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Iain E.F. Flett Mphil Thesis @63 1<;4871@ <4 @63 >34<>9/@7<; /;2 239<1>/1D 7; @63 53;3B/ <4 ?1<@8/;2! &))("&*&%- /; 7;@><2A1@7<; @< 327@32 @3C@? <4 2<1A93;@? >38/@7;5 @< @63 0A>56 <4 2A;233 7EMQ 3# 4# 4OIVV / @LIUMU ?WFPMVVIH JRT VLI 2IKTII RJ 9=LMO EV VLI AQMXITUMV[ RJ ?V# /QHTIYU &,+& 4WOO PIVEHEVE JRT VLMU MVIP MU EXEMOEFOI MQ >IUIETGL.?V/QHTIYU-4WOO@IZV EV- LVVS-$$TIUIETGL"TISRUMVRT[#UV"EQHTIYU#EG#WN$ =OIEUI WUI VLMU MHIQVMJMIT VR GMVI RT OMQN VR VLMU MVIP- LVVS-$$LHO#LEQHOI#QIV$&%%'($(%'+ @LMU MVIP MU STRVIGVIH F[ RTMKMQEO GRS[TMKLV THE CONFLICT OF TEE REFORMATION AND DEMOCRACY IN THE GENEVA OF SCOTLAND 1443 - 1610 AN INTRODUCTION TO EDITED TEXTS OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE BURGH OF DUNDEE lain E.F. Flett CERTIFICATE I certify that lain Ernest Farquhar Flett has fulfilled the conditions of the resolution of the University Court, 1970, No. 3, and that he is qualified to submit this thesis in application for the Degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. Professor James K. Cameron, Sty.' Mary's College, versity of St. Andrews. DECI,ARATIOL. I hereby declare that the following thesis is based on the results of research carried out by myself, that it is my own composition and that it has not previously been presented for a higher degree. The research was carried out at the University of St. Andrews under the supervision of Professor James K. Cameron. THE CONFLICT OF THE REFORMATION AND DEMOCRACY IN THE GENEVA OF SCOTLAND 14.4.3 - 1610: AN INTRODUCTION TO EDITED TEXTS OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE BURGH OF DUNDEE This thesis is an introduction to a collection of edited texts concerning the course of the Reformation in Dundee, taking as a starting point the negotiations which led to the agreement between the Abbey of Lindores and the Town of Dundee concerning the burgh church in 1442/3, and as a conclusion the successful appointment of James Gleg, the nominee of the Trades of Dundee, as Schoolmaster. The starting point is significant as an expression of ecclesiastic individualism by the Town Council, an individualism which in turn nurtured a religiosity which was to provide a receptive atmosphere for reformed thought. The conclusion is also significant as an expression of individualism by the Trades of Dundee, who recognised the importance of education in continuing the impetus of reformed thought in the town, and established their share of control over that education although they lost their rights to representation on the Town Council. The successive waves of Lutheran and Calvinist influence from Europe are considered through the trading links of Dundee with the continent, together with the effect of the successive English and French military occupations of the area. Domestic influences are also considered, such as the sympathies and relative political power of the local landed and merchant classes during the upheavals of the regencies of Queen Mary and of James VI. As the growth of reformed opinion affected a sympathetic local gentry and prosperous merchant oligarchy through the dissemination of printed texts and university education, so a growth of religious and political consciousness followed in the burgh Crafts through popular song and drama and through preaching. Fifty years after the political impetus to the Scottish Reformation, it was the Trades of Dundee who were intent on maintaining the purity of reformed education. Finally comparisons are made between the course of the Reformation in Dundee, in the other burghs in Scotland, and in the Reformed Cities of Europe. Despite fundamental differences in the background and nature of the Reformation in Dundee and other areas, it is concluded that Dundee was a typical Scottish Reformed burgh in its awareness of its responsibilities to discipline the population, to educate the young/ - 2 - young and to care for the poor. It was unfortunately like Geneva in that the progress of democracy suffered in both after the respective figureheads of Provost Haliburton and of Calvin retired from the scene. April 1981 lain Ernest Farquhar Flett TOLE OP Cu TN page ABBREVIATIONS EDITORIAL PRINCIPLES iii PREFACE iv CHAPTERS 1. From individualism to Lutheranism: Dundee 1443 - 1546. 1 2. The growth of reformed opinion in Dundee between the deaths of George Wishart and Walter Myln. 1546 - 1558. 39 3. The Haliburton Era, I: Reformation and entrenchment, 1559 - 1570. 67 4. The Haliburton Era, II: Ascent of the Crawford Family 1570 - 1586. 101 5. The establishment of Scrymgeour 1586 - 1598. 124 6. The rise of Robert Howie and Civic unrest 1598 - 1610. 147 7. Dundee as the 'Geneva of Scotland': myth or reality? 168 BIBLIOGRAPHY 184 A.P.S. The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland 1124-1707, ed. T. Thomson and C. Innes, 12 vols. (Edinburgh, 1814-75). Cal. 5. For..( Calendar of State Panors, Foreimn 1547-1589 (London, 1861-1950). S.P. Sco!.. Calenda r of the State Papers relatin to Scotlad and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547- 1603, ed. J. Bain and others, 14 vols. (Edinburgh, 1898-1952). Calderwood History of the Kirk of Scotland by Mr. David Calderwood, ed. T. Thomson and D. Laing, 8 vols. (Wodrow Society, 1842- 49). Cameron, Letters Letters of John Johnstone and Robert Howie, ed. J.K. Cameron (St. Andrews, 1963). Charters and Documents Charters, writs and public documents of the Royal Burhth of Dundee, the Hostal and Johnston's Bequest 1292-1880, ed. W. Hay (Dundee, 1880). Donaldson, Thirds Accounts of the Collectors of Thirds of Benefices 1561-1572, ed. G. Donaldson (Scottish History Society, 1949). F.E.S. Scott, H., Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae 6 vols. (Edinburgh, 1866-71). Herries, Historical Historical memoirs of the reisa of Nary, Memoirs Queen of Scots, and a portion of the rein of -Kin; James the Sixth 1:7 Lord Herries, ed. R. Pitcairn (Abbotsford Club, 1837). Joint Apnendix of Joint Appendix of documents in c-visa Documents The Presbytery of Dundee.verslts The Royal Burch of Dundee, ed. C. limes (House of Lords, 1855-58). James Melvill, Diary The Diary of Mr. James Melvill 1.55=- 1601 (Bannatyne Club, 1829). Melville of Halhill, The Memoira of hcam life 'cm Sir Memoirs James Mo1 7'lle of H,jhill, ed. Thomson (Bahna...-yne- :dub, 1827). I? sses of Dundee , ed. A.I . Millar (Dundee, R.P.C. Rr.,-Ister of the Privy Council of Scoil,-nd 154-1.:25, ed. J.E. Burton and D. Masson, 14 vols. (Edinburgh, 1877-93). _s tor of the Mnisters, Elders and Deacons of St. Andrews 159-1'100, ed. D.E. Elening, 2 vols. (Scottish History Society, 1889-90). Spottisweode History of the Church of Scotland by John Spottiswoodc, ed. M. Russell and M. Napier, 3 vols. (Spottiswoode Society, 1847-51). Tytler, ilistor} Tytler, P.P., The Histoa of Scotland, 4 vols. (Edinburgh, 1864). Warden, Burch Laws Warden, A.J., The Burgh Laws of Dundee with the History and Extracts from the Records of the Guild of Merchants and Fraternities of Craftsmen (Dundee, 1872). EDITORIAL PRINCIPLES Editorial principles have been applied to the transcripts of original documents used in the text and footnotes of this thesis. Original spellings have been retained throughout and not modernised, although the following alterations have been made to certain letters; the yogh has been replaced by 'th° and 2 by 'y' where necessary; e.g. 'se' has been replaced by 'the' and '3ong' has been replaced by 'yong'. & the ampersand has been replaced by 'and'. 'i' has been substituted for 'j' in numeration; e.g. 'iij' has been replaced by 'iii'. u, v, w : modern forms of these vowels have been used where necessary, e.g. 'vedinsday' has been replaced by 'wedinsday' and 'sovme' has been replaced by 'soume'. Contractions have been expanded, e.g. 'qlk' has been replaced by 'qhilk', and square brackets have only been used where the text of the original is obliterated or missing, or when extraneous information, such as the date, has been added by the editor. Currency has been contracted to '1i.' for pounds, 's.' for shillings, 'd.' for pence, and 'm.' for merks. Punctuation has been added, and capitals have been exchanged with minuscule, and likewise minuscule for capitals, where the sense demanded it, e.g. 'dauid' has been replaced by 'David'. Quotations from published edited texts have been reproduced as printed, even where the transcriptions are difficult to follow, e.g. .. and ai l v,y-rs rentis anualin and causualties p-ten-g to ye said crart, N. rden, T3y1' ) - iv - PREFACE This thesis is an introduction to a collection of edited texts concerning the course: of the Reformation in Dundee, taking as a starting point the negotiations which led to the agreement between the Abbey of Lindores and the Town of Dundee concerning the burgh church in 1442/3, and as a conclusion the successful appointment of James Gleg, the nominee of the Trades of Dundee, as Schoolmaster. The starting point is significant as an expression of ecclesiastic individualism by the Town Council, an individualism which in turn nurtured a religiosity which was to provide a receptive atmosphere for reformed thought. The conclusion is also significant as an expression of individualism by the Trades of Dundee, who recognised the importance of education in continuing the impetus of reformed thought in the town, and established their share of control over that education. Although the negotiations between the Town of Dundee and the Abbey of Lindores were similar to those undertaken by other burghs which sought to establish the independence of their town churches, in Dundee they were carried out with determination and with a certain degree of ill feeling against Lindores. Once established under the new arrangement, the church of St.
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