Journal of Linguistics the Journal of the Linguistics Association of Great Britain

Journal of Linguistics The Journal of the Linguistics Association of Great Britain

Editors Journal of Linguistics Nigel Fabb, University of Strathclyde, UK is available online at: Caroline Heycock, University of Edinburgh, UK http://journals.cambridge.org/lin Robert D. Borsley, University of Essex, UK

Journal of Linguistics has as its goal to publish articles that make a clear contribution to current debate in all branches of theoretical linguistics. The journal To subscribe contact also provides an excellent survey of recent linguistics Customer Services publications, with around thirty book reviews in each volume and regular review articles on major works in Cambridge: marking important theoretical advances. Phone +44 (0)1223 326070 Fax +44 (0)1223 325150 ‘The Journal of Linguistics is one of the top journals for Email [email protected] theoretical linguistics. It’s chock full of new ideas and wonderfully free of theoretical orthodoxy.’ Ivan Sag, in New York: Stanford University. Phone +1 (845) 353 7500 Fax +1 (845) 353 4141 Email [email protected] Price information is available at: http://journals.cambridge.org/lin

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language teaching language teaching surveys and studies surveys and studies The international research resource for language professionals journals.cambridge.org/lta Editorial policy language teaching is an international peer-reviewed journal dedicated to providing up-to-date surveys, commentary and insights into current and recent research agendas in second-language teaching and learning broadly understood, and to Founding Editorial Team promoting replication studies in the field. Although the survey articles are commissioned, they undergo a thorough reviewing Christopher Brumfit, John Higgins, Valerie Kinsella, George Perrin and John Trim procedure by members of the journal’s editorial and advisory boards and by external reviewers from the submission of a written outline of the paper to pre-final drafts of the full text. Potential authors are welcome to submit proposals for survey Editor articles on new topics or topics not covered sufficiently in the past volumes of the journal. Papers describing replication Graeme Porte, University of Granada, Spain studies are unsolicited and subject to similarly rigorous peer-review process and final editorial decision as to publication. The survey articles fall into a number of categories, depending on whether the focus is on international research on a given Editorial Board topic or a specific language, or on significant research conducted in a given country or wider geographical region. The journal’s Martin Bygate, Lancaster University Ernesto Macaro, University of Oxford sections State-of-the-Art Article, A Language in Focus, A Country in Focus, and Surveys of Ph.D./Ed.D. Theses reflect these briefs. Mike Byram, Durham University Ms Susan Maingay, King's College London Each state-of-the art article is accompanied by an in-depth review of a number of recent books on a similar topic. Michael Carrier, The British Council Waldemar Martyniuk, ECML, Austria The journal also publishes accounts of research in progress in the form of articles based on keynote speeches delivered at international conferences and seminars, and in the form of short reports from research groups around the world. Potential Charlotte Franson, Canterbury Christ Church University Florence Myles, University of Newcastle authors are welcome to submit proposals for these forms of publication. Youping Han, CILT, London Jenny Pugsley, Trinity College London Richard M. Johnstone, University of Stirling Keith Richards, University of Warwick All submissions should consist of original work that has not been previously published and is not under consideration else- Marie-Madeleine Kenning, University of East Anglia Barbara Sinclair, University of Nottingham where. Authors of articles published in language teaching assign copyright to Cambridge University Press (with certain rights David Little, University of Dublin Catherine Walter, University of Oxford reserved). Authors will be asked to complete an appropriate form and send it to the publisher.

Advisory Board Christine Goh, National Institute of Education, Singapore On publication, the author(s) of the main state-of-the-art paper receive a copy of the journal issue in which their work appears Marta Antón, Indiana University, USA Claire Kramsch, University of California, Berkeley, USA and all authors receive a PDF file with the final version of their contribution. Larissa Aronin, University of Haifa, Israel Jo Lewkowicz, University of Warsaw, Poland George Braine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Rebecca L. Oxford, University of Maryland, USA Submission of manuscripts Anne Burns, Macquarie University, Australia Nina Spada, OISE, University of Toronto, Canada All manuscripts are to be submitted electronically in Word or PDF files to Graeme Porte ([email protected]). Following the David Carless, University of Hong Kong Erwin Tschnirner, Universität Leipzig, Germany review/editorial process, authors must be prepared to submit their work formatted in MS Word in the format specified in the Jasone Cenoz, University of the Basque Country Rosemary Wildsmith-Cromarty, University of Natal, Instructions for Contributors. Authors using other formatting programs will be advised by the editor as necessary. Alexander Gilmore, University of Tokyo, Japan South Africa Preparation of manuscripts Please consult the Instructions for Contributors at journals.cambridge.org/lta before embarking on the preparation of the final Editorial correspondence version of the manuscript for publication. The Instructions include full guidelines on the components and the format of the Dr Graeme Porte [email protected] manuscripts, including the house-style for references and final-version submission of table and figure files. Depto. de Filologías Inglesa y Alemana, Campus Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, España The language of the journal is English. Authors whose native language is not English are recommended to arrange for satisfac- Copying tory proof-reading before submitting. This journal is registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Organisations in the USA who are also registered with C.C.C. may therefore copy material (beyond the limits permitted by sections 107 and 108 of US Proofs copyright law) subject to payment to C.C.C. of the per-copy fee of $12.00. This consent does not extend to multiple copying for Corresponding authors will be informed by e-mail that the proof of their contribution is available for collection in the form of promotional or commercial purposes. Code 0261-4448/2011. a PDF file. Promptly afterwards, they will send their proof corrections electronically, as instructed on downloading the file. Organisations authorised by the Copyright Licensing Agency may also copy material subject to the usual conditions. ISI Tear Sheet Service, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA is authorised to supply single copies of separate articles for private use only. For all other use, permission should be sought from the Cambridge or New York offices of the Cambridge University Press. Information on language teaching and all other Cambridge journals can be accessed via journals.cambridge.org Subscriptions The subscription price (which includes electronic access to institutional subscribers, but excludes VAT) of Volume 44, 2011, is £169, $289 in USA, Canada and Mexico for institutions £40, $75 in USA, Canada and Mexico for individuals when ordering direct from the Press and certifying that the journal is for their personal use. Single parts cost £42, $71 in USA, Canada and Mexico plus postage. The electronic-only price is available to institutional subscribers for £142, $249 in USA, Canada and Mexico. Four issues of language teaching (ISSN 0261–4448) (published in January, April, July and October) form a volume. A complete volume may be pur- chased at the subscription price (which includes postage by air where appropriate) if payment is made before publication of the volume is complete. Orders, which must be accompanied by payment, may be sent to a bookseller or to Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8RU or in the USA, Canada or Mexico, to Cambridge University Press, The Journals Fulfillment Department, 100 Brook Hill Drive, West Nyack, New York 10994–2133. EU subscribers (outside the UK) who are not registered for VAT should add VAT at their country’s rate. VAT registered subscribers should provide their VAT registration number. Japanese prices for institutions (including ASP delivery) are available from Kinokuniya Company Ltd, P.O. Box 55, Chitose, This journal issue has been printed on FSC-certified paper and cover board. FSC is an independent, non-governmental, Tokyo 156, Japan. not-for-profit organization established to promote the responsible management of the world’s forests. Please see www.fsc.org Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY and at additional mailing offices, POSTMASTER: send address changes in USA, Canada for information. and Mexico to language teaching, Cambridge University Press, 100 Brook Hill Drive, West Nyack, New York 10994–2133.

The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred Printed in the United Kingdom by the University Press, Cambridge to in this journal, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. All URLs referenced in this journal were correct approximately two months before publication. Abstracting and indexing services IBZ International Bibliography of Periodical Literature; IBR International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature; Periodicals Index Online; Linguistic Abstracts Online; British Education Index; ERIC (European Reference Index for the Humanities); Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts; MLA International Bibliography; Bibliographie Moderner Fremdsprachenunterricht; Scopus; Arts and Humanities Citation Index; Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 24 Sep 2021 at 04:36:24, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000024 02614448_44-2.qxd 1/17/11 4:08 PM Page 1 VOLUME 44 PART 2 APRIL 2011 VOLUME 44 PART 2 APRIL 2011 VOLUME 44 PART 2 APRIL 2011

ISSN: 0261-4448 language teaching language SURVEYS AND STUDIES

Contents

STATE-OF-THE-ART ARTICLE 137 Alan Juffs and Michael Harrington Aspects of working memory in L2 learning teaching RESEARCH TIMELINE 167 Rebecca L. Oxford Strategies for learning a second or foreign language language teaching

A COUNTRY IN FOCUS 181 Christiane Dalton-Puffer, Renate Faistauer and Eva Vetter Research on language teaching and learning in Austria (2004–2009) SURVEYS AND STUDIES PLENARY SPEECHES 212 Andy Kirkpatrick English as an Asian lingua franca and the multilingual model of ELT 225 Nina Spada Beyond form-focused instruction: Reflections on past, present and future research

SURVEYS OF PH.D. THESES 237 Sigrid Behrent, Sabine Doff, Nicole Marx and Gudrun Ziegler Review of doctoral research in second language acquisition in Germany (2006–2009)

RESEARCH IN PROGRESS 262 Celeste Kinginger; Jasone Cenoz and Durk Gorter Pages 137–279 American Association for Applied Linguistics Colloquia, 2010

COMPARATIVE BOOK REVIEW 266 David Dixon Recent literature concerning the support of initiatives promoting language learner autonomy around the world 277 PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED 279 FORTHCOMING IN LANGUAGE TEACHING

Cambridge Journals Online For further information about this journal please go to the journal website at: journals.cambridge.org/lta Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 24 Sep 2021 at 04:36:24, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000024