DOCSLIB.ORG

Campylobacter Spp. in Conventional and Organic Poultry Operations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. IN CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC POULTRY OPERATIONS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctoral of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Taradon Luangtongkum, D.V.M. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Teresa Y. Morishita, Advisor Approved by Dr. Yehia M. Saif Dr. Charles A. Neer ________________________________ Dr. Qijing Zhang Advisor Graduate Program in Veterinary Preventive Medicine ABSTRACT Campylobacter spp. particularly C. jejuni has been recognized as one of the most important causes of foodborne bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide. Since poultry are considered the major reservoir of this foodborne pathogen, the prevalence along with the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in conventional and organic poultry operations is a matter of concern. However, relatively little information on the impact of different food animal production practices on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter is available. Hence, a farm-based study was conducted to determine the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance rates of Campylobacter isolates from both conventionally-raised and organically-raised poultry. Although Campylobacter was highly prevalent in both organic and conventional production systems, the antibiotic resistance rates were significantly higher in conventional operations than in organic operations. These findings clearly indicate the influence of different production practices on the antibiotic resistance rates of Campylobacter spp. on poultry farms, which is likely due to the result of antimicrobial usage in conventional poultry production. However, antimicrobial usage alone may not solely be responsible for the increased antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter isolates because even in the absence of antibiotic exposure, a high level of tetracycline resistance was also observed in Campylobacter isolates from organic poultry farms. Since antibiotics including tetracycline have never been used on these organic poultry farms, a high ii prevalence of tetracycline resistance observed among Campylobacter isolates from this operation type is interesting. Hence, another part of this study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of tetracycline resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter on organic poultry farms. The results showed the changes of tetracycline resistance rates in Campylobacter isolates during the production cycle of one organic broiler flock with 0%, 100%, and 33.33% of tetracycline resistance rates detected at week 3, 6, and 10 of the production period, respectively. Although no tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter strains were isolated from unexposed environmental samples collected from these organic poultry farms except for one organic broiler farm, some of these samples were positive for tetracycline resistance gene [tet(O) gene]. In addition, the agreement between the disk diffusion method and the agar dilution method in identification of antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter was also investigated. The results indicated that the disk diffusion method can be used as a reliable alternative method for susceptibility testing of Campylobacter species to fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics; however, until the standard resistance breakpoints specific for Campylobacter is established and validated, the agar dilution method should be used to determine antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter to other classes of antibiotics. Together, this study reveals the complex nature in the spread of antibiotic resistance and further highlights the need for prudent measures to prevent the occurrence and transmission of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in the poultry reservoir. iii Dedicated to my parents, Songkram and Theraphan Luangtongkum Without their love and support this dissertation would not have been possible iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my advisor, Dr. Teresa Y. Morishita, for providing me the opportunity and freedom to conduct this research, and for her intellectual guidance, support, and encouragement, which made this dissertation possible. The experiences that I have gained from working with her for over the last 5 years here at The Ohio State University have been invaluable to my future career. I am also grateful to my dissertation committee members, Dr. Yehia Mo. Saif, Dr. Charles A. Neer, and Dr. Qijing Zhang for their kindness and willingness to serve on the committee, as well as for their contribution on this dissertation. In this regard, I particularly would like to thank Dr. Qijing Zhang for his invaluable advice, for sharing with me his knowledge and discussions, and for being so patient in answering all the questions that I have had over the last several years, especially while I was writing the manuscripts for publication. I also wish to thank Dr. Amna B. El-Tayeb, Dr. Meredith F. Davis, Dr. Benjamas Promsopone, Ms. Elisabeth J. Angrick, Mr. Aaron J. Ison, and all of the many fellow graduate, undergraduate, and veterinary students at the Avian Disease Investigation Laboratory, both past and present, whom I have had a chance to know and work with, for creating a pleasant environment in which to work, and for offering me their support, especially friendship inside and outside of the laboratory for over the last several years v that I have been here in the States. The friendship and encouragement that I have received from Dr. William L. Ingalls since the first day that I have been in the Department also deserve a space here. Many thanks also go to the organic and conventional poultry farms and processing plants for participating in this study. Research funding from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the North Central Region program for Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (NCR-SARE) are also gratefully acknowledged. I am indebted to The Anandamahidol Foundation for their financial support throughout my entire study. Without this support, I would not have been able to pursue my doctoral degree in the United States. I am also very thankful to Ms. Nuttha Thongchul for everything she has done for me and for being so supportive and understanding. The help of Ms. Supaporn Suwannakham on this dissertation is truly appreciated as well. Finally, my heartfelt gratitude goes to those who are the most important persons in my life, my parents, Songkram and Theraphan Luangtongkum, for their unconditional love and life-long support, for always encouraging me, believing in me, being my inspiration, and helping me get through the tough, difficult, and stressful times during my studies. Without them, this doctoral degree would not have been possible. vi VITA April 19, 1976 ………………… Born – Bangkok, Thailand 1993 – 1999 …………………... Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (Honors) Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 1999 – present ………………… Instructor, Department of Veterinary Public Health Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 2000 – present ………………… Graduate Student, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH PUBLICATION 1. Huang, S., T. Luangtongkum, T. Y. Morishita, and Q. Zhang. 2005. Molecular typing of Campylobacter strains using the cmp gene encoding the major outer membrane protein. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 2: 12-23. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Veterinary Preventive Medicine Studies in Food Safety and Public Health vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract…………………………………………………………….………................…. …ii Dedication…………………………………………………………….…………..........…iv Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………..……..….v Vita…………………………………………………………………………………........vii List of Tables…………………………………………………………….................... .….x List of Figures………………………………………………………………………...…. .xii Chapters: 1. Literature review ……………….……………………………………………...…....…..1 1.1 Introduction…………………………………………...………………………..…..1 1.2 Campylobacter: The Organism…………………………………………………......7 1.2.1 Historical background……………………….…………………………... …..7 1.2.2 General characteristics ….………………………………………………. …..9 1.2.3 Isolation and identification………………...…………………………….…..13 1.3 Campylobacter spp. in Humans…………………………………………..………. ..31 1.3.1 Sources and modes of transmission………….……………………………….31 1.3.2 Infection and clinical manifestation……………………………….....…..…..36 1.3.3 Treatment and control and prevention……….…………………………..…..45 1.4 Campylobacter spp. in Poultry…………………………..……………………..…..56 1.4.1 Prevalence in poultry and other animals……………………………………. ..56 1.4.2 Sources of poultry flock colonization….……………………………………..70 1.4.3 Control and prevention at the farm level……………………………..……..81 1.5 Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter species…………………………..…..86 1.5.1 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods……………...………………..86 1.5.2 Occurrence and trends of antimicrobial resistance………...…………….…. ..89 1.5.3 Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance………………………..………..…..95 1.6 References……………………………………………………………………...…101 2. The effect of different poultry production practices on antibiotic resistance rates of Campylobacter in poultry…………………………………………………….....…150 2.1 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………..150 2.2 Introduction…………………………………………………………………….…151 2.3 Materials and methods……………………………………………………………155 viii 2.4 Results…………………………………………………....…………………….…159 2.5 Discussion…………………………………………………………....………...…164 2.6 Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………172 2.7 References………………………………………………………..…………….…172 3. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter by the
Recommended publications
  • Studies on the Detection Methods of Campylobacter and Faecal Indicator Bacteria in Drinking Water

    Studies on the Detection Methods of Campylobacter and Faecal Indicator Bacteria in Drinking Water

    Tarja Pitkänen Tarja Pitkänen Tarja Studies on the Detection Tarja Pitkänen Methods of Campylobacter RESEARCH Studies on the Detection Methods of RESEARCH Campylobacter and Faecal Indicator Bacteria and Faecal Indicator in Drinking Water Bacteria in Drinking Water Indicator Bacteria in Drinking Water Drinking in Bacteria Indicator Methods Detection the on Studies Faecal contamination of drinking water and subsequent waterborne gastrointestinal infection outbreaks are a major public health concern. In this study, faecal indicator bacteria were detected in 10% of the groundwater samples analysed. The main on-site hazards to water safety at small community water supplies included inadequate well construction and maintenance, an insufficient depth of the protective soil layer and bank filtration. As a preventive measure, the upgrading of the water treatment processes and utilization of disinfection at small Finnish groundwater supplies are recommended. More efficient and specific and less time-consuming methods for enumeration and typing of E. coli and coliform bacteria from non-disinfected water as well as for cultivation and molecular detection and typing of Campylobacter were found in the study. These improvements in methodology for the analysis of the faecal bacteria from water might promote public health protection as they Campylobacter could be anticipated to result in very important time savings and improve the tracking of faecal contamination source in waterborne outbreak investigations. and Faecal Faecal and .!7BC5<2"HIGEML! National Institute for Health and Welfare P.O. Box 30 (Mannerheimintie 166) FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland Telephone: +358 20 610 6000 39 ISBN 978-952-245-319-8 39 2010 39 www.thl.fi Tarja Pitkänen Studies on the Detection Methods of Campylobacter and Faecal Indicator Bacteria in Drinking Water ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented with the permission of the Faculty of Science and Forestry of the University of Eastern Finland for public examination in auditorium, MediTeknia Building, on October 1st, 2010 at 12 o’clock noon.
  • Campylobacteriosis: a Global Threat

    Campylobacteriosis: a Global Threat

    ISSN: 2574-1241 Volume 5- Issue 4: 2018 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.11.002165 Muhammad Hanif Mughal. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res Review Article Open Access Campylobacteriosis: A Global Threat Muhammad Hanif Mughal* Homeopathic Clinic, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan Received: : November 30, 2018; Published: : December 10, 2018 *Corresponding author: Muhammad Hanif Mughal, Homeopathic Clinic, Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract Campylobacter species account for most cases of human gastrointestinal infections worldwide. In humans, Campylobacter bacteria cause illness called campylobacteriosis. It is a common problem in the developing and industrialized world in human population. Campylobacter species extensive research in many developed countries yielded over 7500 peer reviewed articles. In humans, most frequently isolated species had been Campylobacter jejuni, followed by Campylobactercoli Campylobacterlari, and lastly Campylobacter fetus. C. jejuni colonizes important food animals besides chicken, which also includes cattle. The spread of the disease is allied to a wide range of livestock which include sheep, pigs, birds and turkeys. The organism (5-18.6 has% of been all Campylobacter responsible for cases) diarrhoea, in an estimated 400 - 500 million people globally each year. The most important Campylobacter species associated with human infections are C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari and C. upsaliensis. Campylobacter colonize the lower intestinal tract, including the jejunum, ileum, and colon. The main sources of these microorganisms have been traced in unpasteurized milk, contaminated drinking water, raw or uncooked meat; especially poultry meat and contact with animals. Keywords: Campylobacteriosis; Gasteritis; Campylobacter jejuni; Developing countries; Emerging infections; Climate change Introduction of which C. jejuni and 12 species of C. coli have been associated with Campylobacter cause an illness known as campylobacteriosis is a common infectious problem of the developing and industrialized world.
  • Diagnostic Errors in Referrals To

    Diagnostic Errors in Referrals To

    DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS IN REFERRALS TO THE ZAGREB FEVER HOSPITAL VLADIMIR GRAHOVAC Dr med., Head, general practice unit, Gajevo-Jarun and BOZIDAR GAVAZZI Dr med., Head, general practice unit, Savska Cesta Health Centre "Tresnjevka", Zagreb Errare humanum, corrigere philosophicum est THE MOST sensitive indicators are those relating to the quality of work. There are many indices of various degrees of objec- tivity for the evaluation of the quality of the doctor's work. One of them concerning hospital physicians is the degree of agreement between clinical diagnosis and postmortem findings 1. A similar indicator for non-hospital doctors is the degree ofagreement between their referral diagnosis and hospital discharge diagnoses. Since in Yugoslavia there are a great many contradictory opinions of the quality of work of doctors in general, and general practitioners in particular, and since they are often based on impressions and emotions rather than on objective studies, we decided to analyse the degree of agreement between referral diagnoses of the cases sent to the Zagreb fever hospital (hospital for contagious diseases) and the discharge diagnoses of this hospital. Although aware of defi- ciencies of this kind of study which relates only to a single hospital, and a specialized one at that, we decided to use it for the following reasons: 1. The fever hospital is one of the hospitals in which most case histories, in addition to referral diagnoses, contain the name of the physician who referred the patient to the hospital. This makes the subsequent identification possible. 2. Patients are for the most part sent to the fever hospital directly, without any preceding consultation with another doctor specialist or laboratory analysis.
  • Prevalence and Characteristics of Arcobacter Butzleri

    Prevalence and Characteristics of Arcobacter Butzleri

    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2005 Prevalence and characteristics of Arcobacter butzleri: a potential food borne pathogen - in fecal samples, on carcasses and in retail meat of cattle, pig and poultry in Switzerland Keller, Sibille ; Räber, Sibylle Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-163301 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Keller, Sibille; Räber, Sibylle. Prevalence and characteristics of Arcobacter butzleri: a potential food borne pathogen - in fecal samples, on carcasses and in retail meat of cattle, pig and poultry in Switzerland. 2005, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty. Institut für Lebensmittelsicherheit und -hygiene der Vetsuisse-Fakultät Universität Zürich Direktor: Prof. Dr. Roger Stephan Prevalence and characteristics of Arcobacter butzleri - a potential food borne pathogen - in fecal samples, on carcasses and in retail meat of cattle, pig and poultry in Switzerland Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Vetsuisse-Fakultät Universität Zürich vorgelegt von Sibille Keller Sibylle Räber Tierärztin Tierärztin von Meggen LU von Benzenschwil AG genehmigt auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Roger Stephan, Referent Prof. Dr. Kurt Houf, Korreferent Zürich 2005 Sibille Keller Sibylle Räber Für meine Eltern Für meine Eltern Margrith und Peter Kathrin und Roland Content page 1 Summary 3 2 Introduction 4 3 Arcobacter, a potential foodborne
  • DEVELOPMENT of MOLECULAR TOOLS to ASSESS WHETHER ARCOBACTER BUTZLERI IS an ENTERIC PATHOGEN of HUMAN BEINGS ANDREW L WEBB Bachel

    DEVELOPMENT of MOLECULAR TOOLS to ASSESS WHETHER ARCOBACTER BUTZLERI IS an ENTERIC PATHOGEN of HUMAN BEINGS ANDREW L WEBB Bachel

    DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR TOOLS TO ASSESS WHETHER ARCOBACTER BUTZLERI IS AN ENTERIC PATHOGEN OF HUMAN BEINGS ANDREW L WEBB Bachelor of Science, University of Lethbridge, 2011 A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Biological Sciences University of Lethbridge LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA © Andrew Lawrence Webb, 2016 DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR TOOLS TO ASSESS WHETHER ARCOBACTER BUTZLERI IS AN ENTERIC PATHOGEN OF HUMAN BEINGS ANDREW LAWRENCE WEBB Date of Defence: June 27, 2016 G. Douglas Inglis Research Scientist Ph.D. Thesis Co-Supervisor L. Brent Selinger Professor Ph.D. Thesis Co-Supervisor Eduardo N. Taboada Research Scientist Ph.D. Thesis Examination Committee Member Robert A. Laird Associate Professor Ph.D. Thesis Examination Committee Member Sylvia Checkley Associate Professor Ph.D., DVM External Examiner University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada Tony Russell Assistant Professor Ph.D. Chair, Thesis Examination Committee DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my partner Jen, who has been a source of endless patience and support. Furthermore, I dedicate this thesis to my parents, for their unwavering confidence in me and their desire to help me do what I love. iii ABSTRACT The pathogenicity of Arcobacter butzleri remains enigmatic, in part due to a lack of genomic data and tools for comprehensive detection and genotyping of this bacterium. Comparative whole genome sequence analysis was employed to develop a high throughput and high resolution subtyping method representative of whole genome phylogeny. In addition, primers targeting a taxon-specific gene (quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase) were designed to detect and quantitate A.
  • ROTAVIRAL INFECTION Simple Choice Multiple Choice

    ROTAVIRAL INFECTION Simple Choice Multiple Choice

    ROTAVIRAL INFECTION Simple choice 1. Choose the most receptive age for rotavirus infection: A. Newborns B. Children after 5 years C. Children 6-36 months D. Adults E. Elderly people 2. Select the causative agent that commonly cause viral diarrhea in children: A. Enterovirus B. Herpesvirus C. Coronavirus D. Astrovirus E. Rotavirus 3. Specify the character of the stool in the case of rotavirus infection in children: A. Frequent, poor, with mucus and blood, false calls and tenesmus, B. Liquid, frequent, light, greenish, mucous C. Frequent, aqueous, light, undigested, golden yellow or whitish D. Sanguinolent (with liquid blood), hemolytic-uremic syndrome, toxic shock E. Liquid stools, abdominal pain, followed by asymmetric and hypotonic flaccid paralysis. 4. Choose the etiological diagnosis of rotavirus infection: A. Lumbar puncture B. Biochemical blood test C. Blood culture D. Detection of rotavirus antigen in faces by ELISA E. Collecting the anamnestic of the disease and the objective examination thoroughly 5. Choose the basic treatment of Rotavirus infection in children: A. Antibacterial drugs B. Oral Rehydration C. Probiotics with high content of lacto and bifidobacteria D. Spasmolytics E. Corticosteroids Multiple choice 1. Indicate the main pathogenic mechanisms for rotavirus infection: A. Ulcerative and fibrinous necrotic inflammation in the submucosal and muscular layers of the large intestine B. Disaccharides deficiency C. Disruption of ideal water transport, sodium, and absorption abatement D. Fibrous inflammation of the large intestine mucosa E. Destruction of small intestine epitheliocytes 2. Choose the clinical signs characteristic of rotavirus infection in children: A. Confluent macula-papular rash spread throughout the body B. Acute debut with fever, vomiting, moderate, permanent periumbilical abdominal pain C.
  • A Campylobacter Integrative and Conjugative Element with a CRISPR-Cas9

    A Campylobacter Integrative and Conjugative Element with a CRISPR-Cas9

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.01.446523; this version posted June 1, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. van Vliet et al. CRISPR-Cas on Campylobacter mobile elements A Campylobacter integrative and conjugative element with a CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting competing plasmids: a history of plasmid warfare? Arnoud H.M. van Vliet 1,*, Oliver Charity 2, Mark Reuter 2 1. School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. 2. Quadram Institute Bioscience, Microbes in the Food Chain programme, Norwich, United Kingdom. * Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7AL, United Kingdom. Phone +44-1483-684406, E-mail: [email protected] Running title: CRISPR-Cas on Campylobacter mobile elements Keywords: Campylobacter, mobile genetic elements, plasmids, CRISPR-Cas 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.01.446523; this version posted June 1, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. van Vliet et al. CRISPR-Cas on Campylobacter mobile elements 1 ABSTRACT 2 Microbial genomes are highly adaptable, with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as 3 integrative conjugative elements (ICE) mediating the dissemination of new genetic information 4 throughout bacterial populations.
  • Complete Genome Sequence of Arcobacter Nitrofigilis Type Strain (CIT)

    Complete Genome Sequence of Arcobacter Nitrofigilis Type Strain (CIT)

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Complete genome sequence of Arcobacter nitrofigilis type strain (CI). Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kk473v4 Journal Standards in genomic sciences, 2(3) ISSN 1944-3277 Authors Pati, Amrita Gronow, Sabine Lapidus, Alla et al. Publication Date 2010-06-15 DOI 10.4056/sigs.912121 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Standards in Genomic Sciences (2010) 2:300-308 DOI:10.4056/sigs.912121 Complete genome sequence of Arcobacter nitrofigilis type strain (CIT) Amrita Pati1, Sabine Gronow3, Alla Lapidus1, Alex Copeland1, Tijana Glavina Del Rio1, Matt Nolan1, Susan Lucas1, Hope Tice1, Jan-Fang Cheng1, Cliff Han1,2, Olga Chertkov1,2, David Bruce1,2, Roxanne Tapia1,2, Lynne Goodwin1,2, Sam Pitluck1, Konstantinos Liolios1, Natalia Ivanova1, Konstantinos Mavromatis1, Amy Chen4, Krishna Palaniappan4, Miriam Land1,5, Loren Hauser1,5, Yun-Juan Chang1,5, Cynthia D. Jeffries1,5, John C. Detter1,2, Manfred Rohde6, Markus Göker3, James Bristow1, Jonathan A. Eisen1,7, Victor Markowitz4, Philip Hugenholtz1, Hans-Peter Klenk3, and Nikos C. Kyrpides1* 1 DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA 2 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA 3 DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany 4 Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 5 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA 6 HZI – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany 7 University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, USA *Corresponding author: Nikos C. Kyrpides Keywords: symbiotic, Spartina alterniflora Loisel, nitrogen fixation, micro-anaerophilic, mo- tile, Campylobacteraceae, GEBA Arcobacter nitrofigilis (McClung et al.
  • Aliarcobacter Butzleri from Water Poultry: Insights Into Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence and Heavy Metal Resistance

    Aliarcobacter Butzleri from Water Poultry: Insights Into Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence and Heavy Metal Resistance

    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Aliarcobacter butzleri from Water Poultry: Insights into Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence and Heavy Metal Resistance Eva Müller, Mostafa Y. Abdel-Glil * , Helmut Hotzel, Ingrid Hänel and Herbert Tomaso Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 07743 Jena, Germany; Eva.Mueller@fli.de (E.M.); Helmut.Hotzel@fli.de (H.H.); [email protected] (I.H.); Herbert.Tomaso@fli.de (H.T.) * Correspondence: Mostafa.AbdelGlil@fli.de Received: 28 July 2020; Accepted: 16 September 2020; Published: 21 September 2020 Abstract: Aliarcobacter butzleri is the most prevalent Aliarcobacter species and has been isolated from a wide variety of sources. This species is an emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen because the bacteria can be transmitted by contaminated food or water and can cause acute enteritis in humans. Currently, there is no database to identify antimicrobial/heavy metal resistance and virulence-associated genes specific for A. butzleri. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance profile of two A. butzleri isolates from Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) reared on a water poultry farm in Thuringia, Germany, and to create a database to fill this capability gap. The taxonomic classification revealed that the isolates belong to the Aliarcobacter gen. nov. as A. butzleri comb. nov. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the gradient strip method. While one of the isolates was resistant to five antibiotics, the other isolate was resistant to only two antibiotics. The presence of antimicrobial/heavy metal resistance genes and virulence determinants was determined using two custom-made databases.
  • Evaluation of Epidemiology, Severity A

    Evaluation of Epidemiology, Severity A

    JOURNAL OF Journal of Contemporary CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE Medicine DOI: 10.16899/jcm.748023 J Contemp Med 2020;10(4):551-555 Orjinal Araştırma / Original Article Comparison of Community-Acquired Rotavirus Infection with Nosocomial Rotavirus Infection; Evaluation of Epidemiology, Severity and Economic Burdens Toplumdan Kazanılmış Rotavirüs Enfeksiyonunun Nozokomiyal Rotavirüs Enfeksiyonu ile Karşılaştırılması; Epidemiyoloji, Şiddet ve Ekonomik Yükünün Değerlendirilmesi Adnan Barutçu1, Saliha Barutçu2 1Halfeti State Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Şanlıurfa,Turkey 2Halfeti State Hospital Department of Family Medicine, Şanlıurfa, Turkey Abstract Öz Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic data of Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç, toplum kökenli rotavirüs (TKR) patients with community-acquired rotavirus (CAR) gastroenteritis, gastroenteritli hastaların demografik verilerini, nozokomiyal rotavirüs the incidence of patients with nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis gastroenteritli (NRG) hastaların insidansını, bu iki grubun hastanede (NRG), the length of hospitalization and direct costs of these two yatış sürelerini ve direkt maliyetlerini ve nozokomiyal enfeksiyonun groups, and the effect of NRG in pediatric patients. getirdiği ek maliyeti belirleyerek pediyatrik hastalarda NRG etkisini değerlendirmektir. Material and Method: The records of patients aged 0-144 months who were admitted to Halfeti State Hospital between July 2017 Gereç ve Yöntem: Temmuz 2017-Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında Halfeti Devlet Hastanesi’ ne başvuran 0-144
  • Fate of Arcobacter Spp. Upon Exposure to Environmental

    Fate of Arcobacter Spp. Upon Exposure to Environmental

    FATE OF ARCOBACTER SPP. UPON EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES AND PREDICTIVE MODEL DEVELOPMENT by ELAINE M. D’SA (Under the direction of Dr. Mark A. Harrison) ABSTRACT Growth and survival characteristics of two species of the ‘emerging’ pathogenic genus Arcobacter were determined. The optimal pH growth range of most A. butzleri (4 strains) and A. cryaerophilus (2 strains) was 6.0-7.0 and 7.0-7.5 respectively. The optimal NaCl growth range was 0.09-0.5 % (A. butzleri) and 0.5-1.0% (A. cryaerophilus), while growth limits were 0.09-3.5% and 0.09-3.0% for A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus, respectively. A. butzleri 3556, 3539 and A. cryaerophilus 1B were able to survive at NaCl concentrations of up to 5% for 48 h at 25°C, but the survival limit dropped to 3.5-4.0% NaCl after 96 h. Thermal tolerance studies on three strains of A. butzleri determined that the D-values at pH 7.3 had a range of 0.07-0.12 min (60°C), 0.38-0.76 min (55°C) and 5.12-5.81 min (50°C). At pH 5.5, thermotolerance decreased under the synergistic effects of heat and acidity. D-values decreased for strains 3556 and 3257 by 26-50% and 21- 66%, respectively, while the reduction for strain 3494 was lower: 0-28%. Actual D- values of the three strains at pH 5.5 had a range of 0.03-0.11 (60°C), 0.30-0.42 (55°C) and 1.97-4.42 (50°C).
  • Mariem Joan Wasan Oloroso

    Mariem Joan Wasan Oloroso

    Interactions between Arcobacter butzleri and free-living protozoa in the context of sewage & wastewater treatment by Mariem Joan Wasan Oloroso A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health University of Alberta © Mariem Joan Wasan Oloroso, 2021 Abstract Water reuse is increasingly becoming implemented as a sustainable water management strategy in areas around the world facing freshwater shortages and nutrient discharge limits. However, there are a host of biological hazards that must be assessed prior to and following the introduction of water reuse schemes. Members of the genus Arcobacter are close relatives to the well-known foodborne campylobacter pathogens and are increasingly being recognized as emerging human pathogens of concern. Arcobacters are prevalent in numerous water environments due to their ability to survive in a wide range of conditions. They are particularly abundant in raw sewage and are able to survive wastewater treatment and disinfection processes, which marks this genus as a potential pathogen of concern for water quality. Because the low levels of Arcobacter excreted by humans do not correlate with the high levels of Arcobacter spp. present in raw sewage, it was hypothesised that other microorganisms in sewage may amplify the growth of Arcobacter species. There is evidence that Arcobacter spp. survive both within and on the surface of free-living protozoa (FLP). As such, this thesis investigated the idea that Arcobacter spp. may be growing within free-living protozoa also prevalent in raw sewage and providing them with protection during treatment and disinfection processes.