respect, not exaggerated respect or subserviency, but with the respect to which they are entitled as representatives of the American people. Indeed, Products I think you should treat all Americans, Congress¬ men and Senators, and everyone else as if you were trying to find a way to help them instead Illuminating Oils of trying to find a way not to do something. That is a pretty good rule to follow. You will have Lubricating Oils and Greases sometimes to deal with irate ladies and irate gentlemen, who will say that you don’t know Gasoline and Motor Spirits your job, and that they are going to Washington to get it away from you, and you will often wish Fuel Oil they might succeed. Also, I think the reading of American papers while abroad is very important. You won’t have much time to do it, because now Asphaltums, Binders and one has to read very assiduously the press of Road Oils the country he is in. In the old days diplomats followed the King wherever he went, because Paraffine Wax and Candles that was the court and there public opinion was formed, and there the foreign policies of that Lamps, Stoves and Heaters Government were formulated, and so it was that the diplomatic corps formed part of the court—• wherever the King went. But nowadays public opinion is enthroned, and the only way you can Branch Offices in the Principal Cities of keep in touch with it is by reading the press, Japan Philippine Islands Turkey and to do that conscientiously you don’t have China Straits Settlements Syria much time to read your own press, but it is never¬ Indo-China Netherlands India Bulgaria theless very important that you should do so. Siam South Africa Greece Another thing which is very instructive and use¬ India Australasia Jugoslavia ful to do, if you can, is to read the Congressional Record. An instance in point occurred at a post to which I was once assigned (it is not necessary 100 to mention the name of the post). It was per¬ four years more. His own party came in, and haps 25 or 30 years or so ago. The Minister he remained another four years. That shows the nearly always read the Congressional Record—it advantage of reading the Congressional Record. was not then a very busy post. So one fine day Some younger men feel that this Service of after four years’ service he got a telegram in¬ structing him to ask the consent of the Govern¬ ours is a holiday or a lark. Well, you can make ment to the appointment of Mr. So-and-so as it that occasionally, but as a rule it means a great Itis successor. This Mr. So-and-so had been a deal of sacrifice. Personally, 1 think that a young Senator or a Congressman, and in the course man going into the Service should not be in a of his service had made speeches highly deroga¬ hurry to get married. It makes a great difference tory to that country and to everybody connected to the Department in sending you to the various with it. So when the Minister went up to present posts. I don’t mean that this should be a priest¬ this to the Foreign Office he said, “I have been hood exactly. I remember when I was Under¬ instructed to ask for the agrement of Mr. So- secretary of State with Mr. Hughes several offi¬ and-so and am very happy to do it.” He gave cers said, on being asked about their assignments, the usual biographical information that always goes “My wife can’t go to such-and-such a post,” and with an instruction of that kind, and then said, I would have to say occasionally, “Why, my “I have also translated some of the speeches he dear fellow, you must remember the Department made when he was in Congress, which your Ex¬ did not marry your wife, and that you are in a cellency may wish to read.” And so it was found ‘Service.’ ” You ought to think of these things that the gentleman designated as his successor also when you make representations to the Per¬ was not acceptable and that Minister remained sonnel Board. I think perhaps you ought not

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101 to be too flattered when the Personnel Board says You see I did not know I was taken for a potter, your record is very fine, etc. I can illustrate and the President did not know who or what I this by an instance in my career. When I was was, so he turned to me and said, “Well, sir, out in China as First Secretary Mr. Taft pro¬ where are you from?” moted me to be Minister to Chile. I came to “I am from Santiago, Chile, sir,” I replied. Washington on my way to my new post and He didn’t know there were any potters in Chile, thanked him for the opportunity, and he was so he said, “How long have you been down there ?” polite and kind and said he was very glad to have a service man whom he could promote, etc. They “Two years.” didn’t call them “career” men in those days. I “I wonder if you know my friend, Mr. So- don’t think it is best to do so now, but that is and-so down there?” neither here nor there. I went to Chile and came “Oh, yes, I know him, and I don’t know any back two years later. There was a tremendous man who has criticized more harshly the policy row on in politics in 1912 and everybody was at of the United States in Chile.” sixes and sevens. I was told to come to the The President replied, “I am surprised to hear White House at 11.30. That day the President that; he was a classmate of mine and a very was receiving a delegation of potters and the Secretary to the President was very busy with decent fellow in college. By the way, what are politics and didn’t tell the President who I was. you doing down there?” It seems I was supposed to be a potter and after I replied, “I am your Minister.” these other fellows went through I followed He laughed until you could hear him out on along. The President looked at me and won¬ Pennsylvania Avenue and said, “I thought you dered what I was standing around there for. were a potter!”

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Friction— the unseen enemy of Production WHY ? Because big industrial ex¬ ecutives the world over recognize grade lubricating oils to mechanical the Vacuum Oil Company as the equipment in every country of the world. world’s foremost experts in lubrication. Because the aim of the Vacuum Oil Because all our recommendations Company is to benefit the industrial are based on more than 60 world by bringing about years experience in manufac¬ smoother and more efficient turing and in applying high- Lubricating Oils operation of machinery. A graJt for etch type of servia VACUUM OIL COMPANY 102 MR. CARR : I merely want to assure you that when any of you are appointed Ministers and I happen to be Budget Officer at that time I want Combine Pleasure With Profit to give you all subscriptions to the Congressional In Utilizing Spare Hours! Record. I am sure we all appreciate what Mr. Fletcher has said, and on your behalf 1 want to thank him for giving us such an interesting talk.

HOLY SHRINE (Continued from page 79) rusty or spotted with grease, with a coarse cord tied around the waist. High boots and a tall, black hat like a length of stovepipe complete the costume. Every three years they are given a huge fur coat, a cap and a pair of gloves. The monastery is reputed to be fabulously wealthy, for besides the rich resources of the island itself gifts have been brought there by the devout for nearly a thousand years. About a mile from the monastery, reached by a winding path through the deep woods, is the cabin of a hermit who lived for 40 years in a cell hardly large enough to lie down in. He built the cabin of logs, about 4 feet by 6, leaving a small hole through which he crawled. The opening was closed up after him, and his wants were attended to by his admirers. He refused to leave this living tomb during his lifetime, and when one of the czars visited the shrine he was obliged to cut through the wall to see the hermit, who would not come out at the imperial command. Photograph by Joseph F. Rock. The hermit has been dead for many years, but MINCHIA PORTERS OF YUNNAN his memory is still venerated. The little cabin has been sheltered by another structure built over it. Send In Your The hermit is buried near by in a rough wooden tomb. It is said that a splinter from this has Photographs And Articles miraculous healing powers! for example, to cure To you the native workmen about your post and a toothache one has only to chew on a bit of their curious methods of performing daily tasks the wood. may seem commonplace and uninteresting. But these same native workmen and native customs well may be of absorbing interest to hundreds of thousands of Americans and people of other nation¬ CURACAO THE QUAINT alities accustomed to a different civilization. (Continued from page 77) Pictures of such subjects, therefore, are are a number of excellent hospitals, their pa¬ eagerly sought by the National Geographic tients are mostly from the surrounding territory, Society. Readable descriptions, too, find a chiefly the Anopheles infested oil fields of Vene¬ profitable and ready market. zuela. Booklets detailing the pictures and articles de¬ The island is well policed by colored officers, sired, together with other information, are yours the service being under the supervision of a Neth¬ on request. Address, The Editor, erlands Army officer. However, their services are seldom necessary, as the island is extraordinarily National Geographic Magazine peaceful. There is also a conspicuous absence WASHINGTON, D. C. of firearms, even the police are not equipped 103 with pistols, and carry, as their only weapons, a RECREATION AND “NATIONAL SPORT” small ornamental “machete,” about one-third the While tennis is quite popular, one club alone size of those in vogue in Central America. having over 400 active members, and there are There are, however, very frequent and ex¬ at least a dozen excellent cement courts, and local tremely amusing “spats” among the negroes, who are believed to be the champion wranglers of the versions of basket and football are indulged in, universe. For sustained verbal combat—at times auction bridge is the Curacaoan “national sport,” they continue for hours—and less actual physical although this form (auction) is being gradually injuries inflicted, they eclipse any other people. discarded and “contract” substituted. It is be¬ Unless they come into too close contact with the lieved no exaggeration to state that, according frantic oratorical gestures of their opponents, no to total white population, there are more bridge bodily damage ever occurs, and as contestants players, men, women and children included, in always argue from a safe distance (a second-story Willemstad than in any other part of the world. window to the street, one “ponchi” (boat) to Games are in almost continual progress morning, another) there is little possibility of injury, other afternoon and evening at each of the three well- than that of bursting the respiratory organs. The appointed clubs of the city. habit of bickering has become so deeply rooted The island supports good roads, both within that it is no uncommon occurrence to find a soli¬ the city limits and suburban districts, especially tary individual carrying on a heated argument with those leading to a number of delightful bathing himself. Schools of gesture and cheer leaders beaches, and automobiles, of which there are might receive unique and valuable instruction hundreds, may be hired at rates surprisingly low from their antics. compared to those prevailing in the United States.

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104 The

CLAmerican Joreign Service

CLAssociation Honorary President FRANK B. KELLOGG Secretary of State

Honorary Vice-Presidents R. E. OLDS Under Secretary of State WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State W. R. CASTLE, JR Assistant Secretwry of State FRANCIS WHITE Assistant Secretary of State NELSON T. JOHNSON Assistant Secretary of State

EVAN E. YOUNG President HUGH R. WILSON Vice-President

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE JOHN K. CALDWELL. Chairman WALLACE S. MURRAY Vice-Chairman KEITH MERRILL ELBRIDGE D. RAND CHESTER W. MARTIN

BENJAMIN REATH RIGGS Secretary-Treasurer of the Association

JOURNAL STAFF FELIX COLE Editor WILLIAM W. HEARD Associate Editor MONNETT B. DAVIS Business Manager CHARLES BRIDGHAM HOSMER, Associate Business Manager FLETCHER WARREN Treasurer of Journal

The American Foreign Service Association is an un¬ official and voluntary association embracing most of the members of The Foreign Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Service, to strengthen service spirit and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service. Always Sell “C. I. F.” and Specify American Ships BY quoting prices on a basis of “c.i.f.” to give valuable advice to prospective rather than “f.o.b.” you are enabled to shippers. choose for the carriage of your cargoes American ships operated for the United Included in this fleet are the speedy pas¬ States Shipping Board, and thus in two senger ships of the United States Lines, ways give impetus to the expansion of your sailing from New York to principal Euro¬ export trade. pean ports. In addition to carrying pas¬ sengers, the United States Lines ships, led The United States Shipping Board by the famous Leviathan, provide an excep¬ Freight Services are constantly developing tional express freight service. and fostering new markets for American business—sailing regularly and frequently For complete information regarding and carrying their cargoes promptly and freight or passenger services consult safely to their destinations. Furthermore, “Schedule of Sailings,” a comprehensive they are under the direction of experienced publication issued by the Traffic Depart¬ American operators who are in a position ment, or write direct.

United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation Washington, D. C.

PRESS OF RANSDELL INCORPORATED, WASHINGTON, D. C.