Knjiga Izvoda 3

Knjiga izvoda 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

24-26.11.2017. U Novom Sadu

3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine „EkoBioMorfa 2017“

Knjiga izvoda

24-26.11.2017. U Novom Sadu 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine „EkoBioMorfa 2017“ KNJIGA IZVODA

Izdavač Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić“ Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2 21000 Novi Sad

Publisher Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”

Glavni urednici Milica Atlagić i Nikola Milić

Članovi uredništva Marko Maričić, Jovana Koturov, Aleksandar Đukić, Bojana Matić, Dunja Vukčević

Dizajn i priprema za štampu Kalman Moldvai [email protected]

Štampa Štamparija „BOJE“ Petefi Šandora 62 21000 Novi Sad Tel.: 021 505 112, 060 6540064 www.stamparijaboje.rs

Tiraž 200

ISBN 978-86-900177-0-6 Sadržaj

Šumanović S. Prilog poznavanju brioflore SP „Slapovi Sopotnice“ Contribution to the knowledge of the bryoflora to the NM “Slapovi Sopotnice” ...... 11 Milić N. & Tmušić G. Prilog poznavanju flore Vlasinske visoravni Contribution to the flora of Vlasina Plateau ...... 13 Milić N., Vuković D., Bolesnikov I., Tmušić G. Prilog poznavanju flore Spomenika prirode „Slapovi Sopotnice“ Contribution to the flora of Natural Monument “Slapovi Sopotnice” ...... 14 Vukotić M., Milić N., Tmušić G. Letnji aspekt flore kanjona Velikog Rzava na teritoriji sela Roge, Svračkovo i Drežnik Summer flora of the Rzav River canyon on the territory of villages Roge, Svračkovo and Drežnik ...... 16 Dimic M., Kocoska H., Karadelev M., Rusevska K. Biodiversity of macromycetes on Jakupica Mountain ...... 17 Marić N. & Vukčević D. Biodiverzitet makrogljiva na području Spomenika prirode „Slapovi Sopotnice“ Biodiversity of macrofungi in the area of Natural Monument “Slapovi Sopotnice” ...... 18 Maričić M., Urošević A., Pomorišac G., Ćoso D., Petrović D., Grabovac D., Popović M., Surla A., Medenica I., Avramović S., Golubović A. Od kućnog ljubimca do invazivnog predatora - priča o Trachemys scripta ssp. u Srbiji From a pet to an invasive predator – story of Trachemys scripta ssp. in Serbia ...... 20 Maričić M., Petrović Đ., Tot I. Istraživanje faune gmizavaca, vodozemaca i zglavkara na planini Cer, sa osvrtom na vrste značajne za „Natura2000“ Research of reptiles, amphibians and arthropods on the Cer Mountain, with a review of species significant for Natura2000 ...... 22 Šević M. Istraživanje diverziteta stonoga (Myriapoda) na planini Cer Research on diversity of myriapods (Myriapoda) on Cer Mountain ...... 27 Mavrić Z. & Šabanagić B. Spermatofori skolopendromorfnih stonoga (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): potencijalno taksonomsko obeležje grupe Spermatophore in scolopendromorph centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): a potential group taxonomical feature ...... 29 Ademović N. & Zuković A. Prvi slučaj parazitizma kriptopidne stonoge (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) nematomorfnim crvom (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae) First case of cryptopidae centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) as host for horsehair worms (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae) ...... 31 Kačarević U. & Karan Žnidaršič T. Raznovrsnost lišajskih Tardigrada na području Beograda Variety of lichen Tardigrades in Belgrade area ...... 33 Hasanović E. & Bajramlić H. Promena u karakteristikama adaptivne vrednosti gubara (Lymantria dispar L.) kao posledica adaptacije na različite biljke domaćine Fitness related trait changes in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) as effect of adaptation to different host plants ...... 35 Taseska A., Cvetkovska-Gjorgjievska A., Prelić D., Blazhevska R. Population dynamics of Aptinus merditanus Apfelbeck, 1918 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) on Jablanica MT, south-west Macedonia ...... 37 Cvetkovska-Gjorgjievska A., Prelić D., Hristovski S., Mancevska A., Tasevska A., Blazhevska R. The effects of altitude on reproduction strategies and hibernation type of ground-beetles on Belasica Mt...... 37 Matić B. & Tot I. Dnevni leptiri Spomenika prirode „Slapovi Sopotnice“ i okoline zaštićenog područja (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) Butterflies of the Natural Monument “Slapovi Sopotnice” and the surrounding protected area (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) ...... 38 . Đukić A., Rajkov S., Tot I., Hudak S., Skejo J., Milutinović A., Nikolić M. Vilini konjici (Insecta: Odonata) na području PIO „Vlasina” Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) of Landscape of Outstanding Features Vlasina ...... 40 Pavlov A., Slavevska - Stamenković V., Hinić J. An updated checklist of aquatic invertebrates in Dojran Lake and its watershed (R.Macedonia) ...... 42 Slavevska - Stamenković V., Hinić J., Pavlov A. New data about the occurrence of larvae of Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979 (Odonata: Cordulegastridae) in R.Macedonia ...... 42 Hinić J., Pavlov A., Ivanova L., Arsovska J., Slavevska - Stamenković V., Rebok K., Ristovska M. Updated distribution of Astacus astacus (Linnaeus 1758) and Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank 1803) in the Republic of Macedonia: conservation approach ...... 43 Rimcheska B. & Vidinova Y. New country records of Metreletus balcanicus (Ulmer, 1920) (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) from R.Macedonia ...... 44 Rimcheska B., Tyufekchieva V., Slavevska - Stamenković V. First data on the stoneflies (Plecoptera, Insecta) from the Orevovechka Reka River watershed, R.Macedonia ...... 44 Kulić K., Pokrajac J., Milivojević A. Faunistička analiza zajednice makrobeskičmenjaka i procena ekološkog statusa reke Pek Faunistic analysis of macroinvertebrate community and ecological quality assessment of the Pek River ...... 45 Stanković J., Stamenković O., Kulić K. Procena kvaliteta vode srednjeg toka reke Rzav na osnovu sastava zajednice makrozoobentosa The quality assessment of the water mid stream flow of the Rzav River based on the community composition of macrozoobenthos ...... 46 Maksimović M., Pavlović B., Lakićević M. Vrednovanje kriterijuma upravljanja nacionalnim parkovima pomoću metoda AHP Evaluation of criteria for management of national parks using the AHP method ...... 51 Dočkal I., Goletić Š., Bahtijarević A., Durgut S., Dizdarević S. Istraživanje nivoa svijesti građana o važnosti šišmiša za okoliš Questionnaire: The evaluation of citizen’s awareness on importance of bats for the environment...... 53 Brđanin E. & Đurđević D. Istraživanje svijesti građana o održivom razvoju na primjeru opštine Rožaje (Crna Gora) Measuring citizens’ awareness on sustainable development on the example of the municipality of Rožaje (Montenegro) ...... 55 Hasanović A. M. Prooksidacioni efekti elektromagnetnog polja u humanim fibroblastima pluća Prooxidative effects of electromagnetic fields in human lung fibroblasts ...... 57 Đukanović N. CIRBP, temperatura i geni biološkog sata CIRBP, temperature and clock genes ...... 59 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

Predgovor

Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić“ je nevladina i neprofitna organizacija pri Departmanu za biologiju i ekologiju, Prirodno-matematičkog fakulteta u Novom Sadu. Dru štvo je osnovano 1974. godine, a donošenjem Statuta 1983. zvanično počinje sa radom. Kroz razne aktivnosti, kao što su naučno-istraživački kampovi, predavanja, edukativne radionice, Društvo okuplja studente biologije, ekologije i srodnih nauka, ali i sve one koji žele da se uključe u neki vid ovih aktivnosti. Osnovna ideja NIDSBE „Josif Pančić” jeste približavanje metoda i principa naučno-istraživačkog rada, pre svega mladima, kroz aktivno učenje na terenu, sticanje praktičnog iskustva i učestvovanje u izradi naučno-istraživačkih radova. Društvo pruža studentima mogućnost učešća na realizaciji multidisciplinarnih projekata u okviru biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine. Do sada je realizovan veliki broj različitih projekata sa tematikom popularizacije nauke, edukacije, aktivne zaštite prirode i biodiverziteta, kao i očuvanja životne sredine. Kako je naučno-istraživački rad i promocija istog bitan deo rada Društva, 2008. godine se organizuje prvi Seminar studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine „EkoBioMorfa“ u naselju Belo Blato, opština Zrenjanin. Cilj seminara je bio razvoj naučno-istraživačke ideje, kao i popularizacija iste među studentima. Drugi ovakav skup, pod nazivom Druga konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine „EkoBioMorfa“, se organizuje 5 godina kasnije, ovaj put u Novom Sadu. Na konferenciji su studenti imali priliku da prezentuju rezultate svojih istraživanja kolegama i stručnjacima iz datih oblasti. Veliki značaj ove konferencije su bile izuzetno plodne diskusije, pri čemu su profesori, stručnjaci za date grupe organizama, davali konstruktivne savete, kako i na koji način studenti mogu da unaprede svoja istraživanja u budućnosti. Četiri godine kasnije, Društvo organizuje Treću konferenciju studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine „EkoBioMorfa 2017“. Cilj konferencije je ostao isti, popularizacija naučno-istraživačkog rada među studentima, kao i podsticanje na publikovanje rezultata istraživanja. Konferencija je ovaj put imala me- đunarodni karakter, gde su učešće uzeli studenti iz Makedonije, Bosne i Hercegovine, Crne Gore, Hrvatske i Slovenije. Pored izlaganja studentskih radova, učesnici su imali priliku da slušaju predavanja o temama vezanim za zaštitu prirode, učestvuju u panel diskusiji, ali i da steknu nova poznanstva i mogućnosti za buduću saradnju. Dragi čitaoci, sa ponosom predstavljamo knjigu izvoda sa Treće konferencije studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine „EkoBioMorfa 2017“, u nadi da će i u narednim godinama studenti nastaviti ovako vredno da rade i publikuju svoje rezultate.

Urednički tim „EkoBioMorfa 2017“

Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

Prvi dan

Botanika, mikologija, herpetologija Botany, micology, herpetology

Članovi komisije Comission members

Boris Radak, Eleonora Bošković, Marko Đurakić

Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

PRILOG POZNAVANJU BRIOFLORE SP „SLAPOVI SOPOTNICE“

Sanja Šumanović1*

1Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić“, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Briofite su jedna od najjednostavnije građenih grupa biljaka. To su biljke relativno niskog rasta koje nemaju diferencirana tkiva. Pripadnici razdela Bryophyta su izgrađeni od stabaoceta sa listićima (listaste ma- hovine), dok su Marchantiophyta i Anthocerotophyta taloidno građene. Za razliku od ostalih vaskularnih bi ljaka, kod njih dominira gametofit koji vrši sve vegetativne funkcije, najčešće je višegodišnji, samostalan, zelen i morfološki složeniji od sporofita. Uglavnom su kosmopoliti, retko endemiti, naročito su prisutne na vlažnim mestima što je uslovljeno procesom reprodukcije.Upotrebljavaju se kao bioindikatori zagađenosti vazduha. Me- taboliti koji im omogućavaju otpornost na gljivične i bakterijske infekcije koriste se u medicini i farmaciji. Spomenik prirode „Slapovi Sopotice“ se odlikuje velikim florističkim bogatstvom, visokom vlažnošću, kao i slabim antropogenim uticajem. Shodno uslovima sredine koji vladaju na ovom području, može se očeki- vati i veliko bogatstvo flore mahovina, koja nije dovoljno proučena. Jedini podaci za briofloru ovog područja, potiču iz studije zaštite. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi floristički sastav mahovina na dva istraživana lokaliteta u okviru SP „Slapovi Sopotnice“. Terensko istraživanje brioflore na području SP „Slapovi Sopotnice“ sprovedeno je tokom maja 2017. godine na dva lokaliteta - Gornjem i Velikom vodopadu. Uzorkovanje je vršeno SRS metodom, odnosno metodom jednostavnog slučajnog uzorkovanja. Prikupljeni uzorci su spakovani u papirne kovertice i zatim determinisani pomoću ključeva za determinaciju. Ukupno je identifikovano 16 taksona briofita, od kojih sedam vrsta pripadaju jetrenjačama. Najra sprostranjenije su vrste Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener, Metzgeria conjugata Lindb., Conocephalum conicum (L.) Underw. i Brachythecium sp., prisutne na oba lokaliteta. U poređenju sa vrstama koje se navode u studiji zaštite ovog područja, 12 godina kasnije uočavamo prisustvo sedam vrsta koje u prethodnoj studiji nisu zabeležene. To su tri vrste mahovina -Isothecium myosuroides Brid., Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebeneri, Neckera crispa Hedw., kao i četiri vrste jetrenjača – Calypogeia fissa (L.) Raddi, Lejeunea cavifolia (Ehrh.) Lindb., Lophozia excisa (Dicks.) Dumort. i Metzgeria conjugata Lindb. Imajući u vidu da je uzorkovanje vršeno u kratkom periodu i na malom prostoru, velika je verovatno- ća da je broj vrsta briofita na ovom području daleko veći. Obzirom na slabu istraženost i veliki značaj briofita za ekosisteme, bilo bi poželjno u narednom periodu vršiti obimnija istraživanja sa sezonskom dinamikom.

Ključne reči: briofite, Sopotnica

11 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BRYOFLORA TO THE NM “SLAPOVI SOPOTNICE”

Sanja Šumanović1* 1Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić“, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Bryophytes are one of the simplest plants. These plants are of relatively low growth and do not have differentiated tissues. Members of the Bryophyta division are built of a creeping stem and tiny leaves (leafy moss), while Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta are taloidically built. Different from other vascular plants, the gametophyte generation is dominant and does all the vegative functions, it is perennial, autonomous, green and morphologically more complex than the sporophyte generation. They are mostly cosmopolitan, rarely endemic, and are specifically present in wet places, which is conditioned by the reproduction process. They are used as bioindicators of air pollution. Bryophytes produce metabolites that provide them resistance to fungal and bacterial infections which can be used in medicine and pharmacy. The NM “Slapovi Sopotnice” is distinguished by its rich floral richness, high humidity and low anthropogenic influence. In accordance with the environmental conditions that prevail in this area, rich bryophyte flora is expected, but has not been sufficiently studied. The only data about bryoflora of this area is from the study on the protection of this area. The aim of this research was to determine the floristic composition of mosses at two localities within the NM “Slapovi Sopotnice”. Field research of the bryoflora in the area of NM “Slapovi Sopotnice” was conducted in May 2017 at two localities - Upper and Big waterfall. Sampling was performed using the SRS method (Simple Random Sampling). The collected samples were packed in paper envelopes and then identified using identification keys. A total of 16 taxa of Bryophytes were identified, out of which seven belog to liverworts.The most common species were Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener, Metzgeria conjugata Lindb., Conocephalum conicum (L.) Underw. and Brachythecium sp., present at both localities. Compared to the species found during the study on the protection of this area 12 years later, seven new species were recored.These are three species of mosses - Isothecium myosuroides Brid., Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener and Neckera crispa Hedw., and four species of liverworts - Calypogeia fissa (L.) Raddi, Lejeunea cavifolia (Ehrh.) Lindb., Lophozia excisa (Dicks.) Dumort. and Metzgeria conjugata Lindb. Bearing in mind that the sampling was carried out in a short period of time and in a small area, the number of species of bryophytes in this area is most likely much higher. Given that bryophytes are poorly researched in this area and are of great importance for ecosystems, it would be advisable to undertake extensive research of them with seasonal dynamics.

Key words: bryophyta, Sopotnica

12 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

PRILOG POZNAVANJU FLORE VLASINSKE VISORAVNI

Nikola Milić1*, Goran Tmušić1 1 Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Vlasinsko područje u jugoistočnoj Srbiji predstavlja srednjeplaninski predeo značajnih visinskih raspona i istovremeno jednu od najrasprostranjenijih zona kristalastih škriljaca u našoj zemlji. Područje obuhvata planinski plato prosečne nadmorske visine 1000-1300 m koji je sa svih strana opkoljen visokim planinama rodopskog planinskog masiva i vrhovima Čemernika, Vardenika, Plane i Bukove glave. U centralnom delu Vlasinske visoravni nalazi se duboka depresija sa veštačkom akumulacijom, Vlasinskim jezerom, kojim je potopljena jedna od najvećih tresava Balkana. Raznovrsnost i specifičnost biotopa Vlasinskog područja uslovili su visok diverzitet flore, vegetacije, faune i ekosistema, koji se odlikuju izraženim stepenom reprezentativnosti, autohtonosti i autentičnosti prirodnih karakteristika i kao takvo oduvek je bilo zanimljivo biolozima. Istraživanja flore i vegetacije ovog dela jugoistočne Srbije koja je započeo Josif Pančić 1880. godine nastavljena su tokom studentskih naučno-istraži- vačkih kampova. Cilj ovih istraživanja je bio bolje upoznavanje flore opisanog područja, te se u ovim radom predstavljaju rezultati sa naučno-istraživačkih kampova. Terenska istraživanja u okviru studentskih kampova u organizaciji Naučno-istraživačkog društva studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić“ vršena su tokom jula 2013. i maja 2016. godine. Po sprovedenom terenskom istraživanju, uzorkovan biljni materijal je herbarizovan. Identifikacija biljnog materijala vršena je dihotomim ključevima na osnovu morfoloških karaktera i uz pomoć ikonografija. Statusi zaštite određeni su prema Zakonu zaštite prirode u Srbiji i prema odgovarajućim referentnim listama. Prilikom istraživanja potvrđeno je prisustvo 252 vrste biljaka, dok se devet vrsta ne nalazi na pre thodno publikovanim florističkim spiskovima. Registrovano je ukupno 49 vrsta koje su zaštićene Zakonom o zaštiti prirode Srbije i 27 vrsta koje se nalaze na IUCN-ovoj crvenoj listi ugroženih vrsta. Pored autohtonih vrsta zabeleženo je i nekoliko alohtonih, invazivnih i potencijalno invazivnih vrsta. Dugu tradiciju florističkih istraživanja potrebno je nastaviti i u narednom periodu. Fokus budućih istraživanja bi trebalo da se stavi na mapiranje i monitoring alohtonih, potencijalno invazivnih taksona na ovom području, kako bi se sprečilo njihovo širenje na račun autohtonih i zaštićenih vrsta i time očuvalo prirodno bogastvo ovog područja.

Ključne reči: flora, prilog, Vlasinska visoravan

CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF VLASINA PLATEAU

Nikola Milić1*, Goran Tmušić1 1Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

The Vlasina region in southeastern Serbia simultaneously represents a fairly mountainous area of significant altitudinal ranges and one of the most widespread zones of foliated metamorphic rocks in our country. The region is a mountainous plateau of an average altitude between 1000-1300m, which is surrounded by the

13 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine high mountains of the Rhodope massif and the mountain peaks of Čemernik, Vardenik, Plana and Bukova gla- va. Located in the central part of the Vlasina plateau, there is a deep depression and an artificial accumulation, Lake Vlasina. One of the largest peat bogs in the Balkans was flooded by this lake. The diversity and the specificity of biotopes of the Vlasina region conditioned a high diversity of flora, vegetation, fauna and ecosystem, that feature high levels of representativeness, indigenous and authentic natural characteristics and as so, it has always been interesting to biologists. Research of the flora and vegetation of this south-eastern part of Serbia, that Josif Pančić started in 1880 was continued through student scientific research camps. The goal of these researches was to get better acquainted with the flora of the described region and, therefore, results of the scientific research camps are presented in this paper. Field researches that were organized within student camps by the Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology students “Josif Pančić” took place during July 2013 and May 2016. After finishing field research, sampled plant material was herbarized. Identification of plant material was done using dichotomous key and iconographies based on morphological characteristics of the plant. Protection criteria were determined by the Law on nature protection in Serbia and according to the appropriate reference lists. During the research presence of 252 plant species was confirmed, out of which nine plant species were not found on previously published floristic lists. Altogether, 49 plant species that are protected by Law on nature protection in Serbia were recorded and 27 plant species belong to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Besides indigenous species, there has been record of introduced, invasive and potentially invasive species. The long tradition of floristic research is needed to be continued in the periods to come. The focus of the future researches should be placed on mapping and monitoring of introduced and potentially invasive taxons of this area in order to prevent their spreading at the expense of indigenous and protected species, thus preserving the natural wealth of this area.

Key words: contribution, flora, Vlasina Plateau

PRILOG POZNAVANJU FLORE SPOMENIKA PRIRODE „SLAPOVI SOPOTNICE“

Nikola Milić1*, Darija Vuković1, Isidora Bolesnikov1, Goran Tmušić1 1 Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Selo Sopotnica se nalazi na teritoriji opštine Prijepolje, u jugozapadnoj Srbiji, na zapadnim padinama planine Jadovnik, na nadmorskoj visini od 820 m do 1245 m. U ataru sela nalazi se Spomenik prirode „Slapovi Sopotnice“ koji obuhvata izvorište površinskog toka reke Sopotnice, sa više stalnih i povremenih karstnih vrela i izvora koji, spajajući se, formiraju seriju vodopada. U saradnji sa Planinarskim klubom „Kamena gora“ započeta su biološka istraživanja, a time i ispiti- vanja flore i vegetacije ovog područja. Istraživanja sprovedena u poslednje dve godine upotpunila su floristički spisak, a njihovi rezultati su predstavljeni u ovom radu. Prikupljanje podataka je vršeno tokom 2016. i 2017. godine, obuhvatajući tri aspekta: ranoprolećni, prolećni i letnji. Analizirano područje je zaštićeno prirodno dobro Spomenik prirode „Slapovi Sopotnice“ i bliža okolina koja obuhvata sledeće tipove staništa: livada, bukova šuma, četinarska šuma, vlažno stanište (uz potok) i ruderalno stanište (kraj puta). Sav biljni materijal je sakupljen u okviru studentskih istraživačkih kampova

14 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

Naučno-istraživačkog društva studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić“, koji su se održavali u protekle dve godine. Uzorkovan biljni materijal je herbarizovan i identifikovan pomoću dihotomih ključeva i ikonografija, na osnovu morfoloških karakteristika. Dobijeni rezultati su upoređeni sa do sada publikovanim florističkim podacima koji se tiču SP „Slapovi Sopotnice“. Tokom dvogodišnjeg istraživanja evidentirano je prisustvo 295 biljnih vrsta. Od toga 148 vrsta koje do sada nisu beležene u flori SP „Slapovi Sopotnice“ i bliže okoline, te sada ukupan broj zabeleženih biljnih vrsta iznosi 535. Među novim zabeleženim vrstama najzastupljenije familije su Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae i Poaceae, a najčešći rodovi su Campanula, Carex, Euphorbia, Trifolium i Veronica. Imajući u vidu izuzetno florističko bogatstvo ovog područja, potrebno je nastaviti njegovo proučava- nje, kako bi se još bolje upoznale njegove vrednosti i upotpunio postojeći floristički spisak.

Ključne reči: flora, prilog, Sopotnica

CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF NATURAL MONUMENT “SLAPOVI SOPOTNICE”

Nikola Milić1*, Darija Vuković1, Isidora Bolesnikov1, Goran Tmušić1 1Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Sopotnica village is located in the territory of Prijepolje municipality, in southwestern Serbia, on the western slopes of Jadovnik Mountain, at an altitude of 840 m to 1245 m. In the area of the village, there is a Natural monument “Slapovi Sopotnice“ which includes river Sopotnica spring with several permanent and oc- casional karst springs which, merging, form a series of waterfalls. In cooperation with the hiking club “Kamena Gora”, biological research was initiated as well as flora and vegetation research. The aim of the research, which was carried out over the last two years, was to upgrade the existing floristic list. The results are presented in this paper. Field studies were conducted during 2016 and 2017, covering three aspects: early spring, spring and summer. The researched area is a protected natural good - Natural monument “Slapovi Sopotnice“ and it’s clos- er surrounding which includes the following types of habitat: meadow, beech forest, coniferous forest, humid habitat (along with the stream) and ruderal habitat (by the road). The plant material was collected throughout students research camps, within Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić“, which were organized during the last two years. Sampled material was herbarized and identified using the dichotomous keys and iconographies, according to the morphological characteristics. The obtained results were compared to the formerly published results about flora in the Natural monument “Slapovi Sopotnice“. Throughout the two-year research, the presence of 295 plant species was recorded, out of which 148 plants have not been recorded in the flora of the Natural monument “Slapovi Sopotnice“ and its environment before, and now the total number of registered plant species is 535. Among the newly recorded species, the most frequent families are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Poaceae and the most common genera are Campan- ula, Carex, Euphorbia, Trifolium and Veronica. Considering the exceptional floristic potential of this area, it is necessary to continue the research, in order to get to know more about its features and to expand the existing floral list.

Key words: contribution, flora, Sopotnica

15 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

LETNJI ASPEKT FLORE KANJONA VELIKOG RZAVA NA TERITORIJI SELA ROGE, SVRAČKOVO I DREŽNIK

Milan Vukotić1*, Nikola Milić1, Goran Tmušić1 1Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije ,,Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Veliki Rzav je reka koja se nalazi u jugozapadnom delu Srbije. Izvire u podnožju planine Mučanj, sa dužinom toka od 62 km i predstavlja jednu od najčistijih reka u Srbiji. Terenska istraživanja vršena su u dva navrata, u periodu od 28. do 29.07.2017. na teritoriji sela Roge i Svračkovo, i od 16. do 17.08.2017. na teritoriji sela Drežnik. Biljni material je sakupljan na različitim tipovima staništa sa naglaskom na lokalitete koji će direktno ili indirektno biti ugroženi izgradnjom akumulacionog jezera za potrebe buduće hidrocentrale. Na ispitivanom područiju zabeleženo je ukupno 259 taksona na nivou vrste i podvrste, od toga je 30 taksona na listi strogo zaštićenih, zaštićenih i vrsta pod kontrolom prometa, 28 taksona se nalazi na crvenoj listi Međunarodne unije za zaštitu prirode (IUCN) i 17 alohtonih vrsta sa invazivnim karakterom. Zabeleženi broj vrsta, u ovom inače floristički i vegetacijski bogatom regionu, je daleko manji od stvar- nog. Na zabeleženi broj taksona uticali su period istraživanja, koji je bio relativno kasno te je veliki broj vrsta završio vegetacioni ciklus i loše vremenske prilike u toku cele godine. Zabrinjavajući faktor predstavlja veliki broj alohtonih vrsta sa invazivnim karakterom, koji se javlja zbog visokog antropogenog uticaja. Ukoliko se ne zaustavi izgradnja hidrocentrale, postoji mogućnost da se dodatno smanji brojnost autohtonih vrsta usled pojačanog antropogenog uticaja, ne samo na ispitivanom području nego i mnogo šire usled promene mikrok- limatskih uslova.

Ključne reči: hidrocentrala, Roge, Veliki Rzav

SUMMER FLORA OF THE RZAV RIVER CANYON ON THE TERRITORY OF VILLAGES ROGE, SVRAČKOVO AND DREŽNIK

Milan Vukotić 1*, Nikola Milić1, Goran Tmušić1 1Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Rzav is a river located in the southwestern part of Serbia. Its source is under Mučanj Mountain, and with a 62 km long flow represents one of the cleanest rivers in Serbia. Field research was carried out on two occasions, in the period from 28th-29th July, 2017 on the territory of the village of Roge and Svračkovo, and from 16th-17th August, 2017 in the territory of the village Drežnik. Plant material was collected on different habitat types with the emphasis on sites that will be directly or indirectly endangered with the construction of an accumulation lake for the future hydroelectric power plant. In the research area 259 taxa were recorded at the level of species and subspecies, out of which 30 taxa are on the list of strictly protected, protected and species under traffic control according to Regulation on the proclamation

16 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017 and protection of strictly protected and protected wild species of plants, animals and fungi, 28 taxa are on the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and 17 alien species with an invasive character. The recorded number of species, in this otherwise floristic and vegetation rich region is far fewer than the real one. Reason for this is mainly due to the research period, which was relatively late, and many species finished their vegetation cycle. The worrying factor is relatively high number of alien species with an invasive character, which is due to high anthropogenic impact. If the construction of the hydroelectric power station does not stop, there is a possibility to further reduce the number of indigenous species and habitats caused by increased anthropogenic impact, not only in the investigated area but also much wider due to the change of microclimate conditions.

Key words: hydroelectric power station, Roge, Rzav

BIODIVERSITY OF MACROMYCETES ON JAKUPICA MOUNTAIN

Monika Dimic1*, Hristina Kocoska1, Mitko Karadelev1, Katerina Rusevska1 1Biology Students’ Research Society Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Republic of Macedonia is relatively poorly explored in terms of mycology. Systematic explorations on the fungi have been relatively few so far, and it’s only now that we have a clearer picture on the fungi located in certain territories in the country (Pelister, Jakupica, Galichica, Kozhuf, Shar Mountains, the south region of the Povardarie region, etc.). Previous research data about fungi on Jakupica Mountain can only be found in two published research papers, which indicates that this area is relatively poorly explored when it comes to its mycology. Jakupica of Mokra is a mountain in the central part of Macedonia, and it’s actually a mountain range consisting of several mountains and peaks (such as Karadzica, Lisec, Mokra, Selakova Planina, Kitka, etc.). Apart from the oak tree, beech and crooked pine trees can also be found there. On the peaks above 1800 m spacious, highland pastures can be found. Crooked pine trees communities are most developed in Republic of Macedonia, on which major emphasis was put in this research, which, it is important to be said, was conducted during the summer period from the 08th-23rd July 2017. The material has been gathered from different forest associations, from the ground as soil fungi, from fallen branches, trunks or ivy from the trees, as well as from highland pastures. Determination of the fungi species has been carried out during the research action and inside the mycology laboratory at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Skopje, using microscopic measurements and reagents, such as Meltzer’s reagent, KOH, sulfovanillin, etc. Some of the species were identified on the spot, in their natural environment (Agari- cales), and the remaining ones were left aside for further laboratory research. Part of every species is preserved in the National Mycologycal Collection/Macedonian Mycological Society (Fungi Macedonians), whilst all the necessary data about the species have been entered in the research database (MAC Fungi). From the total 153 macromycetes that were registrated on Jakupica Mt. the following 10 were not found or described in the past researches. The lignicolous and terricolous macromycetes were found on different forest associations (beech wood) mountain pasture and different substrates (soil, fallen branches, stems). Of the total number of macromycetes only one species belongs to Ascomycota, the other nine belong to Basidiomycota. The most frequent orders are the following: Agaricales (8), Helotiales (1) and Hymenochaetales (1).

17 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

Newly recorded fungi for Jakupica Mt. are the species: Rickenella fibula, Agrocybe pediades, Panaeo- lus papilionaceus, Marasmius bulliardii, Hygrocybe cantharellus, Flammulaster cf. carpophilus var. rhombosporus, Protostropharia semiglobata, Xerula radicata, Galerina sp. belonging to Basidiomycota and Vibrissea flavovirens- that belongs to Ascomycota. The previously indicated fungi are newly found in this region, in the central part of Macedonia, which justifies their absence in the past researches, though they are found in other parts of the country. These species will enrich the fund of mycological knowledge about Jakupica Mt. and they will be well known as its natural habitants.

Key words: basidiomycota, Jakupica Mt., lignicolous, macromycetes, tericolous

BIODIVERZITET MAKROGLJIVA NA PODRUČJU SPOMENIKA PRIRODE ,,SLAPOVI SOPOTNICE”

Nemanja Marić1,2*, Dunja Vukčević1,2 1Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija 2Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Spomenik prirode ,,Slapovi Sopotnice” predstavlja zaštićeno dobro koje zahvata izvorište reke So- potnice zajedno sa serijom vodopada koje ona formira. Zaštićeno područje obuhvata selo Sopotnicu i istočne padine planine Jadovnik. Uzimajući u obzir kompletno stanje biodiverziteta na ovom području u okviru mi- kološkog istraživanja nema prethodno publikovanih podataka. Istraživanje raznovrsnosti makrogljiva započeto je 2015. godine kada su prikupljeni prvi podaci koji nisu publikovani. Dalji rad obuhvatao je dva izlaska na teren u toku 2017. godine, koji su obezbedili uvid u letnji i jesenji aspekt makromiceta. Cilj istraživanja bio je prikupljanje podataka o rasprostranjenju vrsta gljiva radi njihove zaštite i očuvanja biodiverziteta makromiceta ovog zaštićenog područja. Istraživanje je vršeno na šest lokaliteta, od kojih četiri čine šumske zajednice sačinjene pretežno od bukve (Fagus moesiaca) i crnog graba (Ostrya carpinifolia), dok preostala dva lokaliteta predstavljaju livadske ekosisteme. Gljive su fotografisane na terenu gde je vršena i identifikacija uz upotrebu hemikalija (KOH i eta- nol), kao i na osnovu zabeleženih fotografija, ličnih zapažanja i uz pomoć stručne literature. Od ukupno zabeležene 82 vrste makromiceta, 59 vrsta je pronađeno u toku jesenjeg izlaska na teren. U istraživanju tokom letnjeg perioda identifikovano je 34 vrste makrogljiva. Najveći broj identifikovanih vrsta pripada podrazdelu Basidiomycota, dok samo vrsta Xylaria hypoxylon pripada podrazdelu Ascomycota. Fa- milija Russulaceae broji najviše zabeleženih vrsta u okviru dva roda Lactarius i Russula. Zabeležene vrste Bo- letus reticulatus i Russula cyanoxantha su zaštićene prema Pravilniku o proglašenju i zaštiti strogo zaštićenih i zaštićenih divljih vrsta biljaka, životinja i gljiva. Imajući u vidu dobijene rezultate, primećena je značajna razlika u broju vrsta zabeleženih u šumskim ekosistemima, u kojima je zabeleženo 80 vrsta, u odnosu na livadska staništa, gde su zabeležene dve vrste. U šumskim zajednicama uočen je antropogeni uticaj koji je, uz uslove u ekosistemu prisutne u datom periodu, moguć razlog za pronalaženje manjeg broja vrsta od očekivanih. Obzirom na to da vremenski uslovi nisu bili pogodni za razvijanje plodnih tela makromiceta (visoke temperature i mala količina padavina), prikupljeni podaci nisu reprezentativni, ali predstavljaju osnovu za dalje istraživanje fungije SP ,,Slapovi Sopotnice”.

18 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

U periodu od 10 dana, koliko je ukupno trajalo istraživanje na terenu u dva navrata, zabeležen je broj vrsta koji predstavlja dobar pokazatelj stanja biodiverziteta na području SP ,,Slapovi Sopotnice”. Kako bi se dobio potpuniji uvid u biodiverzitet makromiceta, neophodno je povećati broj terenskih izlazaka tokom godine, sa posebnim osvrtom na prolećni i letnji aspekt istraživanja. Zbog zaštite populacija makrogljiva koje su prisutne na ovom području, kao i očuvanja njihove brojnosti i raznovrsnosti, potrebno je nastaviti dalja istraživanja.

Ključne reči: ascomycota, basidiomycota, fungija, Jadovnik

BIODIVERSITY OF MACROFUNGI IN THE AREA OF NATURAL MONUMENT “SLAPOVI SOPOTNICE”

NemanjaMarić1,2*, Dunja Vukčević1,2 1Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia 2Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Natural monument “Slapovi Sopotnice” represents protected area which includes the source of river Sopotnica along with series of waterfall it forms. The protected area covers the village of Sopotnica, as well as eastern slopes of Jadovnik Mountain. Taking into consideration the entire biodiversity of this area (which counts over 1500 species of flora and fauna) there is no published data in the mycology section. Research on the biodiversity of macrofungi started in 2015 when first unpublished data was gathered. Further work consisted of two field trips during 2017 that provided insight into summer and autumn aspect of macromycetes. The aim of this study was to gather data about fungi distribution in order to protect and conserve the biodiversity of macromycetes in this protected area. Research has been done on six regions out of which four represent forest associations consisted mostly of beech (Fagus moesiaca) and European hop-hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia), while the other two regions present pasture ecosystems. Fungi were photographed and identified with the use of chemicals (KOH and ethanol) on the spot. Also, species were identified using professional guides for fungi identification based on photographs and personal notes. Of total number of 82 species, 59 of them were found during autumn field trip. During the summer field trip 34 species were identified. Most of the identified species belong to division Basidiomycota, while only Xylaria hypoxylon (L. 1824) belongs to division Ascomycota. Family Russulaceae counts the most of the identified species in two genera: Lactarius and Russula. Species Boletus reticulatus (Schaeff. 1774) and Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff. 1863) are protected by the Regulation on the promulgation and Protection of strictly protected and protected wild species of plants, animals and fungi. Significant difference in the number of identified species has been noticed - 80 species from forest ecosystems, while two species have been identified on pasture ecosystems.Macrolepiota procera ((Scop.) Singer 1948) has been found on both types of ecosystems. Human influence has been noticed in forest associations, which could, along with conditions in ecosystem at that period of time, be the reason for the occurrence of less species than expected. Because the weather conditions were not optimal for fruiting of fungi, gathered data is not representative, but presents a base for further research of fungi in NM “Slapovi Sopotnice”. During the 10 day period, which is the duration of both field research combined, the number of identified species presents a good indicator of biodiversity of fungi. In order to obtain a complete insight into biodiversity condition, it is necessary to increase the number of field trips in one year period, focusing mainly

19 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine on spring and summer aspect. Further research is needed for conservation of diversity, as well as for protection of populations of macromycetes of this area.

Key words: ascomycota, basidiomycota, fungia, Jadovnik

OD KUĆNOG LJUBIMCA DO INVAZIVNOG PREDATORA - PRIČA O TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA SSP. U SRBIJI

Marko Maričić1*, Aleksandar Urošević2, Gordan Pomorišac3, Denis Ćoso4, Dragiša Petrović5, David Grabovac6, Miloš Popović7, Aleksandra Surla8, Ivan Medenica9, Stefan Avramović10, Ana Golubović10 1Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić“, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija 2Institut za biološka istraživanja „Siniša Stanković“, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Beograd, Republika Srbija 3Društvo za zaštitu i proučavanje ptica Srbije, Vladike Ćirića 24/19, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija 4Udruženje za održivi razvoj i očuvanje prirodnih staništa Srbije „HabiProt”, Bulevar Oslobođenja 106/34, 11040 Beograd, Republika Srbija 5Društvo ljubitelja ptica i prirode „Sove na oprezu“, Rudnička 5, 32000 Čačak, Republika Srbija 6Udruženje ljubitelja prirode „Riparia“, Matije Korvina 9, 24000 Subotica, Republika Srbija 7Prirodno-matematčki Fakultet, Univezitet u Nišu, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Republika Srbija 8Kordunaška 8a, 22320 Inđija, Republika Srbija 9Zavod za zaštitu prirode Srbije, Voždova 14, 18000 Niš, Republika Srbija 10Biološki Fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Beograd, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Invazivne vrste predstavljaju jedan od značajnih razloga izumiranja vrsta danas. Prisustvo invazivnih kornjača u Srbiji u velikoj meri ugrožava domaće akvatične kornjače, kojima predstavljaju direktne kompetitore za hranu, mesta za polaganje jaja i mesta za sunčanje, čime eventualno mogu dovesti do smanjenja adaptivne vrednosti autohtonih kornjača. Takođe, alohtone kornjače mogu vršiti značajan pritisak na svoj plen (larve vodozemaca) i biti prenosioci patogena koji su potencijalni izazivači bolesti kod drugih predstavnika faune, pa i čoveka. Svrha ovog rada jeste da prikaže nastavak širenja crvenouhe kornjače (Trachemys scripta elegans Wied-Neuwied, 1839), introdukovane alohtone vrste izrazito invazivnog karaktera, i beleženje prisustva blisko srodnih podvrsta, žutouhe kornjače (Trachemy scripta scripta Schoepff, 1792) i kamberlandske kornjače (Trac- hemys scripta troostii Holbrook, 1836), u Srbiji. Predstavljeni podaci obuhvataju literaturne kao i još neobjavljene podatke sakupljane na terenu od strane autora. Svaki nalaz je georeferenciran, uz zabeležen datum posmatranja. Novoprikupljeni podaci predstavljaju nešto manje od polovine baze ukupno prikupljenih podataka o ovoj vrsti u Srbiji (46,1%), a najveći broj novih opažanja se odnosi na teritoriju zapadne Srbije i Vojvodine. Statistički značajno češće su beležene na staništima ispod 100 m.n.v. u odnosu na staništa većih nadmorskih visina. Osim toga, zabeleženo je i prisustvo novih podvrsta, žutouhe kornjače (T. s. scripta) na četiri lokaliteta i kamberlandske kornjače (T. s. troostii) na dva lokaliteta. Sve tri prisutne podvrste međusobno se ukrštaju, te njihovo prisustvo omogućava povećanje ge- netičkog diverziteta a time i potencijala invazivnosti same vrste. U odnosu na do sada objavljene nalaze alohtonih kornjača u Srbiji, njihov broj se značajno povećao. Takođe, zabeleženi su i novi lokaliteti na kojima su date kornjače prisutne. Najbrojnije populacije pomenutih

20 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017 kornjača nalaze se na teritorijama velikih gradova, Novog Sada i Beograda, gde je zabeležena i uspešna reprodukcija. Kao osetljivija i pogodnija za njihovo širenje pokazala su se nizijska staništa. Zabranom uvoza i trgovine svim podvrstama Trachemys scripta do sada nije rešen problem njihovog prisustva na tržištu u Srbiji. Poštovanjem već postojećih legislativa bi se zasigurno smanjio broj slučajeva pušta- nja alohtonih kornjača u prirodne ekosisteme Srbije u budućnosti. Od velikog značaja za prirodne ekosisteme u koje vlasnici puštaju neželjene kućne ljubimce bilo bi otvaranje i održavanje većeg broja prihvatilišta za ove životinje. Pored toga je neophodno podizanje svesti građana kroz javno predstavljanje problema kada god je to moguće. Vrsta ima izuzetan invazivni potencijal te je preporuka IUCN-a da se jedinke uklanjaju iz prirodnih staništa na evropskom kontinentu.

Ključne reči: ekosistemi, invazivne vrste, kornjače, prirodna staništa

FROM A PET TO AN INVASIVE PREDATOR – STORY OF TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA SSP. IN SERBIA

Marko Maričić1*, Aleksandar Urošević2, Gordan Pomorišac3, Denis Ćoso4, Dragiša Petrović5, David Grabovac6, Miloš Popović7, Aleksandra Surla8, Ivan Medenica9, Stefan Avramović10, Ana Golubović10 1Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”, TrgDositejaObradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia 2Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Beograd, Republic of Serbia 3Bird Protection and Study Society of Serbia, Vladike Ćirića 24/19, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia 4Association for Sustainable Development and Habitat Protection in Serbia “HabiProt”, Bulevar Oslobođenja 106/34, 11040 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia 5Society of Birds and Nature Lovers “Owls on alert”, Rudnička 5, 32000 Čačak, Republic of Serbia 6Association of Environmentalists “Riparia”, Matije Korvina 9, 24000 Subotica, Republic of Serbia 7Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Republic of Serbia 8Kordunaška 8a, 22320 Inđija, Republic of Serbia 9Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Voždova 14, 18000 Niš, Republic of Serbia 10Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

One of the leading causes of species extinction nowadays are invasive species. Invasive turtles in Serbia pose a great threat to the native turtles because they directly compete for food, nesting and basking sites, thus can eventually lead to decrease in fitness of indigenous turtles. Introduced turtles can exert a notable pressure on their prey (amphibian larvae) and can also be vectors for pathogens which could potentially cause diseases to other fauna and humans. The aim of this study is to present the expansion of the Red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans Wied-Neuwied, 1839), an introduced species with highly invasive traits, in Serbia. Also, new findings of closely related subspecies, Yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys scripta scripta Schoepff, 1792) and Cum- berland slider (Trachemys scripta troostii Holbrook, 1836) are presented. The presented data includes literature and yet unpublished data which the authors have collected during the field research. For every entry, geographic coordinates and a date of observation are noted. The newly collected data represent a bit less than half of the total data for this species in Serbia (46.1%), and most of these unpublished records come from the western Serbia and Vojvodina. Significantly more records are available from

21 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine habitats that are bellow 100 m a.s.l. compared to the higher elevations. Two substitute subspecies were observed: the Yellow-bellied slider (T. s. scripta) was recorded on four localities, while the Cumberland slider (T. s. troostii) was noticed on two localities. All three present subspecies can freely hybridize which can lead to an increase in genetic diversity and thus likely increase invasive potential of this species. The number of introduced turtles in Serbia has significantly increased in regard to the previously published data. Also, new localities where these turtles are present were marked. The largest populations of these turtles are found in big cities such as Novi Sad and Belgrade, where successful reproduction is confirmed. Lowland habitats were noticed to be more vulnerable and preferable for their expansion. Even though it is banned to import and trade any Trachemys scripta subspecies, this has not yet re- solved the problem of its presencein the Serbian pet trade. By respecting the already existing legislation should consequently lead to reduced number of cases where people release these invasive turtles into natural ecosystems. Opening and maintaining shelters for these animals would without doubt contribute to protection of natural ecosystems. Besides that, it is necessary to raise awareness through public presentation of the problem whenever that is possible. The species has a great invasive potential so IUCN suggests that these animals should be removed from natural habitats across Europe.

Key words: ecosystems, invasive species, natural habitats, turtles

ISTRAŽIVANJE FAUNE GMIZAVACA, VODOZEMACA I ZGLAVKARA NA PLANINI CER, SA OSVRTOM NA VRSTE ZNAČAJNE ZA „NATURA2000”

Marko Maričić1*, Đorđe Petrović1, Ivan Tot1,2 1Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić”, 21000 Novi Sad,Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Republika Srbija 2Udruženje za održivi razvoj i očuvanje prirodnih staništa Srbije „HabiProt”, Bulevar Oslobođenja 106/34, 11040 Beograd, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Planina Cer je smeštena u severozapadnom delu Srbije i predstavlja ka severu najistureniju ostrvsku planinu južnog oboda Panonskog basena. Okarakterisana je kao predeo raznovrsnih geomorfoloških, hi- droloških, biogeografskih i drugih prirodnih odlika. Kroz istoriju Cer je predstavljao značajno mesto za razne ljudske aktivnosti (arheološki nalazi, srednjevekovni gradovi i manastiri, značajne bitke), pa tako i danas, pored toga što je slabo naseljen, trpi određeni antopogeni pritisak (seča šuma, izgradnja vikendica) koji mahom os- tavlja negativne posledice po prirodne vredosti ovog predela. Flora i fauna Cera su veoma slabo istraživani u skorije vreme, izuzev ornitofaune koja je obrađena krajem prošlog veka, a publikovana je i lista fungije područja. Planina je prepoznata kao područje od izuzetnog značaja za istraživanja biodiverziteta, između ostalog, te su podaci iz ove oblasti potrebni što pre. Trenutno je u toku projekat kartiranja određenih životinjskih vrsta značajnih za zaštitu prirode. U periodu od 2012. do 2017. godine je održano više naučno-istaživačkih kampova u organizaciji NIDSBE „Josif Pančić“ iz Novog Sada, dok su u prethodne dve godine intenzivirane terenske aktivnosti, te je u intervalu od aprila 2016. do oktobra 2017. ostvareno 12 izlazaka na teren istraživačkog karaktera. Istraživanje se sprovodi neinvazivnim metodama: jedinke se identifikuju na terenu i fotografišu zarad potvde nalaza. Rad na terenu se svodi na georeferenciranje svakog pojedinačnog nalaza taksona, a dobijeni podaci se obrađuju u softveru „QGIS“.

22 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

U okvir istraživanja ulazi kompletna herpetofauna (Reptilia) i batrahofauna (Amphibia), dnevni leptiri (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera), kao i predstavnici insekatskog reda tvrdokrilaca (Coleoptera) koji su značajni za područja evropske ekološke mreže „Natura2000“.Tvrdokrilci su zastupljeni sa četiri „Natura2000“ predstavnika: Carabus variolosus Fabricius, 1787, Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758), Rosalia alpina(Linnaeus, 1758) i Morimus asper funereus Mulsant, 1862. Vrste L. cervus, R. alpina i podvrsta M. a.funereus predstavljaju saproksilne insekte koji su od koristi za procenu starosti i kvaliteta šuma, a pritom se nalaze i na Evropskoj crvenoj listi saproksilnih insekata. Zabeleženo je 66 vrsta dnevnih leptira, od kojih se osam nalazi na Pravilniku o proglašenju zaštićenih i strogo zaštićenih vrsta biljaka, životinja i gljiva, međutim nije zabeležena nijedna vrsta koja je značajna za područja evropske ekološke mreže „Natura2000“. Među nalazima zglavkara, istakli bismo nalaze potočnog raka Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803) koji predstavlja vrstu značajnu za formiranje ekološke mreže. Predstavnici herpetofaune i batrahofaune su izabrani kao idealni pokazatelji stanja ekosistema, i za sada je za- beleženo ukupno18 vrsta, od čega su tri vrste zaštićene, a čak 12 ima status strogo zaštićene vrste u Republici Srbiji. Među zabeleženim, pet vrsta vodozemaca: Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758), Pseudepidalea viridis (Laurenti, 1768), Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771), Rana graeca Boulenger, 1891, Rana dalmatina Bonapar- te, 1840, i sedam vrsta gmizavaca: Testudo hermanni (Gmelin, 1789), Lacerta viridis (Laurenti, 1768), Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768), Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768, Zamenis longissimus (Laurenti, 1768), Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768), Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1768), označeno je kao značajno za formiranje evropske ekološke mreže „Natura2000“ jer se nalaze na Prilozima II, IV ili V Direktive o staništima EU. Nedavno je pokrenuta inicijativa da se Cer proglasi zaštićenim prirodnim dobrom i time zaštiti Za- konom o zaštiti prirode Republike Srbije. Očekujemo da će podaci prikupljeni u ovim istraživanjima doprineti jasnijoj i potpunijoj slici biološke raznovrsnosti i bogatstva planine Cer. Kao izuzetno vredan kulturno-istorijski spomenik sa velikim potencijalom za razvoj ekoturizma, ovaj predeo zaslužuje da bude označen i prepoznat kao bitno utočište za veliki broj biljnih i životinjskih vrsta koje su skladno raspoređene u više različitih životnih zajednica po čitavoj površini planine.

Ključne reči: batrahofauna, dnevni leptiri, ekološka mreža, herpetofauna, Srbija, tvrdokrilci

RESEARCH OF REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS AND ARTHROPODS ON THE CER MOUNTAIN, WITH A REVIEW OF SPECIES SIGNIFICANT FOR NATURA2000

Marko Maričić1*, Đorđe Petrović1, Ivan Tot1,2 1Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad , Republic of Serbia 2Association for Sustainable Development and Habitat Protection in Serbia “HabiProt”, Bulevar Oslobođenja 106/34, 11040 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Mountain Cer is located in the northwestern part of Serbia and it presents the most distal island mountain to the north in the southern edge of the Pannonian basin. It is characterized as a landscape of diverse geomorphological, hydrological, biogeographical and other natural features.Trough out the history, mountain Cer has been an important place for various human activities (archaeological finds, medieval castles and mon- asteries, significant battles), so today, although the mountain is sparsely populated, it suffers from certain antro- phogenic pressure (deforestation, construction of cottage), which leaves negative effects on natural values. Flora and fauna of Cer are poorly explored nowadays, except ornithofauna, which was processed at the end of the last century. Also, a checklist of fungi has been published. Cer has been recognized as an area of great importance for biodiversity researches, among other things, so the data in this area is needed as soon as possible.

23 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

Currently there is a project of mapping certain animal species which are important for nature conservation. Several scientific-research camps organized by SRSBES “Josif Pančić” have been held in the period from 2012 to 2017, but in the last two years, field activitieshave been intensified, and in the interval from April 2016 to October 2017, 12 field research visits have been realized. The survey is conducted by non-invasive methods: identification of individuals on the ground and photograph for the confirmation. Field work is reduced to geo- referencing of each taxon findings, and the obtained data is processed in the software “QGIS”. Research includes all of the herpetofauna (Reptilia) and batrachofauna (Amphibia), butterflies (Lepi- doptera: Rhopalocera), and also representatives of beetle insect order (Coleoptera) which are important for areas of European ecological network Natura2000. Beetles are represented with four Natura2000 representatives: Carabus variolosus Fabricius, 1787, Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758), Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) and Mori- musasper funereus Mulsant, 1862. Species L. cervus, R. alpina and subspecies M. a. funereus, represent saproxylic insects which are useful when estimating the age and the quality of forests, also they are on the European Red List of Saproxylic Beetles. Not a single species, among the butterflies, that is important for the European ecological network Natura2000 has been noticed, however among 66 recorded species eight are in the Regulation on the proclamation and protection of strictly protected and protected wild species of plants, animals and fungi. Among arthropods we could point out findings of crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803) which is recognized as important for Natura2000 network. Representatives of herpetofauna and batrachofauna were chosen as an ideal indicators of ecosystem condition, and for now there are a total of 18 species, out of which three species are protected, and 12 have the status of strictly protected in Republic of Serbia. Among recorded, five species of amphibians: Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758), Pseudepidalea viridis (Laurenti, 1768), Pelophy- lax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771), Rana graeca Boulenger, 1891, Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840, and seven species of reptiles:Testudo hermanni (Gmelin, 1789), Lacerta viridis (Laurenti, 1768), Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768), Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768, Zamenis longissimus (Laurenti, 1768), Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768), Vi- pera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1768), are marked as important for the formation of ecological network Natura2000 because they are on the Annex II, IV or V of the Habitats directive EU. Recently, aniniciative has been launched to declare Cer Mountain a protected natural good and therefore protecting nature by the Law on nature protection of the Republic of Serbia. We expect that the collected data in this study will contribute to a clearer and more complete picture of the biological diversity and richness of Cer Mountain. As a valuable cultural and historical monument, with a great potential for developing ecotour- ism, this area deserves to be highlighted and recognized as a haven for large number of plant and animal species that are consistently arranged in a various living communities throughout the surface of mountain.

Key words: batrachofauna, beetles, butterflies, ecological network, herpetofauna, Serbia

24 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

DRUGI dan

Beskičmenjaci Invertebrates

Članovi komisije Comission members

Dragan Antić, Jelena Đuknić, Miloš Popović, Zorica Nedeljković

Hidrobiologija Hydrobiology

Članovi komisije Comission members

Aleksandar Bajić, Tamara Jurca

Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

ISTRAŽIVANJE DIVERZITETA STONOGA (MYRIAPODA) NA PLANINI CER

Mirko Šević1* 1Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Cer predstavlja ostrvsku planinu južnog oboda basena nekadašnjeg Panonskog mora. Najviša tačka planine iznosi 687 metara nadmorske visine. Planina Cer udaljena je 30 km od Šapca i oko 100 km od Beogra- da. Okarakterisana je kao predeo raznovrsnih geomorfoloških, biogeografskih, hidroloških i drugih prirodnih karakteristika. Diverzitet flore, faune i fungije Cera je do sada slabo istražen. Planina je prepoznata kao područje od izuzetnog značaja za istraživanja biodiverziteta, te su podaci iz ove oblasti nephodni za dalje postupke zaštite. Trenutno je u toku projekat kartiranja određenih životinjskih vrsta značajnih za zaštitu prirode. U periodu od 2012. do 2017. godine je održano više naučno-istaživačkih kampova u organizaciji NIDSBE „Josif Pančić“ iz Novog Sada, dok su u prethodne dve godine intenzivirane terenske aktivnosti, te je u intervalu od aprila 2016. do oktobra 2017. ostvareno 12 izlazaka na teren istraživačkog karaktera. Istraživanje grupe stonoga (Myriapoda) je sprovedeno za vreme jednog istraživanja u trajanju od sedam dana tokom avgusta 2017. godine. Zabeležena brojnost jedinki i gustina populacija svih istraživanih familija i rodova nam pokazuje da su istraživana staništa pogodna za ovu grupu organizama. Jedinkama najbrojnija familija je bila Polydesmidae, a zastupljena je sa dva predstavnika: Polydesmus collaris Koch, C. L., 1847 i Polydesmus complanatus Linnaeus 1761. Među predstavnicima familije Julidae, najveći broj pojedinačnih nalaza predstavlja jedna od najvećih stonoga Evrope, vrsta Pachyiulus hungaricus Karsch, 1881 koja je bila izuzetno aktivna iz razloga što se izlazak na teren poklopio sa reproduktivnom sezonom ove vrste. Osim pomenute, prisutne su i vrste: Cylindroiulus boleti Koch, C. L., 1847 i Megaphyllum cf. projectum Verhoeff, 1907. Familija Glomeridae je zastupljena sa jednom vrstom: Glomeris hexasticha Verhoeff, 1906. Što se tiče klase Chilopoda prisutne su bile tri familije: Lithobio- morpha, Geophylomorpha i Scutigeromorpha sa vrstom Scutigera coleoptrata Linnaeus, 1758. Navedeni rezu ltati predstavljaju deo identifikovanog materijala sa terena. Nakon identifikacije ostalih jedinki do nivoa vrste, očekujemo sveobuhvatniji spisak predstavnika podfiluma Myriapoda. Sve pronađene vrste bile su očekivane za istraživanu oblast, njihovi brojevi su ohrabrujući i otvaraju mogućnosti daljih istraživanja. Ovakav potencijal na tako malom prostoru zahteva ponovne izlaske na teren i dalji rad. Krajem 2015. godine je pokrenuta inicijativa da se planina Cer proglasi zaštićenim prirodnim dobrom i time zaštiti Zakonom o zaštiti prirode Republike Srbije. Očekujemo da će svi podaci prikupljeni istraživanjima NIDSBE „Josif Pančić” doprineti jasnijoj i potpunijoj slici biološke raznovrsnosti i bogatstva planine Cer.

Ključne reči: biodiverzitet, Cer, Myriapoda, zglavkari

27 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

RESEARCH ON DIVERSITY OF MYRIAPODS (MYRIAPODA) ON CER MOUNTAIN

Mirko Šević1* 1Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Cer represents an island mountain of the southern reach of the former Pannonian Sea basin. Its highest peak reaches 687 meters above sea level. Cer is located about thirty kilometers southwest from Šabac and about a hundred kilometers west from Belgrade. It is characterized as a place with high variety of geomorpho- logic, biogeographic, hydrologic and other natural characteristics. Biodiversity of flora and fauna of Cer hasn’t been explored much until now. Cer has been recognized as an area of extraordinary value for exploration of biodiversity research, and all the data collected in this area is needed as soon as possible. Currently, a project for mapping certain animal species important for nature conservation is under- way. In the period between 2012 and 2017, multiple research camps were held and organized by SRSBES “Josif Pančić” from Novi Sad. During the last two years field research has been intensified, so in the period from April of 2016 to October of 2017 twelve field research camps have been organized. The research of Myriapoda group was done on one of those camps, lasting for seven days in August 2017. The field research was a success, and number of species and density of populations of all families that were investigated showed that the area was well suited for this group of animals. Most of individuals that we found belonged to family Polydesmidae present with two representative species Polydesmus collaris Koch, C. L., 1847 and Polydesmus complanatus Linnaeus 1761. Among representatives of Julidae family, most of the finds belonged to one of the largest diplopods of Europe, species Pachyiulus hungaricus Karsch, 1881 and the reason behind that was that the reproductive season overlapped with the duration of the camp. Apart from the previously mentioned, other species that were also present were Cylindroiulus boleti Koch, C. L., 1847 and Megaphyllum cf. projectum Verhoeff, 1907. Family Glomeridae was represented with only one species Glomeris hexasticha Verhoeff, 1906. As for the class Chilopoda three families were present Lithobiomorpha, Geophylo- morpha and Scutigeromorpha with species Scutigera coleoptrata Linnaeus, 1758. These results represent part of the identified material from the field. After the identification of other individuals to the species level, we expect a more comprehensive list of the representatives of the Myriapoda subphylum. All recorded species were expected for the researched area, their numbers are encouraging and open possibilities for further research. Such potential in such a small area demands more field research and further work. In 2015, an initiative was made to declare Cer as a protected natural good and thus protect it by law. We hope that all the data collected by the research of SRSBES “Josif Pančić” will contribute to a clearer and more complete picture of the biological diversity and richness of Cer Mountain.

Key words: arthropods, biodiversity, Cer, Myriapoda

28 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

SPERMATOFORI SKOLOPENDROMORFNIH STONOGA (MYRIAPODA: CHILOPODA: SCOLOPENDROMORPHA): POTENCIJALNO TAKSONOMSKO OBELEŽJE GRUPE

Zehra Mavrić1*, Berina Šabanagić 1Studijski program Biologija, Departman za biomedicinske nauke, Državni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Klasa Chilopoda (hilopodne stonoge) obuhvata oko 3150 vrsta, široko rasprostranjenih predatorskih suvozemnih zglavkara, grupisanih unutar pet monofiletskih linija: Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Cra- terostigmomorpha, Scolopendromorpha i Geophilomorpha. Među njima predstavnici reda Scolopendromor- pha važe za najotrovnije, najagresivnije i najproždrljivije stonoge, koje će pojesti sve što mogu da savladaju. Up- rkos ovoj reputaciji pojedine reproduktivne karakteristike pokazuju i drugu, nežniju stranu ovih stvorenja. Kao jedna od najprepoznatljivijih odlika jeste produžena briga o potomstvu. Tokom ovog perioda ženke formiraju gnezdo i štite svoje mlade od predatora i parazita. Ova ponašajno reproduktivno svojstvo je odlika svih Phylac- tometria (Craterostigmomorpha + Scolopendromorpha + Geophilomorpha), sa nekoliko razlika među njima poput orijentacije majke prema jajima i mladima, veličine legla i trajanja gneždenja. Redovi Scutigeromorpha i Lithobiomorpha ne ispoljavaju ovakvu reproduktivnu osobinu, međutim poseduju druge po kojima su sličnije pojedinim odlikama redova unutar Phylactometria, nego što su oni međusobno. Ključna odlika je pojava spermatofora u reprodukciji. Hilopode su gonohoristi, kod kojih se javlja indirektni transfer spermatozoida. U osnovi, sperma se do ženskog genitalnog trakta prenosi pomoću spermatofora. Izuzetak su geofilomorfe, kod kojih mužjaci ispuštaju slobodnu spermatičnu masu. Mužjaci ostalih grupa produkuju spermatofore različitog oblika i veličine. Tako spermatofori Scutigeromorpha imaju oblik limuna, sferični su kod Lithobiomorpha, a nepravilno sferični kod Craterostigmomorpha. Spermatofori skolopendromorfi su relativno malih dimenzija, oblika zrna žita sa zara- vnjenom stranom koja je oivičena uzdužnim sulkusima. Sam oblik spermatofora pokazuje određeni obrazac, koji može imati i filogenetski značaj. Za potrebe ove studije uporedili smo morfologiju spermatofora dve skolopendromorfne vrste roda Cryptops Leach, 1814 (C. parisi Brolemann, 1920 i C. anomalans Newport, 1844). Pored veličine primećeno je da su zaravnjene površine spermatofora koje podsećaju na poklopce (kod ove dve vrste), međusobno morfološki pokazivale najveću različitost. Upoređivanjem sa izgledom nekoliko literaturno dostupnih spermatofora drugih vrsta, može se doneti zaključak o mogućnosti postojanja species-specifičnog oblika ove zaravnjene strukture. Ovakav morfološki karakter mogao bi biti koristan u identifikaciji vrsta, što je taksonomski izuzetno značajno, naročito pri reviziji pojedinih grupa poput pomenutog roda Cryptops (važi za jedan od najkompleksnijih među skolopendromorfnim stonogama, sa više od 180 opisanih vrsta).

Ključne reči: spermatofori, Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, taksonomski karakter, Cryptops, indirektan trans- port sperme

29 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

SPERMATOPHORE IN SCOLOPENDROMORPH CENTIPEDES (MYRIAPODA: CHILOPODA: SCOLOPENDROMORPHA): A POTENTIAL GROUP TAXONOMICAL FEATURE

Zehra Mavrić1*, Berina Šabanagić 1Biology, Department for Biomedical Sciencies, State University Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Class Chilopoda (centipedes) includes about 3150 species of widespread carnivorous terrestrial arthropods, grouped inside the five monophyletic groups (orders), namely: Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Craterostigmomorpha, Scolopendromorpha and Geophilomorpha. Among the phylogenetic lineages of centipedes, order Scolopendromorpha is famous as a most poisonous, most aggressive and most ravenous myriapods of all, eating everything what they can fight down. Despite this reputation, some of reproductive characteristics show the other, gentle side of these creatures. As the one of the most recognizable is extended maternal care. During this period, female form the brood and protect them from predator and parasites. This reproductive be- havioral feature is characteristic of all Phylactometria (Craterostigmomorpha + Scolopendromorpha + Geophi- lomorpha), with several differences between them concerning the mothers body orientation towards their eggs and offspring, the brood size and the brooding duration. The orders Scutigeromorpha and Lithobiomorpha do not have such reproductive feature, but have other reproductive characteristics more similar to some orders under Phylactometria, than they have mutually. The pivotal trait is occurrence of spermatophores in reproduction. The centipedes are gonochoric, with indirect sperm transfer. Sperm is generally transferred to the female by means of spermatophores. The geophilomorph centipedes are an exeption, where males release an un- coated mass of sperm. The male of all other groups produce spermatophores, but with different shapes and sizes. The spermatophores of Scutigeromorpha are lemoon-shaped, spherical in Lithobiomorpha and subspherical in Craterostigmomorpha. The scolopendromorph spermatophores are relatively small, shaped like a wheat grain with a flattened side provided with a longitudinal sulcus. There is a certain pattern in spermatophores shape, which may have some phylogenetic significance. In this study, we compared morphology of spermatophores of two scolopendromorph species from the genus Cryptops Leach, 1814 (C. parisi Brolemann, 1920 and C. anomalans Newport, 1844). Besides diversity in size, the biggest differences were observed on the flattened side of spermatophores of these two species, which are operculum like. Compering with several available cases from the literature records we can consider possibility of species-specific shape of this flattened structure. Such morphological character can be useful in species identification, which is taxonomically important, especially while revising groups such as genus Cryptops (one of the most complex scolopedromorph genus, with more than 180 described species).

Key words: spermatophores, Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, taxonomical feature, Cryptops, indirect sperm transfer

30 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

PRVI SLUČAJ PARAZITIZMA KRIPTOPIDNE STONOGE (CHILOPODA: SCOLOPENDROMORPHA) NEMATOMORFNIM CRVOM (NEMATOMORPHA: GORDIIDAE)

Nejla Ademović1*,Ajla Zuković1 1Studijski program Biologija, Departman za biomedicinske nauke, Državni Univerzitet u Novom Pazaru, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Filum Nematomorpha obuhvata oko 350 vrsta izduženih crvolikih životinja, izrazito kompleksnog životnog ciklusa podeljenog na parazitsku (nekoliko larvalnih i juvenilnih stadijuma koji se razvijaju unu tar terestričnog domaćina) i slobodnoživeću fazu (prvih nekoliko larvalnih stadijuma i adulti koji sazrevaju napuštanjem svog domaćina; uglavnom pronalaženi unutar slatkovodnih staništa). Reprodukcija i prvi razvojni koraci su prostorno vezani za akvatično stanište. Nakon pronalaženja domaćina njihov životni ciklus se nastavlja u suvozemnim uslovima. Specifičnost prema domaćinu uglavnom nije zastupljena i najčešći domaćini su grupe zglavkara funkcionalno vezane za neposrednu blizinu vode ili sa životnim ciklusom koji obuhvata akvatičnu i terestričnu fazu. Domaćini nematomorfnih crva sa isključivo suvozemnim načinom života mogu se definisati kao slučajni. Većina grupa zglavkara je do sada registrovana kao domaćini nematomorfnih crva. Slučajevi infekcije su najčešće zabeleženi među insekatskim redovima tvrdokrilaca (Coleoptera), pravokrilaca (Orthoptera) i bo- gomoljki (Mantodea), ali su ovi crvi pronalaženi i unutar jedinki uholaža (Dermaptera), tularaša (Trichoptera), vodenih cvetova (Ephemeroptera), proletnjaka (Plecoptera), dvokrilaca (Diptera), diplura (Diplura), bubašvaba (Blattodea), etc. U manjoj meri registrovani su i kod paukova, stonoga (Diplopoda i Chilopoda), člankovitih crva i puževa. Takođe, postoje i nekoliko zabeleženih slučajeva infekcije kičmenjaka (ciklostoma, riba i vodozemaca). Predstavnici klase Chilopoda su kao domaćini nematomorfnih crva predstavljeni sa dva roda: Lithobius Leach, 1814 (tri slučaja) i Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (takođe tri primera). U fauni Srbije nematomorfni crvi su predstavljeni samo sa dve vrste – Gordius aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758 i Gordionus violaceus (Baird, 1853). Ova studija prestavlja prvi slučaj infekcije jedne kriptopidne stonoge nematomorfnim crvom – Cryp- tops parisi Brolemann, 1920 parazitiran od strane G. aquaticus. Parazitirana jedinka stonoge je prikupljena 7. septembra 2012. godine, na lokalitetu Izbice u blizini Novog Pazara (jugozapadna Srbija) u stelji mešovite bukove šume. Ovaj nalaz predstavlja jedini parazitirani od ukupno 1215 pronađenih jedinki roda Cryptops Leach, 1814, koji su prikupljani tokom čitave sezone na ovom lokalitetu (od kojih je čak 958 jedinki vrste C. parisi). Unutar ovog mužjaka čija dužina iznosi 16,78 mm, pronađen je 39,74 mm dug juvenilni nematomorfni crv sa još uvek nekompletno razvijenim terminalnim bulbusima. Mali procenat parazitiranih jedinki i retki literaturni podaci nedvosmisleno ukazuju da zahvaljujući izrazito suvozemnom načinu života hilopodne stonoge nisu uo- bičajeni domaćini nematomorfnih crva.

Ključne reči: Chilopoda, Cryptops parisi, domaćin, Gordius aquaticus, Nematomorpha, parazitizam

31 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

FIRST CASE OF CRYPTOPIDAE CENTIPEDE (CHILOPODA: SCO- LEPENDROMORPHA) AS HOST FOR HORSEHAIR WORMS (NEMA- TOMORPHA: GORDIIDAE)

Nejla Ademović1*, Ajla Zuković1 1Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Phylum Nematomorpha (commonly known as horsehair worms or hairworms) includes about 350 species of elongated worm-like animals, with quite complex life cycle separated on parasitic (several larval and juvenile stages; develop under the terrestrial host) and free-living phase (several first larval stages and adult stage which maturity is connected with emerge from their host; usually found in fresh water). Reproduction and first developmental stages are placed into aquatic environments. After infection of host, their life cycle is continued under terrestrial conditions. Usually, host specificity is not represented and the most common hosts are from the arthropod groups functionally related to vicinity of water bodies or groups which have both phases (aquatic and terrestrial) in their life cycle. The nematomorph hosts with strictly terrestrial life can be defined as accidental. Until now, infection with hairworms is recorded in most of the arthropod groups. The major host groups are insect orders of beetles (Coleoptera), orthopterans (Orthoptera) and praying mantids (Mantodea), but these animals can be also found within specimens of earwigs (Dermaptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera), may- flies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), flies (Diptera), diplurans (Diplura), cockroaches (Blattodea), etc. To a lesser extent they are recorded under the spiders, myriapods (Diplopoda and Chilopoda), annelids and gastropods. Also, there are several records of hairworms in vertebrates (cyclostomes, fishes and amphibians). Class Chilopoda as the nematomorpha hosts is presented with two genera Lithobius Leach, 1814 (three records) and Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (also three records). In fauna of Serbia, the horsehair worms are presented only with two species – Gordius aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758 and Gordionus violaceus (Baird, 1853). In this study, we present the first case of infection one of the cryptopid species with horsehair worms – Cryptops parisi Brolemann, 1920 by G. aquaticus. The infected centipede was collected on September the th7 , 2012, at the Izbice locality near Novi Pazar (southwestern Serbia), under the leaf of mixed beech forest. This finding presents the only one infected from 1215 specimens of the genus Cryptops Leach, 1814 collected during the whole season at this locality (958 specimens belong to species C. parisi). Under this male whose length is 16.78 mm, we found 39.74 mm long juvenile horsehair warm, with still incompletely developed terminal ends. A small percentage of infected animal and rare literature data unequivocally show that thanks to distinctively terrestrial life centipedes are not often host for the nematomorph worms.

Key words: Chilopoda, Cryptops parisi, Gordius aquaticus, host, Nematomorpha, parasitism

32 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

RAZNOVRSNOST LIŠAJSKIH TARDIGRADA NA PODRUČJU BEOGRADA

Uroš Kačarević1*, Tamara Karan Žnidaršič1 1Institut za zoologiju, Biološki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Studentski trg 16, 110000 Beograd, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Tardigrade, poznate i kao vodeni medvedići, su filum mikroskopskih životinja. One mogu da prežive godinama u kriptobiozi pri ekstremnim uslovima sredine (T, P, radijacija). Za rast i razvoj potrebna im je vlažna sredina, kako bi celom površinom tela razmenjivale gasove difuzijom. Ovi organizmi su bilateralni celomati, čije je telo prekriveno kutikulom. Telo je sačinjeno od glavenog, tri telesna regiona na kojim se nalaze po par nožice za kretanje i kaudalnog segmenta koji nosi četvrti par nogu. Iako nemaju cirkulatorni sistem, prisutan je hemocel, dok se pravi celom nalazi samo u oblasti gonada. Taksonomski karakter ovih životinja su kandžice na krajevima nožica, kojih može biti od tri do osam. Takođe karakteristika za determinaciju vrsta je i bukofa ringealni aparat. Cilj ovog istraživanja je determinacija vrsta Tardigrada koje nastanjuju lišajeve. U te svrhe su ko- rišćene različite metode pravljenja preparata i indetifikacionih ključeva. Neophodno je jasno uočiti taksono mske karakteristike ovih životinja kako bi se precizno odredila data vrsta. Ovo je pre svega veoma važno jer se u Srbiji do sada nisu istraživali vodeni medvedići, te su pokrenuta nova osnovna istraživanja pre svega u oblasti taksonomije i sistematike. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja prikupljan je lišaj Xhanthoria parietina, zbog svoje lako uočljive žute boje i široke rasprostanjenosti. U ovom lišaju, koji pretežno živi na kori drveta, mogu se pronaći različite vrste vodenih medvedića. Uzorci su prikupljani tokom jeseni i zime 2016 godine, sa različitih šumskih lokaliteta na području Beograda. Svi prikupljeni uzorci su najpre potpuno osušeni, a potom rehidratisani destilovanom vodom. Po jedna životinja je izolovana, naneta sa kapiljicom medijuma na sredinu mikroskopske pločice. Za pravljenje preparata je upotrebljena samo żivotinja koja se nalazi u Čalklejevom medijumu, bez fiksirajućeg medijuma, a sam preparat je, po stavljanju pokrovnog stakla, fiksiran lakom, kako bi se sprečila dalje isušivanje. Očuvanost ovakvih preparata se ogleda u tome da se kod vodenih medvedića kutikula ne nalazi samo spolja, već ona oblaže čitav digestivni sistem, počev od usnog otvora, stileta, faringsa, jednjaka i creva, te se i pri ovakvom pravljenju preparata mogu uočiti i neki unutrašnji organi, pored zadržavanja integriteta samog tela. Ovo nam je omogućilo da jasno vidimo najbitnije taksonomske karaktere i time odredimo vrstu. U lišaju Xhanthoria parietina pronađene su tri vrste Tardigrada: Milnesium tardigradum Doyere, 1840; Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri Binda and Pilato, 1987 (Hypsibius oberhaeuseri Doyere, 1840); Macrobiotus sp. Schultze, 1833.

Ključne reči: lišaj, morfometrija, tardigrada, vodeni medvedići

33 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

VARIETY OF LICHEN TARDIGRADES IN BELGRADE AREA

Uroš Kačarević1*, Tamara Karan Žnidaršič1 1Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Tardigrades, also known as water bears, are a phylum of micro-animals. They can survive in cryp- tobiosis under extreme environmental conditions (T, P radiation) for years. They need a wet environment for growth and development, in order to exchange gases through diffusion using their whole body surface. These organisms are bilateral coelomata whose body is covered with cuticule. Their body consists of head, three body segments with a pair of little legs for movement and caudal segment with the fourth pair of legs. Although they don’t have a circulatory system, a hemocele is present, while the real coelom exists only in the gonad area. These animals’ taxonomic characters represent 3-8 little claws at the end of their legs. Also, buccopharyngeal apparatus can be used for species determination. The aim of this research is to determine the Tardigrade species that inhabit lichen. Various methods of preparation and indetification keys were used for this purpose. It is necessary to clearly notice the taxonomic traits of these animals in order to precisely determine the given species. This is important because water bears haven’t been researched in Serbia until now. Therefore, new basic researches have been initiated, especially in the area of taxonomy and systematics. Due to its easily spotted yellow colour and widespread distribution, Xhanthoria parietina lichen was collected for the needs of this research. Various types of water bears can be found on this lichen, usually in the tree bark. Samples were collected during the autumn and winter of 2016 from various forest regions in Belgrade area. All collected samples were completely dried first and then rehydrated with distilled water. One animal was isolated and inflicted with a medium drop into the middle of microscopic plate. Only the animal that was in Chalkeys medium without the mounting medium was used for slide preparation, and the slide itself was fixated with nail polish after the placement of cover glass in order to prevent further drainage. Soundness of these slides when it comes to water bears can be seen when the cuticule is not situated only on the outside, but it braids the whole digestive system starting from mouth, stileto, pharynx, escophagus and instestine. Therefore, certain internal organs can be visible during this type of slide preparation while maintaining the integrity of the body itself. This has enabled us to notice the most important taxonomic traits and determine the species. Three species of Tardigrade were found in Xhanthoria parietina lichen: Milnesium tardigradum Doy- ere, 1840; Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri Binda and Pilato 1987 (Hypsibius oberhaeuseri Doyere, 1840); Macrobio- tus sp. Schultze, 1833.

Key words: lichen, morphometry, tardigrade, water bears

34 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

PROMENA U KARAKTERISTIKAMA ADAPTIVNE VREDNOSTI GUBARA (LYMANTRIA DISPAR L.) KAO POSLEDICA ADAPTACIJE NA RAZLIČITE BILJKE DOMAĆINE

Enver Hasanović1*, Haris Bajramlić1 1Studijski program Biologija, Departman za biomedicinske nauke, Državni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Fitofagni insekti mogu da koriste veliki broj različitih biljnih vrsta duž svoje geografske distribucije, ali lokalne populacije svoju ishranu uglavnom ograničavaju na svega nekoliko biljnih vrsta. Ukoliko biljke ispo ljavaju različiti selekcioni pritisak na insekte, to može dovesti do lokalne adaptacije insekata na biljku domaćina. Gubar (Lymantria dispar L., 1758) je polifagna i fitofagna vrsta generalist. Hrani se sa preko 500 ra- zličitih biljnih vrsta od kojih su tek neke povoljni domaćini, dok su ostale nepovoljni domaćini koji uslovljavaju promene u karakteristikama adaptivne vrednosti insekata. U Srbiji, gubar je jedna od najčešćih insekatskih vrsta šumskih štetočina sa periodičnim periodima prenamnoženja. Poređenjem adaptivnih odgovora populacija koje žive na različitim biljkama domaćinima može pružiti uvid u razvojno funkcionalnu vezu između osobina i olakšati određivanje pravaca evolucionih promena. Adaptacija na različite sredinske uslove u okviru određenih staništa, koja vodi do formiranja lokalno geografski diferenciranih populacija je dokazana i kod evropskog gubara. Hrast je povoljna biljka domaćin, a Quercus cerris je najpogodniji za razviće gubara. Bagrem je nepovoljna biljka domaćin jer njegovo lišće sadrži velike količine različitih alelohemikalija i slabog je nutritivnog kvaliteta u odnosu na hrastovo lišće. Prethodna istraživanja su bila fokusirana na razlike između populacija u pogledu osobina larvi gubara sa različitom istorijom boravka na biljkama domaćinima. Cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje uticaja ishrane gubara različitim biljkama domaćinima na karakteristike adaptivnih vrednosti larvi, lutki i adulta gubara. Prva populacija korišćena u ovom istraživanju, označena kao hrastova populacija, sakupljena je iz mešovite hrastove šume (dominantna vrsta Quercus cerris L.) u okviru šumskog kompleksa Bogovađa (70 km jugozapadno od Beograda). Druga populacija je sakupljena iz bagremove šume i označena je kao bagremova populacija (lokalitet Bagremara, 122km severozapadno od Beograda). Sa hrastovog drveća sakupljeno je 32 legla, dok je sa bagremovog drveća sakupljeno 26 legla po principu slučajno- sti. Legla su držana u frižideru na + 4°C do maja, kada su prebačena na konstantnu temperaturu radi izleganja. Jaja su gajena na temperaturi od 23°C, fotoperiodu L12:D12. Nakon presvlačenja u IV larveni stupanj, larve su gajene individualno u Petri šoljama (9 cm prečnik) i hranjene svakodnevno. Iz obe populacije, sedam do devet larvi iz svakog legla (nebalansirani full sib dizajn) su gajene na veštačkoj dijeti sa pšeničnim mekinjama, koja je laboratorijski standardizovana za gubara. Mereno je trajanje larvenog razvića, trajanje razvića lutke, masa lutke i dužina života adultnih jedinki. Analiza rezultata pokazala je da se hrastova i bagremova populacija ne razlikuju značajno u dužini trajanja larvenog razvića kao ni u dužini života adultnih jedinki sem očekivano dužeg larvenog razvića i životnog veka adultnih ženki u odnosu na mužjake. Međutim, utvrđeno je da između dve populacije postoje značajne razlike u trajanju razvića lutke i njihovoj masi pa se tako trajanje razvića lutki značajno smanjuje kod ženki a povećava kod mužjaka poreklom sa bagremove populacije u odnosu na hrastovu, dok se masa kod oba pola gubara iz bagremove populacije povećava u odnosu na hrastovu populaciju. U literaturi je zabeležena značajno veća dugovečnost i masa lutke kod gubara sa bagrema u odnosu na hrastovu populaciju. Značajne međupopu- lacione razlike u fenotipskoj plastičnosti u odgovoru na ishranu bagremovim lišćem zabeležene su za preadultni vijabilitet, trajanje razvića lutke, relativni nivo rasta i efikasnost usvajanja hrane kod larvi IV stupnja. Rezultati ukazuju da postoje međupopulacione razlike i lokalna adaptacija populacije gubara iz hrastovih i bagremovih šuma. Značajna plastičnost u odgovoru na stresne uslove se primećuje u obe populacije, što kazuje na njihove slične strategije u prevazilaženju stresnih uslova i postizanja optimalnih fenotipova.

Ključne reči: adaptacije, biljka domaćin, gubar, karakteristike adaptivne vrednosti

35 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

FITNESS RELATED TRAIT CHANGES IN GYPSY MOTH (LYMANTRIA DISPAR L.) AS EFFECT OF ADAPTATION TO DIFFERENT HOST PLANTS

Enver Hasanović1*, Haris Bajramlić1 1Biology, Department for Biomedical Sciences, State University Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Phytophagous insects can use a number of different plant species alongside their geographical distribution but the local populations limit their diets to merely a couple of plant species. If host plant species impose different selective pressures on insects, host-associated local adaptation may occur. Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L., 1758) is a polyphagous and phytophagous generalist species feeding on over 500 different plant species some of which are suitable host plant, whereas the others are unfavorable hosts which induce fitness change traits. Gypsy moth is the most detrimental forest insect species in Serbia, characterized by periodical outbreaks. Comparisons of adaptive responses of populations to different host plant species can help facilitate the identification of evolutionary constraints and developmental/functional relation- ships among traits. Adaptation to different environmental conditions within a certain habitat, which leads to the formation of distinct local geographic populations, has been shown in European gypsy moth. Oak species are suitable host plants, and Quercus cerris is the most favorable for gypsy moth development. Locust tree is an unfavorable host plant as its leaves contain higher quantities of various allelochemicals and are of poorer nutri- tional quality than oak leaves. Previous studies revealed between-population differences in larval traits in gypsy moths with different host-use history. The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of different allelochemicals found in host plants on fitness traits in gypsy moth larvae, pupae and adults. One of the populations used in this study, referred to as the Quer- cus population, was collected from a mixed oak forest (predominantly Quercus cerris L.) within the Bogovadja forest complex, (locality “Bogovadja”, 70 km south-west of Belgrade). The second population was collected from a man-made locust tree forest, referred to as the Robinia population, (locality “Bagremara”, 122 km north-west of Belgrade). 32 egg masses were randomly sampled from oak trees, and 26 egg masses were randomly sampled from black locust trees. The egg masses were kept in a refrigerator at 4°C until May, when they were transferred to a constant temperature of 23°C to hatch. They were reared at 23°C and a L12:D12 photoperiod. After molting to the fourth instar, the larvae were reared individually in Petri dishes (9cm diameter), and were provided with fresh food daily. From both populations, seven to ninelarvae from each egg mass (unbalanced full-sib design) were randomly assigned to a group fed on the control diet, the high wheat-germ based (HWG) standard laboratory diet of the gypsy moth. Data analysis showed no significant differences in length of the larval development or adult individuals’ longevity between oak and locust tree populations. Quite expectedly, differences were noticed in length of larval development and longevity between female and male specimen. However, significant differences in pupal development and mass were determined. Pupal development length is significantly shorter in females while it increases in males from locust tree population in relation to those from the oak tree population. Pupal mass in both sexes in locust tree is significantly higher than in oak tree population. In literature is shown a significantly higher longevity and pupal mass in gypsy moth from the locust tree than from the oak forest. Significant between-population variation in phenotypic plasticity in response to feeding on locust tree leaves is recorded for preadult viability, duration of pupal stage, and for relative growth rate and gross growth efficiency of fourth gypsy moth instar. Results suggest between-population differences and the local adaptation of gypsy moth populations from oak and locust-tree forests. The significant phenotypic plasticity expressed in response to stressful conditions is described in gypsy moth from both populations, suggests their similar strategies for overcoming stressful conditions and achieving optimal phenotypes.

Key words: adaptation, fitness related trait, gypsy moth, plant host

36 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF APTINUS MERDITANUS APFELBECK, 1918 (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) ON JABLANICA MT, SOUTH-WEST MACEDONIA

Angela Taseska1*, Aleksandra Cvetkovska-Gjorgjievska1, Dana Prelić1, Radmila Blazhevska1 1 Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius Universi- ty, P.O. Box 162, st. Arhimedova 3, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Population dynamics of the species Aptinus merditanus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in respect to the seasonal changes of the abundance and spatial distribution in different vegetation types on Jablanica Mt. was analyzed. The material was collected by using combined method of pitfall and intercept traps from four clima- zonal forests and one riparian habitat during the period May-July 2017, with monthly dynamics. In total 7423 individuals of Aptinus merditanus were recorded, and the sex ratio shifted in favor of females (6027 ind.). The abundance considerably differed between the vegetation types. Highest values (5238 ind.) were registered in the old chestnut forest, at 1267 m above s.l. and the lowest in the riparian habitat (292 ind.) and the oak forest (304 ind.) at 1300 m and 1050 m above s.l., respectively. Regarding the seasonal dynamics, highest abundance of the beetle was registered during July and the lowest in May. The study revealed that population dynamics of Aptinus merditanus on Jablanica Mt. is influenced by the vegetation type and season.

Key words: Aptinus merditanus, Jablanica Mt., population dynamics

THE EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE ON REPRODUCTION STRATEGIES AND HIBERNATION TYPE OF GROUND-BEETLES ON BELASICA MT.

Aleksandra Cvetkovska-Gjorgjievska1*, Dana Prelić1, Slavčo Hristovski1, Angela Mancevska1, Angela Tasevska1, Radmila Blazhevska1 1 Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius Univer- sity, P.O. Box 162, st. Arhimedova 3, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Reproduction and hibernation strategies of ground-beetle community along altitudinal gradient on Belasica Mt. were studied. Ground-beetles were systematically collected at 14 different localities by pitfall traps, with monthly dynamics in the period April-November 2010. Dissimilarities in ground beetles’ assemblages between localities were analyzed with cluster analysis.

37 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

Four types of reproduction were registered: spring, autumn, spring-autumn and plastic reproduction and both types of hibernation: as larva and imago. There was clear separation of three groups of habitats based on differences in reproductive strategies and hibernation of ground-beetles: lower altitudinal zones (240-767 m a.s.l), habitats at higher altitude (847-1385 m a.s.l.) and marked separation of the clear-cut area (1442 m a.s.l.). Spring breeders as well as ground beetles with plastic reproduction dominated in the localities from upper altitudinal belt. Their abundance as well as the abundance of ground-beetles with adult hibernation was positively correlated with the increasing altitude. These two functional groups of ground-beetle community are closely interconnected, as confirmed by almost identical dendrographs of the similarity of the carabidocenoses along the gradient.

Key words: altitudinal gradient, Belasica Mt., ground-beetles, hibernation, reproduction

DNEVNI LEPTIRI SPOMENIKA PRIRODE „SLAPOVI SOPOTNICE“ I OKOLINE ZAŠTIĆENOG PODRUČJA (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA)

Bojana Matić1,2*, Ivan Tot1,2 1Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija 2Udruženje za održivi razvoj i očuvanje prirodnih staništa Srbije „HabiProt”, Bulevar Oslobođenja 106/34, 11040 Beograd, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Spomenik prirode „Slapovi Sopotnice“ nalazi se na oko 20 km udaljenosti od Prijepolja, na obroncima planine Jadovnik. Najistaknutija odlika ovog zaštićenog područja jesu hidrološke i geomorfološke vrednosti, ali svakako i izuzetno bogatstvo biodiverziteta. Terenska istraživanja su započeta 2012. godine, a intenzivirana su u periodu od 2014. do 2017. godine, sa prolećnim, letnjim i jesenjim izlascima na teren, kako bi se dobila što jasnija slika o fauni dnevnih leptira. Osim podataka sa teritorije Spomenika prirode, prikupljani su podaci i iz neposredne okoline (Jadovnički plato, Milošev do, Kaćevo i dr.). Tokom istraživanja korišćene su isključivo neinvazivne metode - leptiri su hvatani entomološkom mrežicom i nakon identifikacije, ili fotografisanja zarad kasnije potvrde, puštani nazad u priro- du. Svi podaci su georeferencirani i uneti, sa preciznim datumom, u „Alciphron“ bazu podataka za kartiranje insekata Srbije. Zabeleženo je ukupno 823 nalaza dnevnih leptira za ovu oblast, među kojima razlikujemo 114 razli- čitih vrsta iz šest različitih familija i to: Hesperiidae (12), Lycaenidae (32), Nymphalidae (55), Papilionidae (tri), Pieridae (11) i Riodinidae (jedan). Vrste koje su bile najbrojnije, kao i prisutne na većini posećenih lokaliteta tokom svih godina istraživanja su: Melanargia galathea (Linnaeus, 1758), Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758), Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758), Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) i Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775). Od svih zabeleženih vrsta, 25 je prepoznato kroz nacionalno zakonodavstvo i nalazi se u Pravilniku o proglašenju i zaštiti strogo zaštićenih i zaštićenih divljih vrsta biljaka, životinja i gljiva: Prilog I Strogo zaštićene divlje vrste biljaka, životinja i gljiva, tri se nalaze u Direktivi o staništima EU: Prilog II, dok se u Direktivi o staništima EU: Prilog IV nalaze četiri vrste. Po IUCN-ovoj crvenoj listi Evrope, dve vrste su označene kao ranjive (VU), šest vrsta je označeno kao skoro ugrožene (NT), i jedna kao ugrožena (EN). Kao izuzetan podatak izdvojen je pronalazak vrste Erebia ottomana Herrich-Schäffer, 1847 iz 2016. godine koja je do tada bila zabeležena jedino

38 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017 na najvišim planinama Srbije: Staroj planini, Kopaoniku, Šar planini i Prokletijama, te Jadovnički kraj predsta vlja novi lokalitet za ovu vrstu i ujedno najzapadniji nalaz u Srbiji. Takođe pronalazak leptira Colias caucasica Staudinger, 1871, koji je kod nas zastupljen sa podvrstom Colias caucasica balcanica Rebel, 1901 uz skorašnje podatke sa Mučnja, Javora i Vlasine, daje jasnu sliku o rasprostranjenju ovog leptira, za kojeg se smatralo da u Srbiji naseljava jedino Kopaonik. Ovaj takson ujedno predstavlja i endem Balkanskog poluostrva. Na osnovu dosadašnjih istraživanja ovog područja, zaključuje se da je prisutan veliki broj zaštićenih i ugroženih vrsta, te je predeo od izuzetnog značaja za dalju konzervaciju. Neophodno je nastaviti i unaprediti istraživanje kako bi se dobila što potpunija slika o rasprostranjenju dnevih leptira jugozapadne Srbije, ali i Ba lkana uopšte.

Ključne reči: dnevni leptiri, fauna, Jadovnik, Slapovi Sopotnice, ugroženost, zaštita

BUTTERFLIES OF THE NATURAL MONUMENT “SLAPOVI SOPOTNICE” AND OF THE SURROUNDING PROTECTED AREA (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA)

Bojana Matić1,2*, Ivan Tot1,2 1Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia 2Association for Sustainable Development and Habitat Protection in Serbia “HabiProt“, Bulevar Oslobođenja 106/34, 11040 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

The Natural Monument “Slapovi Sopotnice” is situated about 20 km away from Prijepolje, on the slopes of Jadovnik Mountain. The most prominent characteristics of this protected area are hydrological and geomorphological qualities, but it is also distinguished by exceptional biodiversity richness. Field studies have started in 2012 and were intensified in the period from 2014 to 2017, with going on field trips in spring, summer and autumn as to obtain a better insight of butterfly fauna. Not only was data collected from the area of the Natural Monument, but also from its immediate proximity (Jadovnik Plateau, Milošev do, Kaćevo, etc.). During research only non-invasive methods were used – butterflies were caught with an entomological net and after identification or photographing, for later confirmation, were released back to nature. Every entry was georeferenced and imported, with a precise date, into the “Alciphron” database for insect mapping of Serbia. A total of 823 records for this area was collected, with 114 different species from 6 different families: Hesperiidae (12), Lycaenidae (32), Nymphalidae (55), Papilionidae (three), Pieridae (11) i Riodinidae (one). Species that were present on most localities during the whole research period and were most numerous are: Melanargia galathea (Linnaeus, 1758), Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758), Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758), Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) i Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775). From all recorded species, 25 were recognized, according to the Serbian regulatory act “Regulation on the proclamation and protection of strictly protected and protected wild species of plants, animals and fungi“, three are on Habitats Directive EU: Annex II while four species are listed on Annex IV. According to the IUCN Red List of Europe, two species are listed as Vulnerable (VU), six are Nearly Threatened (NT) and one is Endangered (EN). A remarkable discovery is the butterfly Erebia ottomana Herrich-Schäffer, 1847 from 2016 which was, up until then, found only on the highest mountains of Serbia: Stara planina, Kopaonik, Sharr Mountain and Prokletije. Therefore, the area of Jadovnik represents a new locality for this species in Serbia and also the most western record. The finding of Co- lias caucasica Staudinger, 1871, which is in Serbia present with the subspecies Colias caucasica balcanica Rebel,

39 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

1901, together with the recent data from Mučanj, Javor and Vlasina gives a clear picture of its distribution, even though it was thought to be present only on Kopaonik. This taxon also represents an endemic Balkan butterfly. With the research known up until know, the conclusion is that, because of a great number of protected and endangered species, this area is of exceptional value for conservation. It is necessary to countinue and improve the research to obtain even greater knowledge about the butterfly distribution of southwestern Serbia, but also Balkan in general.

Key words: butterfly, endangered species, fauna, Jadovnik, protection, Slapovi Sopotnice

VILINI KONJICI (INSECTA: ODONATA) NA PODRUČJU PIO „VLASINA”

Aleksandar Đukić1,3*, Saša Rajkov1, Ivan Tot1,3, Sonja Hudak1, Josip Skejo2, Aleksandra Milutinović1, Miloš Nikolić1 1Naučno-istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija 2Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Biološki odsjek, Zoologijski zavod, Laboratorij za evoluciju, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Republika Hrvatska 3Udruženje za održivi razvoj i očuvanje prirodnih staništa Srbije „HabiProt”, Bulevar Oslobođenja 106/34, 11040 Beograd, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Vilini konjici (Insecta: Odonata) su dobro proučena grupa insekata koja u svijetu obuhvata preko 5500 vrsta. U Srbiji je do danas zabilježeno 65 vrsta, 23 iz podreda djevica (Zygoptera) i 42 iz podreda pravih vilinih konjica (Anisoptera). Neke vrste imaju široku ekološku valencu i rasprostranjenost, dok su druge ograničene na veoma specifična staništa, ili se javljaju na manjim oblastima. Njihov razvojni ciklus je u većoj ili manjoj mjeri vezan za vodena staništa. Vilini konjici su model organizmi za različite tipove procjena i monitoringa, kao što su određivanje indeksa diverziteta, procjena stanja vodenih tijela (uključujući kvalitet vode i funkcionalnost ekosistema), upravljanje ekosistemima i njihova obnova kao i detektovanje i predviđanje uticaja globalnog za- grijavanja na biološke sisteme. Predeo izuzetnih odlika Vlasina se nalazi u jugoistočnoj Srbiji i predstavlja područje koje obuhvata planinski plato prosječne nadmorske visine 1000-1300 m. Obimnim hidrotehničkim intervencijama je formiran značajan hidrografski objekat Vlasinsko jezero. Iako je antropogeni uticaj doveo do degradacije ekosistema, raznovrsnost i specifičnost biotopa Vlasinskog područja uslovili su visok diverzitet flore, faune, fungije i ekosistema koji se odlikuju izraženim stepenom reprezentativnosti, autohtonosti i autentičnosti prirodnih karakte ristika. Cilj istraživanja prvenstveno je bila faunistika – popis vrsta vilinih konjica na teritoriji PIO Vlasina, kako bi se stvorio temelj za daljnja istraživanja, uključujući monitoring rijeđih vrsta. Terenska istraživanja organizovana su u okviru studentskih kampova u organizaciji Naučno-istra živačkog društva studenata biologije i ekologije „Josif Pančić“ gdje su na proljetnim, ljetnim i jesenjim kampo vima u periodu od 2013. do 2017. godine vršena istraživanja vilinih konjica. Identifikacija adultnih jedinki vršena je na terenu, pri čemu je korišten ključ za identifikaciju vilinih konjica. Kada je bilo neophodno, jedinke su uhvaćene entomološkom mrežom, pregledane pod lupom i karakteri važni za identifikaciju su fotografisani. Na području PIO Vlasina u periodu od 2013. do 2017. godine zabilježeno je ukupno 25 vrsta, svrstanih u 8 porodica, što čini 38,46% vrsta Srbije. Najbrojnije vrste bile su Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840)

40 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017 i Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758). Vrste Sympetrum vulgatum (Linnaeus, 1758), Onychogomphus forcipatus (Linnaeus, 1758) i Sympetrum striolatum (Charpentier, 1840) bile su rijetke na istraživanom području, pri čemu je S. striolatum prvi put zabilježen na jesenjem kampu 2017. godine. Vrsta Epitheca bimaculata (Char- pentier, 1825) je jedina zabilježena zaštićena vrsta na teritoriji PIO Vlasina, a zaštićena je prema Pravilniku o proglašenju i zaštiti strogo zaštićenih i zaštićenih divljih vrsta biljaka, životinja i gljiva. E. bimaculata je brojna na prostoru Vlasinskog jezera i nalažena je duži niz godina pri čemu je potvrđeno i njeno razmnožavanje na istraživanom području putem teneralnih jedinki.

Ključne riječi: Anisoptera, Epitheca bimaculata, fauna, vodena staništa, Zygoptera

DRAGONFLIES (INSECTA: ODONATA) OF LANDSCAPE OF OUTSTANDING FEATURES VLASINA

Aleksandar Đukić1,3*, Saša Rajkov1, Ivan Tot1,3, Sonja Hudak1, Josip Skejo2, Aleksandra Milutinović1, Miloš Nikolić1 1Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia 2Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoological Institute, Laboratory for Evolution, Roosevel- tov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia 3Association for Sustainable Development and Habitat Protection in Serbia “HabiProt”, Bulevar Os- lobođenja 106/34, 11040 Beograd, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Dragonflies are well studied group of insects that includes over 5500 species in the world. Until today, 64 species have been recorded in Serbia, encompassing the 42 species of dragonflies (Anisoptera) and the 23 species of damselflies (Zygoptera). Some are widespread, while others are limited to very specific habitats, or occur in smaller areas, but generally their life cycle is more or less related to an aquatic habitat. Odonata constitute a valuable tool for various types of assesment and monitoring, such as the measure of biodiversity, the appraisal of water-body health or integrity (including water quality and ecosystem function), the monitoring of management or restoration practices, and the detection and prediction of the biological impact of climate warming. Landscape of Outstanding Features Vlasina is located in southeastern Serbia and represents an area that includes a mountain plateau of an average elevation of 1000-1300 m. Extensive hydro-technical interventions have formed hydrographic object Vlasina Lake. Although the anthropogenic effect has led to degradation of ecosystems, the diversity and specificity of the Vlasina region’s biotope have resulted in a high diversity of flora, fauna, fungi and ecosystems that are characterized by a high level of representativity and authenticity of natural characteristics. The aim of the research was primarily the faunistics – to make a list of the species of dragonflies in the territory of Landscape of Outstanding Features Vlasina, in order to provide the basis for further research, including the monitoring of more rare species. Field research was organized within student camps organized by the Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”, where biological research was carried out in spring, summer and autumn camps between 2013 and 2017. The identification of adult individuals was carried out on the field, using the key to identify dragonflies. When necessary, the individuals were captured by an entomological net, checked under the magnifier glass and important identification characters were photographed. In the area of Landscape of Outstanding Features Vlasina in the period from 2013 to 2017, a total of 25 species were recorded, classified into eight families, which makes 38.46% of the species of Serbia. The most numerous species were Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840) and Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758). Species Sympetrum vulgatum (Linnaeus, 1758), Onychogomphus forcipatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Sympetrum

41 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine striolatum (Charpentier, 1840) were rare in the explored area where S. striolatum was first recorded at the autumn camp in 2017. The species Epitheca bimaculata (Charpentier, 1825) is the only protected species on the territory of the Landscape of Outstanding Features Vlasina. E. bimaculata is numerous in the area of Vlasina Lake and has been found for several years, confirming its reproduction in the explored area.

Key words: Anisoptera, aquatic habitats, Epitheca bimaculata, fauna, Zygoptera

AN UPDATED CHECKLIST OF AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES IN DOJRAN LAKE AND ITS WATERSHED (R. MACEDONIA)

Aleksandar Pavlov1*, Valentina Slavevska - Stamenković1, Jelena Hinić1 1Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia *corresponding author: [email protected]

The presented checklist is the first critical list of aquatic invertebrates from Dojran Lake and its watershed (R. Macedonia). The list is based on historical literature data and field research by the authors during the August of 2016th. In addition, identification and registration of errors from previous studies have been also indicated. Results show that Dojran Lake supports extremely high diversity of aquatic invertebrates (225 species), including numerous local, national and Balkan endemic species, thereby confirming once again that the lake meets the Key Biodiversity Areas criteria in the country.

Key words: aquatic invertebrates, biodiversity, checklist, Dojran Lake

NEW DATA ABOUT THE OCCURRENCE OF LARVAE OF CORDULEGASTER HEROS THEISCHINGER, 1979 (ODONATA: CORDULEGASTRIDAE) IN R. MACEDONIA

Valentina Slavevska – Stamenković1*, Jelena Hinić1 & Aleksandar Pavlov1 1Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius Univer- sity, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia *corresponding author: [email protected]

The Balkan goldenring (Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979) is a Natura 2000 species of community interest and it is listed as “near threatened” on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, negligible conservation efforts are being made in some regions, including R. Macedonia. Larvae were collected during several hydrobiological studies conducted in 2016-2017 with Surber sampler and Kick net. The collected specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and taken to the Laboratory of Invertebrate Zoology at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics for further identification.

42 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

Interpretation of the results revealed five localities in the country where the larvae of C. heros is recorded for the first time. Distribution, habitat requirements and main threats of the species in the R. Macedonia are discussed. The list of measures provided in this paper will serve as guideline for taking actions to conserve this species’ populations.

Key words: conservation, Cordulegaster heros, distribution, Odonata, R. Macedonia

UPDATED DISTRIBUTION OF ASTACUS ASTACUS (LINNAEUS 1758) AND AUSTROPOTAMOBIUS TORRENTIUM (SCHRANK 1803) IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA: CONSERVATION APPROACH

Jelena Hinić1*, Aleksandar Pavlov1, Lozenka Ivanova1, Julijana Arsovska1, Valentina Slavevska Stamenković1, Katerina Rebok1 & Milica Ristovska1 1Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius Univer- sity, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; *corresponding author: [email protected]

Two decapod crustaceans from the family Astacidae occur in freshwater habitats in the Republic of Macedonia: noble crayfish Astacus astacus Linnaeus, 1758, and stone crayfish, Austropotamobius torrentium Schrank, 1803. Despite their importance in aquatic ecosystems, these species receive limited conservation attention and publicity in our country. During the intensive hydrobiological investigations conducted during 2016-2017, these species were noted in several localities in the Republic of Macedonia. In some of these localities, the occurrence of these species was registered for the first time. The following paper (i) critically reviews the historical information about the occurrence and distribution of these species, (ii) represents a contribution to the knowledge of family Astacidae and its distribution in the Republic of Macedonia, and (iii) serves as a valuable source of information during investigation studies and projects on nature conservation of habitats and species.

Key words: Atacus astacus, Austropotamobius torrentium, conservation, Decapoda, distribution, R. Macedonia

43 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

NEW COUNTRY RECORDS OF METRELETUS BALCANICUS (ULMER, 1920) (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) FROM R. MACEDONIA

Biljana Rimcheska1*, Yanka Vidinova1 1Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Yurii Gagarin Str., 1113-Sofia, Bulgaria *corresponding author: [email protected]

Within the present paper we elaborate the first country records for the larval stadium of Metreletus balcanicus and the second locality for the presence of male imago from the territory of R. Macedonia. Specimens were collected during the student camp called “Ecosystems of Balkan” (Ekosistemi Balkana), organized by Soci- ety of Biology Students (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia), at the end of April 2015. The material (four larvae and one imago) was collected from small river above the lake of Suvodol (N 41.081075; E 21.556038) and according to Illies (1978) belong to zoogeographic region 6, Hellenic Western Balkan. Larvae were picked up by hand net, while the adult was collected with an entomological net. Collected specimens were preserved in 80% ethanol. From the faunistical point of view, Metreletus balcanicus present a rare species for the territory of R. Macedonia, wherein, up today there is no records from the 7 Ecoregion (Eastern Balkan) of its territory. Furthermore, illustrations of descriptive larval and adult characteristics, together with an overview of species zoogeography and ecology are given. In future, more detailed studies of the selected site/s are needed in order to estimate the overall species population increase/decrease. Thus, we could measure the impact of the anthropogenic influence at this locality, especially during summer mounts.

Key words: Ephemeroptera, Metreletus balcanicus, R. Macedonia

FIRST DATA ON THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA, INSECTA) FROM THE OREVOVECHKA REKA RIVER WATERSHED, R. MACEDONIA

Biljana Rimcheska1,2*,Violeta Tyufekchieva1, Valentina Slavevska Stamenković2, 1Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Yurii Gagarin Str., 1113-Sofia, Bulgaria; 2Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Gazi Baba bb, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia. *corresponding author: [email protected]

This work presents the first report on the fauna of Plecoptera (Insecta) from the Orevovechka Reka River watershed. Hydrobiological studies of aquatic macroinvertebrates were carried out at three locations: L1 (41o23’50.53”N, 21o39’24.56”E), L2 (41o23’48.32”N, 21o38’02.75”E) and L3 (41o23’02.02”N, 21o36’48.91”E),

44 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017 alongside the Orevovechka Reka River watershed, a tributary of the Crna Reka River in March/May/September/ November 2011 and March 2012. Plecoptera specimens from different substrates were collected with Surber sampler and hand-net (mesh of the size 500 μm), following the standard methodology for collection of bottom fauna (EN 28265:1994, EN 27828:1994, EN 9391:1995). During the complex hydrobiological investigation of the macroinvertebrates from this study site, we reported a total of 20 stoneflies taxa, belonging to seven genera and five families. Among them, one subspecies and one species are Balkan endemics: Brachyptera beali beali (Navás, 1923) and Leuctra hirsuta Bogoescu & Tabacaru, 1960. Three of the recorded species (Nemoura flexuosa Aubert, 1949, Leuctra nigra (Olivier, 1811), Isoperla grammatica (Poda, 1761)) are reported for the first time for the western part of R. Macedonia (zoogeographic region 6, Hellenic Western Balkan). In addition, illustrated descriptions and data on the zoogeography and ecology of these species are given. In summary, our results highlight the importance of new surveys in the area in order to assess the overall biodiversity of this group of aquatic insects and further to estimate the population status/extinction rates of the Plecoptera taxa according to IUCN criteria in R. Macedonia.

Key words: Plecoptera, endemic species, faunistic diversity, R. Macedonia

FAUNISTIČKA ANALIZA ZAJEDNICE MAKROBESKIČMENJAKA I PROCENA EKOLOŠKOG STATUSA REKE PEK

Katarina Kulić1*, Jovo Pokrajac1, Ana Milivojević1 1Biološki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Beograd, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Gornji deo toka reke Pek pod velikim je antropogenim pritiskom, koristi se kao recipijent komunalnih voda i otpadnih voda rudnika bakra. Cilj ovog rada je analiza zajednice vodenih makrobeskičmenjaka i procena ekološkog statusa reke Pek. Ručnom bentološkom mrežom sa svih dostupnih staništa (eng. multihabitat sampling procedure), primenom standardne „Kick & Sweep” metode prikupljeni su uzorci zajednice sa šest lokaliteta duž celog toka. Za analizu zajednice korišćen je Asterics softverski paket (AQEM 2000). U radu je prikazana kvantitativna i kvalitativna struktura zajednice, ekološke osobine prema tipu staništa, zonaciji i preferenci ishrane. Za procenu ekološkog statusa, u skladu sa nacionalnom legislativom, korišćeni su biološki indeksi: broj taksona (N), Shan- non-Wiener indeks diverziteta, Zelinka-Marvan indeks saprobnosti, BMWP i ASPT. U ispitivanoj zajednici zabeleženo je ukupno 76 taksona vodenih makrobeskičmenjaka, sa insekat- skom komponentom kao najdominantnijom (89,73%,). Najveći broj taksona zabeležen je na prvom lokalitetu (48). Na drugom lokalitetu, gde je zagađenje najintenzivnije, broj taksona je daleko manji (osam), redovi Ephem- eroptera, Plecoptera i Trichoptera izostaju, a dominaciju preuzimaju grupe Diptera (70%) i Oligochaeta (20%). Na petom lokalitetu zajednica pokazuje potpun oporavak, a Diptera ima značajno manje učešće u zajednici. Prema rezultatima bioloških indeksa najlošiji status (IV klasa kvaliteta vode) zabeležen je na drugom lokalitetu. Na lokalitetima nizvodno zabeležen je trend poboljšanja statusa, a donji deo toka ponovo dostiže I klasu kvaliteta. Rezultati su potvrdili negativan antropogeni uticaj na reku Pek, ali i ukazali na oporavak reke nizvodno od zagađenja.

Ključne reči: ekološki status, makrobeskičmenjaci, Pek, rudnik bakra, zagađenje

45 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

FAUNISTIC ANALYSIS OF MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY AND ECOLOGICAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE PEK RIVER

Katarina Kulić1*, Jovo Pokrajac1, Ana Milivojević1 1 Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

The upper part of the Pek River is under high anthropogenic pressure, as it is used as a recipient of wastewater from a copper mine and communal waters. The aim of this study was to analyse the macroinvertebrate community and to assess the ecological status of the Pek River. Samples were gathered with benthological hand net, from all available habitats (eng. multihabitat sampling procedure), from six localities along the river course, with a standard “Kick & Sweep” method. The Asterics software package (AQEM 2000) was used for the analysis of the community. The study shows quanti- tative and qualitative community structure, ecological attributes by habitat type, zonation, and feeding types. For the assessment of the ecological status, according to national legislative, following biological indices were used: number of taxa (N), Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Zelinka-Marvan saprobic index, BMWP, and ASPT. In total, 76 macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded, the dominant component were insects (87.73%). The highest number of taxa (48) was found at the first locality. The highest pollution is present at the second locality that had the lowest number of taxa (eight). Orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera were missing, while dominant groups were Diptera (70%) and Oligochaeta (20%). At the fifth locality the community showed a complete recovery, with far less Diptera participation. According to the biological indices, the second locality had the worst status (IV class of water quality). The localities downstream showed a trend of improvement, with lower course reaching I class. The results confirmed a negative anthropogenic influence on the Pek River, but have showed signs of improvement downstream from the point of the pollution.

Key words: copper mine, ecological status, macroinvertebrates, Pek, pollution

PROCENA KVALITETA VODE SREDNJEG TOKA REKE RZAV NA OSNOVU SASTAVA ZAJEDNICE MAKROZOOBENTOSA

Jelena Stanković1*, Olivera Stamenković1, Katarina Kulić2 1Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Univerzitet u Nišu; Biološko društvo „dr Sava Petrović”, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Republika Srbija 2Biološki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Studentski trg, 11000 Beograd, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Reka Rzav nastaje u podnožju planine Mučanj, kod sela Močioci, spajanjem dva potoka - Presečka reka i Jemčica, i dužine je 62 km. Predstavlja najveću pritoku Moravice u koju se uliva kod Arilja i zajedno sa njom čine pritoku Zapadne Morave. Kratkoročno istraživanje zajednice bentosnih makroinvertebrata srednjeg toka reke Rzav izvršeno je krajem jula 2017. godine, s ciljem da se na osnovu sastava zajednice makrozoobentosa proceni kvalitet vode ovog dela toka.

46 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

Istraživanje je rađeno u selu Roge, uzvodno od sela Svračkovo. Bentosne makroinverebrate su uzorko- vane ručnom bentosnom mrežom, dimenzija rama 25 x 25 cm i promera mreže 250 µm, na tri lokaliteta. Meto- da uzorkovanja je ‘kick and swip’, u trajanju od tri minuta po uzorku radi standardizacije. Uzorcima je obuhvaće- no dno reke, gde je svaki uzorak uziman sa različitog mikrostaništa dna u cilju dobijanja što reprezentativnijeg sumarizovanog uzorka za svaki lokalitet. Time se postiže uključivanje raznovrsnijih organizama i grupa organizama koje naseljavaju dno u analizi i proceni akvatičnog ekosistema. Utvrđeno je prisustvo 28 famiilija, gde su neki od organizama identifikovani do roda a neki do vrste, dalje svrstani u sedam redova, pet klasa, dva podfiluma i tri filuma. Među njima dominiraju insekti iz redova Diptera i Trichoptera, koji su predstavljeni sa po šest familija i insekti iz reda Ephemeroptera, predstavljen sa pet familija. Rod Leuctra iz reda Plecoptera je zastupljen s najvećim brojem jedinki. Velika raznovrsnost i brojnost predstavnika redova Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera i Trichoptera ukazuje na dobar kvalitet vode, gde možemo izdvojiti rodove Perla sp., Ephemera sp. i Ephemerella sp. kao indikatore čiste vodene sredine. Od fizičko-hemi- jskih parametara, mereni su pH, sa opsegom vrednosti od 8.4 do 8.9, temperatura vazduha od 25.2 do 27.5 ⁰C, temperatura vode od 17.4 do 19.3 ⁰C i elektroprovodljivost od 333 do 352 µS/cm. Deo istraživanog toka, u dužini od 927 m, se nalazi na nadmorskoj visini od oko 450 m i pripada srednjem toku reke. Od indeksa za procenu kvaliteta vode izračunati su biotički indeks BMWP (engl. Biological Monitoring Working Party) i Fa- milijarni biotički indeks (FBI). Dobijena vrednost BMWP indeksa je 139. BMWP indeks se koristi za procenu efekta organskog zagađenja, a njegova vrednost u ovom istraživanju ukazuje na krajnje čistu vodu, sa pripadno- sti ksenosaprobnoj kategoriji. Ovakva procena ukazuje na referentne uslove akvatičnog ekosistema. Vrednost Famiijarnog biotičkog indeksa od 2.63 ukazuje na prirodno čiste vode, tj. I (prvu) klasu kvaliteta. Kako bi se dobio detaljniji uvid u sastav zajednice makrozoobentosa reke Rzav i na osnovu njega procenio kvalitet vode potrebno je izvršiti sistematsko jednogodišnje istraživanje na mesečnom nivou i u istra živanje uključiti ceo tok reke.

Ključne reči: ekološka procena kvaliteta, makrobeskičmenjaci, Rzav

THE QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE WATER MID STREAM FLOW OF THE RZAV RIVER BASED ON THE COMMUNITY COMPOSITION OF MACROZOOBENTHOS

Jelena Stanković1*, Olivera Stamenković1, Katarina Kulić2 1Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš; Biological Society “dr Sava Petrović”, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Republic of Serbia 2Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 6, 11000 Beograd, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Rzav River is formed at the foot of the mountain Mučanj, near the village Močioci, by joining of two streams: Presečka and Jemčica and it is 62 km long. It represents the major tributary of the Moravica River to which it is poured at Arilje. Together they form the tributary of the Zapadna Morava River. A short-term study of the benthic macroinvertebrate community of the Rzav River was conducted at the end of July 2017, in order to assess the water quality of this part of the stream based on the composition of the macrozoobenthos community. The research has been done in the village of Roge, upstream from the village of Svračkovo. Benthic macroinverebrates were sampled with a manual benthic grid (net), a frame dimension of 25 x 25 cm and mesh size of 250 μm, at three sites. Methodology of sampling was ‘kick and swip’ with duration of 3 minutes per sample as a standard procedure. The samples represent the bottom of the river, where each of the samples has been taken from a different microhabitat for the purpose of getting a representative summarized sample from each

47 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine site. This is the way to include more diverse organisms or groups of organisms in our analysis and evaluation of aquatic ecosystem. The presence of 28 families were determined, where organisms were identified to genus or species level. They were listed in seven orders, five classes, two subphyla and three phyla. The most dominant organisms are insects from orders Diptera and Trichoptera, which are represented by six families and insects from order Ephemeroptera with five families. Genus Leuctra is from order Plecoptera and it is the most abundnant. High diversity and abundance of orgranisms from orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera indicate good water quality. Genus Perla sp., Ephemera sp. and Ephemerella sp. are indicators of extremly clean water. Physico-chemical parameters that were measured are: pH, with the value range of 8.4 to 8.9, air temperature of 25.2 to 27.5 °C, temperature of water from 17.4 to 19.3 °C and conductivity from 333 to 352 µS/cm. The part of researched flow of the river is 927 m long and its altitude is around 450 m. It represents the middle stream flow of the Rzav River. Indices which are used for estimation of water quality are biotic index BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party) and FBI (Family Biotic Index). The value of BMWP index is 139. The BMWP index is used for the estimation of effect of organic pollution. Its value in this research indicate very clean water, which can be listed as xenosaprobic valence. This assessment has shown the refferent factors of aquatic ecosystem. The value of Familiar Biotic Index is 2.63, which is the value of the naturally clean water, the first class of quality. In order to get a more detailed insight into the composition of the macrozoobenthos community of the Rzav River, and on the basis of it, assess the quality of water, it is necessary to carry out a systematic one-year research at a monthly level and to include the entire flow of the river in the research.

Key words: ecological quality assessment, macroinvertebrates, Rzav River

48 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

TREĆI dan

Zaštita životne sredine i održivi razvoj Enviromental protection and sustainable development

Članovi komisije Comission members

Marija Miličić, Snežana Popović

Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

VREDNOVANJE KRITERIJUMA UPRAVLJANJA NACIONALNIM PARKOVIMA POMOĆU METODA AHP

Milena Maksimović1*, Branislava Pavlović1, Milena Lakićević1 1Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

IUCN je Međunarodna unija za zaštitu prirode. Osnovana je 1948. godine u Švajcarskoj u cilju da pomogne očuvanju integriteta i diverziteta prirode, kao i da popularizuje i osigura održivo korišćenje priro dnih dobara. IUCN sprovodi sledeće programe: politika zaštite biodiverziteta, međunarodno pravo, zaštita šuma, upravljanje zaštićenim područjima i predelima divljine. Prilikom zaštite prirodnih dobara, primenjuje se sledećih 9 kriterijuma: zaštita prirode, naučna istraživanja, očuvanje diverziteta vrsta i gena, sprovođenje akti vnih mera zaštite, zaštita specifičnih prirodnih i kulturnih odlika, turizam i rekreacija, edukacija (obrazovanje), održivo korišćenje izvora iz prirodnih ekosistema i održanje kulturnih i tradicionalniih vrednosti. U ovom radu, vrednovali smo IUCN kriterijume upravljanja zaštićenim prirodnim dobrima (nacionalnim parkovima) koristeći teorijsko-metodološki koncept, analitički hijerarhijski proces (AHP). Analitički hijerarhijski proces (AHP) je višekriterijumska tehnika koji se koristi kao podrška odlučivanju u oblastima menadžmenta, ekonomije, ali i zaštite prirode. Primenjuje se tako što se imenuju ele- menti koji utiču na donošenje određene odluke, koji se dalje međusobno upoređuju u parovima, a kao rezultat se dobijaju težinski koeficijenti i rangiranje datih elemenata prema važnosti. Na taj način, proces odlučivanja u višekriterijumskom kontekstu je olakšan, ubrzan i precizan, sa jasnim rezultatom o tome koji element i u kojoj meri ima prednost u odnosu na ostale prilikom donošenja odluka. Prednost korišćenja analitičkog hijera rhijskog procesa je i u tome što omogućava proveru konzistentnosti prilikom vrednovanja elemenata, ukazujući na nepodudarnosti prilikom sprovedene analize. Navedene IUCN kriterijume smo klasifikovali prema značaju, međusobno ih sve uporedivši u parovima u okviru AHP metodologije. U zavisnosti od važnosti jednog kriterijuma u odnosu na drugi, davali smo mu prednost i obavili odgovarajuća vrednovanja. U skladu sa vrednostima datim u Satijevoj skali, kriterijume istog značaja smo označavali ocenom 1, a ukoliko je neki važniji, tu važnost smo određivali ocenama od 2 do 9, gde je 3 – slaba dominantnost, 5 – jaka dominantnost, 7 – demonstrirana dominantnost, 9 – apsolutna dominantnost. Ocene 2, 4, 6 i 8 predstavljaju međuvrednosti. Pri radu, imali smo 36 poređenja. Stepen konzistentnosti nam je iznosio 9.2% (dozvoljena granica je 10%). Prilikom obrade podataka, dobili smo, prema važnosti u procentima, sledeće rezultate: 1. očuvanje diverziteta vrsta i gena (24.3%) 2. sprovođenje aktivnih mera zaštite (21.9%) 3. zaštita prirode (19.2%) 4. održivo korišćenje izvora iz prirodnih ekosistema (11.8%) 5. naučna istraživanja (9.2%) 6. zaštita specifičnih prirodnih i kulturnih odlika (6.2%) 7. edukacija (obrazovanje) (3.0%) 8. održanje kulturnih i tradicionalnih vrednosti (2.9%) 9. turizam i rekreacija (1.5%) Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da najveću važnost pridajemo očuvanju diverziteta vrsta i gena, što je konkretan zadatak koji se postavlja pred zaštićeno dobro i upravljanje njime. Na drugom mestu na našoj listi kriterijuma se nalazi sprovođenje aktivnih mera zaštite, što upućuje na značaj procesa upravljanja prirodnim dobrima i neophodnost intervencija u prirodi kako bi se zaštitili izvorni ekosistemi. S obzirom na to da prvi kriterijum proističe iz zaštite prirode kao trećeg kriterijuma u našoj kategorizaciji, krajnji zaključak ukazuje na to da je zaštita prirode primarna jer za cilj ima očuvanje izvornih ekosistema. Iako najveću dominantnost imaju

51 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine navedeni kriterijumi, ne treba zanemariti ostale, jer u procesu zaštite prirode svaki od njih ima određeni značaj i ulogu i međusobno se dopunjuju.

Ključne reči: AHP, ciljevi upravljanja, nacionalni parkovi

EVALUATION OF CRITERIA FOR MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL PARKS USING THE AHP METHOD

Milena Maksimović1*, Branislava Pavlović1, Milena Lakićević1 1University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

IUCN is the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It was founded in 1948 in Switzerland in order to help in preserving the integrity and diversity of nature, as well as to popularize and ensure the sustainable use of natural resources. IUCN implements the following programs: biodiversity protection policy, international law, forest protection, management of protected areas and wilderness protection. When it comes to protection of natural areas, the following 9 criteria are being applied: nature protection, scientific research, preserving the diversity of species and genes, implementation of active protection measures, protection of specific natural and cultural features, tourism and recreation, education, sustainable use of resources from natural ecosystems and maintaining cultural and traditional values. In this paper, we evaluated the IUCN criteria for management of protected natural areas (national parks) using the theoretical-methodological concept - Analyt- ic hierarchy process (AHP). Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a multi-criteria technique used as a support for the decision-making processes in areas of management, economics, but also for nature protection. It is applied by defining the elements that affect making a particular decision; after that these elements are being compared in a pair-wise manner, and as a result one gets the weight coefficients and corresponding ranking of given elements according to their importance. This way, decision-making procces in multi-criteria context, is easier, accelerated and accurate with a clear result regarding of an element’s dominance over the others and their overall relative importance. One of advantages of the Analytical hierarchical process is that it allows consistency check for evaluation of elements, depecting the inconsistencies in the performed analysis. We classified the mentioned IUCN criteria by relevance, comparing them all in pair-wise manner within the AHP methodology. Depending on the importance of one criterion over the other, we made appropriate evaluations. In accordance with the values provided in the Saaty’s scale, we defined the criteria of the same importance as 1 in a pair-wise assesment, and if one criterion is more important than the other, that importance was assessed by values from 2 to 9, where 3 represents a weak dominance, 5 is a strong dominance, 7 is a demonstrated dominance, and 9 is absolute dominance. Values 2, 4, 6 and 8 represent the intermediate values. In this research, we performed 36 comparisons. The consistency ratio was 9.2% (the allowed threshold is 10%). During data processing, we obtained the following results, representing the importance of elements, expressed in percentages: 1. preserving the diversity of species and genes (24.3%) 2. implementation of active protection measures (21.9%) 3. nature protection (19.2%) 4. sustainable use of resources from natural ecosystems (11.8%) 5. scientific research (9.2%) 6. protection of specific natural and cultural features (6.2%) 7. education (3.0%)

52 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

8. Maintenance of cultural and traditional values (2.9%) 9. Tourism and recreation (1.5%) The obtained results indicate that the highest importance is given to preserving the diversity of species and genes, and that is a specific task for protecting and managing the natural assets. The second placed criterion on our list is the implementation of active protection measures, which points out the significance of proper managing the natural resources and the necessary interventions in nature in order to protect the original ecosystems. Considering that the first criterion is closely related to the protection of nature (the third ranked criterion in our categorization), the final conclusion states that the protection of nature is crucial because it aims to preserve the original ecosystems. Although the above listed criteria have the highest importance, the rest of criteria should not be neglected, because in the process of nature protection each of them has a certain significance and role, and is complementary to each other.

Key words: AHP, management objectives, national parks

ISTRAŽIVANJE NIVOA SVIJESTI GRAĐANA O VAŽNOSTI ŠIŠMIŠA ZA OKOLIŠ

Ivana Dočkal1,2, Šejla Goletić1,2, Aida Bahtijarević1,2, Selma Durgut1,2, Selma Dizdarević1,2* 1Univerzitet u Sarajevu, Obala Kulina bana 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina 2Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Zmaja od Bosne, 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

U Bosni i Hercegovini je zabilježeno više pokušaja zaštite kolonija šišmiša, no ljudski faktor je igrao veliku ulogu u nesprovođenju istih. Ljudska nepažnja i nedovoljno poznavanje prilikom nailaska na kolonije šišmiša u domovima potencijalno predstavlja jedan od glavnih faktora ugroženosti ovih značajnih vrsta, iako dosad u Bosni i Hercegovini nisu rađena istraživanja koja se tiču ove problematike, jer su novija istraživanja bila bazirana na pećine. Gubitak staništa zbog sječe drva, uređivanja pećina s ciljem turističkih posjeta, zatim gubitak lokacija na kojima mogu loviti, upotreba pesticida, uznemiravanje kolonija, vjetroelektrane, isušivanje i onečišćavanje voda, izgradnja autoputeva, hidroelektrana, vjetroelektrana i slično, samo su neki od razloga koji ugrožavaju opstanak šišmiša. Prema posljednjim literaturnim podacima na teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine obitava 29 vrsta šišmiša, od kojih su potencijalno sve ugrožene, međutim zbog neistraženosti stepen ugroženosti nije poznat. S ciljem prikupljanja prvih podataka o informisanosti građana o šišmišima, njihovoj ulozi, značaju i biologiji, na teritoriji Sarajeva i okolnih ruralnih predjela, sprovedena je anketa. U anketi je učestvovala 181-a osoba, a iskazano znanje učesnika je variralo s obzirom na kompleksnost pitanja. Ispitivana populacija je uglavnom pripadala uzrastu od 20 do 30 godina. Samih pitanja je bilo ukupno 16, od čega su se četiri pitanja ticala zaštite prirode uopće, šest pitanja o biologiji šišmiša i šest pitanja o zaštiti šišmiša i njihovoj koristi za čovjeka. Rezultati ankete su ukazali na to da 34,24% učesnika smatra da ljudi imaju koristi od šišmiša, 15,48% smatra da nemaju koristi a 50,28% učesnika ne zna da li ljudi imaju koristi od šišmiša. Dalji rezultati su pokazali da 79,60% učesnika smatra da bi šišmiše trebalo zaštititi, pri čemu je 65,42% tih učesnika navelo „edukaciju radi podizanja svijesti“ kao način zaštite. Postoje brojni načini koji bi omogućili podizanje svijesti građana o očuvanju i zaštiti šišmiša i njihovih kolonija u prirodi ili u vlastitim domovima. Jedno od mogućih idejnih rješenja je uvođenje S.O.S.-ŠIŠMIŠI koja omogućava građanima da kontaktiraju stručna lica koja će im pomoći u rješavanju problema sa šišmišima i kolonijama. S.O.S.-ŠIŠMIŠI već postoji u državama Evropske Unije kao što je Francuska kao i državama regije

53 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine kao što su Slovenija i Hrvatska, te pokazuje visoku stopu efikasnosti. Nadalje, obzirom da anketiranje građana u Sarajevu i okolnim predjelima ukazalo na jasnu potrebu podizanja svijesti, potrebno je poduzeti i druge, manje zahtijevne, ali efektne metode kojima će se omogućiti informisanje građana o koristi šišmiša za ljude: organizo- vanje prezentacija u obrazovnim ustanovama, dijeljenje letaka, izlaganje postera, te korištenje društvenih mreža.

Ključne reči: sos linija, šišmiši, zaštita

QUESTIONNAIRE: THE EVALUATION OF CITIZEN’S AWARENESS ON IMPORTANCE OF BATS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

Ivana Dočkal1,2, Šejla Goletić1,2, Aida Bahtijarević1,2, Selma Durgut1,2, Selma Dizdarević1,2* 1University in Sarajevo, Obala Kulina bana 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina *corresponding author: [email protected]

Several attempts to protect the bat colonies have been reported in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but the human factor played a major role in the failure to enforce it. Human negligence and insufficient knowledge of the occurrence of bats in households is potentially one of the main factors of the vulnerability of these significant species, although so far no such research has been carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina, because all the recent studies were based on caves. Loss of habitats due to logging, editing of caves for tourist visits, loss of their hunt- ing sites, use of pesticides, harassment of colonies, wind farms, drainage and water pollution, construction of highways, hydroelectric power plants, wind power plants and the like are just some of the reasons that endanger the survival of the bats. The most recent available literature indicates that the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina is home to 29 species of bats, all of which are potentially endangered. However, concerning the lack of data, it is unknown whether these species are truly endangered. With the purpose of collecting recent data regarding the awareness of citizens about bats, their role, importance and the biology on the territory of Sarajevo and its surrounding areas, a questionnaire has been carried out. Questionnaire was filled out by 181 persons, and the knowledge of the participants varied with the complexity of the question. The participating individuals were mostly people in their twenties. The questionnaire itself consisted of 16 questions, four of which were about the protection of nature and the environment, six questions concerning the biology of bats, and six concerning the protection of bats and their usefulness to man. The results indicated that 34,24% participants believe that bats are useful to humans, 15,48% participants claim humans have no use of bats, and 50,28% participants were unsure whether bats are useful to humans or not. Furthermore, 79,60% participants claimed that bats should be protected, and 65,42% of these participants suggested “education with the goal of raising the awareness“ as a method of protection. There are numerous ways which can help increasing citizens’ awareness about conservation and protection of bats and their colony in nature or in there own household. One of the possible solutions is introduc- ing S.O.S.-BATS that would enable citizens to contact professionals, that would help them in solving problems with bats and their colonies. S.O.S.-BATS already exists in countries of European Union, such as France, and countries of Balkan region and has already been shown to be effective. Based on the results of the conducted survey of citizens in Sarajevo and surrounding areas, that showed a necessity for raising awareness, along with introducting S.O.S.-BATS, it is necessary to take other less demanding, but effective measures such as handing out the fliers, posters, presentations, social networks. Key words: sos line, bats, conservation

54 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

ISTRAŽIVANJE SVIJESTI GRAĐANA O ODRŽIVOM RAZVOJU NA PRIMJERU OPŠTINE ROŽAJE (CRNA GORA)

Eldin Brđanin1*, Dejana Đurđević2 1Filozofski fakultet, Danila Bojovića bb., 81400 Nikšić, Crna Gora 2Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Tokom septembra 2017. godine vršeno je istraživanje o stavu građana na temu održivog razvoja na području lokalne samouprave Rožaje (Crna Gora), sa namjerom da se zaključi kakva je ekološka svijest građana i koliko su građani informisani o održivom razvoju u svojoj opštini. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se skrene pažnja na to koliko su građani upoznati sa pojmom održivog razvoja, koliko i da li razlikuju pojmove održivog razvoja i zaštite prirode, te koliko su građani spremni da se uključe u projekte koji se tiču održivog razvoja njihove opštine. Istraživanje je urađeno na uzorku od 100 građana sa teritorije opštine Rožaje, različite starosti, od 18 do 60 godina, a sprovedeno je onlajn putem anonimnog anketnog upitnika. Građani su odgovorili na 18 pitanja iz ankete koja su urađena na osnovu prijedloga autora. Najveći broj ispitanika je sa srednjom stručnom spremom (38%), 17% je sa višom stručnom spremom, 32% sa visokom stručnom spremom, 5% su magistri i 5% doktori nauka. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je 70% ispitanika upoznato sa terminom održivog razvoja dok je 30% odgovorilo da se nisu susretali sa njim. Rezultati su takođe pokazali da bi 80% ispitanika voljelo da dobije više informacija o održivom razvoju putem organizovanih predavanja ili radionica. O pojmu održivog razvoja trenutno najveći broj ispitanika (njih 40%) dobija informacije iz medija (televizije i štampanih medija), njih 30% preko interneta, 1% od članova porodice, 7% iz drugih izvora, dok čak do 21% ispitanika ne dolaze nika- kve informacije o održivom razvoju u lokalnoj samoupravi. Građani u ovom gradu (oko 50%) nisu upoznati sa činjenicom da Crna Gora ima Strategiju održivog razvoja čime zaključujemo da vlada velika neinformisanost građana o pravcu i ciljevima daljeg razvoja njihove opštine, a potom i države. Drugi niz pitanja u anketi odnosio se na svijest građana o uticaju antropogenih faktora na promjene u životnoj sredini. Kada je u pitanju problem poistovjećenja pojma održivog razvoja sa zaštitom prirode, 60% ispitanika je odgovorilo da su ova dva pojma identična, dok je 40% odgovorilo suprotno. Na pitanje da li čovjek pravilno koristi prirodne resurse niko od ispitanika nije dao pozitivan odgovor. Većina ispitanika je takođe svjesna da u njihovoj opštini upravljanje otpadom nije pravilno regulisano (94%). Takođe, preko 40% ispita nika nije upoznato sa projektima osmišljavanja namjene javnih prostora u opštini Rožaje. Ukoliko bi postojala mogućnost da se građani uključe u projekte osmišljavanja javnih prostora u opštini, preko njih 80% bi bilo zainteresovano za učešće. Kao veliki nedostatak u opštini Rožaje, građani stavljaju u prvi plan izgradnju gradskog parka. Preko 93% ispitanika je odgovorilo da je opštini neophodan gradski park. Iako su građani opštine Rožaje prilično informisani o tome da je Crna Gora ekološka država, 60% ispitanika je dalo tačan odgovor na pitanje koje godine je Crna Gora postala ekološka država, na osnovu dobijenih rezultata možemo da zaključimo da su građani skeptični kada je u pitanju sprovođenje ekološkog aspekta održivog razvoja. Iako nije riječ o velikom broju ispitanika, autori smatraju da dobijene informacije mogu da pomognu lokalnoj samoupravi kao podsticaj za dalje istraživanje i aktivno uključivanje građana u aktivnosti koje se tiču njihove opštine. Sama činjenica da je najveći broj ispitanika izrazio želju da dobije više informacija o održivom razvoju i da aktivno učestvuje u projektima dokazuje značaj edukacije o ovoj temi. U narednom periodu lokalna samouprava treba da organizuje što veći broj radionica na temu edukacije o održivom razvoju.

Ključne riječi: Crna Gora, ekološka svijest, održivi razvoj, opština Rožaje, strategija održivog razvoja zaštita prirode

55 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine

MEASURING CITIZENS` AWARENESS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF ROŽAJE (MONTENEGRO)

Eldin Brđanin1*, Dejana Đurđević2 1Faculty of Phylosophy, Danila Bojovića bb., 81400 Nikšić, Montenegro 2Faculty of Sciences , Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

During the September of 2017th, a survey was conducted on the citizens’ attitude towards the topic of sustainable development in the local self-government of Rožaje (Montenegro), with the intent to assess the citizens’enviromental awareness and how citizens are informed about sustainable development in their municipality. The aim of the research was to draw attention to the extent to which citizens are familiar with the concept of sustainable development, whether they differ in the concepts of sustainable development and nature protection, and how much the citizens are ready to engage in projects related to the sustainable development of their municipality. The research was done on a sample of 100 citizens from the territory of the municipality of Rožaje, of different ages, from 18 to 60 years, and was conducted online through an anonymous questionnaire. Citizens answered 18 questions from the survey that were made on the basis of the authors’ proposal. The largest number of respondents (38%) have high school education, 17% of them have higher education, 32% finished university, 5% are masters (MSc) and 5% doctors of science (PhD). The results of the research showed that 70% of the respondents were familiar with the term of sustainable development. The results also showed that 80% of respondents would like to receive more information on sustainable development through organized lectures or workshops. About the concept of sustainable development, the largest number of respondents (40% of them) receive information from the media (television and print media), 30% from the Internet, 1% from family members, 7% from other sources, while up to 21% of respondents do not receive information on sustainable development in local self-government at all. Citizens (about 50%) are not familiar with the fact that Montenegro has a Strategy for Sustainable Development, which leads us to conclude that there is a big lack of information on the direction and goals of further development of the municipality, and the state. The second set of questions in the survey concerned citizens’ awareness of the impact of anthropogenic factors on environmental change. When it comes to the problem of identifying the notion of sustainable development with nature protection, 60% of respondents answered that these two terms are identical, while 40% answered the opposite. When asked if people are using natural resources responsibly, none of the respondents gave a positive answer. Most respondents are also aware that waste management is not properly regulated in their municipality (94%). Also, over 40% of respondents are not familiar with projects intended for designing of public spaces in the municipality of Rožaje, but if they were given an opportunity to get involved in projects intended for designing of public spaces in the municipality, over 80% of them would be interested to participate. As a major shortcoming in the municipality of Rožaje, citizens put the construction of a city park in the forefront. More than 93% of respondents answered that the municipality needs a city park. Although the citizens of the Rožaje municipality are well informed that Montenegro is an ecological state, 60% of respondents gave an accurate answer to the question of which year Montenegro became an ecological state, based on the obtained results, we can conclude that citizens are skeptical when it comes to implementation ecological aspect of sustainable development. Although we did not have a large number of respondents, the authors believe that the information obtained can help local self-government as an incentive for further research and active involvement of citizens in the activities that concern their municipality. The fact that most respondents expressed the desire to get more information on sustainable development and to actively participate in projects proves the importance of edu-

56 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017 cation on this topic. In the following period, local self-government should organize as many workshops on the topic of sustainable development education.

Key words: ecological awareness, Montenegro, protected areas, Rožaje municipality, sustainable development, sustainable development strategy

prooksidacioni efekti elektromagnetnog polja u humaniM fibroblastIMA pluća

Meliha A. Hasanović1* 1Studijski program Biologija, Departman za biomedicinske nauke, Državni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Republika Srbija *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Usled savremenog načina života i upotrebe moderne tehnologije, životno okruženje je permanentno izloženo delovanju elektromagnetnog polja (EMP) poreklom od električnih vodova, kablova i raznih kućnih aparata. S obzirom da je ljudska populacija izložena delovanju EMP, postoji ozbiljna zabrinutost o njegovim efektima na zdravlje ljudi. Tokom proteklih decenija, epidemiološke i eksperimentalne studije povezuju izlo- ženost ljudi EMP sa nastankom i razvojem neurodegenerativnih bolesti, promenama u ponašanju, kognitivnim i moždanim aktivnostima i povećanom riziku od nastanka karcinoma. Sa druge strane, elektromagnetna stimulacija ima široku primenu u kliničkoj praksi u lečenju određenih psihijatrijskih i neurodegenerativnih poremećaja, kao i u stimulisanju procesa regeneracije neurona i kostiju. Tačan mehanizam kojim EMP utiče na žive sisteme još uvek nije poznat. Nastanak oksidacionog stresa je jedan od mogućih mehanizama štetnog delo- vanja EMP na žive sisteme. Oksidacioni stres nastaje usled poremećaja oksidaciono/antioksidacione ravnoteže u ćelijama, bilo u smislu povećane produkcije reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika ili u smislu smanjenog kapaciteta anti oksidacionog zaštitnog sistema. Reaktivne vrste kiseonika su visoko reaktivni molekuli koji se u fiziološkim uslovima produkuju u ćeliji u toku oksidativnih procesa. Održavanje oksidaciono/antioksidacione ravnoteže u ćeliji je od ključnog žnačaja za ćelijsku signalizaciju, proliferaciju i diferencijaciju. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispitaju efekti niskofrekventnog elektromagnetnog polja (ENF-EMP) na oksidaciono/antioksidacioni metabolizam ćelijskih linija humanih fibroblasta pluća MRC-5. Ćelijska kultura je gajena u hranljivom medijumu (DMEM) sa dodatkom 10% fetalnog goveđeg seru- º ma i antibiotika pri temperaturi od 37 C u vlažnoj atmosferi sa 5% CO2. Ćelije su tretirane ENF-EMP od 50 Hz i 10 mT u toku 24h, 48h, 72h i 7 dana. Tretman se sprovodio svakodnevno u trajanju od 1 sata. Nakon tretmana, određivana je vijabilnost ćelija primenom MTT testa. Koncentracije komponenti oksidaciono/antioksidacionog .- sistema, kao što su superoksid anjon radikal (O2 ), redukovani glutation (GSH) i oksidovani glutation (GSSG), određene su u ćelijama nakon lize. Iste analize sprovedene su i na netretiranim ćelijama koje su služile kao kontrola. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da se vijabilnost ćelija značajno ne menja posle 24h tretmana, dok se posle .- 48h i sedam dana značajno povećava, a posle 72h značajno smanjuje u odnosu na kontrolu. Koncentracija O2 u .- ćelijama je značajno manja nakon 24h i 72h tretmana. Nakon 48h tretmana, kocentracija O2 se ne menja, dok se nakon sedam dana tretmana značajno povećava. Koncentracija GSH u ćeliji se smanjuje nakon 24h i 48h tetma- na dok se ne menja nakon 72h i sedam dana tretmana. Koncentracija GSSG u ćelijama povećana je nakon 24h, 48h, 72h i sedam dana tretmana. Odnos GSH/GSSG je značajno smanjen nakon tretmana u odnosu na kontrolu. .- Održavanje niskih i optimalnih vrednosti O2 u ćeliji pri niskim vrednostima koncentracije GSH i visokim vrednostima koncentracije GSSG nakon akutnog tretmana ELF-EMF (24h i 48h) ukazuje da GSH ima znača-

57 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine jnu ulogu u zaštiti ćelija od ELF-EMF indukovanog oksidacionog stresa. Nakon 24h tretmana GSH redukuje .- produkciju O2 , što rezultira optimalnom vijabilnošću ćelija. Povećana produkcija GSH, kao odgovor na ELF- EMF indukovani oksidacioni stres stimuliše proliferaciju ćelija nakon 48h. Značajno povećanje koncentracije GSSG u ćelijama nakon 72h tretmana inhibira ćelijsku proliferaciju. Nakon sedam dana tretmana produkcija .- O2 nadamašuje GSH-zavisne zaštitne mehanizme ćelije, što rezultira značajnim povećanjem proliferacije ćelija.

Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da GSH ima značajnu ulogu u zaštiti ćelija od ENF-EMP indukovanog oksidacionog stresa u toku akutnog tretmana (24h, 48h i 72h). Nakon subhroničnog tretmana (sedam dana), ENF-EMP stimuliše proliferaciju ćelija humanih fibroblasta pluća MRC-5.

Ključne reči: elektromagnetno polje, fibroblasti, oksidacioni stres, proliferacija

prooxidative EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN HUMAN LUNG FIBROBLASTS

Meliha A. Hasanović1* 1Study program of Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia *corresponding author: [email protected]

Contemporary way of life and the increased use of modern technology have made electromagnetic field (EMF), that comes mostly from power lines, power-transporting cables and numerous household appliances, become widely present in the human environment. The concern about its effects on public health is raised because the population is increasingly exposed to EMF. Over the past decades, epidemiological and experimental studies have indicated possible association of EMF exposure with development of certain neurodegenerative diseases, changes in behaviour, cognitive and brain activity and the increased risk of cancer. In addition, electromagnetic stimulation has been widely used in clinical practice in treating of certain psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders as well as in promoting the process of neural and bone regeneration. The exact EMF mechanism affecting the organism is still unknown. Oxidative stress is one of the possible mechanisms of EMF harmful effects on living systems. Oxidative stress results from a disturbance of oxidative/antioxidative balance in the cells, either in terms of increased reactive oxygen species production or in terms of reduced antioxidative defense system capacity. Reactive oxygen species are highly reactive molecules that are generated during cellular oxidative metabolism. Maintenance of the cellular oxidative/antioxidative balance is critical for cellular signalling, proliferation, and differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the oxidative/antioxidative metabolism in human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5. The cells were cultured in DMEM, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and antibiotics at 37ºC in 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere. The cells were exposed to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 10 mT), 1h/day during 24h, 48h, 72h and seven days. After treatments, the cellular viability was determined using MTT assay. The concen- .- trations of oxidative/antioxidative system components, such as superoxide anion radical (O2 ), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), were determined after lysis of the cells. The same analyses are performed on the untreated cells that were used as a control. The obtained results show that the cellular viability does not change significantly 24h after treatment, while significantly increases 48h and seven days after treatment. Significant decrease of cellular viability .- was documented 72h after treatment. The concentrations of O2 are significantly lower in cells 24h and 72h after .- cellular exposure to ELF-EMF. The 48h after treatment, the concentrations of O2 did not change, while it was significantly increased seven days after treatment. Exposure to ELF-EMF induces reduction of GSH concen-

58 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017 trations in the cells after 24h and 48h. The concentrations of GSH did not change in the cells 72h and 7 days after treatment. The concentrations of GSSG were increased 24h, 48h, 72h and seven days after treatment. The GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly reduced after treatments in comparison to control. Maintenance of low and .- optimal O2 concentrations in the cells at low GSH concentrations and high GSSG concentrations after acute ELF-EMF treatment (24h and 48h), indicates that GSH plays an important role in protecting cells from ELF- .- EMF induced oxidative stress. The GSH reduces the production of 2O , 24h after treatment, leading to optimum cellular viability. Increased production of GSH in response to ELF-EMF induced oxidative stress stimulates cellular proliferation after 48h. The significant increase in GSSG concentrations in cells 72h after treatment inhibits - cellular proliferation. Seven days after treatment, 2O production exceeds the GSH-dependent cellular protective mechanisms, resulting in a significant increase in cells proliferation. The results obtained in this study show that GSH plays an important role in protecting cells from ELF-EMF induced oxidative stress after acute treatment (24h, 48h and 72h). After subchronic treatment (seven days), ELF-EMF stimulates the proliferation of human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5.

Key words: electromagnetic field, fibroblasts, oxidative stress, proliferation

CIRBP, TEMPERATURA I GENI BIOLOŠKOG SATA

Nina Đukanović1,2* 1Biološki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Beograd, Republika Srbija 2Centar za Integrativnu Genomiku, Univerzitet u Lozani, 1015 Lozana, Švajcarska *autor za korespondenciju: [email protected]

Spavanje je regulisano interakcijom između dva procesa: procesa homeostaze spavanja i cirkadijalnih ritmova. Distribucija spavanja, uslovljena homeostazom spavanja, utiče na ekspresiju gena koji su odgovorni za regulaciju molekularnog biološkog sata ćelija, takozvanih gena biološkog sata. Cirkadijalni sistem sisara čine centralni pejsmejker, suprahijazmatično jedro, SCN (eng. suprachiasmatic nucelus), kao i oscilatori u većini perifernih ćelija koji su podređeni SCN-u. U ovim ćelijama geni biološkog sata eksprimirani su tako da formiraju autoregulisanu povratnu spregu, u kojoj ciklus aktivacije i represije traju približno 24h. Distribucija spavanja, kao i cirkadijalni ritmovi imaju efekta na temperaturu tela, koja može da varira u opsegu od 1 do 4⁰C kod miševa. Ciklusi telesne temperature kontrolišu ritmičnu ekspresiju CIRBP proteina (eng. Cold-Induced RNA Binding Protein). CIRBP je neophodan za visoke amplitude ekspresije gena biološkog sata, kao i za preživalja- vanje ćelija pod stresnim uslovima. U datoj studiji, prvo smo se bavili hipotezom da je uticaj temperature na ekspresiju gena biološkog sata posredovan proteinom CIRPB. Paralelno tome, želeli smo da ispitamo da li je CIRBP esencijalan za preživlja vanje ćelija pri temperaturama nižim od fizioloških nivoa. Korišćena su dva genotipa primarnih kultura fibroblasta, iz wt (eng. wild type) miševa i miševa u kojima je nokautiran Cirbp gen (KO). Oba genotipa imala su konstrukt gena biološkog sata Period2 (Per2) fuzionisanog sa genom koji kodira za enzim luciferazu. Pri ekspresiji PER2, luciferaza je takođe eksprimirana, te katalizuje reakciju sa luciferinom iz medijuma i proizvodi fotone, koji su potom mereni pomoću LumiCycle (Actimetrics, Illinois, USA) instrumenta. U ranijim studijama pokazano je da tokom deprivacije sna temperatura tela zadržava više temperature. Mi smo zato imitirali deprivaciju sna in vitro tako što smo produžavali izlaganje fibroblasta maksimalnoj fiziološkoj temperaturi (38ºC) tokom 6h. Fibroblasti WT ćelija i KO ćelija za CIRBP izlagani su različitim temperaturnim uslovima: 37⁰C, 17⁰C i 4⁰C. U različitim vremenskim tačkama u toku perioda od 24h, ćelije su prebrojana pomoću Trypan Blue boje,

59 EkoBioMorfa 2017 3. Konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine a ćelijska vijabilnost merena je pomoću WST-1 eseja. Merenja su vršena na 0h, 6h, 12h i 24h od izlaganja ćelija različitim temperaturama. Naša studija pokazala je da promene u temperaturi nemaju značajan efekat na amplitudu ekspresije PER2. Međutim, pokazano je da je ekspresija PER2 u antifazi sa temperaturnim ciklusima. Kod oba tipa fibroblasta, uočeno je da je pad stope preživljavanja pratio pad temperature. Takođe, primećene su razlike u stopama ćelijskog preživljavanja u prvih 6h između wt i KO ćelija; čini se da KO ćelije mnogo brže podležu ćelijskoj smrti u odnosu na WT ćelije. Iako CIRBP ima efekta na ekspresiju gena biološkog sata, čini se da nije posrednik pri uticaju tempe rature na ekspresiju datih gena. Efekat CIRBP-a na preživljavanje ćelija u uslovima hipotermije potencijalno je uočljiv u prvih 6h. Ipak, kako je studija uključivala samo dva biološka ponavljanja po grupi (n=2), neophodna je ponovna studija sa većim uzorkom koja bi potvrdila rezultate.

Ključne reči: biološki sat, cirkadijalni ritmovi, homestaza spavanja

CIRBP, TEMPERATURE AND CLOCK GENES

Nina Đukanović1,2* 1Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia 2Center for Integrative Genomics, University in Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland *corresponding author: [email protected]

Sleep is regulated by the interaction between two processes; the sleep homeostatic process and circadian rhythms. Sleep-wake distribution, driven by the sleep homeostat, has been found to affect the exression of genes responsible for the molecular cell clock, namely clock genes. The circadian system in mammals consists of a central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), as well as subsidiary oscillators in most peripheral cells. In these cells, clock genes form an auto-regulated feed-back loop, in which the activation and repression cycle take approximately 24h. Both sleep-wake distribution and circadian rhythms affect changes in body temperature, which can vary between 1-4⁰C in the mouse. Body temperature cycles control rhythmic expression of Cold-Induced RNA Binding Protein, CIRBP. CIRBP is necessary for high-amplitude clock gene expression and for cell survival under stressful stimuli. In the present study, we first tackled the hypothesis that the temperature affects clock gene expression through CIRBP. In parallel, we wanted to examine if CIRBP is essential for cell survival at temperatures lower than the physiological levels. Two genotypes of primary fibroblast cultures were used, from wild type (WT) and knock out (KO) mice for the Cirbp gene. Both types of fibroblasts had a construct of the clock gene Period2 (Per2), fused with the Luciferase gene. When PER2 was expressed, luciferase was expressed as well and, by catalyzing the reaction with lucipherin in the medium, it produced photons that were subsequently counted using the LumiCycle (Ac- timetrics, Illinois, USA) instrument. As it has been shown in previous experiments, during sleep deprivation, temperature stays at high levels. We thus mimicked sleep deprivation in vitro by prolonging the exposure of fibroblasts to the maximum physiological temperature (38ºC) by 6h. Fibroblasts of both CIRBP WT and KO animals were exposed to different temperature conditions: 37⁰C, 17⁰C and 4⁰C. At different timepoints over a period of 24h, cells were counted using Trypan Blue and their viability was measured by WST-1 assay. Measurements were taken at 0h, 6h, 12h and 24h. Our study showed that the amplitude of PER2 expression was not significantly affected by changes in temperature. However, the expression of PER2 appears to be in antiphase with the temperature cycle. In both

60 Knjiga izvoda 24-26. novembar EkoBioMorfa 2017

WT and KO fibroblasts, it was observed that survival rate was analogous to the temperature. A difference in the survival rate in the first 6 hours between WT and KO also was noted; the KO group seemed to succumb to cell death much faster than the WT. Although CIRBP has an effect on the expression of the clock genes, it seems that it’s not mediating the temperature effect on the expression of those genes. The effect of CIRBP on cell survival in hypothermal conditions is potentially noticable in first 6h. However, since the present study involved only two biological replicates per group (n=2), a study with larger sample size is necessary to confirm these results.

Key words: biological clock, circadian rhythms, sleep homeostasis

61 CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Библиотека Матице српске, Нови Сад

502/504(048.3) 574(497.11)(048.3)

КОНФЕРЕНЦИЈА студената биологије, екологије и заштите животне средине “Екобиоморфа” (3 ; 2017 ; Нови Сад) Knjiga izvoda / 3. konferencija studenata biologije, ekologije i zaštite životne sredine “EkoBioMorfa 2017”, 24-26.11.2017, u Novom Sadu ; [glavni urednici Milica Atlagić i Nikola Milić]. - Novi Sad : Naučno- istraživačko društvo studenata biologije i ekologije “Josif Pančić”, 2017 (Novi Sad : Boje). - 61 str. ; 24 cm

Uporedo srp. tekst i engl. pevod. - Str. 7: Predgovor / Urednički tim “EkoBioMorfa 2017”. - Tiraž 200.

ISBN 978-86-900177-0-6 1. Атлагић, Милица [уредник] a) Екологија - Апстракти b) Биодиверзитет - Србија - Апстракти COBISS.SR-ID 318596871

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