BULLETIN OF THE Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society Volume Four SEPTEMBER 1932 Published by the Society at Abilene, Texas The Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society OFFICERS CYRUS N. RAY, President JULIUS OLSEN, Vice President RUSSELL STEPHENS, Secretary-Treasurer E. B. SAYLES, Corresponding Secretary DIRECTORS CYRUS N. RAY, D. O. W. C. HOLDEN, Ph. D. JULIUS OLSEN, Ph. D., Sc. D. OTTO O. WATTS, Ph. D. RUSSELL STEPHENS RUPERT R ICHARDSON E. B. SAYLES REGIONAL VICE PRESIDENTS GEORGE C. MARTIN, Rockport COL. M. L. CRIMMINS, El Paso H. T. FLETCHER, Alpine DR. J. E. PIERCE, Austin FLOYD V. S TUDER, Amarillo HONORARY MEMBERS DR. JOHN A. UDDEN, Austin* HAROLD J. COOK, Agate, Nebraska ALBERT G. I NGALLS, New York, N. Y. TRUSTEES C. A. HOWARD O. O. WATTS DR. STEWART COOPER W. R. ELY W. A. RINEY FRED COCKRELL ERNEST W. W ILSON EDITED BY: DR. CYRUS N. RAY * Deceased The editors acknowledge with thanks the cooperation of the ABILENE PRINTING & STATIONERY COMPANY in printing this Bulletin of the Society. BULLETIN of the Texas Archaeological and Paleontological Society TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CAVES ALONG THE SLOPES OF THE GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS, by E. B. HOWARD ........................................................................................................................ 7 PAINTED PEBBLES OF THE TEXAS BIG BEND, by GEORGE CASTOR MARTIN AND SAMUEL WOOLFORD .................................................................. 15 EXCAVATIONS AT TECOLOTE DURING THE SUMMER OF 1931, by DR. W. C. HOLDEN ............................................................................................................... 18 ARTIFACTS OF THE RIO GRANDE DELTA REGION, by A. E. ANDERSON ................................................................................................................... 21 THE AZTEC INFLUENCE ON THE PRIMITIVE CULTURE OF THE SOUTHWEST, by COL. M. L. CRIMMINS ........................................................................................................... 23 A SMALL RUIN IN NEW MEXICO, by EILEEN E. ALVES ................................................................................................................... 27 THE PRESENT STATUS OF T EXAS A RCHAEOLOGY, by DR. J. E. PEARCE .................................................................................................................. 30 THE RELATION OF THE SOUTHWESTERN BASKET MAKER TO THE DRY SHELTER CULTURE OF THE BIG BEND, by VICTOR J. SMITH ................................................................................................................... 37 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN CENTRAL WEST TEXAS, by DR. CYRUS N., RAY ............................................................................................................... 43 MUSEUM AND F IELD NOTES ..................................................................................................................... 48 SECRETARY-TREASURER’S REPORT ............................................................................................................ 53 LIST OF MEMBERS .................................................................................................................................. 54 Original Price $3.00 ABILENE, TEXAS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Plate 1. No. 1, Burnet Cave; No. 2, Round Mortar Holes Near Carlsbad, N. M. ....................... 8 Plate 2. No. 3, Basket Maker Twined Woven Bag Found in Cave............................................ 10 Plate 3. No. 4, Generalized Folsom Type Spear Point ............................................................ 11 Plate 4. Nos. 6 and 6, Shumla Cave Painted Pebbles; 7 and 8, European Paleolithic Painted Pebbles ........................................................... 16 Plate 5. No. 9, Potsherds From Tecolote Ruin; No. 10 Artifacts From Tecolote Ruin ............ 18 Plate 6. No. 11, Bone Artifacts From Tecolote Ruin; No.12, Flint Artifacts From Tecolote Ruin .................................................................. 19 Plate 7. Nos. 13, 14 and 16, Shell Beads, Tinklers, Pendants, Tubes, and Other Shell Artifacts ...................................................................................................................... 21 Plate 8. No. 16, Map of the Peregrinations of the Aztec Tribe in Mexico ................................ 24 Plate 9. No. 17, Artifacts of Wood- No. 18 Chupadero Black on White Pottery ...................... 27 Plate 10. No. 19, Artifacts of Upper Level Texas Kitchen Middens; No. 20, Artifacts of the Middle Level; No. 21, Artifacts of the Bottom Level.......................................................................... 31 Plate 11. No. 22, Fire Keeping Device from Coast Burial; No. 23 Caddo Bottles from Red River District; No. 24, Fine Carved Shell Gorget from Caddo Area on Red River ............................ 35 Plate 12. No. 26, Typical Big Bend Rock Shelter; No. 26, Probably an Atl Atl; No. 27, Big Bend Throwing Sticks of Basket Maker Type; No. 28 Coiled Basket................................................... 38 Plate 13. No. 29, Six Warp Yucca Sandal; No. 30, Checker Weave Yucca Sandal; No. 31, Two Fiber Bags; No. 32, Unusual Soft Yucca Fiber Sandal.................................................................... 39 Plate 14 No. 33, Left Side Colorado, Texas, Skull; No. 34, Right Side of Same; No. 35, Muzzle of Flexed Skeleton Found Near Abilene, No. 36, In Lower Center, Lower Jaw of Colorado Skuil, Upper Right Grinding Surfaces of Jaws Shown in Number Thirty-five...................................................................................... 45 Plate 15. No. 37, Profile View of Carved Image from Dallas Gravel Pit; No. 38, Front View of Image ....................................................................................... 52 Texas Archaeological and Paleontological Society 7 CAVES ALONG THE SLOPES OF THE GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS BY E. B. HOWARD In the little known Canyons of the Guadalupe and beauty of which is rapidly becoming familiar to Mountains lie buried many secrets relating to the early everyone. There are dry caves and caves in which inhabitants of that region. To unlock some of these water-action is evident by the formation of stalactites secrets is, at times, a discouraging task but withal a and stalagmites. The dry caves only are of interest to fascinating one. Many caves have to be examined us here, inasmuch as material recovered from them is before one is found which shows evidences of human often found in the most remarkable state of occupation of sufficient interest to warrant the preservation; and in many cases indicate very early necessary time and energy required to properly occupancy. While some of these caves are found well excavate it. up the sides of the mountains most of those showing the evidence we seek are found in the canyons cutting In outlining the work done during the past two the slopes of the mountains and at no very great height seasons for the University Museum of Philadelphia, it above the beds of the canyons, probably from fifty to will be well, perhaps, to give some description of the a hundred feet. The three principal canyons in which region which was explored for caves. The Guadalupe we worked are Last Chance, Anderson, which is a Mountains are a southward extension of the small canyon running into Last Chance, and Three Sacramento Mountains and are largely located in Forks. Last Chance has running water in it at all times Otero and Eddy Counties in southeastern New while the other two are dry. The cave of chief interest Mexico, and extending into Culberson County, Texas, to us, to which we have given the name Burnet Cave, where Guadalupe Point terminates in an almost sheer after R. M. Burnet of Carlsbad, lies on the south fork precipice of limestone 1500 to 1800 feet thick. The of Three Forks Canyon which is another name for the highest peak rises to over 9000 feet. On the west upper reaches of Rocky Arroyo, this latter running into side are salt flats while on the east the land is cut up the Pecos River above Carlsbad, New Mexico. Burnet by many canyons heading in a generally eastern cave is nearly west of Carlsbad and is reached in a direction to the Pecos River. roundabout trip of some fifty miles over ranch trails The mountains themselves are formed of limestone, for a good part of the way. (See No. 1 Plate 1). The though in some places alternating with gypsum and cave itself is about seventy feet above the bed of the sandstone. The country, like so much of the Southwest canyon and at an elevation of approximately 4,600 presents the usual semi-arid appearance, there being feet above sea-level. It is in the side of a spur which very few canyons which are not dry. How long this extends into a small flat, on one side of which the bed area has been as dry as it now is would be hard to of the dry stream is cut, piling up rocks washed down say, but it seems to be generally believed that these from above. The formation in which the cave is made conditions have been of no short duration. Upon the is a limestone of late Carboniferous Age, probably recession and shrinking of the great ice sheet which representing a transitional stage into the early Permian. covered a large part of this country during the last There are a number of other caves in this same glacial period, the climate of the desert regions formation most of them smaller than the one I am underwent considerable changes. The ice sheet describing. There are others also nearby across the apparently was bordered by a belt with plants and little