E2072 Public Disclosure Authorized
Government of Balochistan
Local Service Delivery and Governance Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
Environmental and Social Management Framework Document Reference: BLG-ESMF - Final.doc
Public Disclosure Authorized Jan 2009
Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Executive Summary
The Government of Balochistan (GoB), with support from its development partners (including the World Bank), plans to extend the Performance Grant System (PGS) and other funding modalities to the Tehsil Municipal Administrations (TMAs) and Union Administrations (UAs), for expanded service delivery and basic infrastructure development as well as governance improvement across the province. In order to address the environmental and social issues associated with the subprojects and developmental schemes likely to be implemented by the TMAs and UAs using these enhanced development grants, the present environmental and social framework (ESMF) has been developed.
Objectives of ESMF The objective of this ESMF is to develop a system and build-up the capacity of the TMAs and UAs to identify and mitigate the potential environmental and social impacts of the subprojects and service delivery functions. The ESMF has been developed as an environmental and social screening tool to be used by the TMAs and UAs during the subproject planning stage. The ESMF also provides generic mitigation measures to be implemented during the implementation stage, in order to address the environmental and social impacts caused by these subprojects and service delivery functions.
Study Methodology The ESMF was developed following the relevant aspects of the environmental and social assessment methodology prescribed by the national and international agencies, including Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency and WB. The ESMF development process was highly participatory and consultations with the TMA/UA officials, elected local representatives, community members and the NGOs working in the communities were consulted, in order to make the environmental and social management system relevant to the ground realities, and local capacities.
Regulatory Framework The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act of 1997 is the apex legislation governing environmental and social aspects of the development projects and municipal service delivery functions. The WB safeguard policies relevant to the proposed initiative include Operating Policy 4.01 (Environmental Assessment), and Operating Policy 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement).
Environmental and Social Management of TMA/UA Subprojects and Service Delivery Functions The present ESMF provides a simple procedure to address the environmental and social impacts of the TMA and UA subprojects and service delivery functions. The procedure includes initial screening to determine the type of environmental assessment to be carried out for each individual subproject. After the initial screening, the subprojects are categorized as having high sensitivity, moderate sensitivity and low sensitivity with respect to their environmental and social aspects. For the projects categorized as having high and moderate
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sensitivity, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) studies, respectively, would need to be carried out. However, very few of the TMA and UA subprojects are likely to fall in these categories, and almost all of these subprojects are expected to have low environmental and social sensitivity. For such subprojects (having low sensitivity), the environmental and social review will be carried out, with the help of checklists. These checklists provide likely environmental and social impacts associated with the most common development subprojects, and also recommend generic mitigation measures to address these negative impacts. These checklists also include mitigation measures to address the environmental and social impacts of the service delivery functions at the UA and TMA levels.
The ESMF defines organizational structure and roles and responsibilities of TMA and UA officials and other relevant personnel in order to implement the environmental and social management procedure discussed above. The Tehsil Officer (Infrastructure and Service) of each TMA, and the Secretary of each UA, have been assigned environmental and social focal pointing responsibilities. In addition, the ESMF proposes appointment of the Environmental and Social Coordinator (ESC) as part of the Project Cell (PC) of the proposed project. The ESC will be responsible for providing technical support and backstopping to the TMAs and UAs, as well as fulfilling their capacity building needs.
The Framework also provides the consultation strategy, community participation mechanism, gender mainstreaming and conflict resolution system for the environmental and social aspects of the proposed project. The ESMF also defines the awareness raising and capacity building needs, with respect to the environmental and social aspects of the development subprojects and service delivery functions, and presents a plan to fulfill these needs.
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Acronyms
ARP Abbreviated Resettlement Plan BEPA Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency BHU Basic Health Unit BLGO Balochistan Local Government Ordinance BOD Biological oxygen demand BRDRS Balochistan Rural Development and Research Society BRSP Balochistan Rural Support Program CBO Community based organization CCB Citizen community board COD Chemical oxygen demand DCO District Coordination Officer DFID Department for International Development DO Dissolved oxygen DTCE Devolution Trust for Community Empowerment ECA Employment of Child Act EDO Executive District Officer EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESC Environmental and Social Coordinator ESFP Environmental and Social Focal Point ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESR Environmental and Social Review FY Fiscal year GoB Government of Balochistan Ha Hectare IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFC International Finance Corporation IPDP Indigenous People Development Plan IPM Integrated pest management LAA Land Acquisition Act (of 1894) LEAD Leadership for Environment and Development LGO Local Government Ordinance NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards NGO Non Governmental Organization NOx Oxides of nitrogen NWFP North Western Frontier Province OP Operational Policy O&M Operation and Maintenance
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Pak-EPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency PAPs Project affected persons PC Project Cell PEPC Pakistan Environmental Protection Council PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act PGS Performance Grant System PM Particulate matter P&DD Planning and Development Department RH Relative humidity RHC Rural Health Center RP Resettlement Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SIA Social Impact Assessment TDS Total dissolved solids TMA Tehsil Municipal Administration TMO Tehsil Municipal Officer TO Tehsil Officer TO (I&S) Tehsil Officer (Infrastructure and Services) UA Union Administration UC Union Council WB World Bank WBG World Bank Group WESS Water, Environment, Sanitation Society WHO World Health Organization WPS Women Political Schools
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Contents
Executive Summary ...... iii Acronyms...... v 1 Introduction ...... 1-1 1.1 Background ...... 1-1 1.2 Objective and Scope of ESMF...... 1-2 1.3 Study Methodology ...... 1-3 1.4 Document Structure...... 1-4 2 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework...... 2-1 2.1 The World Bank Operational Policies...... 2-1 2.2 Laws and Regulations...... 2-6 2.3 National Institutional Setup for Environmental Management ...... 2-15 2.4 Environmental and Social Guidelines ...... 2-16 3 Description of Project...... 3-1 3.1 Performance Grant System for TMAs and UAs...... 3-1 3.2 Development Schemes and Service Delivery Functions - TMAs.... 3-2 3.3 Development Schemes – UAs ...... 3-5 4 Stakeholder Consultations...... 4-1 4.1 Objectives ...... 4-1 4.2 Stakeholder Identification and Analysis...... 4-1 4.3 Consultation Process...... 4-2 4.4 Consultations with Institutional Stakeholders...... 4-2 4.5 Grassroot Stakeholders Consultations ...... 4-3 5 Environmental and Social Management ...... 5-1 5.1 Environmental and Social Impacts and their Mitigation...... 5-1 5.2 Environmental and Social Management Procedures ...... 5-1 5.3 ESMF Implementation...... 5-6 5.4 Organizational Structure, Roles and Responsibilities ...... 5-6 5.5 Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting...... 5-7 5.6 Consultation and Disclosure Strategy...... 5-8 5.7 Community Participation ...... 5-9 5.8 Gender Mainstreaming...... 5-10 5.9 Grievance Redressal Mechanism...... 5-11 5.10 Capacity Building Needs ...... 5-11 5.11 Cost of Environmental and Social Management...... 5-12 5.12 ESMF Review...... 5-12
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Appendices
Appendix A: Stakeholder Consulted
Appendix B: Environmental and Social Manual for TMAs
Appendix C: Environmental and Social Manual for UAs
Exhibits
Exhibit 2.1: Protected Areas in Balochistan...... 2-17 Exhibit 2.2: Sites of Archeological and Historical Significance ...... 2-19 Exhibit 2.3: Selected NEQS for Waste Effluents ...... 2-20 Exhibit 2.4: NEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emissions ...... 2-21 Exhibit 2.5: NEQS for Motor Vehicles Exhaust and Noise ...... 2-22 Exhibit 2.6: WHO Drinking Water Quality Standards...... 2-23 Exhibit 2.7: Ambient Air Quality Guidelines...... 2-24 Exhibit 2.8: Indicative Values for Treated Sanitary Sewage Discharges ...... 2-25 Exhibit 5.1: Environmental and Social Issues Associated with Development Schemes and Service Delivery Functions...... 5-13 Exhibit 5.2: Participation, Consultation and Disclosure Framework...... 5-29 Exhibit 5.3: Environmental and Social Awareness Raising and Capacity Building Plan...... 5-31 Exhibit 5.4: Resettlement Policy Framework ...... 5-32 Exhibit 5.5: Waste Disposal Guidelines...... 5-36
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1 Introduction
The Government of Balochistan (GoB), with support of its development partners (including the World Bank), plans to extend the Performance Grant System (PGS) and other funding modalities to the Tehsil1 Municipal Administrations (TMAs) and Union2 Administrations (UAs), for expanded service delivery and basic infrastructure development as well as governance improvement across the province. In order to address the environmental and social issues associated with the subprojects and developmental schemes likely to be implemented by the TMAs and UAs using these enhanced development grants, the environmental and social framework (ESMF) has been developed. This document presents this ESMF.
1.1 Background
Like other provinces in Pakistan, Balochistan began to introduce significant changes to the sub-provincial fiscal and institutional framework, as part of the devolution reform initiated in 2001. This is an ongoing process, with important recent milestones being the introduction of the 2005 amendments to the Local Government Ordinance, and the introduction of the PGS for the local governments in FY 2005-06.
The GoB is extending and deepening its reform agenda particularly with respect to the sub- provincial fiscal system. Specifically, the provincial government seeks to strengthen the PGS and other funding modalities, so as to (a) provide resources which will allow local governments to expand service delivery and basic infrastructure development; and (b) provide local governments with both the incentive and means for broad-based governance improvement throughout the province, entailing enhancement of their institutional capacities and accountability. In this connection, the World Bank (WB), with funding support from the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), has agreed to provide technical assistance to the provincial government. The technical assistance involves the following broad components:
X An assessment of the TMAs and UAs in Balochistan
X An assessment of the capacity to build capacity which is or may be accessible to these local governments
X An assessment of the provincial government’s capacity to administer enhanced grant flows to the local governments and play related roles in the province
X A social assessment. On the basis of the above assessments, the project for the enhanced performance grant flows to the TMAs and UAs will be designed.
1 Tehsil: subdivision of a district. 2 Union: subdivision of a tehsil, comprising of one or more revenue estate.
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1.2 Objective and Scope of ESMF
The present ESMF has been developed in order to address the environmental and social issues that may arise as a result of the infrastructure development and expanded service delivery that will be initiated with the help of the enhanced performance grant flows to the TMAs and UAs.3 Since comparatively small in size and various types of infrastructure development and service delivery schemes will be planned and implemented by the TMAs and UAs, a separate environmental and social assessment for each individual subproject has not been carried out. Rather, the present Framework has been developed, which provides a set of procedures and mechanism for ensuring that the legal and policy requirements relating to these matters on the one hand, and WB safeguard requirements on the other, are addressed while planning and implementing these subprojects and service delivery functions.
The objective of this ESMF is to develop a system and build-up the capacity of the TMAs and UAs to identify and mitigate the potential environmental and social impacts of the development works and service delivery functions mandated to them under the BLGO. The ESMF has been developed as an environmental and social screening tool to be used by the TMAs and UAs during the subproject planning stage. The ESMF also provides generic mitigation measures to be implemented during the implementation stage, in order to address the environmental and social impacts caused by these subprojects. These checklists also provide mitigation measures to address the environmental and social impacts of the service delivery functions at the UA and TMA levels. Specifically, the ESMF:
(i) assesses the potential environmental and social (including resettlement) impacts of the types of subprojects to be implemented, and service delivery functions to be performed by TMAs and UAs;
(ii) provides a standards screening mechanism to be applied to these projects to ensure that the environmental and social safeguard policies of both the government and WB are not infringed;
(iii) proposes generic mitigation measures to deal with the unavoidable environmental and social consequences of such development subprojects and service delivery functions;
(iv) makes recommendations as to how the organizational structure of TMAs and UAs accommodate social and environmental issues;
(v) Identifies capacity buildings needs of the TMAs and UAs for effective environmental and social management of subprojects and service delivery functions; and
(vi) outlines the documentation and reporting requirements of these projects.
3 Though the present ESMF has been developed for the TMA’s and UA’s subprojects/service delivery functions to be funded by the PGS, however, the Framework will be applicable for all subprojects/service delivery functions mandated to these local governments under the BLGO.
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1.3 Study Methodology
The key steps that were followed while developing the present ESMF are briefly described below.
Scoping During this phase, key information on the development projects that would be implemented by TMAs and UAs was collected and reviewed. The ESMFs of other similar projects were obtained and reviewed. In addition, national legislations as well as WB safeguard policies on environmental and social issues were reviewed. Subsequently, a ‘long list’ of the potential environmental and social issues likely to arise as a result of the development projects likely to be undertaken by TMAs and UAs was prepared. The stakeholder analysis was also carried out for the consultation to be carried out subsequently.
Stakeholder Consultation Stakeholder consultation was the key component of the study. Meetings were held in Islamabad and Quetta with the institutional stakeholders and key environmental and social issues were discussed. Consultations were carried out with the TMA and UA staff, as well as the community members, at the selected districts of the Balochistan province. An attempt was made to cover different types of the TMAs in the province (ie, strong, average and weak TMAs4), as well as the various ethno-geographical regions of Balochistan. Consultations with women of the area were also held. The main objective of the consultations was to discuss with the key stakeholders the environmental and social aspects of the development projects to be undertaken by TMAs and UAs, and ways and means to address these impacts (Appendix A provides the list of the stakeholders consulted during the present study).
Impact Assessment and Development of Screening Mechanism During the impact assessment, the project information collected in previous steps was used to determine the potential impacts of the types of developmental schemes to be undertaken by TMAs and UAs with the help of enhanced development grant flows. Generic mitigation measures were identified where required to minimize these impacts.
Subsequent to the above, a simple environmental and social screening mechanism was developed to be used by TMAs and UAs, in order to categorize each individual development subproject with respect to its environmental and social significance, then to determine the type of environmental and social assessment to be carried out for each development scheme, and finally to determine the mitigation measures to be implemented during the planning, development and implementation stages of such subprojects. Determining Roles and Responsibilities, and Capacity Building Needs After impact assessment and development of the screening mechanism described above, roles and responsibilities were determined for the environmental and social aspects of the subprojects to be undertaken by TMAs and UAs. This was carried out with the help of the
4 The TMAs in the province were categorized during the assessment of the local governments in the Balochistan Province. (Inception Report. Technical Assistance to the Government of Balochistan on Sub- Provincial Fiscal Framework. Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited. April 2007.)
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inputs obtained from the TMA/UA staff during the stakeholder consultations. Finally, the capacity building needs in the context of environmental and social management of the subprojects were determined.
1.4 Document Structure
Chapter 2 (Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework) reviews the legislation and institutional setup relevant to the environmental and social management in the country, and also discusses the WB safeguard policies applicable to the TMA/UA subprojects.
Chapter 3 (Description of Development Activities) provides brief description of the development subprojects to be implemented by TMAs and UAs.
Chapter 4 (Stakeholder Consultations) provides the objectives, process and outcome of the stakeholder consultations conducted as part of the present study.
Chapter 5 (Environmental and Social Management) identifies potential negative impacts of the development subprojects on the physical, social and biological environment, proposes mitigation measures to reduce these impacts, and describes environmental and social management procedures to be implemented during development and execution of the subprojects, and operation of the service delivery functions.
Appendix A (Stakeholder Consulted) provides a list of the stakeholders consulted during the present assignment.
Appendix B (Environmental and Social Manual for TMAs) provides the environmental and social management procedures to be implemented by the TMAs for their subprojects.
Finally, Appendix C (Environmental and Social Manual for UAs) provides the environmental and social management procedures to be implemented by the UAs for their subprojects.
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2 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework
This Chapter discusses the policy, legal and administrative framework as well as institutional set-up relevant to the environmental and social aspects of the development subprojects that TMAs and UAs will undertake. Also included in the Chapter are the environmental and social guidelines from the national agencies as well as international donors and other organizations.
2.1 The World Bank Operational Policies
The WB Operating Policies (OPs) relevant to the TMA’s and UA’s development projects are discussed in the following sections.
2.1.1 Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making.5 The OP defines the EA process and various types of the EA instruments.
The development subprojects will consist of activities which may have environmental and social consequences, including:
Damage to assets (such as crops),
Loss of land,
Deterioration of air quality,
Water contamination and consumption,
Damage to top soil, land erosion,
Safety hazard. The present ESMF has been developed in response to this OP, and addresses the above- listed potential impacts of the development projects.
Project Categorization: The Bank classifies the project it finances into one of the following four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts:
(a) Category A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. For a Category A project, the borrower is responsible for preparing a report, normally an EIA (or a suitably comprehensive regional or sectoral EA).
(b) Category B: A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas—
5 Excerpts from WB OP 4.01. WB Operational Manual. January 1999.
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including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats—are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigatory measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. The scope of EA for a Category B project may vary from project to project, but it is narrower than that of Category A EA.
(c) Category C: A proposed project is classified as Category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C project.
(d) Category FI: A proposed project is classified as Category FI if it involves investment of Bank funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that may result in adverse environmental impacts.
In view of the nature and small size of the individual subprojects and service delivery functions at the tehsil and union levels, their adverse impacts on natural and human environment are not expected to be very severe and extensive. Hence, the proposed project has been classified as Category B.
2.1.2 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) The WB’s experience indicates that involuntary resettlement under development projects, if unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and environmental risks: production systems are dismantled; people face impoverishment when their productive assets or income sources are lost; people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks are weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help are diminished or lost. This policy includes safeguards to address and mitigate these impoverishment risks.6
The overall objectives of the Policy are given below.
Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs.
Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs.
Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.
The Policy defines the requirement of preparing a resettlement plan or a resettlement policy framework, in order to address the involuntary resettlement.
6 Excerpts from WB OP 4.12. WB Operational Manual. December 2001.
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For the development subprojects such as water supply schemes, land may need to be acquired, resulting in involuntary resettlement. Similarly, crops may be damaged as a result of development activities, such as water pipe laying or excavation for drainage channel construction.
In view of the above, the OP 4.12 will be triggered, and pursuant to this OP, a resettlement policy framework has been developed and provided in this ESMF (see Chapter 5).
2.1.3 Forestry (OP 4.36) The objective of this Policy is to assist the WB’s borrowers to harness the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively into sustainable economic development, and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests.
Most of the development schemes will be located well outside the forested areas of the province. The limited number of the development schemes that may be located inside or in the vicinity of the forests, are unlikely to have any significant adverse impacts on the forest resources, given the small size and nature of the individual development schemes. In addition, appropriate mitigation measures will be incorporated in the design of the subprojects, in order to further reduce if not eliminate any adverse impacts these schemes may have on the forest resources. Hence the OP 4.36 is not triggered.
2.1.4 Natural Habitat (OP 4.04) The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The WB therefore supports the protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and their functions … 7
The development subprojects to be implemented by TMAs and UAs will be located in areas where the natural habitat has already been significantly modified, as a result of human habitation, cultivation and associated activities. In addition, appropriate mitigation measures will be incorporated in the design of the subprojects, in order to further reduce any adverse impacts these schemes may have on the natural habitat. Furthermore, in case any development scheme is located inside any protected areas, a separate environmental assessment will be carried out (see Exhibit 2.1 for the list of the protected areas in the province). Therefore the OP 4.04 is not triggered for the TMA’s and UA’s development subprojects.
2.1.5 Pest Management (OP 4.09) Through this OP, the WB supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides.
The subprojects to be implemented by TMAs and UAs will not include activities that involve usage of chemical pesticides, hence this OP is not triggered.
7 Excerpts from WB OP 4.04. WB Operational Manual. June 2001.
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2.1.6 Safety of Dams (OP 4.37) The Policy seeks to ensure that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for the safety of dams the WB finances. However this OP is not triggered since the development schemes and subprojects to be implemented by TMAs and UAs do not include development of irrigation schemes or construction of dams.
2.1.7 Projects on International Waterways (OP 7.50) This OP defines the procedure to be followed for projects the WB finances that are located on any water body that forms a boundary between, or flows through two or more states. There are a few waterways in Balochistan which flow to/from Afghanistan (such as Pishin Lora). However, the TMA and UA subprojects do not include irrigation schemes, as described above. Hence this OP is not triggered.
2.1.8 Cultural Property (OP 4.11) The World Bank’s general policy regarding cultural properties is to assist in their preservation, and to seek to avoid their elimination. The specific aspects of the Policy are given below. 8
The Bank normally declines to finance projects that will significantly damage non- replicable cultural property, and will assist only those projects that are sited or designed so as to prevent such damage.
The Bank will assist in the protection and enhancement of cultural properties encountered in Bank-financed projects, rather than leaving that protection to chance. In some cases, the project is best relocated in order that sites and structures can be preserved, studied, and restored intact in situ. In other cases, structures can be relocated, preserved, studied, and restored on alternate sites. Often, scientific study, selective salvage, and museum preservation before destruction is all that is necessary. Most such projects should include the training and strengthening of institutions entrusted with safeguarding a nation’s cultural patrimony. Such activities should be directly included in the scope of the project, rather than being postponed for some possible future action, and the costs are to be internalized in computing overall project costs.
Deviations from this policy may be justified only where expected project benefits are great, and the loss of or damage to cultural property is judged by competent authorities to be unavoidable, minor, or otherwise acceptable. Specific details of the justification should be discussed in project documents.
This policy pertains to any project in which the Bank is involved, irrespective of whether the Bank is itself financing the part of the project that may affect cultural property. Through the use of the environmental and social screening matrix, it will be ensured that the development schemes under the proposed program are not located at or in the immediate vicinity of any known site of archeological, cultural or historical significance (Exhibit 2.2 provides a list of such sites in Balochistan).
8 Excerpts from the OPN 11.03. WB Operational Manual. September 1986.
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However, in case of discovery of any sites or artifacts of historical, cultural, archeological or religious significance during the project execution, the work will be stopped at that site. The cultural property will be protected from damage, the provincial and federal archeological departments will be notified immediately, and their advice sought prior to resumption of any further construction activities in these sites.
2.1.9 Indigenous People (OP 4.10) For purposes of this policy, the term “Indigenous Peoples” is used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees:9
self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others;
collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories;
customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and
an indigenous language, often different from the official language of the country or region. The OP defines the process to be followed if the project affects the indigenous people.
No indigenous people - with a social and cultural identity distinct from the dominant society that makes them vulnerable to being disadvantaged in the development process – are known to exist in the Balochistan province. Therefore this OP is not triggered.
However if such groups are identified during the project implementation, the proponents will develop an Indigenous People Development Plan (IPDP), in compliance with the OP and get it approved by the Bank.
2.1.10 Projects in Disputed Areas (OP 7.60) Projects in disputed areas may raise a number of delicate problems affecting relations not only between the Bank and its member countries, but also between the borrower and one or more neighboring countries. In order not to prejudice the position of either the Bank or the countries concerned, any dispute over an area in which a proposed project is located is dealt with at the earliest possible stage.
The Bank may proceed with a project in a disputed area if the governments concerned agree that, pending the settlement of the dispute, the project proposed for country A should go forward without prejudice to the claims of country B. 10
No disputed areas exist in the province, hence this OP is not triggered.
9 Excerpts from the OP 4.10. WB Operational Manual. July 2005. 10 Excerpts from the OP 7.60. WB Operational Manual. November 1994.
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2.1.11 Disclosure of Project Document Whenever the Bank requires an environmental assessment (EA), the proposed borrower prepares an EA report as a separate, free-standing document. The EA report is publicly available (a) after the borrower has made the draft EA report available at a public place accessible to project-affected groups and local NGOs in accordance with OP/BP 4.01, Environmental Assessment, and (b) after such EA report has been officially received by the Bank, but before the Bank begins formal appraisal of the project.11
In line with Policy (and the requirements of the national law –discussed later in the Chapter), this ESMF will be disclosed to all the stakeholders before the commencement of the proposed project.
2.1.12 Applicability of Safeguard Policies Applicability of the WB safeguard policies – on the basis of the discussion in Sections 2.1.1 to 2.1.11 above - with respect to the environmental and social issues associated with the proposed project is summarized below.
Operational Policy Triggered Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) Yes Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) Yes Forestry (OP 4.36) No Natural Habitat (OP 4.04) No Pest Management (OP 4.09) No Safety of Dams (OP 4.37) No Projects in International Waterways No (OP 7.50) Cultural Property (OP 4.11) No Indigenous People (OP 4.10) No Projects in Disputed Area (7.60) No Disclosure of Project Information Yes
2.2 Laws and Regulations
Pakistan’s statute books contain a number of laws concerned with the regulation and control of the environmental and social aspects. However, the enactment of comprehensive legislation on the environment, in the form of an act of parliament, is a relatively new phenomenon. Most of the existing laws on environmental and social issues have been enforced over an extended period of time, and are context-specific. The laws relevant to the developmental projects are briefly reviewed below.
11 Excerpts from the World Bank Policy on Disclosure of Information. June 2002.
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2.2.1 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (the Act) is the basic legislative tool empowering the government to frame regulations for the protection of the environment (the ‘environment’ has been defined in the Act as: (a) air, water and land; (b) all layers of the atmosphere; (c) all organic and inorganic matter and living organisms; (d) the ecosystem and ecological relationships; (e) buildings, structures, roads, facilities and works; (f) all social and economic conditions affecting community life; and (g) the inter-relationships between any of the factors specified in sub-clauses ‘a’ to ‘f’). The Act is applicable to a broad range of issues and extends to socioeconomic aspects, land acquisition, air, water, soil, marine and noise pollution, as well as the handling of hazardous waste. The discharge or emission of any effluent, waste, air pollutant or noise in an amount, concentration or level in excess of the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) specified by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) has been prohibited under the Act, and penalties have been prescribed for those contravening the provisions of the Act. The powers of the federal and provincial Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs), established under the Pakistan 12 Environmental Protection Ordinance 1983, have also been considerably enhanced under this legislation and they have been given the power to conduct inquiries into possible breaches of environmental law either of their own accord, or upon the registration of a complaint.
The requirement for environmental assessment is laid out in Section 12 (1) of the Act. Under this section, no project involving construction activities or any change in the physical environment can be undertaken unless an initial environmental examination (IEE) or an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is conducted, and approval is received from the federal or relevant provincial EPA. Section 12 (6) of the Act states that this provision is applicable only to such categories of projects as may be prescribed. The categories are defined in the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 and are discussed in Section 2.2.2 below.
The requirement of conducting an environmental assessment of the proposed project emanates from this Act.
2.2.2 Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 200013 (the ‘Regulations’), developed by the Pak-EPA under the powers conferred upon it by the Act, provide the necessary details on preparation, submission and review of the IEE and the EIA. Categorization of projects for IEE and EIA is one of the main components of the Regulations. Projects have been classified on the basis of expected degree of adverse environmental impacts. Project types listed in Schedule I are designated as potentially less damaging to the environment, and those listed in Schedule II as having potentially serious adverse effects. Schedule I projects require an IEE to be conducted, provided they are not located in environmentally sensitive areas. For the Schedule II projects, conducting an EIA is necessary.
12 Superseded by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997. 13 S.R.O. 339 (1)/2001. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Islamabad. 2000.
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Most of the development schemes to be undertaken by TMAs and UAs are unlikely to fall in any of the above described schedules, given their small size and nature. However, the screening mechanism devised for these schemes and provided in the present ESMF will nonetheless address this aspect, and if any of the development schemes falls under Schedule I or Schedule II, IEE or EIA will be conducted as applicable, in accordance with these Regulations.
2.2.3 National and International Environmental Standards
National Standards The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), promulgated under the PEPA 1997, specify the following standards:
Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (16 parameters) in gaseous emissions from industrial sources,
Maximum permissible limits for motor vehicle exhaust and noise,
For power plants operating on oil and coal:
X Maximum allowable emission of sulfur dioxide,
X Maximum allowable increment in concentration of sulfur dioxide in ambient air,
X Maximum allowable concentration of nitrogen oxides in ambient air, and
X Maximum allowable emission of nitrogen oxide for steam generators as function of heat input.
Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (32 parameters) in municipal and liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment and sea (three separate set of numbers). Selected NEQS for liquid effluents discharged to inland waters, gaseous emission from industrial sources and emissions from motor vehicles are provided in Exhibits 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5, respectively. These standards will be applicable to the gaseous emissions and liquid effluents discharged to the environment from the development subprojects undertaken by TMAs and UAs.
International Standards The NEQS do not cover the ambient air quality or water quality standards. The international standards for the drinking water quality, ambient air quality and waste effluents are presented in Exhibits 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8, respectively.
For noise, the NEQS are limited to the vehicular noise. For noise generated by other sources, the WB standards are usually applied. The allowable noise limits per these standards are 55 dB(A) for daytime and 45 dB(A) for nighttime, measured at the receptor.
2.2.4 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 The Land Acquisition Act (LAA) of 1894 amended from time to time has been the de-facto policy governing land acquisition and compensation in the country. The LAA is the most commonly used law for acquisition of land and other properties for development projects. It
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comprises of 55 sections pertaining to area notifications and surveys, acquisition, compensation and apportionment awards and disputes resolution, penalties and exemptions. Under this Act, only legal owners and tenants officially registered with the Land Revenue Department or possessing formal lease agreements are considered “eligible” for land compensation. Furthermore, the Act does not cover any loss of livelihood such as crop damage.
As stated earlier in Section 2.1.2, for the development subprojects such as water supply schemes, land may need to be acquired, resulting in involuntary resettlement. Similarly, crops may be damaged as a result of development activities, such as water pipe laying or excavation for drainage channel construction.
2.2.5 Pakistan Telegraph Act, 1885 This law was enacted to define the authority and responsibility of the telegraph authority. The law covers among other activities installation and maintenance of telegraph lines and poles. The Act determines the mechanism to determine and make payment of the compensation associated with the installation of telegraph lines and poles. Under this Act, the land under the pole is not acquired (or purchased) from the owner. The compensation is paid to the owner for any damage to structure, crop or tree that may exist at the location where pole is to be erected.
This Act will be applicable to the erection of lighting poles as part of the street lighting subprojects. In the unlikely event of erection of lighting towers under the proposed project, it will be ensured that the land under such towers remains available to the owner for gainful purposes/productive use (such as cultivation). Should the land under such towers become unavailable for productive use by the owner, it will be purchased by the project/TMA/UA, or acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, after paying mutually agreed, market-based price (in such event, the emergency clause of the LAA will not be used in the absence of emergency, and the land owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land).
2.2.6 Balochistan Groundwater Rights Administration Ordinance, 1978 The objective of this Ordinance was to regulate the use of groundwater and to administer the rights of the various persons involved. The ordinance established the procedures and framework within the district level administration to issues permits for the development of new karezes14, dug wells and tube wells. The relevant authorities, identified by the Ordinance, were the District Water Committees, composed of the Deputy Commissioner, the district heads of the Irrigation and Agriculture departments as well as appointed local notables.
The Ordinance provided a legal and institutional framework for local resource management by involving the local administration, as well as tribal leaders, and allowing flexibility in determining the rules for the use of ground water as a common property. However, the main shortcoming of the existing ordinance has been the lack of involvement of local communities in the implementation and formulation of ground water management rules. Furthermore, the
14 Karezes are long man-made tunnels, gently sloping, from the water source to the daylight point. This water source may be water table in the fans at the bottom of the mountains; water in gravels beneath a nullah bed, or springs in the mountainside. Vertical shafts are dug at intervals along the kareze to provide access for removal of the excavated material and air for ventilation, during construction and maintenance.
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implementation of the ordinance has failed totally as it has not managed to put in place an effective system to regulate the use of ground water in Balochistan.
2.2.7 Balochistan Canal and Drainage Ordinance, 1980 The Balochistan Canal and Drainage Ordinance, 1980 entitled the provincial government to use and control for public purposes the water of all rivers and streams flowing in natural channels, all of lake, sub-soil and other natural collection of still water.
2.2.8 Balochistan Water User Association Ordinance, 1981 The Balochistan Water User Association Ordinance provides a law for the formation, operation and promotion of Water User Associations (WUA) in the province. The Ordinance makes it obligatory for the farmers to organize themselves into WUAs for collective action and related to watercourse rehabilitation and its systematic maintenance.
2.2.9 Balochistan Wildlife Protection Act, 1974 This law was enacted to protect the province’s wildlife resources directly and other natural resources indirectly. It classifies wildlife by degree of protection, ie, animals that may be hunted on a permit or special license, and species that are protected and cannot be hunted under any circumstances. The Act specifies restrictions on hunting and trade in animals, trophies, or meat. The Act also defines various categories of wildlife protected areas, ie, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Game Reserve (listed in Exhibit 2.1).
The provisions of this Act will be applicable to the proposed subprojects to be implemented by TMAs and UAs. The subprojects will avoid the protected areas as defined by the Act as far as possible (further discussed in Section 5.2)
2.2.10 Forest Act, 1927 The Act authorizes Provincial Forest Departments to establish forest reserves and protected forests. The Act prohibits any person to set fire in the forest, quarries stone, removes any forest-produce or cause any damage to the forest by cutting trees or clearing up area for cultivation or any other purpose.
The provisions of this Act will be applicable to the proposed subprojects to be implemented by TMAs and UAs.
2.2.11 Canal and Drainage Act, 1873 The Canal and Drainage Act (1873) prohibits corruption or fouling of water in canals (defined to include channels, tube wells, reservoirs and watercourses), or obstruction of drainage.
The provisions of the Canal and Drainage Act will be applicable to the proposed subprojects to be implemented by TMAs and UAs.
2.2.12 Balochistan Local Government Ordinances, 2001 Under the countrywide devolution programme, the Local Governments structure was introduced in the Province through the Balochistan Local Government Ordinance 2001 (BLGO 2001) (Ordinance XVIII of 2001). The new local governments are Zila Councils and
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District Governments, City District Governments in the four provincial capitals, Tehsil Councils and Tehsil/Town Municipal Administrations (TMA) and Union Councils and Union Administrations. The BLGO 2001 provides clear functional jurisdiction for different local governments.
District Government The District Government comprises of the Zila Nazim and the District Administration. In a major act of decentralization, the administrative and financial authority of the following offices was decentralized from the provincial government to the district governments:
X Agriculture (Extension);
X Livestock;
X On-Farm Water Management;
X Soil Conservation;
X Soil Fertility;
X Fisheries;
X Forests;
X District Roads and Buildings;
X Transport; Labor;
X Social Welfare;
X Sports and Culture;
X Cooperatives;
X Civil Defense;
X Boys Schools;
X Girls Schools;
X Technical Education;
X Special Education;
X Accounts (excluding District Accounts Offices);
X Basic & Rural Health;
X Child and Woman Health;
X Population Welfare;
X Hospitals;
X Environment;
X Executive Magistracy;
X Land Revenue;
X Estate;
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X Excise and Taxation;
X Housing Urban and Physical Planning and Public Health Engineering; and
X Local Government and Rural Development. The decentralized offices have been grouped together as the “groups of offices” headed by an Executive District Officer (EDO). The authority of the District Government comprises the management and control of offices of the Departments, which are decentralized to it provided that the District Government shall exercise such authority within the district in accordance with the general policy of the Government.
The District Government is responsible to the people and the Government for improvement of governance and delivery of services within the ambit of the authority decentralized to it under the BLGO 2001. Feedback in the form of bi-monthly and monthly reports, as per time-to-time instructions, is sent by the district offices (e.g., agriculture, livestock, etc) to the provincial departments. Monthly meetings (or as and when required) of these departments are held at Quetta for policy directions and for reporting progress.
Environmental Management: Per the above list, ‘Environment’ has to be devolved to the district level, however this has not been fully implemented yet. In some of the provinces (eg, Punjab), the District Officers – Environment have been appointed, though their environmental management role in overall district management is still weak. In Balochistan (and also in NWFP) however, this function has not been devolved to district level yet (further discussed later in the Chapter).
District Government Staff All the officers and staff of the provincial government working in the district in the decentralized departments before promulgation of BLGO 2001 as well as senior grade officials in newly created posts such as District Coordination Officer (DCO) and EDOs have been assigned to the District Government. This has been done to cater to the increase in functional responsibility as a result of decentralization of provincial departments to the district governments. Various district offices in a typical district pertaining to the provincial line departments are briefly described in the following paragraphs. The DCO is overall in-charge of the district government line departments.
Zila Council Each Zila (District) has a Zila Council and a district government. The Zila Council consists of one representative from each of the Union Councils (UC) of the District and this representative is the Union Nazim who is elected on the basis of adult franchise on a joint ticket with the Naib Union Nazim. In order to ensure representation of women in the Zila Council, special seats (one-third of the number of UCs in the District) are reserved. Special seats are also reserved for labor/peasants and minority communities (5% of the number of unions in the district). The Electoral College for the special seats comprises of all members of the UCs in the District. The Naib Zila Nazim is the Convener of the District Council. The Zila Council is assisted by various committees of the council including monitoring committees specifically mentioned in the law to monitor in a non-intrusive manner, the workings of each of the offices of the District Government.
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Tehsil (and Town) Municipal Administration In every tehsil, there is a Tehsil Municipal Administration (TMA), which consists of a Tehsil Nazim, Tesil Municipal Officer, Tehsil Officers, Chief Officers and other officials of the Local Council Service and officials of the offices entrusted to the TMA.
The salient functions and powers of the TMA relevant to the development schemes, service delivery and infrastructure subprojects include the following: 15
X Prepare spatial plans for the tehsil in collaboration with UCs, including plans for land use, zoning and functions for which the TMA is responsible.
X Execute and manage development plans.
X Exercise control over land use, land subdivision, land development and zoning …
X Provide, manage, operate, maintain and improve the municipal infrastructure and services, including water supply, sewerage, sewage, sewage treatment and disposal, storm water drainage, sanitation and solid waste management, roads and streets, traffic planning, engineering and management, street lighting, fire fighting, parks and playgrounds, slaughter houses and others.
X Coordinate and support municipal functions amongst unions and villages.
X Develop and manage schemes including site development in collaboration with District Government and UA. The functions and powers of the Town Municipal Administration, which exists in a City District Government, are mostly similar to those for the Tehsil Municipal Administration discussed above, with the salient difference that some of the municipal services are not included under its jurisdiction, and are directly controlled by the City District Government.
As can be seen from the functions and powers of TMAs listed above, the ‘Environment’ function has not been devolved to the tehsil level.
Union Administration In every union, a Union Administration has been established, consisting of Union Nazim, Naib Union Nazim, not more than three Union Secretaries, and where required, the member of ancillary staff.
The salient functions and powers of the UA, relevant to the development schemes and service delivery include the following: 16
X To consolidate village and neighborhood development needs and prioritize them into union-wide development proposals with the approval of the Union Council and make recommendations to the District Government or TMA, as applicable.
15 For a complete listing of the TMA functions, please see ‘The Balochistan Local Government Ordinance, 2001 (Ordinance No. XVIII of 2001) – Updated Version’. 16 For a complete listing of the UA functions, please see ‘The Balochistan Local Government Ordinance, 2001 (Ordinance No. XVIII of 2001) – Updated Version’.
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X To identify deficiencies in service delivery and make recommendations for improvement to the TMA.
X To provide and maintain public sources of drinking water (wells, water pumps, tanks, ponds and other water supply works).
X To maintain street lighting, public ways and public places.
X To establish and maintain public libraries.
X To execute the projects of the approved Union Annual Development Plan by contracting out to the private sector.
2.2.13 Antiquity Act, 1975 The Antiquities Act of 1975 ensures the protection of cultural resources in Pakistan. The Act is designed to protect ‘antiquities’ from destruction, theft, negligence, unlawful excavation, trade and export. Antiquities have been defined in the Act as ancient products of human activity, historical sites, or sites of anthropological or cultural interest, national monuments, etc. The law prohibits new construction in the proximity of a protected antiquity and empowers the Government of Pakistan to prohibit excavation in any area that may contain articles of archeological significance.
Under this Act, the project proponents are obligated to:
Ensure that no activity is undertaken in the proximity of a protected antiquity, and
If during the course of the project an archeological discovery is made, it should be protected and reported to the Department of Archeology, Government of Pakistan, for further action. This Act will be applicable to the construction as well as O&M activities of the proposed development subprojects.
2.2.14 Factories Act, 1934 The clauses relevant to the proposed project are those that address the health, safety and welfare of the workers, disposal of solid waste and effluents, and damage to private and public property. The Act also provides regulations for handling and disposing toxic and hazardous substances. The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act of 1997 (discussed above), supersedes parts of this Act pertaining to environment and environmental degradation.
2.2.15 Employment of Child Act, 1991 Article 11(3) of the Constitution of Pakistan prohibits employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mines or any other hazardous employment. In accordance with this Article, the Employment of Child Act (ECA) 1991 disallows the child labor in the country. The ECA defines a child to mean a person who has not completed his/her fourteenth years of age. The ECA states that no child shall be employed or permitted to work in any of the occupation set forth in the ECA (such as transport sector, railways, construction, and ports) or in any workshop wherein any of the processes defined in the Act is carried out. The processes
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defined in the Act include carpet weaving, bidi (kind of a cigarette) making, cement manufacturing, textile, construction and others).
TMAs, UCs and their contractors will be bound by the ECA to disallow any child labor at the subproject sites.
2.2.16 Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 The Code deals with the offences where public or private property or human lives are affected due to intentional or accidental misconduct of an individual or organization. The Code also addresses control of noise, noxious emissions and disposal of effluents. Most of the environmental aspects of the Code have been superseded by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997.
2.3 National Institutional Setup for Environmental Management
The apex environmental body in the country is the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC), which is presided by the Chief Executive of the Country. Other bodies include the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA), provincial EPAs (for four provinces, AJK and Northern Areas), and environmental tribunals.
The EPAs were first established under the 1983 Environmental Protection Ordinance; the PEPA 1997 further strengthened their powers. The EPAs have been empowered to receive and review the environmental assessment reports (IEEs and EIAs) of the proposed projects, and provide their approval (or otherwise).
The proposed subprojects would be located in the Balochistan Province. Hence the relevant regulatory agency will be the Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency.
Devolution of Environmental Management Function As described in Section 2.2.12 above, the LGOs call for devolution of the environmental management function to the district level, though its implementation is not uniform across the provinces. In the Punjab Province for example, District Officers – Environment have been appointed in several of the districts, and eventually, every district government in the province will have the DO-Environment. In NWFP and Sindh, in view of the limited capacity present at the district government level, another approach has been followed, and regional offices have been established under the respective EPAs.
In Balochistan as well, a similar approach is being considered; initially five regional sub- offices of the EPA have been considered, and the necessary approvals obtained for the first of such sub-offices in Hub, District Lasbela, which unfortunately is held up because of the procedural delays. However, with rigorous follow-up and concerted efforts, regional EPA sub- offices in the province will be established sooner or later.
These EPA sub-offices once established will be instrumental in providing support to the UAs and TMAs for the environmental and social management of subprojects - particularly in capacity building, review of the environmental screening of subprojects, environmental monitoring and providing regulatory support.
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2.4 Environmental and Social Guidelines
Two sets of guidelines, the Pak-EPA’s guidelines and the World Bank Environmental Guidelines are reviewed here. These guidelines address the environmental as well as social aspects relevant to the proposed project.
2.4.1 Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental and Social Guidelines The Federal EPA has prepared a set of guidelines for conducting environmental assessments. The guidelines derive from much of the existing work done by international donor agencies and NGOs. The package of regulations, of which the guidelines form a part, includes the PEPA 1997 and the NEQS. These guidelines are listed below.
Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports,
Guidelines for Public Consultation,
Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas,
Sectoral Guidelines. It is stated in the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 that the EIA or IEE must be prepared, to the extent practicable, in accordance with the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Guidelines.
2.4.2 World Bank Group Environmental and Social Guidelines The principal World Bank Group publications that contain environmental and social guidelines are listed below.
International Finance Corporation’s Performance Standards on Social & Environmental Sustainability; IFC, 2006.
Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Policies, Procedures, and Cross- Sectoral Issues.
Social Analysis Sourcebook.
All environmental and social safeguard operational policies.
International Finance Corporation’s Environment, Health and Safety – General Guidelines; IFC, 2007. Exhibits 2.7 and 2.8 respectively present the guideline values for ambient air quality and waste effluents, as defined in the IFC’s Performance Standards listed above. These guidelines will be used for the present project where no national standards exist.
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Exhibit 2.1: Protected Areas in Balochistan
Protected Area Area (ha) Classification Coordinates Name Astola Island (Haft Not recorded Unclassified 25/17 N. 63/50 E. Talar) Bund Khush Dil Khan 1,296 Wildlife Sanctuary 30/36 N. 66/45 E. Buzi Makola 145,101 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Chagai-Seistan Not recorded Unclassified 29/18 N. 64/44 E. Desert Chorani 19,433 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Dhrun 167,700 National Park Not Recorded Dureji 178,259 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Ghurnzadi 6,649 Game Reserve 33/22 - 33/25 N. 71/03 - 71/15 Gogi 7,773 Game Reserve Not Recorded Goth Raisani Game Not recorded Unclassified Not Recorded Reserve Gut 165,992 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Hazar Ganji-Chilttan 15,555 National Park 29/59 - 30/09 N. 66/24 - 66/54 Hingot 165,004 National Park Not Recorded Jawani Beaches Not recorded Unclassified 25/02 N. 61/45 E. Kachai Marai 6,143 Game Reserve 33/34 - 33/41 N. 71/09 - 71/17 Kachau 21,660 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Kambran 211,433 ha Game Reserve Not Recorded Karkhasa 4,049 Game Reserve Not Recorded Kho-e-Geish 24,356 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Khurkhera 18,345 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Kolwah Kap 33,198 Wildlife Sanctuary 26/02 N 64/39 E. Pasni Coastline Not Recorded Unclassified 25/15 N. 63/28 E. Raghai Rakhshan 125,425 Wildlife Sanctuary 27/20 N. 65/20 E. Ras Koh 99,498 Wildlife Sanctuary 28/50 N. 65/06 E. Sasnamana 6,607 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Serajabad Game Not Recorded Unclassified Not Recorded Reserve Shashan 29,555 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded
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Protected Area Area (ha) Classification Coordinates Name Shinawari 5,360 Game Reserve 33/29 - 33/25 N. 70/44 - 70/49 Wam 10,364 Game Reserve 30/27 N. 67/43 E. Zangi Nawar 1,060 Game Reserve 29/27 N. 65/47 E. Zawar Khan 3,887 Game Reserve Not Recorded Ziarat Juniper 37,247 Wildlife Sanctuary 30/24 N. 67/44 E.
Source: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas. Government of Pakistan. 1997.
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Exhibit 2.2: Sites of Archeological and Historical Significance
Kachhi Distict 1. Pirak mound, Village Kolachi, Kachhi. Kalat District 2. Nindo Damb, Ornach Valley, Tehsil Wadh, Kalat. Kharan District 3. Fort wall of Jalawar Pass, Jhalawar, Kharn. 4. Fort of Azad Khan (Kharan Fort), Kharan town, Kharan. 5. Pally Kalat, Washbohi, Kharan. 6. Nauroze fort, Nauroze Kharan. 7. Aneient tomb, Jhalawar, Kharan. 8. Har-o-Goke, Garuk, Kharan. Lasbela District 9. Ancestral graveyard of Jam of Lasbela, Babrs, Lasbela. 10. Tomb of General Muhammad Ibn-e-Haroon, Bela Town, Lasbela. 11. Tombs at Hinidan, Pir Mubarak, Lasbela. 12. Chowkhundi (Rumi) graves, Bhawani Sarai, 5 miles from Hub Chowki, Lasbela. Loralai District 13. Tordheri site, Tordheri, Loralai. 14. High cound, Dabarkot, Loralai. 15. Pre-historic mound, Harian Haider Zai, Loralai. Nasirabad District 16. Damb Judeir or Judeir-jo-daro, Deh Jodher No. 2 between Jhatpat and Dera Murad Jamali, Nasirabad. Quetta District 17. Mound No. 2, Village Samangali, west side of Airport, Quetta. 18. Mound No. 1, Village Kotwal near Killi Gul Muhammad, Quetta. 19. Mound No. 3, Damb Sadat, 14 miles from Quetta, Quetta. 20. Mound No. 5, Ahmad Khan Zai, Quetta. 21. Mound No. 7, Kuchlak on Chaman Road, Quetta. 22. Mound NO. 8, Village Samali (Dosak-i-Khasyan), Quetta. 23. Mound No. 9, Village Metar Zai, Quetta. 24. Mound No. 10, Shaikh Manda on Chaman Road, Quetta. 25. Mound No. 11, Village Vauhisar, Quetta. National Monument 26. Ziarat Residency, Ziarat.
Source: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas. Government of Pakistan. 1997.
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Exhibit 2.3: Selected NEQS for Waste Effluents
Parameter Unit Standards (maximum allowable limit) Temperature increase °C < 3 pH value (acidity/basicity) pH 6-9 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) mg/l 80 at 20 °C Chemical oxygen demand (COD) mg/l 150 Total suspended solids mg/l 200 Total dissolved solids mg/l 3,500 Grease and oil mg/l 10 Phenolic compounds (as phenol) mg/l 0.1 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 1,000 Fluoride (as F) mg/l 10
Sulfate (SO4) mg/l 600 Sulfide (S) mg/l 1.0
Ammonia (NH3) mg/l 40 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chromium (trivalent and hexavalent) mg/l 1.0 Copper mg/l 1.0 Lead mg/l 0.5 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Selenium mg/l 0.5 Nickel mg/l 1.0 Silver mg/l 1.0 Total toxic metals mg/l 2.0 Zinc mg/l 5 Arsenic mg/l 1.0 Barium mg/l 1.5 Iron mg/l 8.0 Manganese mg/l 1.5 Boron mg/l 6.0 Chlorine mg/l 1.0 Source: Government of Pakistan (2000). Notes: 1. The standard assumes that dilution of 1:10 on discharge is available. That is, for each cubic meter of treated effluent, the recipient water body should have 10 m3 of water for dilution of this effluent. 2. Toxic metals include cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, nickel and silver. The effluent should meet the individual standards for these metals as well as the standard for total toxic metal concentration.
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Exhibit 2.4: NEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emissions mg/Nm3 unless otherwise stated Standards Parameter Source of Emission (maximum allowable limit) Smoke Smoke opacity not to exceed 40% or 2 Ringlemann Scale or equivalent smoke number Particulate matter 1 (a) Boilers and furnaces: i. Oil fired 300 ii. Coal fired 500 iii. Cement Kilns 300 (b) Grinding, crushing, clinker coolers 500 and related processes, metallurgical processes, converters, blast furnaces and cupolas Hydrogen Chloride Any 400
Chlorine Any 150 Hydrogen fluoride Any 150
Hydrogen sulphide Any 10
Sulphur Oxides 2, 3 Sulfuric acid/Sulphonic acid plants 5,000
Other Plants except power Plants 1,700 operating on oil and coal
Carbon Monoxide Any 800
Lead Any 50 Mercury Any 10 Cadmium Any 20 Arsenic Any 20 Copper Any 50 Antimony Any 20 Zinc Any 200 Oxides of Nitrogen 3 Nitric acid manufacturing unit 3,000
Other plants except power plants operating on oil or coal: i. Gas fired 400 ii. Oil fired 600 iii. Coal fired 1,200
Source: Government of Pakistan (2000). Explanations: 1. Based on the assumption that the size of the particulate is 10 micron or more. 2. Based on 1% sulphur content in fuel oil. Higher content of sulphur will cause standards to be pro-rated. 3. In respect of emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the power plants operating on oil and coal as fuel shall in addition to NEQS specified above, comply with the standards provided separately.
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Exhibit 2.5: NEQS for Motor Vehicles Exhaust and Noise
Standards Parameter Measuring Method (maximum permissible limit) Smoke 40% or 2 on the Ringlemann Scale To be compared with Ringlemann during engine acceleration mode. Chart at a distance of 6 meters or more. Carbon Monoxide. New Vehicle = 4.5% Under idling conditions: non- Used Vehicle = 6% dispersive infrared detection through gas analyzer. Noise 85 db(A) Sound meter at 7.5 meter from the source.
Source: Government of Pakistan (2000).
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Exhibit 2.6: WHO Drinking Water Quality Standards
Element/ Symbol/ Normally Found in Health Based WHO Substance Formula Freshwater/Surface Guideline Water/Groundwater Aluminum Al 0.2 mg/l
Ammonia NH4 < 0.2 mg/l (up to 0.3 mg/l No guideline in anaerobic waters) Antimony Sb < 4 μg/l 0.005 mg/l Arsenic As 0.01 mg/l Asbestos No guideline Barium Ba 0.3 mg/l Beryllium Be < 1 μg/l No guideline Boron B < 1 mg/l 0.3 mg/l Cadmium Cd < 1 μg/l 0.003 mg/l Chloride Cl 250 mg/l Chromium Cr+3, Cr+6 < 2 μg/l 0.05 mg/l Color Not mentioned Copper Cu 2 mg/l Cyanide Cn- 0.07 mg/l
Dissolved O2 No guideline oxygen Fluoride F < 1.5 mg/l (up to 10) 1.5 mg/l
Hardness mg/l CaCO3 No guideline
Hydrogen sulfide H2S No guideline Iron Fe 0.5 - 50 mg/l No guideline Lead Pb 0.01 mg/l Manganese Mn 0.5 mg/l Mercury Hg < 0.5 μg/l 0.001 mg/l Molybdenum Mb < 0.01 mg/l 0.07 mg/l Nickel Ni < 0.02 mg/l 0.02 mg/l
Nitrate and NO3, NO2 50 mg/l total nitrogen nitrite Turbidity - Not mentioned pH - No guideline Selenium Se < < 0.01 mg/l 0.01 mg/l Silver Ag 5 – 50 μg/l No guideline Sodium Na < 20 mg/l 200 mg/l
Sulfate SO4 500 mg/l Inorganic tin Sn No guideline TDS - No guideline Uranium U 1.4 mg/l Zinc Zn 3 mg/l Source: World Health Organization, 1993.
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Exhibit 2.7: Ambient Air Quality Guidelines
Averaging Guideline value in (mg/m3) Period
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 24-hour 125 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 20 (guideline)
10 minute 500 (guideline) Nitrogen dioxide 1-year 40 (guideline) (NO2) 1-hour 200 (guideline) Particulate Matter 1-year 70 (Interim target-1) PM10 50 (Interim target-2) 30 (Interim target-3) 20 (guideline)
24-hour 150 (Interim target-1) 100 (Interim target-2) 75 (Interim target-3) 50 (guideline) Particulate Matter 1-year 35 (Interim target-1) PM2.5 25 (Interim target-2) 15 (Interim target-3) 10 (guideline)
24-hour 75 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 37.5 (Interim target-3) 25 (guideline) Ozone 8-hour daily 160 (Interim target-1)
Maximum 100 (guideline) World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005.
PM 24-hour value is the 99th percentile. Interim targets are provided in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieving the recommended guidelines.
Source: Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines General EHS guidelines: Environmental, Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality, IFC, 2007
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a Exhibit 2.8: Indicative Values for Treated Sanitary Sewage Discharges
Guideline Pollutants Units Value pH pH 6 – 9
BOD mg/l 30
COD mg/l 125
Total nitrogen mg/l 10
Total phosphorus mg/l 2
Oil and grease mg/l 10
Total suspended solids mg/l 50 b MPN / a Total coliform bacteria 400 100 ml a Notes: Not applicable to centralized, municipal, wastewater treatment systems which are included in EHS Guidelines for Water and Sanitation. b MPN = Most Probable Number
Source: IFC’s Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines. General EHS Guidelines: Environmental. Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality. IFC 2007
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Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
3 Description of Project
This chapter provides a brief description of the proposed project. Also provided in the chapter is the generic description of the development projects and service delivery activities that will be undertaken by the TMAs and UAs using the enhanced grant flows under the proposed program.
3.1 Performance Grant System for TMAs and UAs
Much like other provinces, the GoB is extending and deepening its reform agenda particularly with respect to the sub-provincial fiscal system. In line with this policy, the provincial government intends to strengthen the Performance Grant System and other funding modalities, so as to:
(a) provide resources which will allow local governments to expand service delivery and basic infrastructure development; and
(b) provide local governments with both the incentive and means for broad-based governance improvement throughout the province, entailing enhancement of their institutional capacities and accountability.
The PGS already exists at the district government level in Balochistan, and now the BoG intends to extend a similar system for the TMAs and UAs of the province. For this initiative, GoB is seeking WB financing, which will cover the following five components:
Performance Grants to Unions;
Performance Grants to TMAs;
Capacity building of UAs and TMAs;
Capacity building (more extensive) of fragile UAs; and
Project Cell (PC) at the Provincial Government level.
The proposed project will provide funds for the above components, and cover the infrastructure development and expanded service delivery functions mandated to the TMAs and UAs under the BLGO. The proposed project will not however support any particular scheme or subproject; it will boost up the development budget of the TMAs/UAs. Furthermore, any subprojects or activities which are implemented by the district governments, even if identified by the UAs, are not covered under the proposed project, since the Province is already providing performance grants to the district governments through an ADB-funded program. These performance grants will be released over and above the funds provided to these local governments under the Provincial Finance Commission.
The ‘universe’ of the proposed performance grant funding consists of all UAs of the province (about 600), and eighteen TMAs. The remaining TMAs will not receive funds under the present phase of the project. In the subsequent phases however the remaining TMAs may also be brought under the performance grant system.
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The UAs and TMAs will be eligible to access the performance grants on the basis of their annual performance. For the first year, the grants will be provided on the basis of initial assessment carried out by the Project. In the subsequent years, the UAs will receive the annual grants on the basis of the annual external audits, and TMAs, on the basis of their annual external audits and performance assessments. The UAs receiving adverse audit reports and TMAs receiving adverse audit reports or poor performance reports, will not receive performance grants. This arrangement provides incentive to the local governments to follow the prescribed procedures, and to improve their performance in terms of identifying and implementing the development schemes, performing service delivery functions and local governance. It is likely that initially a limited number of local governments will be eligible for receiving the performance grant funds; this number is likely to increase over time.
3.2 Development Schemes and Service Delivery Functions - TMAs
As specified in the BLGO (discussed in Section 2.2.11), the TMAs are mandated to carry out spatial planning, develop and implement municipal infrastructure schemes, and carrying out service delivery functions, including water supply, sewerage, sewage, sewage treatment and disposal, storm water drainage, sanitation and solid waste management, roads and streets, traffic planning, engineering and management, street lighting, fire fighting and others. The generic activities carried out while developing these schemes and implementing the service delivery functions – activities involving physical interventions – are described below (the TMA functions not involving physical interventions such as collection of taxes and issuance of licenses – are not covered here).
3.2.1 Spatial Planning The activities involved while preparing spatial plans may include carrying out detailed surveys of the area to determine the importance and significance of various parts of the tehsil, determining local needs of the communities, consultations with the communities and subject experts, reviewing national and provincial legislation to determine the presence of any protected areas (such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries or archeological sites) in the tehsil, and finally carrying out zonation to determine the allowable landuse of various types, such as habitation, markets and bazaars, cultivation, parks and open spaces, grazing, right of ways, forest and plantation, wetlands and water sources, mining and quarrying, and others.
This important function is usually not carried out because of various reason, including lack of funds, and ignorance about its importance. As a result, most of the settlements in the country expand haphazardly, without any planning or judicious use of available land/space. If appropriately conducted in a timely manner, spatial planning can ensure prudent utilization of each type of land/space and judicious use of natural resources, while fulfilling the needs of the local population, without sacrificing the environmental and aesthetic aspects of the area. Furthermore, the spatial planning can also lead to the effective town planning at a later stage.
3.2.2 Water Supply Schemes The activities involved while developing water supply schemes may include excavating a water pond, laying buried or on-surface pipeline, digging groundwater wells, training a water
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stream, installing water pumps (hand pumps), land acquisition for ponds/tanks/reservoirs17, building underground and overhead water reservoirs (tanks), installing tube-wells, installing water filtration system, installing stand posts, providing house connections and other similar works.
The activities involved in operating the water supply systems may include regular monitoring, routine maintenance, cleaning of ponds and channels, repairing/replacing old/damaged pipeline, tube-wells and filtration plants, and other similar activities.
3.2.3 Sewerage, Sewage and Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems The generic activities involved in developing a sewerage system may include construction of latrines, excavation of trenches for underground piping network, laying of sewerage pipe network, installing treatment plants/systems, building septic tanks and disposal of treated effluents at suitable locations.
The activities involved in the system operation may include regular monitoring, repairing/replacing damaged or defective pipelines, cleaning septic tanks and repairing/replacing defective treatment plants.
3.2.4 Storm Water Drainage Systems The activities involved in developing a typical storm water drainage system may include excavating channels, lining of these channels (with bricks, clay or cement plaster), laying of underground/above-ground pipes and discharge in any natural drain/stream/river.
The activities involved in the drainage system operation and maintenance may include monitoring the system and its effectiveness, cleaning of channels and repairing/redoing the lining of the channels.
3.2.5 Sanitation and Solid Waste Collection and Sanitary Disposal Systems The activities involved in developing the sanitation and solid waste management system may include providing disposal bins, garbage transfer stations, making waste segregation arrangements, and identifying, acquiring and building disposal sites.
The activities involved during the system operation may include waste collection, transportation, segregation, disposal and maintaining/monitoring disposal site.
3.2.6 Roads and Streets The activities involved in constructing roads and streets may include route selection, land acquisition, excavation, laying sub-base, and surface work.
The repair and maintenance, and keeping them clear of encroachments are expected to be the main activities during the operation of the roads and streets.
17 Land requirement for such structures is usually quite small (typically less than an acre).
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3.2.7 Traffic Control System, Transport Stations, Stops, Stands and Terminals The generic activities involved in establishing the traffic control system may include erection of poles, installation of traffic signals, wiring and cabling, fixing of control panels, erection of poles for traffic signs and others. The generic activities involved in establishing the transport stations, stops, stands and terminals may include land acquisition, construction of buildings and facilities, and provision of services such as electricity, water and sewage/solid waste disposal systems.
The generic activities involved in operation of the above facilities may include routine repair and maintenance, and waste disposal.
3.2.8 Street Lighting The activities involved in developing the street lighting system may include erection of poles, laying of wires, and lighting fixtures installation.
The routine operation activities may include changing faulty light fixtures and removing electrical faults.
3.2.9 Firefighting The TMAs are responsible for providing, managing and operating the fully functional firefighting system in their area. The system may include fire station, fire hydrants, firewater piping network, vehicles, tools and equipment and trained staff. The routine activities may include fire drills, regular maintenance of the hydrant system, vehicles and equipment, carrying out firefighting activities, and orientation and training of citizens.
3.2.10 Slaughter Houses The typical activities involved in developing a slaughter house may include land acquisition, construction of buildings and allied activities.
The main activities during the operation of the slaughter houses may include handling of the livestock and slaughtered animals, provision of services, maintenance of building and equipment, and waste disposal.
3.2.11 Parks and Playgrounds The typical activities involved in developing parks and playground may include land acquisition, landscaping, plantation, installation of swings, slides and other play items for children, and construction of ancillary buildings.
The typical activities involved in the maintenance of these parks and playground may include cleaning, watering, horticultural activities, and repair/replacement of swings, slides and other items.
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3.3 Development Schemes – UAs
The UAs’ functions involving physical intervention include provision and maintenance of public sources of drinking water, including wells, water pumps, tanks, ponds and other works for supply of water; maintenance of street lighting, public ways and public places; improvement and maintenance of public open spaces, public gardens and playgrounds; and establishment and maintenance of libraries. The remaining functions assigned to the UAs – such as registration of births, deaths and marriages, levy of rates and fees – do not involve physical intervention.
In addition, the TMAs and District Governments may also assign some of their functions to the UAs, and allocate additional resources for such functions.
The generic activities carried out while developing the schemes and implementing service delivery functions mandated to the UAs are described below (the activities not involving physical intervention – such as birth and death registration and levy of taxes – are not discussed here).
3.3.1 Development and Maintaining Water Supply Systems The water supply schemes for UAs are essentially similar to the ones for the TMAs (described in Section 3.2.2 above), however, these schemes tend to be smaller in size, and stand alone (as against networked). The development activities may include excavating a water pond, laying buried or on-surface pipeline, digging groundwater wells, training a water stream, installing water pumps (hand pumps), land acquisition for ponds/tanks/reservoirs18, building underground and overhead water reservoirs (tanks), installing tube-wells, installing water filtration system, installing stand posts, providing house connections and other similar works.
The activities involved in operating the water supply systems may include regular monitoring, routine maintenance, cleaning of ponds and channels, repairing/replacing old/damaged pipeline, tube-wells and filtration plants, and other similar activities.
3.3.2 Maintenance of Street Lighting The activities involved in the maintenance of the street lighting system may include regular monitoring of the system, changing faulty light fixtures and removing electrical faults.
3.3.3 Maintenance of Public Parks and Playgrounds The typical activities involved in the maintenance of these parks and playground may include cleaning, watering, horticultural activities, and repair/replacement of swings, slides and other play items.
3.3.4 Establishment and Maintenance of Libraries The activities involved in establishing public libraries may include land acquisition, construction of buildings, provision of services and allied activities. The generic activities
18 Land requirement for such structures is usually quite small (typically less than an acre).
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involved in the operation of the libraries may include routine repair and maintenance and waste disposal.
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4 Stakeholder Consultations
This Chapter provides the objectives, process and outcome of the stakeholder consultations conducted as part of the present study.
4.1 Objectives The stakeholder consultation aims to provide a two-way communication channel between the stakeholders and the project proponents. In line with this aim, the objectives of the stakeholder consultations conducted as part of the present assignment were to:
develop and maintain communication links between the project proponents and stakeholders,
provide key project information to the stakeholders, and to solicit their views on the project and its potential or perceived impacts, and
ensure that views and concerns of the stakeholders are incorporated into the project design and implementation with the objectives of reducing or offsetting negative impacts and enhancing benefits of the proposed project.
4.2 Stakeholder Identification and Analysis The stakeholder analysis reveals the nature and magnitude of the stakeholders’ interests in and influence on a project. The first step for the analysis is to identify the stakeholders, who are essentially not limited to those affected by the project. They also include those who can affect or influence the project. They can be winners, losers or indifferent. The stakeholder analysis aims to distinguish between the actual effects of the project on different stakeholders, and those stake stakeholders’ perceptions about the project and its effects.
The second step in the stakeholder analysis is to analyze the interests and influence of the stakeholders, examining their assets and capabilities. The small landowners may have high stakes in a development project, but very little influence. As a contrast, the regulatory agencies may have very high influence but low interest in a project.
The third step is to differentiate stakeholders by their attachment to the status quo, or conversely, their desire/willingness to change.
The key stakeholders identified, analyzed and consulted at various levels included the following:
Project beneficiaries
Project affectees
Officials from District Government, TMAs and UAs
Environment Protection Agencies (at federal and provincial levels)
Other donor-funded projects
Non-governmental organizations.
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4.3 Consultation Process Consultations with the project stakeholders were carried out while conducting the present assignment. A participatory and consultative approach was employed for information dissemination and data collection.
Meetings were held with a range of key informants as well as government and civil society stakeholders at different levels. The focus group discussions with the grass-root stakeholders were held, whereas meetings were held with the institutional stakeholders. These discussions were held with officials from the District Governments, TMAs and UCs in various parts of the Balochistan province, including Quetta, Ziarat, Khuzdar, Loralai, Kalat and Lasbela districts.
Efforts were made to include the women in the consultation process as much as possible. During the meetings with the TMA and UC officials, women councilors were also present.
The consultation process was conceived to interact meaningfully with affected communities and other stakeholders. The consultations also helped better understand local knowledge with respect to the various sets of issues and concerns, and integrate these into the project design and ESMF.
4.4 Consultations with Institutional Stakeholders The institutional stakeholder consultations were held with the representatives of the following organizations:
Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA), Islamabad
Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency (BEPA), Quetta
Development specialist from an NGO (LEAD Pakistan)
Balochistan Rural Support Program (BRSP), Quetta
Taraqee Foundation, Quetta
Balochistan Rural Development and Research Society (BRDRS), Quetta
Water, Environment and Sanitation Society (WESS), Kalat.
Women Political Schools.
Balochistan Area Development Program. The names of the personnel met during the consultations are provided in Annexure A.
The institutional stakeholders provided useful information, and shared suggestions and recommendations. These are provided below.
The Pak-EPA officials were of the view that the existing guidelines developed by the EPA, and various environmental frameworks followed by organizations such as PPAF, should be consulted while developing the ESMF for the Balochistan performance grant system.
The BEPA officials confirmed that the ‘Environment’ function had not been devolved in the province, and BEPA was still the only regulatory body in Balochistan. The officials were of the view that the developmental schemes to be implemented by the TMAs and UAs would not
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fall in Schedule I or Schedule II of the EIA/IEE Regulations (see Section 2.2.2), hence conducting EIA or IEE would not be required for these schemes. Instead, simple checklists should be developed, providing easy-to-follow guidelines to plan and execute these works in an environmentally and socially sound manner. They were of the view that BEPA should be notified about these schemes, and some sort of approval should be sought from it by the TMAs during the planning stage.
The development professional from LEAD Pakistan stressed upon the need to address the equity and gender issues in planning and developing the subprojects. In view of the tribal system prevailing in most parts of the province, only the equity-based and free of disputes schemes would be able to meet the development needs of the masses.
The development professionals from the NGOs working at the community level in Balochistan were of the view that the community participation would be the key to the success of the proposed initiative. At the TMA and UA levels, capacities were weak and certain level of ambiguity in terms of roles and responsibilities of various actors (ie, provincial government, district governments, TMAs and UAs).
The Program Manager for the Women Political Schools project stressed upon the need of capacity building at the TMA and UA level for being able to utilize the funds to be allocated through the performance grant system. She added that the Local Government Academies established under the LGOs need to be strengthened and then utilized for the capacity building of the TMAs and UAs. In her opinion, a certain proportion of the funds should be allocated to the women councilors, empowering them and enabling them to be more effective towards addressing the needs of the women of the area.
4.5 Grassroot Stakeholders Consultations The grass root consultations were carried out at the following locations:
DCO Office, Ziarat
EDO (Revenue) Office, Ziarat
TMA office, Sanjawi (District Ziarat)
TMA office, Loralai
DCO Office, Khuzdar
TMA Office, Hub (District Lasbela) The names of the personnel met during the consultations are provided in Annexure A. A summary of these consultations is presented below.
Detailed discussions were held with the district government officials, TMA and UA officials, councilors, women councilors and community members of the areas visited. During these discussions, the participants were quite enthusiastic about the provincial government’s intentions of extending performance grant system to the TMA level. The participants generally complained about scarcity of funds, and lack of authority to spend whatever funds were available according to the local priorities. Hence they strongly felt that with the advent of
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the performance grant funds, the prioritization of schemes should also be carried out at local level, in accordance with the needs of the community.
The environmental awareness among the TMA/UA officials and the community was low, however, the need and importance of properly functioning municipal services was well understood across the board. The environmental degradation was perceived to be a problem more prevailing in the urban and suburban areas, compared to the rural localities. Nonetheless, some common environmental problems associated with the development works were discussed during the consultation meetings.
The issue of land acquisition for the development schemes was discussed at length. It was confirmed that the land acquisition authority rests with the EDO (Revenue). However it was pointed out that for most of the rural schemes such as schools, water supply systems and hospitals, land was donated by the community. Hence the involuntary resettlement issues were quite rare, at least in the rural areas. In the urban areas however, the situation was different, where the land had to be either outright purchased, or acquired in accordance with the LAA.
The women councilors generally complained about their marginalization, stating that despite of being elected members, their suggestions and needs were seldom given priority.
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5 Environmental and Social Management
This chapter identifies the potential environmental and social impacts of the development schemes and service delivery activities, recommends generic mitigation measures to reduce if not eliminate these negative impacts, introduces environmental and social screening method, defines roles and responsibilities to manage environmental and social aspects of the developmental schemes, and provides capacity building needs.
5.1 Environmental and Social Impacts and their Mitigation
Most of the development schemes and service delivery activities to be undertaken by TMAs and UAs are expected to have insignificant environmental and social impacts, owing to the nature and small size of individual subproject. Most of these adverse impacts can be addressed through good housekeeping and generic mitigation measures. These impacts and their generic mitigation measures are tabulated in Exhibit 5.1.
5.2 Environmental and Social Management Procedures
Separate environmental and social management procedures have been proposed for TMAs and UAs, in view of the different nature and size of the projects to be undertaken by these two levels of the local governments, and the capacity of their respective officials with respect to implementing the present ESMF. For the ease of implementation these procedures have been organized separately in Appendix B and Appendix C, as the Environmental and Social Manual for TMAs and Environmental and Social Manual for UAs, respectively.
5.2.1 Environmental and Social Management Procedures for TMAs The stepwise procedure for environmental and social management of the TMA subprojects is provided below.
Step 1: Initial screening of subprojects
Step 2: Categorization of subprojects
Step 3: Detailed screening of subprojects
Step 4: Environmental and social review of subprojects (through checklists)
Step 5: Implementation of mitigation measures and environmental and social monitoring
These steps are graphically shown in Exhibit B.1 of Appendix B (which provides complete Environmental and Social Manual for TMAs, as described in this section), and discussed below.
Step 1: Initial Screening
The purpose of this screening is to broadly determine the type of environmental and social assessment to be carried out for each individual subproject. The screening will be carried out
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on the basis of Schedule I and Schedule II of the EIA/IEE Regulations (discussed in Section 2.2.2). The projects listed in Schedule I require an IEE to be conducted, whereas those listed in Schedule II require EIA to be carried out. These schedules are provided in Exhibits B.2 and B.3 of Appendix B.
It is unlikely that TMAs will have capacities to conduct the IEEs and EIAs by themselves. It is therefore recommended that the Environmental and Social Coordinator (ESC) – who will be part of the PC of the proposed project – be contacted for this purpose (the ESC is discussed later in the Chapter). In addition, NGOs/consultants may also be engaged for this purpose. These studies should be carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines developed by Pak-EPA and other agencies (eg, WB and ADB).
As mentioned earlier in Section 2.2.2, most of the TMA subprojects are unlikely to fall under the Schedule I and Schedule II. For such subprojects, categorization, detailed screening and environmental and social review (ESR) will be carried out, which are discussed in the subsequent steps.
The initial screening will be carried out at the subproject development stage.
Step 2: Categorization of Subprojects
After the initial screening of the subprojects discussed in Step 1 above, the checklist provided in Exhibit B.4 of Appendix B will be used to categorize each individual subproject (not falling in either of the schedules), with respect to their environmental and social sensitivity. The checklist classifies the subprojects in four categories: low, moderate, high and very high.
The categorization will also be carried out at the subproject development stage.
Step 3: Detailed Screening of Subprojects
On the basis of categorization discussed in Step 2 above, the type of environmental and social assessment that needs to be carried for each individual subproject will be determined. Generally, for the projects having low environmental and social sensitivity, an ESR will be sufficient. For most of the moderately sensitive projects also, ESR will suffice. However for some of the moderate and high sensitivity subprojects, IEE or EIA may need to be conducted (in addition to the IEE/EIA, RP will be developed if the subproject displaces 200 or more people, or ARP if it displaces less than 200 people; Social Impact Assessment (SIA) will be carried out for the subprojects having high or very high social sensitivity such as those located in densely populated areas; and IPDP will be developed for the subprojects affecting any indigenous people). This screening will be carried out in accordance with the checklist provided in Exhibit B.5 of Appendix B.
The detailed screening will also be carried out at the subproject development stage.
Step 4: Environmental and Social Review
The ESR will be conducted for each individual subproject (having low or moderate sensitivity as determined in Step 3) with the help of environmental and social checklists provided in Exhibits B.6 to B.16 of Appendix B. The relevant checklist for each subproject will be filled during the development stage of the project, and included in the PC1 as well as the execution
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contracts. These checklists will include mitigation measures to address the adverse impacts of the subprojects.
Step 5: Implementation of Mitigation Measures and Environmental and Social Monitoring
The mitigation measures identified through the ESR (discussed in Step 4 above), or identified through the EIA or IEE studies if carried out as mentioned in Steps 1 and 3, will have to be implemented during the project execution and operation phases. The environmental and social monitoring will ensure compliance with these mitigation measures, during the subproject execution and operation stages. This monitoring will be carried out on the basis of the checklist developed during the ESR stage (Step 4 above) and included in the PC1 of the subproject (see Exhibits B.6 to B.16 in Appendix B).
5.2.2 Environmental and Social Management Procedure for UAs 19 The subprojects mandated to the UAs are essentially very simple in nature and small in size (provide and maintain public sources of drinking water, including wells, water pumps, tanks, ponds and other works for supply of water; to maintain street lighting, public ways and public places; and to improve and maintain public open spaces, public gardens and playgrounds). Since the environmental and social concerns associated with these activities are very few, a simpler system – compared to the one proposed for TMAs – is proposed here to address whatever small environmental and social impacts are caused by these subprojects.
Step 1: Screening of subprojects
Step 2: Environmental and social review of subprojects (through checklists)
Step 3: Implementation of mitigation measures and environmental and social monitoring.
These steps are graphically shown in Exhibit C.1 of Appendix C (which provides complete Environmental and Social Manual for UAs, as described in this section), and discussed below.
Step 1: Screening of UA Subprojects
The purpose of this screening is to determine what kind of environmental and social assessment is to be carried out for each particular subproject. Each subproject will be screened using a simple screening form, provided in Exhibit C.2 of Appendix C. If a subproject is located in a sensitive area, it may require an EIA or IEE to be carried out (in addition to the IEE/EIA, RP will be developed if the subprojects involves resettlement of 200 or more people, or ARP if it involves resettlement of less than 200 people; SIA will be carried out for the subprojects having high or very high social sensitivity such as those located in densely populated areas; and IPDP will be developed for the subprojects affecting any indigenous people). Otherwise the subprojects will only require simple environmental and social review (ESR) checklists to be filled and used, during the development and implementation phases of the schemes (ESR checklists are discussed in Step 2 below).
19 Initially, the environmental and social management procedures described here will be implemented for the single-town Unions; for the remaining UAs, these procedures will be phased in gradually on the basis of the available capacity at the individual Union.
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Most of the subprojects implemented by the UAs will not require an EIA or IEE to be carried out. However if such subprojects are encountered, UAs will need to engage consultants or NGOs to conduct these studies. Assistance may also be sought from the ESC proposed as part of the PC (discussed later in the Chapter).
Step 2: Environmental and Social Review of Subprojects
As described above, for the UA subprojects not located in sensitive locations, the environmental and social review (ESR) will be conducted. For this purpose, simple checklists will be used, which are provided in Exhibits C.3 to C.5 of Appendix C. The relevant checklist for each subproject will be filled during the development stage, and included in the PC1 as well as the execution contracts. These checklists will also include mitigation measures, which will be implemented during the implementation/execution of the subprojects.
Step 3: Implementation of Mitigation Measures and Environmental and Social Monitoring
During this step, the mitigation and control measures identified in the ESR (or through EIA or IEE, if these are conducted as mentioned in Step 1) will be implemented. The ESR identifies control measures both for the design and execution phases of the subprojects. During these phases, the environmental and social monitoring will also be carried out, to ensure compliance with these mitigation measures. This monitoring will be carried out on the basis of the checklist developed during the ESR stage (Step 2 above) and included in the PC1 of the subproject (see Exhibits C.3 to C.5 in Appendix C).
5.2.3 Summary of Environmental and Social Management Procedures for TMAs and UAs The environmental and social management procedures for the TMAs and UAs are summarized in the following table:
Environmental and Social Development Initial Detailed Schemes / Categorization Review and Subprojects Screening Screening Mitigation Measures
Spatial Planning TMA Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.4 Exhibit B.5 Exhibit B.6 B.3.
UA Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Water Supply TMA Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.4 Exhibit B.5 Exhibit B.7 B.3.
UA Exhibit C.2 Not needed Not needed Exhibit C.3
Sewerage/Sewage TMA Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.4 Exhibit B.5 Exhibit B.8 Disposal System B.3.
UA Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Strom Water TMA Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.4 Exhibit B.5 Exhibit B.9
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Environmental and Social Development Initial Detailed Schemes / Categorization Review and Subprojects Screening Screening Mitigation Measures Drainage B.3.
UA Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Sanitation and Solid TMA Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.4 Exhibit B.5 Exhibit B.10 Waste Management B.3.
UA Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Firefighting System TMA Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.4 Exhibit B.5 Exhibit B.11 B.3.
UA Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Roads and Streets TMA Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.4 Exhibit B.5 Exhibit B.12 B.3.
UA Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Street Lighting TMA Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.4 Exhibit B.5 Exhibit B.13 B.3.
UA Exhibit C.2 Not needed Not needed -
Traffic control TMA Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.4 Exhibit B.5 Exhibit B.14 System, Stands, B.3. Stops and Terminals UA Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Public Libraries TMA Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
UA Exhibit C.2 Not needed Not needed Exhibit C.5
Slaughter Houses TMA Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.4 Exhibit B.5 Exhibit B.15 B.3.
UA Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Parks and TMA Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.4 Exhibit B.5 Exhibit B.16 Playgrounds B.3.
UA Exhibit C.2 Not needed Not needed Exhibit C.4
5.2.4 Subprojects/Functions Assigned by TMAs As mentioned in Section 3.3, the TMAs may also assign some of their functions to the UAs. In such cases, the environmental and social management procedure for the TMAs, described in Section 5.2.1 above, will be applicable, though the environmental and social focal pointing will still be carried out by the UA Secretary, with support from the TO (I&S) of the concerned TMA.
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5.3 ESMF Implementation
The environmental and social mitigation measures provided in this ESMF will be fully integrated in the respective development scheme/subproject. For this purpose the filled Environmental and Social Review Checklists (discussed in Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2) will be integral parts of the subproject documentation, including PC1 (in case EIA or IEE are conducted for any subprojects, the mitigation plan provided in the EIA/IEE will be made part of the PC1). These filled checklists will also be included in the tender documents and contracts for the work execution, ensuring that the contractors are legally bound to implement the mitigation measures included in the checklists.
During the operation and maintenance stage of the development schemes (such as water supply schemes and slaughter houses), the implementation of mitigation measures identified in the checklists will be the responsibility of the relevant officers of the TMAs and UAs (the roles and responsibility of TMA/UA officers for ESMF implementation are discussed in the next section below).
5.4 Organizational Structure, Roles and Responsibilities
5.4.1 Environmental and Social Focal Point for TMAs The TO (Infrastructure and Services) will be designated as the environmental and social focal point (ESFP) in each TMA. S/he will be assisted by the TO (Planning) and other relevant officials/staff in performing various environmental and social management functions as discussed above.
The roles and responsibilities of TO (I & S) and other officials/entities for various stages of the environmental and social management of development subprojects/service delivery functions are tabulated in Exhibit B.17 of Appendix B.
5.4.2 Environmental and Social Focal Point for UAs The Secretary of each UA will be designated as the ESFP of the union, for which s/he will have to be provided relevant orientation and training (trainings and capacity building are discussed later in the Chapter). S/he may have to take assistance from the ESC and other outside agencies, such as TO (I&S) of the TMA, NGOs or consultants, as needed.
The roles and responsibilities of the UA Secretary and other officials/entities for various stages of the environmental and social management of development subprojects/service delivery functions of the unions are tabulated in Exhibit C.6 of Appendix C.
5.4.3 Role of Communities The role of community in the environmental and social management of infrastructure subprojects and municipal service delivery functions can not be over-emphasized. In particular, the effective environmental and social monitoring of the service delivery functions on the continuous basis can best be carried out by the community itself. Towards this end, role of community based organizations (CBOs) and citizen community boards (CCBs) is vitally important (further discussed below). Involvement of women of the area, particularly the
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women councilors is also vitally important in identifying and designing the subprojects, and during the environmental and social monitoring.
5.4.4 Environmental and Social Coordinator In addition to the ESFPs discussed above, the environmental and social coordinator (ESC) will also be appointed at the provincial level, as part of the Project Cell of the proposed project. The ESC will provide backstopping and technical support to the TMAs and UAs, will be responsible for the capacity building of relevant TMA and UA staff (particularly the ESFPs), and will also facilitate the effective implementation of the present ESMF. S/he will maintain close liaison with the UAs and relevant TMAs, for the effective environmental and social management of the subprojects, and will conduct regular visits to the TMAs/UAs and subproject sites, to ascertain the implementation status of the ESMF.
The ESC will also be responsible for reviewing and if needed updating the ESMF on a regular basis (further discussed later in the Chapter).
The ESC will also maintain liaison with the Balochistan EPA and other stakeholders.
5.5 Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting
The monitoring, evaluation and reporting systems proposed for the project is provided below. However the proposed reporting formats, frequency and process are flexible and may need some adjustment to ensure compatibility with the overall monitoring and information system that is being designed for the operation.
5.5.1 Monitoring and Reporting by Environmental and Social Focal Points The ESFP of each TMA will maintain complete record of the environmental and social management of the subprojects in the respective tehsil. This will include the filled screening forms and checklists (discussed in Section 5.2.1 above), duly completed and signed, and record of the trainings and capacity building programs planned and implemented by the TMAs.
The focal points will also prepare quarterly/six-monthly summaries on the basis of the filled forms and checklists; these summaries will essentially provide information on each subproject regarding the environmental and social review carried out, and the mitigation measures identified and implemented. The summaries will also provide information on the environmental and social trainings conducted during the reporting period. The format of these summaries is provided in Exhibit B.18 of Appendix B. These summaries will be used to prepare the environmental and social components of the Quarterly/Six-monthly Monitoring Reports produced by the TMAs.
Similarly, ESFP of each UA (the UA Secretary) will maintain complete record of all the screening carried out and ESR checklists filled for each of the UA subprojects, as well as the training programs planned and conducted. S/he will also prepare quarterly summaries on the basis of these checklists and training programs. These summaries will essentially provide information on each subproject regarding the environmental and social review carried out, the
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mitigation measures implemented, and training programs conducted. The format of these reports is provided in Exhibit C.7 of Appendix C. These summaries will be included in the Quarterly Monitoring Reports to be produced by the UAs.
5.5.2 Quarterly and Annual Reporting by Project Cell The Project Cell will monitor regularly the programs of the TMAs and UAs, and will produce progress reports and an annual report. For these reports, the ESC will be responsible to provide inputs on the environmental and social aspects, on the basis of the social and environmental components of the reports received from the TMAs and UAs.
5.5.3 Annual Performance Assessment and Enhanced Audit For each TMA, an annual performance assessment will be carried out, on the basis of which, the TMAs will be eligible for the performance grants. In addition to the other functions performed by the TMAs, these assessments will also cover safeguard (environment and social) component. During these assessments, implementation of the environmental management process described in Section 5.2.1 will be evaluated.
For the UA’s performance evaluation, an enhanced annual audit will be carried out. During these audits, implementation of the environmental and social management procedure described in Section 5.2.2 will also be evaluated.
5.5.4 External Safeguards Audit In addition to the above monitoring and evaluation carried out by the TMAs/UAs and the PC, an external safeguards (environment and social) audit will also be carried out annually. During these audits, implementation of the environmental and social management procedures described in Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2, as well as the effectiveness of these procedures - in terms of any unmitigated environmental and social issues caused by the subprojects/service delivery functions - will be evaluated. These audits will help improve the various aspects of the environmental and social management procedures, in addition to determining the capacity building and awareness raising needs at various levels. This safeguard audit can be combined with the external audit to be carried out annually for of the overall project performance.
5.5.5 MIS Reporting The project envisages producing MIS reports on a regular basis to provide key project information. These MIS reports will also include environmental and safeguard information provided by the ESC.
5.6 Consultation and Disclosure Strategy
The stakeholder consultation is a continued process, and will be maintained throughout the project lifecycle for the effective management of the environmental and social aspects. The consultations carried out while developing the present ESMF and reported in Chapter 4 are essentially a first step in this process. During the subsequent project phases as well, participation of the project stakeholders will be ensured.
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A consultative workshop is planned to be held before the project initiation. During this workshop, the ESMF will be shared with the key stakeholders and their comments and suggestions sought. The ESMF will be revised if needed on the basis of these comments and suggestions. This will also fulfill the public disclosure requirement in accordance with the WB safeguards, as mentioned in Section 2.1.11.
During the development stage of the TMA’s and UA’s subprojects, the consultations will be carried out with the community representatives – to ensure their understanding, consent and ownership of the project; and if appropriate, with the EPA - in order to maintain liaison with the regulatory body, and to confirm the category of the subproject (see Exhibits B.2 and B.3 in Appendix B).
During the subproject implementation stage as well, the relevant communities need to be consulted and involved in order to ensure that the mitigation measures (Exhibits B.6 to B.16 in Appendix B and Exhibits C.3 to C.5 in Appendix C) are effectively implemented.
During the subproject operation/service delivery stage, the contact with the stakeholders is important in order to ensure that the intended benefits of the schemes are being materialized on the one hand, and there are no undesirable/unforeseen adverse impacts, on the other.
Exhibit 5.2 charts out the proposed consultation strategy during different project phases.
Extensive public disclosure is integrally built into the local government system. At the TMA level, the development process of the Annual Development Plan (ADP) and the annual budget include public meetings. Similarly, the ADP and budgets are approved in the Tehsil Council meetings, which are open for public; and the approved ADP and budgets are public documents. Additionally, public meetings are held to disclose the six-monthly/quarterly progress reports. Similar process will be followed for the UAs, wherein the ADP development and annual budgeting process will include public participation; the ADP and annual bugets will be approved in the Council meetings which will be open for public; the ADP and annual budget will be public documents; the monitoring of the subprojects and service delivery functions will be carried out by the Councilors; and the Enhanced Audit reports will be open for public review. Since all these documents/plans/reports will contain environmental and social components, the public disclosure of these aspects will be ensured through the process described above.
5.7 Community Participation
Community participation is the key element of the BLGO, and it is ensured through the devolution of power to the communities with their involvement at all levels of the government, including TMAs and UAs. In addition, the BLGO identifies the role of the Community Citizen Boards (CCBs), a concept that essentially provides the mechanism for public-private partnership. The BLGO allocates 25 percent of the development funds at the local level to be invested in partnership with CCBs. However this concept has to be fully implemented, and the CCBs have been formed in a very few places in the province (during the stakeholder consultations carried out as part of the present assignment, only one TMA reported the formulation of the CCBs in their area).
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For the proposed ESMF, the community participation has been ensured through the mitigation measures discussed in Section 5.1 and the Environmental and Social Checklist provided in Exhibits B.6 to B.16 of Appendix B and Exhibits C.3 to C.5 of Appendix C. The awareness raising and capacity building of the communities for the environmental and social aspects (discussed in Section 5.10 below) will also ensure greater community participation for the effective environmental and social management of the development subprojects and service delivery functions.
In addition, the formulation of CCBs and CBOs will need to be encouraged, in order to achieve higher level of community participation, as envisaged under the BLGO. Furthermore, the experience of infrastructure development under the Rural Support Programs (National Rural Support Program, Sarhad Rural Support Program, Balochistan Rural Support Program and others) needs to be capitalized. Towards this end, the TMAs and UAs should develop partnerships with these organizations – having rich experience of community-based infrastructure development – in order to effectively implement the development subprojects and service delivery schemes under the proposed performance grant project.
Exhibit 5.2 provides community participation aspects of the proposed PGS project.
5.8 Gender Mainstreaming
Primarily because of the social and cultural norms, the women in Balochistan generally have less access than men to education and other income generating facilities. Similarly their role in decision making at the community level is also nonexistent. The Province is dominated by tribal system, where the social change is slow, and where the women’s’ mobility is restricted, leading to poor access to social services. The patriarchal norms, social structure and cultural constraints limit women’s ability to own resources and majority of them do not own land or other property, although under the law, women have legal rights to inherit and own land. Customs and traditions provide enabling environment for male domination over women’s life. Housekeeping is the most important task of women in the Province where employment opportunities are negligible.
To address the above problems, the LGOs have made a major breakthrough in increasing the women participation in the political process and their representation at the district, TMA and UA levels. A significant number of women representatives have thus been elected at the various tiers of the local governments in the Province (and in almost every stakeholder consultations involving local representatives during the present assignment, women councilors were present and actively participated in the discussions). However, this is just the first step, and now the main challenge is to include and involve the women representatives in functions such as subproject identification/development, local decision making, and monitoring and evaluation. Towards this end, several government and donor funded projects/programs have been initiated, including the Women Political Schools (WPS), Devolution Trust for Community Empowerment (DTCE) and Gender Reforms Action Plan.
For the proposed performance grant system as well, appropriate measures have been included for the gender mainstreaming, and women roles have been included at various phases of the subprojects (see Exhibit 5.1). In addition, the capacity building program under the present ESMF (discussed in Section 5.10 below) will also include gender aspects.
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5.9 Grievance Redressal Mechanism
In rural areas of Balochistan, the most common and traditional system of dispute resolution and redress of grievances is known as Jirga. The Jirga is essentially a committee of notables of the local area who are collectively accepted as mediators in most disputes including disputes of land. The Jirga hears the statements of both sides of the conflict, and gives out the judgment, which is generally well accepted.
Somewhat in line with this age-old system, the BLGO identifies the Musalihat Anjuman (Reconciliation Committee) at the TMA and UA levels. The Musalihat Anjuman is mandated to achieve amicable settlement of disputes amongst the people through mediation, consultation and arbitration. The Musalihat Anjuman has to establish its own working method following the principles of participation, transparency, consensus building, documentation of all deliberations and hearings and decisions. In the context of development projects, the Anjuman’s task is to reach a solution to any dispute which could arise as a result of the project interventions and their impacts, such as land acquisition, resettlement, differences over water rights and land use, right of way and other similar issues.
For the proposed Performance Grant project as well, the Musalihat Anjumans would be required to amicably settle the disputes that could arise as a result of the development subprojects and service delivery functions. The proposed consultation process described in Section 5.6 and public participation mechanism discussed in Section 5.7 above are also likely to reduce the probability of disputes in the first place, and in case a dispute does surface, will be helpful in reaching the amicable and equitable resolution through the Musalihat Anjuman forum.
The capacity building program for the proposed project (discussed below) will cover the role and responsibility of the Musalihat Anjumans as well.
5.10 Capacity Building Needs
Awareness raising and capacity building with respect to the environmental and social aspects of the developmental subprojects is vitally important for the success of the present ESMF in particular and overall environmental and social well being of the masses in general. Therefore, general awareness and appreciation of environmental and social aspects particularly with reference to the development schemes and service delivery functions will have to be inculcated among the elected representatives, TMA and UA officials, contractors, and above all, among the communities, since they are the ultimate affectees of the environmental and social degradation. In addition, capacities of the TMA officials and contractors will need to be built, in order to effectively implement the present ESMF while developing and implementing the subprojects and service delivery functions.
To meet the above needs, the awareness raising and capacity building plan has been developed, which is provided in Exhibit 5.3.
In addition to the above, under the LGOs, the Local Government Academies have been established. For the capacity building in the context of the present ESMF, the academy in
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Balochistan should also be utilized, and their own capacities built in the environmental and social aspects.
5.11 Cost of Environmental and Social Management
As discussed in Section 5.3 above, the filled checklists (or the mitigation plans provided in the IEE/EIA if conducted) will be made part of the PC1. Therefore, the associated cost, if any, of implementing the mitigation measures provided in the checklists will also be included in the overall cost of the development subproject/scheme. Hence the environmental and social management cost will be included in the total cost of the works.
Similarly, cost of the ESC at the PC will also be included in the overall project cost. Furthermore, most of the environmental and social trainings will be combined with the project orientation/capacity building workshops hence no additional cost will be incurred in this regard.
5.12 ESMF Review
The review of the present ESMF will be a continuous process, and on the basis of its implementation, need for making changes and revisions may arise. The ESC will be responsible to review the effectiveness and adequacy of the Framework, and make changes if necessary, keeping all the stakeholders informed.
In addition to the above, a detailed review of the present ESMF will be carried out during the mid term review (MTR) of the proposed project. During this review, the adequacy, performance and effectiveness of the ESMF will be assessed, and improvement areas if any will be identified. On the basis of the outcome of this review, the ESMF may need to be revised.
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Exhibit 5.1: Environmental and Social Issues Associated with Development Schemes and Service Delivery Functions
Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations
A Spatial Planning X Public health and safety of X The spatial planning should be carried out in a participatory manner, so that the local the local population needs and preferences are appropriately addressed. Women of the area should also
X Protection of the watershed be included in the consultation process. and water resources of the X The spatial plans should identify spaces for all the key types of landuse as area applicable, including habitation, cultivation, grazing, markets and bazaars,
X Protection of the biological government and commercial offices, roads, pathways and tracks, public places, open resources of the area places, mosques, public parks and playgrounds, graveyards, water supply network including ponds, waste disposal arrangements including space/place for solid waste X Public participation in disposal, schools, hospitals/dispensaries, slaughter houses and other preparing the spatial plan buildings/infrastructure. X Protection of the sites of X The spatial plans should be futuristic and cater to the increasing population and archeological, historical, expanding infrastructure needs. cultural or religious significance X Expert inputs should also be obtained, in order to ensure most appropriate and prudent use of each type of land/space. X Aesthetic aspects of the area. X Spatial plans should address public safety, public health, public nuisance and aesthetic aspects.
X Forest and natural vegetation should be given appropriate attention while preparing the spatial plans. The protected areas (national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves) should be dealt with in consultation with the Wildlife Department.
X Water sheds and catchment areas for drinking water sources should also given due importance in the spatial plans.
X While carrying out spatial planning, the cumulative impacts of the development activities in the area should also be considered.
X Certain portion of the area must be set aside for forest / tree plantation. This area should generally be about 5-10% of the total area (though this percentage could
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Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations vary; for example in the forest area such as Ziarat, a higher allocation for forest could be targeted).
X Buffer zones should be identified when possible/appropriate between forests and habitation/cultivation.
B Water Supply X Disturbance of the natural X The water source will be selected keeping in view water quality, away from drainage/slope of the area, contamination sources (such as waste disposal sites). Preferably, water quality will caused by excavation be analyzed at the planning stage.
activities X The water supply scheme will be designed in a participatory manner, involving the X Contamination of ground women councilors as well.
and surface water during X The land if required for the water supply schemes will be obtained through one of the construction activities following three methods:
X Dust emissions during X The state land if available will be used for constructing water supply schemes (for construction activities ponds and reservoirs).
X Adverse impacts on natural X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete flora and fauna caused by documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land the water diversion. donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor X Involuntary resettlement will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate for the caused by land acquisition intended purpose (verified by the project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances (though usually a small tract and interests; iv) for any loss of livelihood of vulnerable persons, community of land – typically less than derived mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives an acre – is needed for up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the constructing ponds, water donation is made to.
tanks or reservoirs) X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing X Disputes over water rights buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in
X Damage to crops and other the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed assets caused by the market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. See construction activities Exhibit 5.4 for the Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of
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Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations
X Health hazards caused by any involuntary resettlement caused by the water supply scheme. A plan – fully polluted water compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement
X Damage to any sites of issues. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters archeological, cultural, will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. However, historical or religious every effort will be made to avoid any such land acquisition and/or involuntary significance. resettlement. X Efforts will be made to select a water source which is not disputed. Community consent and participation will be ensured to avoid any dispute later.
X Laying of water supply lines and sewerage lines in the same trench will be avoided.
X It will be ensured that the water diversion does not adversely affect any natural fauna or flora of significance. Such schemes will not be developed inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit 2.1 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out, in consultation with the wildlife and forest departments.
X It will be ensured that the water supply scheme does not affect any sites of archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit 2.2 for the list of such sites).
X Excavation for pipe trenches, water channels and ponds will be carried out in a manner that does not alter the natural drainage.
X Surplus soil will be disposed appropriately without blocking water courses and natural streams
X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be employed during construction activities (see waste disposal guidelines in Exhibit 5.5).
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not damage crops, orchards or any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
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Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
C Sewerage System / Sewage X Disturbance of the natural X The sewerage system will be planned in a participatory manner, involving the women Collection / Treatment / drainage/slope of the area, councilors as well.
Disposal System caused by excavation X The land if required for the sewerage system will be obtained through one of the activities three methods described in Item B above. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - X Contamination of ground will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, and surface water during sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated construction activities if affected by the subproject development. However, every effort will be made to
X Dust emissions during avoid any such land acquisition and/or involuntary resettlement. construction activities X It will be ensured that the sewerage collection, transport and disposal system does
X Soil and water not contaminate drinking water. Laying of water supply lines and sewerage lines in contamination caused by the same trench will be avoided. The disposal sites will be constructed at a safe improper sewerage distance and downstream of the drinking water sources. disposal. X It will be ensured that the sewerage management systems include appropriately
X Damage to biological sized treatment and/or safe disposal arrangements. Merely transporting the sewage 20 resources of the area. and releasing it outside the community will not be acceptable. Precautionary measures will be taken against diseases such as malaria that may be caused by the X Involuntary resettlement stagnant water. caused by land acquisition X Appropriate monitoring system will be included in the operating procedures of the X Damage to crops and other system in order to ensure that the system keeps functioning as designed, and does assets caused by the not cause any unforeseen or unexpected impacts. construction activities X It will be ensured that the waste disposal does not adversely affect any natural fauna X Health hazards caused by or flora of significance. The sewerage disposal will not be carried out inside or in the
20 In certain areas, it has become the practice to dispose the sewage outside the boundaries of the tehsil or union, thus creating problems for the adjoining tehsil or union.
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Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations polluted water immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit 2.1 for the list of protected areas
X Damage to any sites of in Balochistan). archeological, cultural, X It will be ensured that the waste is not disposed on any private property.
historical or religious X It will be ensured that the development of sewerage system does not affect any sites significance. of archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit 2.2 for the list of such sites).
X Excavation for pipe trenches and pits will be carried out in a manner that does not alter the natural drainage.
X Surplus soil will be disposed appropriately without blocking water courses and natural streams
X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be employed during construction activities (see waste disposal guidelines in Exhibit 5.5).
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not damage crops, orchards or any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
D Storm Water Drainage System X Disturbance of the natural X It will be ensured that the drainage system does not contaminate drinking water.
drainage/slope of the area, X The drainage system will be designed in accordance with the recorded rainfall data caused by excavation of the area. Appropriate monitoring will be incorporated to ensure its adequate activities capacity.
X Contamination of ground X The drainage system will not discharge into any private land, unless allowed by the and surface water during owner. construction activities X The drainage system will be discharged at appropriate location, preferably at the
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Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations
X Dust emissions during natural drainage of the area. The system will be designed in a manner not to construction activities adversely affect any settlement, cultivation fields, roads and pathways or other public
X Damage to biological areas. Precautionary measures will be taken against diseases such as malaria that resources of the area. may be caused by the stagnant water.
X Damage to crops and other X It will be ensured that the development of drainage system does not affect any sites assets caused by the of archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit 2.2 for the construction activities list of such sites).
X Damage to crops and other X Excavation for trenches and channels will be carried out in a manner that does not assets caused by the alter the natural drainage. improper disposal of storm X Surplus soil will be disposed appropriately without blocking water courses and water. natural streams
X Damage to any sites of X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be employed during construction activities archeological, cultural, (see waste disposal guidelines in Exhibit 5.5).
historical or religious X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not damage crops, orchards or significance. any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
E Fire Fighting System X Disturbance of the natural X The firefighting system will be designed in a participatory manner, involving the drainage/slope of the area, women councilors as well.
caused by excavation X The land if required for the firefighting system (such as for water reservoir) will be activities obtained through one of the three methods described in Item B above. A plan – fully X Contamination of ground compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if and surface water during any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will construction activities also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. However, every
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Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations
X Dust emissions during effort will be made to avoid any such land acquisition and/or involuntary resettlement.
construction activities X Efforts will be made to select a water source which is not disputed. Community X Adverse impacts on natural consent and participation will be ensured to avoid any dispute later.
flora and fauna caused by X It will be ensured that the water diversion does not adversely affect any natural fauna the water diversion. or flora of significance. Such schemes will not be developed inside or in the X Involuntary resettlement immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit 2.1 for the list of protected areas caused by land acquisition in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out, in (for fire stations, water consultation with the wildlife and forest departments.
reservoirs, etc.) X The fire station will have adequate arrangements for solid waste and sewage X Damage to crops and other disposal. The wastes from the repair and maintenance of vehicles and other assets caused by the equipment will be disposed appropriately (waste oils will be provided to oil recycling construction activities facilities, discarded parts will be given away/sold to the recycling contractors).
X Health hazards caused by X It will be ensured that the firefighting system does not affect any sites of polluted water archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit 2.2 for the list
X Damage to any sites of of such sites). archeological, cultural, X Excavation for pipe trenches, water channels and ponds will be carried out in a historical or religious manner that does not alter the natural drainage.
significance. X Surplus soil will be disposed appropriately without blocking water courses and natural streams
X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be employed during construction activities (see waste disposal guidelines in Exhibit 5.5).
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not damage crops, orchards or any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water
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Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations sources/channels).
F Sanitation and Solid Waste X Contamination of ground X The sanitation and solid waste management system will be planned in a participatory Management and surface water during manner, involving the women councilors as well.
construction activities (if X The land if required for the solid waste management system (eg, for disposal site) any) will be obtained through one of the three methods described in Item B above. A plan X Dust emissions during – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement construction activities (if issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and any) squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development.
X Soil and water However, every effort will be made to avoid any such land acquisition and/or contamination caused by involuntary resettlement. improper waste handling X It will be ensured that the waste is not disposed on any private property.
and disposal. X It will be ensured that the waste management system includes safe disposal of X Damage to biological waste. Merely transporting it and throwing it outside the community will not be resources of the area. acceptable. In particular, the waste will not be discharged outside the boundaries of
X Involuntary resettlement the tehsil or union, without obtaining necessary approval/agreement of the concerned caused by land acquisition department, TMA or UA. The arrangements for waste segregation, recycling and reduction must be incorporated in the design of the system. Composting of X Damage to crops and other biodegradable waste should also be considered. assets caused by the construction activities X It will be ensured that the solid waste collection, transport and disposal system does not contaminate drinking water. The disposal sites will be constructed at a safe X Health hazards caused by distance and downstream of the drinking water sources. polluted water. X Appropriate monitoring of the system will be incorporated in the operating procedures X Damage to any sites of in order to ensure proper functioning of the system, and to identify any unforeseen or archeological, cultural, unexpected impacts. historical or religious significance. X It will be ensured that the waste disposal does not adversely affect any natural fauna or flora of significance. The solid waste disposal will not be carried out inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit 2.1 for the list of protected
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-20 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations areas in Balochistan).
X It will be ensured that the development and operation of solid waste management system does not affect any sites of archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit 2.2 for the list of such sites).
X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be employed during construction activities (see waste disposal guidelines in Exhibit 5.5).
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not damage crops, orchards or any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
G Roads and Streets X Contamination of ground X The roads and streets will be planned in a participatory manner, involving the women and surface water during councilors as well.
road/street construction X The land required for constructing the roads and streets will be obtained through one activities of the three methods described in Item B above. A plan – fully compliant with the OP X Dust emissions during 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, construction activities sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated
X Damage to biological if affected by the subproject development. However, every effort will be made to resources of the area. avoid any such land acquisition and/or involuntary resettlement.
X Involuntary resettlement X It will be ensured that the roads and streets do not disturb the natural drainage of the caused by land acquisition area. Culverts and bridges will be appropriately included in the design where required. X Damage to crops and other assets caused by the X It will be ensured that the roads and streets do not adversely affect any natural fauna construction activities or flora of significance. The roads and streets will not be constructed inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit 2.1 for the list of protected areas
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-21 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations
X Noise emissions caused by in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out, in the vehicular traffic consultation with the wildlife and forest departments.
X Safety hazard associated X It will be ensured that the development and usage of roads and streets does not with the vehicular traffic. affect any sites of archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see
X Damage to any sites of Exhibit 2.2 for the list of such sites). archeological, cultural, X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be employed during construction activities historical or religious (see waste disposal guidelines in Exhibit 5.5).
significance. X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not damage crops, orchards or any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not contaminate the drinking water source.
H Street Lighting X Contamination of ground X The street lighting will not be developed inside or in the immediate vicinity of and surface water during protected areas (See Exhibit 2.1 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). If construction activities unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out, in consultation with
X Dust emissions during the wildlife and forest departments. construction activities X It will be ensured that the development of street lighting does not affect any sites of
X Damage to crops and other archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit 2.2 for the list assets caused by the of such sites). construction activities. X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be employed during construction activities
X Damage to any sites of (see waste disposal guidelines in Exhibit 5.5). archeological, cultural, X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not damage crops, orchards or historical or religious any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be significance. compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not contaminate the drinking
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-22 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations water source.
I Traffic Control System, Stops, X Contamination of ground X The land if required for constructing the stops, stands and terminals will be obtained Stands and Terminals and surface water during through one of the three methods described in Item B above. A plan – fully construction activities compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if
X Dust emissions during any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will construction activities also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. However, every effort will be made to avoid any such land acquisition and/or involuntary resettlement. X Soil and water contamination caused by X The location of stops, stands and terminals will be selected in a participatory manner, improper waste disposal. with full consent of the community.
X Damage to biological X The terminals will have adequate number of washrooms and toilets (separate for resources of the area. men and women), as well as waste collection and disposal arrangements.
X Involuntary resettlement X It will be ensured that the waste disposal does not adversely affect any natural fauna caused by land acquisition or flora of significance. The facilities will not be established inside or in the (if any) immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit 2.1 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). X Damage to crops and other assets caused by the X It will be ensured that the establishment and operation of terminals and other construction activities associated facilities does not affect any sites of archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit 2.2 for the list of such sites). The facilities will not X Health hazard caused by be established at or in the immediate vicinity of such sites water pollution X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be employed during construction activities X Damage to any sites of (see waste disposal guidelines in Exhibit 5.5). archeological, cultural, historical or religious X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not damage crops, orchards or significance. any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-23 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations sources/channels).
J Public Libraries X Contamination of ground X Every effort will be made to avoid any land acquisition and/or involuntary and surface water during resettlement for establishing the libraries. However, if unavoidable, the land/building construction activities required for establishing the libraries will be obtained through one of the three
X Dust emissions during methods described in Item B above. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will construction activities be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated X Soil and water if affected by the subproject development. contamination caused by improper waste disposal. X The location of the public libraries will be selected in a participatory manner, with full consent of the community. X Damage to biological resources of the area. X The libraries will have adequate number of washrooms and toilets (separate for men and women), as well as waste collection and disposal arrangements. X Involuntary resettlement caused by land acquisition X It will be ensured that the waste disposal does not adversely affect any natural fauna (if any) or flora of significance. The libraries will not be established inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit 2.1 for the list of protected areas X Damage to crops and other in Balochistan). assets caused by the construction activities X It will be ensured that the establishment and operation of libraries does not affect any sites of archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit 2.2 for X Health hazard caused by the list of such sites). The libraries will not be established at or in the immediate water pollution vicinity of such sites X Damage to any sites of X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be employed during construction activities archeological, cultural, (see waste disposal guidelines in Exhibit 5.5). historical or religious significance. X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not damage crops, orchards or any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not contaminate the drinking
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-24 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
K Slaughter Houses X Contamination of ground X The land required for constructing the slaughter houses will be obtained through one and surface water during of the three methods described in Item B above. A plan – fully compliant with the OP construction activities 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants,
X Dust emissions during sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated construction activities if affected by the subproject development. However, every effort will be made to avoid any such land acquisition and/or involuntary resettlement. X Soil and water contamination caused by X The location of slaughter house will be selected in a participatory manner, with full improper waste disposal. consent of the community. The location will not be selected in close vicinity of any sensitive receptors, such as schools and hospitals. X Damage to biological resources of the area. X The facility will have waste collection and disposal arrangements. Merely transporting the waste and throwing it outside the community will not be acceptable. X Involuntary resettlement In particular, the waste will not be discharged outside the boundaries of the tehsil or caused by land acquisition union, without obtaining necessary approval/agreement of the concerned (if any) department, TMA or UA. Most of the wastes from the slaughter house will be X Damage to crops and other biodegradable, therefore composting should be considered. Other relevant methods assets caused by the include incineration, burial and anaerobic digestion. construction activities X The disposal sites will be constructed at a safe distance and downstream of the X Health hazard caused by drinking water sources. water pollution X Appropriate monitoring of the system – particularly waste disposal – will be X Nuisance caused by incorporated in the operating procedures in order to ensure proper functioning of the unpleasant odor. system, and to identify any unforeseen or unexpected impacts. X Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the waste disposal does not adversely affect any natural fauna archeological, cultural, or flora of significance. The slaughter house will not be established inside or in the historical or religious immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit 2.1 for the list of protected areas significance. in Balochistan).
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-25 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations
X Odor control arrangements will be incorporated in the design of the slaughter house.
X Appropriate EHS and hygiene practices will be followed at the slaughter house. The staff will be provided training for this purpose.
X It will be ensured that the establishment and operation of slaughter house does not affect any sites of archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit 2.2 for the list of such sites). Slaughter houses will not be established at or in the immediate vicinity of such sites
X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be employed during construction activities (see waste disposal guidelines in Exhibit 5.5).
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not damage crops, orchards or any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
L Parks and Playgrounds X Contamination of ground X The parks and playgrounds will be planned in a participatory manner, involving the and surface water during women councilors as well.
construction activities X The land required for developing/constructing the parks and playgrounds will be X Dust emissions during obtained through one of the three methods described in Item B above. A plan – fully construction activities compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if
X Damage to biological any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will resources of the area. also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. However, every effort will be made to avoid any such land acquisition and/or involuntary resettlement. X Involuntary resettlement caused by land acquisition X The parks and playgrounds will not be established inside or in the immediate vicinity (if any) of protected areas (See Exhibit 2.1 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out.
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-26 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Development Schemes and Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Service Delivery Functions Considerations
X Damage to crops and other X It will be ensured that the establishment and operation of parks and playgrounds assets caused by the does not affect any sites of archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance construction activities (see Exhibit 2.2 for the list of such sites). Slaughter houses will not be established
X Damage to any sites of at or in the immediate vicinity of such sites archeological, cultural, X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be employed during construction activities historical or religious (see waste disposal guidelines in Exhibit 5.5).
significance. X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not damage crops, orchards or any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
X It will be ensured that the construction activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water source).
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Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Exhibit 5.2: Participation, Consultation and Disclosure Framework
Stakeholders Project Stage Proposed Tool Consulted/to be Responsibility Consulted PGS Project Meetings with institutional Institutional ESMF Design Phase stakeholders (carried out stakeholders; consultant. during the present Grass root assignment); stakeholders, Meetings with grass root including the stakeholders (carried out communities to be during the present affected during the assignment) project (See Chapter 4 for implementation. stakeholder consultations.) Consultative Workshop to Selected TMA and UA Project disclose the ESMF to the officials; key stakeholders. Selected community representatives; Selected NGOs; Other stakeholders; General public. Subproject Sharing of the subproject Institutional TO (I&S); Identification Phase objectives, project stakeholders (TMA To (Panning); components and major and UA officials, UA Secretary benefits with the affected EPA); communities (and other The beneficiary stakeholders such as communities; EPA), during TMA Council The communities to and Union Council be negatively meetings. impacted (if any). Subproject Sharing of the subproject The beneficiary TO (I&S); Implementation/con potential impacts and communities; UA Secretary struction Phase mitigation measures (as The communities to given in the relevant be negatively Environmental and Social impacted (if any). Review Checklist) with the affected communities, during TMA Council and Union Council meetings. Social and Environmental Councilors; CCBs and TO (I&S); Monitoring of subprojects CBOs; Relevant UA Secretary community
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-29 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Stakeholders Project Stage Proposed Tool Consulted/to be Responsibility Consulted During Subproject Sharing of the subproject The beneficiary TO (I&S); Operation (operation phase) potential communities; UA Secretary Phase/Service impacts and mitigation The communities to Delivery measures (as given in the be negatively relevant Environmental impacted (if any). and Social Review Checklist) with the affected communities, during TMA Council and Union Council meetings. Social and Environmental Councilors; CCBs and TO (I&S); Monitoring of service CBOs; Relevant UA Secretary delivery functions. community
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-30 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Exhibit 5.3: Environmental and Social Awareness Raising and Capacity Building Plan
Description For Whom Responsibility Notes
1 General Mentors; ESC To be conducted environmental and TOs (I&S) and during the annual social awareness other TMA staff; 5-day workshops for raising. TMAs and annual UA Secretaries; Extensive training on 2-day workshops for Other relevant ESMF UAs. staff implementation, and environmental and social management procedures (Section 5.2)
2 Hands-on training on TOs (I&S) and Mentors; To be conducted under the ESMF other TMA staff; ESC the mentoring implementation, and UA Secretaries; program. environmental and ESC to provide hands- social management on training on his/her procedures visit to the TMAs/UAs. (Section 5.2)
3 Environmental and Approved Contractors. NGOs can also be social awareness contractors TOs (I&S) and UA involved in providing raising, and training Secretaries to the trainings to the on implementation of ensure that the contractors mitigation measures. regular contractors conduct these trainings.
4 Environmental and Community, TO (I&S); Outside agencies, social awareness CBOs, CCBs, UA Secretaries such as relevant NGOs raising; Councilors, working in Community Women communities can also participation; Councilors be engaged for this. Dispute resolution and functions of Musalihat Anjuman; Gender mainstreaming; Other associated issues.
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-31 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Exhibit 5.4: Resettlement Policy Framework
Resettlement Principles
The basic resettlement principles and guidelines include the following:
1. The project affected people (PAPs) are defined as those who stand to lose land, houses, structures, trees, crops, businesses, income, livelihood or access to assets/livelihood as a consequence of the proposed project activities. 2. All PAPs are equally eligible for compensation and rehabilitation assistance, irrespective of land ownership status, to ensure that those affected by the project will be at least as well off, if not better off than they would have been without the Project. 3. Absence of title will not be a bar for PAPs to receive compensation and rehab assistance except for compensation for land. Compensation for land will require a title. 4. The compensation packages will reflect replacement costs for all losses (such as lands, crops, trees, structures, businesses, income, etc.). 5. PAPs will be systematically informed and consulted about the project, and RPF will be made available to the affected persons and communities.
6. For land acquired under the LAA (1894), Section 17(4) - the emergency/urgency clause, will not be used in the absence of an emergency/urgency situation. 7. For land purchase, the concept of willing buyer/willing seller at market price and with consensus of both parties will be used. The owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. 8. All assets/infrastructure and livelihood negatively impacted will be compensated at replacement cost (salvage value will not be deducted). 9. All community and religious sites affected by the project activities will be compensated or rebuilt.
10. All public utilities affected/damaged by the project will be compensated. 11. All trees affected by the subprojects will be compensated and affectees allowed salvaging the trees. 12. No land will be acquired without payment of the compensation (except when it is donated, in which case complete documentation will be carried out (see Item B in Exhibit 5.1 for the procedure to be followed in case of land donation).
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-32 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Entitlement Framework
The entitlement framework for the proposed project is provided below.
Definition of Entitled Type of Loss Entitlement Policy Responsibility Persons Loss of Legal users with valid title, o The project affected Tehsil Officer agriculture customary or usufruct persons (PAPs) will be (Planning) land21 rights. entitled to cash compensation for acquired land at market value. o If LAA is used, an amount of 15% will be added to the market price, in accordance with the LAA 1894. o For land purchase, the concept of willing buyer/willing seller at market price and with consensus of both parties will be used. The owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. Tenant, leaseholder and o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer sharecropper reimbursement for un- (Planning) expired lease. The affectees will be compensated for any income loss. PAPs without valid title o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer (vulnerable22 encroachers cash compensation for (Planning) or squatters) affected structures at replacement value/loss of income. Loss of Legal users with valid title, o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer residential, customary or usufruct cash compensation for (Planning) commercial, rights. acquired land at market industrial or value. institutional o If LAA is used, an land amount of 15% will be added to the market price, in accordance with the LAA 1894. o For land purchase, the concept of willing buyer/willing seller at market price and with consensus of both parties will be used. The owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land.
21 In case of land acquisition, Section 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of the emergency/urgency. 22 Vulnerable: below poverty line.
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-33 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Definition of Entitled Type of Loss Entitlement Policy Responsibility Persons Tenant and leaseholder o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer reimbursement for un- (Planning) expired lease. The affectees will be compensated for any income loss. PAPs without valid title o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer (vulnerable encroachers or cash compensation for (Planning) squatters) affected structures at replacement value/loss of income. Structures Owners of affected o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer (residential, structure, with or without cash compensation for (Planning) commercial, legal title, customary or affected structures, or industrial or usufruct rights portion of the structure, institutional) at replacement value. o PAPs will be entitled to allowance to cover the repair cost of the remaining structure. o The affectees will be compensated for any income loss. Loss of Communities/households o Replacement of the Tehsil Officer common common property (Planning) resources and resources/facilities, in facilities consultation with the affectees. o Access to equivalent resources/facilities. Loss of Households who cultivate o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer standing crops the land cash compensation (Planning) equivalent to the market value of damaged crops. Loss of trees Owners of the affected o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer trees (irrespective of the cash compensation (Planning) land title) equivalent to the market value of trees on the basis of type, age and productivity.
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-34 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Definition of Entitled Type of Loss Entitlement Policy Responsibility Persons Loss of public Relevant agencies o Compensation in cash at Tehsil Officer infrastructure replacement cost to (Planning) respective agencies, or o Restoration/repair of the damaged infrastructure in a similar or better condition as before. Loss of or Community and affected o Replacement of religious Tehsil Officer damage to households sites. (Planning) religious sites o Relocation of graves. (eg, mosques, graveyards, shrines)
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-35 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Exhibit 5.5: Waste Disposal Guidelines
Solid Waste
X Recyclable, biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste should be segregated. Toxic waste (such as medical waste) should not be mixed with other waste.
X Recyclable waste should be given to the recycling contractors
X Biodegradable waste should either be used for composting, or sent to the waste disposal site.
X Non-biodegradable waste should be sent to the disposal site. Non-biodegradable non-toxic waste can also be used as filling material.
X Waste disposal site should be located away from water bodies, and downstream of drinking water sources.
X Excess construction material should either be returned to the supplier, or used for other works.
X The disposal should not be carried out on any private land. Sewage
X Sewage should preferably be treated in a treatment plant before final disposal
X Otherwise septic tanks should be constructed.
X Septic tanks should be at least 30 m away from the nearest groundwater well, hand pump or any other drinking water source.
Medical Waste
X Medical waste should be buried separately.
X Disposal site should be away from water bodies and downstream of drinking water sources.
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 5-36 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Appendix A: Stakeholders Consulted
This appendix provides names of the stakeholder consulted during the present assignment. Citations in the Main Report: Sections 4.4 and 4.5.
A.1. Institutional Stakeholders
X Mr Zia-ul-Islam, Director, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Islamabad.
X Mr Tahir Durrani, Assistant Director, Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency, Quetta.
X Mr Amjad Rashid, Taraqee Foundation, Quetta.
X Mr. Tahir Malik, Ex Program Manager, Balochistan Rural Support Program (BRSP), Quetta.
X Mr. Ihtesham Kakar, Balochistan Rural Development & Research Society (BRDRS), Quetta.
X Mr Naseer Memon, Rural development specialist.
X Mr Abdul Wadood Bazai, Field Engineer, Water, Environment and Sanitation Society (WESS), Kalat.
X Ms Rehana Hashmi, Women Political Schools Project, Islamabad.
X Ms Shirin Gul, UNDP, Islamabad.
X Mr Dawood Barrech, Balochistan Area Development Project, Quetta.
A.2. Grass-Root Stakeholders
Loralai
X Mr Azizuddin, DCO, District Loralai
X Mr Mushtaq Ahmed, EDO (Revenue), District Loralai
X Mr Lutuf Ali Jamali, TMO, TMA Loralai
X Mr Shafiq Ahmed, Sub Engineer (Communication and Works), TMA Loralai
X Mr N Jogazai, TMO, TMA Duki
X Mr Mohammad Amin, TO (Regulations), TMA Loralai
X Ms Ghulandam Bibi, Tesil Member, TMA Loralai
X Ms Shahzaz Parveen, Union Councilor, Circle II-City UC, Tehsil Loralai
X Mr Malik Ghulab Shah, Samaji Karkun (Social Worker), Loralai
X Mr Rab Nawaz, TO (Budget), TMA Loralai
X Haji Ilyas Ahmed, Naib NAzim, Circle II-City UC, Tehsil Loralai.
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 A-1 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Ziarat
X Mr M Siddiq Mandokhel, DCO, District Ziarat
X Mr Syed Mehrab Shah, EDO (Revenue), District Ziarat
X Mr Khurshid Alam, EDO (Works), District Ziarat Sanjawi Tehsil (District Ziarat)
X Mr Aftab A Rajput, TMO, TMA Sanjawi
X Mr Mohammad Essa, TO (Regulations), TMA Sanjawi
X Mr Ghulam Mohiuddin, TO (Infrastructure), TMA Sanjawi
X Mr Haji Hyat, Assistant, TMA Sanjawi
X Mr Sardar Asad Khan, Naib Nazim, Tehsil Sanjawi
X Mr Dilip Kumar, Councilor, UC Tehsil Sanjawi
X Mr Haji Faizullah, Community Member
X Mr malik Sultan Niazi, Community Member
X Mr Malik Rehmatullah, Community Member
X Mr Mullah Nazar Mohammad, Community Member
X Mr Haji Baz Mohammad, Community Member
X Mr Haji Ghulam Abbas, Community Member
X Mr Ali Jan, Community Member and Social Worker)
X Mr Musa Jan Dumar, CBO Member
X Mohammad Afzal, Community Member
X Mr Abdul Qayyum, Community Member. Khuzdar
X Mr Sher Khan Bazai, DCO, District Khuzdar
X Mr Abdul Rafiq Hoth, EDO (Revenue), District Khuzdar
X Mr Ayub Baloch, EDO (Works), District Khuzdar
X Mr Nasimullah Mengal, TMO, TMA Moola Kurkh
X Mr Abdul Wahab Moosani, TO (Regulations), TMA Moola Kurkh
X Mr Nooruddin Qureshi, TMO, TMA Nal
X Mohammad Ibrahim Bajoi, Nazim, UC Sasool
X Mr Azad Khan Gashkori, TO (Infrastructure), TMA Nal
X Ms Khaleda Mengal, Councilor
X Mr Hidayatullah Zehri, TO (Infrastructure) and TO (Planning), TMA Zehri
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 A-2 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
X Mr Abdul Qayyum Umrani, TMO, Khuzdar
X Mr Khalid Karim, TMA, Khuzdar
X Mr Mohammad Usman, Community Member, Tehsil Wadh
X Mr Naseer Ahmed, TMO, TMA, Wadh
X Mr Allah Buksh, Sub Engineer, TMA Wadh and TMA Moola
X Mr Wasim Gill, TO (Finance), TMA Nal
X Ms Khan Bibi, Councilor, Khuzdar
X Mr Abdullah Shah Gharsheen, TMA, Khuzdar
X Mr Hamzah Khan, Nazim, UC Wahir
X Mr Abdul Mateen, Sub Engineer, TMA Nal
X Mr Raees Khalil Ahmed, Nazim, UC Naro. Hub
X Mr Zafar Iqbal, TMO TMA Hub
X Mr Abdul Shakoor, TO (Planning), TMA Hub
X Mr Abdul Haq TO (Infrastructure), TMA Hub
X Mr Mohammad Anwar, TO (Regulations), TMA Hub
X Ms Sughra Naz, District Councilor, Lasbela
X Ms Nasima Rind, Councilor, UC Berot,
X Ms Halima Bibi, Councilor, UC Berot
X Ms Hajiani Khadeeja, Councilor, Tehsil Hub
X Ms Kher Bibi M Hussain, Councilor, Tehsil Hub
X Mr Nazir Ahmed Sheikh, Social Worker, Tehsil Hub
X Mr Haji Miandad, Social Worker, Tehsil Hub
X Mr Abdul Sattar Sheikh, Councilor, UC Berot
X Mr Mohammad Ramzan, Councilor, Sakran
X Mr Mohammad Ali, Councilor, UC Berot.
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Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Appendix B
Environmental and Social Manual
for
Tehsil Municipal Administrations (TMAs)
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-1
Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Appendix B: Environmental and Social Manual for TMAs
This appendix provides the environmental and social management procedure for the subprojects to be implemented by TMAs.
B.1. Environmental and Social Management Procedure
Step 1: Initial screening of subprojects
Step 2: Categorization of subprojects
Step 3: Detailed screening of subprojects
Step 4: Environmental and social review of subprojects (through checklists)
Step 5: Implementation of mitigation measures and Environmental and social monitoring
These steps are graphically shown in Exhibit B.1, and discussed in the following sections.
Step 1: Initial Screening
The purpose of this screening is to broadly determine the type of environmental and social assessment to be carried out for each individual subproject. The screening will be carried out on the basis of Schedule I and Schedule II of the EIA/IEE Regulations. The projects listed in Schedule I require an IEE to be conducted, whereas those listed in Schedule II require EIA to be carried out. These schedules are provided in Exhibits B.2 and B.3.
It is unlikely that TMAs will have capacities to conduct the IEEs and EIAs by themselves. It is therefore recommended that the Environmental and Social Coordinator be contacted for this purpose. In addition, NGOs/consultants can also be engaged for this purpose. These studies should be carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines developed by Pak-EPA and other agencies (eg, WB and ADB).
Most of the TMA subprojects are unlikely to fall under the Schedule I and Schedule II. For such subprojects, categorization, detailed screening and environmental and social review (ESR) will be carried out, which are discussed in the subsequent steps.
The initial screening will be carried out at the subproject development stage.
Step 2: Categorization of Subprojects
After the initial screening of the subprojects discussed in Step 1 above, the checklist provided in Exhibit B.4 will be used to categorize each individual subproject (not falling in either of the schedules), with respect to their environmental and social sensitivity. The checklist classifies the subprojects in four categories: low, moderate, high and very high.
The categorization will also be carried out at the subproject development stage.
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Step 3: Detailed Screening of Subprojects
On the basis of categorization discussed in Step 2 above, the type of environmental and social assessment that needs to be carried for each individual subproject will be determined. Generally, for the projects having low environmental and social sensitivity, an ESR will be sufficient. For most of the moderately sensitive projects also, ESR will suffice. However for some of the moderate and high sensitivity subprojects, IEE or EIA may need to be conducted (in addition, RP will be developed if the subproject involves resettlement of 200 or more people, or ARP if it involves resettlement of less than 200 people; the subprojects having high or very high social sensitivity will require the SIA to be carried out; and the subprojects affecting any indigenous people will require the IPDP to be developed). This screening will be carried out in accordance with the checklist provided in Exhibit B.5.
The detailed screening will also be carried out at the subproject development stage.
Step 4: Environmental and Social Review
The ESR will be conducted for each individual subproject (having low or moderate sensitivity as determined in Step 3) with the help of environmental and social checklists provided in Exhibits B.6 to B.16. The relevant checklist for each subproject will be filled during the development stage of the project, and included in the PC1 as well as the execution contracts. These checklists will include mitigation measures to address the adverse impacts of the subprojects.
Step 5: Implementation of Mitigation Measures and Environmental and Social Monitoring
The implementation of the mitigation measures identified through the ESR (discussed in Step 4 above), or through the IEA or IEE studies if carried out as mentioned in Step 1, will have to be carried out during the project execution and operation phases. The environmental and social monitoring will ensure compliance with these mitigation measures, during the subproject execution and operation stages. This monitoring will be carried out on the basis of the checklist developed during the ESR stage (Step 4 above) and included in the PC1 of the subproject (see Exhibits B.6 to B.16).
B.2. ESMF Implementation
The environmental and social mitigation measures provided in this ESMF will be fully integrated in the respective development scheme/subproject. For this purpose the filled Environmental and Social Review Checklists (discussed in Step 4 of Section B.1), will be integral part of the subproject documentation, including PC1 (in case EIA or IEE are conducted for any subprojects, the mitigation plan provided in the EIA/IEE will be made part of the PC1). These filled checklists will also be included in the tender documents and contracts for the work execution, ensuring that the contractors are legally bound to implement the mitigation measures included in the checklists.
During the operation and maintenance stage of the development schemes (such as water supply schemes and slaughter houses), the implementation of mitigation measures identified in the checklists will be the responsibility of the relevant officers of the TMAs (the roles and
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responsibility of TMA officers for ESMF implementation are discussed in the next section below).
Cost of Environmental and Social Management As discussed above, the filled checklists (or the mitigation plans provided in the IEE/EIA if conducted) will be made part of the PC1. Therefore, the associated cost, if any, of implementing the mitigation measures provided in the checklists will also be included in the overall cost of the development subproject/scheme. Hence the environmental and social management cost will be included in the total cost of the works. The ESFPs will ensure that the cost of environmental and social mitigation measures is included in the PC1s/project estimates.
B.3. Organizational Structure, Roles and Responsibilities
The TO (Infrastructure and Services) will be the environmental and social focal point (ESFP) for TMA subprojects. S/he will be assisted by the TO (Planning) and other relevant officials/staff in performing various environmental and social management functions as discussed above.
In addition to the ESFPs discussed above, the environmental and social coordinator (ESC) will also be appointed at the provincial level, as part of the PC of the proposed project. The ESC will provide backstopping and technical support to the TMAs (and UAs), will be responsible for the capacity building of relevant TMA (and UA) staff, particularly the ESFPs, and will also facilitate the effective implementation of the present ESMF. S/he will maintain close liaison with the relevant TMAs (and UAs), for the effective environmental and social management of the subprojects, and will conduct regular visits to the TMAs/UAs and subproject sites, to ascertain the implementation status of the ESMF.
The roles and responsibilities of TO (I & S) and other officials/entities for various stages of the environmental and social management of development subprojects/service delivery functions are tabulated in Exhibit B.17.
The role of community in the environmental and social management of infrastructure subprojects and municipal service delivery functions can not be over-emphasized. In particular, the effective environmental and social monitoring of the service delivery functions on the continuous basis can best be carried out by the community itself. Towards this end, role of community based organizations (CBOs) and citizen community boards (CCBs) is vitally important.
B.4. Environmental and Social Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting
The monitoring, evaluation and reporting systems proposed for the TMAs is provided below. However the proposed reporting formats, frequency and process are flexible and may need some adjustment to ensure compatibility with the overall monitoring and information system that is being designed for the operation.
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B.4.1 Monitoring and Reporting by Environmental and Social Focal Points
The ESFP of each TMA will maintain complete record of the environmental and social management of the subprojects in the respective tehsil. This will include the filled screening forms and checklists (discussed in Section B.1 above), duly completed and signed, and record of the trainings and capacity building programs planned and implemented by the TMAs.
The focal points will also prepare quarterly/six-monthly summaries on the basis of the filled forms and checklists; these summaries will essentially provide information on each subproject regarding the environmental and social review carried out, and the mitigation measures identified and implemented. The summaries will also provide information on the environmental and social trainings conducted during the reporting period. The format of these summaries is provided in Exhibit B.18. These summaries will be used to prepare the environmental and social components of the Quarterly/Six-monthly Monitoring Reports produced by the TMAs.
B.4.2 Quarterly and Annual Reporting by Project Cell
The Project Cell will monitor regularly the programs of the TMAs, and will produce progress reports and an annual report. For these reports, the ESC will be responsible to provide inputs on the environmental and social aspects, on the basis of the social and environmental components of the reports received from the TMAs.
B.4.3 Annual Performance Assessment For each TMA, an annual performance assessment will be carried out, on the basis of which, the TMAs will be eligible for the performance grants. In addition to the other functions performed by the TMAs, these assessments will also cover safeguard (environment and social) component. During these assessments, implementation of the environmental management process described in Section B.1 will be evaluated.
B.4.4 External Safeguard Audit In addition to the above monitoring and evaluation carried out by the TMAs and the PC, an external safeguards (environment and social) audit will also be carried out annually. During these audits, implementation of the environmental and social management procedures described in Section B.1, as well as the effectiveness of these procedures - in terms of any unmitigated environmental and social issues caused by the subprojects/service delivery functions - will be evaluated. These audits will help improve the various aspects of the environmental and social management procedures, in addition to determining the capacity building and awareness raising needs at various levels. This external safeguard audit can be combined with the external audit to be conducted annually for the overall project.
B.5. Capacity Building
The awareness raising and capacity building plan has been developed, which is provided in Exhibit B.19.
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Exhibit B.1: Environmental and Social Management Procedure – TMAs
Subproject Identification/development
Responsibility: TO (I&S)
If subproject falls in Step 1: Initial If subproject falls in Exhibit B.3 Screening with Exhibit B.2 (Sections F, G, H, I the help of (Sections G, H, I or or J), then conduct Schedules I and J), then conduct EIA. II (Exhibits B.2 IEE. and B.3)
If in none of the Schedules
Step 2: Categorization of Responsibility: Subprojects TO (I&S) (Exhibit B.4)
Responsibility: TO (I&S)
If Very High Step 3: If High sensitivity, sensitivity, then Detailed then conduct IEE conduct EIA Screening of (by consultant (by consultant Subprojects engaged by TMA) engaged by TMA) (Exhibit B.5)
Low sensitivity
Step 4: Environmental and Responsibility: Social Review TO (I&S) (Exhibits B.6 to B.16)
Step 5: Responsibility: Implementation of Implementation: Contractor; mitigation measures Monitoring: TO (I&S); ESC; and monitoring Reporting: TO (I&S); ESC (Exhibits B.6 to B.16)
Note: RP/ARP will be developed – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - if the subproject involves involuntary resettlement; the subprojects having high or very high social sensitivity will require the SIA to be carried out; and the subprojects affecting any indigenous people will require the IPDP to be developed. (See Exhibit B.20 for the SIA summary description.)
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Exhibit B.2: Initial Screening (Schedule I - List of Projects Requiring an IEE)
A. Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries 1. Poultry, livestock, stud and fish farms with total cost more than Rs. 10 million. 2. Projects involving repacking, formulation or warehousing of agricultural products. B. Energy 1. Hydroelectric power generation less than 50 MW 2. Thermal power generation less than 200 MW 3. Transmission lines less than 11 KV, and large distribution projects 4. Oil and gas transmission systems 5. Oil and gas extraction projects including exploration, production, gathering systems, separation and storage 6. Waste-to-energy generation projects C. Manufacturing and processing 1. Ceramics and glass units with total cost more than Rs. 50 million 2. Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk and dairy products, with total cost less than Rs. 100 million 3. Man- made fibers and resin projects with total cost less than Rs. 100 million 4. Manufacturing of apparel, including dyeing and printing, with total cost more than Rs. 25 million 5. Wood products with total cost more than Rs. 25 million D. Mining and mineral processing 1. Commercial extraction of sand, gravel, limestone, clay, sulphur and other minerals not included in Schedule II with total cost less than Rs. 100 million 2. Crushing, grinding and separation processes 3. Smelting plants with total cost less than Rs. 50 million E. Transport 1. 1. Federal or Provincial highways (except maintenance, rebuilding or reconstruction of existing metalled roads) with total cost less than Rs. 50 million 2. Ports and harbor development for ships less than 500 gross tons F. Water management, dams, irrigation and flood protection 1. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less than 50 million cubic meters of surface area less than 8 square kilometers 2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than 15,000 hectares 3. Small-scale irrigation systems with total cost less than Rs. 50 million G. Water supply and treatment Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost less than Rs. 25 million H. Waste disposal Waste disposal facility for domestic or industrial wastes, with annual capacity less than 10,000 cubic meters I. Urban development and tourism
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1. Housing schemes 2. Public facilities with significant off-site impacts (e.g. hospital wastes) 3. Urban development projects J. Other projects Any other project for which filing of an IEE is required by the Federal Agency under sub-regulation (2) of Regulation 5.
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Exhibit B.3: Initial Screening (Schedule II - List of Projects Requiring an EIA)
A. Energy 1. Hydroelectric power generation over 50 MW 2. Thermal power generation over 200 MW 3. Transmission lines (11 KV and above) and grid stations 4. Nuclear power plans 5. Petroleum refineries B. Manufacturing and processing 1. Cement plants 2. Chemicals projects 3. Fertilizer plants 4. Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk and dairy products, with total cost of Rs. 100 million and above 5. Industrial estates (including export processing zones) 6. Man-made fibers and resin projects with total cost of Rs. 100 M and above 7. Pesticides (manufacture or formulation) 8. Petrochemicals complex 9. Synthetic resins, plastics and man-made fibers, paper and paperboard, paper pulping, plastic products, textiles (except apparel),printing and publishing, paints and dyes, oils and fats and vegetable ghee projects, with total cost more than Rs. 10 million. 10. Tanning and leather finishing projects C. Mining and mineral processing 1. Mining and processing of coal, gold, copper, sulphur and precious stones 2. Mining and processing of major non- ferrous metals, iron and steel rolling 3. Smelting plants with total cost of Rs.50 million and above D. Transport 1. Airports 2. Federal or Provincial highways or major roads (except maintenance, rebuilding or reconstruction of existing roads) with total cost of Rs. 50 million and above 3. Ports and harbor development for ships of 500 gross tons and above 4. Railway works E. Water management, dams, irrigation and flood protection 1. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume of 50 million cubic meters and above or surface area of 8 square kilometers and above 2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving 15,000 hectares and above F. Water supply and treatment Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost of Rs. 25 million and above
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G. Waste Disposal 1. Waste disposal and/or storage of hazardous or toxic wastes (including landfill sites, incineration of hospital toxic waste) 2. Waste disposal facilities for domestic or industrial wastes, with annual capacity more than 10,000 cubic meters H. Urban development and tourism 1. Land use studies and urban plans (large cities) 2. Large-scale tourism development projects with total cost more than Rs. 50 million I. Environmentally Sensitive Areas All projects situated in environmentally sensitive areas J. Other projects Any other project for which filing of an EIA is required by the Federal Agency under sub-regulation (2) of Regulation 5.
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Exhibit B.4: Categorization of TMA Subprojects
Category (Environmental Tick if Environmental and Social Characteristics or Social Applicable Sensitivity) Environmental Aspects Slopes Subprojects located on steep slope (slope > 30%) High sensitivity Subprojects located on moderate slope (slope 3 to 30%) Moderate sensitivity Subprojects located on flat area (slope < 3%) Low sensitivity Water Bodies Subproject located at or immediately adjacent (less than High sensitivity 10 m away) to any perennial or seasonal water body Subproject located 10 – 100 m away from any perennial Moderate sensitivity or seasonal water body Subproject located more than 100 m from any perennial Low sensitivity or seasonal water body Marine/Estuarine Wetlands Subproject located at or immediately adjacent (less than 10 m away) to mangroves, marshes, creeks, beaches or High sensitivity mudflats Subproject located 10 - 100 m away from mangroves, Moderate sensitivity marshes, creeks, beaches or mudflats Subproject located more than 100 m from mangroves, Low sensitivity marshes, creeks, beaches or mudflats Natural Habitat/Natural Vegetation Subprojects located at or adjacent (less than 10 m away) to natural vegetation of significance, or wildlife area of significance (eg, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuary, Very high sensitivity Game Reserve, Notified Wetland, mangroves, notified forests) Subprojects located 10 – 100 m away from natural High sensitivity vegetation of significance, or wildlife area of significance Subprojects located more than 100 m away from natural Moderate sensitivity vegetation of significance, or wildlife area of significance Social Aspects Resettlement Issues Subprojects resulting into resettlement of more than 200 Very high sensitivity people. Subprojects resulting into resettlement of less than 200 High sensitivity but more than 50 people. Subprojects resulting into resettlement of less than 50 Moderate sensitivity people. Subprojects not resulting into any resettlement issue. Low sensitivity
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Category (Environmental Tick if Environmental and Social Characteristics or Social Applicable Sensitivity) Sites of Archeological, Cultural, Historical or Religious
Significance Subprojects located at or adjacent (less than 10 m away) to any site of archeological, cultural, historical or religious Very high sensitivity significance Subprojects located 10 – 100 m away from any site of High sensitivity archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance Subprojects located more than 100 m away from any site of archeological, cultural, historical or religious Moderate sensitivity significance Population Density Subproject located in densely populated urban area High sensitivity Subproject located in densely populated village/town High sensitivity Subproject located in sparsely populated village/town Moderate sensitivity Subproject located outside village/town Low sensitivity Projects Located at Disputed Sites (local disputes) Subproject located at sites having local disputes (such as High sensitivity disputes over ownership, rights or access) Public Health Issues Subprojects resulting into serious public health issues High sensitivity (eg, contamination of drinking water source) Subprojects resulting into mild public health issues (eg, Moderate sensitivity dust emissions near residential area)
23 Indigenous People Subprojects located where indigenous people exist. Very high sensitivity Subprojects affecting the indigenous people. Very high sensitivity Note: These categories to be used in the Screening Checklist (Exhibit B.5 on the following page) to determine the type of environmental and social assessment to be carried out for each individual subproject.
23 No indigenous people are known to exist in Balochistan. However, this aspect is included in case such people are identified in future.
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Exhibit B.5: Detailed Screening Checklist – TMA Subprojects
Type of Environmental and Social Assessment Needed for Subprojects Different Categories (determined per Exhibit B.4) ESR IEE/SIA EIA/SIA
Development and operation of water Low sensitivity; High sensitivity Very high supply schemes Moderate sensitivity sensitivity
Development and operation of Low sensitivity; High sensitivity Very high sewerage system Moderate sensitivity sensitivity
Development and operation of solid Low sensitivity; High sensitivity Very high waste management system Moderate sensitivity sensitivity
Development and operation of storm Low sensitivity; Very high sensitivity - water drainage system Moderate sensitivity; High sensitivity
Construction of new roads Low sensitivity; High sensitivity Very high Moderate sensitivity sensitivity
Construction/pavement of streets Low sensitivity; Very high sensitivity - Moderate sensitivity; High sensitivity
Development of Parks and Low sensitivity; High sensitivity Very high Playgrounds Moderate sensitivity sensitivity
Installation and maintenance of Street Low sensitivity; High sensitivity Very high lights Moderate sensitivity sensitivity
Construction and operation of Low sensitivity; High sensitivity Very high Slaughter houses Moderate sensitivity sensitivity
Notes:
1. The above categories (low sensitivity; moderate sensitivity; high sensitivity; and high sensitivity) will be determined for each subproject, using the categorization defined in Exhibit B.4.
2. The highest level of sensitivity determined with respect to any of the environmental or social characteristics given in Exhibit B.4 will be used in the above table to determine the type of environmental and social study to be carried out for a given subproject.
3. SIA will be carried out, in addition to IEE or EIA, for projects having high and very high social sensitivity such as those located in densely populated areas, or located at any sites of archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance.
4. In addition to conducting IEE or EIA, RP will be developed if the subproject results in resettlement of 200 or more people, or an ARP if it results in resettlement of less than 200 people.
5. IPDP will have to be developed, in addition to conducting IEE or EIA, if the subproject activities affect any indigenous people.
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Exhibit B.6: Environmental and Social Review Checklists – Spatial Planning
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Notes Social Considerations Relevant a Implemented a Acceptability, participation X The spatial planning should be carried out in a participatory manner, so that and need assessment the local needs and preferences are appropriately addressed. Women of the area should also be included in the consultation process. Land use planning X The spatial plans should identify spaces for all the key types of landuse as applicable, including habitation, cultivation, grazing, markets and bazaars, government and commercial offices, roads, pathways and tracks, public places, open places, mosques, public parks and playgrounds, graveyards, water supply network including ponds, waste disposal arrangements including space/place for solid waste disposal, schools, hospitals/dispensaries, slaughter houses and other buildings/infrastructure. X The spatial plans should be futuristic and cater to the increasing population and expanding infrastructure needs. X Expert inputs should also be obtained, in order to ensure most appropriate and prudent use of each type of land/space. Cumulative impacts X The cumulative impacts of the development activities should also be considered while preparing spatial plans. Public health issues X Spatial plans should address public safety, public health, public nuisance and aesthetic aspects.
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Environmental and Tick if Tick if Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Notes Social Considerations Relevant a Implemented a Water resources X Water sheds and catchment areas for drinking water sources should also given due importance in the spatial plans. Biological resources X Forest and natural vegetation should be given appropriate attention while preparing the spatial plans. The protected areas (national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves) should be dealt with in consultation with the Wildlife Department. X Certain portion of the area must be set aside for forest / tree plantation. This area should generally be about 5-10% of the total area (though this percentage could vary; for example in the forest area such as Ziarat, a higher allocation for forest could be targeted). X Buffer zones should be identified when possible/appropriate between forests and habitation/cultivation. a: To be filled during spatial plan development stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
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Exhibit B.7: Environmental and Social Review Checklists - Water Supply
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage Community participation X The water supply scheme will be designed in a participatory manner, involving the women councilors as well. Involuntary resettlement As an operational principle, involuntary land caused by land acquisition acquisition will be avoided as far as possible through the analysis of alternatives.
The land if required for the water supply schemes will be obtained through one of the following three methods:
X The state land if available will be used for constructing water supply schemes (for ponds and reservoirs).
X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate for the intended purpose (verified by the project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances
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Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
and interests; iv) for any loss of livelihood of vulnerable persons, community derived mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the donation is made to.
X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. See Exhibit B.21 for the Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of any involuntary resettlement caused by the water supply scheme.
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Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b Disputes over water rights X Efforts will be made to select a water source which is not disputed. Health hazards caused by X The water source will be selected keeping in polluted water view water quality, away from contamination sources (such as waste disposal sites). Preferably, water quality will be analyzed at the planning stage.
X Laying of water supply lines and sewerage lines in the same trench will be avoided. Adverse impacts on X It will be ensured that the water diversion natural flora and fauna does not adversely affect any natural fauna caused by the water or flora of significance. Such schemes will diversion. not be developed inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit B.22 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan).
X If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out, in consultation with the wildlife and forest departments.
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Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the water supply archeological, cultural, scheme does not affect any sites of historical or religious archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance. significance (see Exhibit B.23 for the list of such sites). Construction and O&M phases Disturbance of the natural X Excavation for pipe trenches, water channels drainage/slope of the and ponds will be carried out in a manner area, caused by that does not alter the natural drainage. excavation activities X Surplus soil will be disposed appropriately without blocking water courses and natural streams Contamination of ground X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be and surface water during employed during construction and construction and maintenance activities. maintenance activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels). Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction and necessary (provided water availability is not maintenance activities a problem in the area).
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Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b Damage to crops and X It will be ensured that the construction and other assets caused by maintenance activities do not damage crops, the construction and orchards or any other asset/public maintenance activities infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition. General Issues X The water quality will be tested periodically a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
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Exhibit B.8: Environmental and Social Review Checklist - Sewerage System/Sewage Collection/Treatment/Disposal System
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage
Community participation X The sewerage system will be designed in a participatory manner, involving the women councilors as well. Involuntary resettlement As an operational principle, involuntary land caused by land acquisition acquisition will be avoided as far as possible through the analysis of alternatives.
The land if required for the sewerage system will be obtained through one of the following three methods:
X The state land if available will be used.
X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate for the intended purpose (verified by the project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances and interests; iv) for any loss of livelihood of
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Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
vulnerable persons, community derived mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the donation is made to.
X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. See Exhibit B.21 for the Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of any involuntary resettlement caused by the sewerage system. Soil and water X It will be ensured that the sewerage contamination caused by collection, transport and disposal system
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Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b improper sewerage does not contaminate drinking water. disposal. X Laying of water supply lines and sewerage lines in the same trench will be avoided. The disposal sites will be constructed at a safe distance and downstream of the drinking water sources. X It will be ensured that the sewerage management systems include appropriately sized treatment and/or safe disposal arrangements. Merely transporting the sewage and releasing it outside the community will not be acceptable.
Public health issues X The design will address public health issues such as malaria and vector borne diseases caused by standing/stagnant water.
Adverse impacts on X It will be ensured that the waste disposal natural flora and fauna does not adversely affect any natural fauna or flora of significance. The sewerage disposal will not be carried out inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit B.22 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a
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Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
separate environmental study will be carried out. Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the development of archeological, cultural, sewerage system does not affect any sites of historical or religious archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance. significance (see Exhibit B.23 for the list of such sites). Construction and O&M phases Public health issues X Precautionary measures will be taken against spread of diseases such as malaria caused by the standing water released by the sewerage system. Disturbance of the natural X Excavation for pipe trenches and pits will be drainage/slope of the carried out in a manner that does not alter area, caused by the natural drainage. excavation activities X Surplus soil will be disposed appropriately without blocking water courses and natural streams. Contamination of ground X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be and surface water during employed during construction and construction and maintenance activities. maintenance activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be
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Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels). Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction and necessary (provided water availability is not maintenance activities a problem in the area). Damage to crops and X It will be ensured that the construction and other assets caused by maintenance activities do not damage crops, the construction and orchards or any other asset/public maintenance activities infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
X It will be ensured that the waste is not disposed on any private property.
General Issues X Appropriate monitoring system will be X X included in the operating procedures of the system in order to ensure that the system keeps functioning as designed, and does not cause any unforeseen/unexpected impacts. a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
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Prepared by:
Approved by:
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Exhibit B.9: Environmental and Social Review Checklist - Storm Water Drainage
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage
Appropriate Design X The drainage system will be designed in accordance with the recorded rainfall data of the area.
X The drainage system will not discharge into any private land, unless allowed by the owner.
X The drainage system will be discharged at appropriate location, preferably at the natural drainage of the area.
X The system will be designed in a manner not to adversely affect any settlement, cultivation fields, roads and pathways or other public areas.
X The design will cater to any risk to public health, such as malaria caused by standing water.
X The design will address aesthetic aspects with respect to the disposal of storm water (caused by stagnant water).
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-28 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
X The system will be designed in a participatory manner, involving women councilors as well.
Soil and water X It will be ensured that the drainage system contamination caused by does not contaminate drinking water. storm water disposal. Adverse impacts on X It will be ensured that the waste disposal natural flora and fauna does not adversely affect any natural fauna or flora of significance. The rainwater disposal will not be carried out inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit B.22 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out.
Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the development of archeological, cultural, drainage system does not affect any sites of historical or religious archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance. significance (see Exhibit B.23 for the list of such sites).
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-29 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Construction and O&M phases
Disturbance of the natural X Excavation for trenches and channels will be drainage/slope of the carried out in a manner that does not alter area, caused by the natural drainage. excavation activities X Surplus soil will be disposed appropriately without blocking water courses and natural streams
Contamination of ground X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be and surface water during employed during construction and construction and maintenance activities. maintenance activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction activities necessary (provided water availability is not a problem in the area).
Damage to crops and X It will be ensured that the construction and other assets caused by maintenance activities do not damage crops, the construction and orchards or any other asset/public maintenance activities infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-30 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
restored to the original or better condition.
Health risks X Precautionary measures will be taken against spread of diseases caused by standing water (such as malaria). General Issues X Appropriate monitoring will be incorporated to ensure its adequate capacity of the system, and to determine any unforeseen impacts. a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-31 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Exhibit B.10: Environmental and Social Review Checklist - Sanitation and Solid Waste Management
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage Community participation The sanitation and solid waste management system will be designed in a participatory manner, involving women councilors as well. Involuntary resettlement As an operational principle, involuntary land caused by land acquisition acquisition will be avoided as far as possible for waste disposal site. through the analysis of alternatives. The land if required for the solid waste management system will be obtained through one of the following three methods:
X The state land if available will be used.
X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate for the intended purpose (verified by the project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances and interests; iv) for any loss of livelihood of
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-32 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
vulnerable persons, community derived mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the donation is made to.
X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. See Exhibit B.21 for the Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of any involuntary resettlement caused by the establishment of the solid waste management system.
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-33 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Contamination of soil, X It will be ensured that the waste ground and surface water management system includes safe disposal of waste. Merely transporting it and throwing it outside the community will not be acceptable. In particular, the waste will not be discharged outside the boundaries of the tehsil or union.
X The arrangements for waste segregation, recycling and reduction must be incorporated in the design of the system. Composting of biodegradable waste should also be considered.
X It will be ensured that the solid waste collection, transport and disposal system does not contaminate drinking water.
X The disposal sites will be constructed at a safe distance and downstream of the drinking water sources.
Damage to natural X It will be ensured that the waste disposal vegetation and wildlife of does not adversely affect any natural fauna significance or flora of significance.
X The solid waste disposal will not be carried out inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit B.22 for the list
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-34 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out.
Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the development and archeological, cultural, operation of solid waste management historical or religious system does not affect any sites of significance. archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit B.23 for the list of such sites). Construction and O&M phases
Contamination of ground X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be and surface water during employed during construction and construction and maintenance activities. maintenance activities
Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction and necessary (provided water availability is not maintenance activities (if a problem in the area). any)
Damage to crops and X It will be ensured that the waste is not other assets caused by disposed on any private property. the construction and X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities maintenance activities do not damage crops, orchards or any other asset/public infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-35 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
Health hazards caused by X It will be ensured that the construction and polluted water. maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
General Issues X Appropriate monitoring of the system will be incorporated in the operating procedures in order to ensure proper functioning of the system, and to identify any unforeseen or unexpected impacts. a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-36 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Exhibit B.11: Environmental and Social Review Checklist – Firefighting System
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage Community participation X The firefighting system will be designed in a participatory manner, involving the women councilors as well. Involuntary resettlement As an operational principle, involuntary land caused by land acquisition acquisition will be avoided as far as possible through the analysis of alternatives.
The land if required for the firefighting system will be obtained through one of the following three methods:
X The state land if available will be used for constructing firefighting system (for ponds and reservoirs, fire station, etc.)
X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate for the intended purpose (verified by the
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-37 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances and interests; iv) for any loss of livelihood of vulnerable persons, community derived mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the donation is made to.
X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. See Exhibit B.21 for the Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of any involuntary resettlement caused by the firefighting system.
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-38 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b Disputes over water rights X Efforts will be made to select a water source which is not disputed. Soil and water X The fire station will have adequate contamination arrangements for solid waste and sewage disposal. The wastes from the repair and maintenance of vehicles and other equipment will be disposed appropriately (waste oils will be provided to oil recycling facilities, discarded parts will be given away/sold to the recycling contractors). Adverse impacts on X It will be ensured that the water diversion natural flora and fauna does not adversely affect any natural fauna caused by the water or flora of significance. Such schemes will diversion. not be developed inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit B.22 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan).
X If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out, in consultation with the wildlife and forest departments.
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-39 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the firefighting system archeological, cultural, does not affect any sites of archeological, historical or religious cultural, historical or religious significance significance. (see Exhibit B.23 for the list of such sites). Construction and O&M phases Disturbance of the natural X Excavation for pipe trenches, water channels drainage/slope of the and ponds will be carried out in a manner area, caused by that does not alter the natural drainage. excavation activities X Surplus soil will be disposed appropriately without blocking water courses and natural streams Contamination of ground X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be and surface water during employed during construction and construction and maintenance activities. maintenance activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels). Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction and necessary (provided water availability is not maintenance activities a problem in the area).
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-40 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b Damage to crops and X It will be ensured that the construction and other assets caused by maintenance activities do not damage crops, the construction and orchards or any other asset/public maintenance activities infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition. a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-41 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Exhibit B.12: Environmental and Social Review Checklist - Roads and Streets
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage Community participation The roads and streets will be designed and aligned in a participatory manner, involving the women councilors as well. Involuntary resettlement As an operational principle, involuntary land caused by land acquisition acquisition will be avoided as far as possible through the analysis of alternatives.
The land required for the construction of roads and streets will be obtained through one of the following three methods:
X The existing right of way or state land if available will be used.
X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate for the intended purpose (verified by the project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances and interests; iv) for any loss of livelihood of
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-42 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
vulnerable persons, community derived mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the donation is made to.
X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. See Exhibit B.21 for the Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of any involuntary resettlement caused by the construction of roads or streets.
Disturbance of natural X It will be ensured that the roads and streets drainage do not disturb the natural drainage of the
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-43 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
area.
X Culverts and bridges will be appropriately included in the design where required.
Noise emissions caused X The road/street alignment will be decided in by the vehicular traffic consultation and with the consent of the relevant community.
X Noise barriers such as a wall will be constructed to protect sensitive receptors (eg, schools and hospitals).
Damage to natural X It will be ensured that the roads and streets vegetation and wildlife of do not adversely affect any natural fauna or significance flora of significance.
X The roads and streets will not be constructed inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit B.22 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out, in consultation with the wildlife and forest departments.
Safety hazard associated X Awareness raising to be carried out among with the vehicular traffic. the communities regarding safety hazards associated with vehicular traffic.
X Road signage will be included in the design
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-44 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
of the project.
Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the development and archeological, cultural, usage of roads and streets does not affect historical or religious any sites of archeological, cultural, historical significance. or religious significance (see Exhibit B.23 for the list of such sites). Construction and O&M phases
Contamination of ground X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be and surface water during employed during construction and road/street construction maintenance activities. and maintenance activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source.
Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction activities necessary (provided water availability is not a problem in the area).
Damage to crops and X It will be ensured that the construction and other assets caused by maintenance activities do not damage crops, the construction and orchards or any other asset/public maintenance activities infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition. a: To be filled during subproject development stage.
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-45 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-46 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Exhibit B.13: Environmental and Social Review Checklist - Street Lighting
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage
Community participation X The street lighting will be designed in a participatory manner, involving women councilors as well.
Damage/threat to natural X The street lighting will not be developed vegetation and wildlife of inside or in the immediate vicinity of significance protected areas (See Exhibit B.22 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out, in consultation with the wildlife and forest departments.
Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the installation of street archeological, cultural, lighting does not affect any sites of historical or religious archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance. significance (see Exhibit B.23). Construction and O&M phases
Contamination of ground X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be and surface water during employed during construction and construction and maintenance activities. maintenance activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-47 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
the drinking water source.
Damage to crops and X It will be ensured that the construction and other assets caused by maintenance activities do not damage crops, the construction and orchards or any other asset/public maintenance activities. infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition.
Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction and necessary (provided water availability is not maintenance activities a problem). a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-48 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Exhibit B.14: Environmental and Social Review Checklist - Traffic Control System, Transport Stations, Stops, Stands and Terminals
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage
Community participation X The design and location of traffic control system, transport stations, stops, stands and terminals will be selected in a participatory manner, with full consent of the community. The women councilors will also be included in the consultation process. Involuntary resettlement As an operational principle, involuntary land caused by land acquisition acquisition will be avoided as far as possible (if any) through the analysis of alternatives. The land required for establishing the transport stations, stops, stands and terminals will be obtained through one of the following three methods:
X The state land if available will be used.
X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-49 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
for the intended purpose (verified by the project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances and interests; iv) for any loss of livelihood of vulnerable persons, community derived mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the donation is made to.
X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. See Exhibit B.21 for the Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of any involuntary resettlement caused by the establishment of transport stations, stops,
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-50 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
stands and terminals.
Soil and water X The facility will have waste collection and contamination caused by disposal arrangements. improper waste disposal.
Damage/threat to natural X It will be ensured that the waste disposal vegetation and wildlife of does not adversely affect any natural fauna significance. or flora of significance. The transport stations, stops, stands and terminals will not be established inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit B.22 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out.
Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the establishment and archeological, cultural, operation of transport stations, stops, stands historical or religious and terminals does not affect any sites of significance. archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit B.23 for the list of such sites). Transport stations, stops, stands and terminals will not be established at or in the immediate vicinity of such sites. Construction and O&M phases
Contamination of ground X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be and surface water during employed during construction and
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-51 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b construction and O&M maintenance activities. activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction and O&M necessary (provided water availability is not activities a problem in the area).
Damage to crops and X It will be ensured that the construction and other assets caused by maintenance activities do not damage crops, the construction, and O&M orchards or any other asset/public activities infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition. a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-52 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-53 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Exhibit B.15: Environmental and Social Review Checklist: Slaughter Houses
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b Subproject planning and development stage
Community participation X The design and location of slaughter house will be selected in a participatory manner, with full consent of the community. The women councilors will also be included in the consultation process. Involuntary resettlement As an operational principle, involuntary land caused by land acquisition acquisition will be avoided as far as possible (if any) through the analysis of alternatives. The land required for establishing the slaughter house will be obtained through one of the following three methods:
X The state land if available will be used.
X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate for the intended purpose (verified by the project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances and interests; iv) for any loss of livelihood of
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-54 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
vulnerable persons, community derived mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the donation is made to.
X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. See Exhibit B.21 for the Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of any involuntary resettlement caused by the establishment of slaughter house.
Soil and water X The facility will have waste collection and contamination caused by disposal arrangements. Merely transporting
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-55 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b improper waste disposal. the waste and throwing it outside the community will not be acceptable. In particular, the waste will not be discharged outside the boundaries of the tehsil or union.
X Most of the wastes from the slaughter house will be biodegradable, therefore composting should be considered. Other relevant methods include incineration, burial and anaerobic digestion.
X The disposal sites will be constructed at a safe distance and downstream of the drinking water sources.
Health hazard caused by X The facility will have waste collection and water pollution disposal arrangements. The disposal sites will be constructed at a safe distance and downstream of the drinking water sources.
Nuisance caused by X The location will not be selected in close livestock movement and vicinity of any sensitive receptors, such as unpleasant odor. schools and hospitals.
X Odor control arrangements will be incorporated in the design of the slaughter house.
Damage/threat to natural X It will be ensured that the waste disposal vegetation and wildlife of does not adversely affect any natural fauna
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-56 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b significance. or flora of significance. The slaughter house will not be established inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit B.22 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out.
Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the establishment and archeological, cultural, operation of slaughter house does not affect historical or religious any sites of archeological, cultural, historical significance. or religious significance (see Exhibit B.23 for the list of such sites). Slaughter houses will not be established at or in the immediate vicinity of such sites. Construction and O&M phases
Contamination of ground X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be and surface water during employed during construction and construction and O&M maintenance activities. activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction and O&M necessary (provided water availability is not
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-57 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b activities a problem in the area).
Damage to crops and X It will be ensured that the construction and other assets caused by maintenance activities do not damage crops, the construction, and O&M orchards or any other asset/public activities infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition. General Issues X Appropriate EHS and hygiene practices will be followed at the slaughter house. The staff will be provided training for this purpose. X Appropriate monitoring of the system – particularly waste disposal – will be incorporated in the operating procedures in order to ensure proper functioning of the system, and to identify any unforeseen or unexpected impacts. a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date Prepared by:
Approved by:
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-58 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Exhibit B.16: Environmental and Social Review Checklist - Parks and Playgrounds
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage
Community participation The community participation will be ensured while designing/locating parks and playgrounds. The women participation will also be ensured in the consultation process. Involuntary resettlement As an operational principle, involuntary land caused by land acquisition acquisition will be avoided as far as possible (if any) through the analysis of alternatives. The land required for establishing the parks and playgrounds will be obtained through one of the following three methods:
X The state land if available will be used.
X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate for the intended purpose (verified by the project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances and interests; iv) for any loss of livelihood of vulnerable persons, community derived
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 B-59 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the donation is made to.
X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. See Exhibit B.21 for Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of any involuntary resettlement caused by the establishment of playgrounds and parks.
Damage/threat to natural X The parks and playgrounds will not be vegetation and wildlife of established inside or in the immediate vicinity significance. of protected areas (See Exhibit B.22 for the
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Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
list of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out.
Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the establishment and archeological, cultural, operation of playgrounds and parks do not historical or religious affect any sites of archeological, cultural, significance. historical or religious significance (see Exhibit B.23 for the list of such sites). Playgrounds and parks will not be established at or in the immediate vicinity of such sites. Construction and O&M phases
Contamination of ground X Appropriate waste disposal methods will be and surface water during employed during construction and construction and maintenance activities. maintenance activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction and necessary (provided water availability is not maintenance activities a problem).
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Environmental and Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Social Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Damage to crops and X It will be ensured that the construction and other assets caused by maintenance activities do not damage crops, the construction and orchards or any other asset/public maintenance activities infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition. a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
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Exhibit B.17: Roles and Responsibilities - TMAs
Project Phase Task Responsibility Tool Notes
Throughout the Overall backstopping and Environmental and Social Coordination meetings; field - project cycle providing technical support to Coordinator (to be appointed visits; trainings. the environmental and social as part of the PC at the focal points. provincial level) Assistance in capacity building of TMA personnel for environmental and social management, ESMF implementation. ESMF review and updation.
Throughout the Environmental and Social TO (I & S) Environmental and Social - project cycle Focal Pointing Management Framework
Subproject Initial Screening of TO (I & S) Exhibit B.2 and Exhibit B.3 The task can be delegated to identification subprojects lower level as well after stage providing appropriate training.
Subproject Categorization of subprojects TO (I & S) Exhibit B.4. The task can be delegated to design stage lower level as well after providing appropriate training. Detailed screening of TO (I & S) Exhibit B.5. subprojects
Environmental and social TO (I & S) Relevant checklist of Identification of relevant
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Project Phase Task Responsibility Tool Notes
review (ESR) Exhibits B.6 to B.16. mitigation measures; including these measures in the PC1.
Subproject Implementation of Contractors Relevant checklist of Community participation will execution stage environmental and social Exhibits B.6 to B.16. also be ensured for the mitigation measures identified effective implementation of in the ESR. mitigation measures.
Subproject Environmental and social TO (I & S), CCBs, CBOs Relevant checklist of Community participation will execution stage monitoring Exhibits B.6 to B.16. also be ensured for the effective monitoring of mitigation measures.
Periodically Preparing Quarterly Reports TO (I&S) Report format provided in Reports to be sent to ESC. (for each TMA) Exhibit B.18.
Prepare Quarterly Reports ESC - On the basis of the individual (for the entire project) reports received from TMAs (and UAs)
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Exhibit B.18: Quarterly Environmental and Social Summary Format – TMAs Tehsil/Town: Reporting Period: Date: Whether SIA Whether RP Whether carried out (if developed (if Whether the Whether Environmental subproject subproject mitigation measures If mitigation Date of IEE or EIA Description of and Social located in results in identified in ESR measures not Subproject carried Subproject Review carried socially resettlement of Checklist or IEE/EIA implemented, give Identification out? out? sensitive 200 or more implemented? reasons (Yes or No) (Yes or No) areas)? people)? (Yes or No) (Yes or No) (Yes or No)
Number of environmental and social trainings planned: ______
Number of environmental and social trainings conducted: ______.
Name Designation Signature Prepared by: TO (I&S)
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Exhibit B.19: Capacity Building Program
Description For Whom Responsibility Notes
1 General Mentors; ESC To be conducted environmental and TOs (I&S) and during the annual social awareness other TMA staff; 5-day workshops for raising. TMAs Other relevant
Extensive training on staff ESMF implementation, and environmental and social management procedures
2 Hands-on training on TOs (I&S) and Mentors; To be conducted under the ESMF other TMA staff ESC the mentoring implementation, and program. environmental and ESC to provide hands- social management on training on his/her procedures visit to the TMAs.
3 Environmental and Approved Contractors. NGOs can also be social awareness contractors TOs (I&S) to involved in providing raising, and training ensure that the the trainings to the on implementation of regular contractors mitigation measures. contractors conduct these trainings.
4 Environmental and Community, TO (I&S); Outside agencies, social awareness CBOs, CCBs, UA Secretaries such as relevant NGOs raising; Councilors, working in Community Women communities can also participation; Councilors be engaged for this. Dispute resolution and functions of Musalihat Anjuman; Gender mainstreaming; Other associated issues.
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Exhibit B.20: Summary Description of Social Impact Assessment (SIA)
Study Objective:
To assess the existing social and socioeconomic conditions of the subproject area,
To identify likely impacts of the proposed subproject on the human environment of the area, to predict and evaluate these impacts, and determine significance of these impacts, in light of the technical and regulatory concerns,
To propose appropriate mitigation measures that should be incorporated in the design of the project to minimize if not eliminate the adverse impacts,
To assess the compliance status of the proposed activities with respect to the legislation and WB’s social safeguards,
To develop a social management plan (SMP) to provide an implementation mechanism for the mitigation measures identified during the study.
Study Methodology:
The various phases of the SIA study are described below.
Scoping: During this phase, key information on the project would be collected and reviewed. A ‘long list’ of the potential social issues likely to arise as a result of the project would be developed. The stakeholder analysis would also be carried out for the consultation to be carried out subsequently.
Stakeholder Consultation: Stakeholder consultations would be carried out during the SIA study. Meetings would be held in the vicinity of the site with the institutional stakeholders and key social issues discussed. Extensive consultations with the grass root stakeholders would be carried out at the project site. Efforts would be made to solicit the concerns and views of rural women as well. The main objective of the consultations would be to apprise the key stakeholders about the project details, and to obtain their concerns, apprehensions and recommendations regarding the proposed activities.
Data Collection/Compilation: During this phase, data would be collected and compiled, in order to develop a baseline of the project area’s human environment. For this purpose, both review of secondary sources and field data collection would be carried out. Field visits to the site would also be carried out. The secondary resources that would be consulted includ reports of the studies carried out earlier, published books and data, and relevant websites. With the help of these resources a generic profile of the project area would be developed. In addition to the above, extensive field visits would be carried out in order to collect the primary data specific to the project sites. During these field visits, key information on social parameters would be collected.
Impact Assessment: During the impact assessment, the socioeconomic and project information collected in previous steps would be used to determine the potential impacts of the proposed project. Subsequent to this, the potential impacts would be characterized in order to determine their significance. Mitigation measures would be identified where
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required to minimize the significant social impacts. A management framework would also be developed in the form of an SMP for the implementation of the mitigation measures identified during the study. SIA Report Structure
Executive summary
Introduction
Regulatory and Safeguard Review
Subproject Description
Baseline Social and Socioeconomic Conditions
Social Impacts and Mitigation
Social Management and Monitoring System.
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Exhibit B.21: Resettlement Policy Framework
Resettlement Principles
The basic resettlement principles and guidelines include the following:
1. The project affected people (PAPs) are defined as those who stand to lose land, houses, structures, trees, crops, businesses, income, livelihood or access to assets/livelihood as a consequence of the proposed project activities. 2. All PAPs are equally eligible for compensation and rehabilitation assistance, irrespective of land ownership status, to ensure that those affected by the project will be at least as well off, if not better off than they would have been without the Project. 3. Absence of title will not be a bar for PAPs to receive compensation and rehab assistance except for compensation for land. Compensation for land will require a title. 4. The compensation packages will reflect replacement costs for all losses (such as lands, crops, trees, structures, businesses, income, etc.). 5. PAPs will be systematically informed and consulted about the project, and RPF will be made available to the affected persons and communities.
6. For land acquired under the LAA (1894), Section 17(4) - the emergency/urgency clause, will not be used in the absence of an emergency/urgency situation. 7. For land purchase, the concept of willing buyer/willing seller at market price and with consensus of both parties will be used. The owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. 8. All assets/infrastructure and livelihood negatively impacted will be compensated at replacement cost (salvage value will not be deducted). 9. All community and religious sites affected by the project activities will be compensated or rebuilt.
10. All public utilities affected/damaged by the project will be compensated. 11. All trees affected by the subprojects will be compensated and affectees allowed salvaging the trees. 12. No land will be acquired without payment of the compensation (except when it is donated, in which case complete documentation will be carried out.
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Entitlement Framework
The entitlement framework for the proposed project is provided below.
Definition of Entitled Type of Loss Entitlement Policy Responsibility Persons Loss of Legal users with valid title, o The project affected Tehsil Officer agriculture customary or usufruct persons (PAPs) will be (Planning) land24 rights. entitled to cash compensation for acquired land at market value. o If LAA is used, an amount of 15% will be added to the market price, in accordance with the LAA 1894. o For land purchase, the concept of willing buyer/willing seller at market price and with consensus of both parties will be used. The owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. Tenant, leaseholder and o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer sharecropper reimbursement for un- (Planning) expired lease. The affectees will be compensated for any income loss. PAPs without valid title o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer (vulnerable25 encroachers cash compensation for (Planning) or squatters) affected structures at replacement value/loss of income. Loss of Legal users with valid title, o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer residential, customary or usufruct cash compensation for (Planning) commercial, rights. acquired land at market industrial or value. institutional o If LAA is used, an land amount of 15% will be added to the market price, in accordance with the LAA 1894. o For land purchase, the concept of willing buyer/willing seller at market price and with consensus of both parties will be used. The owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land.
24 In case of land acquisition, Section 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of the emergency/urgency. 25 Vulnerable: below poverty line.
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Definition of Entitled Type of Loss Entitlement Policy Responsibility Persons Tenant and leaseholder o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer reimbursement for un- (Planning) expired lease. The affectees will be compensated for any income loss. PAPs without valid title o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer (vulnerable encroachers or cash compensation for (Planning) squatters) affected structures at replacement value/loss of income. Structures Owners of affected o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer (residential, structure, with or without cash compensation for (Planning) commercial, legal title, customary or affected structures, or industrial or usufruct rights portion of the structure, institutional) at replacement value. o PAPs will be entitled to allowance to cover the repair cost of the remaining structure. o The affectees will be compensated for any income loss. Loss of Communities/households o Replacement of the Tehsil Officer common common property (Planning) resources and resources/facilities, in facilities consultation with the affectees. o Access to equivalent resources/facilities. Loss of Households who cultivate o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer standing crops the land cash compensation (Planning) equivalent to the market value of damaged crops. Loss of trees Owners of the affected o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer trees (irrespective of the cash compensation (Planning) land title) equivalent to the market value of trees on the basis of type, age and productivity.
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Definition of Entitled Type of Loss Entitlement Policy Responsibility Persons Loss of public Relevant agencies o Compensation in cash at Tehsil Officer infrastructure replacement cost to (Planning) respective agencies, or o Restoration/repair of the damaged infrastructure in a similar or better condition as before. Loss of or Community and affected o Replacement of religious Tehsil Officer damage to households sites. (Planning) religious sites o Relocation of graves. (eg, mosques, graveyards, shrines)
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Exhibit B.22: Protected Areas in Balochistan
Protected Area Area (ha) Classification Coordinates Name Astola Island (Haft Not recorded Unclassified 25/17 N. 63/50 E. Talar) Bund Khush Dil Khan 1,296 Wildlife Sanctuary 30/36 N. 66/45 E. Buzi Makola 145,101 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Chagai-Seistan Not recorded Unclassified 29/18 N. 64/44 E. Desert Chorani 19,433 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Dhrun 167,700 National Park Not Recorded Dureji 178,259 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Ghurnzadi 6,649 Game Reserve 33/22 - 33/25 N. 71/03 - 71/15 Gogi 7,773 Game Reserve Not Recorded Goth Raisani Game Not recorded Unclassified Not Recorded Reserve Gut 165,992 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Hazar Ganji-Chilttan 15,555 National Park 29/59 - 30/09 N. 66/24 - 66/54 Hingot 165,004 National Park Not Recorded Jawani Beaches Not recorded Unclassified 25/02 N. 61/45 E. Kachai Marai 6,143 Game Reserve 33/34 - 33/41 N. 71/09 - 71/17 Kachau 21,660 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Kambran 211,433 ha Game Reserve Not Recorded Karkhasa 4,049 Game Reserve Not Recorded Kho-e-Geish 24,356 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Khurkhera 18,345 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Kolwah Kap 33,198 Wildlife Sanctuary 26/02 N 64/39 E. Pasni Coastline Not Recorded Unclassified 25/15 N. 63/28 E. Raghai Rakhshan 125,425 Wildlife Sanctuary 27/20 N. 65/20 E. Ras Koh 99,498 Wildlife Sanctuary 28/50 N. 65/06 E. Sasnamana 6,607 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Serajabad Game Not Recorded Unclassified Not Recorded Reserve Shashan 29,555 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded
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Protected Area Area (ha) Classification Coordinates Name Shinawari 5,360 Game Reserve 33/29 - 33/25 N. 70/44 - 70/49 Wam 10,364 Game Reserve 30/27 N. 67/43 E. Zangi Nawar 1,060 Game Reserve 29/27 N. 65/47 E. Zawar Khan 3,887 Game Reserve Not Recorded Ziarat Juniper 37,247 Wildlife Sanctuary 30/24 N. 67/44 E.
Source: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas. Government of Pakistan. 1997.
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Exhibit B.23: Sites of Archeological and Historical Significance
Kachhi Distict 1. Pirak mound, Village Kolachi, Kachhi. Kalat District 2. Nindo Damb, Ornach Valley, Tehsil Wadh, Kalat. Kharan District 3. Fort wall of Jalawar Pass, Jhalawar, Kharn. 4. Fort of Azad Khan (Kharan Fort), Kharan town, Kharan. 5. Pally Kalat, Washbohi, Kharan. 6. Nauroze fort, Nauroze Kharan. 7. Aneient tomb, Jhalawar, Kharan. 8. Har-o-Goke, Garuk, Kharan. Lasbela District 9. Ancestral graveyard of Jam of Lasbela, Babrs, Lasbela. 10. Tomb of General Muhammad Ibn-e-Haroon, Bela Town, Lasbela. 11. Tombs at Hinidan, Pir Mubarak, Lasbela. 12. Chowkhundi (Rumi) graves, Bhawani Sarai, 5 miles from Hub Chowki, Lasbela. Loralai District 13. Tordheri site, Tordheri, Loralai. 14. High cound, Dabarkot, Loralai. 15. Pre-historic mound, Harian Haider Zai, Loralai. Nasirabad District 16. Damb Judeir or Judeir-jo-daro, Deh Jodher No. 2 between Jhatpat and Dera Murad Jamali, Nasirabad. Quetta District 17. Mound No. 2, Village Samangali, west side of Airport, Quetta. 18. Mound No. 1, Village Kotwal near Killi Gul Muhammad, Quetta. 19. Mound No. 3, Damb Sadat, 14 miles from Quetta, Quetta. 20. Mound No. 5, Ahmad Khan Zai, Quetta. 21. Mound No. 7, Kuchlak on Chaman Road, Quetta. 22. Mound NO. 8, Village Samali (Dosak-i-Khasyan), Quetta. 23. Mound No. 9, Village Metar Zai, Quetta. 24. Mound No. 10, Shaikh Manda on Chaman Road, Quetta. 25. Mound No. 11, Village Vauhisar, Quetta. National Monument 26. Ziarat Residency, Ziarat.
Source: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas. Government of Pakistan. 1997.
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Appendix C
Environmental and Social Manual
for
Union Administrations (UAs)
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Appendix C: Environmental and Social Manual for UAs
This appendix provides the environmental and social management procedure for the subprojects to be implemented by the UAs.26
C.1 Environmental and Social Management Procedure
Step 1: Screening of subprojects
Step 2: Environmental and social review of subprojects (through checklists)
Step 3: Implementation of mitigation measures and environmental and social monitoring
These steps are graphically shown in Exhibit C.1, and discussed in the following sections.
Step 1: Screening of UA Subprojects
The purpose of this screening is to determine what kind of environmental and social assessment is to be carried out for each particular subproject. Each subproject will be screened using a simple screening form, provided in Exhibit C.2. If a subproject is located in a sensitive area, it may require an EIA or IEE to be carried out, (in addition to the IEE/EIA, RP will be developed if the subproject involves resettlement of 200 or more people, or ARP if it involves resettlement of less than 200 people; SIA will be carried out for the subprojects having high or very high social sensitivity such as those located in densely populated areas; and IPDP will be developed for the subprojects affecting any indigenous people). Otherwise the subprojects will only require simple environmental and social review (ESR) checklists to be filled and used, during the development and implementation phases of the schemes (ESR checklists are discussed in Step 2 below).
Most of the subprojects implemented by the UAs will not require an EIA or IEE to be carried out. However if such subprojects are encountered, UAs will need to engage consultants or NGOs to conduct these studies. Assistance may also be sought from the ESC proposed as part of the PC.
Step 2: Environmental and Social Review of Subprojects
As described above, for the UA subprojects not located in sensitive locations, the environmental and social review (ESR) will be conducted. For this purpose, simple checklists will be used, which are provided in Exhibits C.3 to C.5. The relevant checklist for each subproject will be filled during the development stage, and included in the PC1 as well as the execution contracts. These checklists will also include mitigation measures, which will be implemented during the implementation/execution of the subprojects.
26 Initially, the environmental and social management procedures described here will be implemented for the single-town Unions; for the remaining UAs, these procedures will be phased in gradually on the basis of the available capacity at the Union Council.
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Step 3: Implementation of Mitigation Measures and Environmental and Social Monitoring
The implementation of the mitigation measures identified through the ESR (discussed in Step 2 above), or through the IEE or EIA if carried out as mentioned in Step 1, will have to be carried out during the project execution and operation phases. During these phases, the environmental and social monitoring will also be carried out, to ensure compliance with these mitigation measures. This monitoring will be carried out on the basis of the checklist developed during the ESR stage (Step 2 above) and included in the PC1 of the subproject (see Exhibits C.3 to C.5).
C.2 ESMF Implementation
The environmental and social mitigation measures provided in this ESMF will be fully integrated in the respective development scheme/subproject. For this purpose the filled Environmental and Social Review Checklists (discussed in Step 2 of Section C.1), will be integral part of the subproject documentation, including PC1 (in case EIA or IEE are conducted for any subprojects, the mitigation plan provided in the EIA/IEE will be made part of the PC1). These filled checklists will also be included in the tender documents and contracts for the work execution, ensuring that the contractors are legally bound to implement the mitigation measures included in the checklists.
During the operation and maintenance stage of the development schemes (such as water supply schemes and slaughter houses), the implementation of mitigation measures identified in the checklists will be the responsibility of the relevant officers of the UAs (the roles and responsibility of UA officers for ESMF implementation are discussed in the next section below).
Cost of Environmental and Social Management As discussed above, the filled checklists (or the mitigation plans provided in the IEE/EIA if conducted) will be made part of the PC1. Therefore, the associated cost, if any, of implementing the mitigation measures provided in the checklists will also be included in the overall cost of the development subproject/scheme. Hence the environmental and social management cost will be included in the total cost of the works.
C.3 Roles and Responsibilities
The Secretary of the UA will be the environmental and social focal point (ESFP) for UA subprojects, for which s/he will have to be provided relevant orientation and training. S/he may have to take assistance from/engage outside agencies, such as TO (I&S) of the TMA, NGOs or consultants, as required.
In addition to the ESFPs discussed above, the environmental and social coordinator (ESC) will also be appointed at the provincial level, as part of the PC of the proposed project. The ESC will provide backstopping and technical support to the UAs (and TMAs), will be responsible for the capacity building of relevant UA (and TMA) staff, particularly the ESFPs, and will also facilitate the effective implementation of the present ESMF. S/he will maintain
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close liaison with the UAs (and relevant TMAs), for the effective environmental and social management of the subprojects, and will conduct regular visits to the TMAs/UAs and subproject sites, to ascertain the implementation status of the ESMF.
The roles and responsibilities of the Secretary and other officials/entities for various stages of the environmental and social management of development subprojects/service delivery functions are tabulated in Exhibit C.6.
Much like the TMA subprojects, the role of community in the environmental and social management of the UA’s infrastructure subprojects and municipal service delivery functions can not be over-emphasized. In particular, the effective environmental and social monitoring of the service delivery functions on the continuous basis can best be carried out by the community itself. Towards this end, role of community based organizations (CBOs) and citizen community boards (CCBs) is vitally important (further discussed below).
C.4 Environmental and Social Documentation and Reporting
The monitoring, evaluation and reporting systems proposed for the UAs is provided below. However the proposed reporting formats, frequency and process are flexible and may need some adjustment to ensure compatibility with the overall monitoring and information system that is being designed for the operation.
C.4.1 Monitoring and Reporting by Environmental and Social Focal Points The ESFP of each UA (the UA Secretary) will maintain complete record of all the screening carried out and ESR checklists filled for each of the UA subprojects, as well as the training programs planned and conducted. S/he will also prepare quarterly summaries on the basis of these checklists and training programs. These summaries will essentially provide information on each subproject regarding the environmental and social review carried out, the mitigation measures implemented, and training programs conducted. The format of these reports is provided in Exhibit C.7. These summaries will be included in the Quarterly Monitoring Reports to be produced by the UAs.
C.4.2 Quarterly and Annual Reporting by Project Cell The Project Cell will monitor regularly the programs of the UAs, and will produce progress reports and an annual report. For these reports, the ESC will be responsible to provide inputs on the environmental and social aspects, on the basis of the social and environmental components of the reports received from the UAs.
C.4.3 Annual Enhanced Audit For the UA’s performance evaluation, an enhanced annual audit will be carried out. During these audits, implementation of the environmental and social management procedure described in Section C.1 will also be evaluated.
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C.4.4 External Safeguards Audit In addition to the above monitoring and evaluation carried out by the UAs and the PC, an external safeguards (environment and social) audit will also be carried out annually. During these audits, implementation of the environmental and social management procedures described in Section C.1, as well as the effectiveness of these procedures - in terms of any unmitigated environmental and social issues caused by the subprojects/service delivery functions - will be evaluated. These audits will help improve the various aspects of the environmental and social management procedures, in addition to determining the capacity building and awareness raising needs at various levels. These safeguard audits can be combined with the annual audits to be carried out for the overall project performance.
C.5. Capacity Building
The awareness raising and capacity building plan has been developed, which is provided in Exhibit C.8.
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Exhibit C.1: Environmental and Social Management Procedure – UA Subprojects
Subproject Identification/development
Responsibility: UA Secretary
If located in very Step 1: If located in highly highly sensitive area, Screening of sensitive area, then then conduct EIA Subprojects conduct IEE (by consultant (Exhibit C.2) (by consultant engaged by UA) engaged by UA)
Low sensitivity
Step 2: Environmental and Responsibility: Social Review UA Secretary (Exhibits C.3 to C.5)
Step 3: Responsibility: Implementation of Implementation: Contractor; mitigation measures Monitoring: UA Secretary and and monitoring communities; (Exhibits C.3 to C.5) Reporting: UA Secretary and ESC.
Note: RP/ARP will be developed – compliant to OP 4.12 - if the subproject involves involuntary resettlement; the subprojects having high or very high social sensitivity will require the SIA to be carried out; and the subprojects affecting any indigenous people will require the IPDP to be developed. (See Exhibit C.9 for the SIA summary description.)
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Exhibit C.2: Screening Form – UA Subprojects
Type of Environmental Characteristics and Social Assessment
Environmental Issues
Slopes
Subprojects located on steep slope (slope > 30%) IEE
Subprojects located on moderate slope (slope 3 to 30%) ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5)
Subprojects located on flat area (slope < 3%) ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5)
Water Bodies
Subproject located at or immediately adjacent (less than 10 m IEE away) to any perennial or seasonal water body
Subproject located 10 – 100 m away from any perennial or ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5) seasonal water body
Subproject located more than 100 m from any perennial or ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5) seasonal water body
Marine/Estuarine Wetlands
Subproject located at or immediately adjacent (less than 10 m IEE away) to mangroves, marshes, creeks, beaches or mudflats
Subproject located 10 - 100 m away from mangroves, marshes, ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5) creeks, beaches or mudflats
Subproject located more than 100 m from mangroves, marshes, ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5) creeks, beaches or mudflats
Natural Habitat/Natural Vegetation
Subprojects located at or adjacent (less than 10 m away) to natural EIA vegetation of significance, or wildlife area of significance (eg, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuary, Game Reserve, Notified Wetland, mangroves, notified forests)
Subprojects located 10 – 100 m away from natural vegetation of IEE significance, or wildlife area of significance
Subprojects located more than 100 m away from natural vegetation ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5) of significance, or wildlife area of significance
Social Issues
Resettlement Issues
Subprojects resulting into resettlement of more than 200 people. EIA, SIA and RP
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Type of Environmental Characteristics and Social Assessment
Subprojects resulting into resettlement of less than 200 but more IEE, SIA and ARP than 50 people.
Subprojects resulting into resettlement of less than 50 people. ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5) and ARP
Subprojects not resulting into any resettlement issue. ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5)
Sites of Archeological, Cultural, Historical or Religious
Significance
Subprojects located at or adjacent (less than 10 m away) to any EIA and SIA site of archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance
Subprojects located 10 – 100 m away from any site of IEE and SIA archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance
Subprojects located more than 100 m away from any site of ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5) archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance
Population Density
Subproject located in densely populated urban area IEE and SIA
Subproject located in densely populated village/town IEE and SIA
Subproject located in sparsely populated village/town ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5)
Subproject located outside village/town ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5)
Projects Located at Disputed Sites (local disputes)
Subproject located at sites having local disputes (such as disputes ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5) over ownership, rights or access) and SIA
Public Health Issues
Subprojects resulting into serious public health issues (eg, IEE contamination of drinking water source)
Subprojects resulting into mild public health issues (eg, dust ESR (Exhibits C.3 to C.5) emissions near residential area)
Indigenous People 27
Subprojects located where indigenous people exist. EIA and IPDP
Subprojects affecting the indigenous people. IEE and IPDP
27 No indigenous people are known to exist in Balochistan. However, this aspect is included in case such people are identified in future.
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Exhibit C.3: Environmental and Social Review Checklist - Water Supply
Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage Community participation X The water supply scheme will be designed in a participatory manner, involving the women councilors as well. Involuntary resettlement As an operational principle, involuntary land caused by land acquisition acquisition will be avoided as far as possible through the analysis of alternatives.
The land if required for the water supply schemes will be obtained through one of the following three methods:
X The state land if available will be used for constructing water supply schemes (for ponds and reservoirs).
X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate for the intended purpose (verified by the
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 C-11 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances and interests; iv) for any loss of livelihood of vulnerable persons, community derived mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the donation is made to.
X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. See Exhibit C.10 for the Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of any involuntary resettlement caused by the water supply
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 C-12 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
scheme. Disputes over water rights X Efforts will be made to select a water source which is not disputed. Health hazards caused by X The water source will be selected keeping polluted water in view water quality, away from contamination sources (such as waste disposal sites). Preferably, water quality will be analyzed at the planning stage.
X Laying of water supply lines and sewerage lines in the same trench will be avoided. Adverse impacts on natural X It will be ensured that the water diversion flora and fauna caused by does not adversely affect any natural the water diversion. fauna or flora of significance. Such schemes will not be developed inside or in the immediate vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit C.11 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan).
X If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out, in consultation with the wildlife and forest departments.
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Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the water supply archeological, cultural, scheme does not affect any sites of historical or religious archeological, cultural, historical or significance. religious significance (see Exhibit C.12 for the list of such sites). Construction and O&M phases Disturbance of the natural X Excavation for pipe trenches, water drainage/slope of the area, channels and ponds will be carried out in a caused by excavation manner that does not alter the natural activities drainage.
X Surplus soil will be disposed appropriately without blocking water courses and natural streams Contamination of ground and X Appropriate waste disposal methods will surface water during be employed during construction and construction and maintenance activities. maintenance activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels). Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction and necessary (provided water availability is
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Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b maintenance activities not a problem in the area). Damage to crops and other X It will be ensured that the construction and assets caused by the maintenance activities do not damage construction and crops, orchards or any other asset/public maintenance activities infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition. a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
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Exhibit C.4: Environmental and Social Review Checklist - Parks and Playgrounds
Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage
Community participation The parks and playgrounds will be designed and located in a participatory manner, involving the women councilors as well. Involuntary resettlement As an operational principle, involuntary land caused by land acquisition (if acquisition will be avoided as far as possible any) through the analysis of alternatives. The land required for establishing the parks and playgrounds will be obtained through one of the following three methods:
X The state land if available will be used.
X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate for the intended purpose (verified by the project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances and interests; iv) for any
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 C-16 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
loss of livelihood of vulnerable persons, community derived mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the donation is made to.
X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. See Exhibit C.10 for the Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of any involuntary resettlement caused by the establishment of playgrounds and parks.
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 C-17 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Damage/threat to natural X The parks and playgrounds will not be vegetation and wildlife of established inside or in the immediate significance. vicinity of protected areas (See Exhibit C.11 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be carried out.
Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the establishment archeological, cultural, and operation of playgrounds and parks do historical or religious not affect any sites of archeological, significance. cultural, historical or religious significance (see Exhibit C.12 for the list of such sites). Playgrounds and parks will not be established at or in the immediate vicinity of such sites. Construction and O&M phases
Contamination of ground and X Appropriate waste disposal methods will surface water during be employed during construction and construction and maintenance activities. maintenance activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 C-18 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction and necessary (provided water availability is maintenance activities not a problem in the area).
Damage to crops and other X It will be ensured that the construction and assets caused by the maintenance activities do not damage construction and crops, orchards or any other asset/public maintenance activities infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition. a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
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Exhibit C.5: Environmental and Social Review Checklist – Public Libraries
Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
Subproject planning and development stage
Community participation X The design and location of public libraries will be selected in a participatory manner, with full consent of the community. Women councilors will also be included in the consultation process. Involuntary resettlement As an operational principle, involuntary land caused by land acquisition (if acquisition will be avoided as far as possible any) through the analysis of alternatives. The land required for establishing the public libraries will be obtained through one of the following three methods:
X The state land if available will be used.
X The land will be donated by the community, in which case complete documentation will be carried out for the title transfer of the land. For any land donated, there will be an agreement – properly notarized - where by the donor will state that: i) the land is donated voluntarily; ii) the land is appropriate for the intended purpose (verified by the
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 C-20 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
project); iii) the land is free of encumbrances and interests; iv) for any loss of livelihood of vulnerable persons, community derived mitigation measures are acceptable to the affectees; v) the donor gives up all claims to the land; and vi) the title has been transferred to the entity that the donation is made to.
X The land will be acquired in accordance with the LAA. The ‘willing seller – willing buyer’ principle will be followed, and the Clause 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of an emergency. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. A plan – fully compliant with the OP 4.12 - will be developed to address the resettlement issues, if any. The tenants, sharecroppers, lease-croppers, encroachers and squatters will also be compensated if affected by the subproject development. See Exhibit C.10 for the Resettlement Policy Framework, which will be used in case of any involuntary resettlement caused by the establishment
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 C-21 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
of public libraries
Soil and water contamination X Facility will have waste collection and caused by improper waste disposal arrangements. disposal.
Damage/threat to natural X Public libraries will not be established vegetation and wildlife of inside or in the immediate vicinity of significance. protected areas (see Exhibit C.11 for the list of protected areas in Balochistan). If unavoidable, a separate environmental study will be conducted.
Damage to any sites of X It will be ensured that the establishment archeological, cultural, and operation of public libraries does not historical or religious affect any sites of archeological, cultural, significance. historical or religious significance (see Exhibit C.12 for the list of such sites). Public libraries will not be established at or in the immediate vicinity of such sites. Construction and O&M phases
Contamination of ground and X Appropriate waste disposal methods will surface water during be employed during construction and construction and O&M maintenance activities. activities X It will be ensured that the construction and maintenance activities do not contaminate the drinking water source (waste will not
Environmental and Social Management Framework; Jan-09 C-22 Balochistan Local Service Delivery and Governance Improvement
Environmental and Social Tick if Tick if Tick if Relevant a Mitigation Measures Notes Aspects/Impacts Relevant a Implemented b
be disposed inside or in the vicinity of water sources/channels).
Dust emissions during X Water sprinkling will be carried out where construction and O&M necessary (provided water is available in activities the area).
Damage to crops and other X It will be ensured that the construction and assets caused by the maintenance activities do not damage construction, and O&M crops, orchards or any other asset/public activities infrastructure. Damaged crops and orchards will be compensated, and damaged buildings/infrastructure will be repaired and restored to the original or better condition. a: To be filled during subproject development stage. b: To be filled during subproject execution stage.
Name Designation Date
Prepared by:
Approved by:
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Exhibit C.6: Roles and Responsibilities – UA Subprojects
Project Phase Task Responsibility Tool Notes
Throughout the Overall backstopping and Environmental and Social Coordination meetings; - project cycle providing technical support to Coordinator (to be appointed field visits, trainings. the environmental and social as part of the PC at the focal points. provincial level) Provide assistance for the capacity building. Review and revision of ESMF.
Throughout the Environmental and Social UA Secretary Environmental and Capacity building of the focal points project cycle Focal Pointing Social Management will be necessary Framework
Subproject Screening of subprojects UA Secretary Exhibit C.2 identification stage
Subproject Environmental and social UA Secretary Relevant checklists of Identification of relevant mitigation design stage review (ESR) Exhibits C.3 to C.5. measures; including these measures in the PC1.
Subproject Implementation of Contractors; Relevant checklists of Community participation will also be execution stage environmental and social Exhibits C.3 to C.5. ensured for the effective mitigation measures identified implementation of mitigation in the ESR. measures.
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Project Phase Task Responsibility Tool Notes
Environmental and social UA Secretary, CCBs, CBOs Relevant checklists of Community participation will also be monitoring Exhibits C.3 to C.5. ensured for the effective monitoring of mitigation measures.
Periodically Preparing Quarterly Reports UA Secretary Report format provided Reports to be sent to ESC. (for each individual UA) in Exhibit C.7.
Preparing Quarterly Reports ESC - Report to be developed on the basis (for the entire project) of the quarterly reports received from environmental focal points at UAs (and TMAs).
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Exhibit C.7: Quarterly Environmental and Social Summary Format – UAs Union: Reporting Period: Date: Whether SIA Whether RP Whether carried out (if developed (if Whether the Whether Environmental subproject subproject mitigation measures If mitigation Date of IEE or EIA Description of and Social located in results in identified in ESR measures not Subproject carried Subproject Review carried socially resettlement of Checklist or IEE/EIA implemented, give Identification out? out? sensitive 200 or more implemented? reasons (Yes or No) (Yes or No) areas)? people)? (Yes or No) (Yes or No) (Yes or No)
Number of environmental and social trainings planned: ______
Number of environmental and social trainings conducted: ______.
Name Designation Signature
Prepared by: UA Secretary
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Exhibit C.8: Capacity Building Program
Description For Whom Responsibility Notes
1 General Mentors; ESC To be conducted environmental and TOs (I&S) and during the annual social awareness other TMA staff; 5-day workshops for raising. TMAs Other relevant
Extensive training on staff ESMF implementation, and environmental and social management procedures
2 Hands-on training on TOs (I&S) and Mentors; To be conducted under the ESMF other TMA staff ESC the mentoring implementation, and program. environmental and ESC to provide hands- social management on training on his/her procedures visit to the TMAs.
3 Environmental and Approved Contractors. NGOs can also be social awareness contractors TOs (I&S) to involved in providing raising, and training ensure that the the trainings to the on implementation of regular contractors mitigation measures. contractors conduct these trainings.
4 Environmental and Community, TO (I&S); Outside agencies, social awareness CBOs, CCBs, UA Secretaries such as relevant NGOs raising; Councilors, working in Community Women communities can also participation; Councilors be engaged for this. Dispute resolution and functions of Musalihat Anjuman; Gender mainstreaming; Other associated issues.
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Exhibit C.9: Summary Description of Social Impact Assessment (SIA)
Study Objective:
To assess the existing social and socioeconomic conditions of the subproject area,
To identify likely impacts of the proposed subproject on the human environment of the area, to predict and evaluate these impacts, and determine significance of these impacts, in light of the technical and regulatory concerns,
To propose appropriate mitigation measures that should be incorporated in the design of the project to minimize if not eliminate the adverse impacts,
To assess the compliance status of the proposed activities with respect to the legislation and WB’s social safeguards,
To develop a social management plan (SMP) to provide an implementation mechanism for the mitigation measures identified during the study.
Study Methodology:
The various phases of the SIA study are described below.
Scoping: During this phase, key information on the project would be collected and reviewed. A ‘long list’ of the potential social issues likely to arise as a result of the project would be developed. The stakeholder analysis would also be carried out for the consultation to be carried out subsequently.
Stakeholder Consultation: Stakeholder consultations would be carried out during the SIA study. Meetings would be held in the vicinity of the site with the institutional stakeholders and key social issues discussed. Extensive consultations with the grass root stakeholders would be carried out at the project site. Efforts would be made to solicit the concerns and views of rural women as well. The main objective of the consultations would be to apprise the key stakeholders about the project details, and to obtain their concerns, apprehensions and recommendations regarding the proposed activities.
Data Collection/Compilation: During this phase, data would be collected and compiled, in order to develop a baseline of the project area’s human environment. For this purpose, both review of secondary sources and field data collection would be carried out. Field visits to the site would also be carried out. The secondary resources that would be consulted includ reports of the studies carried out earlier, published books and data, and relevant websites. With the help of these resources a generic profile of the project area would be developed. In addition to the above, extensive field visits would be carried out in order to collect the primary data specific to the project sites. During these field visits, key information on social parameters would be collected.
Impact Assessment: During the impact assessment, the socioeconomic and project information collected in previous steps would be used to determine the potential impacts of the proposed project. Subsequent to this, the potential impacts would be characterized in order to determine their significance. Mitigation measures would be identified where
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required to minimize the significant social impacts. A management framework would also be developed in the form of an SMP for the implementation of the mitigation measures identified during the study. SIA Report Structure
Executive summary
Introduction
Regulatory and Safeguard Review
Subproject Description
Baseline Social and Socioeconomic Conditions
Social Impacts and Mitigation
Social Management and Monitoring System.
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Exhibit C.10: Resettlement Policy Framework
Resettlement Principles
The basic resettlement principles and guidelines include the following:
1. The project affected people (PAPs) are defined as those who stand to lose land, houses, structures, trees, crops, businesses, income, livelihood or access to assets/livelihood as a consequence of the proposed project activities. 2. All PAPs are equally eligible for compensation and rehabilitation assistance, irrespective of land ownership status, to ensure that those affected by the project will be at least as well off, if not better off than they would have been without the Project. 3. Absence of title will not be a bar for PAPs to receive compensation and rehab assistance except for compensation for land. Compensation for land will require a title. 4. The compensation packages will reflect replacement costs for all losses (such as lands, crops, trees, structures, businesses, income, etc.). 5. PAPs will be systematically informed and consulted about the project, and RPF will be made available to the affected persons and communities.
6. For land acquired under the LAA (1894), Section 17(4) - the emergency/urgency clause, will not be used in the absence of an emergency/urgency situation. 7. For land purchase, the concept of willing buyer/willing seller at market price and with consensus of both parties will be used. The owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. 8. All assets/infrastructure and livelihood negatively impacted will be compensated at replacement cost (salvage value will not be deducted). 9. All community and religious sites affected by the project activities will be compensated or rebuilt.
10. All public utilities affected/damaged by the project will be compensated. 11. All trees affected by the subprojects will be compensated and affectees allowed salvaging the trees. 12. No land will be acquired without payment of the compensation (except when it is donated, in which case complete documentation will be carried out.
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Entitlement Framework
The entitlement framework for the proposed project is provided below.
Definition of Entitled Type of Loss Entitlement Policy Responsibility Persons Loss of Legal users with valid title, o The project affected Tehsil Officer agriculture customary or usufruct persons (PAPs) will be (Planning) land28 rights. entitled to cash compensation for acquired land at market value. o If LAA is used, an amount of 15% will be added to the market price, in accordance with the LAA 1894. o For land purchase, the concept of willing buyer/willing seller at market price and with consensus of both parties will be used. The owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land. Tenant, leaseholder and o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer sharecropper reimbursement for un- (Planning) expired lease. The affectees will be compensated for any income loss. PAPs without valid title o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer (vulnerable29 encroachers cash compensation for (Planning) or squatters) affected structures at replacement value/loss of income. Loss of Legal users with valid title, o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer residential, customary or usufruct cash compensation for (Planning) commercial, rights. acquired land at market industrial or value. institutional o If LAA is used, an land amount of 15% will be added to the market price, in accordance with the LAA 1894. o For land purchase, the concept of willing buyer/willing seller at market price and with consensus of both parties will be used. The owner will have the right to refuse to sell the land.
28 In case of land acquisition, Section 17 of the LAA will not be used, in the absence of the emergency/urgency. 29 Vulnerable: below poverty line.
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Definition of Entitled Type of Loss Entitlement Policy Responsibility Persons Tenant and leaseholder o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer reimbursement for un- (Planning) expired lease. The affectees will be compensated for any income loss. PAPs without valid title o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer (vulnerable encroachers or cash compensation for (Planning) squatters) affected structures at replacement value/loss of income. Structures Owners of affected o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer (residential, structure, with or without cash compensation for (Planning) commercial, legal title, customary or affected structures, or industrial or usufruct rights portion of the structure, institutional) at replacement value. o PAPs will be entitled to allowance to cover the repair cost of the remaining structure. o The affectees will be compensated for any income loss. Loss of Communities/households o Replacement of the Tehsil Officer common common property (Planning) resources and resources/facilities, in facilities consultation with the affectees. o Access to equivalent resources/facilities. Loss of Households who cultivate o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer standing crops the land cash compensation (Planning) equivalent to the market value of damaged crops. Loss of trees Owners of the affected o PAPs will be entitled to Tehsil Officer trees (irrespective of the cash compensation (Planning) land title) equivalent to the market value of trees on the basis of type, age and productivity.
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Definition of Entitled Type of Loss Entitlement Policy Responsibility Persons Loss of public Relevant agencies o Compensation in cash at Tehsil Officer infrastructure replacement cost to (Planning) respective agencies, or o Restoration/repair of the damaged infrastructure in a similar or better condition as before. Loss of or Community and affected o Replacement of religious Tehsil Officer damage to households sites. (Planning) religious sites o Relocation of graves. (eg, mosques, graveyards, shrines)
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Exhibit C.11: Protected Areas in Balochistan
Protected Area Area (ha) Classification Coordinates Name Astola Island (Haft Not recorded Unclassified 25/17 N. 63/50 E. Talar) Bund Khush Dil Khan 1,296 Wildlife Sanctuary 30/36 N. 66/45 E. Buzi Makola 145,101 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Chagai-Seistan Not recorded Unclassified 29/18 N. 64/44 E. Desert Chorani 19,433 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Dhrun 167,700 National Park Not Recorded Dureji 178,259 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Ghurnzadi 6,649 Game Reserve 33/22 - 33/25 N. 71/03 - 71/15 Gogi 7,773 Game Reserve Not Recorded Goth Raisani Game Not recorded Unclassified Not Recorded Reserve Gut 165,992 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Hazar Ganji-Chilttan 15,555 National Park 29/59 - 30/09 N. 66/24 - 66/54 Hingot 165,004 National Park Not Recorded Jawani Beaches Not recorded Unclassified 25/02 N. 61/45 E. Kachai Marai 6,143 Game Reserve 33/34 - 33/41 N. 71/09 - 71/17 Kachau 21,660 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Kambran 211,433 ha Game Reserve Not Recorded Karkhasa 4,049 Game Reserve Not Recorded Kho-e-Geish 24,356 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Khurkhera 18,345 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Kolwah Kap 33,198 Wildlife Sanctuary 26/02 N 64/39 E. Pasni Coastline Not Recorded Unclassified 25/15 N. 63/28 E. Raghai Rakhshan 125,425 Wildlife Sanctuary 27/20 N. 65/20 E. Ras Koh 99,498 Wildlife Sanctuary 28/50 N. 65/06 E. Sasnamana 6,607 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Serajabad Game Not Recorded Unclassified Not Recorded Reserve Shashan 29,555 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded
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Protected Area Area (ha) Classification Coordinates Name Shinawari 5,360 Game Reserve 33/29 - 33/25 N. 70/44 - 70/49 Wam 10,364 Game Reserve 30/27 N. 67/43 E. Zangi Nawar 1,060 Game Reserve 29/27 N. 65/47 E. Zawar Khan 3,887 Game Reserve Not Recorded Ziarat Juniper 37,247 Wildlife Sanctuary 30/24 N. 67/44 E.
Source: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas. Government of Pakistan. 1997.
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Exhibit C.12: Sites of Archeological and Historical Significance
Kachhi Distict 1. Pirak mound, Village Kolachi, Kachhi. Kalat District 2. Nindo Damb, Ornach Valley, Tehsil Wadh, Kalat. Kharan District 3. Fort wall of Jalawar Pass, Jhalawar, Kharn. 4. Fort of Azad Khan (Kharan Fort), Kharan town, Kharan. 5. Pally Kalat, Washbohi, Kharan. 6. Nauroze fort, Nauroze Kharan. 7. Aneient tomb, Jhalawar, Kharan. 8. Har-o-Goke, Garuk, Kharan. Lasbela District 9. Ancestral graveyard of Jam of Lasbela, Babrs, Lasbela. 10. Tomb of General Muhammad Ibn-e-Haroon, Bela Town, Lasbela. 11. Tombs at Hinidan, Pir Mubarak, Lasbela. 12. Chowkhundi (Rumi) graves, Bhawani Sarai, 5 miles from Hub Chowki, Lasbela. Loralai District 13. Tordheri site, Tordheri, Loralai. 14. High cound, Dabarkot, Loralai. 15. Pre-historic mound, Harian Haider Zai, Loralai. Nasirabad District 16. Damb Judeir or Judeir-jo-daro, Deh Jodher No. 2 between Jhatpat and Dera Murad Jamali, Nasirabad. Quetta District 17. Mound No. 2, Village Samangali, west side of Airport, Quetta. 18. Mound No. 1, Village Kotwal near Killi Gul Muhammad, Quetta. 19. Mound No. 3, Damb Sadat, 14 miles from Quetta, Quetta. 20. Mound No. 5, Ahmad Khan Zai, Quetta. 21. Mound No. 7, Kuchlak on Chaman Road, Quetta. 22. Mound NO. 8, Village Samali (Dosak-i-Khasyan), Quetta. 23. Mound No. 9, Village Metar Zai, Quetta. 24. Mound No. 10, Shaikh Manda on Chaman Road, Quetta. 25. Mound No. 11, Village Vauhisar, Quetta. National Monument 26. Ziarat Residency, Ziarat.
Source: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas. Government of Pakistan. 1997.
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