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RSTS/E System User's Guide Order No. AA-EZ12A-Te RSTS/E System User's Guide Order No. AA-EZ12A-Te June 1985 This manual contains general information about RSTS/E, provides rules for using DCL (DIGITAL Command Language) on RSTS/E, and describes com­ mands for file, system and programming operations. OPERATING SYSTEM AND VERSION: RSTS/E V9.0 SOFTWARE VERSION: RSTS/E V9.0 digital equipment corporation. maynard. massachusetts The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. The software described in. this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by DIGITAL or its affiliated companies. Copyright © 1985 by Digital Equipment Corporation. All rights reserved. The postage-paid READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this docu­ ment requests your critical evaluation to assist us in preparing future documenta­ tion. The follOWing are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: DIBOL ReGIS WD~~~~U ™ FMS-ll RSTS DEC LA RSX DECmail MASS BUS RT DECmate PDP UNIBUS DECnet PIOS VAX DECtape Professional VMS DECUS Q-BUS VT DECwriter Rainbow Work Processor Page Preface ix Summary of Technical Changes xiii Getting Started with RSTS/E Using Your Account .... 1-1 Privileges . 1-1 Your Project-Programmer Number . 1-2 Your Password . 1-2 Using the Terminal (CTRL, DELETE, RETURN Keys) . 1-3 Beginning a Terminal Session: HELLO or LOGIN 1-6 The System Command Environment . 1-7 Other Command Environments ..... 1-7 Using Login Command Files . 1-8 Getting Information About Commands: HELP 1-9 Ending a Terminal Session: LOGOUT or BYE 1-12 Exceeding Your Disk Quota 1-13 Using DCL Command Qualifiers 1-14 Maintaining Files . 1-14 Accounts, Directories, and Files 1-14 PUtting Files into Your Directory 1-15 Displaying Your Files . 1-15 File Specifications . 1-16 File Names and Types . 1-17 Protection Codes . 1-20 Wildcards 1-20 Running a Program . 1-21 Using DECnetJE . 1-21 Displaying Network Status: SHOW NETWORK . 1-23 Using the Network: SET HOST . 1-23 Using RSTS/E Commands and Command Procedures Understanding Command Formats. 2-1 Entering Commands. 2-4 Continuing Commands on More than One Line 2-5 Entering Comments . 2-5 Abbreviating Keywords ........... 2-6 Abbreviating Command Names ..... 2-6 Abbreviating Parameters, Qualifiers, and Qualifier Arguments 2-6 iii Entering File Specification Lists . 2-7 Entering Entry Specifications . 2-7 Entering Qualifiers . 2-7 Determining Qualifier Defaults 2-8 Entering Qualifier Arguments . 2-8 Entering Output File Qualifiers 2-8 Entering Uppercase, Lowercase, and Nonalphanumeric Characters 2-9 Entering Dates and Times . 2-11 The IBEFORE, ISINCE, and IAFfER Qualifiers . 2-11 Absolute Date and Time Formats ..... 2-12 Combinations of Absolute Dates and Times. 2-12 Syntax ........... 2-13 Relative Date and Time Formats 2-13 Using Command Procedures . 2-14 Creating Command Procedures 2-15 Formatting Command Procedures 2-15 Executing Command Procedures . 2-15 Worldng With Files Creating and Modifying Text Files 3-3 CREATE ....... 3-3 EDIT ......... 3-6 Displaying File Names and Files 3-11 DIRECTORY .. 3-11 TYPE ..... 3-19 Deleting ~iles: DELETE 3-22 Copying, Renaming, and Appending Files 3-26 COPY. 3-26 RENAME ........... 3-35 APPEND ........... 3-38 Sorting Files and Merging Sorted Files . 3-42 SORT ......... 3-42 MERGE ......... 3-50 Comparing Files: DIFFERENCES 3-57 Allowing Access to Files . 3-60 Using Protection Codes . 3-60 SET PROTECTION . 3-64 Setting File Characteristics: SET FILE 3-66 iv System and Account Operations SHOW ............. 4-2 System and Account Status . 4-3 Attached and Detached Jobs . 4-7 SHOW USER 4-8 SHOW JOB .. 4-9 CTRUf ... 4-10 SHOW SYSTEM 4-11 SHOW ACCOUNT 4-12 SET ......... 4-14 SET PASSWORD 4-15 REQUEST ...... 4-17 Terminal Status and Operations Displaying and Setting Terminal Characteristics . 5-1 SHOW TERMINAL . 5-3 SET TERMINAL ........ 5-5 Creating a Log File of a Terminal Session 5-12 OPEN/LOG_FILE . 5-13 CLOSEILOG _FILE 5-15 SET LOG _ FILE 5-16 @ Worldng with Devices Working with Physical D~vices 6-1 Allocating Devices . 6-4 Assigning and Allocating Devices . 6-4 Device Independence . 6-5 Working with Disks . 6-5 The Public Disk Structure 6-5 Private Disks . 6-6 Working with Magnetic Tapes . 6-6 Protecting Files on Tapes 6-7 Tape Density ..... 6-7 ANSI and DOS Format 6-7 Physical Device Commands . 6-9 ALLOCATE .. 6-9 DEALLOCATE 6-10 MOUNT ... 6-11 INITIALIZE . 6-14 DISMOUNT .. 6-16 SHOW DEVICE, SHOW DEVICE/ALLOCATED, SHOW DISKS 6-17 Logical Names .......... 6-18 Logical Names· and Devices . 6-19 System-Wide and User Logicals 6-19 Numbers of Logical Names .. 6-19 v How to Override Name Precedence 6-20 ASSIGN . 6-21 DEASSIGN ........... 6-23 Print/Batch Services Specifying Print and Batch Entries . 7-2 Entry Number. 7-2 Entry Specification. 7-2 Printing Files: PRINT . 7-4 Submitting Entries for Batch Processing: SUBMIT 7-9 Displaying Print and Batch Queue Entries: SHOW ENTRY 7-13 Modifying a Print or Batch Queue Entry: SET ENTRY . 7-16 Deleting a Print or Ba.tch Entry from a Queue: DELETE/ENTRY 7-19 Displaying a Queue's Characteristics: SHOW QUEUE ..... 7-20 (Q)(0)0° Program Development Developing Programs on RSTS/E 8-2 Overview 8-2 Editing .. 8-3 Compiling 8-3 Linking .. 8--4 Combining Modules 8--4 Relocating Addresses . 8--4 Testing .......... 8-5 The RTll and RSX Tools .. 8-5 RTI1-Based Programming 8-6 RSX-Based Programming 8-6 BASIC. 8-7 COBOL . 8-9 DIBOL .. 8-14 FORTRAN 8-16 FORTRAN/F77 8-16 FORTRAN/FOR . 8-19 MACRO .. 8-22 LINK ...... 8-24 Overview .. 8-25 Input File List 8-26 Simple (Nonoverlaid) Linking . 8-26 Overlaid Linking . 8-27 Language Qualifiers . 8-27 Forms Management System Qualifier . 8-28 Debugging Qualifier . 8-29 DeSCription Qualifier ....... 8-30 Address Space and Library Qualifiers . 8-30 Output File Qualifiers 8-31 Overlay Qualifier . 8-32 vi When You Can Use ISTRUCTURE 8-32 When Must You Use Overlays? 8-33 What Are Overlays? ..... 8-33 Rules for Constructing Overlays 8-34 The ISTRUCTURE Dialogue . 8-36 The Memory Map File . 8-39 The Temporary Files Produced by LINK 8-41 RUN .................. 8-42 DCl Error Messages Special Characters Used in Error Messages .. A-I More About Command Environments and RSTS/E File Specification More About Command Environments . B-1 Switching Between Command Environments B-1 BASIC-PLUS Keyboard Monitor Commands B-2 RTll Keyboard Monitor Commands . B-4 RSX Keyboard Monitor Commands B-6 More About RSTS/E File Specification B-7 RSTS/E File Specification Switch . B-7 /PROTECT Switch. B-8 IFILESIZE Switch . B-8 ICLUSTERSIZE Switch B-9 /POSITION Switch .. B-1 0 IMODE and IRONL Y Switches B-ll Glossary Index Figures 1-1 Executing System and User Login Files . 1-9 2-1 The COpy Command Format . 2-3 8-1 Outlining the Call Structure . 8-33 8-2 A Simple Overlay in Memory . 8-34 8-3 Separate Paths in an Overlay Structure 8-35 8-4 Allocating Space for Common Areas 8-36 8-5 Overlay Structure Using Concatenated Files 8-39 8-6 Sample From a Memory Map File . 8-40 vii Tables 1-1 Special Function Keys on RSTS/E . · 1-5 1-2 RSTS/E File Types ....... 1-18 2-1 Terms Used in Command Formats .. 2-2 2-2 Nonalphanumeric Characters 2-10 3-1 Commands for File Operations. 3-1 3-2 File Protection Codes for Nonexecutable Files 3-61 3-3 File Protection Codes for Executable Files 3-62 ~ Common File Protection Codes . 3-63 4-1 SHOW Command Options ........ · 4-2 4-2 SHOW USER and SHOW JOB Abbreviations · 4-5 4-3 SET Command Options ........ 4-14 6-1 Commands for Devices and logical Names. 6-1 6-2 RSTS/E Physical Device Names . · 6-3 6-3 Abbreviations in SHOW DEVICE/AllOCATED and SHOW DISKS Displays .................. 6-18 7-1 PrintlBatch Services Commands . 7-1 8-1 Program Development Commands ..... · 8-1 8-2 Program Development Commands on RSTS/E · 8-5 8-3 language Qualifier, Source language, and Linker Relationship 8-26 A-I DCl Error Messages. A-2 B-1 BASIC-PLUS Commands B-3 B-2 RTll Commands B-4 B-3 RSX Commands .... B-6 viii Objectives This manual describes the RSTS/E operating system and the use of the DIGITAL Command Language (DCL) on RSTS/E systems. This manual describes commands for operations such as working with files, getting information about the system and its devices, printing files and running batch jobs, and developing programs. Note that this manual does not describe commands which require privileges for you to use them; see the RSTSIE System Manager's Guide for descriptions of privileged DCL commands. Audience Although some familiarity with computers is helpful, you do not need to be an experienced computer user or programmer to use this manual. Document Structure The manual is divided into eight chapters and two appendixes: Chapter 1 Describes the basics of the RSTS/E system and how to use it. It includes descriptions of the command environments, running a program, and using DECnetiE. (DECnet/E allows you to communicate with other computers.) Chapter 2 Describes how to use commands interactively and introduces how to use command procedures.
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