The Economic Contribution of -Based Industries in

Creative Industries Series No. 7 For more information contact WIPO at www.wipo.int World Organization 34, chemin des Colombettes P.O. Box 18 CH-1211 Geneva 20

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Front cover photos courtesy of photos-public-domain.com (sheet music, bookshop and mandolin), http://www.copyright-free-images.com (radio tower and receiver) August 2013 and http://www.freedigitalphotos.net (beading) The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania The Economic Contribution of

24 August 2012 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Europos socialiai,teisiniaiirekonominiaiprojektai (ESTEP) Ministry ofCulture ofthe The Studywasprepared by Republic ofLithuania and supportedbythe The Economic Contribution of 1 Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania 6 7 69 64 74 76 62 51 51 54 56 59 60 62 47 58 44 37 37 39 23 27 27 32 20 20 22 23 27 17 17 19 16 13 15 12 15 y w in Lithuania and Press and Databases Software Advertising Services Datasets Time Series Supply and Use Tables General Employment Trends Employment of Separate Copyright Industries Overview of Copyright Industry Development in Each Copyright Industry Type Added Structure Value Economic Rights Moral Rights Limitation of Rights Subject Matter of Protection of Work Shared Copyright Activities Copyright Shared List of Copyright Activities Copyright Factors Copyright Industries The Most Important Core Data Targeted Comparison of foreign trade, value added and employment trade, value added and Comparison of foreign Productivity in Major Copyright Activities Productivity Employment in the Copyright Industry Collective Rights Management Added of the Copyright Industry Value Rights granted to Right Holders Subject Matter and Beneficiaries of the Copyright Law Subject Matter and International copyright law Background Information on the Study Information on Background Law on Copyright and Current ytical Approach 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 4.1.1 4.1.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.1.1 3.1.2 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 4.4 ons Conclusion and Recommendati 4.3 4.2 3.5 4.1 Anal 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.5 3.1 e Copyright Industr Economic Contribution of th 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.1 2.1 o the Study Introduction t Copyright La 5. Bibliography 4. 3. Executive Summary 1. 2. Abbreviations Abbreviations Table of Contents 2 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Annex 12. Annex 11. Annex 10. Annex 9. Annex 8. Annex 7. Annex 6. Annex 5. outptofCopyrighIndustr Annex 4. Annex 3. S Annex 2. dATA Imputation andEstimation Annex 1. AnnexES A Complete pyrightActivitListwithrresponding Copyright Industr Copyright Industr Imports ofServices ofCorepyrightIndustr Exports ofServices ofCorepyrightIndustr Copyright Industr Employment ofCopyrighIndustr Copyright Industr Copyright Industr V alue AdddofCopyrightIndustr ttributes andFact ors, NACE1.1 y ContributiontoImprts ofServices, % y ContributiontoExprts ofServices, % y ContributiontoEmploymen y ContributiontoOutp y ContributiontoGrssV y, LTL million y, fulltimeunits y, LTL million , % alue Addd,% y, LTL million y, LTL million , % 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 77 77 The Economic Contribution of 3 Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania 30 30 31 31 32 33 34 34 35 36 36 37 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 43 43 43 49 49 49 50 50 50 50 51 52 Copyright Industry Value Added by Industry Type, % by Industry Type, Added Value Copyright Industry Copyright Industry Value Added by Industry Type, LTL million LTL by Industry Type, Added Value Copyright Industry Copyright Industry’s GDP share by Industry Type, % by Industry Type, GDP share Copyright Industry’s Copyright Industry Contribution to GDP by Industry Type, LTL million LTL Contribution to GDP by Industry Type, Copyright Industry Core Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Added, % Value to Gross Copyright Industry Contribution Core million LTL Copyright Industry, Added of Core Value Interdependent Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Added, % Added, Value to Gross Copyright Industry Contribution Interdependent Value Added of Interdependent Copyright Industry, LTL million LTL Copyright Industry, Added of Interdependent Value Partial Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Added, % Added, Value to Gross Partial Copyright Industry Contribution Value Added of Partial Copyright Industry, LTL million LTL Added of Partial Copyright Industry, Value Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Added, % Value Contribution to Gross Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry Value Added of Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry, LTL million LTL Industry, Added of Non-dedicated Support Copyright Value Copyright Industry Employment by Industry Type, % Type, Copyright Industry Employment by Industry Copyright Industry Employment by Industry Type, full time units full Type, Copyright Industry Employment by Industry Core Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment, % Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment, Core Employment in Core Copyright Industry, full time units Copyright Industry, Employment in Core Interdependent Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment, % Copyright Industry Contribution Interdependent Employment in Interdependent Copyright Industry, full time units Copyright Industry, Employment in Interdependent Partial Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment, % Partial Copyright Industry Contribution Employment in Partial Copyright Industry, full time units Employment in Partial Copyright Industry, Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment, % Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment, Employment in Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry, full time units Employment in Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry, Copyright Industry Contribution to the Economy, % Copyright Industry Contribution to the Economy, Copyright Industry Contribution to Exports, % Copyright Industry Contribution to the Export of Services, % Copyright Industry Contribution to Imports, % Copyright Industry Contribution to the Imports of Services, % Copyright Industry Export of Services, LTL million Copyright Industry Export of Services, LTL Copyright Industry Imports of Services, LTL million Copyright Industry Imports of Services, LTL and Literature Number of Enterprises in Press Value Added in Press and Literature, % and Literature, Press Added in Value Table 1: Table Ta b l e s Table 2: Table Table 3: Table Table 4: Table Table 5: Table Table 6: Table Table 7: Table Table 8: Table Table 9: Table Table 10: Table Table 11: Table Table 12: Table Table 13: Table Table 14: Table Table 15: Table Table 16: Table Table 17: Table Table 18: Table Table 19: Table Table 20: Table Table 21: Table Table 22: Table Table 23: Table Table 24: Table Table 25: Table Table 26: Table Table 27: Table Table 28: Table Table 29: Table Table 30: Table Table 31: Table 4 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Table 47: Table 46: Table 45: Table 44: Table 43: Table 42: Table 41: Table 40: Table 39: Table 38: Table 37: Table 36: Table 35: Table 34: Table 33: Table 32: Distribution ofShared CopyrightEconomicActivitiesinLithuania,2000–2008 Employment ofCopyrightCollectingSocietiesinLithuania Distribution ofShared CopyrightEconomicActivitiesinBulgaria,2005 Shared CopyrightActivitiesList Complete CopyrightActivitiesListUsedintheStudy Copyright FactorsofSelectedCountries Information onAdvertisingServices(74.40),innominalterms Information onAdvertisingServices(74.40),% Employment inSoftware and Databases,fulltimeunits Employment inSoftware and Databases,% Value AddedinSoftware andDatabases,LTL million Value AddedinSoftware andDatabases,% Number ofEnterprisesinSoftware andDatabases Employment inPress andLiterature, % Employment inPress andLiterature, fulltimeunits Value AddedinPress andLiterature, LTL million 72 72 71 70 65 63 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 52 The Economic Contribution of 5 Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 37 38 38 40 41 42 43 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 47 47 48 48 Copyright Industry Contribution to GVA and GDP, % and GDP, Contribution to GVA Copyright Industry Contribution of the Copyright Industry to GVA in 2008, % Copyright Industry to GVA Contribution of the Contribution of Copyright Industries to GDP, % Industries to GDP, Contribution of Copyright Copyright Industry Value Added by Industry Type, % by Industry Type, Added Value Copyright Industry Copyright Industry Contribution to GVA and GDP, LTL million LTL and GDP, Contribution to GVA Copyright Industry Core Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Added in 2008, % Value to Gross Copyright Industry Contribution Core Interdependent Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Added in 2008, % Added Value to Gross Copyright Industry Contribution Interdependent Figure 8. Partial Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Added in 2008, % Added Value to Gross 8. Partial Copyright Industry Contribution Figure Non-Dedicated Support Copyright Industry Contribution to Non-Dedicated Support Copyright Industry Added in 2008, % Value Gross Employment by Copyright Industry in Lithuania in 2008, % Employment by Copyright Industry in Contribution of Copyright Industries to Employment, % Contribution of Copyright Industries Copyright Industry Employment by Industry Type, % Type, Copyright Industry Employment by Industry Core Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment in 2008, % Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment Core Interdependent Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment in 2008, % Copyright Industry Contribution Interdependent Partial Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment in 2008, % Partial Copyright Industry Contribution Non-Dedicated Support Copyright Industry Contribution to Non-Dedicated Support Copyright Industry Employment in 2008, % Press and Literature Contribution to Economy, % Contribution to Economy, and Literature Press Software and Databases Contribution to Economy, % and Databases Contribution to Economy, Software Advertising Services Contribution to Economy, % Advertising Services Contribution to Economy, Paper Contribution to Economy, % Paper Contribution to Economy, TV Sets, Radios, VCRs, CD Players, DVD Players, Cassette Players, Electronic Gaming TV Sets, Radios, VCRs, CD Players, DVD Players, Cassette Players, Electronic % Equipment, Other Similar Equipment Contribution to Economy, Computers and Equipment Contribution to Economy, % Computers and Equipment Contribution to Economy, Architecture, Engineering, Surveying Contribution to Economy, % Engineering, Surveying Contribution to Economy, Architecture, Furniture Contribution to Economy, % Furniture Contribution to Economy, Other Crafts Contribution to Economy, % Other Crafts Contribution to Economy, General Wholesale and Retailing Contribution to Economy, % General Wholesale and Retailing Contribution to Economy, General Transportation Contribution to Economy, % Contribution to Economy, General Transportation Telephony and Internet Contribution to Economy, % and Internet Contribution to Economy, Telephony Exports Shares in 2008, % Exports Shares Copyright Industry Contribution to Lithuanian Economy, % Copyright Industry Contribution to Lithuanian Economy, igure 1: Figure F i g u r e s igure 2: Figure igure 3: Figure igure 4: Figure igure 5: Figure igure 6: Figure igure 7: Figure igure 8: Figure igure 9: Figure igure 10: Figure igure 11: Figure igure 12: Figure igure 13: Figure igure 14: Figure igure 15: Figure igure 16: Figure igure 17: Figure igure 18: Figure 19: Figure 20: Figure 21: Figure 22: Figure 23: Figure 24: Figure 25: Figure 26: Figure 27: Figure 28: Figure 29: Figure 30: Figure 6 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania WPPT WCT WIPO VAT TRIPS SU(T) SCAPR PCI OECD NSO NDCI NCB NATA NACE LTL LDS LATGA-A ICI GVA GDP FTU ESTEP EU EC CPA CMOs CISAC CIs AVAKA AGICOA AEPO-ARTIS Abbreviations WIPO PerformancesandPhonogramsTreaty WIPO CopyrightTreaty World IntellectualProperty Organization Value AddedTax Agreement onTrade-Related AspectsofIntellectualProperty Rights Supply andUse(Tables) The Societies’CouncilfortheCollectiveManagementofPerformers’Rights Partial CopyrightIndustries Organisation forEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment National StatisticalOfficeofLithuania Non-dedicated SupportCopyrightIndustry Nordisk CopyrightBureau Music CopyrightAssociation Classification ofEconomicActivitiesintheEuropean Community Litas (Lithuaniancurrency) Lithuanian DepartmentofStatistics Lithuanian CopyrightProtection Association Intermediate CopyrightIndustries Gross Value Added Gross DomesticProduct Units(forEmployment) Full Time Public CompanyEuropossocialiai,teisiniaiirekonominiaiprojektai European Community Classification ofProducts by Activity Collective ManagementOrganisations ConfederationofAuthorsandComposers International Copyright Industries Association ofCopyrightinAudiovisualWorks Owners Rights Related and ’ Works Audiovisual of Protection Rights on Association Association ofEuropean Performers’ Organisations The Economic Contribution of 7 Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania The analysis shows 1 The employment figures were analysed for the period of 2001–2008, the export figures, for the period of 2004–2008. analysed for the period of 2001–2008, the export figures, were The employment figures A detailed statistical analysis of the value added of Lithuanian copyright copyright-related industry economic comprised activities 5.40 percent shows of that the gross the value added in to 2008 gross while, domestic compared product (GDP), it made up 4.93 percent. The is explained difference by the between fact that these gross value two added does measures not include net taxes on products or the value added measure tax Both GVA (VAT). the net on taxes based and is cannot VAT largely research be This attributed GVA. to of economic terms in activities; than thus, GDP a of share terms of in smaller the is industry copyright aim current the suits researchers, among consensus emerging the to according which, study, the throughout better; nevertheless, due to in provided GDP country comparability the are percentages reasons, aggregates as well. The following Figure shows that both measures are moving strictly in parallel and are of differences the same scale each year. that the Lithuanian copyright and related rights industry made up between copyright 4.79 The 2008. in value percent 5.40 being and 2000–2008, of period the over annually economy 5.62 percent country’s of the industry in Lithuania is more important in terms of gross value added (GVA) than in terms of employment as it is more productive than the economy in general. economy One copyright the employee of contribution in The creative industries economy. national creates the of a rest the larger to compared added value gross to the foreign exports country’s falls close to its contribution to the national employment and to the gross four into subdivided is studies, copyright other in case the is as economy, copyright The well. as added value segments: core, interdependent, partial and non-dedicated support industries. The core copyright industry contributed 2.79 percent to the economy in 2008. The largest copyright industry in 2000–2008 was Press and Literature with a little less than 1 percent contribution to the economy at the end rapidly of the growing period. Software The and Databases industry, classified as a core copyright activity,catching up. has quickly been 1 The Lithuanian copyright-based sector was analysed in terms of foreign trade contributions the of this value industry to added, the Lithuanian employment, economy in and 2000–2008. the Economic Contribution Collective management of copyright and related rights activities is regulated under the Copyright 2012, Law. In there were five Collective Management Organisations (CMOs)to in Lithuania.the 1990s Two and CMOshave date back many members; newer ones are still copyright rather owners small. are Authors, free performers to and choose other the appropriate CMO for the depending on their activities. enforcement of their economic rights The current Copyright Law is comprehensive and includes provisions for the regulation of copyright in literary, literary, in copyright of regulation the for provisions includes and comprehensive is Law Copyright current The databases. of makers of scientific rights the and and work, artistic audiovisual an of works, fixation first the of the rights producers and organisations, of authors, performers, producers of phonograms, broadcasting Since the restoration of national independence in Since the 1990, Lithuania restoration has ratified key international agreements. 1996); in (ratified Works Artistic and Literary of Protection the on BerneConvention 1886 the include: These the 1961 Rome Convention on the Protection of Phonograms of Performers, Producers of Protection Producers the on of Convention Geneva Phonograms 1971 the 1998); and in (ratified Organisations Broadcasting (ratified in 1999);Trade-Related the Aspects Agreement on of Intellectual Property Rights, or TRIPS, ratified or Treaty, Copyright WIPO the and WPPT, or Treaty, Phonograms and Performances WIPO 1996 the 2001); in WCT (ratified in 2000 and 2001). Copyright Law The regulation of copyright and related rights activities in Lithuania is well-developed; major of Republic the of Law the is law principal The internationaldecades. two last the over implemented been have standards was it as reworded was it 2003, In 1999. in force into came which Rights Related and Copyright on Lithuania (EU) Union European the of requirements legal the with Law Copyright national the harmonise to important accession to the EU. during Lithuania’s Executive Summary 8 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Copyright IndustryContributiontoGVA andGDP, % comparison demonstrates the relatively advanced stage of the Lithuanian copyright economy, which also correspondswhich tothehighly-developedlegalregulation ofthecopyrightactivities. economy, copyright Lithuanian the of stage advanced relatively the demonstrates comparison of part International corresponding Finland. in industry copyright the the than larger slightly than and neighbouring smaller in economy the slightly is comparingthe industry copyright pictureby Lithuanian the below, global research. presented statistical tothe As similar conducted have which countries other position in industry theLithuanian copyright the of of importance mapping allow above findings The Source: calculatedbytheauthors Copyright IndustryContributiontoGrossValue Addedin2008,% economy (GVA) ispresented inthefollowingFigure. the data with the national accounts aggregates. The structure of the economic contribution to the Lithuanian comprised industry, copyright support 1.07 non-dedicated the as classified traditionally is which and industry, 0.26 percent of the value added in the economy.created Finally,industry the part copyright of the economy which serves the copyright partial economy.The national the of percent 1.27 up industry,made copyright 2.79 industry,creating copyright of core the half comprised 2008 than in Moreindustry industry.copyright the copyright in created core added value the the by dominated is economy copyright the of structure The Source: calculatedbytheauthors percent of the value added. These numbers were derived from structural business statistics by reconciling percent of GVA. The interdependent copyright industry, which is the one most closely related to the core The Economic Contribution of 9 Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania percent percent of the total employment (value added equalled 5.40 percent). more Moreover, than half of Source: calculated by the authors Source: Employment by the Copyright Industry in Lithuania in 2008, % Source: calculated by WIPO and the authors Source: The analysis of the employment dynamics employment indicates than that value the added. copyright In industry 4.92 2008, generated slightly employment less in the copyright The interdependent Lithuanian copyright industry. was generated by the core the employment, 3.03 percent, copyright industry comprised industry made up 0.80 percent, while the partial employment. copyright Finally, industry the created non-dedicated 0.26 support percent of copyright the industry overall comprised employment. The 0.82 employment structure percent with regard of to the the Lithuanian copyright total industry is shown below. Figure in the National Contributions of Copyright Industries to GDP, % GDP, Industries to of Copyright National Contributions 10 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Contribution ofCopyrightIndustriestoEmployment,% countries examined. of productivity the assumption, other the compared to advanced as relatively defined be this could employment sector copyright Lithuanian the Following productive. relatively is industry copyright the that ranking means lower the fact, In . and Bulgaria between falls less Lithuania Nonetheless, generates contribution. added It measure. employment the countries, of different terms across value the of terms in close very ranked Lithuania countries which to Finland, and Latvia in than employment in productivity lower in ranks differences economy copyright to Lithuanian due the that, shows comparison international An than itsabilitytocontributerevenues from abroad. economy comprises 5.40% of value added, it shows that the domestic role of the copyright industry copyright is the Since higher 2008. in 4.89% up made and employment, of that to close remarkably was It services. and goods in export to contribution its was Lithuania in industry copyright the featurethirdof analysed The Source: WIPO The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania11 The research of the Lithuanian copyright industry was conducted consistently, applying the World Intellectual World the applying consistently, conducted was industry copyright Lithuanian the of research The Property Organization guidelines and recommendations. It was decided to cover several subsequent years (nine years in total), which is rather This rare decision helped in to the provide a copyright clearer industry picture of studies how the commissioned a nearly complete business cycle. throughout Lithuanian by copyright economy the was WIPO. evolving The last Part of the study provides technical details for those willing to conduct their own copyright studies. In studies. copyright own their conduct to willing those for reconciliation details technical imputation, provides study collection, the of data Part last of The parts technical most the user-friendly, more text the make to order in 12 dedicated annexes. presented with national accounting, and the underlying data are Source: calculated by the authors Source: Lithuania. in industries copyright core important most three the of analysis comprehensive a provides study This The analysis of these three, separately analysed, industries goes beyond their value added and employment components and includes an analysis of business During demography. the first decade of the millennium, the Press and Literature industry was experiencing the toughest ever period on record, in the reducing economy by its a third. During share the same period, the Software and Databases industry demonstrated an outstanding story of success, increasing its economic share twice Advertising over. Services, being third in in the economy by a half. terms of economic size, augmented its share Copyright Industry Contribution to the Lithuanian Economy, % Economy, Copyright Industry Contribution to the Lithuanian The statistical analysis shows that the value added and employment of related, the while copyright copyright-based industry exports are have closely a rather different dynamic. Development has in shown more the volatility when value compared to added a smoother employment trend. Nevertheless, both the the of contribution value The term. medium the in movements parallel exhibited measures employment and added copyright industry to foreign trade shows more similarities in its dynamics with employment than with the is industry copyright the of trade foreign in development economy, overall the in case the is As added. value much more pronounced if compared to contributions of the value added or employment. The table below Lithuanian copyright over the period 2000–2008. summarises the economic history of Source: calculated by the authors Source: Exports Structure in 2008, % Exports Structure 12 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania to employment,andforeign tradeingoodsandservices. cultural activitieswasapproximately twotimessmallerthantheirshare incountry’s valueadded. current on share the expenditure budget national target the policy that known better was it the figures, and budgetary From spending. sector reviewbudgetary copyright-related) to (and cultural them the enable to budget would national policy-makers allocating of for basis solid a Creating techniques. statistical comprehensive and reliable by supported not rejection, or confirmation for waiting assumption an was This Prior to the study it was assumed that the copyright-based industries created approximately 5 percent of GDP. specific andcomprehensive copyrightstudy. Tofromcountries? drawn other be a could for lessons need genuine therea questions was these all answer policy What decade? last the over rapidly most the developed has subsector copyright Which contributors? sector in the country? Which sectors of the copyright industry are the main contributors and which are minor What do the copyright industry’s development trends in Lithuania say about the perspectives of countries? this other to comparedeconomic when trade foreign and employment added, value of terms in stand industry A natural question raised many times by policy makers and analysts was where does the Lithuanian copyright Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). World the by developed standard analytical the to comparable means no by are which analysis of methods their country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and/or gross value added (GVA), studies National in more than 30 national countries have revealed that these industries aredecades. substantial contributors in terms of two to past the contribution over investigation considerable careful deserved a have and globe, make the across activities economies rights related and copyright on based Industries structure ofthestudy, andinformationregarding theappliedmethodologyandindicators. study,this economy.of Lithuanian objectives the the the to as and industries well purpose as presentsthe It relatedrights-based and copyright of contribution the measuring reasonsfor the Introductiondiscusses The . 1 4 3 2  activities. Guidelines for the Development of the Lithuanian Cultural Policy Firstly, such a study would help to build a sounder understanding of the economic value of copyright-related to thenationaleconomyisbuiltonthree arguments. All in all, the vital need for a detailed and extensive study of the contribution of the copyright-based industries 6 5 lhuh oyih-ae idsre ae oiial iprat n ihai, hy ae o be widely date. to been detail in not analysed 2005, in conducted was relatedstudy only The been have not has they economy the Lithuania, to contribution their in about Information important discussed. politically are industries copyright-based Although groups. For the copyright-related private sector, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of how each how of understanding clear a have to necessary is sector,it private copyright-related the For groups. Thirdly, the results of an extensive study of the copyright-based industries could be used by different interest comparablemethodologyinLithuaniacouldimproveapplication ofaninternationally policymaking. the that evident was It studies. country 30 over in tool methodological a as used been has Guide WIPO The for measuring the contribution of copyright-based industries in economic terms to a country’s development. Copyright-Based the of Contribution Economic the methodology providea to Guide’), ‘WIPO the hereafterreferredas 893, to No publication (WIPO Surveying Industries’ economy. on national ‘Guide the the to published industries (WIPO) cultural 2003, of In contribution the calculating for methodology national a Secondly, the Guidelines for the Development of the Lithuanian Cultural Policy define the need for developing existing attitudethatcopyright-related activitiesare onlysustainedbystaterevenues. the changing economy,possibly national and the to industries copyright-based the of contribution real the  Approved bytheLithuanianParliamentin2010. taxes onproducts. Nettaxesonproducts ismadeupoftaxesonproducts minussubsidiesonproducts. Gross DomesticProduct (GDP)andGross Value Added(GVA) are closelyrelated concepts.GDPisderivedfrom GVA byaddingnet

Importance oftheCopyrightandRelated Rights-BasedIndustryinLithuania’). Spending oncultural andleisure sectoris2.6 percent ofthenationalbudget (2011). TNS-Gallup, ESTEP, ‘Pramone The mostcompletesetofcopyright studiesmaybefoundontheWIPOwebsite.

y d u t S e h t o t n o i t c u d o r t n I s,susijusiossuautori u teise misirgretutine 4 but it was rather general, used extremely simple qualitative extremelysimple used general, rather was it but 3 misteise

mis,ekonomine 6 declare the intention of calculating svarbaLietuvoje.’2005 (‘Economic 2 as well as in their contribution 5 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania13 for encouraging the and growth development of copyright-based industries in the 2). It discusses the legal background for copyright-related works and the rights of relevant purpose and objectives of the study purpose and objectives ackground Information on the Study Background purpose of this study was to produce a precise map of the copyright-based industries in Lithuania in of copyright and related rights-based industries in the country by country the in industries rights-based related and copyright of contribution economic the quantify estimating their value added to GDP share (and of GVA), national employment, and revenue generated trade; foreign from analyse and elaborate selected copyright and rights-based related industries of importance to and market, labour patterns, supply and demand chain, value structure, market national their Lithuania, organisations; and other copyright-related of collective management organisations the role identify the comparative advantages of the Lithuanian copyright-based industries with regard to other countries; and a propose strategy country. The reliability and consistency of economic analysis are studies. essential They aspects are of needed the for quality better of applicability the of copyright copyright the management; therefore, the results team has of paid great attention the to the study analytical approach applied to in the future the endeavours The study. decision in was taken to analyse the economic contribution to the were GVA calculations and derived not were datasets Specific 2000–2008. for for series time entire the a investigate to but single year, unavailable performed were following statistics official the where procedure instance, of one In imputation Lithuania. of of Bank data the received from from and the Lithuania of Statistics Republic Department of the were calculations Most employed. were vendors data commercial from data some reasons, confidentiality for at recalculated were results contribution economic the stage, final the at However, prices. basic at completed of the Lithuanian The copyright- structure comparable to market with make prices GDP. them in more order related industry and its features were measured. Based on these results, copyright factors were evaluated. The very technical character of the methodology is dealt with in Part 4. The most complex technical details in Annex 1 of the study. presented are Part 3 presents the results of this study. It provides the presenting economic contribution employment, of and copyright trade. foreign to Comparing GVA, the an overview of the Lithuanian copyright industry by value added contribution with the employment contribution allows the examination of the development dynamic productivity in analysed of are aspects these all Moreover, constituents. its and industry copyright the over 2000–2008. 1.1 The study aims at presenting the economic contribution of the copyright industry to economy. Lithuania’s for a However, better understanding of economic processes in a the brief sector, legal analysis is presented as well (see Part subjects. Lithuania’s participation in international conventions and addition, agreements this is Part explained examines in collective detail. rights In operating in Lithuania. management and the collective management associations • • • • of the study were to: of the study were terms of economic value. The key objectives The 1.1 All things considered, detailed research into the economic value of the copyright-based industries provides the industries, actual which economic contribution of the creative and consistent dataset regarding a robust can serve as a basis for adjusting policies and strategies aimed at promoting sectors. national copyright-based growth and development in industry develops, its future prospects, and to be able to optimally allocate investments. be This instrumental study in could reviewing fiscal and structural policies inrelation to the copyright-related industries.the In long-term perspective, the results of the study will be conducive to evaluating the development of the copyright-based industries. 14 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania calculations ofthedataprovided hereafter. immediately credited are graphs and tables the all handled who study the this of authors the aresource in the sometimes, graph; or table data relevant the below external for sources The the that future. noted be should the It for recommendations and analysis the how thecopyrighteconomycontributioncouldbemeasured inLithuaniathemostcost-consciousway. and study of this of results the utilise conclusions to how to as authorities the national Lithuanian address recommendations presents 5 Part Finally, The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania15 statymas i

Sui Generis teisiu irgretutiniu teisiu Autoriu Sui Generis Right; Chapter 5, Collective Management of 7 Copyright Law in Lithuania Current Law on Copyright and Related Rights Current

See Judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania 5 July 2000, 27 March 2009 and 6 January 2011. 2009 See Judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania 5 July 2000, 27 March The following amendments should be noted: 2003), which implemented the 21 March effective of the Copyright Law, 2003 (new wording (1) Law No IX-1355 of 5 March 2001/29/EC. Information Society Directive 2004/48/EC Directive since 31 October 2006) which implemented the Enforcement (2) Law No X-855 of 12 October 2006 (effective 2004/84/EC; and the of the limitation of the author’s 2008) which amended the regulation since 27 March 2008 (effective (3) Law No X-1454 of 13 March exclusive right to publicly display the original or copies of a work.  The current Copyright Law consists of the following chapters: Chapter Copyright; 1, Chapter 3, General Related Provisions; Rights; Chapter Chapter 4, 2, (hereafter referred to as the ‘Copyright Law’ or the ‘Law’) is the main legislative source of copyright protection. protection. copyright of source legislative main the is ‘Law’) the or Law’ ‘Copyright the as to referred (hereafter Copyright the of wording initial The 1999. June 9 on force into came and 1999 May 18 on enacted first was It well-established the preserving as well as directives, EU contemporary the of provisions key the reflected Law French traditions of copyright protection that rested on the concept of individual rights. The new wording of the Copyright Law was adopted on 5 2003 March on (enforced 21 2003). March Since then, it has since European of transposition the to relating amendments significant most the with times several amended been in national law.8 Community Directives Copyright and Related Rights, and Chapter 6, Enforcement of Copyright, Related Rights and 7 8 The Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Copyright and Related Rights, Related and Copyright on Lithuania of Republic the of Law The In the early 1990s, Chapter 6 of the Civil Code of the Soviet Republic of Lithuania covering the introduction of copyright law was still in force, but started as well. The Civil Code the was amended in 1994. The principal amendments made to the of regulation process of amending and supplementing the legal some related rights activities was due acts to the fact that related rights activities was had no protection in Lithuania before that time. In 1996, the first law specifically dealing with the legalprotection of computerprograms and databases was passed and remained effective until the new Law on Copyright and Related Rights was on 1999. adopted and came into force 2.1 The main legislative source of copyright in Lithuania is the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Copyright and Copyright on Lithuania of Republic the of Law the is Lithuania in copyright of source legislative main The Related Rights. The Law has been amended several times, the most significantamendments related to the the to party a is Lithuania law. national the into (EU) Union European the of directives the of implementation general, In rights. related and copyright of field the in agreements bilateral and conventions multilateral main major international and reflects standards. of copyright activities is legally consistent regulation At present, the enactment of the Constitution of the Republic protection of of Article intellectual 42.1 property. Lithuania of the Constitution is sets forth of that culture, science, high research importance to the and teaching shall be unrestricted. Article Moreover, 42.3 of the Constitution sets forth and that material the interests spiritual of authors which are related to scientific, technical, cultural andbe artistic work, protected shall and defended. It should also be noted the protection that to Article property 23.1 and, of as the the Constitution Constitutional has Court constitutional extended of protection the of Republic of property Lithuania covers has not noted, only the property. the protection of tangible, but also of intellectual The independence of Lithuania was restored in Not century. 1990, only the ending recognition of the an Government, its inter-state relations annexation and economic that system had to had lasted be but re-established, also for the legal entire system had to be It reformed. is important to note half that Lithuania a has never had its own legal copyright traditions. Throughout its legislation history, based on the copyright after Therefore, Lithuania. of territory the in enforced simply or over taken were countries other of traditions scratch rather than reformed. from basically created 1990, the system of Copyright Law was This Part an provides overview of the national legal system and its in enforcement the copyright and related industries. practices in Lithuanian copyright-based well as defines collective management rights activities, as 2 . 16 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania 5. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Copyright Law: the implement to resolutions following the issued has Lithuania of Republic the of Government The Right. 2. 1. agreements Bilateral 1. conventions Multilateral of copyrightandrelated rights: field the in agreements bilateral and conventions multilateral following the Currently,to party a is Lithuania 2.2 3. 4. 2. 6 March 2002. Treatyon Copyright WIPO the 2002, May 20 on Lithuania for force into entered latter The VIII-1956). The ratified byLithuaniaon24April2001(byLawNoIX-292). was Agreement.It TRIPs the by bound WorldTradeis the Lithuania of 2001, May 31 since Organisation Works FixedinaPhonogram forPersonalUse. or Works Audiovisual of Reproduction the for Remuneration Compensatory of Refunding and Payment Distribution, Collection, the for Procedure the of Approval the on 2012 June 13 of 699 No Resolution Rights. and Performer’s Moral Rights in Case of the Absence of Any Heirs, as Author well of Protectionas the After for Procedurethe the Expiry of of Approval the Economic on 2003 August 12 of 1018 No Resolution of 14 August 2007). 905 No Resolution by (amended Libraries through Publications other and Books of Lending the for Resolution No 182 of 6 February 2002 on the Approval of the Procedure for the Payment of for theReprographic Reproduction ofWorks.Remuneration Resolution No 181 of 6 February 2002 on the Approval of the Procedure for the Payment of copyright andrelated rights andtocoordinate theprotectionRemuneration ofthesaidrights). State’sexercisethe to authorised Culturewas of areaof Ministry the (the in Lithuania policy of Republic Resolution No 1283 of 19 November 1999 on the Implementation of Copyright and Related Rights of the At the level of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, Lithuania has concluded agreements on , , , culture with and agreements Greece, science the education, of fields the in concluded co-operation has Lithuania Lithuania, of Republic the of Government the of level the At in theEuropean Community(EC)couldbereached. existing level the protectionto a similar period, level transitional of end the by that, way a such in rights property intellectual of protection the improve to and legislation its harmonise to Lithuania of Republic Union and the EU Member States. Article 67.3 and Annex XIX of the Association Agreement obliged the European the with Agreement Association the concluded Lithuania 1995, June 12 On Union. European The No IX-212), No The by producers whoare notnationalsofanyRomeConventionsignatory. phonograms for remuneration paying from it exempting ostensibly Convention, Rome the of 12 Article to reservation a made Lithuania 1999. July 22 on Lithuania for force into entered it and VIII-1001) No Broadcasting The on 27January2000. Lithuania for force into entered it and VIII-1140) No Law (by Convention Geneva the ratified Lithuania The reaching consensusinthenegotiations. settlement, dispute regarding Convention Berne stating the that any member state of the Convention Berne may appeal to the Court International of when not 33.2 Article to reservation a made Lithuania 1996). May 28 of I-1351 No Law by ratified was Convention Berne (the 1994 December the 14 since Convention to party a been has and 1994 September 14 on Convention Berne the to agreed Lithuania International copyrightlaw International 1971 1996 1886 Agreement 1961 Geneva WIPO Berne Rome the On 22 December 1998 Lithuania ratified the Rome Convention (by Law (by Convention Rome the ratified Lithuania 1998 December 22 On Organisations. WIPO Treaties. Convention on Convention Convention Trade-Related Performances Lithuania ratified Lithuania for for for the the the Aspects and Protection Protection Protection Phonograms the of WIPO Intellectual of of of Literary Performers, Producers Copyright on 26 September 2000 (by Law No Law (by 2000 September 26 on Treaty Property and of on 13 March 2001 (by Law (by 2001 March 13 Treatyon Artistic Producers . On 13 April 1999 April 13 On Phonograms. Rights Works . As a member a As (TRIPs). of Phonograms (Paris Act 1971). and The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania17 , for the protection inter by alia, each for the protection Each of these agreements provides, provides, Each of these agreements 9 Subject Matter and Beneficiaries of the Copyright Law Subject Matter of Protection United Kingdom and Bulgaria. Council Directive 93/83/EC of 27 Retransmission. Cable September and Broadcasting 1993 Satellite to Applicable on Protection Copyright to Legal the Related the Rights Coordination and on Copyright 1996 of March Certain 11 Rules of Council Concerning the of and Parliament European the of 96/9/EC Directive Harmonisation the on 2001 May of Databases. 22 of Council the of and Parliament European the of 2001/29/EC Directive Related Rights in the Information Society. of Certain Aspects of Copyright and Resale the on 2001 September 27 of Council the of and Parliament European the of 2001/84/EC Directive Work of Art. of an Original Right for the Benefit of the Author Enforcement the on 2004 April 29 of Council the of and Parliament European the of 2004/48/EC Directive Rights. of Intellectual Property Directive 2006/115/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on Rental Rights Related to Copyright in the Field of Intellectual Property. Right and Lending Right and on Certain Term the on 2006 December 12 of Council the of and Parliament European the of 2006/116/EC Directive Rights. of Copyright and Certain Related of Protection Directive 2009/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the on Computer Programs. Council Protection of 23 April 2009 on the Legal of the parties of the copyright and related rights of citizens, permanent residents, and legal entities of the other party. Poland – the agreement of 17 December 1998 entered into force on 5 January 2000, Slovenia – the agreement of 14 November of 14 November on 5 January 2000, Slovenia – the agreement into force of 17 December 1998 entered Poland – the agreement on 21 June 2000, into force of 7 October 1997 entered on 2 January 2002, Hungary – the agreement into force 1997 entered on 24 September 1998, the United Kingdom – the agreement into force of 24 February 1997 entered – the agreement Greece on into force of 10 April 1997 entered on 1 April 1998, Bulgaria – the agreement into force of 8 November 1996 entered 27 November 1997.  Author’s rights 9 According According to Article 4.1 of the Copyright Law, the scientific, subject and artistic matter works which of are the copyright result of includes the creative original activities of literary, an Article author. 2.19 ofLaw establishes that the ‘work’ means any original result of creative activities scientific,in orthe artistic literary, domain, whatever its artistic value, mode, or form of expression. in Article 2.1 of the Berne description of works provided Convention. This substantially corresponds with the 2.3.1 2.3 National legislative provisions on subject matter and beneficiaries of the rights have been influenced by the related provisions as embodied in international treaties and in the relevant EC directives. A list of works is based on Article 2 of the . For copyright, Lithuanian Copyright Law does not impose any required. although, for audiovisual works, fixation is preconditions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Currently the following Directives are implemented by the Lithuanian Copyright Law: implemented by the Lithuanian are the following Directives Currently The legal base from which Lithuania could start harmonising its national law with European Community (EC) Community European with law national its harmonising start could Lithuania which from base legal The establishing an legislation association Agreement, was Communities between the and the Europe European their Member States and the Republic of Lithuania, signed on 12 June 1995. Article 67 of the Agreement emphasised the importance of ensuring adequate and effective protection and enforcement of intellectual, industrial and commercial property rights, while Paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article laid down the essential obligations to be commitment Lithuanian The 1999. December accomplished 31 on expire by to was Agreement, the Lithuania of 3 Article of by 1 Paragraph the end of the transitional period to continuously improve the which, protection of intellectual, industrial and according commercial property rights in order to to for prerequisite in the Community was an expressed to that which exists a similar level of protection provide related rights. including of copyright law, the drafting of new laws in the field 18 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania the audiovisualworkconcerned. A still of part a only but work, photographic a fixation. be to considered not is such work audiovisual an from extracted picture of etc.) electronic, (chemical, technology the of irrespective , show objects chosen the capturing of way or selection composition, the if radiation, other any or light, of means by light to sensitive surfaces on produced image an is work photographic a that down lays Law the of 2.10 Article copyright and designs maybeprotected design bytheCopyrightLawiftheyare expressed inanyobjectiveform. industrial under both States, Member legislation. EU In the light of this provision, Article the 4.3 of the Lithuanian Design Law also in provides that registered designs industrial for protection Design of 7 December 2002, and the Copyright Law. Article 17 of the EC Directive 98/71/EC an industrial design, rights to such a work can be protected cumulatively under the special Law on Industrial Works of applied art are granted double protection, i.e., even if a work of applied art has been registered as programs usedinthemakingoroperationofsuchdatabases. a systematic or methodical way and individually accessible by electronic or other means, except for computer Under Article 2.7 of the Law, a database means a compilation of works, data or any other material arranged in Directive andtheECDatabaseDirective. Programs Computer EC the in forth set that to identical is databases and programs computer of protection Articles 4 and 5 of the WCT, computer programs and databases enjoy protection as works. The regulation of but is quite detailed (12 groups). In accordance with the provisions of Article 10 of the TRIPS Agreement and The Convention. Berne the of 2 Article on based is Law Copyright the of 4.2 Article in down laid works of list A (Article 2.4oftheCopyrightLaw). medium recording audiovisual an in recordedare(fixed) which and sound, by accompanied not or whether motion, of impression an impart which images related of series a of cinematography,consisting by of created means work other any or work cinematographic a means work audiovisual An works. audiovisual for Lithuanian Copyright Law does not impose any formalities as preconditions of copyright. Fixation is required be to it for sufficient is it protection, expressed inanyobjective form. copyright granted be to activities creative of result original any For of respect in legislation EC of protection grantedforsuch asubjectmatter: provisions the with accordance in photographs, and databases programs, The Copyright Law contains special provisions relating to the peculiarities of protection criteria for computer 10 right indatabases. producers of the first fixation of audiovisual recordings, publishers of public domain works and the The legislation. protectsLaw Copyright producers,relatedphonogram the performers, EU of broadcastingrights organisations, relevant the and treaties international appropriate the of provisions reflects identically In Lithuania, the protection of related rights rights has been provided since 10 June 1994. The regulation of Related protection  L 289, p.28). Directive 98/71/EC oftheEuropean Parliament andoftheCouncil13 October1998onthelegalprotection ofdesigns(OJ1998 iii. ii. i. principle is not applied in respect of the list of works eligible for copyright protection copyright for eligible works of list the of respect in applied not is principle clausus numerus 6 of the Council Directive 93/98/EEC of 29 October 1993 harmonising the term of protection of protection of term the copyright andcertainrelated rights). harmonising 1993 October 29 of 93/98/EEC Directive Council the own author’sof 6 the are they that determined is it intellectual creation and this alone is if considered to be sufficient to determine their originality (Article copyright by protected be shall Photographs Parliament andoftheCouncil11March 1996onthelegalprotection ofdatabases). Europeanthe Directiveof the 96/9/EC of protection3.1 that (Article for eligibility their determine to own intellectual creation shall be protected as such by copyright and no other criteria shall be applied Databases which, by reason of the selection or arrangement of their contents, constitute the author’s the CouncilDirective 91/250/EEC, Article10.1oftheCopyrightLaw). creation and no other criteria shall be applied to determine its eligibility for protection (Article 1.3 of A computer program shall be protected if it is original in the sense that it is the author’s own intellectual 10 grants double sui generis The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania19 a natural person who has created a Author of Work sui generis right to a database protects the substantial qualitative and/or quantitative (intellectual, Author According to Article 11.1 of the Copyright Law, co-authors of an audiovisual work are persons who contribute who persons are work audiovisual an of co-authors Law, Copyright the of 11.1 Article to According author director, the be may co-authors that specifies presumptively provision This completion. its to creatively author of of cameraman the the and dialogue, screenplay, composer art of director, music (with or without Article 7.1 of created work the joint the Copyright of part the Law discretion, own definestheir at ause, to entitled ‘jointbe shall work’co-author Each tocontributed. which several natural persons have commonly by them and having an autonomous meaning, unless otherwise provided for in the agreement concluded a person who material, has technical provided or organisational assistance among the co-authors. However, to be its co-author. of a work shall not be considered of the creation in the process Article 6.1 of the Copyright Law establishes that ‘the author shall be Legal entities cannot be considered authors or initial right holders. Legal entities can, in cases provided for by the Law, by copyright agreements or by way of bequeath, enjoy derivative authorship rights. However, this includes economic In rights all only. cases, the owners of moral rights shall be authors who are natural persons. 2.3.2 work’. Natural persons may be owners of copyright, irrespective of their Any age person and legal capacity. who has created a piece of work of whatever value shall be the author to their work. and regard may enjoy all copyright with e. First publicationthe to communicates or publishes, lawfully who anyone to protection grants Law Copyright the of 36 Article after unpublished work for the first time. public, a previously expiry of protection The of contents the of presentation and verification arranging, obtaining, in investment organisational) financial, that database (Article 61.1 of the Law). d. Sui generis right in databases c. Audiovisual of 2(4) Article to According Law. Copyright the in defined clearly very not is recording’ ‘audiovisual term The recordingmeans by created work other any or work cinematographic a means work audiovisual an Law, Copyright the whether motion, of impression an imparts which images, related of series a of consisting cinematography, of or not accompanied by sound. The term ‘producer of the first fixation the term ‘film’ includes not only 2006/116/EC, to the Directive According ofArticle 57.1 of the Copyright Law. an audiovisual work’ is used in or whether images, moving also rights, related the to relation in but, work audiovisual or cinematographic a not accompanied by sound. There are no special provisions implementing these provisions of the Directive. of the objectives of the Directive. in view the existing legislation will have to be interpreted However, b. Broadcasting According to Article 2.28 of the broadcasting means Law, the transmission by wireless means, including by and transmissionsatellite, for public of reception sounds, images and sounds, The thereof. or transmission representations of encoded signals is to considered be transmission if a organisation society broadcasting provides with special them. to acquire decoding devices, or grants permission According to Article 2.30 of the Copyright Law, performance means acting, singing, playing, reciting, reading, reading, reciting, playing, singing, acting, means performance Law, Copyright the of 2.30 Article to According device any of means by or performance) (live directly either work, a performing publicly otherwise or dancing are, number indefinite an of public the of members of group a which in place public certain a in equipment or of fixation the means phonogram a that provides Law the of 2.8 Article time. same the at present be, may or of sounds, by technical devices in the representation or of other sounds, or of the sounds of a performance, medium. any material sound-recording a. Performance 20 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Owners of related rights related of Owners agreement. an by for provided otherwise unless work, collective the of use the createdof independently works their been exploit to has work the whom, of direction the under (Article and initiative, the on entities natural legal the or in person vest shall works) collective other and journals, newspapers, collections, scientific dictionaries, periodical encyclopaedic encyclopaedias, as (such works collective to author an of rights economic The adapted for, theaudiovisualwork,shallenjoycopyrighttotheir works. or in, included works pre-existing the of Authors work. audiovisual the in use for created specifically lyrics) o h pbi oe pbi cmue ntok sc a o te nent. t es u a etnie bt not but extensive, an out sets It Internet). the on exhaustive, listofexamples of fieldsinwhichrightsmaybeexploited. as such networks computer public over public the available to making the and means any by (broadcasting public the to communication (6) and performance, public transformation; (5) display; public other (4) export; and or import use, for offering dramatisation lending, rental, including arrangement, distribution, (3) adaptation, translation, reproduction, (2) (1) authors: publication; of rights including economic following the down lays Law Copyright the of 15.1 Article audiovisual fixation,radioandtelevisionbroadcasting, or retransmission. a work, the author shall be entitled to remuneration for any live performance, fixation on a phonogram or an the to related author’swork the economic rights. Moreover,of it is particularly exploitation emphasised that, in the case of a public performance of the of mode each for remuneration receive to right the have shall author Law.The the in for provided cases of exception the with illegal, considered be shall holder right the related the by of permission the without copies its of or work a of original the influenced of exploitation of mode any that notes Law been have authors of rights provisions as economic embodied in international treaties the and in the relevant on EC directives. Article provisions15.2 of the Copyright legislative National 2.4.1 2.4 AccordingLaw,the of 2.9 Article to a orchestra, ensembleorchoir(Article2.2oftheCopyrightLaw). otherwise performs literary and artistic works, folklore, or circus acts, including a leader and conductor of an A ofpublic publishers recording, ofaudiovisual domain worksandthesuigenerisrighttodatabases. fixation first the of producers organisations, broadcasting producers, phonogram performers, of rights related the protects Law Copyright the above, mentioned As takes theinitiativeandriskofsubstantiallyinvestinginorder toobtain,verifyorpresent itscontents. a describes Law the of 61.1 Article public ismade. the to communication lawful or publication lawful first the which, or whom of responsibility the under and a defines Law Copyright the of 36.1 Article cable a as well as programmes, television transmission operatorpreparing andtransmittingitsownbroadcasts andprogrammes.(or) and radio of transmission and preparation the is which of a defines Law Copyright the of 2.29 Article recording isbeingmade(Article2.3oftheLaw). natural person or a legal entity on the initiative, and under the responsibility A of made. is whom sounds of representationor the which, or sounds, an other or audiovisual the initiative, and under the responsibility of whom or which, the first fixation of the sounds of a performance performer means an actor, singer, musician, dancer or another person who plays in, sings, reads, recites, or Economic Rights Economic 8 of the Copyright Law). Authors of works incorporated in collective works shall retain exclusive rights Rights grantedtoRightHolders as a natural person or a legal entity who or which or who entity legal a or person natural a as database a of maker means a natural person or a legal entity on entity legal a or person natural a means phonogram a of producer as a natural person or a legal entity on the initiative, the on entity legal a or person natural a as publisher as a legal entity, the main activity main the entity, legal a as organisation broadcasting means a means recording audiovisual an of producer The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania21 as making the original or copy of a work available for use for a certain period certain a for use for available work a of copy or original the making as Publicperforming publicly performanceotherwise or dancing reading, reciting, playing, singing, acting, means performance Public a work, either directly (live performance) or by means of any device or equipment in a certain public place in which a of group members of the public of an indefinite number or are may be at present the same time (Article 2.30 of the Copyright Law). The right to perform a work to the public in any form or by any means shall apply to dramatic, dramatic-musical, musical or literary works intended to be performed on the stage. Public display Article showing 2.32 the as well of as means, the similar other or Law images television slides, definesof means publicby screen a displayon or (exposition) as any showing the of members of of a group a where place worka in non-sequentially work audiovisual (its an of images still original individual of or a copy) directly public of an indefinite number are or may be present, irrespective of whether they are present in thepublic same to right exclusive author’s The times. different at and places separate in or time, same the at and place display of the original or copies of a work may be applied in practice only with regard to works of fine art in (public exhibitions, galleries, display of works of painting, graphic art, sculpture and works of architecture displays of a project, sketches or models of a building or any other construction, etc.), photographic works analogous to photography. by a process and other works created Distribution Article 15.1(5) of the Copyright Law defines distribution of a work as sale,rental, lending, or other transfer right author’s the means right distribution The work. a of copies or original the of possession or ownership of to the offer original or copies of a work or distribute copies to the public. As the well as the Copyright Law, Society Information the of 4.2 Article with accordance in applied is rights distribution of exhaustion EU-wide the of 16.1 (Article EEA entire the to also but EU, the of area the to only not applies It 2001/29/EC. Directive shall ownership of transfer other or sale upon right distribution the of exhaustion the on provisions The Law). Article Law). the of 16.2 (Article copies its or work the of lending or rental of rights exclusive the to apply not rental defines Law the of 2.24 of time, and for direct or indirect commercial advantage. Lending is defined as making the original or copy commercial or economic indirect or direct for not and time of period certain a for use for available work a of 2.25 of the Law). advantage in libraries or other establishments accessible to the public (Article Article 15.1(3–4) arrangement, adaptation, of transformation: the of Copyright means following Law the defineslists theand author’s right thereof, ofadaptation the adaptingauthorising the work by themselves or dramatisation, translation, etc. The list of forms for transformation of works is not exhaustive. Adaptation is use in another manner or for a special purpose. a means of application of a work for Translation and adaptation Publication available is defined asmade the production of copiesis of a work inwork quantities sufficient tosuch satisfy the reasonable that provided production, of method the of regardless public, the of requirements published be may Works Law). the of 2.14 (Article right a such of owner the of consent the with public the to in the form of mechanical (cassettes, and compact magnetic discs, recordings etc.) or in a digital form (such discs and computer discs). books in compact as in a form of so-called electronic Article 2.1 of the Copyright Law definesreproduction of a workas the production of a single or of several copies of a work or its part in any material form, including electronic. The exclusive right of the the technique author a reproduction in Such of used. technique the works of shall irrespective include copy, a all as treated means is fixed is of work a reproducing which in a embodiment work, irrespective of their form. Any may be the production of copies of a work enabled by other the techniques use of of printing, reproduction sound and or copying, visual recording such or as etc.). discs, films, microfilms, (discs, cassettes, compact any and magnetic recordings photocopying, mechanical printing means: typewriting, computer text, Reproduction 22 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania of the work, without additional remuneration, to participate in the realisation of the construction plan of a of plan construction the of realisation the in participate to remuneration, additional without work, the of author the permit must architecture of work a commissioning person the that provide Law Copyright the of 18.5 and manner.18.3 appropriate Articles an in work the of copy a make to author the for created be beforework offering it back to the author). Wherethe the return of the original work is not possible, destroyconditions must not may (one ensured is work the of safety the and prejudiced thereby not are interests owner’sthe legitimate that provided work, original the of owner the to transferred been not has it display to work the of publicly author’sto author the or if work reproduceexhibition the to his/her right the at work the display reproduce permit or must art fine of work original an of owner the that down lay 18.2 and 18.1 Articles works. specific of case in so do to authors enable that provisions some contains it right, moral Although the Copyright Law does not contain any direct reference to the right of access as a specific individual work, and,consequently, alsototheauthor’s personality. a formal perspective, might be painful to the author and perceived by him or her as disrespectful to his or her his or her thoughts, and that certain alterations, distortions, although minor by their extent if considered from work is a process of spiritual experience that pertains to very sensitive feelings and experiences of the author, treatedcreativebe a cannot because work isolation the in of inviolability the to right the that held Lithuania any author’sprejudicialthe be to theretowould to which Supremeof the Court case, reputation.one or In honour object to right the means work a of derogatory in any action to relation as thereof, well title inviolability as the or work a of modification other or distortion the to right The work. the of form and content the of inviolability the recognising by work a of integrity the protects Law Copyright the of 14.1(3) Article the work;(2)righttoclaimauthor’s name,and(3)therighttoinviolabilityofawork. Article 14.1(1)(2)(3) of the Copyright Law provides for three moral rights: (1) the right to claim authorship of The Law provides for a so-called ‘minimum’ of moral rights as set out in Article 6bis of the Berne Convention. executed bythenationalMinistryofCulture. author’sthe of expiry the after as well as propertyprotectionauthor’s the rights, of be shall rights moral heirs, any of absence the in heirs; his/her by protected be shall rights author’smoral the instructions, such of absence the in powers; such get will latter the and rights moral his/her of protection the entrusts he/she of his/her moral rights can be exercised in several ways: the author is entitled to designate a person to whom Moral rights shall be protected for an unlimited period of time. Upon the death of the author, the protection waived. or inherited persons, other to transferred be cannot rights Moral rights. initial primary individual as of concept the Following 2.4.2 11  intended forreception bythepublic(Article2.15ofLaw). programmestelevision air,and/or the radio over of wireor satellite, by by transmission, that initial including unaltered and unabridged retransmission by a cable or a microwave system for reception society by the public of an simultaneous, means the Retransmission providesthem. acquire to organisation permission broadcastinggrants or a devices, decoding if special with transmission, transmission be The to reception. considered is public signals for encoded satellite, of by including means, wireless of or by sounds, and thereof images representations or sounds, of transmission the as broadcasting defines Law the of 2.28 Article and atatimeindividuallychosenbythem(Article2.31oftheLaw). making the work available to the public in such a way that including members of the public means, may access it wireless from a place or of, wire by public way the to work by a of retransmission or public transmission the as the defined to is available public the to work Communication transmission. a internet or retransmission, make transmission, cable tobroadcasting, public right the recognises the Law to Copyright The Communication cassettes, etc.,are usedin public). choir, musician, singer, a by performed is work orchestra, etc.) and the use of recordings of a live performance (when recordingsa of works in compact discs, (when performance live a both to apply shall right The category 78. See Decisionofthe Supreme CourtofLithuania of19February2003,civilcase No.3k-3-273/2003,J.Jakstasv. UAB„Musugaires“, Moral Rights Moral , the Lithuanian Copyright Law treats the moral rights of the author the of rights moral the treats Law Copyright Lithuanian the d‘auteur, droit 11 ne alia, inter The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania23 ra,

14 13 asociacija, autoriu riniu ku gynimoasociacijosagentu , AGATA) administers related ra, AGATA) teisiu agentu teisiu asociacija, NATA) administers music copyright. teisiu numerus clausus rules. A list of limitations of economic rights is in line with the conditions of the Collective Rights Management Limitation of Rights and 12 The Lithuanian Copyright Protection Association (Lietuvosautoriu This Association was established in March 2012. This Association was established in March LATGA-A) administers copyright; www.latga.lt LATGA-A) The Lithuanian Related Rights Association (Lietuvosgretutiniu rights of performers and phonogram producers; www.agata.lt rights of performers and phonogram producers; The Association of Copyright in Audiovisual Works (Lietuvosaudiovizualiniu AVAKA) administers copyright of authors’ of audiovisual works. This Association was established in 2008 in established was Association This works. audiovisual of authors’ of copyright administers AVAKA) but is not fully operational yet; www.avaka.lt (AGICOA Owners Rights Related and Authors’ Works Audiovisual of Protection Rights on Association The The Association was established in April 2011. (Baltic)). Europe The Music Copyright Association (Muzikosautoriu Processes are taking place for the establishment of the division of the Nordisk Copyright Bureau and a new agency ‘NATA’. Copyright Bureau taking place for the establishment of the division of the Nordisk are Processes

However, the NCB is establishing its own office (see previous footnote). the NCB is establishing its own office (see previous However, See Article 9.2 of the Berne Convention, Article 13 of the TRIPS, Article 10 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty, Article 16 of the WIPO See Article 9.2 of the Berne Copyright Treaty, Convention, Article 13 of the TRIPS, Article 10 of the WIPO Parliament and of the Council of of the European 2001/29/EC and Article 5.5 of the Directive Performances and Phonograms Treaty, society. rights in the information May 22 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related 14 12  13 1. of CMOs entitled to engage in the collective management of copyright and related rights. However, at present number the present limit they do nor CMO, a establishing for authorisation special any indicate not does Regulation at However, rights. related and copyright of management collective the in engage to entitled CMOs of one is there example, For defend. they rights the by themselves among differ only that CMOs several are there of management collective the for one authors, of rights economic the of management collective the for CMO rights related of performers and phonograms and producers, one for the collective management of authors four established and operating CMOs in Lithuania: are there of audiovisual works. In total currently Pursuant to Article 66 of the Copyright Law, Collective Management Organisations (hereafter referred as to CMOs) are non-profit organisations, established on the basis of a voluntarycopyright membershipand of related rights, ownersor of their unions. They are not entitled to engage in commercial activities with profit purposes. They must adopt the legal formthe of Associations on Law ofthe by governed is establishment antheir of procedure association(the Entities Legal of Register and beregistered with the Lithuanian Republic of Lithuania). Collective rights management in Lithuania is regulated in great detail. Bearing in mind the Lithuanian market Lithuanian the mind in Bearing detail. great in regulated is Lithuania in management rights Collective The optimal. be to considered is associations management collective of number current the size, territory and state thoroughly oversees the activity of collective management organisations after their establishment. In to opt for either collective or individual rights management. addition, a right holder has a choice 2.5 The regulation of authors’ economic rights and related rights rests on two core principles: the ‘Three-Step- Test’ 2.4.3 building or other construction works (monitoring the drafting of the construction documentation and protection), copyright to the regard with works construction other or building a of construction the of execution for unless in otherwise The provided the shall author copyright have agreement. of the work of architecture copy a get to and demolition, its before works construction or building the of photographs take to right the of the design thereof. The Lithuanian Copyright Protection Association (LATGA-A), which LATGA-A administers 1992 in copyright Already in partnerships. internationalLithuania, forming has Lithuania, in organisation important an become had become a member of CISAC entered (the International LATGA-A 1994, Confederation In of CMOs. Authors foreign and with Composers). signed That were same agreements representation bilateral first the year, rights administration. concerning Copyright Bureau) recording with the NCB (Nordisk into an agreement 2. 3. Berne Convention and the EC Information Society Directive, namely its Article 5. Thus, the limitations could be classified as limitations for the purpose of: (1)reproduction for a private temporary quoting, (e.g., purpose use; other any for (2) (4) or research, providing scientific information or teaching (3) reports; making and to a technological process). related reproduction 4. 5. 24 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania of Lithuania.Amore detailcasestudyofAGATA showstheresults oftheseactivities. Republic the of providedCompetition as on prohibitionposition, Law the dominant a by of for abuse of particular,in acts, legal other of provisions to subject also are Lithuania in activities Their institutions. other The CMOs are entitled to defend the rights they administer without any special authorisation from courts or • technique orbysomeotherprocess havingsimilareffects) • • commercial advantage(includingbackground music),infavourofperformersandphonogramproducers • retransmission operators • mandatory establish Law Copyright the of 65.3 and 65.2 collective managementinthecaseoffollowingrights: Articles users. and CMOs between as well as the of 65–72 Articles Law.Copyright in particular,in covers, It established relationshipthe supervision, on rules owners, right and CMOs among is rights of administration collective for framework legal general The total, includingGermany,in France,,,etc.). countries (22 members Convention Rome 1961 the of associations management collective the of most Additionally,(SCAPR). Rights Performers’ of Management AGATA agreementswith co-operation signed has of Association the of member a European Performers’ Organisations (AEPO-ARTIS) became and AGATAa member of The Societies’ Council for the Collective 2002, in Therefore, Lithuania. in rights producers’ and of Lithuanian performers and phonogram producers’ and rights, as well as protection of international performers performers of rights the establishment related of the the Association, one of administers main goals (AGATA)of the association Association phonogram producers. The association was has founded in 1999 and currently has about been 3,000 members. Since the Rights international protection Related Lithuanian The Reproduction foraprivateuseofaudiovisualworksorfixedinphonograms. Reproduction on paper of works by means of reprography (effected by the use of any kind of photographic Remuneration ofauthorsandperformersforrental ofaudiovisualworksandphonograms for published phonograms of public the to communication cable other of or programmes retransmission own Broadcasting, except rights, related of objects and works of retransmission Cable The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania25 2,46 2010 4,902 0,896 0,015 0,003 1,063 0,046 1,546 2009 4,428 0,711 0,011 0,004 1,065 0,473 1,552 2,165 2008 4,776 0,486 0,011 0,007 1,543 0,653 2,214 2,075 2007 4,024 0,333 0,008 0,007 1,315 0,562 1,891 1,801 2006 3,203 0,201 0,009 0,005 1,045 0,460 1,520 1,482 ra (Lithuanian Related Rights Association) 2005 2,415 0,094 0,017 0,005 0,867 0,403 1,292 1,029 agentu u teisi u

Internet Cable TV TV Radio Performers – 3127 106 of phonograms – Producers – 39 of audiovisual work Producers other countries – 28 Similar organisations from Copies of their statutes and rules on the collection and distribution of the remuneration, as well as any amendments thereof Copies of all bilateral and multilateral agreements concerning the administration rights (upon request) owners of copyright and related of rights of foreign of members of a CMO of a general meeting (conference) Copies of the resolutions Data concerning the governing members. bodies of CMOs and their Total Retransmission Broadcasting: Public Performance Source: AGATA Source: AGATA – Lietuvosgretutini Collection of remuneration (LTL million) Collection of remuneration (LTL Average annual collection of remuneration – 3.96 million Litas (Lithuanian currency – LTL) Litas (Lithuanian currency – 3.96 million annual collection of remuneration Average Average annual number of licence agreements – 700 annual number of licence agreements Average Number of licence agreements (presently enforced) – 4,577 (as at 8/8/2011) – 4,577 (as enforced) (presently Number of licence agreements • • • Main activities that are represented include reproduction, and broadcasting and public performance of sound recordings • Number of members – 3,225 (as at 8/8/2011): Number of members Year of establishment – 1999 Year • • • • Supervisionin policy state for responsible is which Culture of Ministry Lithuanian ofthe by supervised are CMOs of Activities Collective submit, to obliged are CMOs All Law). Copyright the of 71.3 (Article rights related and copyright of field the Managementhaving started their activities, the following Organisations documents to the Ministry Copyright Law): of Culture (Article 71.3(1) of the Other associations are more industry-oriented, such as Lithuanian Publishers Association, the Cinema Industry Association, etc. the Lithuanian Cable Television Association, the Case Study Case Study 26 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania between CMOsandusersofcopyrightrelated rights. disputes in mediator a as acts Council The rights. related and copyright in specialists other and academics be may Council the of Members members. independent and rights related and copyright of users holders, of representation equal of principles the with compliance in Government, the by authorised institution an by appointed are Council the of Members Government. the by authorised institution the to proposals and conclusions delivers and rights related and copyright of field the in Lithuania of Republic the of obligations international and Law this of provisions the of a implementation the to relatedand issues investigates consultant, expert an as which, institution public a is Lithuania of Rights Related and Copyright of Council The for inlawtoensure adequate activitiesofthecollectiveadministrationassociations. carry out the duties assigned to them and, if necessary, the said institution may take other measures provided collective administration association to resolve the the issue concerning the suitability of of the governing bodies to participants the request may Culture of Ministry the statutes, or requirements legal the to conform not do CMO a of activities the that revealed is body.it If governing the of meetings in as well as members (conferences)meetings general CMO in of rights) voting (without Culturepart of take Ministry also the may of Representatives remunerations. such of distribution the on information and CMOs, by collected actually court proceedingsinformation concerning where the CMO is a party; information on authors’ remuneration in a general meeting of the CMO members, and obtain further explanations of the data within Law). The Ministry the may demand documents; information on financial documents of the previous year that were approved Copyright the of 71.2(1) Article by information certain obtain to authorised Cultureis of Ministry (the CMO whether the activities of the respective CMO conform to the provisions of the law and to the statutes of the In addition, the Ministry of Culture is entitled to obtain from a CMO other information necessary to determine The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania27 This is research based on the GVA 15 n d u s t r y I o p y r i g h t C h e t f A and GDP, % A and GDP, o

Industry

Development

Copyright

16 ontribution Industry

the C

of

Copyright

of Added

Copyright Industry Contribution to GV

Overview For more detail on the differences between GVA and GDP contribution see Annex 1. between GVA detail on the differences For more is omitted. reference made by authors, the and tables are this point on, if calculations for figures From

Figure 1: measure that is used throughout the study. In fact, according to the emerging consensus among researchers researchers among consensus emerging the to according fact, In study. the throughout used is that measure in economic copyright matters, GVA is a far better 1 below shows that both measures as well. Figure in GDP percentages provided are the aggregates measure. reasons, Nevertheless, due to country comparability of the same scale each year. are largely in parallel and differences moving are 16 15 Source: calculated by the authors Source: On the basis of the detailed analysis of in the 2008, value the added of Lithuanian economic copyright activities, industry it comprised was 5.40 established percent that, of the gross value added. The most 3.1.1 A detailed statistical analysis of the value added of Lithuanian copyright-related copyright economic activities industry shows that comprised the 5.40 percent to compared the domestic (GDP) gross product it made up between 4.93 these The percent. difference two of the gross value added measures is explained (GVA) by the fact that in gross value added does not include net 2008, taxes on products and value while of largely cannot be attributed to economic activities; thus, a share Both net taxes and VAT added tax (VAT). the copyright industry is smaller in terms of GDP than in terms of GVA. 3.1 Consistently applying WIPO guidelines for the Value first time, presents this value study added, employment and of the the Lithuanian foreign copyright trade industry national contributions economy over the period 2000–2008. Covering all the years over a business cycle of is still a relatively the copyright in WIPO industry by commissioned studies country to other of context the the in studies industry copyright of feature unique every studies separate conducting into efforts significant invested has US the this, achieve To decade. last the provides study this years, nine for series time consistent offering By costly. rather be to proved has which year, a clear of picture how the Lithuanian copyright economy has evolved over a nearly complete business cycle, where 1999 and 2009 were the deepest economic heightened by recession the fact that the points. Lithuanian copyright industry has The never been closely studied importance on analysis. any the earlier of of matters statistical upon touching without these results economic the results presents section This occasion. is This Part analyses the economic contribution of copyright and related rights-based industries in Lithuania. Value added generated by copyright and related rights-based industries, their contribution to employment generation and foreign trade in Lithuania are discussed in detail. Comparing value added and industry. employment creative Lithuanian the of patterns development productivity the into investigation an enables shares At the end of this Part, the three most economically significant core copyright industries are analysed: Press and Advertising Services. and Databases, Software and Literature, 3. Economic 28 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Figure 2: the to contribution economic the of structure Lithuanian economyispresented inFigure 2below. The added. value the of percent 1.07 comprised industry support non-dedicated as classified traditionally is which and industry copyright the serves which economy the of part economy.Finally,the the in added value The economy.the of national percent 0.26 the created industry of copyright percent partial 1.27 up made industry, copyright core the to related closely most industry.industry,the copyright copyright coreinterdependentis the The which comprised percent, 2.79 it, significant copyright contribution to the economy is made by core copyright activities. copyright core by made is economy the to contribution copyright significant 17 copyright economy, which also corresponds to the well-developed legal regulation of the copyright activities. Lithuanian the of stage relativelyadvanced a demonstrates comparison international An Finland. in industry smaller than a correspondingslightly is part industry of copyright the Lithuanian economy the below,in 3 neighbouring Figure Latvia in and presented slightly As conducted. larger been than has the research copyright statistical similar a which for countries other with industry copyright the of size economic the comparing by The findings allow mapping of the Lithuanian position of copyright industry against the picture international All foursubcategories ofthecopyrightindustryare definedandexplainedin the nextsection. Contribution oftheCopyrightIndustrytoGVA in2008,% 17 More than half of half than More The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania29 Contribution of Copyright Industries to GDP, % to GDP, of Copyright Industries Contribution The development of the four types of copyright industry shows quite a smooth development over the decade. the over development smooth a quite shows industry copyright of types four the of development The Although the core copyright activities dominated in terms of economic contribution, its overall contribution to the economy was slowly contracting. 7.8 of range the in It growing rapidly was economy the when 2005–2007 during economy the of overheating seems that related and the sector estate real the of major growth disproportionate and unsustainable reason The year. for each percent 9.8 to this development was the activities copyright partial The economy. the in shrink to industry copyright the of share the caused industries slightly contracted over the decade as well, 1 below. 4 and Table while Figure This is evident from gained slightly in economic share. interdependent and non-dedicated support industries All in all, Figure 3 demonstrates the relatively advanced stage important of to observe the that countries Lithuanian throughout the copyright world are economy. very It diverse in is the size and structure of the and the copyright above industry, ranking was carried out according to the overall numbers of value added at market prices. With more than 30 completed copyright studies, it is possible to compare the Lithuanian of interest. to other features copyright industry with other countries, according Source: WIPO Source: Figure 3: 30 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Table 2: 2002 wastheonlyyearofnominalcontraction. often was industry copyright Table the 2002. in exception, one only with that terms, nominal in growing always was it indicate contracting, might shares contribution the of comparison a Although Figure 4: than denominator, the resulting shares for GDP decrease. Figure 1, comparing the GDP and GVA shares of GVAshares and GDP the comparing 1, Figure decrease. GDP for shares denominator,resulting than the less increases nominator the As activities. economic specific VAT,to and attributed be cannot largely which terms of GDP. The shares in GDP are somewhat lower, primarily because GDP includes net taxes on products of comparability, it is important to look at how other copyright industries compare to the Lithuanian sector in the accounts, other national closely fromrelated concept stemming of GDP added has value often been gross used in of many concept previous copyright the studies. For on the relies purpose study this though Even Table 1: The since. ever added value more created detailed dataonthesedevelopmentsare presented inTable has 1. and activities support non-dedicated overtook it 2004, in interdependent the contrast, In percent. 3.15 GVA,activities peaked three years later, when of it provided 1.30 percent contribution to GVA in share2004. Furthermore, largest the created industry copyright core the 2001, In 1999. severerecessionin very a after pace gathering recoverywas economic the which in year the largest was in 2004, industries providing copyright 5.62 percent support contribution to non-dedicated GVA. and It is partial worth interdependent, mentioning that core, 2001 was the the of second contribution Different sections of the copyright industry were peaking at different stages of the economic cycle. The joint Total 4. 3. 2. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. Total Non-dedicated Support Partial Interdependent Core Core Interdependent Partial Non-dedicated Support Copyright IndustryValue AddedbyIndustryType, LTL million Copyright IndustryValue AddedbyIndustryType, % Copyright IndustryValue AddedbyIndustryType, % Category Category 2000 2.92 0.84 0.19 0.92 4.87 1,907 1,144 2000 360 328 75 2001 3.15 1.04 0.21 1.18 5.58 2,364 1,334 2001 498 442 91 2002 2.84 1.06 0.21 1.13 5.24 2,264 1,227 2002 488 459 89 2003 3.00 1.10 0.23 1.17 5.50 2,688 1,467 2003 570 112 539 2004 2.96 1.30 0.24 1.12 5.62 3,029 1,596 2004 604 128 701 2005 2.73 1.13 0.23 1.06 5.15 3,259 1,726 2005 670 149 714 2006 2.45 1.17 0.25 1.03 4.89 3,598 1,802 2006 755 182 860 4,235 2,219 2007 2007 2.51 1.06 0.24 0.97 4.79 859 214 941 2 proves that proves 2 5,390 1,071 1,267 2,792 2008 2008 2.79 1.27 0.26 1.07 5.40 260 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania31 ype, LTL million ype, LTL A and GDP, LTL million LTL A and GDP, 76.2 92.0 90.5 112.9 129.4 149.6 182.8 215.6 262.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 339.5 455.1 475.8 558.2 720.7 729.7 878.3 962.5 1,294.7 1,194.8 1,361.5 1,251.3 1,499.4 1,616.8 1,745.7 1,820.9 2,254.7 2,846.1 1,982.9 2,422.9 2,322.6 2,759.5 3,087.9 3,310.2 3,650.9 4,309.7 5,496.6 s GDP share by Industry Type, % Type, s GDP share by Industry 0.84 1.084.49 1.03 5.08 1.07 4.74 1.04 5.03 0.98 5.16 0.94 4.71 0.89 4.47 0.98 4.37 4.93 2.70 2.850.17 2.55 0.19 2.73 0.18 2.70 0.21 2.49 0.22 2.23 0.21 2.29 0.22 2.55 0.22 0.24 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Support 372.4 514.4 505.0 589.0 621.2 685.1 768.9 877.0 1,093.8

Category Copyright Industry’ Copyright Industry Contribution to GV Category Copyright Industry Contribution to GDP by Industry T

Support otal T 1. Core 2. Interdependent3. Partial 4. Non-dedicated 0.77 0.95 0.97 1.02 1.20 1.04 1.08 0.98 1.16 1. Core 2. Interdependent Total 3. Partial 4. Non-dedicated Table 4: Table For completeness of future comparisons on GDP with GDP. basis, copyright industry at market prices compared Table 4 below presents the value added of the Figure 5: Looking at absolute values in it LTL, is even more evident that both GDP and related. The GVA following shares chart are illustrates very this parallel closely movement. In a this way, confirms that itis sufficient to is GVA. study, deal with one concept which, in our Table 3: Table the copyright industry, was presented at the beginning of this section. In other terms, the GVA shares have to have shares GVA the terms, other In section. this of beginning the at presented was industry, copyright the deal with basic prices, while GDP shares have to work 3 with provides the market exact prices. shares Table period. the reporting to GDP throughout with regard of the copyright industry 32 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Figure 6: other fivesubcategoriescreated 0.15percent orlessofgross valueadded. the of Each place. fourth the in Televisionended and Radio while Services, Advertising was importance by was Press and Literature, with Software and Databases being fairly closely in second place. The third industry The examination of the core copyright industry in 2008, shown in Figure 6, reveals that the dominant industry other protectedany subjectmatter.and Thecore copyrightindustryissubdividedintonineseparateactivities. works of sales and distribution or exhibition, and communication broadcast, performance, manufacturing, and production creation, in engaged fully are that industries are industries copyright Core 3.1.2 Table 5: was fairlystableoverthedecade,whileshare ofPhotographycontractedtwofold. Arts Graphic and Visual of share economic The 2008. in industry software the behind far left was advertising industry the Databases; and Software with pace keep to low too still was Services Advertising of share Advertising decade, the of beginning the at Services Although, was approximately years. the same few size as a Software and in Databases, the Literature 50 percent and increase Pressin the overtake economic will importance grew more than twofold. If the current trend persists, it is very likely that Software and Databases economic SoftwareDatabases’ while and contribution, Literatureeconomic thirdmoreits and a lost of than Press different. vastly was activities economic copyright core specific the of decade the over dynamics The Core Copyright Industry Copyright Core 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Core CopyrightIndustry Press andLiterature Music, TheatricalProductions,Operas Motion PictureandVideo Radio andTelevision Photography Software andDatabases Visual andGraphicArts Advertising Services Copyright CollectingSocieties Value Added Structure in Each Copyright Industry Type Industry Copyright Each in Structure Added Value Core CopyrightIndustryContributiontoGrossValue Added,% Core CopyrightIndustryContributiontoGrossValue Addedin2008,% Category 2000 1.48 0.07 0.24 0.43 0.04 0.32 0.03 0.31 0.01 2.92 2001 1.46 0.09 0.21 0.47 0.04 0.58 0.03 0.27 0.01 3.15 2002 1.06 0.06 0.19 0.60 0.04 0.48 0.04 0.35 0.01 2.84 2003 1.27 0.07 0.18 0.42 0.04 0.52 0.03 0.45 0.01 3.00 2004 1.28 0.09 0.14 0.38 0.04 0.56 0.03 0.43 0.01 2.96 2005 1.09 0.11 0.11 0.37 0.03 0.58 0.03 0.41 0.01 2.73 2006 1.03 0.08 0.09 0.20 0.02 0.54 0.02 0.45 0.01 2.45 2007 0.90 0.09 0.10 0.25 0.02 0.64 0.02 0.47 0.00 2.51 2008 0.87 0.15 0.15 0.41 0.02 0.69 0.03 0.47 0.00 2.79 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania33 4.8 33.4 17.5 2008 2,792 466.7 687.4 411.7 149.8 150.8 869.5 4.3 21.8 17.1 87.2 82.2 2007 2,219 417.3 565.2 224.3 800.0 , and Computers and , al et 4.0 17.4 16.8 68.9 62.0 2006 1,802 328.2 399.9 143.8 760.7 4.1 20.2 19.5 67.7 67.1 2005 1,726 258.3 365.6 236.2 687.4 3.5 17.5 21.6 78.1 46.3 2004 1,596 232.9 304.1 202.2 689.6 3.2 16.6 21.4 89.0 34.0 2003 1,467 219.9 253.3 207.0 622.6 5.3 17.6 16.7 83.9 25.7 2002 1,227 151.7 208.3 257.5 460.1 3.4 13.3 16.7 88.1 36.0 2001 1,334 113.7 245.9 197.0 619.5 2.2 11.0 17.6 92.7 29.0 2000 1,144 120.0 125.4 167.4 578.9 Category Interdependent Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Added in 2008, % Interdependent Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Value Added of Core Copyright Industry, LTL million LTL Industry, Added of Core Copyright Value Copyright Collecting Societies Advertising Services Visual and Graphic Arts and Visual Software and Databases Photography Radio and Television Motion Picture and Video Music, Theatrical Productions, Operas Press and Literature Core Copyright Industry 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. The growth trend of Paper confirms that the more computersthe thereeconomy areneeds onto theserve them. market, and The Computers than the faster paper grew Paper moreindustry Interestingly. has paper al. et Sets TV grown from place more first over than took and contribution twice in terms of economic Equipment. Photographic and Cinematographic Instruments kept its share over the decade. 7 Table below copyright industry subgroups. value added of all interdependent to the gross depicts the evolution of shares Figure 7: and Equipment contribute between 0.3 and 0.45 percent each. While the economic contribution of Blank Recording Material, and Photographic and Cinematographic Instruments was still economically significant, not significant. the contribution numbers for Musical Instruments were There are three interdependent copyright industries, relatively large in size. Paper, TV Sets TV Paper, size. in large relatively industries, copyright interdependent three are There Interdependent Interdependent copyright industries are Copyrightindustries that are engaged in the production, manufacturing and sales of equipment, the only or primary Industryfunction seven of into which subdivided is to is facilitate industry the copyright creation, production interdependent or use The of matter. subject protected other any and works activities. Table 6: Table Looking at the nominal values of the core copyright industry, it is evident that there were not many contractions contractions many not were there that evident is it industry, copyright core the of values nominal the at Looking even terms, nominal In impressive. more far looks growth the while prices, basic at measured subcategories in Photography, which contracted the most, was virtually flat, if 2000 and 2008 in arethe LTL, growth compared.of Software Accounting and Databases looks even more impressive. In addition, tables with data in million LTL allow looking beyond rounded economic contribution shares. The data collected on Copyright Collecting Societies is a good example of million. in LTL and both in percentages usefulness provided are measurements of the data in LTL million. In this study, as a rule, 34 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Table 7: Table 8: numbers fortheinterdependent copyrightindustryare presented inTable 8below. appear terms nominal in numbers more the optimistic than those which inflation, reflect a structural composition.some For the sake ofwith completeness, the nominal economies growing rapidly other many in As 2008. Allotherminoractivitieshadshares equalorlessthan0.01percent ofGVA. 0.05 Crafts. Other and groups:three by dominated largely were activities copyright Partial copyright activities created 0.26 percent of the country’s gross value added in 2008. Lithuanian partial communication andexhibitionordistributionsales. Theyare dividedintoten separateactivities. other and works to related is activities the protected subject of matter and may involve creation, production and manufacturing, performance, broadcast, portion a where industries are industries copyright Partial Partial CopyrightIndustry 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 5. 4. 6. 5. 7. Interdependent CopyrightIndustry 6. 7. Interdependent CopyrightIndustry percent respectively. Jewellery and Coins, which ranked in fourth place, reached 0.02 percentshareby reached0.02 percent place, respectively. fourth in ranked which Coins, and Jewellery and othersimilarequipment TV Sets,Radios,VCRs,[…] and othersimilarequipment TV Sets,Radios,VCRs,[…] Computers andEquipment Computers andEquipment Musical Instruments Musical Instruments Photocopiers Cinematographic Instruments Photographic and Photocopiers Blank RecordingMaterial Cinematographic Instruments Photographic and Paper Blank RecordingMaterial Paper Interdependent CopyrightIndustryContributiontoGrossValue Added,% Value AddedofInterdependentCopyrightIndustry, LTL million Category Category The first group created 0.10 percent of GVA, the second 0.07 percent and the third and 0.07 percent thesecond of GVA, percent 0.10 created group first The 2000 174.8 328.0 2000 0.45 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.19 0.84 67.3 73.3 2.0 1.7 8.8 0.0 213.8 441.7 2001 2001 0.50 0.21 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.22 1.04 89.6 41.5 91.8 2.7 2.2 0.0 244.6 105.5 459.2 2002 2002 93.1 10.7 0.57 0.22 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.24 1.06 3.2 2.1 0.0 248.3 104.8 170.5 539.3 2003 2003 10.8 0.51 0.21 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.35 1.10 2.2 2.7 0.0 Architecture, Engineering, Surveying, Furniture Surveying, Architecture,Engineering, 289.8 169.8 223.4 701.5 2004 2004 13.2 0.54 0.32 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.41 1.30 2.2 3.1 0.0 300.3 160.0 232.5 713.8 2005 13.8 2005 4.6 2.5 0.1 0.47 0.25 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.37 1.13 364.9 217.2 256.4 860.5 2006 15.9 2006 2.8 2.8 0.4 0.50 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.35 1.17 387.0 255.2 257.9 941.5 2007 20.0 12.2 3.9 5.3 2007 0.44 0.29 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.29 1.06 1,267.4 384.1 339.8 447.8 2008 10.8 22.2 60.2 2008 2.4 0.38 0.34 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.45 1.27 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania35 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.01 2008 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.01 2007 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.01 2006 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.01 2005 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.02 2004 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.02 2003 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.02 2002 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.02 2001 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 2000 Category Figure 8. Partial Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Added in 2008, % Added in 2008, to Gross Value Contribution Copyright Industry Figure 8. Partial Partial Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Added, % to Gross Value Partial Copyright Industry Contribution Museums Interior Design Architecture, Engineering, Surveying Toys and Games Toys Wall Coverings and Carpets Wall Household Goods, and Glass Furniture Other Crafts Jewellery and Coins Apparel, Textiles and Footwear Apparel, Textiles Partial Copyright Industry 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Table Table 10 provides data measured in LTL million for the Games and sake Toys that of reveals table The contributions. some of percentages zero the behind hides really what completeness, as well as aiming to show 12 grew times over during the decade in nominal terms. Among many other rapid developments, the value added of museums grew more than three times over the period. Although these trends are significant and Surveying Engineering, Architecture, of million 100.9 LTL the behind pale they aggregated, when important, in 2008. Table 9: Table The partial copyright industry increased its share from 0.19 percent in 2000 to 0.26 percent in 2008 relatively relatively 2008 in percent 0.26 to 2000 in percent 0.19 from share its increased industry copyright partial The smoothly in the country’s gross value added over the interval analysed. minor The contractions in sector its share, experienced during 2005 only and 2007. two Architecture, Engineering, Surveying, even though it was the largest group, developed at a rather flat rate (the sector grew at the same rate as therest of the economy) by starting and ending developments with 0.10 percent share. Furniture throughout the period was rapidly catching up with the first group and managed to close half of the gap by moving from 0.04 to Jewellery and Other Crafts exhibited an even larger jump, augmenting its share. of GVA. share 0.07 percent a very low base. although from several times during the same period, Coins grew Figure 8: 36 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Figure 9: producedand Internet amuchsmallercontributionof0.11percent. Telephonypercent. 0.43 contributed Retailing and Wholesale General while percent, 0.53 was added value gross national the to Transportationcontribution General The 2008. in added value annual national the of This copyright industry group, which captures induced economic impact of the copyright, created 1.07 percent large group, itissubdividedintojustthree subgroups. to the activities of which related do not fall is into the category of activities core copyright industries. Although the it is an of economically portion facilitating a broadcast, communication, where distribution or sales industries of works and areother protected subject industries matters, and copyright support Non-dedicated Non-dedicated SupportCopyrightIndustry Table 10: Table 11: expanding overthesameperiod. TransportationGeneral were and Retailing, and Wholesale General both contrast, In decade. the over third of contraction a by the contracting was Internet of Telephonyand of share phenomenon The peculiar,observed. easily not be may Internet if Telephonyand clear, a patterns, development the at closer Looking Partial CopyrightIndustry 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 1. Non-dedicated SupportCopyright Industry 3. 2. Museums Interior Design Architecture, Engineering,Surveying Toys andGames Wall CoveringsandCarpets Household Goods,ChinaandGlass Furniture Other Crafts Jewellery andCoins Apparel, Textiles andFootwear General WholesaleandRetailing Telephony andInternet General Transportation Non-Dedicated SupportCopyrightIndustryContributiontoGrossValue Addedin2008,% Value AddedofPartialCopyrightIndustry, LTL million Non-dedicated SupportCopyrightIndustryContributionto GrossValue Added, % Category Category 2000 0.92 0.16 0.37 0.39 2000 75.2 37.5 17.5 1.6 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.3 6.4 1.6 8.3 2001 1.18 0.22 0.48 0.48 2001 90.8 44.9 21.4 2.1 0.2 1.5 0.2 1.3 8.1 2.1 8.9 2002 1.13 0.23 0.43 0.47 2002 89.4 40.8 25.3 1.5 0.4 1.1 0.2 1.0 9.6 2.7 6.8 2003 1.17 0.21 0.51 0.45 111.7 2003 49.3 31.5 14.1 2.1 0.3 2.0 0.2 1.3 3.4 7.6 2004 1.12 0.16 0.52 0.44 128.2 2004 46.0 42.6 19.2 2.4 0.3 1.9 0.3 1.5 5.2 8.9 2005 1.06 0.13 0.54 0.38 148.6 2005 54.5 45.2 25.3 3.1 0.3 1.8 0.2 2.4 7.2 8.6 2006 1.03 0.12 0.52 0.39 181.7 2006 66.5 57.4 30.3 3.0 0.3 2.8 0.2 2.3 9.8 9.2 2007 0.97 0.11 0.49 0.37 214.3 2007 88.7 64.8 33.1 3.1 0.4 2.5 0.2 2.7 8.9 9.9 2008 100.9 260.3 1.07 0.11 0.53 0.43 2008 71.1 16.8 49.9 5.0 0.5 4.7 0.2 2.5 8.9 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania37 2008 112.9 529.1 428.8 1,070.8 98.4 2007 859.5 437.4 323.7 90.1 2006 754.5 380.8 283.7 83.9 2005 670.2 343.3 243.0 86.9 2004 603.7 281.0 235.9 2003 569.8 101.0 247.1 221.7 98.2 2002 488.4 186.0 204.2 93.0 2001 498.1 203.7 201.4 62.6 2000 359.7 143.1 154.0 Category Employment by Copyright Industry in Lithuania in 2008, % Employment by Copyright Industry in Lithuania Value Added of Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry, LTL million LTL Support Copyright Industry, Added of Non-dedicated Value Employment in the Copyright Industry General Employment Trends Telephony and Internet Telephony General Transportation General Wholesale and Retailing General Wholesale and Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry 3. 2. 1. The employment internationalless generates comparison It shows that, measure. due employment to the differences of in terms productivity in across different lower countries, ranks the economy copyright Lithuanian contribution. added value the of terms in closely very ranked is Lithuania which to Finland, and Latvia in than copyright the that means ranking lower the fact, In Croatia. and Bulgaria between falls Lithuania Nonetheless, 11 employment below Figure industry in compares productive. the is relatively Lithuanian copyright industry with other countries. Figure 10: The copyright industry generated less employment than value added for the Moreover, Lithuanian In employment. economy. 2008, total the of percent 4.92 comprised industry copyright Lithuanian the in employment more than half of it, 3.03 percent, copyright was industry generated made by up the 0.80 core percent, copyright while overall employment. industry. the The Finally, the non-dedicated partial interdependent support copyright copyright industry industry comprised 0.82 created percent of to the 0.26 Lithuanian copyright industry is shown in with regard overall employment. The employment structure the percent of 10. Figure 3.2.3 3.2 Table 12: Table If the contribution is analysed in million, LTL then the growth rates, as in previous cases, are much higher. Even and Telephony Internet nearly doubled in a decade, counting presents in 12 nominal terms. speaking, Table Technically year. each for industries copyright support non-dedicated for applied were factors different contribution in nominal terms. estimates of the economic 38 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Figure 11: Figure 12: copyright the of parts other the Similarly, decade. industry were farflatterintermsofemploymentthanvalueadded. the of end the at rebound small some with achieved, was equilibrium medium-term some if as afterwards, stable extremely was but 2005, until declined steadily gross value added for the copyright industry. Figure 12 shows that employment in the core copyright industry In general, the dynamics of employment over the years is far smoother than corresponding developments of Source: WIPO

Copyright IndustryEmploymentbyT Contribution ofCopyrightIndustriestoEmployment,% ype, % The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania39 0.82 0.26 0.80 3.03 4.92 2008 2008 9,334 3,067 9,552 35,402 57,354 1,166,651 0.76 0.27 0.78 2.97 4.78 2007 2007 9,057 3,087 8,843 34,594 55,581 1,163,678 0.75 0.26 0.77 2.97 4.75 2006 2006 8,675 2,940 8,370 33,257 53,243 1,121,463 0.72 0.25 0.75 2.96 4.68 2005 2005 8,045 2,701 7,739 31,976 50,461 1,078,898 0.73 0.25 0.92 3.01 4.92 2004 2004 9,671 2,597 7,661 31,533 51,461 1,046,756 0.77 0.26 0.86 3.21 5.10 2003 2003 8,963 2,677 8,008 33,468 53,116 1,042,231 0.78 0.24 0.78 3.36 5.17 2002 2002 8,007 2,507 7,971 34,455 52,941 1,024,217 0.81 0.23 0.81 3.43 5.29 2001 2001 8,183 2,354 8,145 34,502 53,185 1,005,716 Category Copyright Industry Employment by Industry Type, full time units Type, Copyright Industry Employment by Industry Copyright Industry Employment by Industry Type, % by Industry Type, Copyright Industry Employment Category Employment of Separate Copyright Industries Non-dedicated Support Partial Interdependent Core Core Interdependent Partial Non-dedicated Support thousand to 57.4 thousand. Bearing in mind that the workforce in Lithuania was contracting during the during contracting was Lithuania in workforce the that mind in Bearing thousand. 57.4 to thousand Total 4. 3. 2. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. Total copyright industry Total Total national Total employment* * The statistics of national accounts show that total national employment grew 16 percent from 2001 to 2008. By contrast, it should 2001 to 2008. By contrast, from 16 percent * The statistics of national accounts show that total national employment grew points over the same period. be noted that the population in Lithuania has shrunk several percentage Core Copyright Industry Core Starting with the core copyright industry, it is obvious that, Software if and Press and Databases Literature in was terms not of far its ahead economic of contribution, terms of it employment at was the still end of two the reporting times period. This more is explained important by much in higher Because the of Software and productivity reasons, Photography Databases productivity and industry. Visual in and Graphic other while rankings, added value their to compared when rankings employment national different have Arts to GVA. economic activities have the same ranking in employment as in their contribution 3.2.4 Table 14: Table Table Table 14 below provides employment figures of the copyrightthe Lithuanian industryeconomy. It is important into observe fullthat time equivalentemployment in the copyright terms for industry 53.2 grew from to employment was growing. period, it shows that its importance reporting Table 13: Table Similarly to the core copyright industry, the copyright interdependent industry also hit bottom Similarly in to 2005. the That copyright core industry, it but percent, 0.75 up made industry copyright interdependent the in employment of contribution the year, the partial copyright industry had a local minimum in 2005. Not surprisingly, Similarly, afterwards. recovered the same patternindustries. in non-dedicated support copyright is observed for employment 40 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Figure 13: Table 15: three were growing, andGraphicArtsCopyrightCollectingSocietieswere whileVisual rather flat. trend, contraction clear a showed industry copyright core the of groups four employment, of contribution The tables below provide complete data for the core copyright industry for every constituent. Measuring the Table 16: 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 7. 6. Core CopyrightIndustry 9. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Core CopyrightIndustry Press andLiterature Photography Radio andTelevision Motion PictureandVideo Music, TheatricalProductions,Operas Visual andGraphicArts Software andDatabases Copyright CollectingSocieties Advertising Services Press andLiterature Music, TheatricalProductions,Operas Motion PictureandVideo Radio andTelevision Photography Software andDatabases Visual andGraphicArts Advertising Services Copyright CollectingSocieties Core CopyrightIndustryContributiontoEmployment,% Employment inCoreCopyrightIndustry, fulltimeunits Core CopyrightIndustryContributiontoEmploymentin2008,% Category Category 13,494 34,502 5,897 5,942 2,286 2,708 2,744 2001 923 454 55 2001 1.34 0.23 0.59 0.59 0.09 0.27 0.05 0.27 0.01 3.43 13,200 34,455 5,426 5,451 2,311 3,209 3,337 2002 949 494 78 2002 1.29 0.23 0.53 0.53 0.09 0.31 0.05 0.33 0.01 3.36 13,058 33,468 4,511 4,303 2,447 3,728 3,981 2003 896 495 48 2003 1.25 0.23 0.41 0.43 0.09 0.36 0.05 0.38 0.00 3.21 12,721 31,533 3,617 2,637 2,391 4,517 4,467 2004 700 431 52 2004 1.22 0.23 0.25 0.35 0.07 0.43 0.04 0.43 0.00 3.01 12,561 31,976 3,538 2,808 2,799 4,484 4,590 2005 749 393 55 2005 1.16 0.26 0.26 0.33 0.07 0.42 0.04 0.43 0.01 2.96 12,743 33,257 3,502 2,661 3,043 5,412 4,770 2006 628 444 56 2006 1.14 0.27 0.24 0.31 0.06 0.48 0.04 0.43 0.00 2.97 13,241 34,594 3,345 2,704 3,309 5,754 5,091 2007 597 498 2007 54 1.14 0.28 0.23 0.29 0.05 0.49 0.04 0.44 0.00 2.97 13,417 35,402 3,363 2,899 3,046 6,477 5,073 2008 2008 543 526 1.15 0.26 0.25 0.29 0.05 0.56 0.05 0.43 0.00 3.03 58 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania41 64 58 52 135 2008 4,241 2,692 2,091 9,334 0.80 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.36 2008 33 55 58 136 2007 4,180 2,526 2,070 9,057 0.78 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.36 2007 4 58 37 130 2006 4,166 2,197 2,083 8,675 0.77 0.19 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.20 0.37 2006 2 51 37 134 2005 4,018 1,854 1,949 8,045 0.75 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.37 2005 4 46 50 118 2004 5,717 1,805 1,932 9,671 0.92 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.55 2004 2 47 43 181 2003 5,131 1,604 1,955 8,963 0.86 0.19 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.49 2003 0 39 40 185 2002 4,680 1,498 1,565 8,007 0.78 0.15 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.46 2002 0 38 36 143 2001 1,440 4,458 8,183 2,068 0.81 0.21 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.44 2001 Category Category Interdependent Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment in 2008, % Industry Contribution to Employment Interdependent Copyright Employment in Interdependent Copyright Industry, full time units Employment in Interdependent Copyright Industry, Interdependent Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment, % Interdependent Copyright Industry Contribution Paper Blank Recording Material Photographic and Cinematographic Instruments Photocopiers Musical Instruments Computers and Equipment TV Sets, Radios, VCRs, […] and other similar equipment Computers and Equipment Musical Instruments TV Sets, Radios, VCRs, […] and other similar equipment Paper Blank Recording Material Photographic and Cinematographic Instruments Photocopiers Interdependent Copyright Industry 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 2. 3. 1. Interdependent Copyright Industry 7. 6. 5. 4. Table 18: Table Table 18 measures the Table employment in the interdependent copyright industry in full time units. As in earlier Material. for example, for Photocopiers or Blank Recording shares; cases, it allows looking behind the zero Table 17: Table Table 17 depicts Table detailed employment developments in the interdependent copyright industry by providing to national employment. in terms of its contribution employment figures Figure 14: The employment contribution picture of the interdependent if copyright compared with industries its is contribution to essentially GVA. different, Paper and terms. value added in percentage employment than Blank Recording Material generates essentially less Interdependent Copyright Industry Copyright Interdependent 42 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Figure 15: value addedandemploymentrankings. than Jewellery and Coins. Although other sectors differed in productivity, they still managed to hold the same more employing direction, opposite the in TextilesApparel,shifted contrast, Footwear In and coins. striking of activity the in productivity high to due group, the within ranking employment the to according fifth the is list, added value the on item fourth the Coins, and Jewellery GVA. to contributor first-ranked the was it though even group, this in employment to contributor second the is Surveying Engineering, Architecture, heterogeneous expressed clearly its reveals industry character. copyright The largest contributor to national partial employment is Furniture which ranked the second in terms of GVA. in employment of analysis The Partial CopyrightIndustry Engineering, Surveying,being adominatingcontributor, wentfrom 884employeesto941employees. Architecture,that show data The FTU. 3,067 to FTU 2,354 fromgrew employment Its surveyed. years eight the over creation job expand to managed industry copyright partial the (FTU), units time full in measured If Table 19: and Coverings Wall as well as Footwear, Carpets, slowlyandmonotonicallylostitsimportanceintermsofemployment. and Textiles Apparel, contribution. employment its Surveying decreased Engineering, Architecture, meantime, the In 010. to 0.06 from share employment its increased The time series of individual partial copyright activities demonstrate a clear upward trend for Furniture, which Partial CopyrightIndustry 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Museums Interior Design Architecture, Engineering,Surveying Toys andGames Wall CoveringsandCarpets Household Goods,ChinaandGlass Furniture Other Crafts Jewellery andCoins Apparel, Textiles andFootwear Partial CopyrightIndustryContributiontoEmployment,% Partial CopyrightIndustryContributiontoEmploymentin2008,% Category 2001 0.23 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.03 2002 0.24 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.03 2003 0.26 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.03 2004 0.25 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.02 2005 0.25 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.03 0.01 0.02 2006 0.26 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.04 0.01 0.02 2007 0.27 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.03 0.02 0.02 2008 0.26 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.03 0.01 0.02 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania43 5 2 314 86 55 40 0.82 0.03 0.38 0.41 2008 941 390 154 209 2008 9,552 4,411 4,827 2008 3,067 1,186 319 5 2 2007 8,843 4,046 4,478 92 67 47 0.76 0.03 0.35 0.38 2007 887 402 177 226 2007 3,087 1,182 298 4 2 2006 0.75 0.03 8,370 0.34 3,764 0.38 4,308 79 66 48 2006 768 401 154 241 2006 2,940 1,177 275 0.72 0.03 0.32 0.37 2005 4 2 2005 7,739 3,453 4,011 71 57 48 714 358 142 238 2005 2,701 1,066 258 2004 0.73 0.02 0.33 0.38 7,661 3,441 3,962 2004 4 5 72 76 42 704 962 357 117 259 2004 2,597 320 2003 8,008 3,639 4,049 0.77 0.03 0.35 0.39 2003 4 5 82 76 41 809 871 371 141 277 2003 2,677 368 2002 0.78 0.04 0.35 0.39 7,971 3,585 4,018 2002 6 4 74 62 41 803 769 329 137 282 2002 2,507 441 0.81 0.04 0.35 0.41 2001 2001 8,145 3,541 4,164 4 4 76 72 43 884 645 245 110 271 2001 2,354 Category Category Category Non-Dedicated Support Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment in 2008, % Non-Dedicated Support Copyright Industry Employment in Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry, full time units Employment in Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry, Non-dedicated Support Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment, % Employment in Partial Copyright Industry, full time units Industry, in Partial Copyright Employment Museums Interior Design Architecture, Engineering, Surveying Toys and Games Toys Wall Coverings and Carpets Wall Telephony and Internet Telephony Telephony and Internet Telephony Household Goods, China and Glass Household Goods, China Furniture General transportation General transportation Other Crafts Jewellery and Coins General wholesale and retailing General wholesale and retailing Apparel, Textiles and Footwear and Apparel, Textiles Partial Copyright Industry 10. 9. 8. Non-dedicated support copyright industry Non-dedicated support copyright industry 7. 6. 3. 3. 5. 4. 2. 2. 3. 2. 1. 1. 1. Although this study as non-dedicated applied to the support how common industries, to approach measure which makes the results comparable with other work studies, to seems method The economies. open it in activities some for positive is seems studies) copyright all by applied that the evaluation method (practically well in Lithuania for General Wholesale and Retailing, as well as and for InternetTelephony which, by and Table 22: Table Table 21: Table Figure 16: Rather remarkably, non-dedicated support activities started with a 0.81 percent employment share a made U-turn and then rebounded to 0.82 percent. job Obviously, creation in non-dedicated support copyright Wholesale and Retailing, as well as in General Transportation. industries was concentrated in General Non-Dedicated Support Copyright Industry Table 20: Table 44 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Figure 17: against therest oftheeconomy. interdependent, partial and non-dedicated support), explaining their productivity advantages or disadvantages group (core, copyright the of groups from each significant most threeeconomically reviewsthe section This employment lineliesabovethevalueaddedcurve. the if hold statements Obviously,growing.opposite is the gap productivity the then increasing, is lines two the between gap the If general. in economy the in than higher is investigation under activity copyright the particular the of advantage productivity copyright sector against the overall the economy. If value added is higher than shows employment, then productivity in them employment between and difference added positive value A of contraction interrelated. or are growth the economic how to copyright as answers major giving by of themselves for shares employment and speak eloquently below Figures added The trends. their of evolution value the into insights important provides activities of comparison the section, this In 3.3 future, ifthecountry’s economyprovides manytransportservicestoothercountries. large, serve domestic customers. For General Transportation, more refined methods might be desirable in the slowly reducing over the reporting period. The contribution of this group to gross value added was always was added value gross to group this of contribution The period. reporting the over reducing slowly very was Databases Softwareand of productivityadvantage positive perception,a common the to Contrary in 2001and2004. economy overall the to comparedproductive more was Literature and Press contrast, By period. the of end the at increasing constantly was gap productivity Moreover,the 2005. since general in economy the than productive less been has activities, copyright core among activity largest the is which Literature, and Press Figure 19: Figure 18: Productivity inMajorCopyrightActivities Press andLiteratureContributiontoEconomy, % Advertising ServicesContributiontoEconomy, % Software andDatabasesContributiontoEconomy, % The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania45 Architecture, Engineering, Surveying Contribution to Economy, % Architecture, Engineering, Surveying Contribution to Economy, Computers and Equipment Contribution to Economy, % Computers and Equipment Contribution to Economy, TV Sets, Radios, VCRs, CD Players, DVD Players, Cassette Players, Electronic Gaming Equipment, Other Equipment, Gaming Electronic Players, Cassette Players, DVD Players, CD VCRs, Radios, Sets, TV Paper Contribution to Economy, % to Economy, Paper Contribution Figure 23: Figure 22: Similar Equipment Contribution to Economy, % Similar Equipment Contribution to Economy, Figure 21: Figure 20: The three largest Lithuanian interdependent copyright industries are highly productive and clearly contribute clearly and productive highly are industries copyright interdependent Lithuanian largest three The of the copyright industry. productivity a lot to the overall Advertising Services, which is the third group by size in for exception the only Lithuanian the core with copyright contributed period industry, reporting the of most over employment to than added value gross to more compared Services Advertising of advantage productivity the in direction clear any that prove data The 2005. did not exist. to the overall economy above its employment contribution, but instead of growing this gap has been slowly shrinking over the last six years at least. 46 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Figure 24: productivity its Moreover, share. Rather remarkably, thisgroup bottomedin2004–2005withoutanylossitsproductivity. employment the than share added advantage showed no sign of decline as value both red and blue lines have moved larger closely in parallel over the years. a created Engineering, Architecture,Surveying, group, largest The group. this of heterogeneity the by explained be can which differentpatterns, productivitycompletely have group activities copyright partial the in activities largest The the than efficient Lithuanian economyingeneralanditshowednosignsofgivingupthiscomparativeadvantage. more evidently is It decade. the over upwards trend steepest the exhibited it size, its by 2008 in group interdependent the in third only was sub-category Equipment and Computers the Although smaller attheendofperiod. was added value its activities, Paper the than employment moreto much heterogeneousgroupcontributed interdependentextremely the group.this in Although place second the in up ending significance, economic Sets TV group, largest second The added share ofthisgroup wastwiceaslargeitscontributiontoemployment. The productivity gap is largest in the Paper subgroup. The statistical data show that, for some years, the value Figure 26: Figure 25:

General WholesaleandRetailingContributiontoEconomy Other CraftsContributiontoEconomy Furniture ContributiontoEconomy , was relatively productive. However, from 2002, it gradually lost its lost gradually it However,2002, productive.from relatively was al, et , % , % , % The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania47 Telephony and Internet Contribution to Economy, % and Internet Contribution to Economy, Telephony General Transportation Contribution to Economy, % Contribution to Economy, General Transportation Comparison of foreign trade, value added and employment Comparison of foreign The share of foreign trade was assessed by analysing separately trade in goods and trade statistics of trade in which in goods available to were according the Classification of by Products Activity (CPA) services. The 3.4 and goods of exports to contribution its is Lithuania in industry copyright the of feature investigated third The services. The international trade analysis relied directly on the available data in publicly available statistical data sources. Fortunately and uniquely in this context, there was no need to impute trade data or make it the case as consistent with was with value previously added overall and aggregates, employment, when the with national accounting statistics. reconciled structural statistics data were This section showed how different and even incomparable developments in specific copyright industries are. are. industries copyright specific in developments incomparable even and different how showed section This losing it. gaining economic advantage, while others were Some copyright industries were Telephony and Internet preserved its productivity advantage. However, it was substantially reduced compared compared reduced substantially was it However, advantage. productivity its preserved Internet and Telephony to the telecoms bubble years of 2001–2003. Even after these sudden shifts were largely over during 2007– 2008, this sector seems to be outstanding in its ability to create three times more value added per person employed than the Lithuanian economy in general. General Transportation increased its productivity with a clear peak Partial loss of in the productivity. earlier gained efficiency advantage 2005, occurred together with a rapid growth in both in value added and in the end of the economic bubble years. employment in 2006–2008, which were The fourth copyright group of non-dedicated support industries Lithuanian is economy. far Non-dedicated more support productive copyright than the industries overall has Retailing and Wholesale General consist 26-28. Figures the in reflected are time over developments productivity only of three subgroups. Their had at the beginning of the decade. lost the efficiency advantage it previously Other Crafts, being the third largest partial copyright group, managed to turn productivity disadvantage to end the at observed was jump productivity additional some Also, 2004. in place took change The advantage. of the period. Figure Figure 24 shows developments in the growing sector of increase Furniture the which productivity disadvantage at during the the same period time of managed robust to steadily. managed to widen while growing growth. Its productivity disadvantage Figure 28: Figure 27: 48 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Figure 29: industry exportandemploymentshares managedtoconvergesubstantiallyoverthereporting period. proximity of the export share to the employment contribution value of 4.92 percent shows that the copyright revenuescontribute to fromability its abroad.than higher The somewhat was industry rolecopyright the of in 2008. Since the copyright economy comprised 5.40 percent of the value added, it shows that the domestic The contribution to exports in goods was remarkably close to that of employment and made up 4.68 percent activities. economic of classification corresponding the with Fortunately, accordance thebalanceofpaymentstatisticscouldbeapplied forthecopyrightindustryanalysis. in collected not are statistics services the Unfortunately,of calculations. added value the for as general in structure calculation same the and factors copyright same the using directly calculated (NACE); were imports Community and exports European of shares the the therefore, in Activities Economic of Classification the with consistent perfectly is during a recession or in hardship years, the copyright sector makes a greater contribution to the economy.the to contribution greater a makes sector copyright the years, hardship in or recession a during they are building more, but people do not give up writing and reading if they start building less. Accordingly, readand morewhen write books to start not do people that said be could percentageIt in terms. to smaller is prone also are it economy copyright to the of contribution related economic the years, bubble sectors during consequence, a As other overheating. and sector construction the overheats, economy the When recovery.economic an of stages early the are industry copyright the for years best the that hypothesis the economy.support overall data the Lithuanian than cyclical less be to seems industry copyright the all, in All Figure 30: gross of context value addedandemployment. the in exports overall the to contributions exports foreign industry copyright the putting by 2000–2008 over history copyright economic Lithuanian the summarises clearly Table23 contributions. employment or added value in changes to compared if pronounced more much are industry copyright the of trade foreign the in shifts annual addition, In direction. opposite the in remarkably,moves but, it added the contrast, In 2003–2004. in both exception contribution of the copyright industry single to they foreign trade is evolving along a somewhat smoother lines Nevertheless, than value with trend. direction, same employment the smoother in movements much demonstrated a to compared volatility more have added the copyright industry exports had a rather different and more pronounced dynamic. Developments in value while correlated, closely rather were industry copyright Lithuanian the of employment and added value The Exports Sharesin2008,% Copyright IndustryContributiontoLithuanianEconomy, % The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania49 9 4.92 5.40 4.68 1.34 0.40 0.01 0.94 2008 2010 4.68 1.28 5.37 2008 4.78 4.79 4.78 2007 1.50 0.43 0.00 1.07 2009 4.78 1.00 5.67 2007 4.75 4.89 4.56 2006 1.28 0.39 0.01 0.88 2008 4.56 0.95 5.49 2006 4.68 5.15 4.37 2005 1.00 0.41 0.00 0.59 2007 4.92 5.62 4.03 2004 4.37 1.27 5.18 2005 0.95 0.43 0.01 0.51 2006

5.10 5.50 2003 1.27 0.33 0.03 0.91 4.03 1.66 4.66 2005 2004

5.17 5.24 2002 1.66 0.39 0.02 1.26 2004

5.29 5.58 2001

4.87 2000

Copyright Industry Contribution to the Export of Services, % Copyright Industry Contribution to Exports, % Copyright Industry Contribution to Exports, Copyright Industry Contribution to the Economy, % to the Economy, Copyright Industry Contribution percent percent of the overall exports of services. The contribution of Royalties and Licence Fees contracted Exports of Goods and Services Exports of Services Exports of Goods Export of Copyright Services Personal, Cultural and Recreational Services Royalties and Licence Fees Computer and Information Services Employment Added Value Services Exports of Goods and and 11. The Lithuanian economy is much dependent more on the imports of copyright goods than on their exports. This statement is valid for both foreign trade in goods and foreign trade in services. If the copyright exports of goods made up 5.62 percent in 2008, the corresponding imports with share was 6.28 percent. Similarly, copyright services, the copyright exports of services made up Annexes 1.28 in found percent be can and services of the imports copyright corresponding the on imports details More 2008. in percent 1.56 was share Table 25: Table twofold over the 2004–2010 period. It is important to mention that, for Computer and Information Services, Information and Computer for that, mention to important is It period. 2004–2010 the over twofold as well as for Personal, Cultural and Recreational Services, the copyright factor was 1, while Royalties and Licence Fees was attributed the value of 0.5. More details to the exports of services up to 2010. the contribution shares provides can be found in Annexes 8 and 10. Table 25 The overall decline of the contribution of the copyright exports of services is primarily explained by a drop in the of share Computer and Information Services. These services fell as low as 0.51 of percent the exports in services and recovered to 1.07 percent in 2009. Quite the remarkably, least volatile contribution to the export of services was generated by Personal, Cultural and Recreational Services, which fluctuated around 0.4 Table 24: Table From From 2004 to 2008, the Lithuanian copyright industry managed to increase its share and in services, exports taken quite of together, while substantially, goods the exports of services on their own exhibited a ‘V’ shape movement by hitting the bottom in 2006. Although exports of copyright goods were rapidly gaining momentum, they decreased somewhat in 2008, when international globally and trade regionally. was The shares negatively of affected the both copyright goods contribution, exports while the were copyright exports of on services had a a much smaller par share than the with copyright industry the value contribution added to value added. are services Contribution of exports while of goods, of copyright exports total services the to exports compared are was goods copyright just of exports 1.28 24, percent Table in 2008. In should not, and do not, add up. figures to exports of services. That is why the compared Table 23: Table To some extent, the copyright economy contributes to a less pronounced business cycle. This is evident from from evident is This cycle. business pronounced less a to contributes economy copyright the extent, some To years in the Lithuanian economy. bubble 30 as 2005–2007 were Figure 50 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Table 27: share wasalwayshigherthan thecorresponding importsshare. exports annual its period, reporting the over times four sharepercentage its increased Services Recreational and Cultural Personal, though accordingly.percentEven 0.61 to percent 0.55 from grew Fees Licence and Importsof economy. theLithuanian of openness Computer growing and Information Services grew rapidly from 1.23 percent share the in 2004 to 1.33 percent reflects in 2010. Royalties This GVA. to compared if Services, other items also make up a substantial share. All three items on the services imports list were rising, Although copyright-related imports in the Lithuanian economy are dominated by Computer and Information Table 26: Table 29: Table 28: or gross valueadded.Thetablesbelowpresent exportsandimportsofthecopyrightindustry. contribution. significant positive its Analysing in lost nominal terms is category especially valuable for this foreign trade after which is far 2010, more volatile in than employment neutral nearly is Services Information and Computer of exports and imports between balance The million. LTL45.4 were imports while 2010, in 2008–2010. LTL1.1 earned which Fees million Licence and in Royalties by generated was contribution negative largest The negative of substantially out imports turned and it exports but between 2005, until balance positive the was that services copyright-related out turns it million, LTL in amounts actual at Looking Import ofCopyrightServices Imports ofGoodsandServices Personal, CulturalandRecreationalServices Imports ofServices Royalties andLicenceFees Imports ofGoods Computer andInformationServices Exports ofCopyrightServices Computer andInformationServices Personal, CulturalandRecreationalServices Royalties andLicenceFees Imports ofCopyrightServices Personal, CulturalandRecreational Services Royalties andLicenceFees Computer andInformationServices Copyright IndustryContributiontotheImportsofServices,% Copyright IndustryContributiontoImports,% Copyright IndustryImportsofServices,LTL million Copyright IndustryExportofServices,LTL million

113.1 2004 85.6 26.4 1.1 2004 84.8 25.0 55.8 2004 4.0 1.87 0.09 0.55 1.23 109.9 2005 28.9 78.3 2.7 2005 99.1 28.8 63.7 6.7 2005 1.73 0.12 0.50 1.11 2004 6.33 1.87 6.92 2006 102.5 94.2 42.8 50.4 2006 33.4 62.5 1.0 6.6 2006 1.47 0.09 0.48 0.90 2005 6.29 1.73 6.90 101.1 2007 100.0 41.2 59.8 2007 27.2 67.4 0.2 5.4 2007 1.17 0.06 0.32 0.79 2006 6.08 1.47 6.69 142.8 2008 152.9 43.8 97.9 2008 20.3 40.4 92.2 2008 1.1 1.56 0.21 0.41 0.94 2007 6.03 1.17 6.70 138.0 2009 39.1 98.4 2009 153.4 2.08 0.33 0.49 1.26 2009 0.5 24.3 36.3 92.9 2008 5.38 1.56 5.90 144.5 100.8 2010 2010 169.8 42.5 2.30 0.36 0.61 1.33 2010 26.3 45.4 98.1 1.2 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania51 5 10 34 24 22 39 18 12 13 81 96 213 229 170 197 2008 1,163 5 10 25 21 23 36 17 10 18 95 223 208 150 112 215 2007 1,168 6 6 21 17 24 37 19 12 17 89 This equally applies equally This 233 209 148 111 218 2006 1,167 18 6 4 9 17 14 24 43 19 22 89 269 185 146 110 218 2005 1,175 8 4 12 13 25 41 17 12 25 79 272 189 149 107 199 2004 1,152 5 10 16 14 26 43 19 16 33 74 294 184 146 121 209 2003 1,210 6 4 9 14 25 28 35 12 56 75 94 302 179 170 237 2002 1,246 5 5 16 23 28 31 10 20 53 69 92 291 160 128 308 2001 1,238 2 4 16 24 31 36 11 17 63 74 336 148 114 162 229 2000 1,266 Description Library and archives activities News agency activities Artistic and literary creation and interpretation Other business activities n.e.c. Retail sale of second-hand goods in stores Retail sale of books, newspapers and stationery Ancillary activities related to printing Pre-press activities Bookbinding Printing n.e.c. Printing of newspapers Other publishing Publishing of journals and periodicals Publishing of newspapers Publishing of books Number of Enterprises in Press and Literature The Most Important Core Copyright Industries Important Core The Most Press and Literature Code Press and Literature 92.51 92.40 92.31 74.87 52.50 52.47 22.25 22.24 22.23 This is dealt with in the last Part of the study and in Annex 12. 22.22 22.21 22.15 22.13 22.12 22.11 to their value added, employment and the number of enterprises. employment and the number of enterprises. to their value added, 18 Table 30: Table The number of enterprises in Press and Literature reduced from activities different exhibited opposite movements. 1,266 The number of enterprises in increased substantially only in 2000 to 1,163 in 2008, while two activities: 22.13 and 22.22. All other activities were either showing no significant growth, were falling or had just a few enterprises. This subsection looks at the structural composition of value added, employment and business demography of analysis The industry. copyright core the of part shrinking, but largest, the is which Literature, and Press of has Literature and Press in enterprises of number The demography. business its with starts Literature and Press gradually fallen with some very small rebounds. Nevertheless, this decline in number of enterprises was still much less pronounced than the contraction of employment. The value added share of Press and Literature abruptly than employment. was falling even more 3.5.1 This section deals with three most important core copyright industries, keeping a close eye on the lowest level lowest the on eye close a keeping industries, copyright core important most three with deals section This of aggregation. As explained above, in terms of the contribution to value added and employment the most important industries are Press and Literature, Software and Databases, and Advertising Services. Hereafter, the structure of these industries is described industries. by important most drilling these for down provided is to demography business the NACE Moreover, four employment. for digit and added level, both for value As in previous sections, a dynamic picture over the business cycle is presented, is completing important the to note picture. that It information provided in this digit a four section of part that takes only reflect into code specific a account to assigned values sharing i.e., shared, factors are that for activities economic those investigation. under group copyright particular a to assigned is which activity economic 3.5 52 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Table 31: in economicimportance. losing or gaining were activities which see Tableto percent. easy 0.10 it to makes economy 31 the of share in 2008. Publishing of Journals and Periodicals (22.13) did exceptionally well by expanding from 0.07 percent frompercentcontracting 0.13 percentby to 0.25 publishing 2000 book in of fate unfortunate the followed a factor of three over the same period from 0.40 percent to 0.13 percent. Publishing of Newspapers (22.12) morethan by contracted economy the sharein added value its but 2000, in 229 of out enterprises 32 shed and unhappier cases if aggregated at the lower level. Interestingly, Publishing of Books (22.11) in eight years 0.87 to activities economic of shares added 2000 percentin from1.48 added: value of terms in substantially groupcontracted copyright this value explained, the been already has at As period. reporting the look during developing rapidly to was economy Lithuanian the important because is it comparability, of reasons For Table 32: information onthevalueadded(atfourdigitNACElevel) inPress andLiterature, accountinginLTL million. either.growing not was Sale TableRetail of 52.47 activity presents publishing, 32 in developments the with Printing n.e.c. (22.22) which has grown approximately by four and a half times over the period. Consistently to shifted likely,had activity, Newspapers most the because of period the Printing over four.times ten of than more by factor contracted (22.21) a nearly by grew Periodicals and Journals of Publishing modestly, in only terms nominal million in grew (22.12) Newspapers of 172.9 Publishing LTLAlthough 2008. LTLin fromto million 2001 126.2 period the over nominally contracted (22.11) Books of Publishing example, For nominal. even was contraction activities which in see to study the allows LTLmillion of terms in Evaluating Press andLiterature 92.51 92.40 92.31 74.87 52.50 52.47 22.25 22.24 22.23 22.22 22.21 22.15 22.13 22.12 22.11 22.11 22.12 22.13 22.15 Code Code percent in 2008. This quite dramatic decline measured at the aggregated level covers both happier both covers level aggregated the at measured decline dramatic quite This 2008. in percent Publishing ofbooks Publishing ofnewspapers periodicals Publishing ofjournalsand Other publishing Library andarchivesactivities News agencyactivities interpretation Artistic andliterarycreation Other businessactivitiesn.e.c. Retail saleofsecond-handgoodsinstores stationery Retail saleofbooks,newspapersand Ancillary activitiesrelatedtoprinting Pre-press activities Bookbinding Printing n.e.c. Printing ofnewspapers Other publishing Publishing ofjournalsandperiodicals Publishing ofnewspapers Publishing ofbooks Value AddedinPressandLiterature,% Value AddedinPressandLiterature,LTL million Description Description 156.4 2000 97.2 26.7 13.2 172.9 2001 89.8 30.4 12.6 2000 1.48 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.29 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.17 0.03 0.07 0.25 0.40 113.1 2002 57.6 26.0 9.2 2001 1.46 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.30 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.15 0.03 0.07 0.21 0.41 148.0 2003 69.8 71.5 13.9 2002 1.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.23 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.13 0.26 177.6 2004 86.6 74.6 18.0 2003 1.27 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.25 0.08 0.03 0.15 0.30 0.14 2004 1.28 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.26 0.07 0.03 0.14 0.33 0.16 163.5 2005 91.6 66.4 13.9 2005 1.09 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.22 0.06 0.02 0.10 0.26 0.14 140.7 2006 96.7 70.6 16.4 2006 1.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.33 0.05 0.02 0.10 0.19 0.13 110.7 125.3 2007 81.9 16.0 2007 0.90 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.31 0.04 0.02 0.09 0.14 0.13 126.2 126.7 2008 2008 95.2 12.7 0.87 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.30 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.13 0.13 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania53 3.1 6.2 3.3 1.0 6.6 31 59 24.7 16.1 35.1 12.1 271 105 107 250 187 264 337 565 2008 869.5 104.6 296.0 2008 1,078 2,345 1,828 3,651 2,339 13,417 8.0 1.2 5.1 2.2 0.6 11.2 91.5 27.6 10.8 38.0 2007 17 67 800.0 269.9 340 397 174 263 162 248 346 532 2007 1,288 1,932 1,609 3,360 2,506 13,241 6.4 8.1 2.5 4.1 2.5 0.6 94.3 24.7 10.6 38.4 2006 760.7 243.9 15 56 276 371 173 256 143 189 387 527 2006 1,179 1,875 1,509 3,147 2,640 12,743 6.0 3.8 4.3 2.3 9.0 0.2 11.2 21.9 34.9 2005 687.4 117.4 141.2 14 53 282 411 202 262 143 185 379 357 2005 1,208 2,295 1,597 2,560 2,614 12,561 4.1 2.6 3.8 1.6 0.7 13.8 18.9 10.0 37.7 2004 689.6 102.2 137.4 24 47 977 248 666 188 217 142 173 574 245 2004 2,583 1,637 2,143 2,856 12,721 2.7 6.1 3.7 1.4 1.0 19.3 91.7 16.7 11.0 41.2 2003 622.6 124.5 39 55 262 685 201 233 139 396 675 159 2003 1,175 2,532 1,708 2,193 2,607 13,058 2.7 2.8 5.7 1.1 2.8 6.0 0.5 18.5 99.6 83.2 31.4 2002 460.1 27 93 55 95 866 293 966 119 210 377 845 2002 2,527 1,887 2,066 2,774 13,200 0.2 3.7 3.4 1.7 8.3 6.3 2.4 22.8 73.3 64.0 2001 619.5 127.8 9 64 55 642 273 113 140 138 469 2001 2,866 1,951 1,371 1,351 2,938 1,113 13,494 0.1 2.7 2.8 1.2 6.8 4.7 2.8 18.9 65.1 68.1 2000 578.9 112.2 Description Description Publishing of books Publishing of newspapers Publishing of journals and periodicals Other publishing Printing of newspapers Printing n.e.c. Bookbinding Pre-press activities Ancillary activities related to printing Retail sale of books, newspapers and stationery Retail sale of second-hand goods in stores Other business activities n.e.c. Artistic and literary creation and interpretation News agency activities Library and archives activities Value Added in Press and Literature, LTL million (continued) LTL Press and Literature, Added in Value Employment in Press and Literature, full time units Employment in Press and Literature, full Library and archives activities News agency activities Artistic and literary creation and interpretation Other business activities n.e.c. Retail sale of second-hand goods in stores Retail sale of books, newspapers and stationery Ancillary activities related Ancillary activities related to printing Pre-press activities Bookbinding Printing n.e.c. Printing of newspapers Code Code Press and Literature 92.51 92.40 92.31 74.87 52.50 52.47 22.25 22.24 22.23 22.22 22.21 22.11 22.12 22.13 22.15 22.21 22.22 22.23 22.24 22.25 52.47 52.50 74.87 92.31 92.40 92.51 Press and Literature Table 32: Table Table 33: Table Employment in Press and Literature did not the with change pattern ‘U’ a significantlyexhibited it overbetween, In the2008. in seventhousand 13.4 years.with ended and It 2001 in startedFTU thousand with 13.5 three, nearly of factor a 1,078, to employees 2,866 from contracted Books of Publishing If 2005. in dip lowest end the At employees. 1,828 to 642 from three of factor a by expanded Periodicals and Journals of Publishing 2008. in employees 3,651 with (22.22) n.e.c. Printing by created was employment biggest the period, the of 54 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Table 34: base with0.13percent share in2001. delivering 0.31 percent share of the total employment in the economy, even though it started from a contributor,very biggest low the economy. was the n.e.c. Interestingly,of Printing employment 2008, total in the to 1.34 in 2001 to 1.15 in 2008. Table 34 presents employment shares of from separate fell four It added. digit value activities its compared than dramatically less contracted Literature and Press of share employment The Table 35: 2008. Formore detailsonthegrowthinbusinessdemographyseeTable pattern in 35. 73 to 2000 in 101 from establishments business in contracting significantly was Software of Publishing Remarkably,Databases. and Software of sector entire the than steeply less growing were Activities Related Computer Other and Activities Processing Data 2008. in 128 to 2000 in 39 from enterprises increasing of number the by class own its in champion growth a was Activities sector.Database the in enterprises the of Other 2008. half in than more 1,040 for accounting 2008, to in enterprises 2000 605 reached in (72.22) Supply and 560 Consultancy Software from grew Databases and Software in enterprises of number The doubled, whilevalueaddedandemploymentgrew more thantwiceoverduring2000–2008. its growing industry, copyright share Lithuanian in the national the economy approximately in twice over.champion Togrowth real be more the precise, the was number of Databases enterprises nearly and Software 3.5.2 22.33 72.21 22.11 72.22 22.12 72.30 22.13 72.40 22.15 72.60 22.21 Software andDatabases 22.22 22.23 22.24 22.25 52.47 52.50 74.87 92.31 92.40 92.51 Press andLiterature Code Code Software and Databases and Software Publishing ofbooks Publishing ofnewspapers Publishing ofjournalsandperiodicals Other publishing Printing ofnewspapers Printing n.e.c. Bookbinding Pre-press activities Ancillary activitiesrelatedtoprinting Retail saleofbooks,newspapersandstationery Retail saleofsecond-handgoodsinstores Other businessactivitiesn.e.c. Artistic andliterarycreationinterpretation News agencyactivities Library andarchivesactivities Reproduction ofcomputermedia Publishing ofsoftware Other softwareconsultancyand supply Data processing Database activities Other computer related activities Employment inPressandLiterature,% Number ofEnterprisesinSoftwareandDatabases Description Description 2000 101 227 138 560 48 39 7 2001 0.28 0.19 0.06 0.03 0.14 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.29 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.00 1.34 2001 124 277 145 641 46 43 6 2002 0.25 0.18 0.08 0.03 0.09 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.27 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.01 1.29 2002 138 309 156 717 47 58 9 2003 2003 0.11 0.24 0.16 0.03 0.07 0.21 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.25 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.02 1.25 140 314 192 762 13 44 59 2004 349 174 724 2004 0.09 0.25 0.16 0.02 0.06 0.20 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.27 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.02 1.22 11 93 46 51 2005 422 169 765 2005 77 39 49 0.11 0.21 0.15 0.03 0.04 0.24 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.24 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.03 1.16 9 2006 492 177 840 65 39 59 2006 0.11 0.17 0.13 0.02 0.03 0.28 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.24 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 1.14 8 2007 551 162 938 71 52 95 7 2007 0.11 0.17 0.14 0.03 0.03 0.29 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.22 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 1.14 1,040 2008 605 128 162 2008 0.09 0.20 0.16 0.02 0.01 0.31 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.20 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 1.15 73 67 5 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania55 0.4 0.69 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.45 0.04 0.00 2008 90.8 47.3 65.6 35.1 2008 687.4 448.2 0.64 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.41 0.08 0.00 2007 0.4 25.9 54.8 51.2 74.1 2007 565.2 358.8 0.54 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.35 0.08 0.00 2006 1.6 18.7 31.0 32.9 57.0 2006 399.9 258.7 0.58 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.35 0.10 0.00 2005 1.6 15.5 30.7 33.1 62.1 2005 365.6 222.6 0.56 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.32 0.14 0.00 2004 0.9 13.1 25.5 17.6 74.3 2004 304.1 172.8 0.52 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.15 0.24 0.00 2003 0.3 17.3 24.8 20.9 73.9 2003 253.3 116.2 0.48 0.08 0.03 0.05 0.12 0.19 0.00 2002 0.2 36.0 15.1 23.5 51.9 81.6 2002 208.3 0.58 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.24 0.00 2001 0.5 21.2 20.5 39.4 63.9 0.32 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.13 0.00 2001 2000 245.9 100.5 5.0 0.6 14.3 25.0 31.3 49.3 2000 125.4 Description Description percent in 2000 to 0.05 percent in 2008. Publishing of Software (72.21) lost its leading position in position leading its lost (72.21) Software of Publishing 2008. in percent 0.05 to 2000 in percent Value Added in Software and Databases, LTL million Added in Software and Databases, LTL Value Value Added in Software and Databases, % Added in Software Value Other computer related activities Database activities Data processing Other software consultancy and supply Publishing of software Reproduction of computer media Other computer related activities Database activities Data processing Other software consultancy and supply Publishing of software Reproduction of computer media percent percent in 2000 to 0.69 percent in 2008. The only year when its economic share was not rising was Code Code Software and Databases Software and Databases 72.60 72.60 72.40 72.40 72.30 72.30 72.22 72.22 72.21 72.21 22.33 22.33 Employment in Software and Databases grew nearly as fast as its this value sector to added. employment increased The more than total twice from contribution 2001 to of 2008. It made up 0.27 percent of the total employment in of 2001 the without 0.56 and, country’s any percent after deviations, growing reached employment in 2008. The employment contribution Consultancy nearly of and Other Supply Software grew 38 and a three half to 0.08 times of 0.35 percent from the percent total employment over the period. Table and Databases. information on employment in every single activity of Software more provides Table 37: Table Evaluating in terms of LTL million shows Evaluating that, in in terms nominal of terms, LTL and Software Databases by grew five and a most. the contributed share large its with 72.22 activity that surprising not is It 2008. to 2000 from times half of Reproduction sectors: contracting nominally two only had industry software the that out figure to easy is It Computer 37 Media below (22.33) information presents and on Publishing value of (72.21). Software Table million. and Databases, accounted in LTL Software added (at the four digit NACE level) in The contribution of Software and Databases 0.32 to the economy measured in basic 2002, which prices was the year when increased the economic recovery from was about to start. If Other Software Consultancy and Supply (72.22) made up a quarter of the sector with 0.08 percent value, after a decade of impressive growth, it was making up nearly two thirds of the sector with a 0.45 percent contribution in 2008. Other Computer Related Activities (72.60), which also started low with 0.01 percent in 2000, was the second contribution by its increased 2005, in group largest third the (72.40), Activities Database 2008. in size economic 0.04 from 36: Table 2000, when it contributed 0.13 percent, and fell to the fourth place with a 0.04 percent contribution. with a 0.04 percent and fell to the fourth place 0.13 percent, 2000, when it contributed 56 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Table 38: evcs efre ls scesul ta te et f h eooy uig 0420, s t economic its as the same time. Table 40 below provides information on value added and employment in comparative 2004–2005, terms. at accordingly during contracting not was economy However,employment 2005. in the percent 0.41 to of fell share restcontribution the than successfully less performed Services Advertising Nonetheless, 2008. in percent 0.47 to 2001 in percent 0.27 from went It employment. of that measured in terms of the total employment. The value added growth of Advertising Services was a little above 2000 to 1,103 in 2008. Employment in advertising was boosted from 0.27 percent to 0.47 percent in 2008, if in grewfrom946 enterprises of number The enterprises. of number the in was growthrate moderate most The rates. different at grew enterprises of number the and employment added, value of rates growth The analysis ofitsstructure depth asitwaspossibleforPress andLiterature, andSoftware andDatabases. in allow not does classification rough This 74.40. code; digit four the in basket one into everything putting attention, proper Services Advertising give not does classification 1.1 NACE the that noting worth is activity.It this in growing were employment and added value Advertising enterprises, of for number success the of while Services, story real a was millennium the of decade first The downs. and ups some with Advertising Services has a significant share of the copyright economy which, by and large, was rapidly growing 3.5.3 Table 39: FTUs. In2008,DataProcessing employed563workers,whileDatabaseActivitiescreated 585jobs. and (72.30) Processing Data in developments Database Activities (72.40) employment were remarkably parallel. The firstthat started with 336 FTUs, the other one with 334 see to easy is it FTU, at Looking (72.22). More2008. in FTU 6,477 to were2000 FTUs 4,000 than created SoftwareOther in Supply and Consultancy in FTU 2,708 from grew It Databases. and Software of success of story the reiterate FTU in presented Data 22.33 22.33 72.21 72.22 72.21 72.30 72.40 72.22 72.60 Software andDatabases 72.30 72.40 72.60 Software andDatabases Code Code Advertising Services Advertising Reproduction ofcomputermedia Publishing ofsoftware Other softwareconsultancyandsupply Data processing Database activities Other computerrelatedactivities Employment inSoftwareandDatabases,% Employment inSoftwareandDatabases,fulltimeunits Reproduction ofcomputermedia Publishing ofsoftware Other softwareconsultancyandsupply Data processing Database activities Other computerrelatedactivities Description Description 2001 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.27 2,708 2001 781 764 336 334 485 8 2002 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.31 3,209 2002 920 900 330 408 634 17 2003 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.36 1,197 1,172 3,728 2003 254 602 476 27 2004 0.00 0.08 0.22 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.43 2,298 4,517 2004 785 314 639 464 16 2005 0.00 0.07 0.22 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.42 2,426 4,484 2005 729 283 574 436 36 2006 3,328 5,412 2006 0.00 0.07 0.30 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.48 742 343 520 466 13 3,463 5,754 2007 2007 0.00 0.06 0.30 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.49 668 358 726 534 6 4,026 6,477 2008 2008 0.00 0.04 0.35 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.56 476 563 585 822 4 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania57 0.43 0.47 2008 5,073 2008 466.7 1,103 1,103 2007 5,091 417.3 1,025 0.44 0.47 2007 1,025 999 2006 4,770 328.2 999 0.43 0.45 2006 936 2005 4,590 258.3 936 0.43 0.41 2005 849 2004 4,467 232.9 849 0.43 0.43 2004 883 2003 3,981 219.9 883 0.38 0.45 2003 870 2002 3,337 151.7 870 0.33 0.35 2002 747 2001 2,744 113.7 747 0.27 0.27 2001 946 2000 120.0

946 0.31 2000

Information on Advertising Services (74.40), in nominal terms Information on Advertising Services (74.40), Information on Advertising Services (74.40), % on Advertising Services Information Employment of Advertising, % Employment of Advertising, Value Added of Advertising, % Added of Advertising, Value Number of Enterprises Employment of Advertising, full time unit Value Added of Advertising, LTL million Added of Advertising, LTL Value Number of Enterprises Table 41: Table As in previously analysed cases, the information in nominal terms is Advertising for year lowest the was useful 2001 that shows 41 to look Table at sector. to a in contraction nominal any was evaluate there whether 2001 In economy. recession the in forces contracting the withstand not could sector this even when Services, million. 113.7 to LTL the value added contracted Table 40: Table 58 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania research wasdividedintothree steps: The methodology used in this study is based on the WIPO methodology, i.e., the WIPO Guide. The process of the structuralbusinessstatisticswithnationalaccountsdataare explainedinAnnex1. complexity, the imputation procedures of of fillingreasons in missingto values,Finally, anddue thewell. statisticalas techniques ofdiscussed reconciling are patterns sharing the and case Lithuanian the in attribution NACE digit four detailed level. Naturally,a some economic at activities may be activities included into several copyright clusters; thereforecopyright all the reasons for of of their description selection comprehensive the a providesexplains and Part factors, structural this of the half including second industry, The copyright accounts. the national of and statistics sources business data statistical the detail in explains Part This . 4 business statistics provide value added at market prices at the four digit level, nor accounting national neither Since groups. industry copyright consequently,for and, level digit four have to order NACE the In at established was analysis. prices market at added industry value the studies, country copyright other with comparability for aggregated too is which code NACE digit two level the the of at only available is products on taxes net about Moreover,information created. is that added value the of measurement the distort accordingly.would price This market a reduce they then high, are subsidies industry,If copyright government. the by aresubsidised sectors heavily copyright some because products (taxes minus subsidies). The chosen approach better reflects the value added aspect important to or, prices basic measured at on was taxes similarly, added net value excluding step, prices, first market at a as Thus, by data. accounts national available GVAand from (GVA) analysis deduced was prices market at added approach added value value measuring of approach gross (GDP) product domestic the gross The prices. followed basic at added study value measuring The Guide. WIPO the on based approach industries studied to gross value added, national output, rights-based employment, and relatedforeign trade, and using a selective copyright the of contribution the calculate and measure to was step third The surveys were conducted,providing thedataneeded. impossible. The data were disaggregated to the required level of detail. In addressing specific areas, direct was imputation where methods direct by statistics additional collecting and possible, and needed where data imputing classes, industry by data statistical available compiling involved This out. carried was stage collection data the activities, economic of 1.1 NACE to according classification established the on Based copyright industries. several to attributed be as to referred to are which had codes, These that industries. codes NACE nine were there Nevertheless, industries. copyright support non-dedicated and partial interdependent, core, Guide: WIPO the in presented advice the followed industries rights-based related and copyright the of categorisation The experts. WIPO and Culture of Ministry the with consultation in done was This activities. economic of classification 1.1 NACE using as a reference point, Annex I and Annex III of the WIPO Guide, as well as country studies which used The first step included the identification of the copyright and related rights-based industries to be studied, are homogenouslydistributedamongfourdigitcodes sharingthesamefirsttwodigits. accounting for the two digit level is used. It is assumed that net taxes on products and non-deductable VAT

h c a o r p p A l a c i t y l a n A in this study, are shared among corresponding among shared study,are this in shared 19 information from national The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania59 19 which estimate how much a specific

20 consists of core and interdependent copyright sector and interdependent impact consists of core The direct impact consists of partial copyright sector The indirect copyright industries. of non-dedicated support The induced impact is limited to the group economic activity on the lower level of NACE is related to the copyright This industry. stage relied heavily on copyright studies from countries Malaysia of (in one similar case). The total economic impact comprises the structure, direct, indirect namely and induced impacts. Bulgaria Direct impact and is generated in core and interdependent industries, indirect in partial industries and induced in non-dedicated support industries. These impacts were established for value-added, employment, trade. and foreign Derivation of specific statisticaldata for various copyright and specific some and (BoL) Lithuania of Bank the (NSO), Lithuania of Office Statistical National the from related rights-based industries the statistical datasets surveys. had Firstly, many missing values which had to be imputed. Secondly, for selected copyright and related rights-based activities, their copyright contribution was industries shared between (core, interdependent, Bulgarian In copyright the study. partial and partial, non-dedicated support copyright industries, only some and study the in activities non-dedicated economic of classification economic The copyright-related. is output the of support) part following the was based on the NACE Rev. 1.1. this Thirdly, tables use stage and supply included annual The definitions. deriving accounts national a the with dataset compatible is for which industry the copyright were publicly available for the years 2000–2007 from of conduct the the during (LDS) Statistics of Eurostat Department Lithuanian the by database. released were 2008 for The tables supply and use and consequently employed. the study, The establishment and application of copyright factors Targeted Data Targeted (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) The WIPO Guide recommends using income approach for the calculation of GDP if the value added calculation cannot be employed for the calculation of GDP if the value added calculation using income approach The WIPO Guide recommends this research. available for Alternative not needed as the value added statistics were methods were directly.  No country in the EU is able to produce this. No country in the EU is able to produce 19 20 Specific data for the analysis of copyright activitiesstatistics: were the Lithuanian providedDepartment of by twoStatistics primary (LDS) and institutionsthe of official Bank of domestic sector is Lithuania compiled by (BoL). LDS, while statistics Statistics on the on external sector is the a shared responsibility of both 4.1 This section is rather technical in its use of relatively complicated statistical notation originating from structural from originating notation statistical complicated relatively of use its in technical rather is section This business statistics, national accounts, and balance of payments areas. Not all technical concepts sufficientlycould coveredbe in what is arelatively shortTo explanation. gain a better understanding of underlying statistical concepts of the analytical approach, it is advised to consult the operation Organisation and Development for (OECD) Economic Glossary Co- of Statistical If Terms. more knowledge of statistical terms is then the United Nations System of National Accounts 1993 and the Internationalrequired, Monetary Fund’s Fifth Balance of Payments Manual 1993 should be consulted. In contrast, the trade data were calculated for all copyright economy without further breakdowns by industry by breakdowns further without economy copyright all for calculated were data trade the contrast, In type. The balance of payments statistics had the necessary breakdowns from 2004; services could thus be analysed Hence, starting the study from that foreign of year. foreign trade covers the trade annual data in for 2004–2010. An employment vector was compiled following the same pattern as for value added at basic prices in all details. all in prices basic at added value for as pattern same the following compiled was vector employment An these industry classes are as follows: these industry classes are levels of impact In total, if divided into three In general, as in other similar studies, the copyright industry was split into four categories by industry type: further was industry copyright core the Moreover, support. non-dedicated and partial, interdependent, core, split into nine subcategories, interdependent into seven, partial into non-dedicatedten, support and finally, the classification guidelines of the WIPO Guide. subcategories. This followed strictly into three The overall methodological approach consisted of two principal statistical data components: principal statistical consisted of two approach methodological The overall 60 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania presented at a two digit level; the data for the CCAL had to be estimated at the lower four digit NACE levels. The second part of the data comprises Lithuanian supply and use tables (SU) for 2000–2008. As SU tables are data, duetoanarrower coverage thanthatfoundinnationalaccounts. the case in many countries, the structural business statistics dataset is inconsistent with the national accounts for the upper NACE levels were crucial when detailed information at the four Moreover,data phase. digit the estimation level the was during confidential.checks Asplausibility is and consistency for essential are which higher (as in more general) positions of these codes (the first two digit and three digit codes from the CCAL) important to notice that CCAL includes not only four digit codes taken directly from the WIPO Guide, Complete but also the from Copyright activity Activity List (CCAL). single CCAL is presentedeach in Annex on 12, with corresponding information attributes and factors. detailed It is provides and statistics business structural from comes first The data. of sorts two of consists based researchis this which upon dataset statistical The fashion as possible. The request was completed, although some values were missing was neitherfor confidential data confidentiality required publiclynor available, the directlywas LDS addressedreasons. of provide to datasetthe complete as in a part Since confidential. not was which information, requested the provided LDS (royalties) are availableatBoL. transactions cross-borderincome and services on data whereas LDS, Tradeat institutions. available are data for itemthree. dataset the impute to used was two item while calculations, in weredirectlyemployed seven threeto Items a certaineconomicactivity. of enterprises of lists the to applies it that explained LDS enterprise, an of activity economic an to apply not ofthelargest list a of more accurate copyright factors for specific NACE codes from CCAL. Although the confidentiality rules do to provide refused LDS enterprises for each code Regrettably, from CCAL. This information could be valuable as insufficient. it would allow the establishment were activity economic regarding Item one was needed to support the establishment of some very specific imputations, where official statistics 2001. Imputationtechniquesare explainedinthecorresponding sectiondealingwithimputations. incomplete two These 2008. for available still aspects was were dealt with differently. costs factor Value added was at imputed, while employment was analysed added starting from value the although 2007, after data compilation started in 2001. The calculation of the value added 2000; at in basic Lithuania prices in (item calculated three) yet was not discontinued was five) (item units time full in employees of number average of seven were relatively complete in covering 2000–2008, two datasets were fundamentally incomplete. The out datasets five Although years. some for data the all lacked items other values, specific lacked items some The received datasets were incomplete in many aspects; thus, not readily appropriate for aggregation. Whereas sites. Allinall,LDSwasadirect orindirect source forthefollowingdetaileddatasets: areMoreover,columns. to assigned werenine and eight items Eurostatthe on available publicly web LDS or one to seven. In the dataset, a specific NACE code was attributed to each row, and years from 2000 to 2008 activity from CCAL. In general, it meant that LDS had to provide a table for each statistical indicator from item LDS and BoL were asked for specific annual indicator values for the period 2000–2008 and for each economic 4.1.1 (10) (9) (8) (7) (6) (5) (4) (3) (2) (1) Datasets Time Series Time Datasets (NACE 1.1)for2000–2008. Average numberofemployeesbysectorinfulltimeunits,economicactivity Supply andusetablesfor2000–2008. Imports (ClassificationofProducts byActivityattwoandfourdigitlevel). Exports (ClassificationofProducts byActivityattwoandfourdigitlevel). Number ofemployeesinfulltimeunits(structuralbusinessstatistics)for2001–2008. Output atfactorcosts(structuralbusinessstatistics)for2000–2008. Value addedatbasicprices(structuralbusinessstatistics)for2000–2007. Value addedatfactorcosts(structuralbusinessstatistics)for2000–2008. Number ofenterprisesinoperation(structuralbusinessstatistics)for2000–2008. The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania61 21 News agency services. services. Other information provision News agency services. services. Other information provision Computer services. Information services. Franchises and similar rights. and licence fees. Other royalties services. Audio-visual and related services. Other personal, cultural and recreational Audio-visual and related services. Audio-visual and related services. Other personal, cultural and recreational Computer services. Information services. Franchises and similar rights. and licence fees. Other royalties 2.1.1.2.1. 2.1.1.2.2. 1.1.1.2.1. 1.1.1.2.2. Royalties and licence fees. services. Personal cultural and recreational Computer and information services. Personal cultural and recreational services. Personal cultural and recreational Computer and information services. Royalties and licence fees. 2.1.1.1. 2.1.1.2. 2.1.2.1. 2.1.2.2. 2.1.3.1. 2.1.3.2. 1.1.3.1. 1.1.3.2. 1.1.1.1. 1.1.1.2. 1.1.2.1. 1.1.2.2. Total services in kind. Total Total services in kind. Total 2.1.2. 2.1.3. 2.1.1. 1.1.3. 1.1.1. 1.1.2. 2.1. Imports of services. 1.1. Exports of services. The Lithuanian version of this category is formulated as ‘Payments for and licences’ and the data are collected from collected from and the data are The Lithuanian version of this category is formulated as ‘Payments for copyrights and licences’ the annual BoL bulletin is provided. enterprises. In the text above, the official translation from  21 2. 1. The following indicators for services (rows) were covered in the dataset: covered were for services (rows) The following indicators BoL, in its annual External Statistics Bulletin, publishes annual trade in services data broken down of by services. type BoL was asked to provide a dataset where columns are attributed to the period of 2000–2008 aggregated and not rows to is the specific services serviceson of interest.information BoL providedthe the dataactivity; forNACE 2000–2010, moreby information than breakdown a provide not could BoL requested. on the basis of the main economic activity of an institutional unit which or provides consumes services with regard to non-residents. Thus, the data on trade in services were calculated for the national economy as a whole. 62 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania allowing userstounderstandthereliability ofderivedestimates. time, same the at feature desirable greatly a is simplicity its nevertheless, construct; to thing trivial a never is imputation effective An themselves. studies conduct to willing those for interest special of be will annex this that anticipate authors the so economies, smaller for especially problem, recurrent a is values missing that evident is it techniques, these transparentpresentationsof lacked have studies previousnational the of most As applied. techniques the of character statistical technical highly the to below,due annex dedicated a in explained are which methods, statistical appropriate with values data impute to managed authors The be attributedtothethird category. value added at market prices on the basis of gross value added contributions and net taxes on products could Programme of Official Statistics, while the second and the third were Lithuanian the of peculiarities from due originated issue first The toall. at value single confidentialityThirdly,any some have not did reasons.series missing. time Estimating were others and present were values some series, time some in Secondly, missing. The collected statistical datasets had three sorts of incompleteness. Firstly, some data for an entire year were derived. were accounts, national with consistent estimations, added value the activities, economic for prices basic at had to be imputed. Secondly, on the basis of the complete structural business statistics dataset of value added In order to derive estimations for the copyright industries, firstly, the missing variables in the statistics datasets provided theelectronic versionofthesespecifictables. Fortunately,format. paper in areonly which available 2005 publicly for tables use and supply the kindly LDS contribution shares the breakdown of net taxes by economic activities was needed. This was available only in GVA from shares contribution GDP Finally, derive stage. to final a at analysis the into dataset this integrate advance release calendar, the 2008 SU tables were released on November 30, 2011. Thus, it was possible to LDS the However,to 2007. according to up available were tables annual SU research, At http://www.stat.gov.lt/en/pages/view/?id=1585.the of beginning the LDS of website the at available are datasets available same publicly the these years, in the all detail covering not Alternatively,although of NACE. the level of code digit The two the LDS. to restricted is the datasets by These supplied are website. Eurostat website Eurostat the the from on downloaded datasets were (2000–2008) tables use and supply Lithuanian The 4.1.2 seems justified. study this of purposes for estimates Bulgarian the using small; relatively are countries between differences Tablepresents42 differentin adopted factors selected of comparison a that see to easy is It studies. country at marketprices,whichwere neededtoderivedestimates comparabletoGDP. aggregatesMoreover,added activities. value support for dedicated wereapplied factors copyright same the factor of the non-dedicated support copyright industry was applied for employment and foreign trade of non- the by divided gross was value groups added, three minus the first value the added of of non-dedicated added support copyright value industry.the Guide, The derived WIPO copyright the of recommendation the to same factor was applied, calculating GVA contribution, GDP the contribution, and employment, separately and year trade. each According for estimated were activities support non-dedicated for factors copyright The be, according tothedefinitionofpartialcopyrightgroup, strictlyfollowingtheBulgarianshares aswell. also were groups should it as 1, than groupweresmaller copyright partial copyright for factors copyright The 1. to areequal and interdependenttaken and core for factors copyright The 2005. for the study in as Bulgarian same the be to taken were industries partial and interdependent core, for factors copyright The the copyrightfactorsusedinthisstudyare provided inAnnex12. All factors. copyright order establish in to surveys targeted specifically conduct not could study this funding, methodological by the WIPO. The commissioned choice of study on Bulgaria was based copyright on relyingits Bulgarian geographical proximity the and by economic similarity. of findings study Due to the limited and this Guide in WIPO the out in recommendations set are activities economic for factors copyright The 4.2 Supply and Use Tables Use and Supply Copyright Factors The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania63 5.33% Factor Average Average

0.5% 40.10% 8.00% 19.55%

5.28% 5.0% 5.15% 26.7% 40.00% 37.74%

6.0%

40.0%

2.0%

5.0% 5.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 2.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.75% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 10.0% 50.0% 10.0% 10.0% 5.3% 6.0% 14.23% 40.0%

45.50% ecreational services. ecreational

8.3% 8.3% 1.7% 1.65% 2.0% 0.5% 0.4% 2.5% 1.08% 2.0% 1.48% 0.6% 5.0% 41.00% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 35.0% 5.0% 13.25% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 2.0% 15.0% 0.40% 2.48% 42.0% 45.50% 50.0% 50.0% 40.0% 50.0% 26.7% 40.0% 43.03% 42.0% Copyright Factors of Selected Countries Factors of Selected Copyright oyalties and licence fees; and

personal, cultural, and r computer and information services; r Industry Singapore Latvia* Hungary Jamaica Bulgaria Lebanon Malaysia China

(3) (1) (2) verage of Singapore and USA factors. The Philippine study adopted Singapore’s factors. Mexico used the average of USA study adopted Singapore’s verage of Singapore and USA factors. The Philippine all Coverings & and Hungary factors. * A Wholesale & Retail of partial copyright industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Museums Interior Design Architecture Toys & Games Toys W Carpets Household Goods, China & Glass Furniture Other Crafts Jewellery & Coins 25.2% 8.69% 25.0% 25.0% 20.0% 25.0% Apparel, Textiles & Apparel, Textiles Footwear For the copyright factor of the royalties and licence and fees licence fees category cover the receipts (exports) value and 0.5 payments (imports) was of assigned. residents and Royalties non-residents for authorised use of (i) intangible non-produced, non-financial assetsthe and proprietary rights, such as , copyrights, , processes, techniques, designs, manufacturing rights, franchises, etc., and (ii) the use, such as manuscripts, films, etc. originals or prototypes, of produced licensing agreements, through The computer and information services implementation, category was software estimated to have consultancy, a copyright hardware factor equal to to 1. related This transactions resident/non-resident covers category information services (data processing, databases, news agency), and maintenance and repair of computers equipment. and related The copyright factors for trade in services were set equal to 1 or 0.5 depending on the type of services. To measure foreign trade in services of the three categories copyright of industry, services from the balance of for copyright activities: relevant singled out which were payments services account were The factors applied to CPA activities were the activities same were as those applied The to factors NACE the applied code corresponding to while CPA goods in trade to factors copyright of application The added. value gross to contribution economic measuring was rather straightforward, since, as was explained in the section dealing with statistical issues, the foreign trade data were available with the breakdown according This to matches the perfectly CPA. with the NACE classification. Copyright factors for foreign trade in goods and services trade in goods and Copyright factors for foreign For Lithuania, all the copyright factors are exactly the same as for Bulgaria 2 in with Table some additions, as development. the economic comparable Bulgarian of study country missed a is some which copyright Malaysia, in industry as classes. percent, The 5.28 as copyright taken factor was Lithuania for Interior Design in Source: Brunei Darussalam Copyright Study commissioned by WIPO, 2011. Brunei Darussalam Copyright Study commissioned Source: Table 42: Table 64 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Guide. shared with other groups in the classification. The categories and groups in the list are in line with the WIPO is or group single a to attributed is activity economic particular a whether shows column last The patterns. sharing certain applying up split be to had they thus categories; several into some fall are which thereactivities economic studies, copyright for regard any without created was NACE used Since is study.which the groups throughout their and categories industry copyright for coding a provides table The Table43. in presented is study this in investigated copyright to related activities economic the of structure complete A NACE Rev.on 2.Moreover,based thisstudycoversallthedataproduced accordingevidently totheNACE 1.1framework. be will time) years few a in conducted be could (which industries copyright Lithuanian contribution to the Lithuanian economy throughout most of the last business cycle. A follow up study of the study.Moreover, Lithuanian the this in methodological choice used allows the be examination of will the development classification of 1.1 the copyright NACE industries’ the time, over development its copyright and Lithuanian economy the of comparisons international make to need clear a is there Since tables. use and used only from 2008 and is not comparable with been However, Rev. has longer 2. NACE it on based statistical is Lithuania time in activities series economic of or classification current The any available Lithuanian supply rights. Beingmore specific,thegroups are: economic activities according to the extent to which they are based on, and related to, copyright and related extensions, we call the Complete Copyright Activities List (CCAL). The list contains four categories that cluster provides a list in its Annex II (ISIC version) and Annex III (NACE version). The Annex III list, of with corresponding Guide WIPO study. Grouping The this in countries. used therefore is between it and Guide vary WIPO the in might well-developed is definitions activities these explicit that fact the mind in bearing even issue, Copyright and related rights activities are characterised as activities that are identifiably related to the copyright 4.3 tradeinservicesareThe copyrightfactorsforinternational provided inAnnexes8–11. such asthoseassociatedwithlibraries,museums,andotherculturalsportingactivities. distribution rights sold to the media. Included under (ii) are other for personal, cultural, and and productions recreational for services, etc., producers, actors, by received fees and rentals are services these of Examples the with associated services production areof motion (i) pictures under on Included filmsversa. or videotape,vice radioand services andnon-residents, televisioncultural to programmes,other residents andby (ii) musicalprovided recordings.and services, related and audiovisual (i) cover services recreational and cultural, The copyright factor of the personal, cultural, and recreational services category was set equal to 1. Personal, (4) (3) (2) (1) List ofCopyrightActivities category ofCCI. the into fall not do which of activities the and matters, subject protected other and works of sales or distribution communication, broadcast, facilitating to related is activities the of portion a where CIs. support Non-dedicated is activities the manufacturing, performance,broadcast, communicationandexhibitionordistributionsales. of portion a where and production creation, the industries involve matter,may subject and protected other areand works to related (PCI) Industries Copyright Partial CIs. Partial to is which of function primary or facilitate thecreation, production oruseofworksandanyotherprotected subjectmatter. only the equipment, of sales and manufacturing production, or CIs. exhibition, Interdependent and communication broadcast, performance, distribution andsalesofworksanyotherprotected subjectmatter. manufacturing, and production CIs. Core oe oyih Idsre (C) r idsre ta ae ul eggd n h creation, the in engaged fully are that industries are (CCI) Industries Copyright Core Interdependent Copyright Industries (ICI) are industries that are engaged in engaged are that industries are (ICI) Industries Copyright Interdependent o-eiae Spot oyih Idsre (DI ae industries are (NDCI) Industries Copyright Support Non-Dedicated The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania65 Attribution Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Shared Shared Shared Single Single Single Single Shared Shared Shared Shared Single Single Single Shared Shared Single Single Single Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Shared Shared Shared Single Shared Description Publishing of books Publishing of newspapers and periodicals Publishing of journals Other publishing Printing of newspapers Printing n.e.c. Bookbinding Pre-press activities Ancillary activities related to printing Retail sale of books, newspapers and stationery Retail sale of second-hand goods in stores Other business activities n.e.c. Artistic and literary creation and interpretation News agency activities Library and archives activities Publishing of sound recordings Reproduction of sound recording Wholesale of electrical household appliances and radio and television goods Retail sale of electrical household appliances and radio and television goods Other business activities n.e.c. Artistic and literary creation and interpretation Operation of arts facilities Other entertainment activities n.e.c. Reproduction of video recording Wholesale of electrical household appliances and radio and television goods Other business activities n.e.c. Motion picture and video production Motion picture and video distribution Motion picture projection Artistic and literary creation and interpretation Radio and television activities Photographic activities Reproduction of computer media Publishing of software Other software consultancy and supply Data processing Database activities Other computer related activities Other business activities n.e.c. Artistic and literary creation and interpretation Museums activities and preservation of historical sites and buildings Advertising Other business activities n.e.c. 1.1 NACE 22.11 22.12 22.13 22.15 22.21 22.22 22.23 22.24 22.25 52.47 52.50 74.87 92.31 92.40 92.51 22.14 22.31 51.43 52.45 74.87 92.31 92.32 92.34 22.32 51.43 74.87 92.11 92.12 92.13 92.31 92.20 74.81 22.33 72.21 72.22 72.30 72.40 72.60 74.87 92.31 92.52 74.40 74.87 Groups Press and Literature Music, Theatrical Productions, Operas Motion Picture and Video Radio and Television Photography Software and Databases and Graphic Visual Arts Advertising Services Copyright Societies Collecting 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Complete Copyright Activities List Used in the Study Copyright Activities Complete Category I. Core CIs Table 43: Table 66 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Table 43: II.  III. PartialCIs CIs Interdependent Category Complete CopyrightActivitiesListUsedintheStudy(continued) 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 5. 1. 7. equipment other similar Equipment and Electronic Gaming Cassette Players, DVD Players, VCRs, CDPlayers, TV Sets,Radios, Equipment Computers and Instruments Musical Photocopiers Material Blank Recording Instruments Cinematographic Photographic and and Footwear Apparel, Textiles Paper Groups 32.30 52.45 51.43 30.02 71.33 51.85 51.84 36.30 52.45 30.01 51.85 24.64 33.40 24.65 17.60 21.11 52.43 52.42 52.41 51.42 29.54 19.30 18.24 18.23 18.22 18.21 18.10 17.72 17.71 51.56 29.55 24.30 21.12 NACE 1.1 apparatus andassociatedgoods sound orvideorecordingreproducing Manufacture oftelevisionandradioreceivers, and radiotelevisiongoods Retail saleofelectricalhouseholdappliances and radiotelevisiongoods Wholesale ofelectricalhouseholdappliances information processingequipment Manufacture ofcomputersandother including computers Renting ofofficemachineryandequipment, equipment Wholesale ofotherofficemachineryand equipment andsoftware Wholesale ofcomputers,computerperipheral Manufacture ofmusicalinstruments and radiotelevisiongoods Retail saleofelectricalhouseholdappliances Manufacture ofofficemachinery equipment Wholesale ofotherofficemachineryand Manufacture ofphotographicchemicalmaterial photographic equipment Manufacture ofopticalinstrumentsand Manufacture ofpreparedunrecordedmedia Manufacture ofknittedandcrochetedfabrics Manufacture ofpulp Retail saleoffootwearandleather goods Retail saleofclothing Retail saleoftextiles Wholesale ofclothingandfootwear and leatherproduction Manufacture ofmachineryfortextile,apparel Manufacture offootwear accessories n.e.c. Manufacture ofotherwearingappareland Manufacture ofunderwear Manufacture ofotherouterwear Manufacture ofworkwear Manufacture ofleatherclothes cardigans andsimilararticles Manufacture ofknittedandcrochetedpullovers, Manufacture ofknittedandcrochetedhosiery Wholesale ofotherintermediateproducts paperboard production Manufacture ofmachineryforpaperand coatings, printinginkandmastics Manufacture ofpaints,varnishesandsimilar Manufacture ofpaperandpaperboard Description Single Shared Shared Single Single Shared Single Single Shared Shared Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Attribution The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania67 Attribution Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Shared Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Shared Single Single Single Single Single Shared Shared Shared Description Striking of coins and related articles Manufacture of jewellery n.e.c. jewellery Manufacture of imitation Other manufacturing n.e.c. and seats Manufacture of chairs office and shop furniture Manufacture of other kitchen furniture Manufacture of other Manufacture of other furniture Manufacture of mattresses Wholesale of other office machinery and equipment Retail sale of furniture, lighting equipment and household articles n.e.c. Manufacture of other products of wood Manufacture of articles of cork, straw and plaiting materials Shaping and processing of flat glass Manufacture of hollow glass Manufacture of glass fibres Manufacture and processing of other glass, including technical glassware Manufacture of ceramic household and ornamental articles Manufacture of ceramic sanitary fixtures Manufacture of ceramic insulators and insulating fittings Manufacture of other technical ceramic products Manufacture of other ceramic products Manufacture of refractory ceramic products Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c. Manufacture of lighting equipment and electric lamps Retail sale of furniture, lighting equipment and household articles n.e.c. Manufacture of carpets and rugs Manufacture of wallpaper Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard n.e.c. Manufacture of games and toys Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy Other business activities n.e.c. Retail sale of second-hand goods in stores Museums activities and preservation of historical sites and buildings 1.1 NACE 36.21 36.22 36.61 36.63 36.11 36.12 36.13 36.14 36.15 51.85 52.44 20.51 20.52 26.12 26.13 26.14 26.15 26.21 26.22 26.23 26.24 26.25 26.26 28.75 31.50 52.44 17.51 21.24 21.25 36.50 74.20 74.87 52.50 92.52 Groups Jewellery and Coins Other Crafts Furniture Household Goods, China and Glass Coverings and Wall Carpets and Games Toys Architecture, Engineering, Surveying Interior Design Museums 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Complete Copyright Activities List Used in the Study (continued) List Used in the Study Copyright Activities Complete Category III. Partial CIs (continued) Table 43: Table 68 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Table 43: IV.  support CIs Non-dedicated Category Complete CopyrightActivitiesListUsedintheStudy(continued) 1. and Retailing General Wholesale Groups 71.40 52.63 52.62 52.61 52.50 52.48 52.45 52.12 52.11 51.90 51.88 51.87 51.86 51.85 51.83 51.82 51.81 51.47 51.46 51.45 51.44 51.43 51.41 51.19 51.18 51.17 51.16 51.15 51.14 51.13 51.12 51.11 NACE 1.1 Renting ofpersonalandhousehold goodsn.e.c. Other non-storeretailsale Retail saleviastallsandmarkets Retail saleviamailorderhouses Retail saleofsecond-handgoods instores Other retailsaleinspecialisedstores and radiotelevisiongoods Retail saleofelectricalhouseholdappliances Other retailsaleinnon-specialisedstores beverages ortobaccopredominating Retail saleinnon-specialisedstoreswithfood, Other wholesale accessories andimplements,includingtractors Wholesale ofagriculturalmachineryand industry, tradeandnavigation Wholesale ofothermachineryforusein equipment Wholesale ofotherelectronicpartsand equipment Wholesale ofotherofficemachineryand and ofsewingknittingmachines Wholesale ofmachineryforthetextileindustry engineering machinery Wholesale ofmining,constructionandcivil Wholesale ofmachinetools Wholesale ofotherhouseholdgoods Wholesale ofpharmaceuticalgoods Wholesale ofperfumeandcosmetics and cleaningmaterials Wholesale ofchinaandglassware,wallpaper and radiotelevisiongoods Wholesale ofelectricalhouseholdappliances Wholesale oftextiles Agents involvedinthesaleofavarietygoods products orrangesofn.e.c. Agents specialisinginthesaleofparticular and tobacco Agents involvedinthesaleoffood,beverages footwear andleathergoods Agents involvedinthesaleoftextiles,clothing, household goods,hardwareandironmongery Agents involvedinthesaleoffurniture, industrial equipment,shipsandaircraft Agents involvedinthesaleofmachinery, building materials Agents involvedinthesaleoftimberand and industrialchemicals Agents involvedinthesaleoffuels,ores,metals semi-finished goods materials, liveanimals,textilerawmaterialsand Agents involvedinthesaleofagriculturalraw Description Single Single Single Single Shared Single Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Attribution The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania69 Attribution Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Description Transport via railways Transport land transport Other scheduled passenger operation Taxi transport Other land passenger Freight transport by road transport Sea and coastal water Inland water transport Scheduled air transport Non-scheduled air transport Cargo handling Storage and warehousing Other supporting land transport activities Other supporting water transport activities Other supporting air transport activities Activities of travel agencies and tour operators; tourist assistance activities n.e.c. Activities of other transport agencies National post activities Courier activities other than national post activities Telecommunications 1.1 NACE 60.10 60.21 60.22 60.23 60.24 61.10 61.20 62.10 62.20 63.11 63.12 63.21 63.22 63.23 63.30 63.40 64.11 64.12 64.20 Groups General Transportation Telephony and Telephony Internet 2. 3. Complete Copyright Activities List Used in the Study (continued) List Used in the Study Copyright Activities Complete Shared Copyright Activities Shared Category Non-dedicated support CIs (continued) ’The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Bulgaria.’ May 2007. IV.  IV. Table 43: Table 22  Table 44 portrays these nine shared economic activities Table attributed to the copyright activities groups. Groups 43. in Table with the codes introduced to in compliance referred are This section details how shared activities are even I, Annex Guide WIPO the with consistent is distributed This list. above the in used repeatedly are to that codes shared different copyright industries. There are nine although it is not explicit in Annex III of the WIPO Guide. In fact, much of the work extending the code list 2007. in conducted industry copyright the of study22 Bulgarian the in out carried been has Rev.1.1 NACE of 4.4 70 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Table 44: 23 The activities. economic copyright shared of distribution summary oftheseestimates isprovided inTable the 45. establish to managed study Bulgarian The copyright factors,butfortunatelythesecodesdonotappear inTable 44. as only activities these conducts groupapplying I.8 and I.6 I.1, in enterprises it of number the calculated we Nevertheless, activities. secondary if all, at subgroup industry copyright any to attributable be not might does not attempt to address the structural business statistics of the copyright industry. The specific enterprise of enterprises within a specific copyright industry activity, as was attempted in the Bulgarian study. This study There was no need or justification to estimate a parameter which would allow the distribution of the number highly unlikely. Accordingly, thiscodeisnotassignedtogroup II.4. in full. Assigning some part of 52.44 to the Photocopiers category is possible only theoretically, but practically of some Photocopiers that category content might be classified under code 22.22, but we attribute this code to groupobserve I.1 to appropriate be also might economy.It the of rest the and industry copyright the between shared is it fact, In shared. as treated be should code the percentagesdifferent of attribution the different with II.4 capture groupto order in codes, to for not but groups, attributed for established are factors are copyright As percentages. sharing that 44 Table in codes two are There this. for reason very practical a is There (II.4). group one to attributed is it as 44 in Table 30.01 code find to peculiar seem might It be could codes other The considered asbeinglessincompatiblewiththeneedsofcopyrighteconomicanalysis. 92.31. and 52.45, 51.85, 51.43, codes: four are needs analysis copyright with incompatible still awkwardbut less Slightly six. of rank the with 74.87 is ‘awkward’code most The analysis. Tableeconomic copyright of needs the with incompatibility 1.1 NACE the of summary useful a gives also 44 this analysis,theBulgariancalculationsof2005were takenasabasisforLithuanianestimations. the analysing for source major shares was the Bulgarian The study referred to above, where applied. calculations were carried out for 2003 and 2005. was In pattern sharing added value the measure, trade foreign the For measures. employment and added value the on focuses study current the because employment) for share another and added value for share (the parameters two estimate to necessary was and It categories subcategories. industry copyright corresponding to distributed be to have Table44 in described activities be derived. Depending on the derived estimation, the shares may or may not add up to 1. The nine economic In the next step, the attribution factors, which give the exact percentage contribution to each group, have to 74.87 92.52 92.31 52.50 52.45 52.44 51.85 51.43 30.01

More information onthederivationofthese estimatesmaybefoundintheBulgarian study. Code Shared CopyrightActivitiesList Other businessactivitiesn.e.c. buildings Museums activitiesandpreservationofhistoricalsites Artistic andliterarycreationinterpretation Retail saleofsecond-handgoodsinstores television goods Retail saleofelectricalhouseholdappliancesandradio articles n.e.c. Retail saleoffurniture,lightingequipmentandhousehold Wholesale ofotherofficemachineryandequipment television goods Wholesale ofelectricalhouseholdappliancesandradio Manufacture ofofficemachinery Activity Description 23 I.1 I.7 I.1 I.1 I.2 III.4 II.2 I.2 II.4 First I.2 III.10 I.2 III.10 II.1 III.5 II.4 I.3 Second Group I.3 I.3 IV.1 II.3 III.4 II.1 Third I.7 I.7 IV.1 IV.1 IV.1 Fourth I.9 Fifth III.9 Sixth The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania71 % 0.6 0.6 0.0 2.4 1.7 3.5 5.9 33.8 65.0 16.0 84.0 57.2 42.8 30.9 65.0 12.8 11.0 80.0 20.0 10.0 10.0 80.0 12.8 35.0 51.2 14.0 23.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Employment 67 85 139 730 869 607 311 144 4,782 3,575 8,357 number employed % 0.6 0.6 0.0 2.4 1.7 5.6 5.1 3.1 33.8 65.0 37.0 63.0 42.6 57.4 30.9 65.0 13.5 80.0 20.0 10.0 10.0 80.0 10.8 35.0 20.5 22.4 54.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Value added Value 248 7,558 6,753 2,766 4,700 7,466 7,942 1,628 1,781 4,285 18,673 25,194 43,867 16,425 12,009 415,132 429,443 216,126 244,560 thousand BGN Industries, economic activities Industries, economic Distribution of Shared Copyright Economic Activities in Bulgaria, 2005 Economic Activities of Shared Copyright Distribution I.2 I.3 II.1 IV.1 51.43 II.2 III.4 IV.1 51.85 III.4 III.5 52.44 I.2 II.1 II.3 IV.1 52.45 I.2 I.3 92.31 I.7 III.9 92.52 I.1 III.9 IV.1 52.50 I.1 I.7 74.87 I.1 I.2 I.3 I.7 Table 45: Table The Lithuanian and Bulgarian economies share a great similarity in their recent economic history and their good very a be to seem would activities copyright the of shares Bulgarian the therefore, structure; economic in six out appropriate for defining are the Lithuanian distribution. It was decided proxy that Bulgarian shares of nine cases when defining Lithuanian sharing patterns.Two other distributions, for activities to Bulgarian estimates. if compared modified, and distribution for 30.01 was introduced, 52.50, were 74.87 and 72 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Table 46: value for added aswell.Thecollecteddataforgroup I.9andestimatesare presented in Tablecomponent I.9 46. the out single to used were shares same year.Moreover,the each for calculated their for surveyed was 74.87 in been I.9 of share have employment Consequently, the 2000-2008. societies during figures employment The time full surveyed. were societies collecting copyright all to order I.9, In study. four estimate Bulgarian the into from down transferred were it 74.87 broke the study of components Bulgarian four the The while subcategories. subcategories six into down broken is 74.87 Activity Table 47: nine the to applied shared economicactivities. activities economic shared of estimates Lithuanian the presents 47 TableAltogether, and wholesalecategories. activity by assigning 5 percent to group II.4. We consistently apply the same sharing factor to the production shared a as 30.01 code the Moreover,treat II.4. the we group to assigned are percent on 5 after only 51.85 group code Photocopiers the to due are study accordinglist Lithuanian sharesBulgarian The Guide. the to areemployment and added value of for applied Bulgarian the with differences sharing remaining The hand goodsinstores consistsoftheresale ofsecond-handautomobilepartsandclothes. economy. Lithuanian the 10 for of high estimate Bulgarian too the from reduced is also were antiques This and books 52.50. second-hand of of sales of shares percent) The 10 + percent (10 percent 20 up made activities economic copyright that assumed study Bulgarian The estimates. Bulgarian comparedthe when to The estimates of the copyright content of activity 52.50 in the Lithuanian economy were significantly reduced derived from expenditure approach consideringfirmsandhouseholdsexpenditures. The Interior Design (III. 9) component in code 74.87 was estimated as being 7 percent for Lithuania. This was * Onlytwooutoffourcurrently operatingcollectingsocietieswere operatingintheperiodof2000-2008. 51.85 IV.1 III.4 II.4 II.2 51.43 IV.1 II.1 I.3 I.2 30.01 II.4 LATGA-A AGATA Copyright collectingsocieties 74.87 Share ofI.9in74.87,% percent to 3 and 5 percent respectively in the Lithuanian case. The major part of a retail sale of second- of sale retail a of part major The case. Lithuanian the in respectivelypercent 5 and 3 to percent Activity, industry, society* Industries, economicactivities Employment ofCopyrightCollectingSocietiesinLithuania Distribution ofSharedCopyrightEconomicActivitiesinLithuania,2000–2008 2000 716 4.1 26 29 3 2001 731 5.1 30 37 7 Value added,% 100.0 100.0 59.9 35.1 65.0 33.8 2002 0.0 5.0 0.6 0.6 5.0 5.0 945 4.8 35 10 45 2003 1082 4.4 34 14 48 Distribution 2004 1111 4.7 35 17 52 2005 1118 4.9 36 19 55 Employment, % 2006 1121 5.0 38 18 56 100.0 100.0 79.8 15.2 65.0 33.8 0.0 5.0 0.6 0.6 5.0 5.0 2007 1265 4.3 35 19 54 2008 1460 38.5 57.5 3.9 19 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania73 2.4 1.7 3.0 5.0 3.5 5.9 7.0 57.2 42.8 30.9 65.0 92.0 12.8 12.8 51.2 14.0 23.7 11.0 80.0 20.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3.9-5.1 45.9-47.1 Employment, % Distribution 2.4 1.7 3.0 5.0 5.1 5.6 7.0 3.1 42.6 57.4 30.9 65.0 92.0 13.5 10.8 20.5 22.4 54.0 80.0 20.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3.9-5.1 45.9-47.1 Value added, % Value Distribution of Shared Copyright Economic Activities in Lithuania, 2000–2008 (continued) in Lithuania, 2000–2008 Economic Activities of Shared Copyright Distribution Industries, economic activities Industries, economic III.4 III.5 52.44 I.2 II.1 II.3 IV.1 52.45 I.1 III.9 IV.1 52.50 I.1 I.2 I.3 I.7 I.9 III.10 74.87 I.1 I.2 I.3 I.7 92.31 I.7 III.9 92.52 Table 47: Table Although this study derives annual time series for all copyright industries, the shared activities constitute only only constitute activities shared the industries, copyright all for series time annual derives study this Although a small fraction of overall copyright activities. Therefore, there was no particular analytical need individual copyright to estimates derive for each In year. the case of the copyright collecting societies, there was an apparent necessity to conduct a Takingspecific this survey. the opportunity, annual data for the copyright collecting societies better captures the dynamics over the decade than activities. the other seven shared economic 74 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania up studiesinthemostefficient way. and international practices might be improved. The recommendations below address how national to conduct both follow- where areas several reveals industry rights related and copyright Lithuanian the of study The efforts in legal regulation have to be concentrated on issues of legal enforcement and legal implementation. legal development, of stage this At major copyright. to related activities economic any any of development the to pose obstacles not does with it Therefore, conformity agreements. in international is and directives and EU well-advanced of provisions is the activities rights related and copyright the of regulation Legal economy copyright the extent, some To economy.contributes toalesspronounced businesscycleinLithuania. the to contribution greater a makes sector copyright the years, hardship or recession during contrast, By terms. percentage in contribution economic an to of makes less economy prone copyright are the years, it bubble to so-called the related during consequence, sectors a and As expansion. sector excessive construction the overheating, is economy the When cycle. business last the during economy national overall the than cyclical less was industry copyright the all, in All abroad. fromrevenues contribute to ability its than higher is industry copyright the of role domestic the that shows it added, value of percent 5.40 comprises economy copyright the Since 2008. in percent 4.68 up made It and services. The contribution to exports was the lowest measure compared to employment and value added. goods of exports to contribution its was Lithuania in industry thirdcopyright featureThe the investigated of comprised 0.82percent ofemployment. industry copyright support non-dedicated Finally,the employment. overall of percent 0.26 created industry copyright industry. The interdependent copyright industry made up 0.80 percent, while the partial copyright core the by gross generated was the percent, 3.03 namely of employment, of percent part largest Moreover, 5.40 the added). value to (compared employment total of percent 4.92 comprised industry copyright The copyright industry generated less employment than value added – in 2008, employment in the Lithuanian were derivedfrom thestructuralbusinessstatisticsbyreconciling themwiththenationalaccountsdata. 2008 for numbers The added. value gross the of percent 1.07 industry,comprised support non-dedicated the as classified traditionally is industry,which copyright the serves which economy the of part Finally,the economy.the in added value the of percent 0.26 created industry copyright partial economy.The national copyright interdependent The industry. copyright industry, core which is the section the most closely related to the core comprised copyright section, made up 1.27 percent percent, of the 2.79 it, of half Moreover, than added. morevalue gross of percent 5.40 comprised industry copyright Lithuanian the 2008, in that, established was it activities, economic of added value the of analysis statistical detailed the of basis the On while Software andDatabases hasrapidlybeencatchingup. in 2000–2008 was Press and Literature with a little less than 1 percent contribution at the end of the period, industry copyright largest The employment. national the percentto around3 contributes industry copyright industries to the country’s foreign exports falls close to its contribution to the national employment. The core creative of contribution The general. in economy the than productivemore is it as employment, of terms in and the specific year. The copyright industry in Lithuania is more important in terms of gross value added than measuretrade) the aroundemployment, on hovering added, depending decade, (value number last this the The Lithuanian copyright and related rights industry made up around 5 percent of the country’s economy over copyright the of industries. system monitoring national the of development the for foundations lay and Lithuania in conclusions, the recommendations aim to reinforce the growth of the copyright and related rights industries This part sums up the major conclusions of the analysis of the Lithuanian copyright industries. Based on these . 5

s n o i t a d n e m m o c e R d n a n o i s u l c n o C The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania75 and other national institutions: national other and Lithuania of Republic the of Culture of Ministry the The implementation of a follow-up copyright 2009. study should cover years starting with account. The next economy study, taking the funding needed into The implementation of the next national completed which study relates should the European be classification timed of economic after relevant activities methodological classification NACE work ofRev.2 with the is the copyright classification the in updates the As again. updated is industry.Rev.2 NACE the when than later no conducted On the other hand, once in made a approximately decade, are the periodicity of studies should be less than a decade. If the next study and costs Taking should be years. five every it conduct to appropriate more be would it available, is funding the excessive. an annual conduct of studies seems merits into account, A national statistical compilation of the Copyright and Related Rights Economic Statistics every five or ten years. The Lithuanian Statistics Department or task. It would beneficialbe toextremely incorporate such a study into the of Lithuanian Programme the Ministry of the Culture burdened significantly could have which constraints, execute confidentiality resolving this whereby Statistics, Official It would useful annual be to data even more produce for the past five conduct of study. this current year. only for a current years rather than to compile statistics The production of a report regarding economic and deemed If legal sector. developments copyright the on collected of data statistical on the based years) five every copyright or annual (e.g., industry necessary, light touch annual studies could specific national attention. which gain be industry, rights subclasses of the copyright and related carried out which could focus on some narrow extremely be to economy copyright the of sub-industries the revealed study this that mind in Bearing dynamic, it seems appropriate that the Ministry of Culture conducts dynamic specificsectors surveys (both ofexpanding theand most contracting) addressing the issues of legal law. of copyright implementation and enforcement regulation, legal ensuring of aim the with WIPO by coordinated developments methodological to attention close pay To is compatible with new developments. national research that future (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (i) Recommendations to Recommendations 76 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania [17] [16] [15] [10] ] 9 [ [8] [7] [6] [5] [4] [3] [2] [1] Legal documents,reports, guidelines y h p a r g o i l b i B [21] [20] [19] [18] Statistical datasources [12] [11] [14] [13]

Lietuvosku (suv Creative IndustriesSeriesNo.4,2011(Australia,Kenya,Malaysia,theNetherlands, Peru). WIPO, Industries’, Copyright-Based the of Contribution Economic the Assessing on Studies ‘National Creative IndustriesSeriesNo.5,2011(China,Finland,Pakistan,Panama,Slovenia). WIPO, Industries’, Copyright-Based the of Contribution Economic the Assessing on Studies ‘National No 893. Publication WIPO, Industries, Copyright-Based the of Contribution Economic the Surveying on Guide ESTEP, 2005(EconomicImportanceoftheCopyrightandRelatedRights-BasedIndustryinLithuania). Lietuvoskultu Programme LithuanianCulturalandCreative Industries,2008). mokslo, j i d u t s , o l s k o m , o n e m s o t o u r g e t n I „ The EconomicContributionofCopyright-BasedIndustriesinRussia,Report,2007. The EconomicContributionofCopyright-BasedIndustriesinLatvia,Report,2000. The EconomicContributionofCopyright-BasedIndustriesinBulgaria,Report,May2007. The EconomicContributionofCopyright-BasedIndustriesinBrunei,Report,2011. System ofNationalAccounts,1993,Brussels/,NewYork, Paris,Washington, D.C.,1993. Creative IndustriesinEstonia,LatviaandLithuania,2010. Balance ofPaymentsManual,5thedition,IMF, 1993. AGATA 2010-aisiais,AGATA 2010m.veiklosataskaita(AGATA PerformanceReport,2010). http://www.wipo.int/ip-development/en/creative_industry/economic_contribution.html World IntellectualProperty Organisation, Lithuanian DepartmentofStatistics, http://www.stat.gov.lt/en/ Eurostat PublicDatabase,http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/themes Bank ofLithuania,http://www.lb.lt/statistical_data_tree ihain eatet f ttsis ‘Lietuvossa Statistics, of Department Lithuanian Rights NoVIII-1185of18May1999,includinglatersupplementsandamendments). itvs epbio 19 m geguž m. 1999 Respublikos Lietuvos (Guidelines fortheDevelopmentofLithuanianCulturalPolicy, 2010). ‘Pramon ofstatisticalterms,OECD,2007.http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/download.asp. Glossary Tables 2009. forLithuania,2005),Vilnius, enasaidmiipkiias (a o te eulc f ihai o Cprgt n Related and Copyright on Lithuania of Republic the of (Law elesniaispapildymaisirpakeitimais) es, susijusiossuautoriu rybin rospolitikosgair e sirkultu rin e sindustrijos ‘galimybiu sindustrijos , avrits R em 21 m brei 3 d ntrm N. XI-977 Nr. nutarimu d. 30 birželio m. 2010 Seimo LR patvirtintos es, teis emisirgretutin 1 d Autoriu d. 18 es u n i l a n o i c a n o l s r e v r i emisteis naudu studija’, 2008 (Feasibility Study, National Complex National Study, (Feasibility 2008 studija’, irprodukcijoslentel emis, ekonomin teisiu irgretutiniu e n i s k e l p m o k s esvarbaLietuvoje’, TNS-Gallup, teisiu 20 m’ (Input–Output m.’ 2005 es i ttms r VIII-1185 Nr. statymas e ogramos o m a r g ro p s “ The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania77 2008 2007 , , FC FC VA VA ⋅ 2007 , BP VA = denotes value added at factor costs. In other 2008

, BP VA € 2008 2007 , , , FC FC 2008 2007 , , VA VA ⋅ FC FC 2007 , VA VA ⋅ BP VA 2007 , = BP denotes value added at basic prices, and 2008

VA , = BP VA 2008 ,

Imputation of single missing values in the datasets Imputation of Basic Prices for Entire Year Imputation of Basic Prices for Entire BP

VA 2. especially values, missing of number great a had statistics business structural from originating dataset LDS The digit four with activities economic copyright some in If requirements. confidentiality to due level, digit four at NACE codes less than three enterprises were operating, the values were imputed not with provided. appropriate linear Such employment and methods prices, values which basic at fitwere added value thestudy: purposesthis of ofpoint focal thethe at These study. lying linearindicators two methodsfor deployed were calculated for output of economic activities. in full time units. In addition, imputations were words, it is assumed that net taxes on production, i.e., taxes on products minus subsidies on production, minus subsidies on production, i.e., taxes on products is assumed that net taxes on production, it words, to mention that to the factor costs for copyright industries. It is appropriate proportionally changing were to subsidies. no essential policy changes in 2008 in taxation or in policies related were there where where Assuming that factor costs and basic prices were growing at the same rate, the value added at basic prices for 2008 was estimated in the following way: 1. had it thus, all; at 2008 for prices basic at data added value provided not had LDS the previously, explained As in the structural business statistics, value added was available at factor cost. The to be imputed. Fortunately, includes price basic The purposes. current for minor relatively is price basic and cost factor between difference governmentintervention the that assume to natural is It production. on subsidies minus production on taxes with 2007. This was used for imputation. similar in 2008 compared level stayed approximately An effective imputation is never trivial to construct; nevertheless, its simplicity is a greatly desirable feature at feature desirable greatly a is simplicity its nevertheless, construct; to trivial never is imputation effective An of estimates. reliability the same time, allowing users to understand Fortunately, datasets Fortunately, for foreign trade in goods and for foreign trade in services did not have any missing values. The BoL data from 2004 were collected according to a for analysed more was services detailed and goods in breakdown trade Thus values. than confidential contain not in did datasets the previous but years, any require not did It complete. was services in trade on dataset the 2004 from starting because 2004–2008, imputations of the trade data altogether. As this study attempted to cover the copyright industry over the period 2000–2008, both value added and employment data were desirable for these years. The values for value added were imputed for 2000–2008, for 2001–2008. for employment, however, The authors managed to impute data values with appropriate statistical methods, which are explained in this in explained are which methods, statistical appropriate with values data impute to managed authors The annex, but not in the main text, due to the extremely technical character of the statistical methods applied. As most previous national studies have lacked transparent presentations of these techniques or sometimes even omitted any reference to them, it is evident that missing values is a recurrent problem, especially for smaller economies, so the authors anticipate that this annex will be of special interest for those willing conduct studies themselves. to The collected statistical datasets for the copyright study had three data areas for of an entire incompleteness. year Firstly, some was missing. Secondly, in some time series, some were missing. values some Thirdly, time were series present did and not others have any single value at all. The first issue originated from peculiarities of the Lithuanian Programme of Official Statistics, while the second and the third were due to reasons. confidentiality Annex 1. Data Imputation and Estimation A n n e x e s € € 78 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania Second, it is interpolated or extrapolated, depending upon which values are missing. For interpolation, if between two values interpolation, For missing. are values which upon depending extrapolated, or interpolated is it Second, of an indicator for activity for indicator an of 2622, 2623, 2624, 2955, and 3621. For purposes of this study it was sufficient to impute values for 2111, for values impute to sufficient was it study this of purposes For 3621. and 2955, 2624, 2623, 2622, 2614, 2465, 2464, 2124, 2111, codes: NACE following the included weremissing values data all which for series time empty the LDS, the by provided dataset the In dataset. statistics structural complete a designing in step last the was imputation this fact, level In data. available digit publicly on relying imputed four be to had they at all, at series time ten the of any entail not did dataset statistics business structural LDS the As 3. The activities. economic explained inthenextsection. ten for exception an with codes digit remaining ten economic activities had to be dealt with four separately by a completely different method, which is for values the all imputing allowed Moreover,imputed. method successfully werelinear digits same three the for values the all method, this By value for the step, final the At form. absolute an into back transformed was it third, and interpolated was it second, form, relative a into brought was indicator the first, codes, NACE digit three for values impute to order In Thus, startingwiththefirststep,itistransformedintoa relative form: imputed three digit values out of out values digit three imputed the way.All following the in values these adjusts which procedure, reconciliation a by resolved is obstacle ii cd, where code, digit o ecie mto fral, oe ahmtcl oain a t b epoe. Let employed. be to has notation mathematical some formally, method a describe To had novaluesatall,forvalueaddedoremployment. code XYZ had at least one value for some year. There were ten economic Moreover,activities CCAL. the at each to belonging the XY,XYZW code code four a any for digit for values the level all which had dataset initial The codes. digit four some for incomplete and code, NACE the of digits three for complete partially codes, The initially available incomplete structural statistics dataset was fortunately complete for two digits of NACE The imputed values have a substantial deficiency in that they are inconsistent with a value area they with that inconsistent in deficiency substantial a have values imputed The function constant a extrapolation, For which is denoted as a fe itroain n etaoain f aus n rltv fr ae opee, h aslt vle are values absolute the completed, are calculated inanobviousway: form relative a in values of extrapolation and interpolation After sign dependingonadirection ofanextrapolation. compared toitshigherposition denote a value of an indicator for an activity an for indicator an of value a denote by subtracting from subtracting by values havetobeadjustedwithregard toaddingupinthefollowingway: full time employment units depending on what is under imputation. Let imputation. under is what on depending units employment time full Imputation of Entire Time Series Imputation ofEntire Time isimputed. denote first, second, third and fourth digit accordingly. Let digit accordingly. and fourth third second, first, denote . all the estimated three digit values a sum of these estimates is calculated, is estimates these of sum a values digit three estimated the all in a specific year measured as a share in percentage points, which it has it which points, percentage in share a as measured year specific a in and . . are added up to get to up added are in a specific year measured in thousands of LTL or LTL of thousands in measured year specific a in all n - . To receive a consistent set of imputations, the 1

values are missing, an interpolation is linear: is employed, using a plus or minus or plus a using employed, is . . denote a value a denote . Separately, . e four a be . This .

The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania79 1 0 69 76 149 2008 0 0 38 65 156 2007 1 0 4 63 174 2006 0 0 3 53 210 2005 0 0 4 50 188 2004 0 0 2 46 163 2003 0 0 0 45 114 2002 0 0 0 85 45 2001 0 0 0 55 47 2000 Economic activity Imputed employment values (full time equivalents) Imputing National Accounts Data 2111 2124 2464+2465 2955 3621 The imputation method applied relies on the assumption that, in 2008, the value added at basic prices grew grew prices basic at added value the 2008, in that, assumption the on relies applied method imputation The at the same rate as market prices for two digit economic activities. Every single value at basic prices for two However peculiar it might appear, this last step started with an imputation of the national accounts data itself data accounts national the of imputation an with started step last this appear, might it peculiar However to according released were 2008 for tables use and supply the that fact the was this for reason The 2008. for The two digit values of which is not comparable for the purposes of this study. NACE Rev.2 recent the more 2008 had for the to NACE LDS be Rev.1.1 still imputed. disseminates Fortunately, value added data for two at market prices in the framework of national accounts. to NACE Rev.1.1, digit codes, according 4. This section describes a step of deriving value added and employment data that is consistent with national accounts methodology. In fact, this is comparability of national an copyright studies. Practically speaking, essential this might be achieved only request by reconciling of the all the data WIPO with national accounts definitions. The national accounts are harmonised Guide between countries to as it seeks a large to extent. The structural business statistics, a is primary inconsistent source for with this national study, achieve accounts data and, still worse, rather different, non-harmonised the in method which every provides value country. added This and section employment estimates describes for the copyright activities which consistent with national accounts data. are Although the imputation was rather straightforward for employment, it was much more complex for value the values, output of basis the On activities. economic these for output only impute to possible was It added. value added at basic prices was estimated, applying linear methods. Source: Survey and estimations by the Authors Source: Table A: Table Secondly, a private data vendor engaged in the collection of publicly available business data was approached. approached. was data business available publicly of collection the in engaged vendor data private a Secondly, The Lithuanian establishment ‘Credit Reform’ kindly agreed to provide data the which market. As the annual company financial statements sells of on firmsare publicly available, the data vendorand sells on collects,the market this information. It was stores fortunate that the data vendor not only tracked output and out find to procedure cumbersome a was it Although well. as code NACE digit four the also but employment what was really needed (the database had to be searched through looking for enterprises and within 2955, 2465, 2464, 2124, a 2111, activities: six special all into falling companies for received were data the code), since only one 3621. enterprise Moreover, was involved in economic activity for the category 3621 (striking when activities, separate for data available publicly The data. its provide to asked was enterprise this coins), of discrepancies The G2. group entire the for provided data LDS the matching in close relatively were up, added between the totals of G2 data collected by the with comply research to team order in adjusted and were activities economic for the data disaggregated the LDS totals Consequently, percent. for G2 were around 10 below. presented estimations are data. The derived employment the LDS aggregated Firstly, the LDS agreed to provide data separately for both aggregated groups: G1=2614+2622+2623+2624 groups: aggregated data separately for both to provide the LDS agreed Firstly, and G2=2111+2124+2464+2465+2955+3621. The data for group G1 were incomplete, but still could be imputed by the method described in the section. previous The G2 group was and heterogeneous had to be decomposed further. 2124, 2464+2465, 2614+2622+2623+2624, 2955, and 3621 because the third and fourth group fall into any group this decompose to need no was there study, this of purposes For CCAL. the of category same the ten. of instead imputed be to needed values six only Thus, category. copyright same the into fell it as further 80 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania tutrl uies ttsis ae te mlyet n ul ie nt fo srcua bsns statistics business structural from units addedfrom time value full the in of employment The place the takes substituted. statistics is business figure structural employment the added, value the of Instead (NACE 1.1)’for2000-2008 (item nineaccording tothe samelist). digit codes denotes the indicator ‘Average number of employees by sector in full time units, economic activity added. Thefollowingreconciliation ofderivedestimatesproduces consistentvaluesfortwodigitcodes: value gross to up adding regardto with consistent are estimations that ensured be should it step, this After The natural way to follow is to reconcile structural business statistics data statistics business structural reconcile to is follow to way natural The accounts national the in framework hastobecalculatedforeachfourdigitNACEcode,ensuringconsistencyofaggregation. prices basic at added value economy, the to contribution industry copyright the business Toproduce framework. structural accounts the national the from from stemming derived value estimate corresponding the this from then differs statistics up, added are value digit two particular a for was accounts national of derived only framework for two the digit in codes. Moreover,added value if all the the contrast, four digit By sub-values fromstatistics. the business structural business structural statistics for dataset complete a calculate to how explained has methodology the Hitherto framework. accounts national with consistent are which presented are employment and added value of estimates final the section, this In 5. released onlyattheendof 2013. be should mentioned that supply it and use tables data, for 2009 were 2009 not available during analysing the research not and are planned to to be As tables. use and supply from data added value the upon relies in Lithuania, or in other countries. For this reason, the analysis in this study of the copyright economy entirely Although national accounts data are subject to constant revisions, the supply and use tables are never revised corresponding growth rateformarketvalues. a by 2007 in prices basic at added value corresponding a multiplying by computed was 2008 in code digit follows entirely thesameprocedure astheoneforvalueadded,whichiscaptured intheformulaabove. business structural the that mind economy. the in employment reflect the not all do statistics procedurein imputation data The employment for kept be to has It estimated. be to had level codes NACE digit four at employment economy, the the in employment total to regard with employment economy copyright reflect properly to order In data. employment statistics business structural the for needed is adjustment similar A After thisstep,alltherequired valueaddeddata,consistentwithnationalaccounts,are estimated. with two digit totals digit two with each fourdigitNACEcode code Data ReconciliationwithNationalAccounts and its sub-activity its and (item five according to the list in the section on data). on section the in list the to according five (item deriving national accounts consistent estimates of value added for added value of estimates consistent accounts national deriving from national accounts. The procedure is run for each two digit two each for procedurerun The is accounts. fromnational : . . . . at hand at for two for The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania81 . is . . . , where , argument where , were defined above. By having net taxes on products at the four digit level, value added at added value level, digit four the at products on taxes net having By above. defined were Value Added at Market Prices Added at Market Value For employment numbers nothing is required as it is measured it in exposition of imputation and estimation methods. full time equivalents. This completes It is a rather that corollary straightforward the estimated value added at market prices at the four digit level value added at the two digit level. is consistent with the aggregation Assuming that net taxes spread out homogenously across the different constituents of four digit economic obtained at the four digit level: estimates at market prices are the value added activity, Since it is always obvious which year is referred to, a sub-index referring to a particular year is omitted below. omitted is year particular a to referring sub-index a to, referred is year which obvious always is it Since The information on non-deductible VAT is The available information for on every non-deductible year VAT in a corresponding annual use table from cell we denote as SUT in the national accounts. A corresponding Supply and designed use in tables a are way that only a minor part of the value added tax amount is shared between economic activities. This is the case in all EU countries’ national statistics. In these tables, the total VAT amount is disaggregated into three major parts: (i) non-deductible (ii) VAT; (also VAT paid non-deductible), by and households (iii) VAT of gross capital formation. The fourth revaluations and is residually not relevant to the current minor analysis. The first may part be onVAT part shared non-deductible relates to (iii) cannot. among economic activities while (ii) and where where the value added variables were defined in the previous section and the net on products taxes market prices can be finally calculated: Given this information, the net taxes on products are estimated for every year in the following way: estimated are on products Given this information, the net taxes Net taxes on products broken down to two digit level by economic activity are made available in Lithuania every five years, for this study, the 2005 data. Specifically, this information for net rule, a as accounting national thein LithuanianMoreover, 2005. for prices basic at table use and supply the in available economy is taxes on products are calculated annually for an economy as a whole without any breakdown. Only once in five years, two and a half years after the accounting period, is a two digit level distribution of net taxes on products disseminated in supply and use tables. This table is compiled every five years, together with an input-output table compilation. 6. In this section, it is explained how estimates of the value added at market added prices are derived value from the value compare to needed is step This tax. added value and products on taxes net prices, basic at added level. NACE digit four at prices market at added value estimate to need a is there hence GDP, with aggregates Needless to this itself. say, information is unavailable VAT the both in secondly, the examined; structural is business statistics VAT) and include in not does the (which national products on taxes net the Firstly, accounts. an economic activity two digit code: Having assigned to economic activities net taxes on products and non-deductible VAT, it is a trivial operation operation trivial a is it VAT, non-deductible and products on taxes net activities economic to assigned Having to add up It both is taxes denoted for as each economic activity. 82 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania alue Added of Copyright Industry TL million o i l l i m L LT y, r t s u d n I t h g i r y p o C f o d e d d A e u l Va . 2 x e n n A 4. Non-dedicatedSupportTotal 4.  3. PartialTotal 3. Partial 2. InterdependentTotal 2. Interdependent 1. CoreTotal 1. Core Grand Total Support Non-dedicated Category 3. 2. 1. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Telephony andInternet General Transportation Retailing General Wholesaleand Museums Interior Design Surveying Architecture, Engineering, Toys andgames Carpets Wall Coveringsand and Glass Household Goods,China Furniture Other Crafts Jewellery andCoins Footwear Apparel, Textiles and Paper Blank RecordingMaterial Instruments Cinematographic Photographic and Photocopiers Musical Instruments Computers andEquipment equipment […] andothersimilar TV Sets,Radios,VCRs, Societies Copyright Collecting Advertising Services Visual andGraphicArts Software andDatabases Photography Radio andTelevision Motion PictureandVideo Productions, Operas Music, Theatrical Press andLiterature Subcategory 1,144 1,907 2000 360 143 154 328 175 120 125 167 579 63 75 37 18 73 67 11 18 93 29 2 0 0 0 1 6 2 8 0 9 2 2 2 1,334 2,364 2001 498 204 201 442 214 114 246 197 620 93 91 45 21 92 42 90 13 17 88 36 2 0 2 0 1 8 2 9 0 2 3 3 1,227 2,264 2002 488 186 204 459 106 245 152 208 257 460 98 89 41 25 10 11 93 18 17 84 26 2 0 1 0 1 3 7 0 2 3 5 1,467 2,688 2003 101 247 222 112 539 171 105 248 220 253 207 623 570 49 31 14 11 17 21 89 34 2 0 2 0 1 3 8 0 3 2 3 1,596 3,029 2004 281 236 128 701 223 170 290 233 304 202 690 604 87 46 43 19 13 17 22 78 46 2 0 2 0 2 5 9 0 3 2 3 1,726 3,259 2005 343 243 149 714 233 160 300 258 366 236 687 670 84 55 45 25 14 20 20 68 67 3 0 2 0 2 7 9 0 3 5 4 1,802 3,598 2006 381 284 182 860 256 217 365 328 400 144 761 755 90 66 57 30 10 16 17 17 69 62 3 0 3 0 2 9 0 3 3 4 2,219 4,235 2007 437 324 214 941 258 255 387 417 565 224 800 859 98 89 65 33 10 12 20 22 17 87 82 3 0 3 0 3 9 5 4 4 1,267 2,792 5,390 1,071 2008 113 529 429 260 101 448 340 384 467 687 412 150 151 870 71 50 17 60 22 11 33 17 5 0 5 0 3 9 2 5 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania83 0.11 0.53 0.43 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.01 1.27 0.45 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.34 0.38 2.79 0.00 0.47 0.03 0.69 0.02 0.41 0.15 0.15 0.87 5.40 1.07 2008 0.97 0.11 0.49 0.37 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.01 1.06 0.29 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.29 0.44 2.51 0.00 0.47 0.02 0.64 0.02 0.25 0.10 0.09 0.90 4.79 2007 1.03 0.12 0.52 0.39 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.01 1.17 0.35 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.50 2.45 0.01 0.45 0.02 0.54 0.02 0.20 0.09 0.08 1.03 4.89 2006 1.06 0.13 0.54 0.38 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.01 1.13 0.37 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.25 0.47 2.73 0.01 0.41 0.03 0.58 0.03 0.37 0.11 0.11 1.09 5.15 2005 1.12 0.16 0.52 0.44 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.02 1.30 0.41 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.32 0.54 2.96 0.01 0.43 0.03 0.56 0.04 0.38 0.14 0.09 1.28 5.62 2004 1.17 0.21 0.51 0.45 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.02 1.10 0.35 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.21 0.51 3.00 0.01 0.45 0.03 0.52 0.04 0.42 0.18 0.07 1.27 5.50 2003 1.13 0.23 0.43 0.47 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.02 1.06 0.24 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.22 0.57 2.84 0.01 0.35 0.04 0.48 0.04 0.60 0.19 0.06 1.06 5.24 2002 1.18 0.22 0.48 0.48 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.02 1.04 0.22 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.50 3.15 0.01 0.27 0.03 0.58 0.04 0.47 0.21 0.09 1.46 5.58 2001 0.92 0.16 0.37 0.39 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.84 0.19 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.45 2.92 0.01 0.31 0.03 0.32 0.04 0.43 0.24 0.07 1.48 4.87 2000 Subcategory Telephony and Internet Telephony General Transportation General Wholesale and Retailing 1Museums Interior Design Architecture, Engineering, Surveying Toys and Games Toys Wall Coverings and Carpets Wall Household Goods, China and Glass Furniture Other Crafts Jewellery and Coins Apparel, Textiles and Footwear Apparel, Textiles Paper Blank Recording Material Photographic and Cinematographic Instruments Photocopiers Musical Instruments Computers and Equipment TV Sets, Radios, VCRs, […] and […] VCRs, Radios, Sets, TV other similar equipment Copyright Collecting Societies Advertising Services Visual and Graphic Arts and Visual Software and Databases 5.Photography Radio and Television Motion Picture and Video Music, Theatrical Productions, Music, Theatrical Productions, Operas Press and Literature 3. 2. 1. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Category Non-dedicated Support 4. Non-dedicated Support Total 4.  3. Partial Total 3. Partial 2. Interdependent Total 2. Interdependent 1. Core Total 1. Core Grand Total Annex 3. Copyright Industry Contribution to Gross Value Added, % 84 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania , L n o i l l i m L LT y, r t s u d n I t h g i r y p o C f o t u p t u O . 4 x e n n A 1. Core 1. CoreTotal 2. Interdependent 2. InterdependentTotal 3. Partial 3. PartialTotal 4.  4. Non-dedicatedSupportTotal Grand Total Support Non-dedicated Category 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2. 3. Press andLiterature Operas Music, TheatricalProductions, Motion PictureandVideo Radio andTelevision 5.Photography Software andDatabases Visual andGraphicArts Advertising Services Copyright CollectingSocieties other similarequipment TV Sets,Radios,VCRs,[…]and Computers andEquipment Musical Instruments Photocopiers Cinematographic Instruments Photographic and Blank RecordingMaterial Paper Apparel, Textiles andFootwear Jewellery andCoins Other Crafts Furniture Glass Household Goods,Chinaand Wall CoveringsandCarpets Toys andGames Surveying Architecture, Engineering, Interior design 1Museums General WholesaleandRetailing General Transportation Telephony andInternet Subcategory 1,034 2,341 3,813 2000 148 380 268 397 390 125 173 717 146 225 293 610 53 31 26 23 17 12 47 54 92 4 3 3 0 4 3 1 3 0 3 1,076 2,449 4,096 2001 133 311 371 392 442 152 165 789 165 249 327 117 692 71 32 56 22 19 16 52 60 7 5 3 0 5 3 1 4 1 6 2,447 4,340 2002 938 137 338 365 522 534 166 193 928 184 289 355 137 781 55 28 57 27 17 21 64 63 8 5 3 0 6 3 1 3 1 6 5,143 1,183 2,866 1,159 2003 138 287 447 640 639 182 306 233 311 424 151 885 95 29 43 24 17 24 76 97 5 4 4 0 7 3 1 4 0 5 5,706 1,294 3,126 1,398 2004 117 284 501 746 779 236 351 100 256 323 467 136 927 85 33 58 24 17 11 33 79 8 4 4 0 4 1 5 1 7 6,222 1,319 3,484 1,450 2005 107 144 315 632 856 764 285 369 108 289 327 540 132 999 32 71 24 17 14 39 94 9 5 3 0 6 0 4 1 8 6,935 1,477 1,018 3,932 1,516 1,148 2006 144 145 333 700 810 282 387 133 103 339 356 660 131 28 78 28 18 20 44 9 4 4 0 6 0 4 1 9 8,519 1,672 1,280 5,007 1,648 1,455 2007 235 260 471 947 105 789 377 419 159 128 410 441 859 155 29 35 13 19 23 55 12 9 6 8 7 0 4 1 9,459 1,817 1,114 1,376 5,529 1,899 1,548 2008 217 292 536 134 845 499 459 184 160 482 484 907 157 33 11 18 38 36 20 34 58 15 4 6 0 4 1 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania85 0.08 0.76 0.44 0.24 0.01 0.24 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.22 0.93 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.24 0.41 0.01 2.70 0.67 0.07 0.54 0.02 0.26 0.14 0.11 0.89 4.61 2008 0.09 0.84 0.50 0.25 0.01 0.24 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.24 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.45 0.01 2.89 0.74 0.06 0.55 0.02 0.27 0.15 0.14 0.96 4.91 2007 0.09 0.78 0.45 0.24 0.01 0.23 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.26 1.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.55 0.01 2.67 0.69 0.05 0.48 0.02 0.23 0.10 0.10 1.00 4.71 2006 0.10 0.79 0.43 0.26 0.01 0.23 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.29 1.14 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.60 0.01 2.75 0.68 0.06 0.50 0.03 0.25 0.11 0.08 1.04 4.91 2005 0.13 0.86 0.43 0.30 0.01 0.24 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.33 1.30 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.72 0.01 2.90 0.69 0.05 0.46 0.03 0.26 0.11 0.08 1.20 5.29 2004 0.16 0.92 5.34 0.44 0.32 0.01 0.24 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.32 1.20 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.66 0.01 2.97 0.66 0.04 0.46 0.03 0.30 0.14 0.10 1.23 2003 0.15 0.88 4.89 0.40 0.33 0.01 0.21 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.22 1.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.19 0.60 0.01 2.76 0.59 0.06 0.41 0.03 0.38 0.15 0.06 1.06 2002 0.14 0.83 4.94 0.39 0.30 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.20 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.18 0.53 0.01 2.95 0.47 0.07 0.45 0.04 0.38 0.16 0.09 1.30 2001 0.12 0.79 4.95 0.38 0.29 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.23 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.51 0.00 3.04 0.52 0.03 0.35 0.04 0.49 0.19 0.07 1.34 2000 Subcategory Telephony and Internet Telephony General Transportation General Wholesale and Retailing 1Museums Interior Design Architecture, Engineering, Surveying Toys and Games Toys Wall Coverings and Carpets Wall Household Goods, China and Glass Furniture Other Crafts Jewellery and Coins Apparel, Textiles and Footwear Apparel, Textiles Paper Blank Recording Material Photographic and Cinematographic Instruments Photocopiers Musical Instruments Computers and Equipment TV Sets, Radios, VCRs, […] and other similar equipment Copyright Collecting Societies Advertising Services Visual and Graphic Arts and Visual Software and Databases 5.Photography Radio and Television Motion Picture and Video Music, Theatrical Productions, Music, Theatrical Productions, Operas Press and Literature 3. 2. 1. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Category 4. Non-dedicated Support Total Grand Total 3. Partial Total 4. Non-dedicated Support 2. Interdependent Total 3. Partial 1. Core Total 2. Interdependent 1. Core Annex 5. Copyright Industry Contribution to Output, % 86 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania , full time units t i n u e m i t l l u f y, r t s u d n I t h g i r y p o C f o t n e m y o l p m E . 6 x e n n A 1. Core 1. CoreTotal Interdependent 2. 2. InterdependentTotal 3. Partial 3. PartialTotal 4.  4. Non-dedicatedSupportTotal Grand Total Support dedicated Non- Category 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2. 3. Press andLiterature Productions, Operas Music, Theatrical Motion PictureandVideo Radio andTelevision 5.Photography Software andDatabases Visual andGraphicArts Advertising Services Societies Copyright Collecting and othersimilarequipment TV Sets,Radios,VCRs,[…] Computers andEquipment Musical Instruments Photocopiers Cinematographic Instruments Photographic and Blank RecordingMaterial Paper Footwear Apparel, Textiles and Jewellery andCoins Other Crafts Furniture Glass Household Goods,Chinaand Wall CoveringsandCarpets Toys andGames Surveying Architecture, Engineering, Interior Design 1Museums Retailing General Wholesaleand General Transportation Telephony andInternet Subcategory 13,494 34,502 53,185 2,286 5,942 5,897 2,708 2,744 4,458 1,440 2,068 8,183 2,354 4,164 3,541 8,145 2001 923 454 143 271 110 245 645 884 441 55 38 36 43 72 76 0 4 4 13,200 34,455 52,941 2,311 5,451 5,426 3,209 3,337 4,680 1,498 1,565 8,007 2,507 4,018 3,585 7,971 2002 949 494 185 282 137 329 769 803 368 78 39 40 41 62 74 0 4 6 13,058 33,468 53,116 2,447 4,303 4,511 3,728 3,981 5,131 1,604 1,955 8,963 2,677 4,049 3,639 8,008 2003 896 495 181 277 141 371 871 809 320 48 47 43 41 76 82 2 5 4 12,721 31,533 51,461 2,391 2,637 3,617 4,517 4,467 5,717 1,805 1,932 9,671 2,597 3,962 3,441 7,661 2004 700 431 118 259 117 357 962 704 258 52 46 50 42 76 72 4 5 4 12,561 31,976 50,461 2,799 2,808 3,538 4,484 4,590 4,018 1,854 1,949 8,045 1,066 2,701 4,011 3,453 7,739 2005 749 393 134 238 142 358 714 275 55 51 37 48 57 71 2 2 4 12,743 33,257 53,243 3,043 2,661 3,502 5,412 4,770 4,166 2,197 2,083 8,675 1,177 2,940 4,308 3,764 8,370 2006 628 444 130 241 154 401 768 298 56 58 37 48 66 79 4 2 4 13,241 34,594 55,581 3,309 2,704 3,345 5,754 5,091 4,180 2,526 2,070 9,057 1,182 3,087 4,478 4,046 8,843 2007 597 498 136 226 177 402 887 319 54 58 55 33 47 67 92 2 5 13,417 35,402 57,354 3,046 2,899 3,363 6,477 5,073 4,241 2,692 2,091 9,334 1,186 3,067 4,827 4,411 9,552 2008 543 526 135 209 154 390 941 314 58 52 58 64 40 55 86 2 5 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania87 1.15 0.26 0.25 0.29 0.05 0.56 0.05 0.43 0.00 3.03 0.36 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.18 0.80 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.26 0.41 0.38 0.03 0.82 4.92 2008 1.14 0.28 0.23 0.29 0.05 0.49 0.04 0.44 0.00 2.97 0.36 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.78 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.27 0.38 0.35 0.03 0.76 4.78 2007 1.14 0.27 0.24 0.31 0.06 0.48 0.04 0.43 0.00 2.97 0.37 0.20 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.77 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.26 0.38 0.34 0.03 0.75 4.75 2006 1.16 0.26 0.26 0.33 0.07 0.42 0.04 0.43 0.01 2.96 0.37 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.75 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.25 0.37 0.32 0.03 0.72 4.68 2005 1.22 0.23 0.25 0.35 0.07 0.43 0.04 0.43 0.00 3.01 0.55 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.92 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.25 0.38 0.33 0.02 0.73 4.92 2004 1.25 0.23 0.41 0.43 0.09 0.36 0.05 0.38 0.00 3.21 0.49 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.19 0.86 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.26 0.39 0.35 0.03 0.77 5.10 2003 1.29 0.23 0.53 0.53 0.09 0.31 0.05 0.33 0.01 3.36 0.46 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.15 0.78 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.24 0.39 0.35 0.04 0.78 5.17 2002 1.34 0.23 0.59 0.59 0.09 0.27 0.05 0.27 0.01 3.43 0.44 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.21 0.81 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.23 0.41 0.35 0.04 0.81 5.29 2001 Subcategory Press and Literature Music, Theatrical Productions, Music, Theatrical Productions, Operas Motion Picture and Video Radio and Television 5.Photography Software and Databases Graphic Arts and Visual Advertising Services Copyright Collecting Societies TV Sets, Radios, VCRs, […] and other similar equipment Computers and Equipment Musical Instruments Photocopiers Photographic and Cinematographic Instruments Blank Recording Material Paper Apparel, Textiles and Footwear Apparel, Textiles Jewellery and Coins Other Crafts Furniture Household Goods, China and Glass Coverings and Carpets Wall and Games Toys Architecture, Engineering, Surveying Interior Design 1Museums General Wholesale and Retailing General Transportation and Internet Telephony 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2. 3. Category Non-dedicated Support 1. Core 1. Core Total 2. Interdependent 2. Interdependent Total 3. Partial 3. Partial Total 4.  4. Non-dedicated Support Total Grand Total Annex 7. Copyright Industry Contribution to Employment, % 88 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania , L n o i l l i m L LT y, r t s u d n I t h g i r y p o C e r o C f o s e c i v r e S f o s t r o p x E . 8 x e n n A B b.7 b.7.1 b.7.2 b.7.2.1 b.7.2.2 b.8 b.8.1 b.8.2 b.10 b.10.1 b.10.2 Code Services Computer andinformationservices Computer services Information services News agenciesservices Other informationservices Royalties andlicencefees Franchises andsimilarservices Other paymentsforcopyrightsandlicences Personal, culturalandrecreationalservices Audiovisual andrelatedservices Other personal,culturalandrecreationalservices Description Factor 0.5 0.5

1

1 1

1 1 113.1 2004 85.6 83.3 26.4 15.1 11.3 2.2 1.7 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.6 109.9 2005 78.3 75.0 28.9 20.8 3.3 1.7 1.6 2.7 0.6 2.1 8.1 2006 94.2 50.4 46.8 42.8 20.3 22.6 3.6 1.3 2.3 1.0 0.0 1.0 101.1 2007 59.8 58.2 41.2 12.2 29.0 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.2 142.8 2008 97.9 95.3 43.8 35.3 2.7 0.8 1.9 1.1 0.0 1.1 8.5 138.0 2009 98.4 96.6 39.1 34.5 1.8 0.3 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 4.6 144.5 100.8 2010 96.3 42.5 41.1 4.5 0.6 3.9 1.2 0.0 1.2 1.4 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania89 5.13 24.6 1.83 2010 13.83 12.46 26.29 26.43 71.69 98.12 40.225 45.355 169.765 9.91 28.5 7.76 8.62 0.99 9.61 2009 14.36 24.27 36.26 83.25 92.86 153.39 5.89 6.63 0.82 2008 14.44 20.33 24.75 25.57 66.59 92.16 33.765 40.395 152.885 5.23 0.21 5.44 6.07 13.8 0.94 2007 14.74 52.67 67.41 21.105 27.175 100.025 5.77 0.79 6.56 5.85 9.35 2.01 2006 11.36 51.18 62.54 27.595 33.445 102.545 4.6 2.08 6.68 1.69 2005 25.47 3.305 23.83 25.52 38.16 63.68 28.775 99.135 2.9 1.12 4.02 3.31 1.82 2004 21.68 24.99 10.51 12.33 43.43 84.77 55.76 1 1

1 1

1

0.5 0.5 Factor Description Other personal, cultural and recreational services Audiovisual and related services Other payments for copyrights and licences Personal, cultural and recreational services Franchises and similar services Royalties and licence fees Other information services News agencies services Information services Computer services Services services Computer and information Code b.10.2 b.10.1 b.8.2 b.10 b.8.1 b.8 b.7.2.2 b.7.2.1 b.7.2 b.7.1 B b.7 Annex 9. Imports of Services of Core Copyright Industry, LTL million 90 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania % , s e c i v r e S f o s t r o p x E o t n o i t u b i r t n o C y r t s u d n I t h g i r y p o C . 0 1 x e n n A B b.7 b.7.1 b.7.2 b.7.2.1 b.7.2.2 b.8 b.8.1 b.8.2 b.10 b.10.1 b.10.2 Code Services Computer andinformationservices Computer services Information services News agenciesservices Other informationservices Royalties andlicencefees Franchises andsimilarservices Other paymentsforcopyrightsandlicences Personal, culturalandrecreationalservices Audiovisual andrelatedservices Other personal,culturalandrecreationalservices Description Factor 0.5 0.5

1

1 1

1 1 2004 1.66 1.26 1.23 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.39 0.22 0.17 2005 1.27 0.91 0.87 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.33 0.09 0.24 2006 0.95 0.51 0.47 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.43 0.20 0.23 2007 1.00 0.59 0.57 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.12 0.29 2008 1.28 0.88 0.85 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.39 0.08 0.32 2009 1.50 1.07 1.05 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.05 0.38 2010 1.34 0.94 0.90 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.40 0.01 0.38 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania91 0.19 0.17 0.36 0.54 0.07 0.61 0.33 0.02 0.36 0.97 1.33 2.30 2010 0.19 0.13 0.33 0.39 0.11 0.49 0.12 0.01 0.13 1.13 1.26 2.08 2009 0.15 0.06 0.21 0.34 0.07 0.41 0.25 0.01 0.26 0.68 0.94 1.56 2008 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.25 0.07 0.32 0.16 0.01 0.17 0.62 0.79 1.17 2007 0.08 0.01 0.09 0.40 0.08 0.48 0.13 0.03 0.16 0.73 0.90 1.47 2006 0.08 0.04 0.12 0.45 0.06 0.50 0.42 0.03 0.45 0.67 1.11 1.73 2005 0.06 0.02 0.09 0.48 0.07 0.55 0.23 0.04 0.27 0.96 1.23 1.87 2004 1 1

1 1

1

0.5 0.5 Factor Description Other personal, cultural and recreational services Audiovisual and related services Personal, cultural and recreational services Other payments for copyrights and licences Franchises and similar services Royalties and licence fees Other information services News agencies services Information services Computer services Computer and information services Computer and information Services Code b.10.2 b.10.1 b.10 b.8.2 b.8.1 b.8 b.7.2.2 b.7.2.1 b.7.2 b.7.1 b.7 B Annex 11. Copyright Industry Contribution to Imports of Services, % 92 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania g n i d n o p s e r r o C h t i w t s i L 1 . y 1 t i E v C i A t N c A , s t r h o g t i c r a y F p o d C n a e t s e e l t p u m b o i C r t . t 2 A 1 x e n n A

1. Core Category 9. CopyrightCollectingSocieties 8. AdvertisingServices

7. Visual andGraphicArts

6. SoftwareandDatabases 5. Photography 4. RadioandTelevision

3. MotionPictureandVideo

2. Music,TheatricalProductions,Operas

1. PressandLiterature Subcategory 74.87 74.40 92.52 92.31 74.87 72.60 72.40 72.30 72.22 72.21 22.33 74.81 92.20 92.31 92.13 92.12 92.11 74.87 51.43 22.32 92.34 92.32 92.31 74.87 52.45 51.43 22.31 22.14 92.51 92.40 92.31 74.87 52.50 52.47 22.25 22.24 22.23 22.22 22.21 22.15 22.13 22.12 22.11 Code Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Contribution Type Shared Single Shared Shared Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Shared Single Single Single Shared Shared Single Single Single Shared Shared Shared Shared Single Single Single Single Shared Shared Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Attribution 0.03-0.038 0.039- 0.021- 0.051 0.031 0.108 0.135 0.006 0.224 0.056 0.029 0.006 0.205 0.051 coef. Split 0.54 0.8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Factor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania93 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 Factor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.05 Split coef. 0.338 0.309 0.351 0.019 0.599 0.426 0.301- 0.011- Attribution Single Shared Shared Single Single Shared Single Single Shared Shared Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Shared Shared Single Single Single Type Contribution Contribution Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Code 32.30 51.43 52.45 30.02 51.84 51.85 71.33 36.30 52.45 30.01 51.85 33.40 24.64 24.65 21.11 21.12 24.30 29.55 51.56 17.60 17.71 17.72 18.10 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 19.30 29.54 51.42 52.41 52.42 52.43 36.21 36.22 36.61 36.63 36.11 36.12 36.13 36.14 36.15 51.85 52.44 20.51 20.52 26.12 Subcategory 1. TV Sets, Radios, VCRs, […] and other 1. TV Sets, Radios, VCRs, similar equipment

2. Computers and Equipment

3. Musical Instruments

4. Photocopiers

5. Photographic and Cinematographic Instruments 6. Blank Recording Material

7. Paper

1. Apparel, Textiles and Footwear 1. Apparel, Textiles

2. Jewellery and Coins

3. Other Crafts 4. Furniture

5. Household Goods, China and Glass

Category 2. Interdependent

3. Partial

94 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania

Support 4. Non-dedicated

Category

1. GeneralWholesaleandRetailing 10. Museums 9. InteriorDesign 8. Architecture,Engineering,Surveying 7. Toys andGames

6. Wall CoveringsandCarpets

Subcategory 52.62 52.61 52.50 52.48 52.45 52.12 52.11 51.90 51.88 51.87 51.86 51.85 51.83 51.82 51.81 51.47 51.46 51.45 51.44 51.43 51.41 51.19 51.18 51.17 51.16 51.15 51.14 51.13 51.12 51.11 92.52 52.50 74.87 74.20 36.50 21.25 21.24 17.51 52.44 31.50 28.75 26.26 26.25 26.24 26.23 26.22 26.21 26.15 26.14 26.13 Code Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Contribution Type Single Single Shared Single Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Shared Shared Shared Single Single Single Single Single Shared Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Attribution 0.92-0.928 0.65-0.658 0.05-0.058 0.574 coef. Split 0.65 0.07 0.2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.043-0.080 0.043-0.079 0.043-0.078 0.043-0.077 0.043-0.076 0.043-0.075 0.043-0.074 0.043-0.073 0.043-0.072 0.043-0.071 0.043-0.070 0.043-0.069 0.043-0.068 0.043-0.067 0.043-0.066 0.043-0.065 0.043-0.064 0.043-0.063 0.043-0.062 0.043-0.061 0.043-0.060 0.043-0.059 0.043-0.058 0.043-0.057 0.043-0.056 0.043-0.055 0.043-0.054 0.043-0.053 0.043-0.052 0.043-0.051 Factor 0.053 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.4 The Economic Contribution of

Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania95 Factor 0.043-0.081 0.043-0.082 0.043-0.083 0.043-0.084 0.043-0.085 0.043-0.086 0.043-0.087 0.043-0.088 0.043-0.089 0.043-0.090 0.043-0.091 0.043-0.092 0.043-0.093 0.043-0.094 0.043-0.095 0.043-0.096 0.043-0.097 0.043-0.098 0.043-0.099 0.043-0.100 0.043-0.101 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Split coef. Attribution Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Type Contribution Contribution Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Induced Code 52.63 71.40 60.10 60.21 60.22 60.23 60.24 61.10 61.20 62.10 62.20 63.11 63.12 63.21 63.22 63.23 63.30 63.40 64.11 64.12 64.20 Subcategory

2. General Transportation

3. Telephony and Internet 3. Telephony Category

96 The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania

The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Lithuania

Creative Industries Series No. 7 For more information contact WIPO at www.wipo.int World Intellectual Property Organization 34, chemin des Colombettes P.O. Box 18 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland

Telephone: +41 22 338 91 11 Fax: +41 22 733 54 28

Front cover photos courtesy of photos-public-domain.com (sheet music, bookshop and mandolin), http://www.copyright-free-images.com (radio tower and receiver) August 2013 and http://www.freedigitalphotos.net (beading)