Cominco Resources – Hinda Phosphate Project Update
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Kosnarite Kzr2(PO4)3 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Kosnarite KZr2(PO4)3 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal, pseudocubic. Point Group: 32/m. As rhombohedral pseudocubic crystals, to 0.9 mm, with {1012} and tiny {0001}. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect on {1012}. Fracture: Conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 4.5 D(meas.) = 3.194(2) D(calc.) = 3.206 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Pale blue to blue-green, bluish gray, nearly colorless. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Uniaxial (+). ω = 1.656(2) = 1.682(2) Cell Data: Space Group: R3c. a = 8.687(2) c = 23.877(7) Z = 6 X-ray Powder Pattern: Mt. Mica, Maine, USA. 4.329 (100), 3.806 (90), 2.928 (90), 6.41 (50), 4.679 (50), 2.502 (50), 1.903 (45) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) P2O5 43.3 42.2 42.04 ZrO2 44.5 47.9 48.66 HfO2 0.5 0.9 FeO 0.2 < 0.1 MnO 1.0 < 0.1 Na2O 1.4 < 0.1 K2O 8.7 9.25 9.30 Rb2O 0.25 0.2 F 0.20 0.2 −O=F2 0.08 0.08 Total 99.97 100.57 100.00 (1) Mt. Mica, Maine, USA; by electron microprobe, total Fe as FeO, total Mn as MnO; corresponds to (K0.93Na0.08Rb0.01)Σ=1.02(Zr1.81Na0.15Mn0.07Fe0.01Hf0.01)Σ=2.05 [P1.02(O3.98F0.02)Σ=4.00]3. (2) Black Mountain, Maine, USA; by electron microprobe, total Fe as FeO, total Mn as MnO; corresponds to (K0.99Rb0.01)Σ=1.00(Zr1.96Hf0.02)Σ=1.98 [P1.00(O3.98F0.02)Σ=4.00]3. -
Geology of the Hugo Pegmatite Keystone, South Dakota
Geology of the Hugo Pegmatite Keystone, South Dakota GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 297-B Geology of the Hugo Pegmatite Keystone, South Dakota By J. J. NORTON, L. R. PAGE, and D. A. BROBST PEGMATITES AND OTHER PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS IN THE SOUTHERN BLACK HILLS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 297-P A detailed structural and petrologic study of a pegmatite containing seven zones and two replacement bodies UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page Page Abstract.. _ ________________________________________ 49 Mineral distribution and paragenesis of the entire Introduction. ______________________________________ 49 pegmatite_ _ ______________________-___---------_ 96 General geology. ___________________________________ 52 Comparison of the zonal sequence with that in other Metamorphic rocks_ ____________________________ 52 pegmatites. ______________________________________ 97 Roy and Monte Carlo pegmatites.- _ __---__-______ 53 Replacement features-______________________________ 100 Structure __________________________________________ 53 Review of the evidence for replacement in pegma Pegmatite units ____________________________________ 53 tites __ _____________________________________ 100 Zone 1 : Albite-quartz-musco vite pegmatite ________ 56 Replacement in the Hugo pegmatite.____-_____-_- 102 -
Program and Abstracts
The Atlantic Geoscience Society (AGS) La Société Géoscientifique de l’Atlantique 45th Colloquium and Annual Meeting Special Sessions: • Special Session: In Memory of Dr. Trevor MacHattie (1974 - 2018) • Paleontology and Sedimentology in Atlantic Canada: In Memory of Dr. Ron Pickerill (1947 – 2018) • Current Research in Carboniferous Geology in the Atlantic Provinces • Minerals, metals, melts, and fluids associated with granitoid rocks: new insights from fundamental studies into the genesis, melt fertility, and ore-forming processes • Earth Science Outreach in the Maritime Provinces • Geohazards: Recent and Historical General Sessions: Current Research in the Atlantic Provinces February 7-9, 2019 Fredericton Inn, Fredericton, New Brunswick PROGRAM WITH ABSTRACTS We gratefully acknowledge sponsorship from the following companies and organizations: Department of Energy and Resource Development Geological Surveys Branch Department of Energy and Mines Department of Energy and Mines Geological Surveys Division Petroleum Resources Division Welcome to the 45th Colloquium and Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Geoscience Society in Fredericton, New Brunswick. This is a familiar place for AGS, having been a host several times over the years. We hope you will find something to interest you and generate discussion with old friends and new. AGS members are clearly pushing the boundaries of geoscience in all its branches! Be sure to take in the science on the posters and the displays from sponsors, and don’t miss the after-banquet jam and open mike on Saturday night. For social media types, please consider sharing updates on Facebook and Twitter (details in the program). We hope you will be able to use the weekend to renew old acquaintances, make new ones, and further the aims of your Atlantic Geoscience Society. -
Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Conservative Dentistry and Oral Implantology—A Review
materials Review Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Conservative Dentistry and Oral Implantology—A Review Kamil Pajor, Lukasz Pajchel and Joanna Kolmas * Analytical Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 July 2019; Accepted: 20 August 2019; Published: 22 August 2019 Abstract: Calcium phosphate, due to its similarity to the inorganic fraction of mineralized tissues, has played a key role in many areas of medicine, in particular, regenerative medicine and orthopedics. It has also found application in conservative dentistry and dental surgery, in particular, as components of toothpaste and mouth rinse, coatings of dental implants, cements, and bone substitute materials for the restoration of cavities in maxillofacial surgery. In dental applications, the most important role is played by hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite, i.e., calcium phosphates characterized by the highest chemical stability and very low solubility. This paper presents the role of both apatites in dentistry and a review of recent achievements in the field of the application of these materials. Keywords: hydroxyapatite; fluorapatite; dentistry; calcium phosphates 1. Introduction In recent decades, one has been able to observe huge progress in the field of dentistry. This results not only from the development of dental techniques and methods of therapy but also from significant developments in biomaterial engineering. The science of biomaterials is constantly increasing due to innovative modifications of already known materials or completely new biomaterials for applications in dentistry. Biodegradable polymers, bioactive ceramics, bioglass or metals covered with a layer of material facilitating osseointegration and, above all, composite materials are the main directions in the development of dental biomaterials [1–4]. -
Evaluation of a Fluorapatite-Spinel Ceramic As a Bone Implant Denginur Aksaci Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1981 Evaluation of a fluorapatite-spinel ceramic as a bone implant Denginur Aksaci Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Materials Science and Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Aksaci, Denginur, "Evaluation of a fluorapatite-spinel ceramic as a bone implant " (1981). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 6961. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/6961 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to ubtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. -
Phosphorus-From Discovery to Commodity
Indian Journal of Chemical Technology Vol. 12, January 2005, pp. 108-122 Phosphorus-From discovery to commodity Jaime Wisniak* Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 84105 Phosphorus is nearly the most widely and evenly distributed element on the surface of the earth, and probably the most subdivided. From a laboratory curiosity in the seventeeth century, it became recognized as a fundamental element of life and a large chemical commodity, improving agriculture and industry like very few other discoveries by men have done. Discovery of phosphorus nor the phenomenon was really new. Organic Mankind has been aware of luminiscent phosphorescent materials were known to Aristotle, phenomena for thousands of years; they are and a lithophosphorus was the subject of a book mentioned in different mythology and in the Bible. published in 1640, based on a discovery made by a Glowworms and fireflies, and the luminescent shoemaker, Vicenzo Casciarol, on Mons Padernus, organisms in sea water or on decaying fish and wood near Bologna in 16303. Casciarol claimed that the were long familiar sights and attracted the curiosity of stone was so heavy that he thought it contained a men. The Greeks called the planet Venus by the name heavy metal and that after it had been calcined in Phosphorus (morning star, from the Greek φϖζ = charcoal fire and cooled, it glowed in the darkness light + φερω = to bear), because it was visible before with a reddish light. The stone was called sunrise and after sundown. Venus took the name litheosphorus and also Bologna stone or lapis phosphorus in the morning and Hesperus in the bononiensis. -
Microbially Mediated Transformations of Phosphorus in the Sea: New Views of an Old Cycle
MA06CH12-Karl ARI 5 November 2013 15:33 Microbially Mediated Transformations of Phosphorus in the Sea: New Views of an Old Cycle David M. Karl Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 2014. 6:279–337 Keywords The Annual Review of Marine Science is online at biogeochemistry, subtropical gyre, nutrients, primary production marine.annualreviews.org This article’s doi: Abstract 10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135046 Phosphorus (P) is a required element for life. Its various chemical forms by University of Hawaii at Manoa Library on 01/06/14. For personal use only. Copyright c 2014 by Annual Reviews. are found throughout the lithosphere and hydrosphere, where they are Annu. Rev. Marine. Sci. 2014.6:279-337. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org All rights reserved acted on by numerous abiotic and biotic processes collectively referred to as the P cycle. In the sea, microorganisms are primarily responsible for P assimilation and remineralization, including recently discovered P reduction-oxidation bioenergetic processes that add new complexity to the marine microbial P cycle. Human-induced enhancement of the global P cycle via mining of phosphate-bearing rock will likely influence the pace of P-cycle dynamics, especially in coastal marine habitats. The inextricable link between the P cycle and cycles of other bioelements predicts future impacts on, for example, nitrogen fixation and carbon dioxide sequestration. Additional laboratory and field research is required to build a comprehensive understanding of the marine microbial P cycle. 279 MA06CH12-Karl ARI 5 November 2013 15:33 1. -
Roscherite-Group Minerals from Brazil
■ ■ Roscherite-Group Minerals yÜÉÅ UÜté|Ä Daniel Atencio* and José M.V. Coutinho Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 562, 05508-080 – São Paulo, SP, Brazil. *e-mail: [email protected] Luiz A.D. Menezes Filho Rua Esmeralda, 534 – Prado, 30410-080 - Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. INTRODUCTION The three currently recognized members of the roscherite group are roscherite (Mn2+ analog), zanazziite (Mg analog), and greifensteinite (Fe2+ analog). These three species are monoclinic but triclinic variations have also been described (Fanfani et al. 1977, Leavens et al. 1990). Previously reported Brazilian occurrences of roscherite-group minerals include the Sapucaia mine, Lavra do Ênio, Alto Serra Branca, the Córrego Frio pegmatite, the Lavra da Ilha pegmatite, and the Pirineus mine. We report here the following three additional occurrences: the Pomarolli farm, Lavra do Telírio, and São Geraldo do Baixio. We also note the existence of a fourth member of the group, an as-yet undescribed monoclinic Fe3+-dominant species with higher refractive indices. The formulas are as follows, including a possible formula for the new species: Roscherite Ca2Mn5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 • 6H2O Zanazziite Ca2Mg5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 • 6H2O 2+ Greifensteinite Ca2Fe 5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 • 6H2O 3+ 3+ Fe -dominant Ca2Fe 3.33Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 • 6H2O ■ 1 ■ Axis, Volume 1, Number 6 (2005) www.MineralogicalRecord.com ■ ■ THE OCCURRENCES Alto Serra Branca, Pedra Lavrada, Paraíba Unanalyzed “roscherite” was reported by Farias and Silva (1986) from the Alto Serra Branca granite pegmatite, 11 km southwest of Pedra Lavrada, Paraíba state, associated with several other phosphates including triphylite, lithiophilite, amblygonite, tavorite, zwieselite, rockbridgeite, huréaulite, phosphosiderite, variscite, cyrilovite and mitridatite. -
Synthesis and Characterization of Strontium Fluorapatite
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2005 Synthesis and characterization of strontium fluorapatite Chirantha Prageeth Rodrigo University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Rodrigo, Chirantha Prageeth, "Synthesis and characterization of strontium fluorapatite" (2005). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/mwff-o6ha This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STRONTIUM FLUORAPATITE by Chirantha Prageeth Rodrigo Bachelor of Science University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 2001 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Chemistry Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas August 2005 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1428601 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. -
Rare Earth Elements Deposits of the United States—A Summary of Domestic Deposits and a Global Perspective
The Principal Rare Earth Elements Deposits of the United States—A Summary of Domestic Deposits and a Global Perspective Gd Pr Ce Sm La Nd Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5220 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover photo: Powders of six rare earth elements oxides. Photograph by Peggy Greb, Agricultural Research Center of United States Department of Agriculture. The Principal Rare Earth Elements Deposits of the United States—A Summary of Domestic Deposits and a Global Perspective By Keith R. Long, Bradley S. Van Gosen, Nora K. Foley, and Daniel Cordier Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5220 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This report has not been reviewed for stratigraphic nomenclature. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. Suggested citation: Long, K.R., Van Gosen, B.S., Foley, N.K., and Cordier, Daniel, 2010, The principal rare earth elements deposits of the United States—A summary of domestic deposits and a global perspective: U.S. -
Tavistockite and Bialite Discredited
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, MARCH 1969, VOL. 37, NO. 285 Tavistockite and bialite discredited P. G. EMBREY AND E. E. FEJER Department of Mineralogy, British Museum (Natural History) SUMMARY. Specimens of tavistockite fall into two groups: true tavistockite from the George and Charlotte mine, Tavistock, Devon, and wavellite from the Stenna Gwyn mine, St. Austell, Cornwall. Both were sold as tavistockite by the discoverer, Richard TaIling. Tavistockite proper is a fluorapatite, as shown by optical and X-ray examination, and the alumina and water in the original analysis are certainly derived from kaolinite with which the apatite is intimately associated. The published optical properties attributed to tavistockite were determined by E. S. Larsen on Stenna Gwyn material, and are those of wavellite. Re-examination of a portion of Buttgenbach's type bialite, which he related to tavistockite on optical grounds, shows it to be wavellite. TAVISTOCKITE has been a doubtful species from the time it was first described in 1865 by A. H. Church! as 'Hydrated Calcium-aluminic Phosphate (?)'. Its apparent validity has been established by successive appearances in all the standard works on systematic mineralogy, starting with J. D. Dana's renaming as tavistockite in 1868.2 The present study is perhaps as much historical as mineralogical, since Church's original material cannot be traced and other specimens present a confused picture both in naming and in locality. We have studied seventeen specimens (see table) that are or have at one time been labelled tavistockite, and find that they fall into two distinct groups that may readily be characterized by the mineral assemblages present. -
Geology of Barium, Strontium, and Fluorine Deposits in Canada
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY REPORT 34 GEOLOGY OF BARIUM, STRONTIUM, AND FLUORINE DEPOSITS IN CANADA K.R. DAWSON 1985 © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1985 Available in Canada through authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores or by mail from Canadian Government Publishing Centre Supply and Services Canada Ottawa, Canada KlA OS9 and from Geological Survey of Canada offices: 60 l Booth Street Ottawa, Canada KlA OE8 3303-33rd Street N. W., Calgary, Alberta T2L 2A7 100 West Pender Street Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 1R8 (mainly B.C. and Yukon) A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada Cat. No. M43-34/1985E Canada: $13.00 ISBN 0-660-11902-1 Other countries: $15.60 Price subject to change without notice Critical Readers R.I. Thorpe K.M. Dawson G.F. Leech D.C . Findlay Original manuscript submitted: 1981 - 07 Approved for publication: 1983 - 04 Preface Preface Barium, strontium and fluorine have many industrial Le baryum, le strontium et le fluor connaissent de applications. All have been produced in Canada during this nombreuses utilisations industrielles. Le Canada en a produit century but at present our needs for strontium chemicals, tout au long du siecle m2is ii doit actuellement en importer, crude fluorite and fluorine chemicals are met by imports, principalement du Mexique et des Etats-Unis, pour subvenir a mainly from Mexico and the United States. ses besoins de derives chimiques de strontium et de fluorine , ainsi que de fluor brut. Barite is primarily employed in the heavy drilling muds La barytine est surtout utilisee par l'industrie used in the petroleum exploration industry.