IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014 418 Chronologies Appendices Italy is a unitary parliamentary republic parliamentary unitary a is Italy Previous elections: 13 and 14 April 2008. 2013 February 24 Elections Legislative Italy system. representation proportional list members are elected through an open- 8 and constituencies multi-member members are elected by majority vote in ( Council National unicameral a has Monaco is a constitutional monarchy. It 2008 February 3 elections: Previous 2013 February 10 Elections Legislative Monaco of Principalty significance. political lar other relevant territory that are of particu any in or entities autonomous in held elections those and referenda cludes in also list The order. Mediterranean circum- in presented states, pendent inde in 2012 in place took that tions sults of presidential and legislative elec re the of details provides chapter This Mediterranean ElectoralObservatory Chronologies Appendices are elected from Italian constituencies Italian from elected are Deputati ( Deputies of Chamber the with a perfectly bicameral legislature. In osi National Conseil Turnout: 71.3% tection) pro (national Renaissance tism, monarchism) conserva social liberalism, Monégasque Union national union) (liberalism, Monaco Horizon Parties ) 630 members, of which 618 which of members, 630 ) wt 2 sas 16 seats. 24 with ) (fiscal - - 38.99 50.34 10.67 Camera dei Camera % Seats 20 3 1 - - - - -

olzoe i centro-destra di Coalizione (cen Comune Bene Italia. Parties Deputies of Chamber officio. ex filled are members 4 and abroad**), living Italians from elected are 6 which (of terms 5-year serve to system representation proportional closed-list a through elected are bers ( Senate the In terms. 5-year serve to system representation proportional list living closed- a through elected are abroad*, citizens Italian from 12 and Senato della Repubblica della Senato liberalism. Centre-right) democracy, (Christian one MIR vative. Centre-right) conser federalism, nalism, Grande Sud – MPA (regio neo-fascism, right-wing populism.Right) servatism, Destra La mocracy, liberalism.Right) conservatism, Christian de d’Italia Fratelli anti-globalisation. Catch-all-party) scepti cism, euro gionalism, re (federalism, Nord Lega right) Centre- democracy. tian Chris conservatism, eral Liberta’Popolodella Il lusconi Ber Silvio (centre-Right) autonomism. Centre-left) (SVP) lese Sudtiro Popolare Partito liberalism, Christian left.Centre-left) social trism, Democratico Centro socialism, eco-socialism. Left) (democratic Liberta’ Ecologia Sinistra left. Centre-Left) Christian democracy, cial (so Democratico Partito tre-left) - Moderati in Revoluzi Pier LuigiBersani ntoa con (national (regionalism, (national (national (cen (lib ------

), 315 mem 315 ), 21.5 29.18 25.42 29.55 0.24 0.43 0.64 1.95 4.08 0.43 0.49 % 3.2 6

Seggi 124 292 340 18 97 37 9 5 6 - - - - oiet 5 tle Beppe Stelle 5 Movimento tla Bn Cmn (cen Comune Bene Italia. Senate ties in Italiani grati to 1 Beppegrillo.it America); South in ing All’Estero iani Popolo della Liberta’ Democratico tito *Seats elected by Italians living abroad: 5 seats to Con Monti per l’Italia. (centre) Parties im drc democarcy. Catch-all) direct cism, euro-scepti stablishment, grillo.it (anti-mafia. Right) Equa Italia una per Liberi party) (catch-all- Popolare Intesa conservatism. Centre-right) Partito Pensionati (centrism, sca dmcay anti- clericalism. Centre-Left) democracy, (social Partito SocialistaItaliano etta Croc Lista - Megafono Il Christian left.Centre-left) (centrism, social liberalism, Centro Democratico socialism, eco-socialism. Left) (democratic Sinistra EcologiaLiberta’ tian left.Centre-Left) Chris democracy, (social Partito Democratico tre-left) tre-Right) Cen liberalism. servatism, con national and (liberal Futuro eLiberta’ cial conservatism.Centre) so democracy, (Christian Unione deCentro tian democracy. Centre) peanism, reformism, Chris Monti per l’Italia con Civica Scelta Mario Monti Grillo South America ( Pier LuigiBersani ppls, anti-e (populism, political party political ad to 1 and ; (political party representing Italians liv Italians representing party (political (liberalism, Euro Giuseppe Piero Piero Giuseppe 2 to 2 ; , 2 to ). o Mni e l’Italia per Monti Con noe uaeiaa Emi Sudamericana Unione Movimento Associativo Ital representing Italian minori Italian representing oiet 5 Stelle 5 Movimento ------

25.55 27.43 31.63 10.56 0.07 0.16 0.46 1.78 0.18 0.45 0.53 2.97 % 8.3 0 1 to 1 ; Seats 105 108 113 Par 37 45 8 1 7 Il ------Legislative Elections Legislative Malta Previous elections: 8 March 2008 March 8 elections: Previous 2013 March 9 (Senate) Turnout: 75.11% and Deputies) of (Chamber 75.20% 1 to Democratico Partito to seats 4 abroad: living Italians by elected **Seats Aosta Valley (cen l’Italia. per Monti Con Beppe Stelle 5 Movimento centro-destra di Coalizione tre) MarioMonti ro Grillo Catch-all) democarcy. direct ticism, euro-scep stablishment, grillo.it (anti-mafia. Right) Liberi perunaItaliaEqua Basta Tasse Centre-left pro-Europeanism. tism, conserva liberal and cial (Christian democracy, so Cantiere Popolare (catch-all-party) Intesa Popolare democracy. Centre-right) centrism, Christian (regionalism, MPA -PartitodeiSiciliani eralism. Centre-right) democracy,lib (Christian luzione Revo- in Moderati - MIR Christian democracy. Centre-right) (regionalism, Grande Sud Centre-right) conservatism. (centrism, Partito Pensionati populism. Right) right-wing conservatism, neo-fascism, (national La Destra eralism. Right) lib democracy, conservatism, Christian (national Fratelli d’Italia balization. Catch-all-party) anti-glo scepticism, euro regionalism, (federalism, Lega Nord right) Centre- democracy. tian (liberal conservatism, Chris- Il Popolo della lusconi Ber Silvio (centre-Right) autonomism. Centre-left) (SVP) lese Sudtiro Popolare Partito regionalism. Centre-left) (centrism, Moderati Movimento AssiciativoItalianiAll’Estero. ppls, anti-e (populism, ) ispe Pie Giuseppe (regionalism, ; 1 to 1 ; Liberta’ Con

Monti per l’Italia per Monti ------

23,79 30,72 0,04 0,02 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,15 0,22 0,39 0,72 1,92 4,33 22,3 9,13 0,4 - - ; and ; 116 17 99 54 18 1 6 1 ------at hs uiaea Asml ( Assembly unicameral a has Malta man?’ a and woman a between matrimony with a provision stating that marriage is the Republic of Croatia being amended ‘Areof constitution the of favour in you 2013. December, 1 on held be would cided that a referendum on the question liament ( in May 2013. Following a vote in the Par which collected over 700,000 signatures group, Catholic Family” the of Name the “In the by petition a of result a was referendum The marriage. same-sex on ban constitutional a for Popularsupport 2013 December 1 Referendum representation by elected members with constituency, single a formed country the ment’s 2009–2014 after Croatia enters Parlia the of remainder the serve will twelve members of the EP. The members elect to time first the for Croatia in held were elections Parliament European 2013 April 14 Election Parliament European Croatia tation system, to serve a 5-year term. 5-year a serve to system, tation transferable vote proportional represen single a through elected are deputies Kamra Tad-Deputati Turnout: 20.8% La – Labourists Croatian of Party Democratic Social Union Democratic Croatian Parties Turnout: 91.1% (green Alternative Democratic (Christian- Party Nationalist (social-demo Party Labour Parties politics. Centre-left) Centre-right) conservative. democrat, crat. Centre-left) ulism. Left) bour Party (left-wing pop Centre-left) democrat. (social Croatia conservatism. Centre-right) (national European Union Sabor using ) in November, it was de on 1 July 2013. The ) with 69 seats. The open lists open - - - 43.63 55.20 32.07 32.86 proportional proportional 1.81 5.77 % % . Seats seats 30 39 Il- 1 5 6 - - - - Republic of Albania of Republic year-term. 5 a serve to ted elec- directly is President the which in Montenegro is a Parliamentary Republic 2008 April 6 elections: Previous 2013 April 7 Elections Presidential Montenegro meet a threshold of 5%. of threshold a meet must coalitions pre-election and 3%, of stituency, partiesmustmeetathreshold con any Within regions. administrative 12 country’s the to corresponding cies constituen multi-member 12 are There system. representation proportional list (Kuvendi i Shqipërisë) through a closed- years to a unicameral 140-seat chamber democracy. Elections are held every four The Albanian republic is a parliamentary 2009 June 28 elections: Previous 2013 June 23 Elections Legislative Turnout: 61.5% of Party (Democratic Lekic Miodrag Filip Vujanovic (DemocraticFront) Candidates Turnout: 37.7% No Yes The Unity for Human Rights Rights Human for Unity The New Democratic Spirit (liberal- The Party for Justice, Intgration Albania of Party Republican Inte for Movement Socialist Albania of Party Democratic Albania of Party Socialist Parties Socialists ofMontenegro) Centre) Party conservative. Centre-right) alism. Centre-right) Unity and Right) (national-conservative. left) Centre- pro-Europeanism. gration (conservative. Centre-right) anism. Centre-left) pro-Europe cial-democrat,

(minority politics. politics. (minority (social-democrat, (social-democrat, (Albanian nation (Albanian (so - - - - 33.51 65.87 10.46 30.52 41.28 0.85 1.70 2.60 3.06 % %

48.79 51.21 Seats % 16 49 66 1 4 3

- -

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014 419 Chronologies Appendices IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014 420 Chronologies Appendices seats in the district. the in seats of number the exceed cannot votes of number their candidates, individual for individual candidates. If they vote for each district may vote for a party list, or in Voters representation. gaining for districts. There is a 5 percent threshold electoral 5 from elected are Members terms. 5-year serve to representation proportional by elected are members ( Republic the system. multi-party republic democratic sentative internationally recognised non and Self-proclaimed 2009 April 19 elections: Previous 2013 July 28 Elections Legislative Cyprus Northern term. 5-year a serve to system two-round votea through majority absolute by elected is President the Republic, Presidential 2008 February 24 elections: Previous 17 February 2013 and 24 February 2013 Elections Presidential Cyprus of Republic Communal DemocracyParty Party Democratic (Turkish Party Unity National Party Turkish Republican Parties Turnout: 80.9%(1 (Indepen- Lillikas Giorgios Malas Stavros Nikos Anastasiades (Demo- Candidates Turnout: 52.6% Others Party Democratic Christian Centre-right) nationalism. Turkish tive, Right) conservative. nationalism, of Cyprus.Centre-left) union (social-democrat, dent) Party of working People) cratic Rally) (PKDS) (Progressive (Progressive st semi-presidential repre semi-presidential Cumhuriyet Meclisi Cumhuriyet round)and75.6%(2 (conserva In the Assembly of Assembly the In

- % 1st round 24.93 26.91 45.46 23.16 27.33 38.38 9.09 0.46 7.41 % nd round)

% 2nd with round Seats 42.52 57.48 ) 50 ) 12 14 21 3 1

a -

cated a seat. Knesset a cated allo be to vote overall the of 2% of ance must pass the alli electoral or party A terms. 4-year serve to system representation tional members 120 the elect to called are Elections (Knesset). legislature unicameral a with republic parliamentary a is 10 elections: Previous 2013 January 22 Elections Legislative Israel United Cyprus Party Cyprus United of union (social-democrat, Turnout: 67.1% (secular-reli Nation Whole ( Israel Strong (liberalism.Centre) National Democratic Assem for Front Democratic The Arab - List Arab United (social-democrat. political (liberal Hatnuah (ultra- Judaism Torah United reli (ultra-orthodox National - Home Jewish The (social Party Labor Israeli secu (liberalism, Yesh (secu Beiteinu Yisrael Parties Turnout: 69.6% ism, union of Cyprus. Left) Cyprus. Centre-left) gious unity) Far-right) (Arab-nationalism. Left) bly socialist Arab party. Left) and ish (Jew Equality and Peace ularism, anti-Zionism) (Israeli-Arab Renewal interest, sec for Movement Left) party. Centre-left) orthodox alliance.Right) gious party. Right) and religious Zionism.Right) (nationalism Union Centre- left) bour-Zionism. la way, third democracy, ism. Centre) liberal economic larism, ism. Right) Zion nationalism, larism, through a closed-list propor nationalism (social election threshold February 2009 February ------. 11.39 14.32 23.32 3.15 1.20 1.76 2.01 2.56 2.99 3.65 4.54 4.99 5.17 8.75 9.12 % Seats 11 12 15 19 31 - - 2 3 4 4 6 6 7

- - -

rc sas icuig dsrc seats district 9 including seats, trict 108 of the seats are elected from dis lists. party from representation tional propor via nationwide elected are seats 27 follows: as distributed are Deputies of House the at seats The Interior. the of Ministry the by administered been had tions appointed inMay2012.Previouselec pendent Election Commission that was election to be administered by the Inde Jordanian first the was It seats. 150 ber of Deputies ( al-Ayan Umma ( Assembly National cameral bi a has Jordan of Kingdom Arab The 2010 November 9 elections: Previous 2013 January 23 ties) Depu of (House Elections Legislative Jordan system quota a under women for reserved are seats candidates.15 Bedouin for dates. There are also 9 seats reserved candi Chechen and Circassian for 3 reserved for Christian candidates, and Turnout: 56.5% Independents Citizenship Shabab al-Wifaq The Dawn al-Bayareq al-Quds National Labour Voice oftheNation Free Voice People ofDetermination The People Construction National Unity Unified Front Dignity Cooperation Labour andProfessionalism Salvation National CurrentParty National UnionParty The Homeland Stronger Jordan Muslim CentreParty Party ) consisting of the Senate ( ) with 55 seats and the Cham the and seats 55 with ) Majlis al-Nuwaab 38.57 1.04 1.16 1.18 1.27 1.41 1.45 1.66 1.72 2.06 2.21 2.25 2.34 2.42 2.54 2.61 2.65 3.49 4.86 6.78 7.15 8.17 % als al- Majlis 1 Majlis Majlis Seats ) with 123 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 ------where 28 seats were allocated. were seats 28 where December, 21 on hold was tained, at was majority no where districts, member dual and single in elections runoff The seats. of majority a winning Republic the for Union the with cated, allo were seats 89 23, November on terms. In the first round of the elections 5-year serve to system representation proportional closed-list a through ed 5-year terms and 40 members are elect serve to constituencies multi-member and single- in elected are members ( sembly As National the In delayed. repeatedly been have they but 2011, October, 1 for scheduled originally were Elections 2009). June, 9 sequently won presidential elections on sub who Aziz, Adel by led d’état coup 2008 the (before 2006 December 3 – Previous elections: 19 November 2006 round) (2nd 2013 December 21 round), (1st 2013 November 23 Elections Legislative Mauritania l aia l Wataniya Al Jamiya Al , 106 ), - - - - - Union for the Republic (cen Republic the for Union Parties ainl al fr Reform for Rally National (cen Republic the for Union Parties Turnout firstround:50.3% Democratic Renewal na Arab (ba’athism, Sawab De for Party Republican and Democracy for Union El Wiam Alliance PopularProgressive Reform for Rally National trism, populism.Centre) tionalism) Renewal (black minorityinterests) and mocracy Progress left) (social-democrat. Centre- servatism. Right) con religious Islamism, (Sunni Development and trism, populism. servatism. Right) con religious Islamism, (Sunni Development and Centre) ------55.11 13.68 21.34 13.75 1.20 1.40 3.42 3.83 7.48 % % 1 Seats Seats 22 12 53 - - 3 6 8 7 4 Wikipedia asp www.ipu.org/parline-e/parlinesearch. Database Parline www.observatorioelectoral.es Elections in the Arab and Muslim World and Politics on Observatory OPEMAM www.electionguide.org/index.php Guide Election IFES www.freedomhouse.org House Freedom http://psephos.adam-carr.net Archive Electoral Carr’s Adam Sources en.wikipedia.org Turnout secondround:72.5% and Democracy for Union Alliance PopularProgressive El Wiam Progress left) (social-democrat. Centre- 3.74 4.42 5.09 - - 2

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2014 421 Chronologies Appendices