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MORELAND THEMATIC HISTORY Prepared for Moreland City Council May 2010 Historica A.B.N

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MORELAND THEMATIC HISTORY Prepared for Moreland City Council May 2010 Historica A.B.N CITY OF MORELAND THEMATIC HISTORY Prepared for Moreland City Council May 2010 Historica A.B.N. 21 745 757 270 cultural heritage projects 57 Mooltan Street, Travancore, 3032 Victoria Tel: 03 9376 7496 E-mail: [email protected] This revised Thematic History has been prepared in accordance with the principles of the Burra Charter adopted by ICOMOS Australia. It was completed by Michele Summerton (c) Moreland City Council, Historica, Lovell Chen 2009 This publication is produced by Moreland City Council and is intended for information and communication purposes only. Although the publication may be of assistance to you Moreland City Council does not guarantee that it is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes. It and its employees do not accept any responsibility, and indeed expressly disclaim any liability, for any loss or damage, whether direct or consequential, suffered by any person as the result of or arising from reliance on any information contained in the publication. Image this page: City of Coburg Mayoral Ball, c.1925, with mayor and councillors in front row. Source: Reproduced courtesy of Museum Victoria. Images front cover: Source: Moreland City Libraries. CONTENTS Maps, Illustrations and Photographs .................................................................................................................................. 5 Statement of Significance ................................................................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 Background and Brief .........................................................................................................................................11 What is a Thematic History? ..............................................................................................................................11 Thematic History as a Continuing Process ....................................................................................................... 12 The City of Moreland ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Moreland’s Historical Themes: What Defines the Municipality? ........................................................................ 14 THEMES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17 1. Theme One: Shaping Moreland’s Environment ....................................................................................................... 17 1.1 Defining the Character of Moreland’s Natural Landscape ...................................................................... 17 1.2 Defining the Character of Moreland’s Cultural Landscape ..................................................................... 18 2. Theme Two: Peopling Moreland ................................................................................................................................ 20 2.1 Making Contact ....................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2 Acquiring the Land .................................................................................................................................. 22 2.3 Transplanting Working-class Values ....................................................................................................... 23 2.4 Creating a Multicultural Moreland ........................................................................................................... 24 3. Theme Three: Mapping Moreland .............................................................................................................................. 28 3.1 Surveying the Land and Planning the First Villages ............................................................................... 28 4. Theme Four: Linking Moreland: Roads and Transport Routes .............................................................................. 32 4.1 Forming Moreland’s Roads ..................................................................................................................... 32 4.2 Building Bridges ...................................................................................................................................... 37 4.3 Developing Public Transport Routes ....................................................................................................... 37 5. Theme FiveFarming the Land ................................................................................................................................... 44 5.1 Establishing Farming Estates ................................................................................................................. 44 5.2 Developing Smaller Farms ...................................................................................................................... 46 5.3 Farming in the Twentieth Century ........................................................................................................... 49 6. Theme Six: Building Moreland’s Houses .................................................................................................................. 51 6.1 Building the First Houses and Establishing Settlement Hubs ................................................................. 51 6.2 Building Houses in the 1850s and 1860s ................................................................................................ 54 6.3 Building During the Boom ...................................................................................................................... 58 6.4 Building Houses in the Twentieth Century .............................................................................................. 64 7. Theme Seven: Administering Moreland .................................................................................................................... 73 7.1 Establishing Local Government in Brunswick ......................................................................................... 73 7.2 Establishing Local Government in Coburg .............................................................................................. 76 7.3 Providing Essential Services: Water, Gas and Electricity ....................................................................... 78 7.4 Amalgamating the Councils .................................................................................................................... 81 7.5 Opening and Closing HM Prison Pentridge ............................................................................................ 81 8. Theme Eight: Building Moreland’s Industries and Workforce ................................................................................ 84 8.1 Brickmaking and Pottery Production ....................................................................................................... 84 8.2 Quarrying ................................................................................................................................................ 89 8.3 Expanding a Manufacturing Capacity ..................................................................................................... 90 8.4 Textile Manufacturing .............................................................................................................................. 91 8.5 Manufacturing in Coburg Between the Wars ......................................................................................... 93 8.6 Wartime and Post-war Manufacturing ..................................................................................................... 94 9. Theme Nine: Shopping and Retailing in Moreland ................................................................................................. 97 9.1 Establishing the First Shops ................................................................................................................... 97 9.2 Shopping on Sydney Road ..................................................................................................................... 98 9.3 Opening Culturally Diverse Shops ....................................................................................................... 102 10. Theme Ten: Sustaining Moreland’s Community and Cultural Life .................................................................. 104 10.2 Establishing Schools and Places of Learning ...................................................................................... 108 10.3 Caring for Moreland’s Community .........................................................................................................113 10.4 Participating in Community Activities .....................................................................................................115 10.5 Providing Hospitality: Moreland’s Hotels ...............................................................................................116 10.6 Joining Clubs and Pursuing Leisure Interests .......................................................................................118 10.7 Honouring and Commemorating ..........................................................................................................
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