[m]is now very commonly used by scientists, and has changed the look of much that is issued in the area where the concepts of circulation and publication overlap. Peter Campbell "New Looks, New Newspapers" London Review of Books (Volume 10, Number 11, 2 June 1988)
COMMUNICATIONS OF THE USERS GROUP EDITORBARBARA BEETON
VOLUME9, NUMBER2 . AUGUST,1988 PROVIDENCE RHODEISLAND . U.S.A. TUGboat TUGboat Editorid Committee The communications of the 7&X Users Group are Barbara Beeton, Editor published three times per year at Providence, Rhode Alan Wittbecker, Production Editor Island, and are distributed as a benefit of member- Helmut Jiirgemen, Associate Editor for Software ship to both individual and institutional members. Maureen Epptein, Associate Editor for Submissions to TUGboat are for the most part Applications reproduced with minimal editing. and any questions Laurie Mann, Assoczate Editor on Training Issues regarding content or accuracy should be directed Georgia K.M. Tobin, Associate Editor of Font to the authors. with an information copy to the Forum Editor. Don Hosek, Associate Editor for Output Devices Jackie Damrau, Associate Editor for Submitting Items for Publication Alan Hoenig and Mitch Pfeffer, Associate Editors The deadline for submitting items for Vol. 9, No. 3, for Typesetting on Personal Computers is September 12. 1988: the issue will be mailed in See page 11 5 for addresses. November. Manuscripts should be submitted to a member of the TUGboat Editorial Committee. Articles of general interest, those not covered by any of the editorial departments listed. and all items submitted on magnetic media or as camera-ready copy should be addressed to the Production Editor, Alan Wittbecker, at the TUG office. Contributions in electronic form are encour- aged. via electronic mail, on magnetic tape or diskette, or transferred directly to the American Mathematical Society's computer: contributions in the form of camera copy are also accepted. For instructions, write or call Alan Wittbecker at the TUG office. An address has been set up on the AMS com- puter for receipt of contributions sent via electronic mail: TUGboatQMath.AMS . corn on the Internet. TUGboat Advertising and Mailing Lists For information about advertising rates or the purchase of TUG mailing lists, write or call Ray Goucher. Other TUG Publications TUG is interested in considering for publication manuals or other documentation that might be useful to the l$$ community in general. If you have any such items or know of any that you would like considered for publication, contact Ray Goucher at the TUG office. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
Maria Code Jim Fox Data Processing Services Academic Computing Center HG-45 1371 Sydney Dr University of Washington Sunnyvale, CA 94087 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE 408-735-8006 Seattle, WA 98105 206-543-4320 Note: Unless otherwise specified, John M. Crawford network addresses (shown in foxQuwavm.acs.washington.edu Computing Services Center typewriter font) are on the Internet. Bitnet: f ox7632Quwacdc College of Business TEX Users Group Office Ohio State University David Fuchs P. 0. Box 9506 Columbus, OH 43210 1775 Newel1 Providence, RI 02940-9506 614-292-1741 Palo Alto, CA 94303 or Crawford-JQOhio-State 415-323-9436 653 North Main Street Bitnet: TS0135QOHSTVM.4 Richard Furuta Providence, RI 02904 Ester Crisanti Department of Computer Science 401-751-7760 TE CO GRAF snc. Univ of Maryland TUGQSeed.AMS.com Via Plinio, 11 College Park, MD 20742 Elizabeth Barnhart 20129 Milano, Italy 301-4541461 National EDP Dept Jackie Damrau TV Guide Dept of Math & Statistics Bernard Gaulle 100 Matsonford Road Univ of New Mexico CIRCE/CNRS Radnor, PA 19088 Albuquerque, NM 87131 B P 63 215-293-8890 505-277-4623 91406 Orsay Cedex, France Stephan v. Bechtolsheim darnrauQdbitch.unm.edu 16.6.941.82.50,ex 3259 2550 Yeager Rd #3-11 Bitnet: 3amrauQbootes EARN:UCIROOI atFRORS31 W Lafayette, IN 47906 Shane Dunne Raymond E. Goucher 317-463-0162 Department of Computer Science TkX Users Group i5fQl.cc.purdue.edu Middlesex College P. 0.Box 9506 Lawrence A. Beck University of Western Ontario Providence, RI 02940-9506 Grumman Data Systems London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada 401-751-7760 R & D, MS D12-237 shaneQuwocsd.uwo.cdn regQSeed.AMS.com Woodbury, NY 11797 Allen R. Dyer Dean Guenther 516-682-8478 2922 Wyman Parkway Computer Service Center Barbara Beeton Baltimore, MD 21211 Washington State University American Mathematical Society 301-243-0008 or 243-7283 Computer Science Building, Room 2144 P. 0. Box 6248 Maureen Eppstein Providence, RI 02940 Pullman, WA 991641220 Administrative Publications 401-272-9500 509-335-0411 Stanford University bnbQSeed.AMS.com, Bitnet: GuentherQWSUVMl Encina Hall, Room 200 bnbQxx.lcs.MIT.Edu, Stanford, CA 94305 Doug Henderson [email protected] 415-725-1717 Division of Library Automation Malcolm Brown as.mveQEorsythe.Stanford.Edu University of California, Berkeley 186 University Hall AIR/Systems Development Michael J. Ferguson Sweet Hall 3rd floor Berkeley, CA 94720 INRS - T~l~communications Stanford University 415-642-9485 Universite du Quebec Stanford, CA 94301 Bitnet: dlatexQucbcmsa 3 Place du Commerce 415-723-1248 Verdun (H3E 1H6), Quebec Canada Alan Hoenig MBBQjessica.Stanford.Edu 514-765-7834 17 Bay Avenue Lance Carnes CSnet: mikextel . inrs .cdnQubc Huntington, NY 11743 516-385-0736 C/o Personal Alberto Formigoni 12 Madrona Avenue Dipartimento di Scienze Don Hosek Mill Valley, CA 94941 dell'Informazione Platt Campus Center 415-388-8853 Universith degli Studi di Milano Harvey Mudd College S. Bart Childs via Viotti, 315 Claremont, CA 91711 Dept of Computer Science 20133 Milan, Italy Bitnet: dhosekQhmcvax Texas A & M University College Station, TX 77843-3112 409-845-5470 bartQcssun.tamu.edu Bitnet: BartQTAMLSR TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
Patrick D. Ion Richard S. Palais Michael J. Wichura Mathematical Reviews Department of Mathematics University of Chicago 416 Fourth Street Brandeis University Department of Statistics P. 0. Box 8604 Waltham, MA 02154 5734 University Avenue Ann Arbor, MI 48107 617-647-2667 Chicago, IL 60637-4931 313-996-5273 312-702-8329 ionQSeed.AMS.com Mitch Pfeffer Suite 90 wichuraQgalton.UChicago.edu Helmut Jiirgensen 148 Harbor View South Alan Wittbecker Dept of Computer Science Lawrence, NY 11559 TEX Users Group Univ of Western Ontario 516-239-4110 P. 0. Box 9506 London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada Arnold Pizer Providence, RI 02940-9506 519-661-3560 401-751-7760 Department of Mathematics Bitnet: helmutQuwovax aewOMath.AMS.com UUCP: helmutQjulian University of Rochester Rochester, NY 14627 Warren Wolfe David Kellerman 716-275-4428 Department of Mathematics Northlake Software Royal Roads Military College 812 SW Washington Craig Platt Dept of Math & Astronomy FMO Esquimalt Portland, OR 97205 Victoria, B.C., Canada VOS 1BO 503-228-3383 Machray Hall Univ of Manitoba 604380-4592 David Kennedy Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada Bitnet: wolf eQrmc Micro Publishing Systems, Inc. 204474-9832 Dominik Wujastyk 300-1120 Hamilton Street Csnet: plattQuofm.cc .cdn Wellcome Institute for the History Vancouver, V6B 2S2 British Bitnet: plattauofmcc of Medicine Columbia, Canada 183 Euston Road 604687-0354 Barry Smith Blue Sky Research London NW1 2BP, England Donald E. Knuth 534 SW Third Ave (01) 387-4477 Department of Computer Science Portland, OR 97204 dowQwjhl2.harvard.edu Stanford University 800-622-8398; 503-222-9571; Ken Yap Stanford, CA 94305 TLX 9102900911 Dept of Computer Science DEKQSail.Stanford.Edu Usenet: tektronix!reed! barry University of Rochester Paco La Bruna Rilla Thedford Rochester, NY 14627 TE CO GRAF snc. Intergraph Corporation, MS HQ1006 KenOcs.Rochester.edu Via Plinio, 11 One Madison Industrial Park Usenet: . . ! rochester! ken 20129 Milano, Italy Huntsville, AL 35807 Hermann Zapf 2-20 81 50 and 2-27 80 63 205-772-2440 Seitersweg 35 Klaus Lichtenwalder Georgia K.M. Tobin D-6100 Darmstadt Datapat GmbH The Metafoundry Federal Republic Germany Alter St Georgs Platz OCLC Inc., MC 485 N R 9/8000 6565 Frantz Road Miinchen 401 Dublin, OH 43017 Federal Republic Germany 614-7646087 8913510362 Antonius J. Van Haagen Pierre A. MacKay 1818 East Michigan Avenue, Apt 711 Northwest Computer Support Group Los Angeles, CA 90033 University of Washington 213-269-1220 Mail Stop DW-10 Seattle, WA 98195 Glenn L. Vanderburg 206-543-6259; 545-2386 Computing Services Center MacKayQJune.CS.Washington.edu Texas A & M University College Station, TX 77843 Laurie Mann 409-845-8459 Stratus Computer Bitnet: X23OGVQTAKVM1 55 Fairbanks Boulevard Marlboro, MA 01752 Samuel B. Whidden 617-460-2610 American Mathematical Society uucp: harvard! anvil! es !Mann P. 0. Box 6248 Providence, RI 02940 David Ness 401-272-9500 TV Guide sbwQSeed.AMS.com Radnor, PA 19088 215-293-8860 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
Los Alamos Sets New Membership Record General Delivery Ray Goucher Los Alamos National Lab set a new membership From the President record when it renewed its 1988 Institutional Mem- bership listing 52 individuals! Bart Childs At TUG's 1985 annual meeting at Stanford When I first started writing this, I was about to say University, the Lab sent half a dozen staff members "there is little to report." That is not the case. The to investigate the feasibility of adopting !l&X. In rn community and TUG have been quite busy addition to participating in the meeting, several and there are many things to report. attended the courses which were being offered. You were informed in vol. 9, no. 1 that TUG In September, Gary Benson called and asked if headquarters was moving to a fire station. It has TUG would do an in-house course for the happened! Our separation from AMS is not like Lab. Since then, about two dozen courses at all a divorce, it is more like sending your child off to levels of !l&X and IAW have been conducted at grow up. We are appreciative of the support from the Lab, attended by more than three hundred staff AMS in getting us started. TUG will still be a members. customer of AMS in many ways and we expect to What an undertaking! What an accomplish- continue to have excellent relations. Please bear ment! with us, because moves are never the easiest things Congratulations! And thank you to all at the to live through. Lab who helped make this endeavor such a rous- Dean Guenther has put together an excellent ing success, especially Gary Benson, Gary Doolen, program for our annual meeting in MontrCal. It David Kratzer, and Pat Vucenic! And a very special certainly promises to be another great meeting. thanks to our instructor, Stephan v. Bechtolsheim, One topic we might want to consider at the who spent so much time commuting between In- meeting is scheduling BOFs for some of the "per- diana and New Mexico that he must have given sonal" systems (IBM PC, Macintosh, and others), serious consideration to taking up residence in Los and perhaps making sure there is adequate repre- Alamos. sentation for users of these systems on the Steering Committee. I hear that Robert MCGaffey's committee is sending a lot of paper back and forth in their work on driver standards. That is a big task and any progress will be worthwhile. We are moving forward with a special study Donald Knuth Awarded Franklin Medal group to try to standardize our classes with syllabi, At the Franklin Institute's Medal Day program milestones, checklists, prerequisites, and tests. We on April 13, Donald E. Knuth was awarded the are also discussing means to try to increase the Franklin Medal, in recognition of his work in the success rate of offering courses. Too often, we fields of computer science and typesetting. have to cancel classes due to inadequate enrollment. The Franklin medal, established in 1914, is Alan Wittbecker, TUG's wnical Director, will be the highest honor bestowed by the Committee on closely involved in these activities. Science and the Arts of the Franklin Institute, and Some of you have probably noticed that we is awarded to those involved in physical science have new classes of institutional memberships. Or- and technology who have advanced a knowledge of ganizations with large sets of T)$ users can now physical science or its application. The medal was conveniently and economically involve more of their first awarded in 1915 to Thomas Edison. Other mers. Texas A&M (of course) and Los Alamos medalists include Wilhelm Roentgen, Edwin Land, National Laboratories have taken advantage of this. Albert Einstein, and Marie Curie. Knuth's citation recognizes him for the devel- opment of m, and for the series of books The Art of Computer Programming. The same series of books was also recognized by an earlier award, the American Mathematical Society's Steele Prize for Expository Writing, presented in 1986. 118 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
'QX in a Publishing Environment: 7&X is a paragraph setting composition lan- A Survey of Production/Commercia1 Users guage; most other composition languages set type Elizabeth M. Barnhart line by line. In line-by-line systems, once a line TV Guide of type has been hyphenated and justified, it is closed and will not be changed; can rework How the Question of TEX in the Production a paragraph completely differently when one word Environment Started is eliminated. This can present some problems in In August of 1987, members of TV GUIDE'Sstaff a production environment, since knowing exactly presented a paper at the Annual TUG Conference. where a line breaks is often important, for example A discussion of the needs and problems of produc- when laying out multiple items on a page. tion users of TEX as opposed to individual academic Another difficulty discussed is the fact that users followed. when produces a .dvi file, the fonts involved When we first got involved with m, in 1985, lose their identity. They are assigned a number we discovered that a large percentage of the rn in the font table contained in the "postamble" community consisted of academic users of TEX, but of the .dvi file. Some environments need to be that few production typesetting applications were able to convert text stored on a database back using w. However, it seems that in the last few to the original format, so they must be able to years more publishing operations are adopting l)$ reconstruct the font calls made in the original text. for parts of their typesetting production. Sending "notes" to the .dvi file using the \special command can be used to handle this. Sample Problems in a One of the biggest problems that most users Production/Commercia1 Environment faced was the complexity of defining page lay- Although TEX has many positive features, prob- outs with "output" routines. There can be many lems were encountered by production users as they different types of output required in a publish- experimented with the rn language. Discussions ing environment since this is all governed by the with other production users at the Conference in type designer's specifications for each job processed. Washington led to some of the following points Someone with quite a bit of TEX knowledge has to being raised. be available to create these varying output routines. The individual academic user is usually in- Creating large "runaround" text can be compli- volved with a relatively small quantity of out- cated, but with some adjustments to how 'I&X sees put - from a few pages to perhaps several hundred paragraphs, this can be handled. pages. In contrast, production users deal with In the publishing world there is also the ques- much larger volumes of output-and on strict pro- tion of tracking errors, separating "PEs" (Printer's duction deadlines-posing quite different processing Errors) from "AAs" (Author's Alterations). problems. has no facility to track this sort of thing. In the typical academic environment, one per- The Point of this Discussion and Survey son might key in text through a word processor or PC editor and handle the style and output of The idea of surveying production users to identify the text by the insertion of typesetting commands their needs and problems was discussed. I was directly into the text. In a publishing environment, asked to create a questionnaire and circulate it the flow of capturing keystrokes and correcting files to the production users of m.A questionnaire may be done by many people in several areas and has been developed; it begins on the next page. revisions have to be passed around easily. Out- You can use this questionnaire to let us know if put is handled by feeding items through predefined you have encountered similar problems, or others typesetting-specification files created by a specialist. that are unique to your production environment. One problem encountered is that 7&X was Please take the time to fill it out and return it by designed for wide columns. When working with September 1, 1988. Results of this survey will be narrow-column type for multi-column output, many published in a later issue of TUGboat. adjustments have to be made to the \tolerance and Information gathered here could lead to future penalties that control the line-breaking algorithm articles or a section of TUGboat devoted to the in rn. However, it has been pointed out that as problems of production users and solutions you become more familiar with m, making these gathered from the 7&X community. adjustments is relatively easy. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
Production/Commercia1 Users Questionnaire
4A. Is your proofing output produced on a Company: different device than camera copy? If yes, have you had problems with font Representative's Name: compatibility, and how have you solved them? [ yes Street Address: I
City, State, Zip:
Phone: What typeset product is the main output of your organization? [ ] General Topic Books 5. How do you feel about the level of training required to use TFJ for typesetting? Please [ ] Technical Books explain your answer. [ ] Magazine [ ] Less than other systems [ ] Journal [ ] More than other systems [ ] Labels [ ] About the same [ ] Directories [ ] Forms [ ] Newspaper [ ] Internal Documents [ ] Other: Are you using now for output of any typeset pages? 6. Do your keyboarders really have to know TEX, 1 I yes [ IN0 or is it "hidden" from them? (Please explain.) If yes, what percentage of your typeset output is produced by 7&X? If no, are you experimenting with the use of in your production? In what environment are you using w, 7. Who creates the code for output routines, mainframe or micro? etc., in your environment? (Explain.) [ ] Mainframe (Makelmodel, operating An in-house guru system?) [ ] TFJ [ ] Consultant [ ] Production personnel ] Micro (Makelmodel of machine(s)?) [ [ ] Other
On what type(s) of device(s) are you producing output? Specify make and model of machine. [ ] Laser or impact printer
[ ] Typesetter 8. Do you use Plain l&X or a "standard" macro package? Which package(s)? [ ] Plain [ ] Macro package [ ] Outside service bureau TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
9. Where and how do you get fonts not delivered 16. What sources have you used to help with T)$ with the standard TEX release? problems? (Please explain.) ] 7&X Users Group in Rhode Island ] AMS Offices ] Copies of TUGboat 1 Knuth's The T&Xbook 10. Have you used METAFONT at all in your I Whax installation? Explain. I WMag ] Courses offered in Q,X ] Other
11. What have been some of the problems you have encountered trying to develop the use of T@ in your environment? 16A. If you have contacted the TUG headquarters, were they able to answer your question or solve your TEX problem for you? [ I yes [ ] No (Explain.)
12. How did you find out about m?
17. Can you think of any areas where the T)$ Users Group could be of help to you?
13. What do you feel are W's strong points?
18. What do you anticipate will be your future involvement with W? 14. What do you feel are W'sweak points?
15. What would you change about QX if you could? Please fill out by September 1, 1988, and return to: Elizabeth Barnhart National EDP, TV Guide 100 Matsonford Road Radnor, PA 19088 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 121
Editorial Comments but if either of us is out of town, someone else will Barbara Beeton be assigned to check it, acknowledge the receipt of messages and inform the senders how long it will be First, I would like to apologize for the many errors until someone is actually there to read them. that crept into the last issue. Some new production We keep hearing requests that items from procedures were being instituted, and some of the TUGboat be made available on-line. A subdirec- final checks that should have been made just didn't tory
Changes since the end of last year appear as TEX implementors' early warning system extracts from the files TeX82. BUG and MF84. BUG, in Since Knuth has included me in the list of people the supplement at the end of this issue. he informs whenever he makes any changes to TkX, Changes to T$jX METAFONT, C&T or the CM fonts, I have set up a mailing list of all the implementors and distributors These are the changes that precipitated each new I know about, so that changes can be communicated version of 'QX beginning with changes made in to them as quickly as possible. The details of all the November 1987. The reward for being the first to changes mentioned above have been sent out to the find a new bug in 'QX now stands at $81.92. list, and acknowledgements were received from most 2.6 (November 1987) Added lOsp to width when of the addressees, so rn 2.93 should be generally shipping leaders, to improve the handling of available soon. rounding in device drivers. If you are an implementor or distributor of TEX 2.7 (November 1987) Improved the rounding of software and believe you should be included on the negative-width characters. list, send me your name and address (preferably a 2.8 (December 1987) Removed a loop that oc- valid Internet address) and a short description of curred when no hyphenation patterns have what you're doing that makes you eligible. been loaded and hyphenation is attempted when a \lccode is 1. 2.9 (December 1987) Made the assignment of \csnames global, so that they don't disap pear when the first definition occurs inside a group. 2.91 (April 1988) Fixed a bug that showed up when trying to process \outer\def \aOO\a\a. Bart Childs 2.92 (May 1988) Fixed a problem with \patterns. Also fixed bad handling of file names gen- Most of us have seen one of the little warnings, "TeX erated with complex macros; in 2.91, typing capacity exceeded . . ." at one time or another. \input\romannumeral6 in response to the ** When it is memory that has been exceeded, it prompt, and \end on the next line, would is probably most often due to a missing brace result in T)$ reporting that it has written a or similar error. But some macro packages, like transcript file called "viTEXPUTn . Michael Wichura's P~m,MichaelSpivak's Tables 2.93 (June 1988) Fixed negative halving in memory to Die For, and even IP'QX, can encourage this allocation, which caused a problem just before error in legal uses. running out of memory when mem-min is While I was working on the port of Cray TJ$ negative. and reviewing Don Knuth's tapes on l&X: the Program, it dawned on me that we can change 'QX Changes to METAFONT to use 64-bit words rather than 32-bit words on Here are the changes to METFIFONT. The reward most systems. We generally use 128k memory as for being the first to find a new METAFONT bug is opposed to the former limit of 64k. When we do now $20.48. this, we have noticed an increase in speed of about 1.4 (May 1988) A typo which suppressed detec- 7% under AOS/VS. tion of an error was fixed. The timing of Lily Barkovic-Mummert has installed these scan-declared-variable was also fixed. changes on several Mach systems at CMU, IBM 1.5 (June 1988) Comparable to the change for 'QX PC-RT, SUN 3, and pVAX. These too are probably 2.93. faster. We will be publishing the details later. If you are interested in obtaining these change files, Changes to PLAIN. TeX please contact us. The following definitions should be corrected in PLAIN. \def\arrowvert{\delimiter"33COOO 1 \def\ArrowvertC\delimiter"33DOOO 1 \def\bracevertC\delirniter"33EOOO ) TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 123
Porting to C Handling multiple files is not comfortable and what Klaus Lichtenwalder about viewing two files at the same time? We Datapat GmbH Miinchen split the source into many smaller units, so as to drastically reduce compile time when making minor There are already several C versions of m available changes in just one procedure, and to have better that claim to have passed the trip test, namely response time in handling text units of a few K Commonm, Turbom and the version for the instead of a few hundreds. People invented a make Commodore Amiga. It is also said that parts of facility, so why not use it? (God bless UNIX!) Microw are written in C. We have also developed At this time, we got the source of a fairly a portable version of m in C in a one year project, big version of EMACS and tried to port it to our which now has been upgraded to the latest (as far machine (then a V.0 68000 machine). This decision as we know) Version 2.5. Our version of passes turned out to have a major impact on the successful the Trip test (naturally, otherwise we wouldn't dare port of m,because of EMACS' sophisticated text tell you) and has been very easily ported to a handling commands and not easily surpassed size number of different machines, as you will see later restrictions, and last, but by far not least. the on. modes that help you edit programming languages. But anyway, having EMACS doesn't solve The translation process porting problems. First thing then was to invent is supposed to be portable by any means (if some kind of Pascal beautifier. The rewrite process you get a running version of the BSD pc Pascal started afterwards. Line by line the Pascal source compiler). If you look at the distribution was replaced by the equivalent C code. There sources, you will find that rn has actually been EMACS was of great help with global replace written in a meta-language called WEB. If you functions over all of its buffers. and with its finally get the necessary things up und running and keyboard macros. The latter were especially useful have your 'l&X Tangled to Pascal source (which is for transforming Pascal control structures to their supposed to show up at the end), you probably C equivalents. We didn't intend to transform might stop trying to port '&$. But if you know into a hell of a C program (who would dare to something about Pascal and aren't worried about change Knuth's intentions, or, worse, algorithms?), editing lMbyte files, as we did, just keep on working, but to simulate Pascal restrictions as closely as or, better, have your Pascal compiler carry on. So, possible so as not to lose portability (whatever depending on your Pascal compiler, you could have degree of portabilit,~you expect). In the middle a running version of T$jX or, more probably if of the rewriting process (and after buying "w: you are not on a BSD machine, you will start to The Program") we learned of some useful macros look at the lMByte of error messages you just got. and defines we re-introduced into the Tangled So did we, and encountered a problem with our source code for flexibility. So this prolonged step Pascal compiler (probably a cross-compiled version of rewriting into C took about half a year. The from a 8116-bit machine) in handling reasonably- process of convincing the C compiler that the stuff sized (definitely not large) arrays. A problem had he was reading was actually C did not take too already shown up in compiling Tangle and Weave, long. There were quite a lot of misspellings and two tools you need for handling WEB files. After misconceptions and the like to get rid of. if you trying to fix that problem in Pascal without losing expected the program to do more than just print too much efficiency, we stopped relying on Pascal out the banner message "This is TeX . . .". and thought about using something else. Not too far away from Pascal, and maybe a The major problem reasonable choice on a UNIX system, we started One misconception, however, was of particular to think about C. Yet another reason was a C importance to the portability of the C version that compiler that never showed up with a bug or the slowly came into existence. In the WEB versions there like (even the optimizer wasn't buggy, something are provisions for machines that do sign extensions, you may encounter on some 680x0-machine or and for machines that don't. We ignored the other). So with this promising background, we took preconditions, and. as always with a 50% chance. a close look at the some 23,000 lines of source code you get the wrong half. When we learned about the and stopped working on that problem soon after, problem and also that this source wasn't intended because vi didn't seem well suited for this problem, for our machine, we went over the source code once since standard vi is limited to a 256K input file! again and spotted it with a handful of type casts. 124 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
The net effect is, if your C compiler knows how to Extensions handle casts (up to now, every C compiler we could With this WinC version we started a cooperation test did), that this source runs on both types of with a German typesetter. In this project we machines. designed an extended m program, which we call Passing the Trip test Photom, to cope with the possibilities available with phototypesetting machines, and made some The important milestone after the banner is the Trip adaptations for German respectively European en- test. Needless to say, it didn't run at once. In fact, vironments. The Photom Program understands there were some very subtle bugs introduced while two additional keywords, setsize and slantsize, rewriting. It took another half a year to succeed so that we are capable of handling dynamic fonts with this test. One of the main problems lay in in the typesetting machine. Also we had to cre- the input routine, where we didn't use Knuth's raw ate metric files (tfm-files) for the fonts that are version, but the optimized version that happened to resident in phototypesetting machines, as there are be in the change file (ever heard of a change file?). machines that are not able to download fonts. An- Needless to say, the algorithms and data structures other hard problem was to find the right kernings, in QXare computer proof; that means, that if you as typesetters need them. have a compiler that deserves this name, you get An additional problem for the German environ- this program running. ment is hyphenation of words with Umlaute (and Sure enough, people learned about our project other special characters you encounter in a Euro- and asked for a port, if we ever got it running. pean environment). At the moment, there are two Most of the time these people were more optimistic solutions we know for hyphenation, both coming about a possible success than we were. But then we from the University in Bonn, Germany. One is to could make the (ultimate) test for portability. fool the hyphenation routine, while the other, and The one thing we learned is: that rn (whether by far better, solution requires a minor change in in Pascal or in C or whatever) is not only a the METAFONT description, recreating the fonts, typesetting system, but also a compiler test system. and an addition in the dvi driver. We preferred the There were some problems compilers introduced second approach for our German version of l&XinC. with the input of W, but if you wanted to demonstrate the bug to the computer or compiler distributor, you couldn't reproduce the error with a normal sized program. We encountered the fact that fixed array locations like memC327601, as happen to be used as kind of register in the typesetting processor Q$, will be translated to T'X Adapted to CWEB anything, but definitely not to the locations you would expect. Also you have to cope with the David Kennedy most tricky optimizers, which try to keep the Micro Publishing Systems, Inc. program small enough by optimizing procedures This article announces in CWEB, a new away, or deleting the index in z = mem[zl before starting point for l)$ ports. We have recently using it. But these problems were not too often completed the translation of T)$ to CWEB, a encountered, and after tuning some 110 statements version of Don Knuth's WEB system of structured not for efficiency but for portability, we now have documentation, entirely rewritten in C, with many the following ports: changes to take advantage of features found in C, Cromemco V.0 and V.2 but not in Pascal. (For a more complete description PCS Cadmus 32Bit UNIX Systems of CWEB refer to the TUGboat article: WEB ALTOS UNIX and XENIX Systems Adapted to C, Another Approach by Silvio Levy, Convex with 4.2 UNIX April, 1987). AT&T 3b2 running V.0 and V.2/V.3 Although this is a commercial venture, and HP Series 9500 and 93XX under HP-UX the Q$ translation is proprietary, we are offering IBM RT under AIX a copy of the binary and/or source code for a The only preconditions we pose are that we reasonable license fee. We are also planning a fall have a true 32-bit CPU (not an 80286) and we 1988 commercial release of our fully TRIP-certified prefer UKIX or UNIX look-alikes, but we don't version of for the PC and plan to release UNIX insist on this (as people insist on a VMS version). TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
System V, XENIX and OS/2 versions in the near future. Fonts Given the current availability of m imple- mentations on microcomputers, a Tj$ site needs to acquire a different implementation for each of Some Useful Variations of Standard Fonts its systems, assuming that a version exists. Our Glenn L. Vanderburg objective is to provide an implementation of Texas A&M University which is easy to port to various microcomputers and operating systems and preserve the documentation The old "Almost Computer Modern" font set had features of CWEB so that a system administrator a font called amssmc40. It was used for the chapter can maintain one source to m for various small titles in the first edition of The Tmbook. It also systems. turned out to be very popular for making signs. The original development work was done in When the Computer Modern fonts were released, MS-DOS on an AT compatible computer using the there was no equivalent font in the standard set. Microsoft C Compiler version 5.0. We are interested It was replaced by cmssdcl0 scaled 4000. This in hearing from institutions and individuals who is essentially the same font, with some minor would like to port TEX in CWEB to other unique improvements and one major disadvantage: the operating systems, computers, and/or languages. unusual magnification. Unfortunately, many DVI Adapting 7&X to CWEB provides simultane- drivers have difficulty dealing with fonts which are ously a language like for formatting and a not magnified by one of the standard "magstep" language like C for programming. Once the WEB quantities. is translated to CWEB, a program called TANGLE To remedy this, I added the following line to is used to produce the C source code. Another cmssdcl0 .mf just after input cmbase: program called WEAVE is used to produce a struc- numeric Pt#; 1Pt#=4pt#; tured document, so that the large system can be understood entirely in terms of small modules and and changed all occurrences of 'pt#' in the rest of their local interrelationships. Any changes such as the file to 'Pt#'. I called the new file cmssdc40 .mf. splitting the C source into multiple files is handled The font produced by it is not exactly equivalent automatically within TANGLE (the entire C source to cmssdcl0 scaled 4000, but the differences are produces an object file greater than the 64K limit negligible. for the Microsoft C Compiler). Any system specific A similar modification to cminch.mf yields changes such as those necessary to accomodate the another extremely useful font. I noticed that a 64K byte address space limitations imposed by the couple of signs I made with cminch had a harsh segmented architecture of the 8086 processor can be tone because of the capital letters, even when made in the change file included by TANGLE. the wording was very friendly. Changing the Now that the original translation of the TEX 'generate title;' line at the end of cminch.mf WEB to CWEB has been completed, and the major to 'generate roman;' creates a cminch font with port for MS-DOS has been done, ports to other lowercase characters (among other things) . It takes C environments will follow quickly. The most up a lot more disk space, but many people use it important thing is maintaining the source to here at Texas A&M. It should not be called cminch, in a generic form while allowing for the smooth because it's not the same font. I call it cmssbxl04 integration of system-dependent changes. (when the capital letters are one inch high, the font size is 104 points). This will cause problems for systems (like CMS) which have severe restrictions on filename length, but I have been assured by "people who know" that there is a convention for handling this problem. Modifications like this are extremely simple to make, and can be quite useful. A new ver- sion of cminch with characters one centimeter high would be nice; it could be called cmcm. (Along the same lines, Tom Reid once observed that cminch scaled\magstepl might reasonably be called 'cmdecifoot'.) I've seen several people requesting cmssdc40: it turns out to be very easy to create, and I think people will enjoy using it. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988): No. 2
L-__J 1 Georgia K.M. Tobin
Designing for Low-Res Devices
As I have pointed out on more than one occasion Now, depending largely on the way in which the in this column, the great strength of METAFONT as macros are defined, we get a font design tool is its potential for versatility. With a view to maximizing that potential, I de- cided to see just how much versatility I could get by never putting anything as low-level as a draw or a penstroke in my code for Liber, the Century Schoolbook-inspired font that I am currently work- ing on. My reasoning was, since letter routines are at the lowest level in the design hierarchy, they tend to multiply the most quickly. (This notion was Similarly, the code for B: codified as Georgia's Empirical Observation #32: Modifying 128 routines every time you need a new beginchar (66,cap#, 0) , "ms/uc/b mf", font style gets real annoying real fast.) Modifying penposl (ucStemP,0) , penpos2 (ucStemP,0) , a smaller number of routines shared by those 128 penpos3(ucHairP,90), penpos6(ucHairP,90), letters, while distinctly harder in the short term, penpos4(ucFatP,0) , penpos7(ucFatP,O), should (I reasoned) save effort and contribute to de- penpos5(ucHai rP,270). penpos8(ucHai rP,270). sign coherence in the long term. yl=y3r=h, To wit, the following describes the letter A: xl=x2=LftEdge+ SHSerWd, y2=y8r=9, beginchar(65,cap#,O), "ms/uc/a mf", x3=x5=xlr, Assuresymmetry (2), y5=y6=37/72h, penposl (ucHalrP,0) , x4r=RtEdge-Slab, penpos2 (ucHalrP,0) , x6=x8=xlr, penpos4(ucStemP,0) , x7r=RtEdge, yl=h, xl=1/2 [Lf tEdge,RtEdge] , StemStroke(l,2,uc), x2=LftEdge+ 35HairSerWd, x4=RtEdge- 4HSerWd, LoneSer (BotSer,LftSer,2,ucStemP), y2=y4=0, LoneSer(TopSer,LftSer,l,ucStemP), Crotch(l,2,4,uc,serlC), ModBou1(3,4,5), ModBov1(6,7,8), z4r-z41=zlr-z dummy, endchar, PlaceEdges(5,1,4), PlaceEdges(6,1,2), y5r:y6r=y5l+ucHairP, y51=y61=1/3h, Stroke(5,6), can yield endchar, In addition to three "housekeeping" or calcula- tion macros, I call two macros that are responsi- ble for actually depicting character parts. Crotch, the more complicated of the two, handles the apex and legs of the character, and the serifs that appear at the bottom of the legs. Stroke simply adds the crossbar. and the code for C,
This document originally printed at 300 dpi with GT Liber fonts. FUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
beginchar (67,cap#,0) ; "ms/uc/c .mfU; penposl (ucHairP, 90); penp~s2(ucFatP, 180); xlr=31/57[LftEdge, RtEdge] ; ylr=round hcvo, x2r=round Lf tEdge, y2=h/2; ~3~x1;y3 1=0-VO; xSr=RtEdge-1/2Sl ab; y5r=48/72h, z6r=zlr; x41=RtEdge, y41=25/72h, DemiBowl (l,2); QtrBowl(3,4,uc); QtrBowlSer(6,5,uc); endchar;
At first blush, the representation of the letters on the right might seem a giant step backward. I have forsaken the bracketed serifs of the top ex- ample for simple slab serifs. I have quite forgotten the distinction between hairline and stem weights to use a monoweight pen for both. If you could read the actual code for the macros, you'd see that I have discarded the use of penstroke to render the im- age, and have used the draw command instead to In a nutshell, these apparently more simplistic create the image on the right. techniques - monoweight, drawn strokes with slab Why I might be interested in such an apparently serifs - go a long way towards creating satisfactory simplistic approach to depicting characters can be images for VCR (very coarse raster) devices. better seen by comparing the actual pixel images It is curious that it was in attempting to auto- of the top and bottom styles shown above, when matically produce these almost crude-looking ver- generated for a ten point font for an 80dpi device: sions of characters that I needed to make the over- * * * all design approach much more sophisticated. In ad- * * * * * * * dition to telling METAFONT how a character will be * * * * created using VCR code, I also have to tell METAFONT **** ***** how to decide when to use that code. That is an area * * * * in which I am still experimenting. It's clear enough that I want the VCR macros to be used when I am rendering a letter for 10 point on a 118 dpi screen, and that I can go with the standard RDR (reason- ably decent raster) macros for a 24 point face for the same device; but where is the demarcation be- tween VCR and RDR to be drawn? At present, I am achieving the results I want with a short but inel- egant series of if tests. Clearly, I need to come up with an algorithm, which very probably need not be much more complicated than determining the num- ber of pixels in an em; if less than a certain magic number, METAFONT is to use VCR definitions rather than RDR ones. Once METAFONT "knows" it is dealing with a VCR and for ten point for 118dpi: character (in my current approach), it proceeds set-
This document originally printed at 300 dpi with GT Liber fonts. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 ting a toggle and testing with it to load files con- Moreover, as I hinted at the outset of this article, taining the appropriate definitions. there are other factors besides the macro definitions Take for instance the subroutine we mentioned themselves which contribute to a good VCR design. earlier, Stroke, which renders the crossbar on the A glance at the sample characters will suggest a 'A'. When we are doing an RDR version, we use this few such factors: pen weights, character parts such definition of Stroke: as slabs and serifs, and even more subtle things such def Stroke(suff1x $, $$)= as the amount of "roundness" in an arc. As with the penstroke z$e--z$$e, macro definitions, I segregate these into VCR- and I enddef, RDR-specific files, and input the appropriate ones at run time. when it's VCR style we're after, we use this one: The results I have obtained so far by using these pickup ucPen, techniques have been very encouraging. The face it- draw z$--z$$, self is something of a x-height hog (i.e. the x-height enddef , is large in proportion to point size), and this predis- poses it to be an excellent screen font. This predis- The first appears in a file called mstxtRDRrtns mf, position, combined with the elimination of blotchi- the other in mstxt-VCRrtns mf. A controller file that ness, discontinuity and asymmetries, yields 118 and handles loading of all requisite code at run time 80 dpi screen text that is attractive as well as clear tests on the value of the boolean VCR and inputs at ten point; and easily legible down to 5 point. one or the other, as necessary. In fact, I could as (Readers will find chapter 24 of The METAFONT- well have accomplished the same thing by having book quite illuminating in this regard.) a file shared by VCR and RDR fonts: the common definition of Stroke would read: In addition to resolving some of the theoretical questions I mentioned above, some more mundane def Stroke(suff1x $, $$)= work needs to be done. I need to code VCR rou- if VCR tines for bold style text, as well as for the math plckup IcPen, fonts. Italic and slanted fonts, it seems, tend to suf- draw z$--z$$$, fer greatly when adapted to VCR devices; I hope to else come up with a scheme that reduces some of the pens troke z$e--z$$e, unsightly jagginess. I expect that adapting the ro- fl, tated pens that draw my upper case math symbols enddef , script to VCR style will prove easier than dealing Naturally, deciding what definitions to input is with the italic text. the least of our worries. Writing code that will perform robustly under such adverse conditions as a coarse raster is tricky. A quick scan of the left- most pixel representations above hints at the prob- lems encountered. I haven't been able to choose be- tween blotchiness (two pixels where one is needed) or discontinuity (no pixels where one is needed) as the single most irksome problem; both are shown I hope this brief summary of my hierarchical ap- in 'B' and 'C'. 'A' shows another bugaboo, character proach to a system of fonts coupled with a choice of symmetry. This is by no means exclusive to VCR character description techniques tailored to the tar- images; it's just that the low resolution constraints get output device has demonstrated to the reader have a way of keeping code honest. Quite simply, a the marvelous dichotomy of good METAFONT design: one pixel shift off-center of a V or T will not an- how METAFONT has, at once, the flexibility to pro- nounce itself nearly as emphatically on a grid of duce custom bit maps and the consistency to main- hundreds of pixels wide as on one under ten pix- tain the same metrics information for all bit maps. els wide. I have written a routine Assuresymmetry which modifies the apparent width of a character Have some fun with METAFONT, and have a hi-res as needed for symmetry while leaving the true (tfm) day! width untouched. G.K.M. Tobin 19 May 88
This document originally printed at 300 dpi with GT Liber fonts. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 129
T@ Fonts and Suggested Magnifications sure that each font appeared in only one table.) Bart Childs The scatter of magnifications at first seems weird, but they are appropriate. This data is based on the Several tables follow that indicate my suggested files If ont s . TeX and sf ont s . TeX. grouping of the many fonts that are available in In If ont s . TeX and sf onts .TeX, many more most T)$ systems. These fonts are all in the cm fonts are specified in lines that are commented out. family developed by Donald E. Knuth or are in You can access these additional fonts by removing some manner related to them. The data given for the % from the beginning of the relevant lines: each font is a maximum magnification required or however, these fonts are not shown in the table, and suggested. Blank columns are included so that all may or may not be included in the distribution. tables have the same layout. In some of the tables I will indicate as dif- Table 2 MTFX Fonts ferent fonts the same typeface at different sizes. The numeric values in the data columns will in- dicate the maximum l$jX magnification specified in plain.TeX. IPl$jX, SLIW, and the distribu- tion from Texas A & M for Data General systems. Numeric entries followed by a "p" indicate the magnification of plain. TeX's preloaded fonts. Table 1 contains the sixteen fonts named in plain. TeX. Most fonts are furnished in default magnifications of 0. half (h), 1, and 2. Six of the sixteen are furnished in larger magnifications as well. These (except for cmexl0) are intended for use in titles. Two additional fonts are also furnished in large magnifications for titles. These are the sans serif fonts, cmsslO (Table 2) and cmssl7 (Table 4). In Table 1 it is shown that IPT@ uses cmrlO scaled to \magstep5. I think it would have been more consistent to have made the larger fonts from lesser scaling of cmrl7. Indeed, cmrl2 and cmrl7 are used in I4W only without magnification. See the last section of this article for more discussion on font design sizes.
Table 1. The Bin Sixteen The fonts in Table 3 are used only in SLIT)$. Many of us have attempted to be economical by modifying these by taking into account that scaled fonts could be replaced by larger point size fonts. For example, cmssl7 scaled \magstep2 could be used rather than cmsslO scaled \magstep5. How- ever, the slides just won't look as good! Thanks to Barbara Beeton for pointing this out to me. You may also have noticed that the lcmss*8 fonts have rather large magnifications. The smaller magnifications are not referenced anywhere.
Table 3 SLIT@ Fonts
lcmss8 The fonts in Table 2 are required by IPl$jX. lcmssb8 These are all the fonts required by IP'except for lcmssi8 those already indicated in Table 1. (I tried to make cmtt8 3..8 130 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
The fonts in Table 4 are more often used for METAFONT, or creating documents about and emphasis than for text in documents that I have METAFONT. The font manual is sometimes referred seen. These fonts should be considered optional to as manf nt. It is suggested that you make a copy in most installations. Some of these fonts could and name it such; in the world of AOS/VS, we be provided at larger magnifications to complement simply create it as a link. the title fonts shown in Table 1. The font cmssl7 is The logo10 and manual fonts are included at listed here and is furnished in large magnifications the magnification indicated because I give lots of for use in titles. Glenn Vanderburg's cmssdc40 and talks about rn and its components. cmincha are included as well. (Please see his article on page 125.) Table 6 S~ecialFonts I font 1 1 L4 I SLI / DG ] Table 4 Fonts for Emphasis font /TkXI U / SLI / DG cmblO I I I 12
cminch 2 sklogo 0 cmincha 2 manual 1 4 cmssl7 8 cmssbxl0 2~ 2 cmssdcl0 2 The AMS fonts are also included in the DG distribution, though not in the tables. Finally. you might notice that I don't show any invisible fonts. I explained how we handle these in TUGboat 8#3. On font design sizes Pierre MacKay has argued eloquently that using fonts designed for particular sizes improves the quality of a document's appearance. As TUG Site Coordinator for Unix-flavored TEX,he has provided The font,s in Table 5 are definite candidates for a number of tools in the Unix distribution to provide saving disk space. They are mainly common fonts TFJ users the ability to decide for themselves what at different sizes that are not commonly used. The fonts to use. His opinion is clear in this quote from cmff and cmfib fonts are not related, other than whax 1988. #51: being "cm". One is a "funny font" and the other is Eo less a person than Brian Reid has announced based on Fibonacci numbers. in an interview in the Unix Review that no one Table 5 Some More Fonts cares about distinctive design sizes any more, and that one 10 or 12 point master will do for all. I disagree, and it seems that a lot of rn and I4W users disagree. The undesirable aspects of using one design for all sizes are even more noticeable in 5. 6 and 7 point fonts than they are in 17, 20 and 25 point fonts. but they are noticeable at both ends. METAFONT makes it unnecessary to coarsen font designs in this way, and I look for it to infiltrate the printing world with considerations of quality just as QjX has.
Most users will probably not need the fonts in Table 6 unless they are playing around, using TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988),No. 2
The Many Faces of latest version of the article to score stanf ord edu. A Survey of Digital ~ETRfonts where it ends up as WUJASTYK TXH in the direc- Dominik Ct'ujastyk tory TEX TEXHAX. This way. people will know from whaxwhether there is enough new stuff for it to Contents be worth downloading the whole article afresh. Introduction I would be grateful for any relevant information Computer Modern that is not already mentioned and. of course. for Devanagari any corrections. While keeping the memo reason- Tamil ably concise. I have given all the useful information Telugu that I currently have. I have also given everything I Perso- Arabic know about how to get more information about each Hebrew font. so follow those leads rather than contacting me Greek directly. in the first instance. Cyrillic This article is made up of information given to Turkish me by others. both in person and through general Japanese publication in TVGboat. Whax and the net. My Chinese sincere thanks to all the contributors. International Phonetic Alphabet 2 Computer Modern Elvish Georgia Tobin It may seem odd to start with Computer lCIodern Blackboard Bold (CM).the typeface family that most 'Q,X users use APL most of the time. since it was created side by side AMSFonts Package with w,and is included in all distributions of T#. Custom Fonts & Pandora Nevertheless. I feel that there is an important point Bitstream Font Family to be made about CM Times Roman in METRFONT W-hen Knuth developed METRFONT. one of the Lucida central ideas of the whole project was that of produc- Icelandic ing parametrued typefaces In Douglas Hofstadter's OCR-A memorable phrase. METRFONT is a 'knobbed cat- Miscellaneous egory machine". and when Pnuth announced the 26 The Postscript Question capabilities of METRFONT to the world in L7zszble Language it was precisely this parametrization that 1 Introduction he emphasized and demonstrated so brilliantl~.~ This article seeks to give a reasonably complete sur- Later on. Knuth explained that the whole inspira- vey of the fonts and METRfonts that are currently tion for METRFONT had arisen from the three ideas available for use with TJ$. Although I have been pri- of pens. parameters and programs Hofstadter ar- marily interested in cataloguing fonts designed with gued. wrongly I think. that this idea contained basic METAFONT. I also wanted to include information flaws. and that some of Knuth's implications about about any other fonts that have been successfully using METRFONT to generate different typefaces by used with TEX. i.e.. fonts with Font Metric files. twiddling the 'knobs' of a single underlying typeface and a mechanism for the creation of the appropriate 'Douglas R. Hofstadter. 'Metafont, Metamath- ligatures and kerning pairs. be it within the TFM file, ematics and Metaphysics: comments on Donald or by means of a preprocessor. Knuth's Article "The Concept of a Meta-Font" '. I first started compiling this article late in 1987. Vzszble Language 16 (1982)- 309-338. This article. as a note to myself and my immediate Indological and selectioris from the discussion which it engen- colleagues. But it seemed little extra work to in- dered in the pages of Vzszble Language (henceforth clude more information in it about other fonts that VL).were republished as chapter 13 of Hofstadter's I had heard of. and doing this greatly widened its Metamagzcal Themas (New York. 1986~). usefulness to w users in general. But you may 2.The Concept of a Meta-Font', VL 16 (1982), still detect a slight Indic leaning. 3-27. For those with access to the academic computer 3Donald E. Knuth. 'Lessons Learned frorn Meta- networks. I post information about revisions of this font'. VL 19 (1985). 35-53. article to mhaxfrom time to time, and send the 132 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 description were mi~leadin~.~Knuth made it clear 3 DevanSgari that he had never meant to imply that all typefaces Devanagari is the alphabet used for writing and could usefully be combined into one single METAfont printing Sanskrit, Hindi and several other languages (although he did not actually deny the feasibility of of South Asia, both ancient and modern. such an endeavor), and again emphasized the de- sirability of trying to incorporate variability into a 3.1 Knuth design.5 As far as I know. Donald Knuth coded the first De- In view of the vigor with which Knuth has vanagari character to be created with METRFONT. maintained the idea of parametrization, both in dis- This was the single syllable la. which Matthew cussion and in the actual implementation of Com- Carter gave to Knuth in 1980 as a challenge to puter Modern, I am very surprised that the following test the capabilities of the then nascent METAFONT. survey of EX fonts does not include a single exam- The smoke proof of the character, and several in- ple of a new typeface created from CM by changing teresting remarks about the experience, were pub- its parameters. In Knuth's own hands. CM is ut- lished as *MyFirst Experience with Indian Scripts', terly plastic, as was demonstrated so startlingly in in CALTIS-84: Special Issue on Calligraphy, Letter- his article 'The Concept of a Meta-Font' referred to ong & Typogruphy of Indian Scripts, (Proceedings of above, and by the inclusion of such fonts as Com- a Delhi 1984 conference). puter Modern Funny Roman (CMFF). Unslanted Text Italic (CMU), and the delightful CMFIB (which uses the 3.2 Ghosh Fibonacci series for the ratios of several of the CM An early Devanagari font was designed with old parameters) in the standard distributions of CM. METAFONT (MF-in-SAIL) by P. K. Ghosh during a But none of us has taken up the challenge, implicit visit to Stanford in 1982-83. Ghosh published what in the 62 parameters of CM, to produce a new face he had done as Stanford Computer Science Report for general distribution. It would be very nice, for 965: An Approach to Type Design and Text Compo- example, to produce a full set of CMFIB, with bold. sition in Indian Scripts (Stanford. 1984). One of the slanted. italic, typewriter and other versions. And valuable aspects of this work was that Ghosh worked someone should pick up the gauntlet thrown down from Devanagari characters designed and drawn for by Hofstadter, and try to produce a Times Roman, him by the famous Bombay calligrapher R. K. Joshi. or a Baskerville or some other familiar face from the Drawings of these. on a grid, are published in the CM programs. Knuth has said that we should not Report. Unfortunately, Ghosh's work was done in blindly copy the old masters, without trying to un- a now superseded version of METAFONT, and was derstand why they produced what they did.6 How not fully worked out at the keyboard level. It also interesting it might be, then, to try to manipulate lacked a number of the conjunct consonant clusters the parameters of CM to produce a different, but necessary for fine Indian typography. The report. recognizable family of faces. And if the experiment however, remains of considerable interest for gen- failed. the reasons why it did so would themselves eral background. The source code is available at the be of great interest. The first sentences of the Intro- University of Washington, through Pierre MacKay duction to Computer Modern Typefaces are: (address below), and presumably at Stanford (try Infinitely many alphabets can be generated Emma Pease). Ghosh has said explicitly that he by the programs in this book. All you has no objection to others doing further work on it. have to do is assign values to 62 param- eters and fire up the METAFONT system; Contact then presto - out comes a new font of type. If you wish to contact Ghosh he can be reached at Let's do it, but of course in the best possible taste! the following address: National Centre for Software Technology, 4I agree with the refutation by Geoffrey Samp- Gulmohar Cross Road 9, son, 'Is Roman Type an Open-Ended System: A Re- Juhu, Bombay 400 049, sponse to Douglas Hofstadter' VL 17 (1983), 410- India. 412, in spite of Hofstadter's reply in pages 413-416 of the same issue. 3.3 Velthuis VL 17 (1983), 417. The only fully worked out version of Devanagari 'VL 17 (1983), 417. presently available is that of Frans Velthuis. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
The Font The Netherlands. In November 1987, Frans Velthuis completed ver- Bitnet: velthuisGhgrrug5 sion 1.0 of a Devanagari METAfont for W. He has Further information written METAFONT code for all the aksaras (syllabic characters) necessary for Hindi. and most of those A note about Velthuis's Devanagari font appeared for Sanskrit too. although in the latter case some in whax, 1987, issue 93. Velthuis intends to pub- viramas are used. Frans intends to produce a spe- lish a full account of his font in a future issue of cial Sanskrit version of his font in the future. Also TUGboat. included are the Devaniigari numerals. anusvara, 4 Tamil virarna. danda, candrabindu. visarga. avagraha, full stop. and the superscript abbreviation circle. 4.1 Arthanari According to Emma Pease (network response on 10 Usage November 1987 to my query in whax 1987, is- You prepare your or I4W file normally, and sue 93) a basic set of Tamil characters for TEX was mark any Hindi portions, typed in a simple Ro- designed and created by T. S. Arthanari when he man transliteration, with a font marker, thus: {\dn was at Stanford from May to July. 1985. Emma has . . .). At the top of the TEX file you \input a file the source code but does not want to distribute it called DNMACS; in IPW, a DEV . STY file is provided further without his knowledge. which inputs the necessary macros, and automat- ically makes appropriate font size changes. Frans The Font provides a preprocessor, DEVNAG, available compiled There are approximately 160 characters in several for several systems, or in Pascal or C, which reads styles written in a pre-release version of the current your file and converts the Hindi transliteration into METAFONT. Emma has only tried producing char- the appropriate codes for Frans's font. The con- acters for one style but had little difficulty in doing verted file is then processed by TEX or in the so (a few commands had changed). They are rough normal way, and the resulting DVI file can be printed but look fairly good. using a standard DVI output program. The portions of Hindi text originally in Roman transliteration will Contact be printed in Devaniigari, with full use of conjunct T. S. Arthanari's last known address was: consonants (sandhyaksaras), etc. Quality Informatics Labs, Ltd., 312, P. M. G. Complex. Quality 57. South Usman Road, The quality of the typeface is excellent. with full Madras, 600 017, India. calligraphic molding of the curves and loops. like I wrote to Mr. Arthanari in December 1987 to some of the best handwriting of manuscript scribes ascertain his intentions concerning his work. and es- using a broad nib. pecially to learn whether he is willing and able to allow the source code of his Tamil font to be dis- Terms of Availability tributed as public domain software. There has been. Frans will sell a set of four or five sizes of the De- as yet, no reply. A colleague is visiting Madras in a vaniigari fonts, at the printer resolution you specify few weeks, and will try to make contact with him. (Epson-type 9 pin matrix, 24 pin matrix (180 x 180, 360 x 360, 180 x 360), write-white laser, or write- 4.2 Ramanujan black laser), together with the compiled code (spec- The Font ify VAX/VMS, SUN, Cyber, IBM/PC, Atari ST) According to information received by e-mail from of the text preprocessor DEVNAG, for $119. The Pierre MacKay (Fri Jan 22, 1988). Ramanujan, a METAFONT source programs are not at present be- graduate student who worked at Washington two ing made generally available. years ago, designed a Tamil font in METAFONT84 Contact (I think). According to Pierre, the problem with this, as with Ghosh's Devaniigari. is that it was ar- Frans J. Velthuis, bitrarily developed in a framework that bears no Nyensteinheerd 267, relation to the monotype-based character grid used 9736 TV Groningen, for Computer Modern. i.e.. the characters do not sit in a box or on a baseline that relates in an appro- 134 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 priate manner to CM; this is unfortunate, since it ugu typefaces are not good, tending to be very heavy makes it almost unusable in an environment with along the baseline, which is hard on eyes. So they CM. Moreover, it does not make much use of the are not keen on imitating existing typefaces, and will macro capabilities of METAFONT. probably create their own. A note from Lakshmi in May 1988 said that 4.3 Ridgeway and Schiffman she and her husband have now started working full After a thorough evaluation of the Ramanujan char- time on the Telugu fonts using METAFONT, and they acters. the Humanities and Arts Computing Center expect to start coding METAFONT programs in the at the University of Washington decided that it was second week of June. They are at present deciding better to begin again. Dr. Thomas Ridgeway, direc- on parameters, and the characters for which META- tor of the Center, in consultation with Prof. Harold FONT programs are to be written. They are also Schiffman of the Department of Asian Languages, concerned about how to incorporate context analysis has almost completed a fully vowelled METAFONT logic in the form of T&$ macros. Entering text in for Tamil. It will be tested during the summer, and Roman transliteration and preprocessing the text should be ready for release in early fall 1988, to- for input to w does not seem very attractive to gether with some sort of macro package to make it them. although, in the absence of widely available usable from a Latin-letter keyboard. customizable terminals that could cope with Telugu, Characters are arranged in the font in rough they may be forced down this path. alphabetical order, starting from position zero. We Another point of concern is their desire to use have not found any other coding system which seems the ISCII standard (a version of ASCII for Indian definite enough to use as a model. The Tamil pho- languages). This is the only really widely published netic subset of ISCII does not provide nearly enough standard for the arrangement of the characters of character positions. It is expected that with this as Indian languages in a font grid, and I suspect that with many other non-Latin fonts some sort of input all creators of Indic fonts should be using it as far preprocessor will be used to mediate between the as possible. code used for text-editing and the 'I$$ font coding. Contact Contact Lakshmankumar Mukkavilli or Dr. Thomas Ridgeway. Director Lakshmi Mukkavilli, Humanities and Arts Computing Center 226 Comput,er Science, Mail Stop DW-10 Iowa State University, University of Washington Ames IA 50011, USA. Seattle, WA 98195, USA Phone: (515) 296-7808 Phone: (206) 543-6259 CSnet: 1akshmiQatanasoff . cs . iastate . edu Net: mackayQ j une . cs . washington.edu Uucp: lakshmi ! atanasof f 4.4 Other Developments 5.2 Other Developments T. K. Rengarajan, a software engineer (Database E-Mail from K. Sankara Rao in March 1988 indi- Systems, Digital Equipment Corporation), e-mailed cates his similar intention to implement a Telugu me on Fri 5 Feb. 1988. and mentioned that he may font in METAFONT. He can be contacted at: do a METRFONT Tamil. He can be contacted at: Department of Electrical Engineering Net: ranga%debit.DECQdecwrl.dec.com North Dakota State University Fargo, ND 58105, USA. 5 Telugu Bitnet: nu043109Qndsuvml 5.1 Mukkavilli 6 Perso-Arabic The Font 6.1 MacKay Recent mail from Lakshmi Mukkavilli indicates her intention, together with her husband Lakshmanku- Pierre A. MacKay (TUG Site Coordinator for Unix- mar Mukkavilli, to implement a Telugu script font in flavored 'I$$) and the Washington team have been METRFONT. Their work on this font will intensify working on an Arabic implementation of 'I$$ for during the summer of 1988. Incidentally, they are some years. Their plans are ambitious, and include looking for a good Telugu calligrapher and would building a customized version of Tj$, called w- welcome suggestions. In their opinion, existing Tel- XQ, which has a built-in capability for handling TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 bidirectional text. Details of this change to TEX Terms of Availability were published by Don Knuth and Pierre MacKay It is likely that the Arabic fonts and macros may be in TUGboat 8, issue 1. This is an active project. distributed on similar terms to the Hebrew; see the but MacKay says wistfully that Arabic remains a Hebrew section. long-term dream. Contact Terms of Availability For Prof. Goldberg's address see under Hebrew. W-X@ can be compiled with the C compiler using WEB-to-C and the change file Cxet . ch, both of which 6.3 Other Developments are part of the Unix TFJ distribution. Several sites See also the bitmap Arabic (?) fonts distributed by have actually made use of the reflection primitives, the Austin Code Works. and Larry Denenberg of BBN has rewritten the dvi2ps device driver to do the correct things with 7 Hebrew right-to-left text. The Denenberg dvi2ps is vastly 7.1 Goldberg superior to the old dvi2ps in many other ways, and it will become a part of the distribution very shortly. On Monday. 18 Jan 1988, and again on 15 Feb 1988. (The driver is available as an FTP file from the pub Jacques J. Goldberg wrote to TFJhax (1988, issues directory on june . cs . washington. edu. Look for 7 and 15), giving details of a package giving the Id-dvi2ps. tar.Z.) WEB-to-C is also available as the capability of printing Hebrew. He said that an arti- file web2c.tar. Z, along with Cxet . ch.Z. cle is currently being written about the package. for submission to TUGboat. Contact The Font Pierre MacKay, Department of Computer Science, FR-35, Goldberg says that the package comprises: University of Washington, a set of fonts at 8. 9. 10, 12. 17 points in regu- Seattle, WA 98195, USA. lar type, 10 points slanted and bold, and any Phone: (206) 545-23861543-6259. magnification on request (1000 off the shelf). Net: MacKayQJune.cs.Washington.edu a 100% portable preprocessor written in C (MSDOS users who do not have a compiler 6.2 Goldberg can get the . COM file). On Monday, 18 Jan 1988, and again on 15 Feb 1988, a small set of TFJ macros. Jacques J. Goldberg wrote to Whax (1988, issues a sample file. 7 and 15), giving details of a package giving the capability of printing Hebrew. He said that an arti- Usage cle is currently being written about the package, for Hebrew words in Roman transliteration are inserted submission to TUGboat (see under Hebrew). At either by typing first-typed-last-read with the font the same time he included a brief note referring to invoked, which is a pain but 'displays' in natural a nearly completed Arabic font. reading order, or by typing first typed first read as argument of the \reflect macro given by Knuth The Font D. and P. MacKay. TUGboat 8 (1987), p. 14. Long He- Goldberg said, brew sequences are typed, in first-typed-first-read An Arabic font is three characters away order, within delimiters. The preprocessor copies from completion, but the MetaFounders are non Hebrew sequences to an auxiliary file. Hebrew near midyear exams and unpaid, so the sequences are parsed into words, and written to the Arabic font might show up around mid auxiliary file one word at a time after each word has March [1988]. (To be precise, their font is been reflected. TFJ is then invoked on the file con- Parsi, and some limited work is needed to taining the macro package, which itself \inputs the extend it to full Arabic). . . . This needs no auxiliary files, feeding TFJ with either normal En- change either in or in DVI drivers: a glish input or \lines{ ) adjusted by the macro to simple preprocessing of the TEX input file the optimal number of Hebrew words. and a small additional macro package do it. Quality
Goldberg is - I suspect unnecessarily - diffident about the quality of the fonts. He calls them 'ugly 136 TUGboat; Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 fonts not good for anything else than Office docu- 8 Greek ments (drafts. reports. . . .)'. 8.1 Levy Future development The Font Goldberg is looking for a convenient table represent- Regular. bold. and typewriter versions of the Greek ing the 22 Hebrew letters by Roman letters. Then alphabet have been coded in METQFONT84 by Silvio the preprocessor could translate to standard ASCII Levy of Princeton. starting from the Greek character the character codes used in Israel with their special set created by Don Knuth as part of the CM fam- Hebrew terminals. so that anybody with an English- ily, but with all accents, breathings. correct spacing. only terminal could write in Hebrew. ligatures. and macros to implement a convenient Ro- man transliteration for input. The font is suitable Terms of Availability for both classical and modern Greek. Goldberg says. Full details and illustrations of the use of the I do not expect any fee from individuals. fonts have been given by Silvio Levy in his two pub- but I would be happy if institutions that lications: may use this package would later voluntar- 'Typesetting Greek', in T&3 Users Group Eaghth ily contribute $25 to $50 [payable to the Annual Meetzng: Conference Proceedzngs. Treasurer of the University] to help my edited by Dean Guenther (Providence: TUG. Department . . . pay students employed on 1988), 27-33. font development. 'Using Greek Fonts with WX'.TUGboat 9 (1988). He later added. 20-24. All that project is stored and freely avail- Terms of Availability able on a Bitnet server. To get the whole package. send an interactive message GET Silvio Levy has released his Greek fonts freely. with- IVRITEX PACKAGE to LISTSERV@TAUNIVM. out charge (and without any warranty). He main- Arpanet or other nets not interactively con- tains an electronic mailing list of interested parties. nected to Bitnet. just send a MAIL file to and the METQFONT source is available to Arpanet that address. with the request GET IVRITEX users by anonymous FTP from princeton.edu. PACKAGE in the first line (not Subject) of the Contact message. Other useful commands to that server are: Silvio Levy, Math Department. Fine Hall. GET IVRITEX FILELIST to get a directory Princeton University. of the project, and Washington Road. INFO FILES to get instructions how to sign Princeton. NJ 08544. USA. up for automatic updates. Phone: (609) 452-5790 Contact Net: [email protected] Prof. Jacques J. Goldberg. 8.2 Kelly Department of Physics. Issue 14 of UKW 1988 (Fri. May 20). the UK's Technion-City, answer to whax. put out from Aston by Peter 32000 Haifa, Israel. Abbott (abbottpaaston.ac . uk.bitnet), carried a Bitnet: phrOOj gatechnion notice by Christopher P. Andrasic (of Cranfield) re- If you are not on Bitnet. try: porting some Greek fonts. phrOOjg%technion.bitnet at forsythe.stanford.edu The Fonts 7.2 Other Developments Brian Hamilton Kelly (also at Cranfield) created these Greek fonts using METAFONT84. The META- See also the experimental Hebrew font described un- FONT sources of the non-Math Greek fonts are der the heading Georgia Tobin, and the bitmaps contained in the files CMGI 10.MF , CMGTTIO.MF, distributed by the Austin Code Works. CMGIO . MF , CMG810.MF. and GRKTXT . MF. As far as I know. there are no nlacros or preprocessor offered for implementing the font at the keyboard level. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 137
Terms of Availability .The Ottoman Texts Project' in Tfl CTsers Group These fonts are being offered for general, free release. Ezghth ilnnual Meetzng: Conference Proceed- They are available for FTP within the UK. from the zngs, edited by Dean Guenther (Pro~idence: directory publlc mff iles of the UKWarchive at TUG. 1988). 35-52. Aston. Pierre also wrote on Turkish Hyphenations for GY' in TCGboat 9 (1988). 12-14. See also the note in Contact TC'Gboat 8 (1987). 260. Christopher P. Andrasic Contact Net: rmOOIa@uk ac . cranf leld cdvc For Prof. MacKay's address. see under Arabic. 9 Cyrillic 11 Japanese 9.1 MacKay In order to typeset Japanese text it is insufficient Pierre MacKay reports that the Washington tearn is merely to have a Japanese font. There are sev- working on Old Russian (more or less Old Church eral problems, including the very large size of the Slavonic, but specifically designed for the Slovo). Japanese character set. which mean that a modi- Contact fied implementation of the QY system as a whole is necessary. For Prof. MacKay's address. see under Arabic. Some of the issues concerned in using for 9.2 MF Slavic Family typesetting Japanese were surveyed by Nobuo Saito and Kazuhiro Kitagawa of Keio University. Yoko- This family of Cyrillic fonts is described under hama: Georgia Tobin. 'What Should We Do for Japanese mX'. in DY 9.3 AMS Users Group Eighth Annual .Veeting: Con- The American Mathematical Society has developed ference Proceedings. edited by Dean Guenther a post revolution Cyrillic font. in old METAFONT79. (Providence: TUG. 1988). 53-56. and a set of macros to implement it comfortably. Saito and Kitagawa have taken Pat Monardo's Com- Details of the font. with examples of its use, and mon as the starting point for a series of modifi- grids of the character set were published in TUGboat cations to T@ itself that have some features in com- 6 (1985). 124 ff. mon with the ASCII Corporation's work. described below. Terms of Availability I recently received a comprehensive message Same terms and contact addresses as described un- from Edgar hf. Cooke about the current state of TEX der AMSFonts. in Japan. Most what follows is reproduced verbatim from this message. 9.4 Other Developments At present. two publicly available versions of See also the Cyrillic bitmap fonts distributed by the mX are being distributed that support Japanese. Austin Code Works. and one further version is supposed to become avail- able shortly. These are not entirely mutually com- 10 Turkish patible. and each has its strong and weak points. 10.1 Washington 11.1 ASCII Corporation The Font The I-ZSCII Corporation is a microcomputer ori- Pierre MacKay informs me (Jan 22 1988) that work ented publishing and software house that has taken a on properly accented Roman-letter Turkish fonts strong interest in TEX for their own publishing work. in METAFONT has been undertaken at the Univer- and whose UYIX support section has produced and sity of Washington by himself and Walter Andrews. distributes the Japanized version of my. The accented characters are developed from Com- ASCII's version was implemented without con- puter Modern descriptions, so as to maintain the cern for 100% internal compatibility u-ith Knuth's maximum possible compatibility with the Computer GX.and cannot pass the TRIP test (N.B.:it is Modern faces. Andrews and MacKay have published closer to passing as of version 1.0). However, the a description of their work as: output of an identical English T'@ input file is. to the best of my knowledge. identical with that of 138 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 standard 'l$JL They have added a few primitives ity has led to problems: since a font can have only (concerned with spacing between the ideographs and 256 characters. the number of fonts one needs even letters. etc.) useful in handling Japanese or Japanese to support a single real Japanese font set (33) tends with Romanized languages, and have created a vari- to be quite large, even if one only declares the fonts ant of TFM which they call JFM (but which still has corresponding to the various sections of the original the TFM extension. although it is internally identifi- font that include characters that have actually been able by a coded ID byte). The purpose of this is to input into the document. allow one font to hold the more than 6000 charac- A standard (but ugly) set of Japanese charac- ters of a typical Japanese font. It also differs in other ters that is in the public domain (known as the JIS ways. notably that the ligature table (unnecessary fonts, for the Japanese Industrial Standards Insti- in Japanese) has been replaced by a 'glue table', tute, which is responsible for the (abjectly arbitrary) which handles much of the information necessary standard coding of Japanese characters and for mak- concerning spacing between the characters (which ing the font set available) is included with Jm. usually appear without distinction between inter- This originally consisted of only 1 size, namely char- character and inter-word spaces, unlike in modern acters described in a 24-dot square matrix. but Saito Western languages). mechanically generated 36-, 48-, and 72-dot fonts to imitate other point sizes or \magsteps. This set is Terms of Availability not very high quality by any standard, but it is the At present. the ASCII Corporation is freely dis- only public domain font known to me [Cooke]. tributing this implementation in the form of sources Yasuki Saito has also collaborated with Dai including change files for INIW, VIRW. and Nippon Printing Co. to make their industry stan- BiBw. and Japanized macro files for plain w, dard fonts available -but for a price: 95,000 I4w, and Slim (with the IPwstyle files), and Japanese yen.7 they include the source for a (just adequate) printer Saito's 1988 article, cited above. includes a sec- driver for the Canon LBP-8 that uses its internal tion describing the JIS and DNP Japanese fonts. Japanese character set, and JFM files for point sizes 5 with illustrations. through 10 of a standard (.Mincho' = Ming Dynasty Jwhas 240. 300, 400. and 480 dpi fonts avail- style) typeface and of an emboldened ('Gothic') able currently. Please note that 6000+ characters typeface which can probably be used with a number makes for a largish distribution tape- the rudi- of different pixel font sets. e.g., the internal Canon mentary set of JIS fonts in an adapted GF format LBP-8 set, (but which in ver. 1.0 is based on the with TFMs takes up about 10 M of disk space. while Dai Nippon Printing Co. [DNP] fonts). A printer the PXL. SF. and TFM files for the DNP Mincho and driver and X-windows previewer handling the DNP Gothic fonts very nearly fill an entire 2400 ft mag- fonts is now available. tape at 6250 bpi! I had a chance to measure these more carefully: Contact DNP fonts JIS fonts ASCII Corporation, Sumitomo Minamiaoyama Building, GF Mincho 49,312,713 PXL 11,321,384 5-1-5 Minamiaoyama Minato-ku, GF Gothic 43,401,652 GF 7,729,124 Tokyo 107, Japan. TFMs 559,152 TFMs 137,417 Total bytes 93,273,517 19,187,925 11.2 Jqgc In other words, non-trivial. The following articles on Jwand its fonts, by Ya- Terms of Availability suki Saito, have appeared: 'Japanese m',TUGboat 8 (1987). 103-116. Jwis in the public domain, and comes free with the JIS fonts. In Japan, the Japan Society for Soft- Jw'. in QK Users Group Eighth Annual 'm: ware Science and Technology distributes it. Meeting: Conference Proceedings, edited by Dean Guenther (Providence: TUG, 1988), 57- 7ASCII and SONY are also negotiating with Dai 68. Nippon to allow similar font sets to become available Jwwas developed by Yasuki Saito of Nippon Tele- for different resolutions of printers, and, if we are phone & Telegraph (NTT). Saito's policy has been lucky, a vector stroke typeface of high quality that to attempt to avoid radical changes to standard l$$ is applicable to various sizes and resolutions may as much as possible, but this increased compatibil- become available next year. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 139
Jmis is available in the US by anonymous this throughout the next year (all this being more FTP from turing . stanf ord.edu. The Tops-20 ver- or less volunteer work). Except for the fact that sion is installed on Turing in directory PS :
printer driver that handles external Japanese font 0 they are promoting it through prompt and data and an X-windows previewer for JW,as well widespread distribution of the sources adver- as a version of DVI2PS supporting Japanese, but no tised in their own and others' publications. support for BiBW or Slim is offered. and But in a note to mhax 1987, issue 106 (Fri because they have obviously lavished a good 25 Dec), Hideki Isozaki announced that he has pre- deal of care in attending to details of Japanese pared IslW and Slim files to work with JW. printing practice that make it at least as good Contacts as either of the others - in addition, of course. to removing the burden of having to deal with Yasuki Saito, a plethora of fonts each comprising a tiny frag- NTT Electrical Communications Laboratories, ment of a whole Japanese font set. NTT Corp., 3-9-11 Midori-cho Musashina-shi, Contact for all Japanese Tj$C Tokyo 180, Japan. Edgar M. Cooke is prepared to act as a clearing Phone: +81 (422) 59-2537 house for TFJ going into and coming out of Japan. Net: yaskixntt-20Qsumex-aim.stanford.edu He can be contacted at: Hideki Isozaki. Software Research Association Inc.. NTT Software Laboratories, 1-1-1 Hirakawa-cho. JUNet: isozakiQntt-20.ntt . junet Chiyoda-ku. CSNet: isozaki@ntt-20 .ntt. jp Tokyo 102. Japan. Arpa: isozaki%[email protected] Net: cooke%srava. sra.junetauunet . uu.NET' Edgar Cooke is in close touch with Pierre 11.3 Other Developments MacKay, and has sent Pierre the two versions of There is a version of Japanese 'QjX that is likely Japanese W (ASCII Corp. and JW)mentioned to become available from Canon which resembles above. Jm,but it may take a long time for the man- 12 Chinese agement at Canon to make anything available to the public domain, so it may not be available until Work done on a Chinese METAfont by Gu Guoan some time next year. and John D. Hobby is available by anonymous FTP Similarly, IBM Japan has a Japanese version from j une . cs . washington.edu. in the directory based on the Canon algorithm (which was also the /pub, as the (large) file CHINESE.TAR. Z. This was stimulus for the Saito's JW). written up in TUGboat 5 (1984), pp.119-136. (This The Bitstream Kanji fonts could almost cer- is a reprint of the Stanford Computer Science Re- tainly be integrated into the above Japanese TEX port 974 by Gu Guoan and J. D. Hobby: A Chinese implementations (see Bitstream). Meta-font (Stanford. 1983).) 11.4 Conclusion 13 International Phonetic Alphabet There has been a meeting of the leaders and inter- 13.1 Washington State University ested parties of J-TUG about whether it is possible Dean Guenther informs me (June 22. 1988) that to merge these three versions, and a number of sug- Washington State University has an IPA font avail- gestions and guidelines have been set forth. But able. It contains 128 popular IPA characters and lacking a central authority figure along the lines of diacritics as specified in the Phonetzc Symbol Guzde a Donald Knuth has limited this from going beyond recommendations. 'N.B. It is possible to reply to any mail he will All three parties are working on improving the send you by 'R' or 'r' from the Unix mall (I) pro- inherent quality and mutual compatibility of their gram. but then it will come via CSnet. which (al- versions, and I expect that they will be working on though days faster) is prohibited to non-member, non-academic institutions such as his. 140 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
by Geoffrey K. Pullurn and William A. Ladusaw Beethovenstraoe 5. (Chicago. London. 1986). Janene Winter did the D-8700 Wurzburg. METRFONT work on this font. The character posi- West Germany. tions were coord~natedwith help from Helmut Feld- Kris Holnles and Chuck Bigelow also report weg at the Max-Planck-Institut fiir Psycholinguis- that they have a bitmap IP,4 font. See Lucida. tik in the Yetherlands. Christina Thiele at Carleton 'Cniversity and some ideas from Brian MacWhinney 13.3 Ridgeway at Carnegie Mellon and Karen Mullen at the Uni- A phonetic alphabet has been developed by Thomas versity of Kentucky at Louisville. Ridgeway for a large subrange of American Indian The font also comes with a set of macros to languages. The first active projects using this are access the characters easily. For example. \schwa in Salish and Navajo. This font is presently being prints what you would expect. tested and will be available from the Humanities and Arts Computing Center at the University of Wash- Terms of Availability ington in early fall 1988. The Washington State Cniversity IPL4 is available for $100. The package includes GF. PXL or PK fonts Contact at 9. 10, 11 and 12 point (together) in the Roman See under Tamil above. bold and slanted faces (together). The typeface is designed to match the Chl Roman face. The META- 14 Elvish FONT source is not included. Elvish. or more properly. Tengwar, is the script used by the elves of Middle Earth. It was described by Contact J. R. R. Tolkien. Send a note to Dean Guenther at guenther@wsuvml on Bitnet. or write to: 14.1 Urban mXT1 Distribution. On 4 Dec 1986 (sic)Mike Urban released the META- Coniputing Service Center. FONT code for the Tengwar script through the Washington State University. Usenet newsgroup comp .text. Pullman. WA 99164-1220. USA. The Font 13.2 Other Developments Mike said the following: Georgia Tobin (q. v.) has an IPA font. created in old [Here are the] METAFONT sources for a dig- M ETAFONT79 itized version of the Tengwar (Elvish script) A bitmap IPA font. phlO. was created by Jean created by J. R. R. Tolkien. They have only Pierre Paillet for use with TE)i for typesetting the been tested on a 300dpi laser printer. No Canadzan Journal of Lznguzstzcs. This font is de- guarantee of the quality of either the code scribed. with a printout of the character grid. by or the output is offered. I'm not particu- Christina Thiele in larly satisfied with the quality of the code "I$$, Linguistics. and Journal Production' in 7)j$ (my first non-trivial attempt to use META- CTsers Group Ezghth Annual Meetmg: Confer- FONT), but the results look OK to me. ence Proceedzngs. edited by Dean Guenther (Providence: TUG. l988), 5-26. Contact phi0 is now superseded by the Washington State Urban. Cniversity font. TRW Inc.. R2/2009 According to a note from G. Toal in UKmY One Space Park. 1988. issue 2. Tibor Tscheke's company. Stiirtz AG. Redondo Beach. C4 90278. also has an IPL4 font for sale. Toal does not state (213) 812-0632 whether this font was created with METAFONT, but Net: [email protected] the implication is that it is usable with 7&X. Con- 14.:, Other Developments tact: Tibor Tscheke. See also the Elvish bitmap fonts available from the Head. Computer Science Department. Austin Code Works. Cniversitatsdruckerei. H. Sturtz AG. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988). No. 2 141
15 Georgia Tobin reworked by Georgia Tobin. In its finished form. Georgia Tobin is well known to readers of TCjGbnat Chel has been described as 'lighter and more com- as the editor of. and chief contributor to. the 'Font pact' than the Computer Modern sans-serif (CMSS) Forum' section of the journal. She has been working which was designed by Richard Southall and is m- with METAFONT since 1982. and between 1982 and cluded in all CM distributions. Chel comprises 1987 she created several complete families of fonts fifteen fonts including Chel Book. Slant. Medium for use with TI-$.(Georgia's husband Rick works Bold. Slanted Medium Bold. Bold. Slanted Bold. with her on the fonts.) Because much of her earlier Extra Bold. Slanted Extra Bold. Math Symbols. work was done using METAFONT79. which is now Bold Math Symbols. Math Italic, Bold Math Italic. superseded, only the bitmaps of these early fonts Math Extensible. Elite. Bold Elite. Pica and Bold are available but not the METAFONT source code. Pica. The bitmap fonts are mostly at 300dpi. and 15.2 MI? Roman Family are optimized for write-black imaging machines (i.e.. Apple. Canon, HP, and certain other laser printers). This family comprises more than nineteen Times The fonts are available at a wide range of sizes rang- Roman style seriffed fonts. including Roman Text. ing from 5 to 72 points (some of the less common Slanted Text. Italic. Unslanted Italic. Medium Bold. fonts are available in a narrower range of sizes. say Medium Bold Italic. Bold. Bold Italic. Extra Bold. from 5 to 36 point). One particular subset of these Extra Bold Italic. Titling (Small Caps). Slanted fonts, marketed by Personal TEX Inc. as a package Titling, Math Symbol. Bold Math Symbols. Math called MF Medley. consists of the Chel fonts at 5, 7. Italic, Bold hlath Italic. Math Extensible. Elite and 10 and 12 point sizes, with Copperplate and School- Pica. The last two fonts are 12 cpi and 10 cpi type- book at 36 and 48 point. and Black Letter at 36 writer style fonts respectively. and include slanted point. The MF Medley is available at 180. 240 and and emboldened versions. 300dpi. with some fonts available at 118dpi too. and 15.3 MF Slavic Family costs $100. An important point to notice is that the Ro- The Slavic Family of fonts includes all the fonts man, Chel and Schoolbook families described be- necessary for sophisticated typesetting in Russian. low include math symbol and extensible fonts. like The family includes Chel-compatible and Roman- Knuth's CM, so that these fonts can be used for the compatible versions of Cyrillic in Book. Slant. Bold full range of mathematical and technical typesetting and Bold Slant versions. and also an Italic version as defined in the PLAIN format and IPW. of the Roman-compatible face. There are further Georgia's newer work on Schoolbook. Hebrew. 'additional' fonts corresponding to each of these cat- ALA and Special Effects typefaces, described below. egories which contain extra accents and characters is all done in METAFONT84, the current and stabi- used in typesetting other Slavic languages lized version of METAFONT, and is therefore much 15.4 MF Decorative Family more flexible. Fonts of these faces can be generated at any reasonable resolution. and for any marking Also offered is a decorative package of fonts which in- engine with a defined mode. One hopes that Geor- cludes six typefaces. including Black Letter. a Cop- gia will find some way of making her METAFONT perplate Script. Hodge Podge (including assorted source code available to bona fide users of her newer dingbats. pharmacy and planetary symbols. a tur- typefaces, without of course jeopardizing her liveli- tle and a frog). an Outline Helvetica (upper case). hood. and a Slanted Outline Helvetica (also upper case). and an Uncial Majuscule which emulates a medieval 15.1 MF Chel Family manuscript script. The Chel (.Computer Helvetica') family of sans- 15.5 Century Schoolbook serif fonts was initially created by Thom Hickey in a Tandem TAL translation of METAFONT79 (later Georgia is close to finalizing a first release version recoded into Apollo Pascal using the MAP prepro- of a Century Schoolbook typeface. This is the first cessor). He began work on the font in the winter fruits of her work with the new METAFONT84. Her of 1980, and continued to work on the font until goal has been to create a complete Century School- 1982.' Chel was later completed and extensively book style typeface that is clean and legible from '~eference to Hickey's work on Chel. with an il- is made in Knuth's .Lessons Learned from Metafont' lustration of the MF code for the letters 'B' and 'b'. (1985), 37-38. 142 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 very low resolutions (about 72dpi is the lowest so Minato-ku. far) to very high. and in point sizes from 5 to 96 or Tokyo 107, Japan. so. Docusoft Publishing Technologies, 15.6 MF ALA Suite 300. 1120 Hamilton Street, Another project has been the creation of METAFONT Vancouver, B. C. VVGB 2S2. fonts which include the special character set defined Canada. as a standard by the American Library Association (AL.4) and used by the Library of Congress and Interbase. other bodies influential in the library automation Dantes Plads 1, world, such as OCLC. This set of characters and DK-1556 Copenhagen V, accents was designed to make possible the represen- Denmark. tation. if necessary in a standard Roman translit- Personal GY, Inc.. eration. of virtually all the world's languages. The 12 Madrona Avenue, characters include items like upper and lower case Mill Valley, C'X 94941. thorn. Polish dark el (with a cross bar). eth. and several other unusual signs and accents. There is USA. even a candrabzndu for Sanskritists! Georgia did TjjXpert Systems Ltd., this work for the Library of Congress. The font is 5 Northernhay Square. available in Text. Bold. Italic. and Bold Italic. Exeter EX4 3ES. The AL.4 fonts contain 256 character positions, Devon. UK. and therefore require a robust DVI driver program Georgia has some fine catalogues illustrating such as the members of Kelson Beebe's DVI driver the Roman, Chel and Decorative families: send a family or the latest release of the Arbortext drivers. cheque for $6 ($15 outside USA or Canada) to: Georgia Tobin. 15.7 Hebrew 1888 Barnard Drive. Georgia is developing a Hebrew- typeface. which Powell. Ohio 43065. is still at an experimental stage. At the present Phone: (614) 764-9863. time it consists of 27 characters. with more cal- ligraphic molding of the strokes than is shown in 16 Blackboard Bold Goldberg's font. However, Georgia has not devel- 16.1 Robert Messer oped any macros or preprocessors for inputting He- Robert Messer published an article 'Blackboard brew text in quantities, as Goldberg has. It would Bold' in TUGboat 9 (1988). 19-20. in which he gen- be advantageous if Georgia and Goldberg were to eralized a method used by Knuth in The Wbook standardize on a common font layout. so that any to produce such characters. This is a series of macro/input system wou!d be able to access either Plain macros which jiggle the characters of CM of their fonts. rn around, using small kerns and the capital I and small 15.8 Special Effects rules. to produce a 'poor person's blackboard bold'. Georgia published 'The ABC's of Special Effects' 16.2 Other Developments in TC'Gboat 9 (1988). 15-18, in which are demon- See also Custom fonts & Pandora. and the strated several fascinating typographical effects that AMSFonts package. are r~!atively simple to produce with clever use of METAFONT84 macros. The article includes the 17 APL METAFONT code illustrating how the effects were The APL programming language requires many un- produced. usual symbol characters. which often baffle normal Terms of Availability typesetting and word processing systems. The Chel. Roman. Slavic. Decorative and Century 17.1 Hohti and Kanerva Schoolbook font families are available on a commer- Aarno Hohti and Okko Kanerva of the University cial basis from the following sources: of Helsinki have developed an APL font for use with ASCII Corporation. W.They have 'raided' the CM character set to this Sumitomo Minami Aoyama Bldg.. 5-11-5 Minami Aoyama. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 143 end, so the characters should be similar in weight on IBM PC-compatible and Macintosh diskettes and and style with CM. on mag tape in VAX/VMS format. For information, The font is described in the article 'Generating contact: an APL Font' in TUGboat 8 (1987), 2755278. AMS QXLibrary. American Mathematical Society. Terms of Availability P. 0. Box 6248, The authors can be contacted at: Providence. RI 02940. USA. University of Helsinki. Phone: (401) 272-9500 or (800) 556-7774 Department of Mathematics. Internet: sse@math . AMS . corn Hallituskatu 15, Contact for technical inquiries: SF-00100 Helsinki, Barbara Beeton. Finland. (same address) I assume that the fonts are being freely dis- Phone: (401) 272-9500 tributed, since the METAFONT code for them is Internet: bnb@seed . AMS . corn or available for anonymous FTP as file CMAPLIO from [email protected] score.stanf ord.edu, in directory (TEX. TUGBOAT>. 19 Custom Fonts & Pandora 18 AMSFonts Package 19.1 Custom Fonts The American Mathematical Society (AMS) has de- veloped several fonts of symbols and alphabets in- If you are desperate for a font that does not yet tended for use in mathematical notation. exist, why not commission a METAFONT program- mer to create it? 18.1 The Fonts Neenie N. Billawala advertises her services as a Three alphabets, collectively known as Euler. were METAFONT consultant in TUGboat. She is respon- designed by Hermann Zapf and implemented in sible for creating the fine calligraphic capitals that METRFONT at Stanford as part of the project. are part of the Computer Modern typeface family They come in both medium and bold weights. and (in the CMSY fonts). include Fraktur. script and an upright cursive al- 19.2 Pandora phabet, which was intended to minimize problems with the placement of accents and indices. The Eu- Neenie, a designer. has also created a new typeface ler fonts are considered proprietary. and sources are called Pandora, which is part of a larger research available only under lease. project concerning the possibility of breaking the el- Two fonts of symbols. including a Blackboard ements of typeface design down into general reusable Bold alphabet, are also available. Details of these components such as serifs (and terminal endings), fonts, including character grids, were published in bowls, circular shapes, arms and so on. Pandora is TUGboat 6 (1985), 124 ff. These fonts are still ren- the result of setting the parameters for these com- dered in METAFONT79, which is totally incompat- ponents to one particular set of values. but many ible with the current METRFONT, so distribution others could be chosen. In this sense. Pandora ex- of the sources is pointless; arrangements are be- plores further the 'parametrization' which is at the ing made for their re-implementation in new METR- heart of Knuth's endeavor with METAFONT. See- FONT, but the schedule is uncertain. nie has nearly finished writing a Stanford Computer Science Report about this, called Meta-Marks: Pre- 18.2 Terms of Availability liminary Studies for a Pandora's Box of shapes (to Together with Cyrillic (see under Cyrillic) fonts, appear). Knuth describes this study as 'lavishly il- this collection is called AMSFonts. A set of TFM and lustrated studies in parameter variation. leading to 300GF files (magstep0 only) is available: the design of a new typeface called Pandora'.lo by anonymous FTP from directory The Pandora typeface is intended t,o be a .bread
A recent discussion of fonts in PC Magazine make a special request to have the Dutch family in- (March 15, 1988. issue 7(5). p. 238) noted that: stead). Bitstream fonts are the same ones you get 20.5 Contacts in already-generated form from H[ewlett] P[ackard]. are widely (though not exclu- Personal Inc.. sively) used in the printing industry, and 12 Madrona Avenue, are used in our Tegra galley-generating ma- Mill Valley, CA 94941. chine. Phone: (415) 388-8853 Telex: 51060 10672 PCTEX A useful article comparing Bitstream fonts with Fax: (415) 388-8865 Adobe Postscript fonts was published in the maga- zine Publzsh! (March 1988, issue 3(3). pp.46 ff.). It Bitstream. included valuable iliustrations of both manufactur- Athenaeum House. ers' fonts at several different resolutions. 215 First Street. I myself have only experimented with the Dutch Cambridge, MA 02142. and Swiss fonts at 10pt. and then only on a 640 x 400 Phone: (617) 497-6222 pixel screen. and at 240dpi on a 9-pin matrix printer. Telex: 467237 On both these devices the Bitstream fonts ap- Fax: (617) 868-4632 pear much superior to the nearest CM equivalents. (CMR10 and CMSSIO). The characters are somewhat 21 Times Roman in METRFONT broader. with relatively rounder bowls and shorter 21.1 Kemmish ascenders. and give a more even. regular appearance The Font across the page. They make the CM fonts look very uneven by comparison (and I am a great fan of CM). The creator of the font. Ian Kemmish. writes: I suspect that the CM fonts would compare more I have a Times font in METAFONT which favorably at higher resolutions. since they were not I have been tinkering with over the past designed for such poor output devices. six or seven months. It is modelled on The Bitstream Font Interface Package offers Monotype Times New Roman (visually - 'l&X users (without access to Postscript printers) no calipers in sight!) The standard of ras- access for the first time to a proper typeface cata- terization is about comparable to a Laser- logue, and a highly professional one at that. Writer. but the typography is of necessity a lot more amateurish. The regular font is 20.3 Other Developments largely OK. the italic is a few weeks behind Although Bitstream has released 40 Fontware out- and probably needs some tweaking. There line typefaces, it actually has a library of over 1000 is a rather lumpy semibold which needs pa- digital typefaces waiting in the wings. This collec- rameter tweaking. I suspect a genuine bold tion includes traditional designs, original designs. needs a new set of minuscule routines. I pi-fonts, and non-Latin fonts such as Arabic, Cyril- also have a typewriter font generated from lic, Greek. Gujarati. Hebrew, Laotian, and Tai Dan. it, and am working on a Kebiolo Eurostyle However. all these exist in plsin digital outline for- sans-serif font. (I needed something easy mat only. which means that the outlines have not after the Times! I want to do Helvetica had the A1 scaling optimization rules added to them. sometime soon.) and are thus not 'smart outlines' such as can be used with the Fontware Installation packages. They are Terms of Availability are thus not at present marketed widely. Ian Kemmish writes: Intelligent font scaling for Kanji fonts (Nippon I'd be happy to distribute what I have. Information Science Ltd. Iwata Gothic. with other though I suspect my employers would want faces to follow) was announced in March 1988. and to charge something for it. Ideally. I'd like is offered to OEMs. to send out some GF files first to people who are interested in test-driving them and can 20.4 Terms of Availability make constructive comments about how to The Fontware Installation Kit costs $195, and nor- improve them. The METRFONT code is still mally comes with the Swiss font family (one can in a state of flux. I'd hate to distribute it TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
and have a lot of unco-ordinated changes one heavier in weight, for English and French typog- being made to it all! raphers, and one lighter, for Germanic texts which use extensive capitalization. and therefore need de- Contact emphasized capitals. Ian Kemmish can be contacted at: The screen 'versions' of Lucida are at such low Whitechapel Workstations. resolution (75-100dpi) that they cannot be regarded 75 Whitechapel Road, as straight reproductions of their higher resolution London El lDU, England. counterparts. They are therefore called Pellucida, Phone: (+44) 01 377 8680 to suggest that the designs are related to Lucida, Telex: (UK) 885300 WCW G but optimized for 'pel' based screen displays. Fax: (+44) 01 247 4589 Uucp: ian@wcw . co . uk Adobe OldUucp: . . . !mcvax!ukc!wcwvax! ian Chuck Bigelow informed me in April 1988 that Adobe Systems is dealing with the release of sev- 21.2 Other Developments eral Lucida typefaces for use with m.Dan Mills, See also the MI? Roman Family by Georgia Tobin, Manager of Typography at Adobe informed me later and the Dutch typeface by Bitstream. in the same month that: Knowing people would want these fonts for 22 Lucida use with TEX (because of the Math ver- Lucida is the name of one of the typefaces designed sions. . . . ), we purposely extended our nor- by Kris Holmes and Chuck Bigelow. Its main design mal character set for these fonts (by about aim is that it be legible and beautiful at low as well 16 characters) to cover the 'w text' set as high resolutions. and it is probably the first origi- (Figure 1 in Appendix F of The Wbook). nal typeface family produced for digital printers and What I mean is, these fonts have a union displays." By low resolution. Holmes and Bigelow of our standard character set and the T@ mean laser printers and computer screens. The font text set. has been discussed in the following publications: The following faces have already been released by Jonathan A. Epstein. 'Best Font Forward', Dzgital Adobe as downloadable Postscript fonts on both Review (July 1986), 82-87. Mac and PC disks: Lucida Roman (seriffed), Lu- C. Bigelow and K. Holmes. 'The Design of Lucida: cida Italic, Lucida Bold, Lucida Bold Italic. Lucida an Integrated Family of Types for Electronic Sans Roman (sans-serif), Lucida Sans Italic. Lucida Literacy'. in Text Processzng and Document Sans Bold, and Lucida Sans Bold Italic. Manipulatzon edited by J. C. van Vliet (Cam- The following will be released soon: Lucida T)$ bridge, 1986), 1-17. Math Italic, Lucida Tj$ Math Symbol. Lucida 7QX 'Alumna Designs First Laserwriter Typeface', Math Extension. and Lucida Sans Typewriter. Dan Harvard Extension Newsletter 8(2) (Spring notes that the Math fonts have the same charac- 1988). ter sets as shown in appendix F of The mbook. The second of these articles is itself printed in the The Lucida Sans Typewriter has another union of Lucida typeface. It goes into detail about the design Adobe's standard set, this time with the TEX text concepts of Lucida, with illustrations. typewriter set. shown in figure 3 in the same ap- pendix. 22.1 The Fonts Bigelow suggested that for dates of release and The Lucida family includes the following eight fonts: information on TFM files, etc.. one should contact Roman. Italic, Bold, and Bold Italic, in both seriffed Adobe. Once again, Dan Mills was most helpful. and sans-serif styles. Lucida has been called a 'su- He said: per family' because of the wide range of characters As for TFM's, we've been getting a lot of help and fonts it provides, including compatibility with from Barry Smith of Kellerman & Smith the full CM character set. Unusual features of Lu- . . . to produce these. We aren't finished. cida fonts include the fact that the italic sans-serif If you are a wtures user, they will cer- is a true cursive style. rather than a slanted Ro- tainly be willing to help you out. If not, man, and that there are alternate sets of capitals, we plan to make these metrics available to ''Another font with some similar design goals is the general community 'somehow' in Matthew Carter's Bitstream Charter. TUGboat. Volume 9 (1988),No. 2 147
the near future. Exactly how they will be in the l)$ character set (as well as PostScript char- distributed remains to be decided. acter set) in PXL format for the Lucida seriffed and Lucida Sans families in the following point sizes, at Imagen 300dpi: 6. 8. 10. 12. 14. 18, 24. and the same sizes. Chuck Bigelow also noted that the Imagen Corpo- excepting 6 point. for 75 dpi and 100 dpi screens. ration currently offers various Lucida typefaces. and Currently there is no distributor for these. These are an upgrade to the full w character set will be hand-tuned bitmaps that are slightly different for released in July 1988. These will include the Lu- each size, and therefore have their own (simple) TFM cida seriffed family. the Lucida Sans family. and the files that are not fully compatible with those for the Lucida Sans Typewriter family. Imagen will pro- Adobe PostScript outlines. However, they feel that duce the w Math fonts if there is demand from the quality of the hand-tuned fonts is usually higher their users. Imagen Lucida will be available in out- than that of the algorithmically produced bitmaps line format for their CltraScript (PostScript clone) from outlines. They haven't finished bitmap ver- and DDL language printers. and for their imPRESS sions of the math fonts or the typewriter fonts yet. printers. The Imagen fonts should be metrically but they do have an International Phonetic Alpha- compatible with the .Adobe fonts. They are made bet and some other oddities in bitmap. from exactly the same outline data. 22.2 Contacts Compugraphic Chuck Bigelow can be reached at the Dept. of Com- A last minute update from Chuck indicates that Lu- puter Science at Stanford: cida will soon be available for Compugraphic type- Phone: (415) 723 3827 setters: Arpa: cabasail.stanf ord edu. Compugraphic Corporation has licensed or at his Menlo Park studio, Bigelow & Holmes: the Lucida seriffed family (rornan. italic. Phone: (415) 326-8973 bold. bold italic) and the three basic TEX Dan Mills can be reached at: math fonts (math italic, math symbol, Adobe Systems Inc., math extension) for their 8600 and 9600 1585 Charleston Road. P. 0.Box 7900. typesetters, and perhaps the 8400 as well. Mountain View, CA 94039-7900.USA. Contact Cynthia Marsh or Norbert Flo- Phone: (415) 962-2100 rendo at CG for estimate of availability, Net: adobe ! mllls@decwrl, (and possibiy price, etc. mills@ucbvax . berkeley edu) Compugraphic Corporation. Type Division. Wil- mington, MA4.(617) 658-5600. 23 Icelandic 23.1 Pind Other Developments The Font A maker of inexpensive personal computers and printers will announce Lucida availability very On March 10. 1988.Jorgen Pind reported in whax shortly. The fonts will be metrically compatible with 1988,issue 22. that he is running an unmodified l)$ Adobe and Imagen. with new fonts and formats (including hyphenation) Chuck and Kris are also working on outline which cater for Icelandic. versions of several of the additional fonts shown in Contact Knuth's Volume E of Computers and Typesettzng, and fonts analogous to the Euler family. including Jorgen Pind. Bold Greek. Bold Script. Bold Symbol font. Small Institute of Lexicography. Capitals. as well as a Chancery. lower-case Script. University of Iceland. Fraktur. Hebrew, and others. Light and Demibold Reykjavik 101. Iceland. versions of both seriffed and sans-serif families are Internet: jorgenalexis .hi.is also in progress. as well as the 'Bright' versions used Uucp: . . . mcvax 1 haf ro ! rhi ! lexis ! J orgen in Scientific American. However. these must await a 24 OCR-A distributor like Adobe or Imagen to reach the mar- ket. 24.1 Lillqvist Chuck also reports that in their studio. Bigelow In whax 1987, issue 106. information was given & Holmes. he and Kris have produced bitmap fonts about an OCR-A font coded in METAFONT84 by 148 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
Tor Lillqvist, VTT/ATK (Technical Research Cen- several sans-serif fonts, and what looks as if it might tre of Finland, Computing Services). be a very tiny Arabic font. The Font Terms of Availability Lillqvist's OCR-A is based on IS0 Recommenda- The collection of fonts costs $30. tion R1073. 1st ed., May 1969 (which he thinks is probably obsolete by now). Contact The Austin Code Works, Terms of Availability 11100 Leafwood Lane, The font is distributed free of charge. On 1 June Austin, Texas 78750-3409. USA. 1987. Brandon S. Allbery ([email protected]) Phone: (512) 258-0785 and Michael Lichter posted the METAFONT sources BBS: (512) 258-8831 for the OCR-A on Usenet. in comp . sources.misc. FidoNet: 1:382/12 Net: acw ! inf o@uunet. uu .net Contact Tor Lillqvist , 25.2 SPRITE. STY VTT/ATK, If you use I4w, and you only need one or two Lehtisaarentie 2, extra characters. an ingenious and very easy way to SF-00340 Helsinki. Finland. generate them has been devised by Martin Costabel. Net: tml@fingate. bitnet, or It is a IP-'QX style called SPRITE. and the code and [email protected]. or documentation were published on 14 November 1987 mcvax!santra!tml in issue 1.8 of WMag, an online Q$ magazine put out by Don Hosek ([email protected]).Here 25 Miscellaneous is an extract from Martin's documentation: 25.1 Austin Code Works SPRITE. STY is a IP'I'&Y macro that allows The Austin Code Works has a large collection of you to define in a quick and dirty way your bitmap fonts that work with w,and which were own symbols. You just have to define the originally created at SAIL (Stanford Artificial Intel- character as a dot pattern on your screen ligence Lab) in the late 60s or early 70s (I think). and enclose it by \sprite and \endsprit e Because these fonts are not coded in up-to-date commands. Of course, I know. 'I)$is aw- METAFONT. what you get is what you get, Le., you fully professional and this primitive tech- cannot change the size or resolution of the fonts. I nique will not provide results as good as a believe they are all (or most) 200dpi fonts. Bear in METAFONT-designed character or even one mind that although you might get, say. a Hebrew drawn using device-dependent \special font. there are no accompanying macros to imple- commands, but if you just need one spe- ment it at the keyboard level. cial character or some cute little symbol and you don't have the time/brains/Mac- The Fonts intosh/superuser-privilege/money- The 'KST Fonts by Les Earnest' are described thus for-AMS-fonts/or whatever-is-necessary for in the ACW handout: a professional solution. this might produce Originally developed for the Xerox XGP acceptable results. printer. the 137 KST fonts include Hebrew. Using SPRITE. STY one 'draws' the character to Greek, Old English, Old German, Cyrillic. be defined as a pattern of characters on a grid. Fig- hand [sign alphabet]. and Tengwar alpha- ure I shows how schwa is done. To use this character bets in addition to the Roman alphabet in in your IPW document, all you have to do is use a large number of eclectic styles. Specify the command \schwa. This method uses a lot of w or bitmap format. Both come with an W's memory. and is only suitable for characters extraction and display program. which are used rarely. say a few times on a page. The fonts include such essentials as single character Contact fonts for the Stanford and MIT logos (separate fonts for each, naturally), two views of Snoopy. two views Martin Costabel. of Starship Enterprise. three fonts of chess pieces. Net: [email protected] TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
erty list (PL) file. The PL file can be converted to \def\schwaC\FormOfSchwa\kern 1 pt) a TFM file (with or without editing: see below) by % Only necessary if \kern ... is wanted the wware program PLtoTF (compiled DOS ver- \sprit e(\E'ormOf Schwa) (l6,24) [O .4 em, 1 ex] sion available on the PCWBulletin board: (415) % Resolution ca. 200x340 dpi. 388-1708). The PXL file can be left as it is. or con- : ...... BBBBBBBBBB ...... verted to a smaller PK file by PXtoPK (also on the .....BBBB ...... BBBB .... same BBS). ...BBB ...... BBBB.. The PL file generated by this program contains :.BB ...... BBB. several parameters that determine the appearance :.B...... BBB of the TljX output. These parameters control the ...... BBB inter-word glue, the space after a period. the size of ...... BBB a quad and em space. and the parameters determin- ...... BBB ing accent placement. The 'correct' values for these :BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB parameters are NOT contained in the HP soft fonts. :BBB ...... BBB They are estimated by HP2TEX. and might not be :BBB ...... BBB very good estimates. If your output is visually bad. :BBB ...... BBB. read about f ontdlmen parameters in the back of the :.BBB ...... BBB.. mbook (or METAFONT~OO~)and adjust their val- ...BBBB ...... BBBB ... ues in the PL file. Then generate a new TFM file...... BBBBB ..... BBBBB ..... The authors have not attempted to deal with kerns...... BBBBBBBB ...... although you could add those to the PL file as well. \endsprit e Ligatures require the same action. assuming the lig- ature glyph is in the font at all. Figure 1: SPRITE.STY commands for schwa. The authors note that certain fonts generated by GLYPHIX appear to convert with a bad under- score character that is far too low. This is in fact how the underscore is encoded in the font, not an 25.3 HPZTEX (HP Font Conversion) artifact of the conversion. The Program Terms of Availability In February 1988. the uuencoded ARC file HP2TEX appeared on Usenet, in comp text. It included the HP2TEX was written by David Strip, with help from Turbo Pascal 3.0 source code and a compiled DOS Dimitri Vulis. The program is copyrighted, and in version of HP2TEX. a program to read a Hewlett keeping with the spirit of the TEX community, you Packard soft font and generate two files useful to are granted permission to copy and redistribute it so users. a PL and a PXL file. long as you provide the source and the README file Since the HP soft fonts are bitmap fonts gener- along with any executable. In addition. you may ated from the Bitstream outline typefaces (see the not charge any fee in excess of the actual cost of the Bitstream section), this is another way to produce media and reasonable labor charges. This charge the latter family of fonts. However. the TFM file pro- may not exceed $3.00 per disk plus shipping costs. duced by HP2TEX does not contain the information HP2TEX is available on SIMTELZO (FTP or List- required to make ligatures. etc. (see below). so in serve access) and GENIE. as well as some BBSs. practice, if real quality is sought, it would be better Contact to buy the FIP from Personal '&X Inc. David Strip. Usage 431 Camino de la Sierra KE, The HP2TEX program prompts the user for the names Albuquerque. NM 87123. USA. of the font files for input and output. and also for Arpa: drstripasandia-2.arpa the original design size of the HP font. and its mag- Uucp: ... (ucbvax, cmu!rice, ihnp4 ! lanl . nification (so that a 12pt HP font can make a 12pt gatech) !unmvax!intvax!drstrip PXL font, or a lOpt PXL font magnified \magstepl). Dimitri L. Vulis, Names can be supplied on the command line, and 529 W. 111 Street, #61 will be given appropriate extensions if necessary. New York. NY 10025-1943. CSA. The output is a PXL font with its associated prop- Bitnet: dlv@cunyvmsl 150 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
25.4 Bar Codes eth (upper/lower case) be created for him. Issue 94 of whax 1987 carried the following note As he was referred to me by Knuth. I de- from Dimitri Vulis: cided to take this challenge and create the characters. Mainly, they are variations of I was amazed to find out that business peo- characters found in Computer Modern al- ple pay enormous money for the ability to ready. with some polishing up. produce bar codes. This ought to be triv- This will probably be the first in a se- ial with TFJ. So, I got hold of a public ries of ad-hoc characters I create for vari- domain BASIC program that supposedly ous folks in need, and I will keep them in does that and lifted the codes and put them a sort-of miscellaneous font category. For into METAFONT (it was easy). Caveat(s): now, they are compatible with CMRIO. I have never tested these codes with an OCR. The BASIC program said it used Doug is willing to distribute the Old English '3 of 9' encoding. I presume it's not the characters free of charge. He says that the final ver- same as UPC. The sizes may be off-I sions should be done in time for this year's TUG took them from the BASIC program that conference in Montr&al. Contact him at: used HP LJ's 100dpi graphics mode. Division of Library Automation, Remarks: Univ. of California, Berkeley, 186 University Hall. White space is a displayable character. Berkeley. CA 94720, USA. There are 9 significant strips, bwbwb- Bitnet: dlatex@ucbcmsa wbwb: 3 of them are wide. Arpa: dlatex%ucbcmsa.cc@berkeley The white-naro at the end of each code is the inter-code spacing. Curran The original BASIC program was written Charles Curran of the Oxford University Comput- by 'Bill Wood Mil., WI' and later re-written ing Service notes that he is 'generating odd squig- by 'Bill Baines, Enfield, CT.' gles for a user's medieval English', but he feels that Dimitri notes that he has not tested the bar codes. the quality isn't adequate for wider dissemination at present. Contact Charles at: Terms of Availability OUCS, The METAFONT code for the bar codes is available 13 Banbury Road, for anonymous FTP from score.st anf ord . edu as Oxford, OX2 6NN. England. file
Ridgeway and Barnett logue of such fonts. Adobe themselves have a cat- A font to supplement the basic Latin alphabet of alogue of fonts which they market directly. which Computer Modern with Old English characters will currently includes 230 individual fonts (several for be released in Autumn of this year by the Univer- most typefaces). There are also several other com- sity of Washington Humanities and Arts Computing panies and individuals producing PostScript fonts in Center. Macros for direct input and translators from various styles and for a wide range of languages. us- various Personal Computer editor files will accom- ing such font creation tools as Fontographer on the pany the release. Mac. or Publisher's Type Foundry on the PC. For the contact address. see under Tamil above. 25.6 Vietnamese A note from Trung Dung at the end of March 1988 signalled his intention of using METAFONT to create a Vietnamese font. This uses a Roman character set. with a wide range of diacritical marks. Trung hopes to finish some time this summer. He can be contacted at trung@umb. edu. Output Devices 26 The PostScript Question This article does not deal with the availability of PostScript fonts, because it would double its length Index to Sample Output to do so, and because the author has never used a from Various Devices PS device. and really wouldn't know what he was talking about. Suffice it to say that instead of send- Camera copy for this issue of TUGboat was pre- ing a bitmap to the printer, a PostScript output file pared on the devices indicated, and can be taken as sends the printer instructions on how to construct representative of the output produced by those de- character bitmaps at the time of printing. These vices. The bulk of this issue was at the American PostScript bitmaps are created in a manner analo- Mathematical Society on a VAX 8600 (VMS) and gous to running METRFONT, in that the characters output on an APS-p5 using resident CM fonts and are encoded in a high level language, which gives additional downloadable fonts for special purposes. the outline, filling or stroke routines for creating The items listed below were received as camera copy: glyphs. Like w TFM files. PostScript fonts have they were prepared on the devices indicated. The their own font metric files, called AFM files. A utility output devices used to prepare the advertisements program called AFtoTF exists to convert AFM files to were not usually identified; anyone interested in de- TFM ones. A copy of AFtoTF. compiled and ready termining the device used for a particular ad should to run under DOS. is available on the Personal w inquire of the advertiser. BBS. Another route is to use AFtoPL. a program Unidentified: all advertisements. Some that converts the AFM file to the intermediate PL of the ads were received in a size larger format, which can then be converted to a TFM file than permitted: these were reduced (see HP2TEX above). The C source for the lat- photographically using the PMT process. est version of AFtoPL (version 2.0. 25 April 1988) by Autologic APS-p5 (1440 dpi): Clayton M.Elwell is available via anonymous FTP Donald E. Knuth, A punk Meta-Font. from tut . cis.ohio-state. edu as pub/aftopl. c, p. 152. DEC 10; the drawings and proof fonts and also from j une . cs . washington. edu. Since all on pp. 154-156 and the photograph on p. 155 the font information T)$X needs to create a DVI file is were pasted in. in the TFM file, TEX can thus create DVI files ready Canon CX (300 dpi): Georgia Tobin. to be printed using Postscript fonts. All that is Designing for low-res devices, p. 126. needed is a DVI driver that knows how to call for a PostScript f~ntin the right way, and such drivers are available. Thus, with a bit of tinkering. it is perfectly feasible to use PostScript fonts in a TEX document, and there is a large and growing cata- TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
A Punk Meta-Font Donald E. Knuth Stanford University
In February, 1985. Gerard and Marjan Unger gave a series of nine evening lectures at Stanford. in which they surveyed the evolution of styles in art, architecture, clothing, product design. and typography during the past 75 years. The lectures were especially interesting because they revealed the way in which changes in typographic fashions were juxtaposed with the changes in other kinds of fashions. The Ungers demonstrated a remarkable fact, that typography tends to lag behind other stylistic changes by about ten years. When I woke up on the morning of their final lecture, I suddenly realized that there was an obvious corollary of what they had been saying during the previous eight evenings: It was now about time to design a typeface based on trends that had emerged during the late 70s! Furthermore, I also had a reasonably clear idea of what such a design might be like. because the lectures had turned up a strong similarity between some "punk" graphics exhibited in London and a certain lines-and-dots motif found in the upholstery of some "punk" furniture designed in Italy. 4 lines-and-dots motif is trivially easy for METQFONT to handle. so I decided to create a new family of typefaces called Pbflk. I spent several pleasant hours at the computer terrninal that afternoon; and by evening I was able to present everybody in the audience with an up-to-the-minute souvenir of the Lnger's lectures, laserprinted in P b fl k 4b and P b fl klb. The idea of Pbflk was to start with more-or-less traditional stick-letter shapes. but to ask METAFONT to perturb the key points by random amounts so that the letters look a bit deranged. Here. for example. are several texts set with a few varieties of P bflk fonts:
ABCDEF~~~JJ~~M~~OPQRS~~VVXY~ABcD~FGHi~giMrro~eRsruvwxY~ bllQ4Sd789 X&~I'DQAS RI'Tb$R ~G~~IJ"""-'^'""'; .,;:j?i!""'#$gbFiD---k 0 [I $if/(=> PUNK 10 '~UMPH!' SAID ART!?. HIS FACE WAS RED AND HE WAS CERTAINLY FLUSTERED. '11. 'D BE A DEAD LUCKY THING IF SOME MORE PEOPLE AROUND THE SHOP 'D CHANGE A LITTLE. THEY COULD N'T BE ANY PUNKER 'N THEY ARE NOW.' [I]
[I tww o PUNK 12 TUGboat: Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 153 154 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
e16UTCeNTH CENTURY. 141
At the time I 'Ldesigned" these typefaces. I had just begun to make the final version of the Computer Modern fonts by converting my Almost Computer Modern code to the conventions of METAFONT84. The letters .A', 'B','C', and 'D' had been debugged so far. and I was planning to tackle 'E' soon: but I felt like taking a break. So I made sketches of some punkish forms. as follows:
(I used a large sheet of graph paper; this illustration has been reduced to about 114 of the original size.) At 1 p.m. I went to the computer and began to compose a simple base file. Not much had to be done. since plain METAFONT already includes most of the basic routines; so I had my first proof output at 1:20 p.m.:
(40% of original size)
The letter .A' seemed to be working, so I proceeded to type the METAFONT programs for 'b' through '2'. I decided to type everything before looking at any proofs, so I simply translated the sketches into METAFONT constructions, composing everything at the keyboard. It wasn't, necessary to make accurate measurements, because random perturbations to the points were going to be made anyway; so I soon got used to the TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 155 conventions of this font, and I was limited only by typing speed. I didn't even need sketches of the letters "/' through '2',because it was easy to imagine what they would be in algebraic form. At 3:04 p.m. the typing was done, and I was able to run METAFONT and get proofs of all 26 uppercase letters. I also had thrown in a few punctuation marks (period, comma. opening and closing single and double quotation marks). Of course there were bugs in my code. For example, the first few letters came out looking like this:
METRFONT oi~t,ptit1085.02.28:1504
(I refuse to show you the first form of the letter 'G'.) But by 4 p.m. I was ready to make the first trial setting of text:
At this point an unexpected glitch slowed things down a bit: The letters of this font had some unusual characteristics that hadn't arisen in GF files before, so a bug showed up in our METRFONT-to-laserprinter software. I made copies of the offending files, for later reference, and I was able to get around the bug by choosing another random seed and generating the font again. After another half hour of tuning things up (and toning down the randomness a bit), I was able to go home for supper. During the supper hour, I realized that a proper keepsake for that evening would include the typeset date. So I gulped down my meal, quickly sketched a set of numerals, and raced back to my office. Soon I had the font of 43 characters shown at the top of the next page. Whew! I was ready to hand out a sample sheet to everybody at 7 p.m., hot off the copy machine. A year or so later, I was wondering around in Boston's Museum of Fine Arts and I came across a drawing made by Picasso in 1924 [j]. (See the illustration at the right.) This made me wonder if the P b fl k fonts weren't really sixty years behind the times, not just ten. On the other hand, I found a striking confirmation of the relevance of at least part of the P b fl k design in October, 1986, when I chanced to see the following typography on a billboard in the Paris M&ro(!): 156 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
Test of punk20 on February 28, 1985 at 1824
In February, 1987, I decided to extend this original font to the full T# character set. The extra programming didn't take long, since I decided to generate the lowercase letters as "small caps.'' and since each new character could be typed into the computer in one or two minutes. About one third of the characters had to be revised after I saw proofsheets. since they looked either too punk or not punk enough: and one- third of the revised characters had to be revised again; and so on. But after about six hours of additional work, a complete PbNk meta-font with 128 characters was ready for use (in case anybody wanted it). In the remainder of this paper, I'll present the details of the METRFONT code. since this may be the shortest possible example of METAFONT programs for a family of complete 128-character fonts. The programs appear in several different kinds of files, as explained in Appendix E of [4]: There are parameter files. to specify specific fonts of the family; there is a driver file, which controls most of the font generation process; and there are program files. which contain the code for individual characters. (I didn't need a base file, since the special macros for these fonts could all be included in the driver file.) Here is a typical parameter file, PUNK20. MF: % 20-point PUNK font: designsize := 20pt#; fontidentifier := "PUNK"; ht# := 14pt#; % height of characters U# := */$,pt#; % unit width s# := 2pt5 % extra sidebar px# := Apt#; % horizontal thickness of pen py# := .6pt#; % vertical thickness of pen dot# := 2.7pt#; 9% diameter of dots dev# := .jpt#; % standard deviation of punk points slant := 0; % obliqueness TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988),No. 2 157 seed := 2.71828; % seed for random number generator input PUNK % switch to the driver file Its purpose is to customize the meta-design to a particular selection of sizes and weights. The parameters used to define the five fonts exhibited earlier in this article are:
designsize lopt# 12p# 20pH 20pt# 20pt# font-identifier "PUNK" "PUNK " "PUNK " "PUNKSL" " PUNKBX" ht# 7pfl 8.4pt# 14pt# 14pt# 14pt# u,# l/4~t# .3pt# 4/9pt# 4/9p t# .6pt# s # 1.apt# 1.4pt# 2pfl 2.2ptk: ~8 .6pt# .75pt# .8pt# .8pt# PY# .5pt# .62pt# .6pt# .6pt# 1.6pt# dot# 1.3pt# 1.6pt# 2.7pt# 2.7pt# 3.5pt# dev# .3pt# .36pt# .5pt# .5pt# .5pH slant 0 0 0 l/3 0 seed sqrt 2 sqrt 3 2.71828 3.14159 0.57722
The driver file PUNK.MF was the most difficult to write, because it contains the "essence" of the design. The various parts of this file grew one step at a time. For example, the last two parameters of the 'begin- punkchar' macro were added after I noticed that some characters can't tolerate as much random deviation in their points as a normal character can (otherwise they become unrecognizable). % This is P bvk. a meta-font inspired by Gerard and Marjan Unger's lectures. February 1985 mode-setup; randomseed := seed: define-pixels (u,dev); define-blacker-pixels (px. py, dot): define-whole-pixels (s); xoffset := s: pickup pencircle xscaled px yscaled py; punk-pen := savepen; pickup pencircle scaled dot: def -pen-path-; path dot-pen-path; dot-pen-path := currentpen-path; currenttransform := zdentzty slanted slant yscaled aspect-ratzo: def beginpunkchar(expr c, n, h, v) = % code c: width is n units hdev := h * dev: vdev := v * dev; % modify horizontal and vertical amounts of deviation begincharic, n * u#,ht#, 0); italcorr ht# * slant; pickup punk-pen enddef: extra-endchar := extra-endchar & "w : =w+2s ; charwd : =charwd+2st1'; def j = transformed currenttransform enddef; def makebox(text rule) = for y = 0, h: rule((-s, y)T, (w- s, y)j): endfor % horizontals for x = -s, 0, w - 2s, w - s: rule((x,O)t, (x,h)T): endfor % verticals enddef; rulepen := pensquare; vardef pp expr z = z + (hdev * normaldeviate; vdev * normaldeviate) enddef; def pd expr z = addto-currentpicture contour dot-pen-path shifted zt- withpen penspeck enddef; % drawdot input PUNKL % uppercase letters input PUNKAE % uppercase E. CE. 0 input PUNKG % uppercase greek TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 input PUNKP % punctuation input PUNKD % digits input PUNKA 9% accents ht# := .6ht#: dev := .'ide.u: input PUNKSL % special lowercase extra_beginchar := e.ctra-begin,char & " charcode : =charcode+32 ; "1 input PUNKL % lowercase letters extra-beginchar := extra-beginchar & "charcode:=charcode-35; "; input PUNKAE % lowercase z,ce. o font-slant := slant: font-quad := 18u# + 2sk; font-normal-space := 971# + 2s#: font-normal-stretch := 67~#: font-normal-shrink := 4u#; font-x-height := h,t#; font-coding-scheme := "TeX text without f-ligatures"; end
The 128 characters generated by PUNK .MF have the same font positions as the characters in fonts like cmr5 and cmcsclO that don't have f-ligatures. Here, for example, is the layout of the font PUNKZ20, which is like PUNK20 except that de,v = 0 (so that there is no randomness):
'0 '1 '2 '3 '4 '5 '6 '7 H H 'OOz r D 4 A .4 n t "Ox I '01 :c H B R t 4 i a a 2 V V W v '02x I J " lx '0.3~ 3 Y A (G D iE d P 2 'O& 8 ! # % ff "2x a Z '05.c ( 1 -l 1 . 1 ,062 b 1 2 3 4 S 6 1 "3x W '07.c 8 . " } 1 P .1 < ,I ox B A B C D E F G "4x '1 lz tl I J K L M N 0 'r 22 PQR s T U V W "5x 9 s-8 . '132 X Y 1 [ I 5 '14~ C 6 A b D E f: "6x '15x H I J K L M N 0 '16x 3 f' (a R I- u v w "7x V Z .. '1 7x X Y Z -. .-. "8 "9 "A "B "C "D "E "F TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 159
Let's look now at the program files. The first one I wrote was PUNKL.MF. which defines all the letters from A to 2: % Punk letters: beginpunkchar ("A", 13, 1, 2): zl = pp(l.5~.0): z2 = (.5~,1.1h); z3 = ppju) - 1.5~,0): pd zl; pd z3: draw z1 -- 22 -- 23: '% left and right tliagonals 24 = pp.3[z1, z2]: 25 = pp.3[z3 z2]; pd z4; pd zj: draw z4 -- 23: '% crossbar endchar; beginpunkchar ("B", 12. 1, 1); zl =pp(2u,0): z2 =pp(2u,.6h); z3 =pp(2u,h): pdzl: pdq: draw zl --23: % stem 21.~= pp(w - ,u, .Sy2): 22.5 = pp(w - u. .5[y2.ys]): draw z2 -- 22.5 -- 23; '2 upper lot^ draw flex(z2, 21.5, zl); %, lower lobe endchar; beginpunkchar("C", 13. 1. 2); zl = pp(w - 2u. .8h); 22 = ppj.6~.h): z3 = pp(u, .5h); zl = (.~uJ.0): 25 = (u,- 2u. ,211): pd zl; pd z5: draw zl . . z2 . . 23 . . 24 . . 25; % arc endchar: beginpunkchar("DU.14. 1. 2): zi = pp(2u, 0): z2 = pp(2u. h); 23 = pp(ut - u. .6h); pd zl: pd 21: draw flex(zl. 23, 22 1: !% lobe draw zl -- ZZ: % htem endchar: beginpunkchar("EH,12. .5. 1); zl = pp(2u, 0); 22 = pp(2u, h): z3 = pp(w - 2.5~.h): 24 = ~p(u!- 2u. 0): pd z3: pd 24: draw 24 - - zl - - 22 - - 23: % stem and arm zs = pp(2u. .6h): 26 = pp(w - 3u. .6h): pd 25: pd 26: draw 25 -- 26; 5% crossbar endchar: beginpunkchar("FH, 12. .5. 2): zl = pp(2u. 0); z2 = pp(2u. h): z3 = pp(w - 2u. h); pd zl: pd 23: draw zl - - 22 - - z3; %, strrn and arm zg = pp(2u, .6h); z6 = pp(w - 3u. .6h): z4 = pp.5[zs, 261 - (0. .lh): pd z5; pd 26: draw flex(z5. 24. 26); '?? crossbar endchar; beginpunkchar("GV,13, .5. .5); zl = pp(w - 21~..8h): z2 = pp(.6w, h): z3 = pp(u. .5h): 24 = pp(.6w. 0): zj = (tu - 271. 0): pd zl: draw zl . . 22 . . 23 . . 24 --- 2s: O/C arc z6 = pp(.5[u. xj], .4h): pd 26; pd 25: draw z6 -- (pp(z5. 7~6))-- zj: % spur endchar: beginpunkchar(I1H",14, 1. .5): zl = pp(2u. 0): zz = pp(2u, h): z3 = ppjw - 2u. 0): 24 = pp(w - h): zg = pp(2u. .6h): 26 = pp(w - 2u. .6h): pd zl; pd 22: pd 23: pd 24: draw zl -- 22: draw flex(z3. 26. 24): % sterns pd zg; draw 25 - - 26: '% crossbar endchar: beginpunkchar ("I", 5. 1. 2): zl = pp(.5w. 0): z2 = (.5w. 1/3h); 23 = (.57~.2/3h): 24 = (.5w. h): pd zl; pd 24: draw flex(z1. 22, 23, 24); endchar: beginpunkchar (" J" , 9, 1.2): zl = pp(w - 2u. h); z2 = pp(w - 2u, -.lh): z3 = pp(u, 0): pd 21: pd z3: draw zl -- ZL - - 23: % ar(, endchar: 160 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 beginpunkchar("K", 14%1. 2): zl = pp(2u. 0). z2 = pp(2u. h): z3 = pp(3z~.1/3h); 24 = ppju: - 1.5~.h): pd zl: pd z2: draw zl - - 22: % stem pd 2~:pd z4: draw z3 -- 24: % upper diagonal z6 = pp(~- U. 0): zj = 1/3[z3. 241: pd 56: draw fl~x(z5..8[21. 2/3[=5. 2611. 26): % lower diagonal endchar: beginpunkchar("lH.11. 1. 2): 21 = pp(2~.h): z2 = pp(211. 0): z3 = pp(z: - 1.5~.0): pd zl; pd z3; draw zl -- z2 -- ~3: 9% stem and arm endchar: beginpunkcharj"~".17. .3. 2): zl = ~1p(2u.0); ~2 = pp(2~.h): zj = pp(.5~.0): 21 = pp(~- 2~. h): 25 = pp(72 - 2~,0); pd zl: pd 25: draw zl --22 --~3--21 --zj: '% stems and diagonals endchar: beginpunkchar("N". 13. .75. 2). zl = pp(2u. 0): z2 = pp(2u. h): z3 = pp(1u - 2u. 0). z4 = pp(w - 211, h); pd zl; pd 24: draw zl - - z.7 - - 23 - - 24: % sterns and diagonals endchar: beginpunkchar("OH.12. .5. 2); zl = pp(.5w. h): z2 = pp(11. ,531): z3 = pp(.5~.0): z4 = pp(u>- u, .55h): pd 21: draw zl{l(~ft). . z2 . . z3 . . 24 . . zl: % bowl endchar: beginpunkchar("PM.13. 1. 21: zl = pp(221. 0): z2 = pp(2u. 1.lh): z3 = pp(2u. .511): 24 = pp(w. .6[y3. y2]). pd zl: pd 23; draw zl - - z2 - - z4 - - z3: % stem and bowl endchar: beginpunkchar("4". 14. .5. 2): zl = pp(.5w, h): zz = pp(1~..53h): z~ = pp(.5ic. 0): zl = pp(w - u. .Xh): pd zl: draw zl {cl~rl2) . 22 . . 23 . . z4 . . 21: 94 bowl zj = pp(.4u. .2h); z6 = pp(u - u. -.lh): 27 = pp(.5[xj. r6].-.2h). pd zg: pd 26: draw 55 ---77 --z6: % tail endchar: beginpunkchar("R". 16. 1. 2): 21 = pp(2~.0): 22 = pp(2~.h): ~3 = pp(1~'- U. .6Iv2,~41): 24 = pp(2u. .5h): 25 = P~(W- 1.5~.0): pd zl: pd 22: pd z5: draw z1 -- flex(z2. ZJ. zq) -- as: O/C stem. bowl. and diagonal endchar: beginpunkchar("S1',11. .3. 1): zl = pp(w - 2ts, .9h): 22 = pp(.57~'.12): z3 = pp(u. ,711): z4 = 6[z6.221: ~j = pp(u, - u..35h); zc = pp(.3lc. u): z7 = pp(u. .2h): pd zl; pd z7: draw zl -- 22 . . . zj . z4 . . z5 . . . z6 -- z7; % strokr endchar: beginpunkchar ("T".13. .75. 2): zl = pp(~,h): 22 = pp(~- U. h): 23 = pp(.5~.0): pd zl: pd 22: pd z3: draw zl -- 22: % arms draw .5[zl. 221 - - 23. % stem endchar: begin punk char("^". 13. .3. 2): zl = pp(21~.h): z2 = pp(2u. .2h): 23 = pp(.5rc. 0): z4 = pp(u - 271. .2h); zj = pp(w - 2u. h): pd zl: pd 2~:draw zl --- z2 ... zj{z4 - z2) ... 24 --- 25: '% stroke endchar: TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 beginpunkchar("V", 13, 1. 2): zl = pp(l.5~.h): zz = pp(.5w, 0): z3 = pp(w - 1.5~.h): pd zl: pd 23; draw z1 - - z2 - - z3: % diagonals endchar: beginpunkchar ("W",18. 1. 2): zl = pp(l.h, h); z2 = pp(.5[z1. x3]. 0); 23 = pp(.5w. .8h): z4 = PP(.~[X~.xj], 0); zj = pp(u~- 1.521. h); pd zl; pd zj: draw zl -- 22 - - z3 - - z4 -- zj: % diagonals endchar; beginpunkchar("Xn,13, 1, 1); zl = pp(l.5~.h): z2 = pp(w - 1.5~.0): z3 = pp(l.5~0); z4 = pp(w - 2.5~.h); pd zl: pd z2: draw zl -- z2: % main diagonal pd 23: pd z4: draw z3 -- z4; % cross diagonal endchar: beginpunkchar("Y". 13. 1. 2): zl = pp(1.5~.h); 22 = pp(w - l.h, h); z3 = pp(.5ui. .5h); zj = pp(.5w. 0); pd zl: pd z2; pd z4: draw zl -- z3 -- 24; '% stem and left diagonal draw z2 - - z3: % right diagonal endchar; beginpunkchar ("Z". 11. 1. 2): zl = pp(l.5~.h): z2 = pp(w - 2.5u, h); z~ = pp(l.5u, 0); z4 = PP(W - 1.321. 0): pd 21: pd 24: draw zl - - z2 -- z3 -- z4: % diagonals endchar; (It slowed me down a little to type the comments that identify the strokes. But such comments are erlornlously valuable when characters are being revised, so I knew that I should include than right from the beginning.) Three of the letters go into a special file, PUNKAE.MF, because the character codes of these uppercase letters have a nonstandard relation to the character codes of the corresponding lowercase equivalents: beginpunkchar(oct "035":16: 1, 2): % IE zl = pp(l.5~~0); z2 = pp(.6w, h): z3 = pp(w - 1.5.u, h); pd zl; pd 2-31 draw zl -- zz -- 23; % left diagonal and upper arm 24 = pp.3[zl, z2]; 25 = pp(.6w. 0); ~6 = pp(w - 2u. .3h); pd ~4;pd ~6;draw 24 -- 26: % crossbar z7 = pp(u1 - u, 0); pd z2: pd z7; draw 22 -- zj -- z7: % st,em and lower arm endchar: beginpunkchar (oct "036". 18, 1. 2); %ICE zl = pp(.5w, h); 22 = pp(u: .4h); z3 = pp(.5w. 0); pd 21; draw zl . . 2-2 . . {right}za: 94 bowl Zq = pp(W - l.h, h,); 25 = pp(W - 2~..4h): 26 = pp(w - U: 0); pd z4; pd zg; draw z4 -- zl -- z3 -- 26; % arms and st,enl pd zj: draw zj -- .4[z3zl]; % crossbar endchar; beginpunkchar(oct "037", 14, 1: 1): % c3 zl = pp(.5w, h); z2 = pp(u. .5h); z3 = pp(.5w, 0); 24 = pp(w - u: .5h); zj = pp(w - 2u, 1.lh); zs = pp(2u. -.lh); pd zl; pd z6; draw zl . . z2 . . z3 . . 24 . . zj -- z6; % bowl and diagonal endchar: There's also a special file PUNKSL .MF for lowercase letters with no matching uppercase:
beginpunkchar(oct "02OU, 5. 1, 2): % dotless I zl = pp(.5w. 0); z2 = (.5w. 1/3h); z3 = (.5w. 2/3h): zq = (.5w, h): pd zl: pd z4: draw flex(zl. 22. 23, 24); % stem endchar: 162 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 beginpunkchar (oct "021".9. 1. 2): % dotless J zl = pp(u1 - 211. h): 22 = pp(u: - 2u. -.lh): 23 = pp(u. 0): pd 21: pd z3: draw zl -- z2 -- 23: % arc endchar: beginpunkchar(0ct "031".18. .3. 1): 70 German sharp S = pp(.5u; - u. .9h). z2 = pp(l/~u~.h): 23 = pp(u. .7h): z~ = .6[26, 221; zj = pp(.5u>..35h): z~ = pp(ll31x.u): 27 = pp(u. .2h); pd zl: pd 27; draw zl -- z2 . . . z3 . . z~ . . 25 . . . zc -- 27; % left stroke for z = 1 upto 7: 2[z + 101 = pp(z[z] shifted (.5w - u. 0)): endfor pd zll: pd zI7: draw zll -- 212 . . . 213 . . zla . . 215 . . . 216 -- 217: % right stroke endchar:
The uppercase Greek letters in file PUNKG .MF may have a slightly different style than those of PUNKL, because I wrote them two years later. Is there an obvious difference? beginpunkchar (oct "000".11. 1, 2); % I- 21 = pp(2u. 0); 22 = pp(2~.h); 23 = pp(w - l.h,h): pd zl; pd 23: draw 21 -- 22 -- 23: % stem and arm endchar: beginpunkchar(oct "OOI",15, 1. 2). %A zl = pp(u. 0); 22 = pp( 5~7.h); 23 = pp(w - u, 0): pd zl; draw zl - - z2 . . teris~ori5 . . z3 . . tension 5 . . zl: % triangle endchar: beginpunkcharjoct "002",15, .5. 2); % 0 21 = pp(.5w. h): z2 = pp(u. .6h): z3 = pp(.5w. 0): z4 = pp(w - u, .6h); pd zl: draw zl . . tension .8 . . z2 . . z3 . . z4 . . tension .8 . . 21: % bowl z5 = ppjx2 + 2u, .4h); z6 = pp(z4 - 2u. .4h); pd z5; pd 26: draw z~ -- 2s: % bar endchar; beginpunkchar (oct "003".12, 1, 2): %A zl = pp(u, 0): 22 = pp(.5w. h): 23 = pp(w - u, 0); pd zl; pd z3; draw zl - - 22 - - z3; % diagonals endchar: beginpunkchar(oc.t "004",12. 1, 1): % E
zl = pp(u h); z2 = pp(w - u. h); pd zl: pd 22; draw z1 -- zz: % upper arm z3 = pp(2u. .55h); z4 = pp(w - 2u. .55h): pd z3; pd 254; draw z3 -- 24; % bar z5 = pp(u. 0): z6 = pp(w - u. 0); pd 25: pd zs; draw zj -- z~; % lower arm endchar: beginpunkchar(oct "005".13. 1. .5): CT~n zl = pp(l.5~.0); z2 = pp(1.5~.h): 23 = pp(w - 1.5~.h): z4 = pp(w - 1.5~.0): pd zl: pd 24: draw zl -- z2 - - z3 - - 24: % stems and bar endchar; beginpunkchar (oct "006",13.1.1): % C zl = pp(w - u, h); z:, = pp(u. h): 23 = pp(.5w - u, .5h); z4 = pp(u, 0); zj = pp(u1 - u. 0): pd zl; pd 25; draw zl -- ~2{.5[z~.z~]-~~}.. 23 --~4 --~j. % arms and diagonals endchar: beginpunkchar(oct "007".15. 1, .5): 9% I- zl = pp(~..8h): ~2 = ~p(.3~.h): 23 = ppj.5~..5h); ~4 = pp(.5~.0): pd zl: pd 24: draw zl . . 22 . . tension 2 . . 23 --- zq. % left arc and stem zg = pp(w - u. .8h); as = pp(.7w, h); pd z5; draw zj . . zs . . tension 2 . . {z4 - ~~1%; % right arc endchar: TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), NO. 2 163 beginpunkchar (oct "01OU,13, 1, 2): zl = pp(.5w, h): z2 = pp(.5w. 0): pd zl: pd z2: draw z1 -- 22: z3 = pp(.5w. 2/3h): zq = pp(u. .5h): z5 = pp(.5w. 1/4h): z6 = pp(w - u. .5h); pd 23: draw z3 . . z4 . . zs . . a6 . . z3: $4 bowl endchar: beginpunkchar(oct "Oil", 14. 1. 1); O/( QJ zl = pp(.Sw, h): z2 = pp(.Sw. 0); pd zl: pd z;?: draw zl -- zz: 70 stem z3 = pp(u, .8h); z4 = pp(.5w. .2h); z5 = pp(w - U, .8h): pd 23: pd 25: draw z3{.4[z1. z;?]- z3) . . ~{~zght). . {zj - .A[zl. z;?])zj: % stroke endchar: beginpunkchar(oct "012", 13, 1. 2): zl = pp(w. 0): 22 = pp(l/3w, 0): z3 = pp(~.2/3h); zq = pp(.5w. h): zj = pp(w - 11. 2/3h): Z6 = pp(;?/3~.0): 27 = pp(w - 11, 0); pd zl: pd z7: draw z1 -- z2{up) . . z3 . . z4 . . zg . . {~OWR)Z~-- z7: %, bowl and arms endchar: -- The next program file, PUNKD .MF.defines the ten punk digits. I ran out of tinw while typing this. io the comments at the end are somewhat uninspired:
beginpunkchar ("0". 9. .5, 1): zl = pp(.5w, h): z;? = pp(u. .55h); z3 = pp(.5w, 0); z4 = pp(w - u. .55h): pd zl: draw zl{curl 2) . . z2 . . 23 . . 14 . . 21: 94 bowl endchar: beginpunkchar (" I", 9. .3. 1): zl = pp(2u. .7h): z2 = pp(.6w. h); z3 = pp(.6w. 0): pd zl; pd 23; draw zl -- z;? -- z3; % serif and stem endchar; beginpunkchar ("2". 9. 1, 1); zl = pp(2u. .7h); z;? = pp(.Sw, h); z3 = pp(w - u. .6h); z4 = pp(u. 0): z5 = PP(W- 2u. 0). pd zl: pd 25: draw zl . . z2 . . z3 . . z4 -- 25: '3 stroke endchar: beginpunkchar ("3". 9. .5, .5): zl = pp(2u. .7h); z2 = pp(.5w. h): 23 = pp(w - u. .5[y2, ~41): z4 = pp(.5u) - u. .55h); 25 = pp(w - u, .5[y4, yfj]): 26 = pp(.5w, 0): zi. = pp(1.5~..2h): pd zl; pd z7: draw zl . . z;? . . z3 . . z4 & z4 . . 25 . . z~ . . z7: % arcs endchar: beginpunkchar("4", 9, 1, 1); ZI = pp(w - u. .3h): 22 = pp(u, .3h); z3 = pp(2/3w, h): z4 = pp(2/3w. 0); pd 21: pd zq: draw zl - - z2 - - z3 - - 24: % stem arid diagonals endchar: beginpunkchar("5", 9. .5, .5): zl = pp(w - 2u, h): z2 = pp(2u. h); z3 = pp(u. .7h): z4 = pp(w - u. .5[y3. ~51): zj = pp(.5w. 0); z6 = pp(u. .2h); pdzl: pdz6: draw 21 --zz--z3 .. z4 ..z5 .. zs; 9% jotroke endchar: beginpunkchar ("6". 9. 1. 1):
zl = PP(~/~W,h); z2 = pp(u. .3h): z3 = pp(.5w. 0): zq = pp(w - u, .3h); 25 = pp(.6w, .6h): ~6 = pp.~2; pd zl: pd z6: draw ~1 . . 22 . . ~3 . . zq . . 7.5 -- 26: % stroke endchar; TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 beginpunkchar("7",9; .5, 1): zl = pp(2u. h); 22 = pp(w - .5u! h); z3 = pp(.4w, 0); pd zl; pd z3; draw zl -- z2 & z2 . . z3{down); % stroke endchar; beginpunkchar("8". 9, .5. .5); zl = pp(.5w, h); z2 = pp(u, .5[yl,~31): 23 = pp(.5w, .6h); z4 = pp(w - u. .5[y3.~51); z5 = PP(.~w,0); ~6 = PP(U, .5[~5,~31): z7 = PP(W - u. .5[y17~31): pd zl; draw zl {curl 8) . . z2 . . 23 . . z4 . . z5 . . zg . . z3 . . z7 . . 21; % stroke endchar; beginpunkchar ("9". 9. 1, 1): zl = pp(l/3~,0); z2 = pp(w - U. .7h): z3 = ~p(.5w.h): z4 = pp(u, .7h); zs = ~p(.5w,.4h): pd zl; pd z5: draw zl . . 22 . . 23 . . z4 . . z5; % stroke endchar; The program file PUNKP .MF defines "punk punctuation." This was one of the most difficult to write although most of the characters are very simple-because there are so DARN many punctuation marks. beginpunkchar (" . ", 5: 1, 2); pd pp(.5w, 0); % dot endchar: beginpunkchar(" ,";5, .5; .5): zl = pp(.5w, 0); zz = - U: -.lh); 23 = pp(.5wl-.3h); pd zl; pd z3; draw z1 -- a2 -- z3: % stroke endchar; beginpunkchar(":", 5, 1, .5): pd ~p(.5w.0); pd p~(.5~..4h): % dots endchar: beginpunkchar(" ; ", 5. .5. .5); zl = pp(.5w. 0); zz = pp(w - u. -.lh); 23 = pp(.5w. -.3h): pd zl; pd 23; draw zl -- a2 - - 23; % stroke pd pp(.5w, .4h); % dot endchar: beginpunkchar("! ", 5, .5, .5): pd pp(.5w. 0); % dot zl = pp(.5w, 1.05h); z2 = pp(.5w, .3h); pd zl: pd zz; draw z1 % stem endchar; ligtable " ! " : " ' " --: 0ct "016": % Spanish inverted ! % dot zl = pp(.5w, -.lh): z2 = pp(.5w, .6h): pd zl: pd z2: draw zl -- 22; % stem endchar: beginpunkchar ("?". 9, 1. .5): zl = pp(l.5~,.ah): za = pp(.5w, h): z3 = ~p(w- u, .8h); z4 = ~p(.5w..3h); pd zl: pd 24; draw zl . . z2 . . a3 . . {down)z4; % arc and stem pd PP(.~w.0); % dot endchar: ligtable " 7".. . " ' " -. oct "017": beginpunkchar (oct "017",9, 1, .5); % Spanish inverted ? zl = pp(l.5~..lh); z2 = pp(.5w. -.lh): 23 = pp(w - u. .lh): z4 = ~~(.5w..6h): pd zl; pd zq; draw zl . . zz . . 23 . . {up}z4: % arc and stem pd pp(.5w. .9h); % dot endchar; TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988),No. 2 beginpunkchar("&",14. .5. .5); zl = pp(w - 2u, h); z2 = pp(u. h): z3 = pp(3u. 0); zj = pp(w - u, .6h); zs = pp(w - 2u. 0): pd zl: pd zs; draw zl - - z2 - - z3 - - zs: % arms and sten1 draw zl -- .5[z2,z3]; pd z6; draw ze -- .6[23, 251: 'X diagonals endchar; beginpunkchar("$", 12, .5, .5): zl = pp(w - 1.511. .7h); z2 = pp(.5w, h); z3 = pp(u, .7h): 24 = .5[z3.zj]: z5 = pp(w - u, .3h): z6 = pp(.5w, 0): z7 = pp(u, .3h): pd zl: pd 27; draw zl . . 22 . . z3 . . z4 . . zs . . z6 . . z7: % stroke z8 = z2 + (0, .lh); pd z8: draw zg -- zs: % stern endchar: beginpunkchar("%",18, .5. .5); zl = pp(3.5~.l.lh); z2 = pp(u, Ah); 23 = pp(3.5~..5h): 24 = pp(6u. Ah); z5 = pp(w - 3.5~..5h); z6 = pp(u1 - 6u. .2h): z7 = pp(w - 3.5u, -.lh): zs = pp(w - u. .2h): pd zl; draw zl . . z2 . . z3 . . z4 . . zl; % upper bowl pd 25; draw z5 . . zc . . z7 . . z8 . . zs; % lower bowl z9 = pp(w - 3u, 1.lh); zo = pp(3u, -.lh): pd zo: draw zg -- zo: % diagonal draw zl{z5 - zl) . . zg: O/C link endchar; beginpunkchar ("a". 18, 1, .5); zl = pp(22, 0): z2 = PP(~/~w,.7h): z3 = pp(w - Gu, 0): zq = pp(w, .3h): zj = pp(l/3~,h); zg = pp(~,.5h); 27 = .7[za. ~31. pd zl; pd z7; draw zl -- zz -- z3{rzght) . . zq . . zg . . zg . . z7: % diagonals and stroke endchar; beginpunkchar("-", 7, .5, .5): zl = pp(u, .4h); z2 = pp(w - u. .5h): pd zl; pd 22: draw zl -- z2; % bar endchar; ligtable II -u: II -II -. oct "173"; beginpunkchar (oct " 173", 9. .5. .5): 9') zl = pp(0, .5h): z2 = pp(w, .4h); pd zl; pd z2: draw zl -- 22. % ba~ endchar: ligtable oct "173": "-" =: oct "174": beginpunkchar (oct " 174", 18, .5, .5): % - zl = pp(0. .5h); z2 = pp(w. .4h): pd zl; pd 22: draw z1 -- z2: % bar endchar: beginpunkchar("+",9, .5, 1): zl = pp(0, .5h); z2 = pp(w, .5h); pd zl: pd 22: draw zl -- 22: % bar z3 = pp(.5w, .lh); z4 = pp(.5w, .9h); pd z3; pd zq; draw z3 -- 24; % stern endchar; beginpunkchar("*",13, .5, 1); zo = pp(.5w, l.lh); zl = pp(u, .gh): z2 = pp(2u. .3h): 23 = pp(w - U, .3h); z4 = pp(w - U. .9h): pd zo; draw zo - - 22 . . 1/3[.5[z2.241, ZO] . . z4 - - z1 - - z3 - - ZO; %I star endchar: beginpunkchar(" ' ", 5, .3, .5); zl = pp(1.5u, h); z2 = pp(w - u, .85h); z3 = pp(u, 2/3h); pd zl; pd z3; draw zl - - 22 -- z3; 7~stroke endchar; ligtable " ' " . " ' " -. oct "042"; TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 beginpunkchar(oct "042". 9, .3, .5): %" z1 = pp(.5w - .5u, h): z2 = ~p(u..6h): z3 = pp(w - u. .95h); pd zl: pd 23: draw 21 -- z2 -- z3; '76 stroke endchar: beginpunkchar(" ' ", 5, .3. .5); zl = pp(w - 1.5~.h): 22 = pp(u. .83h); 23 = pp(w - u, 2/3h); pd zl. pd 23: draw zl - - z2 - - 23: % stroke endchar: ligtable " ' " : " ' " -. oct "134": beginpunkchar(oct "I%", 9. .3. .5); % !: zl = pp(.5w + .5~.h); 22 = pp(w - u. .6h); 23 = ~p(u,.95h): pd 21: pd 23: draw zl - - 22 - - z3: % stroke endchar: beginpunkchar(oct "015", 9, .3. .5); % ' zl = pp(.5w, h); z2 = pp(.5w, .6h); pd zl; pd z2: draw zl -- z2; '% stem endchar: beginpunkchar(" (", 7. .5, .5); zl = pp(w - u. h); 22 = pp(u. .5h): z3 = pp(w - u, 0); pd zl; pd z3; draw zl . . z2 . . 23: % stroke endchar: beginpunkchar(") ", 7, .5, .5); 21 = pp(u, h); z2 = pp(w - u, .5h): 23 = pp(u, 0); pd zl; pd z3: draw zl . . zz . . 23: % stroke endchar: beginpunkchar(" C", 8, .5. .5): 21 = pp(~- u. h): t2 = pp(.5w, h): 23 = P~(.~w.0); z4 = pp(w - u. 0); pd zl: pd 24: draw zl - - 22 - - z3 - - 24: % bars and stern endchar: beginpunkchar("] ", 8, .5. .5); zl = pp(u, h); z2 = pp(.5w. h); z3 = pp(.5w. 0); z4 = ~p(u,0). pd zl; pd z4; draw zl - - zz - - 23 - - 24; % bars and stem endchar; beginpunkchar("<". 9, .5. .5); zl = pp(w - u. .9h); 22 = pp(u. .5h); z3 = pp(w - u. .lh); pd ZL: pd z3: draw zl -- z2 - - z3: % diagonals endchar: beginpunkchar(">",9, .5, .5); zl = pp(u. .9h); z2 = pp(w - u. .5h); z3 = pp(u. .lh): pd zl; pd z3; draw zl -- z2 - - 23: % diagonals endchar; beginpunkchar ( "=", 9, .5. .5): z5 = pp(u, 2/3h); z6 = pp(w - u. 2/3h): pd 25; pd z6: draw z5 -- 26; % upper bar ZT = pp(u, 1/3h); z8 = pp(w - u. 1/3h); pd 27; pd zg; draw z7 -- 2%; % lower bar endchar: beginpunkchar("#". 15, .5, 3); zl = pp(.5w, h): 22 = pp(3u, 0); 23 = pp(w - 3u, h); 24 = pp(.5w, 0): pd z2; pd 23; draw 23 -- zl -- 22; draw t3 -- z4 -- 22: % diagonals (linked) z5 = pp(u. 2/3h): z6 = pp(w - u. 2/3h); pd z5; pd z6: draw z5 -- 26; % upper bar z7 = pp(u, 1/3h): zs = pp(w - u,1/3h); pd 27; pd zg; draw 27 -- zg; % lower bar endchar; TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 167 beginpunkchar ("/". 9. 1, 1); zl = pp(l.5~.-.05h); z2 = pp(w - 1.5~.1.05h): pd zl; pd 22: draw zl -- 22: % diagonal endchar; beginpunkchar(0ct "013", 12. .5, .5); 9% 7. zl = pp(~..7h); z2 = pp(.5w. h); z3 = pp(w - u..7h): z4 = pp(.5w. 0); pd zl; pd 23: pd z4: draw zl -- zz -- z4: draw z3 - - 22: 9% stem and diagonals endchar; beginpunkchar(oct "014", 12. .5. .5); % 4. zl = pp(u, .3h); zz = pp(.5w. 0): z3 = pp(w - u. .3h); z4 = pp(.5w. h): pd zl; pd 23; pd z4; draw zl -- zz -- 24: draw 23 -- 22: '% stem and diagonals endchar; The final program file. PUNKA .MF,defines accents in a form that Tm likes. The input \def\AA{\accent'27A) {\AA)ngel\aa\ Beatrice Claire Diana \'Erica Fran\c{c)oise Ginette H\'el\'ene Iris Jackie K\=aren {\L)au\.ra Mar{\'\i)a N\HCa)ta{\l){\u\i)e {\O)ctave Pauline Qu\-eneau Roxanne Sabine T\"a{\'\j)a Ur\v{s)ula Vivian Wendy Xanthippe Yv{\o}nne Z\"azilie causes accents to be positioned as follows, in the font PUNKSL20:
(Notice that the macro \AA needs to be redefined. but the other accents of plain 'I$$work without change.) Here is the way accents are drawn:
beginpunkchar(oct It022", 9, 1, 1); % ' zl = pp(2.5~.h); z2 = pp(.6w, .8h); pd zl; pd z2; draw zl -- 22; % diagonal endchar; beginpunkchar(0ct "O23", 9, 1, 1): % ' zl = pp(w - 2.5u, h); z2 = pp(.4w, .8h); pd zl; pd z2: draw zl -- 22: % diagonal endchar; beginpunkchar(0ct "136", 13, 1, 1); zl = pp(2.5~..8h); zz = pp(.5w. h); z3 = (W- 2.5~.8h); pd zl; pd 23; draw zl - - 22 - - 23: % diagonals endchar; beginpunkchar(oct "024". 13. 1, 1); zl = pp(2.5u, .9h); z2 = pp(.5w. .7h); z3 = pp(w - 2.5~..9h); pd zl; pd 23; draw zl - - z2 - - z3; % diagonals endchar; TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 beginpunkchar (oct " O25", 11, 1, 1); %" zl = pp(2u. h); z2 = pp(.5w, .75h); z3 = pp(w - 2u. h); pd zl: pd 23: draw flex(z1, zz. 23): % stroke endchar; beginpunkchar (oct "O26", 12, 1. 1): % - zl = pp(u. .8h); z2 = pp(w - u. .8h); pd zl; pd z2: draw zl -- z2; % bar endchar: beginpunkchar (oct "l37", 5. 1. 1); %' pd pp(.5w. .9h): % dot endchar: beginpunkchar(oct " li'i'", 13, 1, 1); % " pd pp(l/w, .9h); pd PP(~/~w..9h): % dots endchar: beginpunkchar(oct "176", 13. 1. 1); % - zl = pp(u. .75h): z2 = pp(w - u, .9h): pd zl; pd zz: draw zl{up) {~p)z2: % stroke endchar; beginpunkchar(oct " 175". 13, 1. 1): % " zl = pp(4u. 12): z2 = pp(2.5u, .7h): z3 = ~p(w- 2u. h); z4 = pp(w - 3.5~..7h): pd zl: pd z3: draw zl - - z2 - - z4 - - z3: % diagonals (linked) endchar; beginpunkchar (oct "027", 13. 0. 0); % Scandinavian loop. for A and 5 zo = (.5w. .66h); % point z2 of lowercase A zl = (.5w, .9h); draw zo{zo - (1.5u, 0)) . . zl . . {(w - 1.5~.0) - zo)zo: % loop endchar; beginpunkchar(oct "030". 13, .5. .5): % Cedilla. for zl = (.6w, 0); z2 = pp(.6w, -.lh); z3 = pp(2.5~.-.lh); pd z3: draw zl -- 22 -- 23: % stroke endchar: beginpunkchar(oct "040". 11. .5, .5); % Polish cross, for I, and 1 zl = pp(0, .25h); z2 = pp(4u, .4h); pd zl: pd z2; draw zl -- z2; % diagonal endchar: ligtable oct "040": "1" kern -charwd. "L" kern -charwd;
Bibliography [l] George Ade, Artie: A Story of the Streets and Town, 1896, Chapter 19 [2] Dashiell Hammett, The Maltese Falcon, 1930, Chapter 18. [3] Derek Jewell, music review in the Sunday Times, 28 November 1976, page 37. [4] Donald E. Knuth, The METRFONTbook, Addison-Wesley, 1986, page v. [5] Pablo Picasso. from his sketchbooks. (This drawing was later used as an illustration in Vollard's de luxe edition of Le Chef-d'auvre Inconnu by Honor4 de Balzac, 1931.) [6] William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act 2, Scene 2, lines 135-137. (The First Folio has the spelling 'Puncke'.) TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988). No. 2
series. The drivers all support graphics and include other special features such as use of resident fonts or landscape printing when supported by the individual printers. Printing on the Autologic -4PS-5 and p-5 photo- Output Devices typesetters with DVIAPS includes support of Autologic Don Hosek standard library fonts and logo processing. Bochum Ruhr Universitat Bochum. The device tables on the following pages list all Xorbert Schwarz, 49 234 700-4014 the device drivers currently known to TUG. Caltech California Institute of Technology, Some of the drivers indicated in the tables are con- Chuck Lane, Bitnet: CELQCITHEX sidered proprietary. Most are not on the standard Canon Canon Tokyo. Masaaki Nagashima, distribution tapes: those drivers which are on the (03)753-2111 distribution tapes are indicated in the listing of sources below. To obtain information regarding Carleton Carleton University. Yell Holtz, 613-231-7145 an interface) if it is supposed to be included in a standard distribution, first try the appropriate CMU Carnegie-Mellon University. Howard Gayle. site coordinator or distributor: otherwise request 412-578-3042 information directly from the sites listed. Columb. Columbia University. Frank da Cruz. The codes used in the charts are interpreted 212-280-5126 below, with a person's name given for a site when COS COS Information. Gilbert Giugras. that information could be obtained and verified. 514-738-2191 If a contact's name appears in the current TUG DEZ Digital Equipment Corporation. John Sauter, membership list, only a phone number or network 603-881-2301 address is given. If the contact is not a current TUG The LN03 driver is on the VAX/VMS distribution member, the ful! address and its source are shown. tape. When information on the drivers is available, it is ENS Ecole Normale Superieure, Chantal Durand. included below. Centre de Calcul, Ecole Normale Superieure, Screen previewers for multi-user computers are 45 rue dlUlm, 75005 Paris, France listed in the section entitled "Screen Previewers" . If GA Tech G-4 Technologies a source has been listed previously under "Sources", GMDl Gesellschaft fiir Mathematik und then a reference is made to that section for names Datenverarbeitung, Federal Repubiic of Germany, of contacts. Ferdinand Hommes, Bitnet: GrztexQDbngmd21. Corrections, updates, and new information for 0228-303221 the list are welcome; send them to Don Hosek. GMD2 Gesellschaft fiir Mathematik Bitnet DhosekQHmcvax (postal address, page 115). und Datenverarbeitung, Federal Republic of Germany, Dr. Wolfgang Appelt. Sources uucp: seismo!unido!gmdzi!zi.gmd.dbp.de!appelt Heidelb'g University of Heidelberg, ACC Advanced Computer Communications. Federal Republic of Germany. Joachim Lammarsch, Diane Cast, 720 Santa Barbara Street, Santa Barbara, Bitnet: Rz92QDhdurdzl CA 93101, 805-963-9431(DECUS, May '85) HMC Harvey Mudd College, Don Hosek, Adelaide Adelaide University, Australia Bitnet: DhosekQYmir The programs listed under Adelaide have been sub- mitted to the standard distributions for the appropriate HP Hewlett-Packard. Stuart Beatty, 303-226-3800 computers. The PostScript driver permits inclusion of INFN INFN/CNAF, Bologna, Italy, Maria Luisa PostScript files in a file. The driver is described in Luvisetto, 51-498286,Bitnet: MiLtexQIboinfn TUGboat, Vol. 8>No. 1. The CNAF device drivers are on the VAX/VMS AMS American Mathematical Society, Barbara distribution tape. Beeton, 401-272-9500Arpanet: BNBQSeed. AMS. corn Interg'ph Intergraph, hfike Cunningham, Arbor ArborText, Inc., Bruce Baker) 313-996-3566, 205-772-2000 Arpanet: BwbQArbortext . Com JDJW JDJ Wordware, John D. Johnson, ArborText's software is proprietary and ranges in 415-965-3245,Arpanet: M. JohnQSierra. Stanf ord.Edu price from $150 to $3000. The drivers for Postscript Kettler Kettler EDV Consulting, P. 0. Box 1345, printers, the HP LaserJet Plus, the QMS Lasergrafix. D-8172 Lenggries, Federal Republic Germany, and Imagen printers are part of their DVILASER t49 8042 8081 170 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
The LaserJet driver supports graphics inclusion in PPC Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, Charles device dependent format. PK font files are used. This Karney, Arpanet: KarneyKPPC .MFENETQNMFECC. ARPA program is proprietary. Contact Kettler for further Versatec output from T~Xspoolis produced via the information. NETPLOT program. T~Xspoolalso produces output LaserPrint LaserPrint. P. 0. Box 35, D-61'51 for the FR80 camera. Color and graphics primitives are Frankisch Crumbach. Federal Republic Germany, supported through specials. $49 6164 4044 Procyon Procyon Informatics, Dublin, Ireland, The driver supports graphics inclusion in device John Roden, 353-1-791323 dependent format. PK font files are used. This RTI Research Triangle Institute, Randy Buckland, program is proprietary. Contact LaserPrint for further Arpanet: rcbQrti .rti.org information. The program is available in the comp . sources .misc LLL Lawrence Livermore Laboratory archives on Arpanet and Usenet. LSU Louisiana State University. Neal Stoltzfus, Saar Universitat des Saarlandes, Saarbriicken, 504-388-1570 Federal Republic of Germany, Prof. Dr. Reinhard Milan1 Universiti Degli Studi Milan. Italy, Wilhelm. uucp: wilhelm@sbsvax .WCP Dario Lucarella, i32/23.62.441 SARA Stichting Acad Rechenzentrum Amsterdam, Milan2 Universita Degli Studi Milan, Italy, Han Noot, Stichting Math Centrum, Giovanni Canzii, 02123.52.93 Tweede Boerhaavestraat 49, 1091 AL Amsterdam (see TUGboat, Vol. 5, No. 1) MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chris Lindblad, MIT A1 Laboratory, 617-253-8828 Scan Scan Laser, England, John Escott, The drivers for Symbolics Lisp machines use the $1 638 0536 Symbolics Generic Hardcopy interface as a back end, so Sci Ap Science Applications, San Diego, CA, it should work oil any printer that has a driver written 619-458-2616 for it. The printers listed in the table indicate drivers SEP Systemhaus fiir Elektronisches Publizieren, the program has been tested on. Robert Schoninger. Arndtstrasse 12, 5000 Koln, The uNIx drivers for Postscript and QMS printers Federal Republic of Germany both support landscape printing and graphics inclusion DVIP400 uses PXL files. Landscape printing is via specials. supported in all versions and graphics inclusion in all MfAE Max-P!anck-Institut fur Aeronomie. but the IBM PC version. Source is available on request. I-:. Kopka, (49) 556-41451. Bitnet: Mio40LQD606wd01 Cost varies from 300-1848DM. MR Math Reviews. Dan Latterner. 313-996-5266 Stanford Stanford University NLS Northlake Software, David Kellerman, The Imagen driver from Stanford is present on 503-228-3383 most distributions as the file DVIIMP.WEB. It provides The VAXIVMS Imagen driver supports graphics. limited graphics ability. OCLC OCLC. Thom Hickey. 6565 Frantz Road, Sun Sun, Inc. Dublin, OH 43017, 616-764-6075 Sydney University of Sydney, Alec Dunn, OSUl Ohio State University, John M. Crawford, (02) 692 2014, ACSnet: alecdQfacet . ee.su.02 614-292-1741. Bicnet: TsOl35QOhstvma, Talaris Talaris, Rick Brown, 619-587-0787 Internet. Crawf ord-jQOhlo-state .Edu All of the Talaris drivers support graphics. OSU2 Ohio State University. Ms. Marty Marlatt. T A&M1 Texas A&M, Bart Childs, 409-845-5470, Department of Computer and Information Science. Csnet: ChildsaTAMU 2036 Neil Avenue. Columbus. OH 43210 Graphics is supported on the Data General drivers The drivers are distributed on either ANSI or for the Printronix, Toshiba, and Versatec on the Data TOPS-20 DUMPER tapes, with hardcopy documenta- General MV. On the TI PC, graphics is supported tion There is a $125 service charge (payable to Ohio on the Printronix and Texas Instruments 855 printers. State University) to cover postage, handling, photo- There are also previewers available for both the Data copying, etc. General and the TI. Pers Personal w,Inc., Lance Carnes, T A&M2 Texas A&M, Ken Marsh! 409-845-4940, 415-388-8853 Bitnet: KMarshQTAMNIL Graphics output is supported on Imagen. Post- T A&M3 Texas A&M, Norman Naugle, Script, and QMS prxiter: 409-845-3104 Philips Phllips Kommunikations Industrie AG, The QMS driver supports inclusion of QUIC graph- TEKADE Fernmeldeanlagen, Attn Dr. J. Lenzer, ics commands via specials as well as landscape printing. Thurn-und-Taxis-Str., D-8500 Kurnberg, T A&M4 Texas A&M, Thomas Reid, 409-845-8459, Federal Republic Germany. +49 911 5262019 Bitnet: X066TRQTAMVM1 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988)' No. 2
The mrox package includes a GF/PK/PXL to U Shef University of Sheffield: England. Xerox font converter (PXLrox2), and utility to build Ewart Xorth. (0742)-78555. ext. 4307 TFM files from licensed Xerox fonts (Xetrix). The Utah University of Utah, Nelson H. F. Beebe. programs are all written in C. Fonts not present on the 801-581-5254. Arpanet: BeebeQScience .Utah.edu Xerox printers can be printed as bitmaps on printers All of the Beebe drivers are distributed together. with the graphics handling option (GHO). They are available on IBM PC-DOS floppy disks At present the mroxpackage is being distributed (about 6), or 1600bpi 9-track tape in TOPS-10120 on a twelve-month trial basis; the trial is free for BACKUP/DUMPER format. VAY/VMS BACKUP for- U.S. educational and government institutions. $100 for mat, Unix tar format. and ANSI D-format. Send tape or foreign or commercial institutions. Licensing agreements disks for a copy. The programs are available for anony- will be available when the trial offer expires. mous FTP from SCIENCE.UTAH.EDU on the internet; THD Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, information is in the file PS :
files needed to run the previewer. The image must be Screen Previewers - Microcomputers and transferred using BINARY mode. Workstations
Screen Previewers - Multi User Systems s Apollo Arbor Data General MV . Uses GF, PK, and PXL files. Preview is available T A&M1 for $500. DEC-20 U I11 X-11 Windows System 0SU2 ASCII Output .Atari ST Utah BBN Bitgraph terminal Kettler HP9000/500 Tools
Utah BBN Bitgraph terminal m Cadmus 9200 .IBM MVS U Koln GMD GDDM supported devices: IBM 3179, 3192: m IBM PC 3193, and 3279 Arbor, Pers EGA, MCGA. UGA, Hercules, Milan1 Tektronix 4014 Olivetti, Tecmar, Genius full page, ETAP Neftis, .IBM VM/CMS Toshiba 3100, AT&T 6300 HMC Terminals connected through 7171 Protocol Uses GF. PK, and PXL files as well as tuned converters: Tektronix compatible. VT-640 compatible, Postscript fonts (the base set available with Postscript GDDM driven IBM 3179 and 3279 terminals, printers). Preview of integrated bit map graphics is GDDM driven Tektronix 816 supported. Preview is available for $175. DVIview may be obtained by sending $30 (to defray T A&M3 EGA, CGA, Hercules duplication costs), a blank tape, and a return mailer to The cdvi program is available for $175. Don Hosek. The program is still in the developmental IBM P@/RT stages: and enhancements will be made in the future. U I11 X-11 Windows The program uses PK files. m Integrated Solutions Wash St GDDM driven IBM 3179 and 3279 terminals UCIrvl Cses PXL files at l2Odpi. Allows viewing of Utah BBN Bitgraph the page in eight parts normal size or three parts m SUN compressed. Arbor W'mann IBM 3279, 3179-G Uses GF, PK, and PXL files. Preview is available Previewing is provided by DVI82, the Weizmann for $500. driver for the Versatec plotter. The program uses PXL files. UCB UNIX UCIrv2 Talaris Talaris 7800 U I11 X-11 Windows. Sunview Window System Uses GF. PK. and PXL files. Utah BBN Bitgraph rn Vaxstation/Unix U Wash1 DMD5620 Uses GF, PK, or PXL files at 118dpi. tplc output U Ill X-11 Windows is supported. The program consists of two parts: a Uses GF, PK, and PXL files. program running on the host computer and another Vaxstation/VMS that is downloaded to the terminal. Arbor GPX(CIS) .VAX VMS Uses GF, PK, and PXL files. Adelaide AED 512. ANSI-compatible. DEC ReGIS. Preview is available for $500. DEC VT100, DEC VT220, Tektronix 4014. INFN GPX(U1S) Visual 500. 550 Uses PXL files. Uses PK or PXL files. Philips GPX(U1S) INFN DEC ReGIS RTI GPX(U1S) Uses PXL files. Uses PK files at 78. 94 and 112dpi. Written in Talaris Talaris 7800 ADA. Source is included. Utah BBN Bitgraph Yale GPX(U1S) Uses PK files at 300dpi. Low-Resolution Printers on Multi-User Systems - Laser Xerographic, Electro-Erosion Printers
mdahl a l;Ec-lo EC-20 HP9000 IBM IBM IBM (MTS) Cyber General 500 MVS VM/CMS VM/UT! Lisp Agfa P400 SEP SEP Saar Saar SEP SEP
Canon Utah Canon Utah Utah
I I I I Utah Utah DEC NLS Procyon
Golden Laser 100 Utah Utah
HP LaserJet Plus Utah
I I I I I IBM 38xx. 4250, Sherpa I I I lrnagen Arbor TA&Ml Stanford Colurnb. Utah Arbor Arbor UBC Vander Utah W'rnann
THD
Arbor Arbor 3SU1 MIT Arbor Arbor Utah Carleton Sydney MIT Utah Utah QMS Lasergrafix Arbor U Wash2 TA&M1 TA&M2 Arbor Arbor 3SU1 GMDI MIT Arbor Arbor GMDl GMDl TA&M3 MIT GA Tech
I Talaris Talaris Talaris
Xerox Dover CMU
Xerox 270011 Bochum OSU2 Xerox ++ Xerox 9700 Arbor Arbor Arbor TA&M4 UDel ACC U Mich Arbor T A&M4 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988). No. 2 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
Why Should NOT Alignments, equations, and tables should be Output PostScript -Yet: Addendum reproducible. Shane Dunne The program should be fast and easy to use. University of Western Ontario The output should be directed to any ASCII device or to a file for screen editor viewing. [ Editor's note: The original article appeared in Volume 9, No. 1, pp. 37-39. The following adden- The result is a stripped down and rebuilt dum was received after the issue had been sent to dvigen model in-which many of the parts have the the printer.] same name and intended function, but the way the job is done has been altered dramatically. The lim- Insert at the end of the last full paragraph, page 38. ited character set and resolution of the simplest An example of such a precise specification can be ASCII device were chosen as the limits on the re- found in the documentation for the XI1 window sources available to vumin its generic form, but system under development at M.I.T. 131 it is adaptable to use any special abilities of partic- ular devices, such as overstrike and reverse imaging. Additional Reference: vumoffers the following features: [3] Gettys, J., Newman, R., and Schiefler, R.W. 0 Input is from a standard dvi file and font tfm Xlib: C Language X Interface Protocol Version files. 11. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lab- 0 Output is printable ASCII code which may be oratory of Computer Science, Cambridge, Mas- addressed to a file (for screen editor viewing) sachusetts, 1987. or to a device such as a terminal or lineprinter.
0 Fonts of all sizes and most styles are simu- lated. Many special characters are mapped onto ASCII characters which hint at their true meaning, e.g. S for S. Ligatures are repre- sented by the group of characters so that ffl ASCII Preview with vum appears as f f 1. Unrepresented characters are Warren Wolfe replaced with #. 0 Used fonts are ranked so that questions of The call for an ASCII previewer for w (Brown, overlays or overstrikes are resolved by prior- vo1.9, no.1, 1988) prompts me to report the re- ity. lease of just such a program. Created to reduce The process is fast. Typical output on a Hon- the edit - 'QjX - print cycle and the associated costs eywell DPS8 is 1024 processed characters per in time and laser produced output, the program has second with a 60 page, 167,000 character, doc- been tested and modified since January, 1988, and ument processed to a file in less than 3 min- has proven to be an effective tool in our trea- utes. sury. As the output device is nonspecific, ie., any Horizontal spacing may be selected to retain ASCII device, we have abandoned the usual dvigen the vertical alignment produced by (for name format and have given the program the name tables and equations) or to compress intenvord vuw. spacing (for ordinary text).
Features 0 Sub/superscripts may appear on different lines vuwwas developed from Rokicki's dvigen model than the base line. in a naive attempt to satisfy our own immediate 0 Output may be truncated at the right mar- needs for a previewer. Thus, the design model varies gin. The coarse resolution of the fixed pitch from that proposed by Brown, but nonetheless is font results in output that is wider than the justified in the manner in which it satisfies our own 80 characters on a typical terminal screen. design criteria: To avoid wraparound, the user can select the 1. Words, lines, paragraphs, and pages must ap- width of the printed output. Some terminals, pear as integral units as produced by w. and most printers, will print 132 characters to a line while many screen editors allow view- 2. Characters from special fonts and symbols ing of wide records with single key operations. should be represented in a meaningful way by Thus, vuwavoids the left-right-centre views ASCII characters. proposed by Brown. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 179
0 The source for vuwis webbed Pascal and is enough to hold all the characters. Thus. such words expandable and adaptable to various systems. may appear chopped or with omissions. Current versions are available for Honeywell Moderately large vertical motions in a line are CP6 and unix systems. interpreted as the creation of sub or superscripts. A new word is begun. usually on a new line. Indeed, Overview of vuw there may be subscripts to subscripts to superscripts This section is intended to rationalize the limitations with an initial base line. of vuwand to describe more fully some of the Once a word is complete, it is positioned on a options available. page array so that the leftmost character of the word 1. Initialization and Dialog. During the initial- is mapped onto its transformed dvi coordinates on ization. several default parameters are set. These the page. A companion priority array determines may be altered by the user through command line questions of overlays. input or a brief interaction with the program and Vertical and horizontal lines are constructed include: from I (bars) and - (dashes) respectively, and are given low priority so that more meaningful charac- starting page number; ters will not be overwritten. 0 number of pages to be printed; Note that there is no assumption about the se- 0 print width, i.e., the maximum number of quence of characters in the dvi file. The vuw characters across a line before truncation oc- "pen" can go back and fill in blank spaces on a page. curs; If the coordinates of a word or character are beyond 0 compression mode (as explained below). the edges of the page array, truncation will occur. The program normally will run silently and, if The top and left margins have offsets which may be the outplit is to a device other than the terminal, used for characters pushed into these spaces. only the processed page numbers will appear on the 5. Page Printing. Once a page is complete. the screen. array will consist of lines of words, often with sev- 2. Prescan. As in many dvi drivers, vuwmakes eral spaces between them. Most sub/superscripts two passes over the input file. In the prescan, all will appear on separate lines with a mapping ar- character and font usage is recorded. It is noted ray determining which are baselines and what lines that, in this implementation. \special is ignored. appear where. Typically, only lines with nonblank 3. Font Loading. The fonts used in the file are characters will be printed, but, if large blank ver- ranked according to their printability and the fre- tical spaces are to appear (for inserts or graphs), quency of usage. The font with the highest priority vu'w will attempt to display this by printing an is used to determine the horizontal resolution i.e., appropriate number of blank lines. the number of dvi units per single space on the out- If the user selects the true TEX mode, the page put device. The vertical resolution (dvi units per array is printed exactly as it was constructed. Ver- line) is calculated to place a maximum number of tical alignment of words is as determined by the dvi lines on a page. Although the character resolution file, but characters in a word are left justified in the is coarse, vuwmaintains the accuracy of a dual space provided so that gaps may appear between system of dvi units in all positioning. words. This mode is desirable when previewing ta- bles or equations, or when sub/superscripts are to 4. Page Construction. During the second pass, be retained. Example 1 demonstrates the output of vu?'E)C skips over any undesirable pages and creates vu?'E)C in this mode. each printed page separately. According to its font If the compress mode is selected, an effort is type, each character is mapped to an ASCII char- made to eliminate blank space so that the out- acter which is positioned in a word. A word is a put is narrower and a sense of the proper ratio of sequence of characters with no substantial horizon- black type to white space is presented. First, all tal or vertical space between elements. w provides associated sub/superscripts are squeezed into avail- a certain width of space (in dvi units) for the word, able space in the base line. Although this may be and vuT@ places the characters as left justified in modified later to preserve the off-the-line printing, that space. Spaces do not appear in words because vuw's current algorithm is unable to drag the as- of wider or narrower characters from proportional sociated sub/superscript along with the characters fonts. If a word consists of characters from a small in the base line as shifts are made to close the gaps. pitch font, the dvi space allocated might not trans- Thus, lines are compressed vertically first so that form to a space on the output device that is wide 180 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 off-the-line script may appear in the base line beside * if the line contains characters from fonts other the associated character or word. During horizontal than the priority font compression, the first word in each line retains its > if characters are missing from the line due to original spacing in the line so that left indentation truncation or overlays. is maintained. All other characters are shifted left A graded horizontal rule delimits each page or, so that a single space appears between words. Of for systems that support such, a top of form might course, this destroys most vertical alignment, and be sent. deliberate horizontal spacing disappears. However, the effect is often a more readable version, particu- Conclusion larly with ordinary text. See Example 2. VU~makes the preparation of TJ$ documents Finally, the page array is printed. Depending easy and inexpensive. Requirements for special on the page width selected by the user, the output graphics terminals or workstations are reduced and may be truncated at the right margin. The first every user on the system has access to a previewer. column is a key column which may contain: Inquiries should be addressed to the author at the + if the line is a superscript to a lower line Department of Mathematics, Royal Roads Military - if the line is a subscript to a higher line College, Victoria, B.C., Canada.
Example 1.
Page 168 of the T Xbook. - E
Example 2.
English words like 'technology' stem from a Greek root beginning with the lette *###...; and this same Greek word means art as well as technology. Hence the *name TE X, which is an upper case form of ###.
*Insiders pronounce the # of TE X as a Greek chi, not as a. 'x', so that TE X *rhymes with the word blecchhh. It's the 'ch' sound in Scottish words like loch *or German words like ach; it's a Spanish 'j' and a Russian 'kh'. When you say it correctly to your computer, the terminal may become slightly moist.
Page I of the TE Xbook. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
on the Cray Site Reports Bart Childs is now available on the Cray. I have done this Macintosh Site Report (Textures) implementation under the CTSS operating system using the old straightforward method of creating a Barry Smith WEB change file. The Cray Pascal is pretty good, Blue Sky Research even though it has a few restrictions. I assume Editor's note: Owing to an unfortunate error, this that it will be easiest to install it on other Cray report was omitted from the last issue of TUGboat. operating systems with another link step. It seems The news, though no longer new, is still important that many Cray systems never bothered purchasing to users of Textures. And a later development has Pascal. found Kellerman & Smith ending their joint venture There were two big problems: and forming two separate companies. Barry Smith 1. finding the right system calls to enable avoiding is now associated with Blue Sky Research, and the Cray record structure (absolute I/O had to David Kellerman, with Northlake Software. The be used), and text below has not been edited, so it should be read 2. coding our way around the flat file structure with these changes, and the delay, in mind. that has case sensitive variable names with a maximum of eight characters. We have two major pieces of news this month. The Cray implementation is working at Los Alamos First, Addison-Wesley has decided to withdraw and has been sent to Lawrence Livermore. By from the software business. Effective immedi- the time this is in print, we should have a stable ately, we at Kellerman and Smith will be assuming package ready for public distribution. an active role as the publisher of Textures. We A more detailed paper will be available soon believe this will result in better, faster service to that explains the design decisions that were made. Textures users. We have installed a direct-access Many people probably wonder, why bother Textures telephone line, 800-622-8398-please feel implementing TEX on a Cray? There is a simple, free to call if you have any questions or concerns we logical answer. Institutions that have a large can help resolve. number of professionals whose primary computing Second, we have released a new version of facility is a Cray, don't need these professionals Textures, version 1.01. This includes hundreds of learning another system interface. I found the small improvements, and fixes a printing problem CTSS interface to be about as oppressive as those introduced by Apple in the new System 5.0 release. in unix and MS-DOS. The flat file structure is much Textures 1.01 is faster at typesetting, twice as fast worse. at screen preview, and now can run in the I will serve as the Cray site coordinator unless background under the new MultiFinder system. someone else wants the job and informs us before To the best of our ability, we have directly the next meeting of the steering committee. notified all registered Textures users of the avail- ability of Textures 1.01. If you are a Textures user and have not heard from us already, please give us a call. In particular, if you have never returned a registration card, you should let us know that you exist and would like to be kept informed of updates. We apologize for any confusion caused by Data General Site Report the transfer of publishers. Bart Childs We have updated to TEX 2.9 and our standard distribution now uses the 64 bit TEX discussed in another article (see page 122). This is faster on systems that are not starved for memory. The output driver table has now been corrected; my apologies to Don Hosek for being so slow in keeping him posted. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
"end of line". On the systems with which I am Warnings & Limitations most familiar (DEC-20/TOPS-20 and VAX/VMS), the traditional end-of-line marker is an ASCII carriage-returnlline-feed pair ((crlf) or -M-J). In Controlling
sets. There are two ways to make a w The rule on the next-to-last line has taken on the file machine dependent, both mentioned in depth of the "p". the manual: (1) Name your files with local This is what he wanted: conventions that use something other than Name: letters and digits. (2) Use non-printing ASCII characters in your source files. Address: ... Some installations of TEX will accept TAB Telephone: characters (and treat them as spaces); others Best time to call will not. . . . See m: The Program, sec- tion 23; the xchr and xord can be different I can see two possible solutions. on different computers. Explicitly specify the depth; otherwise the . . . "environment" depth will be used. In the "cor- In other words, is working just as we rected version above, depth Opt was added. designed it. The users who expect identical Use leaders instead of a \vrule: behavior across machines have to abide by \leaders\hrule\hskip i5pc gives the same (1) and (2). result as the \vrule. I'm still not happy, because there is st,ill a problem. Actually, my correspondent had tried an \hrule More and more QX users are shipping files around first, but got the nasty message that leaders were to other sites, where they are to be wed to required in that context. Remembering that one generate copy for publication, or read, perhaps must always nest opposites (\mules in horizontal changed, and shipped on somewhere else. Not all mode, \hrules in vertical), and being too lazy to these locations will have identical hardware and look up how to use leaders, he simply switched to software, and, given the opportunity, Murphy's Law the \vrule. A reasonable approach. But there are always applies. a few things that one must remember not to take I don't have any good solution to this problem. for granted. The only (bad) solution I can think of is, if your system is one that handles this situation poorly, you should check every file for bare -Ms and fix them up before submitting the file to w. I would welcome a discussion of this problem by the implementors, since, although it appears to be a communications problem between disparate Macros systems, it does seem to bend the "same input, same output" principle that we've come to expect 'QX to follow. German w,a Next Step Rules can be a deep subject Peter Breitenlohner One of my correspondents sent me an interesting 1 The Present State puzzle a while ago. In what he thought was a simple As reported by Joachim Lammarsch (TUGboat use of a "fill-in" rule in an \halign, he suddenly 8(1987)304) and described in detail by Hubert Partl found that the rules varied in thickness. Here is the (TUGboat 9(1988)70-72) the German l$X Users preamble he was using: Group has agreed on a standard for a "Minimal \halip<# \hf ill Subset of German QX Commands" at its 6th &# \vrule width 12pc height .5pt \cr meeting in Miinster (Germany) last October. This ... 3 standard was, in fact, designed to a large extent and this is what he got: by Hubert Partl and the present implementation in Name: terms of m-macros is almost entirely his work. The basic idea is old: make " an active Address: character and define " as a macro with one argument such that the macro expansion yields whatever is Telephone: necessary. Best time to call TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
The present implementation has the advantage As far as multilingual TEX is concerned, it will of high portability since w. TFM files, (German) be a long time until it will (perhaps) be available for hyphenation patterns and GF/PX/PXL files all re- all kinds of computers. To make multilingual main unchanged. The only thing needed is a file available as public domain software would certainly GERMAN. TEX or GERMAN. STY which contains the nec- help this process. At present I see no point to invest essary macro definitions. In particular " is defined any work in this direction. to yield something like: 2 The Second Step "s + \char25
"a -+ \accent\charl27 a\allowhyphens Let me now discuss in detail how German TEX can "c -+ \discretionary make use of kerns and ligatures. These ligatures are (k-)i~Cc)\allowhyphens not, as for the French accents, straightforward ones "t + \discretionary but they are mostly artificial "trick ligatures". In (tt-)CHt3\allowhyphens order to work they must use (abuse) two characters
"I -+ \discretionary which are (at least in PLAIN and in I4mY) (-){)(\kern.O3em)\allowhyphens never accessed directly but only through control where o and u are treated like a (umlauts) and f , 1, sequences. For the moment let us denote them by m, n and others are treated like t (special German a and 0. \discretionarysj. This solution has. however. several disadvantages. First the \accents and 2.1 The Macros \discretionarys inhibit automatic hyphenation of First Partl's macro definitions are modified to yield: the full word, only the parts before and (due to "a - aaa \allowhyphens) after the \accent will be subject "c + cpp to m's hyphenation algorithm. The "Umlaut "t + tta accent" of the computer modern fonts does not "I - p yieid a really satisfactory German umlaut, not and similar for other characters. The a and ,6 in even after some vertical shifting as applied in these definitions are two suitable characters with Partl's macro definitions; ideally there should be category code 11 (letter) or 12 (other character). single characters, specifically designed for German It is important that the above macro expansions umlauts, at some character position above 128 and involve nothing other than expansion of expandable accessed via ligatures. Finally in many areas (e.g., tokens in order to use them in the hyphenation physics. mathematics, . . . ) we actually live in a patterns. The macro definition may. however, start bilingual environement. Many publications (like the with \relax (or with IPm's \protect) provided one you are reading in this moment) are written we define \let\reLax=\ernpty while reading the in English, other publications and most letters hyphenation patterns. are in German. Ideally something like Ferguson's multilingual TEX (see e.g.. TUGboat 6(1985)57- 2.2 The Hyphenatior, Patterns 58) should be available for English-German-French- The first part of the hyphenation patterns is made Italian-. . . by hand and contains: In this article I want to discuss what can a8a8a % never hyphenate inside "a be done with modifying the TFM files and the c8k % never hyphenate inside ck hyphenation patterns, but nothing else. This still 8c8k9k8 % hyphenate ckk as ck-k guarantees a reasonable amount of portability and 8c8p9P8 % hyphenate "ck as cp-pk is similar to the approach for "French in TEX" 8t8t9t8 % hyphenate ttt as tt-t described by Alonzo Gariepy (TUGboat 9(1988)65- 8t8t9a8 % hyphenate "tt as tt-at 69). The basic strategy can already be found in 8t8z9z8 % hyphenate tzz as tz-z Bernd Schulze's article in TUGboat 5(1984)103- f9P8 % hyphenate f"l1 as f-pl 104 and he also has created German hyphenation and similar for other characters. These patterns patterns with umlauts. should in fact be \input from a separate file. I hope some day there will be fonts with genuine The remaining patterns are as usual and may German umlaut characters, but then it will need contain "a, "0, "u and "s which will be converted some more time until such fonts are available for all into aaa and so on. One can in fact adapt Bern kinds of output devices. Moreover I have a strong Schulze's file GHYPHENU. TEX for this purpose, but I suspicion that many of the existing device drivers hope that new and more efficient patterns will be do not handle the characters 128-255 correctly. available in the near future. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988)' No. 2 185
2.3 The TFM files modified POOL file (just replace the string . tfm by The ligatures and kerning in the TFM files (but .gfm) results in the effect that INITEX reads . gfm nothing else) must be modified. First we add files. This will also be true for once the .fmt ligatures: file produced by INITEX has been digested. act: -+ 2.4 The Choice of ct: and P cp+k kp-+c pk+k The use of a and P in the trick ligatures for German ta+a (Yt-+t pf+f pii pl+l hyphenation should not interfere with the normal with the effect that: use of these two characters. We propose to use the two character codes 0 and 1. normally accessed "a -+ a through the control sequences \Gamma and \Delta. "ck -+ ck or k-k Since both \Gamma and \Delta are defined as "tt -+ tt or tt-t \mathchar they will never be part of a ligature nor full -+ fl or f-1 Note that the kerning between e.g., "a and the will they be affected by (implicit) kerning. Therefore adjacent characters is the same as between a and the definition of these two control sequences need the same adjacent characters. This will in general not be modified; this was the reason to choose them (although not in all cases) be just what is desired. instead of e.g., $ or #. As a last step we introduce a small positive Finally we have to assign non vanishing \lc- kern between f (or the ff ligature) and /3 as well as codes to the two characters CY and p in order that accepts them as part of hyphenatable words. a negative kern between " and either a or o or u in order to obtain e.g., When this scheme was designed. I was under the erroneous impression that the \lccode for a and "a -+ a must be equal to the character code. This full --+ fl or f-1 p This kerning works nicely for "a and "o since the would have prevented the use of character codes 0 umlaut accent has the same width as a and o. The (vanishing \lccode) and 1 (a bug in TEX does not u is. however, somewhat wider, and the placement allow \lccode=l in the hyphenation patterns) for a is somewhat different than what m's \accent and p. instead one could have used character codes would produce. In my opinion this is a tolerable 2 (\~heta)and 3 (\Lambda). Meanwhile Professor price for the full automatic hyphenation achieved Knuth has pointed out to me that the \lccodes this way. need not and in fact should not be equal to the Without modifying pixel files the only alter- character codes. Instead they should be close to the native would be to convert "u into the sequence u character codes for the lower case letters a.. . z in \kern "\kern u such that the accent is placed as order that the hyphenation patterns can be stored desired and the two u's are on exactly the same po- and retrieved efficiently, i.e., we can define: sition. With DVItype's pixel rounding mechanism \lccode0=95 this leads, however, to the possibility that the two \lccodel=96 u's are off by one pixel. 3 Conclusion Note that the mechanism described above works only for lower case umlaut characters. For the The implementation of "German m"described upper case ones one has to rely on W's \accent here will be achieved with a moderate amount of or something similar. This seems tolerable since work (both man power and CPU time). It has the remaining part of the word (after the initial the advantage that the resulting DVI file can be character) will still be hyphenated automatically. processed with the standard computer modern pixel These modifications of the TFM files will be files and that almost all words can be automatically done automatically by a suitable program which hyphenated. The disadvantage is clearly that the is under developement. The resulting files should shape of the resulting umlaut characters is a not certainly be named differently than the original fully satisfactory compromise. ones. Deviating from the French solution I propose Once the whole program is completed experi- not to change the file name but rather the extension, ence will teach us the weak points of the present e.g.. from .tfm to .grtfm or .gfm. For all the design and how to eliminate them. non text fonts (such as math italic, math symbol and others) these .gfm files would be identical to their .tf m counterparts. Supplying INITEX with a 186 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
Some Problems with the INRSTJ~~XTable Making Macros Michael J. Wichura University of Chicago \let\rTp=\restoreTeXprimitives The INRSW table making macros distributed with Wniques Number 2 greatly simplify the task This code should be inserted at the end of the of making ruled tables in W.There are, however, INRSW macros, just before the line that reads some (admittedly uncommon) circumstances under '\catcode\Q=12'. With this code in place, you which the macros don't work as advertised or have could, for example, typeset the expression adverse consequences. This article brings to light several such problems and suggests ways to correct them. Be forewarned that the issues here are fairly in a column with a display-style math template by Wnical- the kind of material that is marked with entering '\rTp \left( {a-l\over b-13 \right)'. I dangerous bends in The mbook. It's not necessary to enclose such usages of \rTp in a group ({ ...)), since an INRSW table is created 1 A problem with \left, \right, and \- with an \halip and since rn automatically enters The INRSW macros break what I would propose an additional level of grouping when it works on as the first commandment for authors of macro each individual entry to an \halip. packages: Thou shalt not redefine a l&Y primitive. There's a related problem concerning I and \ I, \left and \right are TEX primitives that are used which Plain W uses as delimiters in math mode, to make variable size delimiters in math mode. but which INRSW preempts to draw vertical Within the table environment, however, INRSW rules in tables. One could augment the definition of preempts the meanings of \left and \right to \restoreTeXprimitives to cover I and \ I as well, control the positioning of items within columns. but there's a good reason not to do so. The table The original meanings of \left and \right are making macros set things up so that I and \ I signal gone, and macros, such as Plain W's\big, \bigg, the end of a data column. If you were to restore the \Big, and \Bigg, that rely on those meanings being original meanings of these control sequences with in force won't function properly. You'd be in for \rTp, then you would have to enclose every usage 'big' trouble if you tried to make a table whose of \rTp in a group. That's a greater burden than entries involved some heavy math. having to use Plain m7ssynonym \vert for I, There's a similar problem with \-, which INRS- and \Vert for \ I. TEX uses to draw horizontal lines in tables. \- is w's primitive for a discretionary hyphen. If 2 Problems with \zerocenteredbox you planned to make a table having (presumably The command \zerocenteredbox (\zb for short) narrow) paragraphs as entries, you might well want centers its argument vertically in a box of zero height to use \-'s to assist W in hyphenation. and depth. INRSW provides this feature as a These difficulties wouldn't exist if INRSW means of doing some makeshift vertical spanning had chosen slightly different names, say '\Left7, within tables. The manual asserts that \zb works '\Right7, and '\Hr', for its commands. Name correctly "even with display math templates". This, changing is not a feasible option at this point however, is not the case. The problem arises because the macros are already widely used. The because display math templates have the form macros can and should be supplemented by a $\displaystyle{#)$ (and so should more properly command which i,,akes the original meanings of be called display-style math templates), whereas \left, \right, and \- available within the table \zb uses an \if type test for display math mode making environment. The command \restore- (what you get between pairs of $$'s). There is, in TeXprimitives (\rTp for short) defined below does fact, no \if type test for display style. One has just that. to use, instead, a \mathchoice or \mathpalette \let\TOXleft=\left construction, as explained on page 151 of The \let\TOXright=\right mbook. The following code (re-)defines \zb \let\TOXdiscretionaryhyphen=\- correctly, in the way Plain W defines \phantoms and \smashes. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 187
The \relax on the second line of the code is important, for reasons explained on page 240 of The Wbook. There's no such \relax in INRSTQX's definition of \zb, and that version of the macro malfunctions when it appears as the first token in a table entry for a column with a math- or The INRSQX manual states that the first display-style math template. argument to \mst can "even be a duplication of the row, as long as the row contains no explicit 3 Problems with \modif ystrut (alias \mst) & characters and excluding the commands \br and and \sa \er." This assertion is correct if you use just These very useful commands allow you to fine the simple \left. \right, and \center templates. tune the vertical and horizontal spacing in a table and if. as in all the examples in the INRSW through appropriate struts. The commands, how- manual. \mst appears as an argument to \br or ever, don't work in math modes. The INRSW \er. Otherwise, the assertion may be false, since manual sidesteps this issue by using constructions \mst doesn't take templates into account, and since like '\mst{$\int$){Opt){3pt)'. In a column with the definitions of the active characters I and " a math template it would be preferable to enter just involve t's when INRSQX is working between \br '\mst (\ int){Opt )(3pt)'. The following macros and \er. (re-)define \modif ystrut and \sa so that they work in math modes as well as in horizontal mode. 4 A problem with \use The idea is to again use a \smash-type construction; \use{
this problem. you should use Plain W's \ialign in place of \halign: moreover, you should specify \normalbaselines (minimally) before the \ialign since INRSW turns off normal line spacing with \off interlineskip.
7 A problem with \sp and \om 5 Problems with \thrule At the end of the INRSTEX macros. \sp and \om The command \thrule{
Box Plots and Scatter Plots with Macros dinates and tick marks. Here 1 and h are integers A. J. Van Haagen greater than -230, but less than 230. such that 1 < h and h - 1 5 214748, n is the number of tick marks 1 Introduction (n 2 2). and t is 1.10.100.1000. or 10000. The pa- The powerful macro facilities of the language rameters lpos and hpos are optional. They deter- can be employed to create simple sets of instructions mine the positions of the first and last tick mark for drawing box plots and scatter plots. Both are im- with their corresponding ordinate values. respec- portant tools in the graphical analysis of statistical tively. The values lpos and hpos must be integers be- data. tween low and hzgh. Their default values are low and Box plots. more fully known as box-and-whisker hzgh, respectively. For correct results h - 1 should plots, were introduced by Tukey [2] as a graphical be a multiple of n - 1. The values lit, (1 + a)/ t, tool to give a summary of the distribution of a set (1 + 2z)lt. . .. , hit, where z = (h - l)/(n- 1). are of data by five numbers: the lower extreme, the first placed to the left of the tick marks. Small tick marks quartile. the median. the third quartile. and the up- are drawn half way between the ones just referred per extreme. An example of a box graph is given in to. Figure 1. The code for Figure 1 shows how easy it A box plot is drawn by the command: is to draw such plots with the set of definitions in \boxplot [boxplotlow.lst quartile.medzan. the file macboxplot . tex. The figure shows how box 3rd quartale, boxplothzgh, mean] , plots can be used to compare batches of data. For a where boxplotlow is the lower extreme of the box more detailed discussion of box plots see [3] and the plot and boxplothzgh is the upper extreme. The en- references cited there. try mean is optional. The mean is indicated in the Scatter plots serve many useful purposes in box plots by an asterisk. All entries are integers statistics. They are pervasive in regression anal- between low and hzgh. To obtain these entries mul- ysis and can also be used effectively in areas like tiply the box plot parameters. as computed by SA4S nonparametric statistics and Time Series Anaiysis. for instance. by a suitable power of 10 and round off With the definitions in the file macplot.tex scat- or truncate. Convenient integer values for low and ter plots and also some related graphs can be drawn high are then selected. very easily. An illustration is provided by Figure 2. The command \boxplot is followed by the op- The input has been computed by SAS [I]. tional commands \outsiders C. . .I, \outlabelleft [. . .I [. . .I. and 2 Drawing Box Plots with ?IF;)Z Macros \outlabelrlght [. . .] [. . .I. The number of box To draw box plots, first input the macros of the file plots that can be drawn is limited only by the capac- macboxplot . tex with the \input macboxplot . tex ity of the l)$i memory. They will be scaled and po- command. This command is followed by the op- sitioned automatically. The \outsiders command tional scale commands \xscale [scalefactorl and can handle any number of outside values, limited \yscale [scalefactorl. The entry scalefactor is an again only by the memory capacity of m. The integer in the range 1,. . . ,100. The default value of command \outlabelleft writes a label to the left the \xscale and \yscale command is 100. These of an outside value, and \outlabelrlght writes one commands can be used to scale the picture in hori- to the right. zontal and vertical direction. respectively. After the box plots have been drawn there are The commands for drawing the box plots open the following options. The command with \beginboxplot and close with \endboxplot. \boxplotlabels [. . .I writes labels under the box The \beginboxplot command must be followed by plots. The labels may be numerical or may consist the command \range [low.highl . The entries low of text. The \vertlabel[. . .] command writes a and hzgh should be integers greater than -231, but vertical label to the left of the ordinates. Finally, less than 231, such that hagh - low <_ 214748. The the command \text [. . .I inserts text below the box entry low corresponds with the bottom of the rect- plot labels. angular box in which the box plots are enclosed. the The way these commands are used is evident entry high with the top. The actual choice depends from their appearance in Figure 1. on the box plot parameters and will be discussed Since it is possible to scale down the pic- below. ture to any desired size. one may wish the Next comes the command box graph to appear in the middle of text. \ordinates [Lhl [n,t, lpos, hpos] which provides or- The \beginboxplot . . . \endboxplot sequence TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 should then be enclosed by the T@ commands The use of most of the these commands is illus- \midinsert . . . \endinsert. trated in Figure 2. The macros are again compatible The macros in the macboxplot .tex file are with the IPlj$ system. compatible with the IPW system developed by Besides the T@ macros described above, there Leslie Lamport. is a definition which requires Postscript for drawing slanted lines. It is of the form: 3 Drawing Scatter Plots with TEX Macros \PSpolyline [linethickness] [ (xl ,yl ) To draw a scatter plot. first input the macros of (~2r~~)r...(xniyn)]. the file macplot . tex with the \input macplot . tex The entry linethickness is a number which sets command. This command is followed by the thickness of the polygonal line connecting the the optional scale commands \xscale [. . .I and points (xl, yl), (x2,y2),. . . , (x,, y,). The unit used \y scale [. . .I which are identical to the commands by Postscript is the bp. of the same name in the file macboxplot . tex. The commands for drawing a scatter plot open with \beginplot and close with \endplot. The Acknowledgement. The author wishes to \beginplot command must be followed by the com- thank Professor L. Gordon for his suggestion to try mands \xrange [. . .I and \yrange [. . .I. These com- to make draw statistical graphs and for his con- mands set the lower and upper limits of the x coordi- structive remarks. He also wishes to thank the de- nates and the y coordinates of the points to be plot- partment of mathematics of the University of South- ted. The \yrange command is identical to \range. ern California for allowing him to use their excellent Next come the commands \xaxis [. . .I [. . .I and T@ facilities. \yaxis [. . .I [. . .I which provide scales for the x axis and y axis. The command \yaxis is identical to References \ordinates. Instead of these two commands, one SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT Guide for Per- can also apply the commands: sonal Computers, Version 6 Edition. Cary, \xlabels [ (xl ,xlabell ) (x2,xlabe12),. . .I, North Carolina: 1985. and John W. Tukey. Exploratory Data Analysis. \ylabels [(yl ,ylabell) (y2,ylabe12) ,. . .I. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Read- The first entry within each pair of parentheses indi- ing, Massachusetts, 1977. cates the location on the x axis and y axis, respec- Antonius J. Van Haagen. Box Plots and Scatter tively. It should be an integer between the param- Plots with TEX Macros. A Thesis for the Degree eters in \xrange and \yrange, respectively. The of Ma,ster of Science in Statistics, University of second entry is the label one wants to write near Southern California, Los Angeles, 1987. that location. The following commands: \points [. . .I [. . .I, \leftlabel [. . .] [. . .] , \rightlabel [. . .] [. . .I, \horlabel [. . .I, \vertlabel [. . .I, \hordash [. . .I, and \vertdash [. . .I can be applied in any order. The \points [plottingsymboll E (xl ,yl) (xB,ye) ,. . ., (xnlyn)I command places the plotting symbol in the locations given by the coordinate pairs. The plotting symbol can be almost any sym- bol in the system. The \leftlabel [. . .I [. . .I command writes a label to the left of a point and \rightlabel [. . .] [. . .I writes one to the right. The \horlabel[. . .I command writes a label below the x axis and \vertlabel [. . .I writes one to the left of the y axis. The commands \hordash [. . .I and \vertdash [. . .] draw horizontal and vertical lines of dashes, respectively. The last command is the \text [. . .I command which writes text below the horizontal label. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
outlier o
o outlier
Figure 1: BOX GRAPH. The vertical scale is payoff of the New Jersey lottery, or numbers game, in which a player picks a three- digit number from 000 to 999. Winners share half of the pot. Each box graph shows the distribution of payoffs for all numbers with a particular leading digit. A leading digit of zero has the highest payoffs because fewer people tend to pick them. As the leading digit increases from one to nine the payoffs increase in a zigzag fashion, showing odd first digits are preferred to even. (From: The Elements of Graphing Data by William S.Cleveland. The data for this picture have been obtained by measuring the picture in Cleveland's book.) TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988),No. 2
I I o I Human 3.0 - I I I
LOG of BODY WEIGHT
Figure 2: A scatter plot of brain weight data. The variable loglo(brainweight) is plotted against the variable loglo(bodyweight). Brain weight is the average brain weight in grams and body weight is the average body weight in kgs for 62 species of mam- mals. TUGboat, Vclume 9 (1988), No. 2 m:Macros for Drawing Wtures Figure 2. A segment of a complex Aow chart. Michael J. Wichura University of Chicago Overview In the preface to The T~Xbook,Knuth describes as a "typesetting system intended for the creation of beautiful books -and especially for books that contain a lot of mathematics". is a collection of TEX macros by means of which TEX users can easily instruct w to typeset beautiful pictures as a part of their books -and especially mathematical figures, such as the one below.
Figure 1. Density a and distribution function % of the arc sine distribution. The shaded area under the graph Next of a is %(P) - %(a). I I Density Distribution function done in the same fonts that you're using in the ~(z)= arcsin(&) a(t) = I/ (nJm) $ rest of your document. (3) Just as TEX is machine independent, so too is m.It doesn't matter whether you're working on a PC or mainframe computer. (4) Since typeset figures are embedded in the dvi file along with the rest of your document, all the advantages of m's device independent output accrue to them. In particular, you can revise away to your heart's content on your local system until your Wtures look just the way you want them to, and then you can have the final copy elegantly printed on a high resolution output That figure and the others in this article il- device. (5) PICI'EX can be extended using W's lustrate the main things you can do with Qa:macro facilities. and can be used with Ibm. place text into a mture; construct x and y axes On the other hand, has several lim- with tick marks, tick labels, and axis labels; draw itations: (1) was expressly designed to rectangles and other things made out of horizontal facilitate the construction of pictures such as Fig- and vertical rules; draw straight lines and curves ure 1. It simply is not the right tool for producing (without recourse to special fonts): use line fills illustrations such as the lions that grace the title that can be dotted: 'd< Figure 3. Number of words Shakespeare used exactly n Table 1. PlCQ$ commands for Figure 3. (The line times, for n = 1 to 100 by 1. numbers are not part of the commands.) Shakespeare used 14,376 1 \beginpicture 1OOOO O words exactly once. 4 2 \setcoordinatesystem units <.02in,.4in> 3 \multiput {$\scriptstyle\circ$) at 4 1 4.1576 2 3.6378 3 3.3602 5 4 3.1652 5 3.0183 6 2.9227 (additional coordinates omitted here) 6 95 1.0000 96 1.0000 97 1.1761 7 98 0.8451 99 0.8451 100 0.6990 / 8 \put {$\longleftarrow 9 \vcenter{\hsize=lOOpt \raggedright lo \eightpoint \noindent 11 Shakespeare used 14,376 words exactly Frequency n of usage 12 once.)$) 111 <4pt ,Opt> at 1 4.1576 13 \setplotarea x from 0 to 100, text" in about 1 second.) (4) qCtures take up 14 y from 0 to 4.301 a sizable amount of computer memory. A large 15 \axis bottom wture with several curves will exceed the capacity 16 label {Frequency $n$ of usage) of a standard version of m. This difficulty can 17 ticks numbered from 0 to 100 by 20 be circumvented by using a larger version of TEX, 18 short unlabeled quantity 11 / such as that developed by Bart Childs et al. (See 19 \axis left shiftedto x=-5 page 122.) 20 label {\stack The PICQX manual contains detailed instruc- 2 1 CN,u,m,b,e,r,,,o,f,, ,w,o,r,d,s}l tions on the use of the macros, with many 22 ticks logged examples and exercises, along with a command 23 numbered at 1 10 100 1000 I0000 / summary and index. The manual is about 90 pages 24 unlabeled short from 2 to 9 by 1 long. Both the macros and the manual may be 25 from 20 to 90 by 10 obtained from TUG. 26 from 200 to 900 by 100 The next section of this article has some 2 7 from 2000 to 9000 by 1000 examples showing how one goes about drawing a 28 at 20000 / / Wture. The final section has an example showing 29 \endpicture how PI^ can be extended via W's macro facilities. Table 1 is largely self-explanatory, since much Drawing mtures of the code reads almost like English. However, some remarks are in order: (1) The command Table 1 lists the code that was used to construct on line 2 tells PJCI$J to set up a rectangular Figure 3, in which the common logarithm of the coordinate system in which one unit on the x axis number of words Shakespeare used exactly n times has length of .02 inches, and one unit on the is graphed versus n for n = 1, 2, . . . , 100. In tabular y axis has a length of .4 inches. The value .02 form the data are as follows: was chosen so that a run of 100 units on the number of words x axis would amount to .02 x 100 = 2 inches, n Y, = An = 10glO(~n) used n times leaving plenty of room in TUGboat's 3 inch column for the y axis structure. (2) The command on lines 3-7 places small circles at the coordinate points (1,4.1576), . . . , (100,0.6990). The trailing '/' on line 7 informs PJCI$J that the list of coordinate points is exhausted. (3) The option ' [l] <4pt ,Opt>'on line 12 to the \put command on line 8 instructs to place the associated text Figure 3 has n on the horizontal (x) axis, and A, on (i.e., the arrow and the \vcentered paragraph) the vertical (y) axis. into the P~Cturewith its left edge 4 points to the right of the the designated coordinate (1,4.1576). TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988)) No. 2 195 (4) draws coordinate axes along the edges Figure 4. Dinomial sample space and probabilities for of a prespecified rectangular "plot area". The m = 6 and .rr = (1/3,1/3,1/3). For nonnegative integers command or? lines 13 - 14 sets up such a plot area. yl, yz and y3 summing to m, the probability at the m! .TrY1 Yz Y3 meY3 axis running from 0 to 100 along the x axis and from 0 point (~lrY2rY3) is Y1!Y2!Y3! 1 7r2 .rr3 . to 4.301 = loglo(20,000) along the y axis. The recedes into the plane of the page.) command on line 15 draws an axis along the bottom Y2 edge of this plot area. The analogous command on line 19 creates an axis along the left edge of the plot area; however this axis is subsequently shifted to lie along the line x = -5. Some features of QCTEX that emerged in the preceding example merit further discussion. The coordinate system is a key element of any QCture, since it governs the placement of everything that's put into that P~Cture. You can set and reset the coordinate system at will, moving the location of the origin and changing the lengths of the x and y units; this facilitates work on QCtui-es like Figure 1 having several components. P$3$X1s \put command and its relatives have options that make it easy to specify exactly how an object should be positioned relative to a given coordinate. You can using the current interpolation and line fill modes. choose between various horizontal (centered, left, Every option in F$Zl$X has a default: the defaults right) and vertical (centered. above, below, baseline) for \plotting are piecewise linear interpolation with orientations, and you can offset objects horizontally solid line fill. and vertically by amounts that don't depend on For example. in Figure 4 the edges of the the current coordinate system. \axis is m's simplex were drawn simply with most versatile command. You can: choose between 06 60 85 06 bottom. left. top. and right axes; freely specify \plot / where ticks are to be placed; use any combination while the y3 axis was created with of unlabeled. numbered, or user-labeled ticks; have \setdashes the ticks marks point out from the plot area or \plot 0 0 8.5 5.3125 / into it. or even extend all the way across it; specify In Figure 1 the left-half of the arc sine density a was axis labels and a plot heading; govern the length created by first placing the origin of the coordinate and thickness of axes and tick marks: and adjust system at the point t = 0.5 on the horizontal axis, the spacing between the various components of the and by then entering graph framework. In general you can fine tune any part of a QCture; a few minor adjustments may make the difference between a figure that is merely presentable and one that is a work of art. One last point: you don't have to prespecify to m how much room a QCture will take up. F'$ITEX automatically determines the size of a mture and passes this information on to so that the PIC- ture can be positioned appropriately in the page layout. Note that a(.5-435) = 2.6187. 4.5-.475) = 2.0388. What about lines and curves? has and so on. The "in bounds check" feature kept four interpolation modes, two of which are piece- from plotting any points with vertical wise linear interpolation and piecewise quadratic coordinates greater than 2.5. To plot the right half interpolation. (The other two modes generate his- of a the same commands were used. but with the tograms and bar graphs.) Moreover. has signs of the horizontal coordinates changed to '+'. four modes for line fill: solid, dotted. dashed. and In general, to \plot any given curve you have user-specified. Given a list of coordinate points. to provide F'ICTEX with a list of coordinate values. w's\plot command connects those points as opposed to, say, some mathematical formula. 196 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 However, you can create such a list using Fortran Figure 6. Suicide rates in western Europe per 100,000 or C or whatever, store it in a file. and have \plot population per year for the years (19x.x) indicated. take its input from that file. 0 5 10 15 20 25 m draws lines and curves by placing lots I I I of periods close together. This takes a lot of Austria 75 Denmark 73 time, because repeatedly has to lead %X West Germany 74 step by simple arithmetic step through complex France 70 calculations. like finding the distance between two Belgium 73 points in a coordinate plane, for which it has no Luxembourg 75 primitives. (TEX can only do fixed point addition. Netherlands 74 subtraction, and multiplication. and division by Portugal 74 - integers.) And all those periods take up a lot of England 74 - room in W'Smemory. That's the down side: Italy 72 - the up side is that there are no restrictions on Spain 74 - the slope of lines and the curvature of arcs. By Switzerland 75 - contrast, Mm's picture environment draws lines Extending and circles by piecing together characters from specially designed fonts. This is fast and uses little Consider now how you might go about drawing storage space. but the choice of slopes and radii Figure 6. To get started you could enter is quite limited. Fortunately, this is one instance \beginpicture where you can have your cake and eat it too. \setcoordinatesystem units <5pt,llpt> knows how to use Ml$J's picture objects, \setplotarea x from 0 to 25, and QCI)$'s macros can be used inside Uw. y from 0 to 0 (Don't try this without first reading the relevant \linethickness=.15pt section from the qCTEX manual.) {\eightpoint \axis top ticks numbered from 0 to 25 by 5 / 1% Figure 5. Diagram showing how the probabilities for the \linethickness=2pt response categories I, 11, 111, and IV in a certain pro- These commands establish the coordinate system, portional hazards model vary with q. Probabilities are draw the axis, and set m'sline thickness shown as shaded areas; higher numbered categories have greater shade density. parameter to 2 points for drawing the black bars. The problem that needs addressing is how to place the bars and their associated labels into the Wture. You could do this easily with P$3lJ$'s bar graph command, or even with W's \halip However the point of this section is to illustrate a technique that can often be put to good use when there isn't an upper level command that, does what you want to do. Let's agree then that you have to solve this exercise using just W'sprimitive commands \put and \putrule. The most direct solution would be \putrule from 0 -1 to 24.1 -1 \put {Austria \sevenrm 75) PI^ shades a region by placing a "shading [Br] <-5pt ,-2pt> at 0 -1 symbol" at every point of a "shading lattice" that \putrule from 0 -2 to 23.8 -2 falls within the region. You have control over both \put (Denmark \sevenrm 73) the symbol and lattice. In Figure 5 three different [Brl <-5pt, -2pt> at 0 -2 shading lattices were used. each with a \fiverm and a bunch of similar commands. (The 'Br's above period as the shading symbol. stand for 'baseline right' orientation.) It would be much less tedious to enter just the bare essentials, say in the form \placebars Austria 5 24.1 TUGboat. Volume 9 (1988)' No. 2 197 Denmark 3 23.8 On the other hand, if \next is '/' (so the entry just processed was 'Switzerland 5 1.5'). the Switzerland 5 1.5 / \ifx directs 'Q$ to the "true" clause on line 17. The \expandafter there leads to the \else on The question is: how should the macro \placebars line 18; \else . . . \f i expands to (null). because be defined? Notice that the y coordinates of the the condition is true. then goes back to bars decrease by 1 for each bar. This can be the \finish on line 17, which gobbles up the '/,' achieved by stepping a counter. It's okay to use following the .Switzerland' entry, thereby preventing \count0 for this purpose, because qCture making these characters from showing up in your qCture. goes on inside a group. The following definitions Finally goes on to read whatever comes next. get the ball rolling: m which in this case would be \endpicture. The \placebars macro would be especially handy if you were going to make a lot of bar graphs like Figure 6. You should put the definitions of 4 \def\Placebars #I #2 #3 1% \placebars. . . . , \finish outside a QCture, so 5 % #l=Country, #2=last digit of year, that these macros won't vanish when the qCture 6 % #3=rate ends. 7 \advance \count0 by -1 What would happen if you were to inadver- 8 \putrule from 0 \the\countO to tently enter '\placebars /'? Things would get 9 #3 \the\countO all screwed up, because the terminator '/' would lo \put {#I \sevenrm 7#2) [Br] become the first argument to \Placebas. To 11 <-5pt,-2pt> at 0 \the\countO correct this flaw in the macros. you should change 12 \repeatifnecessary) '\Placebars7 on line 3 to '\repeatifnecessary3. The line numbers aren't part of the macros; they're With a view towards generalization. you should just for ease of reference. The \Placebars macro make two more simple changes so that the definition uses blarks to delimit its arguments. so you'll have of \Repeatifnecessary doesn't involve \Place- to enter 'West Germany' as West'Germany. bars. Specifically. replace '\Placebars' on line 19 \Placebars puts one labeled bar into the by '\repeatwhat', and insert P~Ctureeach time its invoked. In order to run through the entire list of countries you could define between line 2 and (the new) line 3. The repeat \repeat ifnecessary as follows: structure now can be used with other macros besides \Placebars. To sum up. the solution to the \placebars 15 \def \Repeat ifnecessary(% exercise has led to a useful mnique for defining 16 \ifx /\next upper level plot commands that meet specific needs. 17 \expandaf ter \finish Editor's note: One statement in this article bears 18 \else repeating: "A large QCture with several curves will 19 \expandaf ter \Placebars exceed the capacity of a standard version of m."It 20 \fi) happened to this article. TUGboat is produced with 21 \def\f inish / 1) a VAX/VMS implementation that has had its This is a little complicated: so let's take it one step memory increased to nearly the maximum possible at a time. The \futurelet on line 14 tells TJ$ to for a "standard" version: mem-max = 65500. To set \next equal to the character following whatever prepare this article successfully, it was necessary to country-year-rate entry has just been processed, (1) produce each column as a separate page, and and to go on to expand \Repeatif necessary. If put it together using the output driver's electronic \next is not '/', the \ifx on line 16 directs TEX pasteup capability: (2) insert explicit page breaks to the "false" clause on line 19. The \expandafter in columns containing especially taxing QCtures; there makes 7&X expand the \f i on line 20 thereby (3) strip unnecessary details out of the header finishing off the \ifx . . . \fi structure. m macros (tugbot.sty); and (4) run it by itself. then goes back to the \Placebars on line 19, Even so. the news with \tracingstats turned on which is now sitting directly in front of the next was thought-provoking-only 8 words of memory country-year-rate entry. untouched. Michael Wichura is using a C version of without the ordinary memory restrictions. 198 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 The I4b$jX User's Column Answer from Leslie Lamport: Jackie Damrau Chris Rowley has indeed found a bug in I4mY. and University of New Mexico his fix appears to work. I will probably incorporate it. Relay my thanks to him. I have received four questions since the last column. Please keep those questions or helpful hints coming. Question 2 Remember, they will be answered as soon as possible Several of us here at the Hughes Aircraft Company via electronic mail (if possible) and then published Albuquerque Engineering Laboratory are trying to in the next TGGboat. Until then, happy I4Wing. use T@ to produce various sorts of documents. One Question 1 such application is the making of so-called vugraphs. i.e., landscape orientation charts printed on trans- Version 2.09 of LPIW contains the following bug, parent plastic sheets for use with overhead projec- which I have riot seen reported elsewhere. possibly tors. The way it works out is that the title or head- because it would be discovered by a I4Wnician ing of the chart needs to be centered in a field about only when indulging in the aesthetically bizarre 4 by 18.5 cm, with text then occupying a separate practice of using marginal notes and footnotes con- field about 15 by 25.5 cm. A form has been enclosed currently. Here it is: to indicate these fields. SLIW has a lot of good If a \marginpar follows a \footnote on features for this process, but its bias toward portrait the same page, then the vertical positioning mode and vertically centering all text as a unit re- of the marginal will probably be incorrect. sults in a fair amount of ad hoc and tedious use of To fix it, the definition of \@specialoutput \vspace, etc. Is there any way to specify separate needs to be changed, as shown below, by moving part fields on a slide? Or. better. to describe a subpage of the conditional statement \if void\f ootins . . . by a single command? so that it is not executed in the case when the out- We would also be interested in any advice on put routine is called by \marginpar. how to incorporate graphs into the files from which \def\OspecialoutputC% the charts are made. \ifnum\outputpenalty > -\OMii \@doclearpage \else \ifnum \outputpenalty <-\QMiii Richard C. Smith \ifnum\outputpenalty<-\QMM \deadcycles\z@\f i Hughes Aircraft Company \global\setbox\Oholdpg\vbox(\unvbox\Qcclv) Albuquerque. Yew Mexico \else \setbox\Qtempboxa\box\@cclv \@pagedp\dp\Oholdpg \Qpageht\ht\Oholdpg Answer from Leslie Lamport: \unvbox\Qholdpg What Richard Smith wants to do is easy, and % From here: \ifvoid\footins\else there are numerous ways to do it. However, they % \advance\Qpageht\skip\footins all involve some understanding of raw W.First % \advance\Qpagedp\dp\footins of all. the vertical centering is achieved by the % \insert\footinsi\unvbox\footins)\fi \vf il commands in the definition of \@makecol in \Qnext\@currbox\@currlist(% slit ex.t ex. Removing the \vf il's from this defi- \ifnum\count\@currbox >\z@ \ifvoid\footins\else % :to here ... nition will stop SLIT' from vertically centering the \advance\@pageht\ht\footins slides. \advance\@pageht\skip\footins However. there's really no need to remove the \advance\@pagedp\dp\footins vertical centering. Instead. by putting things in- \insert\footins(\unvbox\footins)\fi % side \vbox's of the appropriate height, he can ar- \@addtocurcol range it so that the height of material on a page \else \ifvoid\footins\else % ...and here. equals \textheight. so vertical centering has no ef- \insert\footins{\unvbox\footins)\fi % fect. Exactly how he does this depends upon how \@addmarginpar he wants to enter the input. \f i)\Qlat exbug The rnost elegant approach would be to modify \ifnum\outputpenalty c\zQ \penalty \z0 \fi \f i\f i) the slide environment (by changing the definitions of \slide and \endslide in slitex.tex) so he would Chris Rowley just type The Open University Parsifal College \begin{slide){) 527 Finchley Road The title goes here London NW3 7BE TUGboat. Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 \midslide seems a less manageable problem and I can't see The text field goes here. such an obvious solut,ion. \endCslide) David Rhead BITNET : This takes a little W hacking ability. since one has [email protected] to begin a \vbox in the \slide command and end it in the \midslide, etc. My guess is that he will Question 4 need to find a hacker to do this for him. or else After I sent you my last mail, I sent a copy of the take the time to read the Wbook. next-to-last paragraph to Leslie Lamport for infor- Question 3 mation. He mailed back a suggestion that the infor- mation I need is in latex.bug. I recently sent a query to mhax, and Leslie Lam- So, it would actually be sufficient if people's port was good enough to send a reply. Apparently attention was drawn to the datelversion-number of my problems were compounded by my using an out- the current latex.bug. If they found that they had of-date version of repl2. sty. I've subsequently an out-of-date latex.bug, they could take steps to fetched a load of IPW files from Peter Abbott's acquire an up-to-date one and, from the up-to-date software-depository at Aston, and hope that this latex.bug, work out what other files they need. will help to avoid future problems. In my situation. for example. I can get files from To help people generally avoid such problems, Aston fairly easily, and Peter Abbott at Aston gets it would be very useful if there was available some- files from SCORE, which saves other UK-people hav- here I list of the version-numbers/dates of all W- ing to find them to work out how to get stuff from related software. so that people could easily check SCORE. I have just fetched latex.bug-62 from As- whether they have the most recent version. On the ton. It mentions stuff up to the end of '87, so it other hand. the range of w-related software is now looks fairly up-to-date, but I don't actually know vast, so: for certain whether or not a more recent latex.bug b whoever ran the "somewhere" would have a is now available somewhere. lot of work to do So. would you consider using the @= b the information would take up a lot of space User's Column in each TUGboat to state the in TUGboat and/or Whax version-number of the latest latex. bug? It need b difficult questions of where to draw the line not take more than two sentences, e.g., might arise. (Are macro package X and style- Details of the current versions and "dates- option Y so popular that the whole world last-updated" of all the standard IPm wants to keep their copies up-to-date?) software are to be found in version 63 of The problem of where to draw the line is not latex.bug. If you don't already have ver- so difficult for IPW. Anyone using WT)$ will sion 63. acquire it first, so that you can want to keep If onts.tex, latex.tex, lplain.tex work out what else you need. and the standard style- and option-files (the ones David Rhead mentioned in the book and distributed by Maria BITNET : Code and Pierre MacKay) up-to-date. Running [email protected] a "somewhere" that listed the current version- numbers and/or dates for this standard software Answer (Question 3 and 4) would I think be manageable. I have no objections for using my column to an- Would you consider using the fiw User's nounce the above. I would however need someone Column in TUGboat to give the version- to supply me with the information. If there is a numbers/dates of the copies of lfonts.tex, kind soul out there who would be willing to send me latex.tex. lplain.tex. the standard * .doc and the information. it would be my pleasure to give the the standard *.sty that people should be using? I IPW community this added help. guess that it could be done in about 1.5 column- Editor's note: Your editor has access to this inches if a suitably small font was used. so it might information. and will. if reminded, be happy to be acceptable as a standard item in each TUGboat. check the status of 1atex.bug as one of the last Obviously. the problem of keeping non- chores before putting TUGboat to bed. This is the standard style and options files (e.g. as distributed current status at Score. as of June 30: by Ken Yap) up-to-date is important too, but it latex.bug.79 12 May 88 22:44:10 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988). No. 2 Contents of U'QjX Style Collection * captcont .sty Auxiliary file needed by files as of 30th June 1988 described in local-suppl Ken Yap Load cyrillic font University of Rochester Macros to compute day of week and phase of moon The LAW style collection now contains the files Examples of how to use W listed below. They are at cs .rochester . edu in arithmetic capabilities directory public/latex-style, and are available DECUS Proceedings style for anonymous ftp. You should retrieve the file Paper that describes the OOindex first to obtain a brief description of current above directory contents. The file OOdirectory contains Program to convert .doc a reverse time sorted list of files; this may be helpful to .sty by stripping in keeping your collection in sync with I4m-style. comments Entries marked with * are new or changed since doublespace.sty Double spacing in text the last TUGboat listing. Entries marked with a draft. sty Draft option for documents t (ieeetr. acm, siam and apalike Bibm styles) for "debugging" require Bibw 0.99b. The others require 0.981 or drafthead. sty Prints DRAFT in heading older. * drop. doc Style for making large dropped initials for File Description * drop. sty starting paragraphs OOdirectory Sh archive of DVIDOC. DVI OOindex to character device filter OOreadme for Unix BSD systems a4. sty Set page size to A4 epic.shar1 Sh archive of extended a4wide.sty Adjusts width to suit A4 epic.shar2 picture environment aaai-instructions.tex espo. sty Style file for Esperanto Instructions to authors * f ixup.doc Fixup Plain's \bigl, etc.. to * aaai-named-0.99. bst track IP'QjX size changes t BiBmY style to accompany format. sty Print FP numbers in fixed aaai . sty, for version 0.99 format * aaai-named-0.98. bst For version 0.98 fullpage.doc Get more out of a page aaai .sty Style file for AAAI geophysics.sty Geophysics journal style conference 1987 german. sty Style file for German acm.bst t ACM Bibwstyle ieeetr.bst t IEEE Transactions Bibm agugrl . sty AGU Geophysical Research style agugrl-sample. tex Letters style, sample ist2l. sty IST21 document style option agujgr.sty AGU Journal of Geophysical for cover page agujgr-sample . tex Research style, sample latex.bug Latest listing of bugs found * album. shar Style for printing cassette in I4m labels * latex. dif Differences between versions alltt . sty Like verbatim. but permits of standard M'&X files, other commands inside beginning 3 Jan 88 amssymbols.sty Load AMS symbol fonts layout.readme Prints nice diagram apalike .doc American Psychological layout.tex showing page parameters apalike. sty Association style files 1custom.tex Useful macros and definitions * apalike . bst I for IPmx article.txt Standard files in text format. If onts-ams . readme Use A~gsymbolsin I4m artl0.txt with places to make lfonts-ams. tex artll.txt language specific lgraph. shar Sh archive of data to graph art 12. txt changes indicated command filter in Pascal biihead.sty Underlined heading local-suppl . t ex Supplement to local guide; * bsf .doc Provide access to bold describes tgrind, sfwmac, * bsf . sty sans serif fonts in IPQX trademark, lcustom, xxxcustom, and xxxslides TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 * manual.readme Like "book but for manuals Style for Springer-Verlag * manual.sty Need to look at "book" reports, multi-author * manlo.sty for documentation * svma.tex Manual, Springer-Verlag *manll.sty * svsa.sty Springer-Verlag, single author * manl2.sty * tabledoc.tex Documentation for memo.sty Memo style option tables.sty mfr. sty Modifier to memo. sty *tables.sty Ruled and unruled tables mitthesis .sty Massachusetts Institute of made easy Technology thesis format Style file and processor for mitthesis-sample.tex index entries for VMS natsci .bst t Natural sciences generic texnanes .doc Define a couple more BibmJ style texnames .sty T@ names natsci.sty Formats citations created tgrind.sty Tgrind macros for I4m with natsci .bst instead of 7&X newalpha.bst t Modified alphabetic Bibm threepart.sty Three part page headers style titlepage.txt Style file in text format to go nl.sty Style file customized for with article.txt Dutch trademark.sty Definitions of common nopagenumbers.doc Remove page numbers trademarks remark.sty Like newtheorem but no \it uct 10.doc U of California thesis style resume.sty Format for doing resumes uct11.doc resume-sample.tex Sample file uctl2.doc rscsencode.shar Sh archive of the rscs ucthesis.doc en/decoder ucthesis.readme sc2l.sty ISO/TC97/SC21 document *uctlO.diffs Context diffs from I4m style *uctll.diffs report style files sc21-wgl.sty Option for cover page *uctl2.diffs to make updating easy * schedule.doc Style for generating *ucthesis.diffs * schedule.sty schedule sheets * uuencod.shar Sh archive of the uu sfwmac.sty Useful macros for Unix en/decoder documentation vdm.doc Vienna Development Method *shapiro-btxbst-0.98.doc vdm.sty I4W style *shapiro-btxbst-0.98.readme vdm.tex * shapiro-makebst. sh A master file for BibWJ wsltex .shar Wordstar to UTEX filter, C styles with standard styles and Pascal versions and some new ones. Also a Supplementary macros for Unix sh script to generate xxx-tex, for some xxx the styles Supplementary macros showlabels.sty Shows labels and references for SL~,includes to them slides.sty siam.bib SIAM Bibm style More submissions are very welcome. Send them to siam.bst i Ken siam.doc SIAM I4mstyle [email protected] sim.sty ..!rochester!latex-style siam.tex siaml0.doc Editor's note: People sending future submissions siaml0.sty should note that some gateways to Bitnet strip off siamll.sty everything beyond 80 columns, and perhaps corrupt siaml2.sty some other data as well (ASCII tabs may or may slem.doc Change \sl to \em not remain intact). Please structure your file so spacecites .doc Modified to give spacing that it will survive. between citations Stanford U thesis style TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 For Internet users: how to ftp explicit gateway routes. Use the new domainized An example session is shown below. Disclaimer: ftp form of addresses whenever possible. Examples: syntax varies from host to host. Your syntax may user%[email protected] be different. The syntax presented here is that of user%site.csnetQrelay.cs.net Unix ftp. Comments in parentheses. site!userQuunet.uu.net Non-Internet users: how to retrieve by mail Long UUCP paths are discouraged. System admin- istrators get upset and your turnaround is very slow An archive server for IiPTQX files has been in- anyway. stalled. Send a piece of mail to LaTeX-Style If the Sub j ect : line looks like: (Qcs .rochester edu, via UUCP or your favourite . Subject: Qfile request uuencode gateway) in the following format. - Subject line should contain the phrase or '%file request". Subject: Qfile request rscsencode - The body of the mail should start with a line then the mail will be encoded with the requested containing only an Q (at) sign. scheme before sending. This might help sites Important! The first line following the "at" line that get mail through gateways with unfriendly should be a mail address from Rochester to you. EBCDIC/ASCII mappings. You can find sources (Undeliverable mail will be silently dropped on the for the two types of enldecoders in the collection. floor.) You may have to do some porting of sources. - Follow your return address by the names of the Be patient as the server is actually a batch files you want, either one to each line, or many program run once a day. Files will be sent in to each line, separated by spaces. batches, each not exceeding lookbytes in size. - End with a line containing only an Q sign. - Case is not significant. Distribution for IBM PC and clone users For example, if you are user at site.bitnet, this is There are two sources. what you should send: (don't forget your address!) David W. Hopper To: latex-styleQcs.rochester.edu 446 Main Street Subject: @file request Toronto, Ontario Canada M4C 4Y2 Q has I4w style files only. user%site.bitnetQcunyvm.cuny.edu 1. Either one 1.2 MB diskette or three 360 KB OOreadme diskettes, blank and formatted. OOindex 2. Indication of the format required, Q 3. A self-addressed mailer, and A word to the wise: it is best to fully qualify 4. A $5.00 donation per set of files, to cover your mail address. Our mailer is pretty ignorant of postage and equipment wear & tear. (If you Bitnet, CSnet or UUCP addresses unless they are live outside North America, airmail delivery in registered domains. It is best that you supply will probably require more postage. You should probably contact David for details.) Sample FTP session for Internet users % ftp cayuga.cs.rochester.edu (a.k.a. cs.rochester.edu, a.k.a. 192.5.53.209) . . . (general blurb) user : anonymous password: 5. No phone calls or personal visits please. A Note on Processing Parts With IPIm m Jon Radel Stephan v. Bechtolsheim P. 0. Box 2276 Reston, VA 22090 In this note I would like to suggest how to administer has UQjX style files and other goodies. For a list efficiently the processing of a multi-part UQjX- or other info send a SASE. based document. I have assumed that the document 1. 360 KB diskettes, blank and formatted. is fairly large and therefore UW's \includeonly 2. A stamped, self-addressed mailer, and feature is used-this note does not apply to 3. $1.50 per disk. If you live outside North documents which consist of only one I4Wfile. America, skip the stamps and send additional Two implementations of my ideas will be money or International Reply Coupons. shown, the first using UNIX and the other us- As a convenience for people who have more money ing MS/DOS. To derive an implementation to than floppies, Jon will supply everything for $6.00 run under yet another operating system should be per disk to U.S./Canada/Mexico addresses. straightforward. Let us assume that part 1.tex, part2. tex and Editor's note: Traffic on the network servers and part3. tex are the three parts of a document. There gateways has been very high recently, and in order is also a main source file called main. tex, which to provide improved service, there have been some might look as follows: volunteers to maintain local "slave" repositories \documentstyle(article) of the UT)$ style collection. There is usually a \includeonly(partl3 geographic or network restriction requested, since \beginidocument) the idea is to cut down traffic, not add to it. The \include (partl) following areas will be covered by the volunteers \include (part21 listed. \include (part3) Bitnet users: Texas A&M maintains a list- \end(document) and file-server which is already handling (with Assume further that the user always processes TEX-L) much of the Bitnet distribution of only one part at a time, never two or more, or QjXhax. An inquiry via listserv will retrieve a the complete document in one piece. Then it is list of all =-related files: natural to rename main. dvi after running UWto tell listserv at tamvml get tex filelist part I.dvi, part2. dvi or part3. dvi, depending on Additional volunteers should contact Ken. which part of the document was processed. There is, as far as the user is concerned, no main.dvi any more. main. log is also renamed, and becomes either partl. log, part:!. log or part3. log. Renaming the parts has an additional advan- tage: it is easy to find out whether or not a part still has to be processed by Um. If partl. tex was last changed at 2: 00pm and the time stamp of part I.dvi shows 3: 00pm then part I.dvi is "up- to-date". But if part I.dvi's write time is I :OOpm then partl. tex has to be reprocessed because the source file is newer than its dvi file. The next step is to rewrite the original main source file as follows (the \includeonly statement is now read in from an external file include. tmp): \documentstyle(article) \input(include.tmp) % CHANGED \beginCdocument) \include (partl) \include (part2) \include (part33 \end(document) TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 A little UNIX shell script (the UNIX term for a Assume you typed palatex parti. tex. Now the command procedure) palat ex might look as follows first line of the procedure expands to: (the shell script has one argument $1 which is the if exists part1.tex.dvi part of the document to be processed, without the del part 1.tex. dvi file extension t ex): (Observe the illegal file names formed this way.) # UNIX palatex shell script MS/DOS will interpret this as: echo "\includeonly~$i)" > include.tmp if exists part1.tex latex main del part1.tex mv main.dvi $l.dvi In other words, your source partl. tex is removed! mv main.log $i.log I am not an MS/DOS person but I encourage The above shell script would be, for instance, knowledgeable MS/DOS people to write a little invoked as palatex partl. Two remarks with C-program which aborts the command procedure if respect to this script at this point: the name of a part was entered with a file extension. The name for the main source file in the shell By the way, there is also a make program available script is fixed to main. tex. I normally store for MS/DOS. Using that, you can automate the every document in a separate directory and I whole procedure under MS/DOS the same way I find it very convenient always to call the main outlined it for UNIX. source file by the same name. Naturally, the Sue Volkmann from the Woods Hole Oceano- shell script could be modified to accommodate graphic Institute in Woods Hole, MA, helped me another parameter, which is the name of the implement the ideas under MS/DOS. main source file. This idea can be applied even more conve- niently in a makef ile. Now all you have to type is make, and only those parts of the document which have to be processed will be processed. Here is such a makef ile: Page Layout in D':Erratum .SUFFIXES: .dvi .tex FILES = partl .dvi part2.dvi\ Kent McPherson part3. dvi SLI Avionic Systems Corp. In LAYOUT.STY, which was printed in Volume 9, all : $(FILES) No. 1, there were a couple of commented lines. Unfortunately, when the style file was printed in .tex .dvi : two-column mode, these commented lines were echo '\includeonlyC$*)'>\ broken into two lines each, and the second line was include.tmp then uncommented. This causes the macros to fail. latex main The lines in question appear in the middle of mv main.dvi $*.dvi column 2, page 81. They look like: mv Main.log $*.log %\omarginref =\omargin Now let us write a batch file palatex. bat for \advance\omarginref by \oneinch MS/DOS along the same lines. In MS/DOS, %1 %\advance\omarginref by \hofref stands for the first parameter in a batch procedure. and if exists %I.dvi del %l.dvi %\emarginref=\emargin if exists %l.log del %l.log \advance\emarginref by \oneinch echo \includeonly(%l) > include.tmp %\advance\emarginref by \hofset tex &lplain main These lines should be deleted from LAYOUT. STY. ren main.dvi %l.dvi ren main.log %l.log Editor's note: We are sorry for any inconvenience Observe that when using palatex.bat you type that resulted from our omission of the comment the name of the part without the file extension tex; character from the wrapped lines shown above, and so you type palatex. bat part 1 and not palatex wish to thank those of you who reported problems. partl.tex. If you type the file name with the file extension tex then you will have a catastrophe. TUGboat,, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 205 Calendar Aug 22 DECUS Regional Seminar, Tysons Corner, Virginia. Aug 1 - 5 ACM SIGGRAPH; Atlanta, Ga. w Made Easy - Using W For information, call (312) 644-6610 with the Plain macro package, Dan Zirin. For information, contact Diane Spirio, (617) 480-3307. California State College, Northridge Sep 12 TUGboat Volume 9, No. 3: Aug 1 - 5 Intensive BeginningIIntermed. TEX Deadline for receipt of manuscripts. Aug 8- 12 Advanced WIMacro Writing University of New Mexico, Albuquerque University of Exeter, England Aug 1-5 Beginning TEX Sep 5 - 9 Intensive BeginningIIntermed. l&X Sep 19 - 23 Advanced WIMacro Writing For Aug 1 - 5 Intensive BeginningIIntermed. 7$X information, contact Clive Nicholas, Aug 8 - 12 Advanced W/Macro Writing (0392) 411907. Rutgers University, Busch Campus, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois Piscataway, New Jersey Sep 12 - 16 Beginning 'l&X Aug 1-5 Intensive I4W Sep 12 - 16 Intensive BeginningIIntermed. l$J Aug 8 - 12 Advanced WIMacro Writing Sep 12 - 16 Advanced w/Macro Writing Aug 15 - 19 Beginning W Aug 15 - 19 Intensive BeginningIIntermed. TEX Oct 2-5 Electronic Design in Print '88 Conference. San Diego Users Group 1988 Conference Convention Center, San Diego, McGill University, Montrbal, Quebec California. For information, contact Aug 15 - 19 Beginning W Electronic Design in Print '88, Vista, Aug 15 - 19 Intensive BeginningIIntermed. W CA, (619) 758-9460. 17 - 21 Aug 16 - 19 Short Course in METAFONT Oct 1988 Electronic Printer and Publishing Conference. Fairmont Aug 18 - 19 Short Course in Postscript Hotel, San Jose, California. For Aug 22 - 24 TUG Annual Meeting information, contact CAP See announcement, page 000. International, Marshfield, MA, Aug 25 - 26 Short Course: Macro Writing (617) 837-1341. Aug 25 - 26 Short Course: Output Routines Dec 5-9 ACM Conference on Document Processing Systems, Stanford University, Stanford, California Santa Fe, New Mexico. For information, contact Aug 29 - Beginning TJ$ Sep 2 Peter Orbeton, (617) 577-8500 or [email protected]. Aug 29 - Intensive BeginningIIntermed. Sep 2 For additional information on the events listed Sep 6 - 10 Advanced W/Macro Writing above, contact the TUG office (401-751-7760) unless otherwise noted. Status as of 1 July 1988 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 Edinboro University of Institute for Defense Analyses, Pennsylvania, Edinboro, Communications Research Institutional Pennsylvania Division, Princeton. New Jersey Members ElectricitC de France, Clamart, Intergraph Corporation, Huntsville, France Alabama Environmental Research Institute Intevep S. A,, Caracas, Venezuela Addison -Wesley Publishing of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michzgan Company, Readzng, Massachusetts Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa European Southern Observatory, The Aerospace Corporation, Istituto di Cibernetica, Universit& Garching bei Munchen, Federal degli Studi, Milan, Italy El Segundo, Calzfornza Republic of Germany American Mathematical Society, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Fermi National Accelerator Research, Safat, Kuwait Provzdence. Rhode Island Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois Los Alamos National Laboratory, ArborText. Inc., Ann Arbor. Ford Aerospace & Communications Mzchzgan University of California, Corporation, Palo Alto, California Los Alamos, New Mexico ASCII Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Forsvarets Materielverk: Louisiana State University, Baton Aston University, Bzrmzngham, Stockholm, Sweden Rouge, Louisiana England General Motors Research Marquette University, Department Brookhaven National Laboratory, Laboratories, Warren, Michigan of Mathematics, Statistics, and Upton, New York Geophysical Company of Norway Computer Science, Milwaukee. Brown University, Provzdence. A/S, Stavanger: Norway Wisconsin Rhode Island Grinnell College, Computer Massachusetts Institute California Institute of Technology, Services, Grinnell, Iowa of Technology, Artificial Pasadena, Calzfornza Intelligence Laboratory, Grumman Corporation, Bethpage, Cambridge, Massachusetts Calvin College, Grand Rapzds. New York Mzchzgan Massachusetts Institute of GTE Laboratories, Waltham, Technology, Information Services, Centre Inter-RCgional de Calcul Massachusetts Cambridge, Massachusetts ~lectroni~ue,CNRS. Orsay, France Hart Information Systems, Austin, Mathematical Reviews, American City University of New York, Texas Mathematical Society, Ann Arbor, New York, New York Hartford Graduate Center, Michigan College of St. Thomas, Computing Hartford, Connecticut Max Planck Institute Stuttgart, Center, St. Paul, Mznnesota Harvard University, Computer Stuttgart, Federal Republic of College of William & Mary. Services, Cambrzdge, Massachusetts Germany Department of Computer Science. Hewlett-Packard Co., Boise, Idaho McGill University, Montreal, Wzllzamsburg, Vzrgznza Quebec, Canada Hobart & William Smith Colleges, Columbia University, Center for Geneva, New York National Cancer Institute: Computing Activities. New York. Frederick, Maryland New York Humboldt State University, Arcata, California National Center for Atmospheric COS Information, Montreal. P Q.. Research, Boulder, Colorado Canada Hutchinson Community College, Hutchinson, Kansas National Institutes of Health, Data General Corporation, Bethesda, Maryland Westboro. Massachusetts IBM Corporation, Scientific Center, Palo Alto, California National Research Council DECUS, L&T Special Interest Canada, Computation Centre: Group. Marlboro, Massachusetts Illinois Institute of Technology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Chzcago, Illinois Department of National Defence, New Jersey Institute of Ottawa, Ontarzo, Canada Imagen, Santa Clara, California Technology, Newark, New Jersey Digital Equipment Corporation, Institute for Advanced Study, New York University, Academic Nashua, New Hampshzre Princeton, New Jersey Computing Facility, New York, dit Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan New York TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 Northeastern University, Academic Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Federal University of California, Berkeley, Computing Services, Boston, Republic of Germany Academic Computing Services, Massachusetts Berkeley, California Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Online Computer Library Center, (SLAC), Stanford, California University of California, Berkeley, Inc. (OCLC), Dublin, Ohio Computer Science Division, Stanford University, Computer Berkeley, CaEifornia Pennsylvania State University, Science Department, Stanford, Computation Center, Unzversity California University of California, Irvine, Park, Pennsylvania Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, ITS Graphics Irvine, California Personal TkX, Incorporated, & Computer Systems, Stanford, Mill Valley, California California University of California, Irvine, Information & Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, State University of New York, Irvine, California Indiana Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook, New York University of California, QMS, Inc, Mobile, Alabama San Diego, La Jolla, California Stratus Computer, Inc., Marlboro, Queens College, Flushing, Massachusetts University of California, New York San Francisco, San Francisco, Syracuse University, Syracuse, Research Triangle Institute, California New York Research Triangle Park, University of Chicago, North Carolina Talaris Systems, Inc., San Diego, Computation Center, Chicago, California RE/SPEC, Inc., Rapid City, Illinois South Dakota Texas A & M University, University of Chicago, Computer Computing Services Center, Rice University, Department of Science Department, Chicago, College Station, Texas Computer Science, Houston, Texas Illinois Texas A & M University, Ruhr Universitat Bochum, University of Chicago, Graduate Department of Computer Science, Bocham, Federal Republic of School of Business, Chicago, College Station, Texas Germany Illinois Tribune TV Log, Glens Falls, New Rutgers University, Hill Center, University of Crete, Institute York Piscataway, New Jersey of Computer Science, Research TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, Center, Heraklio, Crete, Greece St. Albans School, Mount California St. Alban, Washington, D. C. University of Delaware, Newark, Tufts University, Medford, Delaware Sandia National Laboratories, Massachusetts A~buquerque,New Mexico University of Exeter, Computer TV Guide, Radnor, Pennsylvania Unit, Exeter, Devon, England SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina TYX Corporation, Reston. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Virginia Scotland Schlumberger Well Services, Houston, Texas UNI.C, Danmarks EDB-Center, University of Groningen, Aarhus, Denmark Groningen, The Netherlands Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge, Tennessee University College, Cork, Ireland University of Illinois at Chicago, Computer Center, Chicago, Illinois I. P. Sharp Associates, Palo Alto, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, California Alabama University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Computer Science Srnithsonian Astrophysical University of British Columbia, Department, Urbana, Illinois Observatory, Computation Facility, Computing Centre, Vancouver, Cambridge, Massachusetts British Columbia, Canada University of Kansas, Academic Computing Services, Lawrence, Software Research Associates, University of British Columbia, Kansas Tokyo, Japan Mathematics Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, University of Maryland, College Sony Corporation, Atsugi, Japan Canada Park, Maryland Space Telescope Science Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, University of Massachusetts, Baltimore, Maryland Alberta, Canada Amherst, Massachusetts 210 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 University of North Carolina, University of Texas at Dallas, Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke AG, School of Public Health, Center for Space Science, Dallas, Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany Texas Chapel Hill, North Carolina Villanova University, Villanova, University of Oslo, Institute University of Vermont, Burlington, Pennsylvania Vermont of Informatics, Blindern, Oslo, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Norway University of Washington, Netherlands Department of Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Washington State University, Seattle, Washington Ontario, Canada Pullman, Washington University of Western Australia, University of Southern California. Widener University, Computing Regional Computing Centre, Information Sciences Institute, Services, Chester, Pennsyhania Marina del Rey, California Nedlands, Australia John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, University of Wisconsin, Academic University of Stockholm, New York, New York Department of Mathematics, Computing Center, Madison, Stockholm, Sweden Wisconsin Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts University of Tennessee at Uppsala University, Uppsala, Knoxville, Department of Sweden Yale University, Computer Center, Electrical Engineering, Knoxville, New Haven, Connecticut Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee Tennessee Yale University, Department of University of Texas at Austin, Computer Science, New Haven, Physics Department, Austin: Texas Connecticut TjjX Typesetting Services The American Mathematical Society can produce typeset pages from your DVI or source files. Features of our services include: QUALITY - We use an Autologic APS SPEED - Turnaround time is no more Micro-5 typesetter. than one week for up to a 500 page job. FONTS - We offer AM. CM and Times EXPERIENCE - If you have a problem Roman. Several more Autologic typefaces with a DVI or source file, we can usually will be added in the near future. solve it with our stafF who are trained in LOW-COST - We charge only $5 per TEX . page for the first 100 pages: $2.50 per page FULL-SERVICE - We also offer keyboard- for additional pages. ing, camera work, printing and binding ser- vices. - For more information, or to schedule a job, please contact Regina Girouard American Mathematical Society (401) 272-9500 PO BOX6248 800-556-7774 Providence. RI 02940 T@C Users Group 1988 Membership Form Request for Information Send completed form with remittance (checks, money orders, UNESCO coupons) to: The w Users Group maintains a database and QX Users Group publishes a membership list containing information P. 0. Box 594 about the equipment on which members' organiza- Providence, Rhode Island 02901, U.S.A. tions plan to or have installed m,and about the For foreign bank transfers applications for which would be used. This list direct payment to the w Users Group, is updated periodically and distributed to members account #002-031375, at: with TUGboat, to permit them to identify others Rhode Island Hospital Trust National Bank with similar interests. Thus, it is important that One Hospital Trust Plaza the information be complete and up-to-date. Providence, Rhode Island 02903-2449, U.S.A Please answer the questions below, in particu- General correspondence lar those regarding the status of l&X and the hard- about TUG should be addressed to: ware on which it runs or is being installed. (Oper- ating system information is particularly important TkX Users Group in the case of IBM mainframes and VAX.) This P. 0. Box 9506 hardware information is used to group members in Providence, Rhode Island 02940-9506, U.S.A. the listings by computer and output device. If accurate information has already been pro- vided by another TUG member at your site, you Name: may indicate that member's name, and the infor- Home [ ] BUS. I I Address: mation will be repeated. If your current listing is correct, you need not answer these questions again. Your cooperation is appreciated. QTY ITEM AMOUNT 1988 TUGboat Subscription/TUG Membership (Jan.-Dec.) - North America New (first-time): [ ] $30.00 each Renewal: [ ] $40.00; [ ] $30.00 - reduced rate if renewed before February 1,1988 1988 TUGboat Subscription/TUG Membership (Jan.-Dec.) - Outside North America New (first-time): [ ] $40.00 each Renewal: [ ] $45.00; [ ] $40.00 - reduced rate if renewed before February 1,1988 TUGboat back issues, 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 $15.00 per issue (19), (v. 1) (v. 2) (v. 3) (v. 4) (v. 5) (v. 6) (v. 7) (v. 8) I circle issue(s) desired: #1 #1,2,3 #1,2 #1,2 #1,2 #1,2,3 #1,2,3 #1,2,3 Air mail postage is included in the rates for all subscriptions and memberships outside North America. TOTAL ENCLOSED: Quantity discounts available on request. (Prepayment in U.S. dollars required) Membership List Information Institution (if not part of address): Date: Status of w: [ ] Under consideration Title: [ ] Being installed Phone: [ ] Up and running since Network address: [ ] Arpanet [ ] BITnet Approximate number of users: [ ] CSnet [ ] uucp Version of m: [ ] SAIL Pascal: [ ] w82 [ ] W80 Specific applications or reason for interest in w: [ ] Other (describe) My installation can offer the following software or From whom obtained: technical support to TUG: Hardware on which w is to be used: Operating Output Please list high-level w users at your site who would not Computer(s) system(s) device(s) mind being contacted for information; give name, address, and telephone. Revised 12/87 TEX Users Group 1988 Membership Form Page 2 Please answer the following questions regarding output devices used with 7J?X if this form has never been filled out for your site, or if you have new information. Use a separate form for each output device. Name Institution A. Output device information C. Output device driver software Device name [ j Obtained from Stanford Model [ ] Written in-house Knowledgeable contact at your site [ ] Other (explain) Name Telephone D. Separate interface hardware (if any) between host Device resolution (dotslinch) computer and output device (e.g. Z80) Print speed (average feetlminute in graphics 1. Separate interface hardware not needed because: mode) [ ] Output device is run off-line Physical size of device (height, width, depth) I ] O/D contains user-programmable micro [ ] Decided to drive O/D direct from host Purchase price 2. Name of interface device (if more than one, Device type specify for each) [ ] photographic [ ] electrostatic [ ] impact [ ] other (describe) 3. Manufacturer information a. Manufacturer name Paper feed [ ] tractor feed Contact person [ ] friction, continuous form Address [ ] friction, sheet feed [ ] other (describe) Telephone Paper characteristics b. Delivery time a. Paper type required by device c. Purchase price [ ] plain [ 1 electrostatic 4. Modifications [ ] photographic [ ] other (describe) [ ] Specified by Stanford [ ] Designedlbuilt in-house b. Special forms that can be used [ ] none [ ] Other (explain) [ ] preprinted one-part [ ] multi-part [ ] card stock [ ] other (describe) 5. Software for interface device [ ] Obtained from Stanford c. Paper dimensions (width, length) [ ] Written in-house maximum [ ] Other (explain) usable 9. Print mode [ ] Character: ( ) Ascii ( ) Other E. Fonts being used [ ] Graphics [ ] Both charlgraphics [ ] Computer Modern 10. Reliability of device [ ] Fonts supplied by manufacturer [ ] Good [ ] Fair [ ] Poor [ ] Other (explain) 11. Maintenance required 1. From whom were fonts obtained? [ ] Heavy [ ] Medium [ ] Light 12. Recommended usage level 2. Are you using Metafont? [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Heavy [ ] Medium [ ] Light F. What are the strong points of your output device? 13. Manufacturer information a. Manufacturer name Contact person Address G. What are its drawbacks and how have you dealt Telephone with them? b. Delivery time c. Service [ ] Reliable [ ] Unreliable B. Computer to which this device is interfaced 1. Computer name 2. Model H. Comments - overview of output device 3. Type of architecture * 4. Operating system *If your computer is "software cornpattble" with another type Revised 12/87 (e.g. Amdahl with IBM 370), indicate the type here. A Gourmet Guide to Typesetting with the AMS -TEX macro package M. D. SPIVAK, Ph.D The Joy of T@i is the user-friendly user's accuracy and still have control over the fin- guide for AHS-TEX. an extension of TEX. ished product, even novice technical typists Donald Knuth's revolutionary program for will find the manual easy to use in helping typesetting technical material. AhS-W them produce beautiful technical TEX~. was designed to simplify the input of math- This book is designed as a user's guide ematical material in particular. and to for- to the AHS-~macro package and details mat the output according to any of various many features of this extremely useful text preset style specifications. processing package. Parts 1 and 2. entitled There are two primary features of the "Starters" and "Main Courses." teach the system: it is a computer system for reader how to typeset most normally en- typesetting technical text, especially text countered text and mathematics. "Sauces containing a great deal of mathematics; and Pickles." the third section. treats more and it is a system for producing beautiful exotic problems and includes a 60-page dic- text, comparable to the work of the finest tionary of special mniques. r- printers. Exercises sprinkled generously through Most importantly, w'scapabilities are each chapter encourage the reader to sit not available only to wperts. hhile down at a terminal and learn through ex- mathematicians and experienced technical perimentation. Appendixes list summaries typists will find that 'I'EX allows them to of frequently used and more esoteric sym- specify mathematical formulas with great bols as well as answers to the exercises. PREPAYMENT REQUIRED. Order from American Mathematical Society PO Box 1571 Memb $30, List price $33 Annex Station To order specify JOYTIT Providence, RI 02901-9930 or call 800-556-7774 to use VISA or Mastercard add'l $1, max $25 by air, 1st book Prices subject to change. $5, each add'l $3 max $100 Publishing Companion Translates K-Talk would like to introduce Publishing Companion version 1.03. Our Goal: To publish documents using TEX with a limited amount of TEX knowledge; without giving up TEX quality. Publishing Companion translates the following from Wordperfect: Advance Half-Line (new) Foreign Characters (new) Non-Break Spaces Soft Hyphens Automatic Boxes Full Fonts Outline (new) Strikeout (new) Automatic Indexes Horizontal Lines Page Numbering Superscripts (new) Block Protect Indents Paragraphs Subscripts (new) Centering Justification Parallel Columns Table of Contents Conditional End of Page Mail Merge Pitchpoint Size Type Styles (bold, underline) Endnotes Math Formulas (new) Redlining (new) Widowlorphan ONIOFF Flush Right Newspaper-Style Columns Running Footers Footnotes Non-Break Hyphens Running Headers Publishing Companion is the missing link between wordprocessing and desktop publishing. Other word processors are supported. For more information call or write: 3920 Olentangy River Rd. Columbus, Ohio 432 14 (614) 459-97 1 1 DESKTOP PUBLISHING HAS NEVER BEEN SIMPLER AND WILL NEVER BE THE SAME Desktop Publis ing Has Never Been Simpler and Will Never Be the Same ort Foreign lan~~ageusers can now create documents in Wordlerfec: and translate directly into \TeX retaining forelgn characters. WordPerfec~is Ideal for forelgn ?anpage$. Map UTmd CONTROL characters easlly to foreign ckaracters. You see the foreign characters on the screen as you type thew. What you Buenos dias Geht es dem Fraulein Schidt gut? see on the Tres blen merci Word- Perfect screen Is fully translated to TEX as shown below Foreign language users can now create documents in WordPerfect and translate directly into TEX retaining foreign characters. WordPerfect is ideal for foreign languages. Map ALT and CONTROL characters easily to foreign characters. You see the foreign characters on the screen as you type them. Buenos dias Geht es den1 Friiulein Schmidt gut'? Trks bien merci 3920 Olentang) Rlxer Rod Columbu\. Ohlo 43213 L S.A. (613) 359-9711 European dederi Bruce Wolman of K40S 41s Boh5 3169 Ellsenberg 0208 040 2 \ORUAY -- Telephone +47 03 59-03-94 Knud Lonsted ot Interbd\e. Ddntes Phds I DK-1556 Kobenhavn \ Deninaik -- Telephone +35 01-93-28-29 E~\drtUorth of CniTj>I Sqatemj I2 Dale Vien Road Beauchief Slieif~eldS8 OEJ -- Telephone (0742) 351 489 Publ~\hingCompanion priced at '5179.00 Screen capture p~ogr:imu\ed for above xreen a\ni!ahk for S7'J.OO. Add \hippins arid 'i.inillinf ot 54.00 tor I S & Cmacla or $35.00 for Europe Prepa)ment or purdme order required A remittance frtm outbide the United Stdeh mu51 bc pahdhlc In L .S doiiar\ drid can he an inteniationai money ordei oi a check drawn on n L.S.. C,inudi;in or European bnnh. Printed 111 L.S.A. 8802- 1 Do you have to hunt to find T& software that When you order the Full System, we'll give supports all your hardware? you our T$ distribution free including the ArborText offers T$ and support products AMST$, BibT$, LaT&, and SliT$ macro for a diverse family of computer platforms packages. such as: IBM PC, Sun Microsystems, Apollo Call us and discover how we can give you a DOMAIN, VAXstation II, and IBM and DEC one-stop solution for your hardware family. mainframes. Yes! Please send me more Informatlon. Our DVlLASER software supports I Name: such popular printers as: the Apple Laserwriter, Hewlett-Packard LaserJet II I Tile: and Plus, lmagen Imagestation, and the Organization: QMS Lasergraphix. Ask us about our ( Address: phototypesetter drivers too. All this from one place, at good prices and backed by a knowledgeable support team. From IBM PC to VAX support, you get: Phone: 0 software optimized for your system Computer hardware: 0 consistent directory naming conventions 0 easy and consistent graphic inclusion 1 Printer hardware: many features found only in our software The following are trademarks of their respective companies: T@ 0 thirty-day money-back guarantee and AMSTEX of American Mathematical Society; IBM PC of IBM Corp.; DOMAIN of Apollo Computer Inc.; VAXstation I1 and VAX complete installation instructions of Digital Equipment Corporation; DVILASER and Full System of 0 thorough product documentation ArborText lnc.; Laserwriter of Apple Computer inc.; LaserJet II and Plus of Hewlett-Packard Co.; ImageStation of lmagen Corp.; QMS free support for ninety days Lasergraphix of QMS Inc. 535 West William Street Suite 300 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 (313) 996-3566 FAX (313) 996-5073 1 ALL SORTS OF SPECIAL EFFECTS I COLUMNS CROSSING / FLUSH LEFT ENTRIES 1 Cohtrnns / Columns With with I where the column all all the automatically entries entries CC centered, in are as a whole, a centered, (but S under a heading different exceptions allowed (Or change the font in a row) I MONEY COLUMNS 1 OR, IF YOU PREFER, EITHER THIS TYPE. THIS TYPE A very large macro pack- Not meant for run-of-the-mill age, too large to be used in alignments, but for complex across pages, repeating conjunction with UT@, for tables, often involving vertical headings. example. lines, with features like those illustrated here. The author of the AMS-TEX macro package, The Joy of Written by Michael Spivak TH manual, and the Single Copy $1 25 PC Tm Manual. Site Licenses available 0 WLORATORS 3701 W. Alabama Suite 450-273 Houston, TX 77027 ie 7131524-5515 MathEdit makes it easy to Lreate and edit math formulas for your %X files. With its simple menu, anyone can immediately begin constructing complex formulas. And as you create your formulas, MathEdit guides you completely through them, so you can't go wrong. s Sizes of math symbols are adjusted automatically to fit equa- tions of varying size and complexity. A display window lets you see your formula as you create it. MathEdit takes full advantage of EGA and Hercules Graph- ics Plus RamFonts to give you excellent quality on-screen viewing. And your equation is output in WordPerfect format AND m, so it can be used in word processing as well as TEX typesetting. MathEdit is $149 and has a 30-day money back guarantee. For more information, please contact: 3920 Olentangy River Road Columbus, Ohio 43214 (614)459-9711 Hercules Graphlca Plus RamFonts is a trademark of Hercules Computer Technology. WordPerfect 1s a trademark of the Wordpedect Corporation. '&Xis a trademark of the Amencan Mathematical Society. If you find yourself needing a T-Xnician each time you want to create a format for a new document, or mod- ify an existing one, then you need TEXTI . TEXTI makes it easy for the TEX novice and expert alike to quickly modify the style of your chapters, contents, running head, mar- gin notes, indices, etc. You can get TEX Tl for a microcomputer for $150. TEXT^ also has an International Phonetic font optionally available for $100. For more information, write to: or call: TEXT^ Distribution TEXT^ Distribution wsucsc 509-335-04 11 Pullman, WA 99 164-1220 Technic ublis s. If you are creating your files using TEX, Computer Composition Corporation can now offer the following services: Converting TEX DVI files to fully paginated typeset pages in either "AM" or "CM" fonts. Providing 300 dpi laser-printed page proofs which simulate the typeset page in "AM" fonts only. Keyboarding services from traditionally prepared manuscripts via the TEX processing system in either "AM" or "CM" fonts. Full camera work services, including halftones, line art, screens and full-page negatives or positives for your printer. Call or write for sample pages in eifher "AM"or "CM" fonts LE BLOCK SEARCH EDIT TeX / TeXTOOLS 1 HELP idef \TW \{{\it \TeX \its WRITE \I}} 1 SHOW LOG , + MATCH BRACES ...a full featured text editor designed especially for use with TEX on the PC. Here are just a few of the things TEXWRITEcan do: access TEX, your previewer and device drivers without exiting your file edit large files in RAM edit multiple files (including a split screen function to view your .LOG file) define and insert fonts through a font management utility . enter, save and edit command strings through a command management utility save editing functions as macros (including calls to other macros) TEXWRITEuses pull down menus or function key equivalents for easy access to editor and TEX functions. It's designed to let you be as productive as possible, cutting short the time and keystrokes involved in the edit, TEX, preview and print cycle. TEXWRITE is priced at $149 U.S., with quantity discounts and site licensing available for educa- tional and non-profit inst~tutions. CTH, a new implementation of TEX for micros! This im- plementation offers the latest version of TEX available for MS-DOS and is priced at $229. UNlX System VlXENlX ver- sions are forthcoming. THPRINT device drivers for the HP Series II and Postscript laser printers. T@PRINT/HP and THPRINT/PS are priced at $1 89. For more information or to place an order, please contact: \I 11 F o Micro Publishing Systems, Inc., Suite 300-1120 Hamilton St., Vancouver, B.C., V6B 2S2, Canada (604) 687-0354 JEX is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society Product names are trademarks of their respective manufacturers Quotations from MicrolSysterns Journal, June 1988: The Scientific Computer User Recent News About TEX "MacroT~X.. . is intended for general use and thus there are a number of different modules intended for different purposes. The package has been set up so that each module is read into TEX'S memory only when it is needed, so if you only want to use a small number of the modules, you will suffer relatively little interfer- odular construction ' ence with the use of other large macro packages at the same time. ". . .What is striking about MacroT-X is that the definitions of Plain TEX are al- most entirely untouched, so you do not lose flexibility. ". . .Like LaTEX, MacroT~Xis concerned Flexibility with the preparation of manuscripts in different styles. The styles supplied are 7 documentation, book, report, letter, and ource Code included ' ' note. If you want to edit these macros to S change details of the styles, this should be much easier to do here than in LaTEX. "MacroT$ can also be used to prepare a table of contents, lists of tables and figures, cross-references, indexes, glos- saries, bibliographies, and end notes. Au- tomatic equation numbering and cross- - - referencing is another feature. Variations of page parameters are easier to do than Macro with Plain TEX. "Amy Hendrickson has prepared an ex- cellent manual with lots of illustrations. There is a great deal to be pleased with in this package." A.G.W. Cameron, Professor of Astronomy, at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics rite or call for more W information: Tflnology Inc, 57 Longwood Avenue Brookline, MA 02146 TurboT~XRelease 1.1 software you will receive 37 disks with ol-er floppy disks with the Programmers offers you an affordable and com- 50,000 lines of generously commented Guide, is required for other ninchines. plete typesetting package based on TEX, TurboT~X,and printer driver Source compiles with hlicrosof~C 5.0 the T'X 2.92 standard: preloaded source code. \t7e designed and wrote on the PC and rur~sin 640K: other plain 'T@, L~TEY; INITEX and VIR- TurboTF): from scratch to meet high systems require 1 115 memory and a TEX: TRIP certification; Computer standards of portability and correct- C compiler supporting a conser\.ative Modern and I&T+ font metrics and ness, while maintaining continuity subset of UNIX standard 110 PK bitmaps from 5 point to head- with Knuth's WEB source via fully No-risk trial offer: Examine line sizes; and printer drivers for HP automatic translation. Serious de- the documentation and run the PC LaserJet Plus/Series 11, Postscript, velopers with a need for a typeset- TurhoTEX for 10 days. If you arr not and dot-matrix printers. This wealth ting system will appreciate the com- satisfied, return the software for a of software fills over a dozen diskettes, mercial "hardness" of the TurboT~X 100% refund or credit. (Offer applies and runs on your IBhI PC, UNIX. architecture and implementation. to executables only.) OS/2, or VAX/VXIS system. Everything you need to reconfigure I Power Features: TurboT~X or modify TurboT~Xfor your needs brings big-machine performance to is included: our !WEB system in C, small computers. The new virtual PASCHAL. our proprietary Pascal-to- memory sub-system breaks the 640K C translator, the portable preloatii~ig Ordering Turbow sub-system, and the virtual memory memory barrier under MS-DOS on Telephone and written orders ac- sub-system. TurhoTFX conservatively the IBM PC and compatibles. You'll cepted. Terms: Check with orrlpr fits C portability standards like AKSI: have the same sized that runs (free media and LTPS ground ship- POSIX. SVID, and and is ro- on multi-megabyte mainframes, with KSrR, ping), VISA, SIastercard (free niedia. bustly portahle to a growing family of plenty of memory for large docu- shipping extra): Tet 30 to \veil-ratrd operating systems. ments, complicated formats, and de- firms and public ag~ncies(shippirig manding macro packages. On larger Availability & Requirements: and media extra). Oila~itit~/resale machines, TurboQX runs up to 3 Executables and the comprehen- discounts and site licenses a~ailahle. times faster in less memory than the sive Users Guide are available now International orders are shipped ~ia Stanford Pascal distribution. for IB51 PC's and compatibles. and your choice of Air Sfail. Air Parcel I Source code: Order the Turbe AT&T 3B1 and 3B2 UNIX Sourc~ Post or International Express [ail at 'J$J source code in portable C, and code, supplied on 360K 5-114'' PC additional cost. The Kinch Computer Company PUBLISHERSOF TURBOTEX 501 South Meadow Street Ithaca, New York 14850 Telephone (607) 273-0222 PICTURE YOURSELF USING TEX INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS PiTEx is a graphics editor for use with LATEX PiTEX enables the novice to create and edit LATEX graphics in a WYSIWYG environment PiTEX offers the overworked TEX user fzill compatibility with LATEX PiTEX provides the connoisseur with speed, versatility and optimized performance PiTN has two components: P~TEXruns on any IBM PC, PSI2 PITEX - the interactive picture editor and compatibles with graphics PITRANS - the translator to LATEX PiTEX is available now worldwide picturemode commands in several languages US regular list price: $ 195 Orders received before Sept 1: $135 To order in the US: Send check or money order to our US branch. Add $5 for handling and shipping. MA residents add tax. To order elsewhere: Ask your local PCTE'Y dealer. ZNTERBASE USA INC. ONE KENDALL SQ. INTE SE BUILDING 600, SUITE 138 CAMBRIDGE,-<-&.. MA 02139 Europe's complete TEX source (617) 643-4008 INTERBASE DANTES PLADS 1 DK-1556 COPENHAGEN V (01) 93 28 29 FAX: (01)93 36 93 TEX is a trademark of the 4MS IBM and PSI2 are trademarks of International Business Machines Corp. PiT'X is a trademark of Interbase. It doesn't haye to be. End its TtqYlessness with the Personal Tg,Zm. products below. TUG members order before September 15,1988 and get 20% off the regular price! And on orders of $300 or more, you'll ako get the QCTjjYgraphing macros-pee! PCW+ PI? LASER + hlAXVIEX w82, Ver- TABLES TO DIE FOR. Lets you easily produce sion 2.1: professional formatting and typesetting even the most complex tables-with professional results-for amateur prices. Includes INITEX, La- typesetter refinements. -w%$100 TEX, AMS-TEX, VANILLA Macro Pak, PCTS and LaT@ manuals. Plus a PTI laser device driver, F'TI FONTWARE Interface Package. Software to to take full advantage of your laser printer. PLUS generate the Swiss family of fonts in any size. (The the MAXview screen previewer for on-screen pre- Interface is necessary to use Bitstream fonts.) viewing of your TEX documents and immediate -H% $156 editing. Top performance and low cost make this II our most popular package. %494- $399 BITSWM Font Family. An extensive library of 30 type families, in any size you specify, with true PCW+ PI? LASER. As above, but without the typographic quality. Each family: 4495- $156 MAXview screen previewer. $309 - - SLITS Fonts. Files and fonts for the ~TEXslide PCW+ PCDOT + WEW.This package macros. 335- $28 gives you all the TEX and MAXview benefits, to- gether with our dot-matrix device driver for reliable, NELSON BEEBE Device Drivers. C source code low cost printing. $394- $309 for the do-it-yourself TFX hacker. -$X $28 II PC T@ + PCDOT. As above, without the MAXview screen previewer. +E+S- $260 Don't spend another day Tflless. To order, just dial I PCMF-METRFONT for the PC. Lets you design fonts and create graphics. (Not for the novice.) %l9% $156 PERSONAL PC METRFONT Upgrade 'Ib 1.3C. Includes the PCMF manual. $28 PTI LASER HP+ SERTES. This device driver for the HP LaserJet Plus and Series I1 laser printers takes full advantage of the 512K resident memory. %f4f- $156 PTI LASER POSTSCRIPT. Device driver for Post- Script printer; allows the resident fonts and graphic images to be used in TEX in documents. INC +W%- $156 IZMedrona Aienus Mill Vallsy. CA9494I VlSA!MTilC helmrned Requires: DO5 2 0 or lofer, 51 2K LAM, 1 OM hard disk TEX is an Americon Mothernotical Society TM. PCTEX ir a Personal TEX, Inc TM. Monufocturerr' names ore heir TMr Odrids he USA, order through your local PCTEX didributor Inquire obout ovoiioble distributor- ships and rite licenra. This ad was produced using PC TEX ond Bastreom fonts ST-mand ST-METRFONT The Implementation of T'X and METAFONT for the ATARI-ST is available now Your hardware configuration should be: Computer: ATARI 520 ST, 1040 STF, MEGA ST ... . Main memory: 1 MB. Monitor: monochrome. Printer: EPSON, NEC, OKI, ATARI SLM 804, HP-Laserjet. Peripherals: double sided disk drive. The ST-wpackage consists of: Knuth w 2.1, INIT,plain w and German plain '&X. TFM files, DVI driver for screen including the full font set and driver for various printers including fonts for one printer and one resolution. The ST-METAFONT package consists of: Knuth METAFONT 1.0, plain METAFONT , INIMF, utilities and METAFONTsource files for the fonts of the and system. 0 ST-TEX 198.00 DM Shipping and handling OBW 70.00 DM Europe 15.00 DM 0 ST-METAFONT 298.00 DM Elsewhere 20.00 DM 0 BiB'QX 17.50 DM European Community add 14% VAT DM OEPSON - FX, 0EPSON - MX, 0NEC/PG,O NEC/P2,O EPSON - LQ/SQ, OHP - Laserjet+, 0 ATARI - SLM804. Please indicate the payment method you choose. 0 Check, 0 Money Order, 0 Credit Card. General correspondence should be adressed to: Tools GmbH, Kessenicher StraBe 108, D-5300 Bonn 1, (FRG) Index of Advertisers 210, 213 American Mathematical Society 216 ArborText cover 3 Blue Sky Research 220 Computer Composition 224 Interbase 214, 215, 218 K-Talk Communications 223 Kinch Computer Company 221 Micro Publishing Systems, Inc. 226 Neenie Billawala 225 Personal w Inc. 217 'l&Xplorators Metafont Design and Consulting 222 wnology, Inc. N EENI E BI LLAWALA (408)253-4833 226 Tools GmbH. 841 Stendhal Lane, Cupertino, CA 95014 219 Washington State University {ihnpy, seismo, decwrl . . . . ]!sun!metamarks!nb Supplement, Page 1 : Bugs in Computers & Typesetting 19 June 1988 Bugs in Computers & Typesetting 19 June 1988 This is a list of corrections made to Computers & Typesetting, Volumes A-E, since the last publication of the Errata and Changes list (15 February 88). Corrections to the softcover version of The Wbook are the same as corrections to Volume A: corrections to the softcover version of The METRFONTbook are the same as corrections to Volume C. Page A359, lines 35-38 (5/24/88) Page A364, line 35 (6119188) \def \fmtname{plain)\def \fmtversion{2.93} % identifies the current format Pane A463, left column (4117188) Page B2, line 32 (6/19/88) define banner *This,isuTeX ,uVersionu2.93. { printed when starts ) Page B54, line 35 (6/19/88) else t +- lo-mem-mas +l+(hi-mem-min - lo-mem-max)div2; { lo-mem-max +2 5 t < hi-mem-min ) Page B108, new line after line 8 (5/24/88) d: integer; { number of characters in incomplete current string ) Pane B108. lines 31-33 (5124188) str-room(1); d +- cur-length; while pool-ptr > str-start[&-ptr] do begin decr (pool-ptr);str-pool [pool-ptr + I] +- str-pool [pool-ptr]; end; { move current string up to make room for another ) for k +- j toj + 1 - 1 do append-char(buffer[k]); text(p) +- make-string; pool-ptr +- pool-ptr + d; Page B115, line 12 (4128188) group-code = 0 . . max-group-code; { save-level for a level boundary } par-token : halfword; { token representing '\par1) Supplement, Page 2 : Bugs in Computers & Typesetting 19 June 1988 Page B150, line 24 (4/28/88) 358. The present point in the program is reached only when the expand routine has inserted Page B151, mini-index (4128188) Delete the entry for 'no-ewand'; replace it by: expand: procedure, 5366. Page B162, lines 12-14 (4130188) repeat lznk(temp-head) t null; if (info(r)> match-token + 127) V (info(r) < match-token) then s +- null else begin match-chr +- info(r) - match-token; s t link(r); r t s; p +- temp-head; m t 0; Page B181, line 31 (4/28/88) [Change 'x units per sp' to 'x sp per unit'! This change also should be made on line 1 of page B183 and line -8 of page B590.1 Parre B188. line 8 (5125188) -- function str-toks(b : pool-poznter): poznter: { changes the string str-pool[b . . pool-ptr] to a token list ) Page B188, line 13 (5/25/88) begin str-room(1); p + temp-head; link(p) +- null; lc t b; Page B188, line 20 (5125188) pool-ptr +- b; str-toks t p; Paae B188. new line after line 28 (5125188) b: pool-pointer; {base of temporary string) Page B188, line 31 (5/25/88) else begin old-setting +- selector; selector +- new-string; b +- pool-ptr; Paae B188. line 41 (5125188) selector +- old-settzng; the-toks +- str-toks(b); Page B190, lines 16-18 (5/25/88) - b: pool-poznter; { base of temporary string ) begin c t- cur-chr; { Scan the argument for command c 471 ); old-settzng t selector; selector +- new-strzng; b t pool-ptr; (Print the result of command c 472); selector +- old-settzng; lznk(garbage) +- str-toks(b); zns-lzst (lznk(temp-head)); Page B210, line 36 (5/25/88) begin if (pool-ptr + name-length > pool-size) V (str-ptr = mas-strings) V (cur-length > 0) then Page B285, line 21 (4/28/88) is subsidiary to the nucleus field of some noad; the dot is replaced by '-' or '-' or '/' or '\' if p is Supplement, Page 3 : Bugs in Computers & Typesetting 19 June 1988 Page B387, line 2 (5/24/88) is quite short. In the following code we set hc[hn + 21 to the impossible value 128, in order to Page B387, line 8 (5/24/88) hc[O]+ 127; hc[hn + 11 t 127; hc[hn + 21 + 128; {insert delimiters) Pane B390. lines 17-18 (5124188) (Enter as many hyphenation exceptions as are listed, until coming to a right brace; then return 961): [The same change applies to lines 20-21, and to page 582.1 Page B396, new line after line 34 (5/24/88) trie-link(trze-size) +- 0; trie-back(0) + trie-size; {wrap around} Pane B397. lines 15-17 (5124188) begin c +- trie-c [p]; if c < trie-min then trie-min t c; if trie-min = 0 then z +- trie-link(trie-size) else z +- trie-link(trie-min - 1); {get the first conceivably good hole} Page B400, lines 3-4 (5/24/88) (Enter all of the patterns into a linked trie, until coming to a right brace 961) r [The same change applies to page B399, lines 29-30, and to page 582.1 Paae B402. line 10 (5124188) r + trie-szze; { finally, we will zero out the holes ) Page B552, left column (4/28/88) [Insert '358' into expand.] Page B562, left column (4/28/88) [Remove '358' from no-eqand .] Page B568, left column (4/28/88) [Move '269' from save-index to save-level.] Pane C164, line 10 (4127188) numeric ht#, dp#; ht# = body-height#; .5[ht#, -dp#] = axis#; Page C337, line 11 (4/28/88) An online "menu1' of the available test routines will be typed at your terminal Supplement, Page 4 : Bugs in Computers & Typesetting 19 June 1988 Page D2, line 27 (6/19/88) define banner E -Thisuis,METAFONT,uVersionul .5- {printed when METRFONT starts} else t +- lo-mem-max + l+(hi-mem-min - lo-mem_max)div2; { lo-mem-max 125 t < hi-mem-min } Page D420, bottom line (5125188) if txx mod unity = 0 then Page D441, delete line 2 and change line 12 as follows (5125188) done: if eq-type(x)# tag-token then clear-symbol(x,false); if equiv (x)= null then new-root(x); scan-declared-variable +- h; Supplement, Page 5: Changes to the Programs and Fonts 19 June 1988 Changes to the Programs and Fonts 19 June 1988 w Changes subsequent to errata publication, 15 February 88: 338. \outer\def\aO{)\a\a shows temp-head list garbage (Silvio Levy, 20Apr88) Qx module 391 repeat if (info(r)>match~token+127)or(info(r) 339. \def\\#l {)\input a\\b failed (Robert Messer, 24Apr88) Qx module 259 var h:integer ; {hash code) QY var h:integer; {hash code) @!d:integer; {number of characters in incomplete current string) Qz Qx module 260 str-room(1) ; for k:=j to j+l-1 do append-char(bufferCk1); text (p) :=make-string; QY str-room(1); d:=cur-length; while pool-ptr>str-start[str-ptr] do begin decr(poo1-ptr) ; str-pool [pool-ptr+l] :=str-pool[pool-ptrl ; end; (move current string up to make room for another) for k:=j to j+l-1 do append-char(buff er [k] ) ; text(p):=make-string; pool-ptr:=pool-ptr+d; Qz Supplement, Page 6 : Changes to the Programs and Fonts 19 June 1988 340. Make patterns work when trie-min=0 (Peter Breitenlohner, 10May88) Qx module 951 trie_max:=128; trie_min:=128;trie-link(0):=1; trie-takenC01 :=false; QY trie_rnax:=128; trie_rnin:=128; trie-link(0):=1; trie-taken[O]:=false; trie-link(trie-size):=O; trie-back(O):=trie-size; {wrap around) Qz Qx module 953 begin c :=trie-c[pl ; {we have I c>0 1 ) if cctrie-min then trie-min:=c; z:=trie-link(trie-min-1); {get the first conceivably good hole) QY begin c : =trie-c [pl ; if cctrie-min then trie-min:=c; if trie-min=O then z:=trie-link(trie-size) else z:=trie-link(trie-min-1); {get the first conceivably good hole) Qz Qx module 966 r:=O; {finally, we will zero out the holes) QY r:=trie-size; {finally, we will zero out the holes) Qz 341. Avoid possible trie-pointer out of range (24May88) Qx module 923 hc [O] :=127; hc [hn+l] :=127; hc [hn+2] :=256; {insert delimiters) QY hc [0] : =l27; hc [hn+l] : =I27 ; hc [hn+2] : =l28; {insert delimiters) Qz 342. \input a\romannumerall etc.; similar to bug 339. (25May88) 0x module 464 Qp function str-toks:pointer; {changes the current string to a token list) QY Qp function str-toks(Q!b:pool-pointer):pointer; {changes the string I str-pool [b. .pool-ptr] 1 to a token list) 0z Qx module 464, continued p: =temp-head; link(p) :=null; k:=str-start Cstr-ptrl ; QY p:=temp-head; link(p) :=null; k:=b; Qz 0x module 464, concluded pool-ptr:=str-start Cstr-ptr]; str-toks:=p; QY pool-ptr:=b; str-toks:=p; Qz Supplement, Page 7: Changes to the Programs and Fonts 19 June 1988 @x module 465 begin get-x-token; scan~something~internal(tok~val,false); if cur-val-level>=ident-val then @ @x module 465, continued selector:=old-setting; the-toks:=str-toks; Q Y selector:=old-setting; the-toks:=str-toks(b); @z @x module 470 begin c:=cur-chr; @ @ Y Qlb:pool-pointer; (base of temporary string) begin c:=cur-chr; @ 343. **\input\romannumeral6 confusion bypassed (25May88) @x module 525 begin if (pool~ptr+name~length>pool~size)or(str~ptr=maxstringsthen @Y begin if (pool~ptr+name~length>pool~size)or(str~ptr=max~strings~or (cur-length>O) then Qz 344. Avoid negative divisor rounding upward (Chris Thompson, fixed 19Jun88) @x module 126 else t:=(lo-mem-max+hi_mem_min+2) div 2; {~lo~mem~max+2<=t 345. (I sincerely hope that there won't be any more) Supplement, Page 8 : Changes to the Programs and Fonts 19 June 1988 METAFONT Changes subsequent to publication of errata list, 15 February 88: 540. Typo suppresses an error detection (Chris Thompson, 2May88) Qx module 963 if txy mod unity=O then if tyy mod unity=O then QY if txx mod unity=O then if tyy mod unity=O then Qz 541. get-x-token can lose a scanned declared variable (Chris Thompson, 4~ay88) Qx module 1011 if equiv(x)=null then new-root(x); QY Qz Qx module 1011 done:scan-declared-variable:=h; QY done: if eq-type(x) <>tag-token then clear-symbol(x ,false) ; if equiv(x)=null then new-root(x); scan-declared-variable:=h; Qz 542. Avoid negative divisor rounding upward (Chris Thompson, fixed 19Jun88) Qx module 168 else t:=(lo-mem-max+hi_mem_min+2) div 2; {llo~mem~max+2~=t 543. (I sincerely hope that there won't be any more) Computer Modern fonts Changes subsequent to publication of the errata list, 15 February 88: No later changes. Users Group Membership List -Supplement August 1988 This supplementary list, compiled on 16 June 1988, includes the names of all persons who have become members of TUG or whose addresses have changed since publication of the full membership list, compiled on 15 February 1988 and bound into TUGboat Vol. 9, No. 1. All institutional members are listed. Total membership: 149 institutional members and 2,886 individuals affiliated with more than 1,350 colleges and universities, commercial publishers, government agencies, and other organizations throughout the world having need for an ad- vanced composition system. The following information is included for each listing of an individual member, where it has been provided: Name and mailing address Telephone number Network address Title and organizational affiliation, when that is not obvious from the mailing address Computer and typesetting equipment available to the mem- ber, or type of equipment on which his organization wishes to (or has) installed TEX Uses to which TEX may be put, or a general indication of why the member is interested in TE,X CONTENTS Site Coordinators, Steering Committee and members of other TUG Committees 2 Institutional Members 3 .Addresses of TUG Members: additions and changes from 15 February 1988 through 16 June 1988 5 TEX consulting and production services for sale 14 Recipients of this list are encouraged to use it to identify others with similar interests, and, as TUG members, to keep their own listings up-to-date in order for the list to remain as useful as possible. New or changed information may be submitted on the membership renewal form bound into the back of a recent issue of TUGboat. Comments on ways in which the content and presentation of the membership list can be improved are welcome. This list is intended for the private use of TUG members: it is not to be used as a source of names to be included in mailing lists or for other purposes not approved by TUG. Additional copies are available from TUG. Mailing lists of current TUG membership are available for purchase. For more information, contact Ray Goucher, TUG Executive Director. Distributed with TUGboat Volume 9 (1988), No. 2. Published by TEX Users Group P. 0. Box 9506 Providence, R.I. 02940-9506, U. S. A. M-4 Institutional Members August 1988 Talaris Systems. Inc. University of California, Berkeley University of lllinois at Chicago University of Vermont San Diego, California Computer Science Division Computer Center Burlington, Vermont Berkeley, California Chicago, lllinois Texas A & M University University of Washington Computing Services Center University of California, lrvine University of Illinois at Department of Computer Science College Station. Texas Department of Mathematics Urbana-Champaign Seattle, Washington Computer Science Department Texas A & M University Irvine, California University of Western Australia Urbana, Illinois Department of Computer Science University of California, lwine Regional Computing Centre College Station, Texas lnformation & Computer Science University of Kansas Nedlands, Australia Academic Computing Services Tribune TV Log Iwine, California University of Wisconsin Glens Falls. New York Lawrence, Kansas University of California. Academic Computing Center TRW. Inc. San Diego University of Maryland Madison. Wisconsin College Park, Maryland Redondo Beach, California La Jolla, California Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden Tufts University University of California, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts Medford. Massachusetts San Francisco Vanderbilt University TV Guide Sari Francisco, California University of North Carolina Nashville, Tennessee School of Public Health Radnor, Pennsylvania University of Chicago Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke AG Chapel Hill, North Carolina TYX Corporation Computation Center Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany Chicago, lllinois Reston, Virginia University of Oslo Villanova University lnstitute of Informatics UN1.C University of Chicago Villanova, Pennsylvania Blindern. Oslo, Norway Danmarks EDB-Center Computer Science Department Vrije Universiteit Aarhus, Denmark Chicago, lllinois University of Ottawa Amsterdam, The Netherlands Ottawa, Ontario, Canada University College University of Chicago Washington State University Cork, Ireland Graduate School of Business University of Southern California Pullman, Washington University of Alabama Chicago, lllinois lnformation Sciences lnstitute Widener University Tuscaloosa, Alabama Marina del Rey. California University of Crete Computing Services University of British Columbia lnstitute of Computer Science University of Stockholm Chester. Pennsylvania Computing Centre Research Center Department of Mathematics John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated Vancouver, British Columbia, Heraklio, Crete. Greece Stockholm. Sweden New York, New York Canada University of Delaware University of Tennessee at Worcester Polytechnic lnstitute University of British Columbia Newark, Delaware Knoxville Mathematics Department Department of Electrical Engineering Worcester, Massachusetts University of Exeter Vancouver, British Columbia, Knoxville, Tennessee Yale University Computer Unit Canada Computer Center Exeter. Devon. England University of Texas at Austin University of Calgary Physics Department New Haven, Connecticut Calgary, Alberta, Canada University of Glasgow Austin, Texas Yale University Glasgow, Scotland University of California, Berkeley University of Texas at Dallas Department of Computer Science Academic Computing Services University of Groningen Center for Space Science New Haven, Connecticut Berkeley, California Groningen, The Netherlands Dallas. Texas (149 institutional members as of 1 Jul 1988) M-14 TEX Consulting and Production Services August 1988 TEX Consulting and Production Services North America RICHERT, Norman 1614 Loch Lake Drive, El Lago, TX 77586; ALDINE PRESS (713) 326-2583 'I$$ macro consulting. 12625 La Cresta Drive, Los Altos Hills, CA 94022; (415) 948-2149 WNOLOGY, Inc., Amy Hendrickson Composition services for mathematical and technical books. 57 Longwood Ave., Brookline, MA 02146; AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY (617) 738-8029. macro writing (author of Macrow); custom macros P. 0. Box 6248, Providence, RI 02940; written to meet publisher's or designer's specifications; (401) 272-9500, ext. 224 instruction. Typesetting from DVI files on an Autologic APS Micr-5. Times Roman and Computer Modern fonts. Composition services for mathematical and technical books and journal production. Outside North America ARBORTEXT, Inc. 535 W. William, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48103; BAZARGAN, Kaveh (313) 996-3566 Optics Section, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College Typesetting from DVI files on an Autologic APS-5. of Science and Technology, London SW7 2BZ, U.K.; Computer Modern and standard Autologic fonts. (01) 589 5111 ext. 6841 TEX installation and applications support. Instruction in m: for beginner and intermediate levels. TEX-related software products. Custom macros, including complex tables. ARCHETYPE PUBLISHING, Inc., WPERT SYSTEMS Ltd., Lori McWilliam Pickert (Malcolm Clark and Cathy Booth) P. 0. Box 6567, Champaign, IL 61821; (217) 359-8178 5, Northernhay Square, Exeter, EX4 3ES, Devon, U.K.; Experienced in producing and editing technical journals (0392) 76091 with 'I$$; complete book production from manuscript The Complete 'I$$ Service: consultation, all levels of to camera-ready copy; rn macro writing including document production, printing, customised style sheets complete macro packages; consulting. (macros) to simplify text input, comprehensive training courses (will travel). HOENIG, Alan 17 Bay Avenue, Huntington, NY 11743; (516) 385-0736 WWORKS Pty. Ltd. 'I$$ typesetting services including complete book 157 Danks Street, Albert Park, Melbourne, Victoria 3206, production; macro writing; individual and group Australia; 61 3 699 4083 instruction. Commercial versions of 'I$$ and screen previewers for computers including PC, Macintosh, Amiga, Unix, KUMAR, Romesh VAX, and 'I$$-related products; print drivers for dot 1028 Emerald, Naperville, IL 60540; (312) 972-4342 matrix printers, 300 dpi lasers, and phototypesetters Beginners and intermediate group/individual instruction (Autologic, Compugraphic and Linotronic); in 'I$$. Development of 'I'EX macros for specific assistance with information on public domain software; purposes. Using 'I$$ with FORTRAN for consulting for typesetters and other TkX users. custom-tailored software. Flexible hours, including evenings and weekends. VARDAS 88, North Rd., St. Andrews, Bristol, BS6 5AJ, U.K.; OGAWA, Arthur (0272) 428709 920 Addison, Palo Alto, CA 94301; (415) 323-9624 'I$$ consultation, instruction, macro writing, book Experienced in book production, macro packages, production, consulting. programming, and consultation. Complete book production from computer-readable copy to camera-ready copy. Information about this service can be obtained from Ray Goucher, Users Group, P. 0. Box 9506, Providence, RI 02940, (401) 751-7760.