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I N T R O D U C T I O N, Xxv Shave Conferred Fo Great Obligations on the Antiquarian Republic; Dr

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I N T R O D U C T I O N, Xxv Shave Conferred Fo Great Obligations on the Antiquarian Republic; Dr INTRODUCTION: CONTAINING An Hiftorical Account of the Origin and Eftablifliment of the SOCIETY of ANTIQJJARIES. HE Hiftory and Antiquities of Nations and Societies have T been obje&s of inquiry to curious perfons in all ages, either to feparate. falfhood from truths and tradition from evidence, to cftabliih what had probability for its bafis, or to explode what refted only on the vanity of the inventors and propagators. The firft traces of every hiftory were rude and imperfedl; better me- thods of preferring fa£ts fucceeded. The unchifeled ftone, or rudeft hieroglyphic, accompanied the fongs of the bards, to per- petuate the atchievements of a whole nation, or a few indivi- duals; till the ufe of letters, and the complicated tranfaftions, claims, and interefts of men, taught them to multiply memorials, and to draw them up with more ikill and accuracy, » !• a THE Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.8, on 23 Sep 2021 at 20:16:35, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900021548 II INTR O D U C T I O N. THE arrangement and proper ufe of fa£b is HISTORY;—not a* <mere narrative taken up at random, and embelliflied with poetic -di&ion, but a regular and elaborate inquiry into every ancient re- cord and proof that can elucidate or eftablifli them. For want of thefe, how large a proportion of hiftory, from the creation of the world to theprefent age, remains yet to be fifted by the fagacity of modern criticifm! To this neglect is owing, that we have no more certainty about the firft ages of Rome than of Mexico \ and if the fame darknefs overfpreads the early periods of ourown hiftory, it is from the feme caufe;*' The only fecurity againfl this and the accidents of time and barbarifm is, to record prefent tranfa&ions,, or gather the more ancient ones from.the general wreck. The rnoft indiftindt colle&ion has this merit,that it fupplies materials to thofe who have fagacity or leifure to extradl, from the common mafs, whatever may anfwer ufeful purpofes. Here begins the p#$- vince of the. ANTIQUARY, who will never be deemed an un- ferviceable member of the community, whilft curiofity, or the love of truth fubfiftsj and leaft of all, in.an age wherein every part x>f fcience is advancing to perfe£tion, and in a nation not afraid of penetrating into the remoteft periods of their origin, oj of deducing from it any thing that may refled diihonour on them, or afFe£t either their civil orreligious rights. Our neighbours, the French, have inftituted the like inquiry \a\\ but they> are indebted to us for the idea of a-Society> whofe peculiar' objeft was to trace the Antiquities of their country through every branchy to preferve'the memory of ail who haddeferved well of it bythdr noble a£Uon% [ The Acaderaie des Infcriptions et d^s Bjdles Lsttres, inftitiited in the middle ofthe laft century to record the-progrefs of Louis XlVth's ambition, when thefe fubjefts ceafed^ extended its plan in 1718 to inquiries after the Antiquities of "France and other kingdoms in general; and, agreeably to its name, cennedted Philology with Antiquity.—There was a .college.of Antiquaries >at Upfal in the middle of the.laft century,, prudent Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.8, on 23 Sep 2021 at 20:16:35, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900021548 INTRODUCTION. ill prudent counfels, ufeful inventions, or extenfive knowledge. Perhaps the very name of ANTIQUARY [b] was ufed firffe in Eng* land, if it be true that Henry the Vlilth conferred it in an efpe- cial manner on Leland, who eminently deferved it. Be this as it may, there was a Society of Antiquaries fo early as the reign of Elizabeth. ITS foundation may be fixt to the 14th yearof her reign(i 572}^] and the honour of it is entirely due to that munificent patron of letters and learned men, Archbifhop Parker. The members met near 20 years at the houfe of Sir Robert Cotton ; and in 1589 refolved to apply to the Queen for a charter of incorporation, and for fome public building, where they might alTerable and have a library [*/]. The laudable views of this inftitution will beft appear from the heads of a petition intended to be exhibited to her Majefty, for incorporating " An Academy for the ftudye " of Antiquity and Hiftory," under a Prefident, two Librarians, and a number of Fellows, with a body of ftatutes: the library to be called " The Library of Queen Elizabeth," and to be well [£] In the fenfe here given to it. The word Antiquarius appears from IfidorQ (Orig. vi, 14.) to be fynonymous with tranfcribers of old MSS. " qui tantum- ** modo vetera fcribunt." The old Gloffaries render it ap%xibypa,(p(&>f and fome- times fimply xaXXiff &$®* • and the Domus Antiquariorum in monafteries feems to have been the apartment appointed to fuch purpofes, Vit. Abb, S. Albani, p, 4 j, where the author celebrates Radulph de Gubiun, 17th Abbot, and an Englijhman t. Steph. for his care of this apartment and library. See more inftances of this original fenfe in Du Cange, Gloff.an voce. Juvenal indeed, fat. vi. 1. 4^ caj|5 a female pedant, Antiquaria, Whether Leland had the title of Antiquarius by any royal inveftiture or not, he takes it at the end of his New-year's gift to King Henry. (Yj " About 42 years fince, divers gentlemen in London, ftudious in Antiqui,- ** ties, framed themfelves into a College or Society of Antiquaries." Preface to Spelman's Difcourfe on Law terms, written 1614. Life of Mr. CareWj, prefixed to his Cornwall, 1753, p. 12* ^ * furnlflied Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.8, on 23 Sep 2021 at 20:16:35, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900021548 W INTRODUCTION. furnifhcd with fcarce books, original charters, muniments,-and" other MSS. The Members to take the oath of fupremacy, and another oath to preferve the library: the Archbifhop and the great; officers of ftate, for the time being [*], to vHit the Society every five years; the place of meeting to be in the Savoy, or the di£- folved Priory of St. John of Jerufalem,or elfewhere^ THE reafons urged in fupport of this petition, as recited in a u MS. in the Cotton library [y]rwere Fitft? That there are many " monuments worthy of obfervatiorv, whereof the originals are " extant in the hands of fome private gentlemen ;,and alfo divers " other excellent MSS. whereof there is no*record:: which by " this means (hall have public and fafe cuftody, for ufe when* " occafion fhall ferve. Secondly, The care which her Majefty's " progenitors have had for theprefervation of fuch antient mo- " numents: King Edward L,having fearched the libraries o£all *' monafteries for declaration of his title to Scotland, caufedto u be made and committed divers copies of the records, and much << concerning that realm, unto divers Abbies; which for the " moft part are now periihed, or become fcarce, and^prjvily re* Ci tained on the diflblution of religious houfes. The; like was " done in the time of Henry VIII. when the Pope's authority " was aboliflied: efpecial care being taken to fearch for ancient " books and: antiquities- to manifeft his ufurpation. Several* ** treaties and proclamations were publifhed by authority, for u fatisfa&ibn of the world in divers public matters, which after *• fome time are difperft, and become very rare, for want of a- " public prefervation thereof. Thirdly, This Society will not " interfere with the Univerfities, as tending to the prefervation 41 of Hiftory and Antiquities, whereof the Univerfities, long [i] They are appointed vifttoK under the-prcfent charter of the Society^ [/] Tit.B, v. f. 184, iC buried Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.8, on 23 Sep 2021 at 20:16:35, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900021548 INTRO DUCT ION. v ** buried in the arts, take no regard. Fourthly, The more *c civilized nations, as Germany, Italy, and France, take great ** care to encourage this kind of learning, by public le&ures; « libraries, and Academies.'^ Laftly, It was propofed, that to thefe obje£ts might be added the ftudy of modern languages, and the hiftory and interefts of the neighbour nations, to qualify jaerfons for public characters and offices. THIS petition and thefe reafons were figned by Sir Robert Cotton, Sir John Dodderidge, and Sir James Lee. Whether it was prefented, and what was the fuecefs, does not appear. The author of Mr. Carew's Life fays[g], their hopes were fruftrated by the Queen's death. There was indeed a tradition among the revivers of the Society in the prefent century, that Ibme grant had been obtained, which by its difcontinuance was forfeited, Mr. Holmes often mentioned it; and had it been among the re- cords in his cuftody, he would certainly have brought it to light. Thefe learned perfons,thus aflbciated, were probably countenanced by her Majefty* and continued to meet till her death; and, under the aufpiees of the Archbiftiops, their Prefidents, flourifhed and increafed exceedingly.
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