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Baez, S. & Balslev, H. 2007. Edge effects on Caruso, A., Rudolphi, J., & Thor, G. 2008. palm diversity in rain forest fragments in Lichen species diversity and substrate western Ecuador. Biodivers. Conserv., amounts in young planted boreal forests: a 16(7): 2201–2211. comparison between slash and stumps of Picea abies. Biol. Conserv., 141(1): 47–55. Barlow, J., Overal, W.L., Araujo, I.S., Gardner, T.A. & Peres, C.A. 2007. The Colfer, C.J. Pierce. 2008. Human health and value of primary, secondary and forests. A global overview of issues, plantation forests for -feeding practice and policy. People and Plants butterflies in the Brazilian Amazon. International Conservation. Earthscan. J. Appl. Ecol., 44(5): 1001–1012. Croitoru, L. 2007. Valuing the non-timber Boreal Centre for Conservation forest products in the Mediterranean Enterprise. 2007. Boreal forest bounty: region. Ecological Econ., 63(4): 768–775. a botanical species resource guide for conservation enterprise development. Davidar, P., Arjunan, M., Mammen, P.C., Adams, W.M. & Hutton, J. 2007. People, Victoria, Canada, Trafford Publishing. Garrigues, J.P., Puyravaud, I.P. & parks and poverty: political ecology and ISBN 978-1-4251-1426-8. Roessingh, K. 2007. Forest degradation biodiversity conservation. Conservation in the Western Ghats biodiversity and Society, 5(2): 147–183. hotspot: resource collection, livelihood concerns and sustainability. Curr. Sci., Alessandrello, M., González, J. M. y de la 93(11): 1573–1578. Escuela Nacional de Agricultura. 2007. 2005. El bálsamo de El Salvador: Dawson, I.K., Guarino, L. & Jaenicke, H. tradición y alternativa sostenible. San 2007. Underutilized plant species: Salvador, El Salvador, Fundación Privada impacts of promotion on biodiversity. Intervida. 212 pág. (Please see page 43 Position Paper 2. Colombo, Sri Lanka, for more information.) International Centre for Underutilised Crops. Andel, T.R. van. 2007. Paramaribo’s herbal market. Flora of the Guianas newsletter, Dehnen-Schmutz, K., Touza, J., Perrings, 15: 73–76. C. & Williamson, M. 2007. A century of the ornamental plant trade and its Andel, T.R. van, Behari-Ramdas, J., impact on invasion success. Divers. Havinga, R.M. & Groenendijk, S. 2007. Distrib., 13(5): 527–534. The medicinal plant trade in Suriname. This publication is an attempt to highlight Ethnobotanical Research and some common forest botanicals found in de Oliveira, R.L.C., Lins Neto, E.M.F., Applications, 5: 351–373. Canada’s western boreal forests that have Araújo, E.L. & Albuquerque, U.P. 2007. either established or emerging commercial Conservation priorities and population Andel, T.R. van, de Korte, S., Koopmans, value. structure of woody medicinal plants in D., Behari-Ramdas, J. & Ruysschaert, (Please see page 18 for more information.) an area of Caatinga vegetation S. 2008. Dry sex in Suriname. (Pernambuco state, NE Brazil). Environ. J. Ethnopharmacology, 116 (1): 84–88. Caillon, S. & Degeorges, P. 2007. Monit. Assess., 132(1-3): 189–206. Biodiversity: negotiating the border Andel, T.R. van & van’t Klooster, C.I.E.A. between nature and culture. Biodivers. Donovan, J., ed. 2007. Small and medium 2007. Medicinal plant use by Surinamese Conserv., 16(10): 2919–2931. enterprise development for poverty immigrants in Amsterdam, the reduction. Opportunities and challenges Netherlands: results of a pilot market Cardillo, M. 2006. Disappearing forests and in globalizing markets/Desarrollo de survey. In A. Pieroni & I. Vandebroek, biodiversity loss: which areas should we pequeñas y medianas empresas eds. Travelling cultures and plants. The protect? Int. For. Rev., 8(2): 251–255. forestales para la reducción de la ethnobiology and ethnopharmacy of pobreza. Oportunidades y desafíos en human migrations. Studies in Cardon, D. 2008. Natural dyes: sources, mercados globalizantes. Conference Environmental Anthropology and tradition, technology and science. Bois Proceedings/Memorias de conferencia. Ethnobiology, 7, pp. 207–237. New York, et Forêts des Tropiques, 295. Technical Series. Technical Meetings no. Berghahn Publishers. 12/Serie técnica. Reuniones técnicas Carroll, N., Fox, J. & Bayon, R. 2007. no.12. Turrialba, Costa Rica, Tropical Asmüssen, M.V. & Simonetti, J.A. 2007. Conservation and biodiversity banking. Agricultural Research and Higher Can a developing country like Chile A guide to setting up and running Education Center (CATIE)/Centro invest in biodiversity conservation? biodiversity credit trading systems. Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Environ. Conserv., 34(3): 183–185. Earthscan. ISBN 9781844074716. Enseñanza (CATIE).

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Eilu, G., Oriekot, J. & Tushabe, H. 2007. Flamenco-Sandoval, A., Ramos, M.M. & Conservation of indigenous plants outside Masera, O.R. 2007. Assessing protected areas in Tororo District, eastern implications of land-use and land-cover Uganda. Afr. J. Ecol., 45: 73–78. change dynamics for conservation of a highly diverse tropical rain forest. Biol. Engler, M. & Parry-Jones, R. 2007. Conserv., 138(1-2): 131–145. Opportunity or threat. The role of the European Union in the global wildlife Frazier, J. 2007. Sustainable use of wildlife: trade. Brussels, Belgium, TRAFFIC the view from archaeozoology. Europe. J. Nature Conserv., 15(3): 163–173.

European Environment Agency. 2007. Froede, A. & Masara, C. 2007. Community- Halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010: based ecological monitoring. A manual proposal for a first set of indicators to for practitioners. Harare, Zimbabwe, monitor progress in Europe. Technical SAFIRE. (Please see pages 60, 61 for report 11. more information.) both a relief from illness and a source of income, over 70 000 plant species are FAO. 2007. Memorias del taller Fyhrquist, P. 2007. Traditional medicinal thought to be medicinal. Loss of habitat “Biodiversidad agrícola”. Proyecto uses and biological activities of some combined with overharvesting threatens FAO/FNPP sobre Bosques y biodiversidad plant extracts of African Combretum the survival of many of these plant species. agrícola para la seguridad alimentaria en Loefl., Terminalia L. and Pteleopsis Engl. Botanic gardens are important agencies América Central. Rome. Download at: species (Combretaceae). Helsinki for ensuring their conservation. www.fao.org/docrep/010/k0094s/ University Printing House. 183 pp. (Please see page 28 for more information.) k0094s00.htm (doctoral thesis) (Please see page 56 for more information.) Hecht, S.B. & Saatchi, S.S. 2007. FAO. 2007. The world's Globalization and forest resurgence: 1980–2005. FAO Forestry Paper 153. Gaoue, O.G. & Ticktin, T. 2007. Patterns of changes in forest cover in El Salvador. Rome. Download at: www.fao.org/ harvesting foliage and from the BioScience, 57(8): 663–672. docrep/010/a1427e/a1427e00.htm multipurpose tree Khaya senegalensis in Benin: variation across ecological regions Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L. & Dupuy, J.M. and its impacts on population structure. 2007. Mapping species density of trees, Biol. Conserv., 137(3): 424–436. shrubs and vines in a tropical forest, using field measurements, satellite Gebauer, J., El-Siddig, K., El-Tahir, B.A., multispectral imagery and spatial Salih, A.A., Ebert, G. & Hammer, K. 2007. interpolation. Biodivers. Conserv., Exploiting the potential of indigenous fruit 16(13): 3817–3833. trees: Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori in Sudan. Genetic resources and crop Hoare, A.L. 2007. The use of non-timber evolution, 54(8): 1701–1708. December. forest products in the Congo Basin: constraints and opportunities. The Glew, L. & Hudson, M.D. 2007. Gorillas in Rainforest Foundation. ISBN 978-1- the midst: the impact of armed conflict on 906131-03-6. the conservation of protected areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Oryx, 41(2):140–150. Inogwabini, B.I. 2007. Can biodiversity conservation be reconciled with (Please see page 17 for an extract from this Harvey, C.A. & Saénz, J.C., eds. 2008. development? Oryx, 41(2): 136–137. publication.) Evaluación y conservación de biodiversidad en paisajes fragmentados de Mesoamerica. IUCN-NL, WWF-NL, FoE-NL, eds. 2007. FAO. 2007. Climate change and food security: Heredia, Costa Rica, INBio. 620 pp. Good practices from the nature and a framework document. Summary. Rome, poverty programme. The World Interdepartmental Working Group on Hawkins, B. 2008. Plants for life. Medicinal Conservation Union National Committee Climate Change. plant conservation and botanic gardens. of the Netherlands, World Wide Fund for Richmond, United Kingdom, Botanic Nature, Friends of the Earth Farrera, M.A.P., Vovides, A.P., Iglesias, C., Gardens Conservation International. Netherlands. Amsterdam. Meléndez, N.M. & Camilo, R.M. 2007. BGCI has published the findings of a year- Endangered Chamaedorea species long investigation into the state of Kafle, G. & Karki, J.B. 2008. Flora and (Arecaceae) from southeastern Mexico, medicinal plants around the world. fauna of the Ghodaghodi Lake area (a with notes on conservation status, habitat Medicinal plants harvested from the wild pocket guide). Nepal, Institute of and distribution. Rhodora,109(938): remain of immense importance for the Forestry, Pokhara Campus and Wetland 187–196. well-being of millions of people. Providing Friends of Nepal.

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Kaimowitz, D. & Sheil, D. 2007. Conserving experience of community forestry in exploring the role and scope of non- what and for whom? Why conservation structuring appropriate benefit systems. timber forest products. Field experience should help meet basic human needs in The main focus of the discussion is on from Satchari National Park, Habiganj, the tropics. Biotropica, 39(5): 567–574. the REDD (reducing emissions from Bangladesh. Sylhet, Bangladesh, deforestation and ecosystem Shahjalal University of Science and Keith, M., Rehema, W. & Fischer, A. 2007. degradation) mechanism. Technology. xi + 95 pp. (B.Sc. dissertation) Conflicts between humans over wildlife management: on the diversity of MacGregor, J., Palmer, C. & Barnes, J. Mukul, S.A., Uddin, M.B. & Tito, M.R. 2007. stakeholder attitudes and implications 2007. Forest resources and rural Medicinal plant diversity and local for conflict management. Biodivers. livelihoods in the north-central regions healthcare among the people living in and Conserv., 16(11): 3129–3146. of Namibia. London, United Kingdom, around a conservation area of northern International Institute for Environment Bangladesh. International J. Forest Koh, L.P. 2007. Impacts of land use change and Development (IIED). Usufructs Management, 8(2). on Southeast Asian forest butterflies: a review. J. Appl. Ecol., 44(4): 703–713. Macqueen, D. 2008. Supporting small forest Mushita, A. & Thompson, C. 2008. Biopiracy enterprises: a cross-sectoral review of of biodiversity – global exchange as Kümpel, N.F. 2006. Incentives for best practice. London, United Kingdom, enclosure. New Jersey, United States, sustainable hunting of bushmeat in Río IIED. ISBN 978-1-84369-684-1. Africa World Press. Muni, Equatorial Guinea. United Kingdom, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Martín-López, B., Montes, C. & Benayas, J. Nasi, R., Brown, D., Wilkie, D., Bennett, E., Society of London and Imperial College 2007. The non-economic motives behind Tutin, C., van Tol, G. & Christophersen, T. London, University of London. the willingness to pay for biodiversity 2008. Conservation and use of wildlife- conservation. Biol. Conserv., 139(1–2): based resources: the bushmeat crisis. Laurance, W.F. 2007. Forest destruction in 67–82. Technical Series 33. Montreal, Secretariat tropical Asia. Curr. Sci., 93(11): of the Convention on Biological Diversity 1544–1550. Mathew, P.J. & Thomas, M.T. 2007. and Bogor, Center for International Medicinal plant resource of Kerala. Forestry Research (CIFOR). Lenaerts, M. & Spadafora, A.M., eds. Towards harnassing its potential. Part 1 Pueblos indígenas, plantas y mercados. – Introduction. Kerala, India, Tropical Nautiyal, S. & Kaechele, H. 2007. Conserving Amazonía y . V Congreso Botanic Garden and Research Institute. the Himalayan forests: approaches and CEISAL de Latinoamericanistas, ISBN 81-900397-7-6. implications of different conservation Bruselas 2007/Abril 11–14. Zeta Series in regimes. Biodivers. Conserv., 16(13): Anthropology and Sociology, 3. ISBN 978- 3737–3754. 973-88632-7-9. (Languages: Spanish, Portuguese and English.) Ohl-Schacherer, J., Shepard, G.H., Kaplan, H., Peres, C.A., Levi, T. & Yu, D.W. 2007. Luckert, M.K., Campbell, B.M., Gorman, The sustainability of subsistence hunting J.T. & Garnett, S.T. 2007. Investing in by Matsigenka native communities in indigenous natural resource Manu National Park, Peru. Conserv., Biol., management. Australia, Charles Darwin 21(5): 1174–1185. University (CDU) Press. Paterson, P. 2008. The tropical Luttrell, C., Schreckenberg, K. & Peskett, agriculturalist – beekeeping. Macmillan L. 2007. The implications of carbon Publishers, the Technical Centre for financing for pro-poor community Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) forestry. ODI Forestry Briefing 14. United and the International Bee Research Kingdom, Overseas Development McShea, W.J., Healy, W.M., Devers, P., Association. Institute. Fearer, T., Koch, F.H., Stauffer, D. & The emergence of new financing Waldon, J. 2007. Forestry matters: Peck, J.E. & Muir, P.S. 2007. Conservation mechanisms associated with the rise of decline of will impact wildlife in management of the mixed species carbon markets brings potential for hardwood forests. J. Wildlife nontimber forest product of "moss" – are increased investment in forestry. This Management, 71(5): 1717–1728. July. they harvesting what we think they're paper explores the implications of these harvesting? Biodivers. Conserv., 16(7): mechanisms for community forestry and Midgley, A.C. 2007. The social negotiation of 2031–2043. suggests ways in which such finance may nature conservation policy: conserving contribute to the pro-poor outcomes of pinewoods in the Scottish Highlands. Perez, M., García, M., Blustein, G. & Stupak, community forestry. The paper also Biodivers. Conserv., 16(12): 3317–3332. M. 2007. and tannate from the provides an opportunity for those quebracho tree: an eco-friendly working on the design of carbon Mukul, S.A. 2007. Bridging livelihoods and alternative for controlling marine financing mechanisms to draw on the forest conservation in protected areas: biofouling. Biofouling, 23(3/4): 151–159.

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Rawat, D.S. & Rana, C.S. 2007. Arenaria protection of hotspot dry forest in southern WHO. 2007. WHO guidelines for assessing curvifolia majumdar (Caryophyllaceae): Madagascar. Ambio, 36(8): 683–691. quality of herbal medicines with reference an endangered, and endemic Himalayan to contaminants and residues. Geneva, herb rediscovered. Curr. Sci., Tewari, D.D. 2008. Management of Switzerland, World Health Organization. 92(11):1486–1488. nontimber forest product resources of ISBN 978 92 4 159444 8. India: an analysis of forest development Ribeiro do Valle, D., Staudhammer, C.L. & corporations. Lucknow, International Wilson, K.A., Underwood, E.C., Morrison, Cropper, W.P. 2007. Simulating nontimber Book Distributing Co. 52 pp. ISBN 81- S.A., Klausmeyer, K.R., Murdoch, W.W., forest product management in tropical 8189-223-2. Reyers, B., Wardell-Johnson, G., mixed forests. J. 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Cross-sectoral toolkit for the NEW PUBLICATIONS FROM conservation and sustainable FAO’S NON-WOOD FOREST Sekhsaria, P. 2007. Conservation in India management of forest biodiversity. PRODUCTS PROGRAMME and the need to think beyond “tiger vs Technical Series 39. Montreal, Canada, tribal”. Biotropica, 39(5): 575–577. Secretariat of the Convention on NWFP Working Documents Biological Diversity. 53 pp. The role of CITES in controlling the Semwal, D.P., Saradhi, P.P., Nautiyal, B.P. international trade in forest products: & Bhatt, A.B. 2007. Current status, Uddin, M.B. & Mukul, S.A. 2007. Improving implications for sustainable forest distribution and conservation of rare and forest dependent livelihoods through management, by Teresa Mulliken. Working endangered medicinal plants of NTFPs and home gardens: a case study Document No. 7, TRAFFIC International. Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Central from Satchari National Park. In J. Fox, B. Forests and forest products are Himalayas, India. Curr. 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Intensive fruit markets in Sylhet district, improvements in the global transport hunting of large flying foxes Pteropus Bangladesh. International J. Forest infrastructure, combined with human vampyrus natunae in Central Usufructs Management, 8(2). migration have served to increase the use Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. and availability of forest products around Oryx, 41(3): 390–393. Wadt, L.H.O., Kainer, K.A., Staudhammer, the world. However, this use is not without C.L. & Serrano, R.O.P. 2008. Sustainable a cost – the populations of many wild Tengo, M., Johansson, K., Rakotondrasoa, F., forest use of Brazilian extractive reserves: species have declined as a result of harvest Lundberg, J., Andriamaherilala, J.A., natural regeneratioon of Brazil nuts in for international trade, some to the point Rakotoarisoa, J.A. & Elmqvist, T. 2007. exploited populations. Biol. Conserv., that entire species are threatened with Taboos and forest governance: informal 141(1): 332–346. extinction.

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In order to address international trade used to lead them through the issues of Alternatively, a hard copy is available from: threats to wild species, governments have gender and local knowledge, which are Laura Russo, Forestry Officer, established the Convention on International important elements for agrobiodiversity Forest Assessment and Reporting Service, Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna management and food security. Forestry Department, FAO, Viale delle and Flora (CITES). CITES entered into force in Agrobiodiversity and food security are Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome. 1975, and has over 160 member complex issues that need careful E-mail: [email protected] governments (Parties). This report explores consideration. The myth that technologies the role and impact of CITES on the trade in taught to farmers will ease their poverty and FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE VISIT: forest products and sustainable forest hunger because the expertise or seeds http://www.naturalinquirer.usda.gov/ management throughout its 30-year history, provided are modern or new, persists in http://www.fao.org/kids/en/forestry.html with an emphasis on plant, and specifically many contexts. This leads to positive results www.fao.org/forestry/site/fra timber, species. not materializing and rural farmers being An electronic version of this document is faced with failed crops, or it is found that the Le Koko ou Mfumbu (Gnétacées) Une plante available from our NWFP home page technology applied is not appropriate to the alimentaire d'Afrique centrale (www.fao.org/forestry/40716/en/). A hard particular situation. Chevalier (1951) fait remarquer qu'en 1950, copy will shortly be available free of charge There have been successes, this is true; son attention fut attirée par un produit from FAO’s NWFP Programme at the however, a careful reading of the case végétal vendu toute l'année sur les marchés address on the first page or by sending an e- studies contained in the manual will prompt de Bangui et connu des peuplades de la mail to: [email protected] readers to pause and reflect. In some cases, sous-région d'Afrique centrale sous le nom the fine balance between wild foods and de «Koko» ou «Mfumbu». Au Nigéria, il est Pipeline publications cultivated local varieties offers better appelé «Okasi» et a été décrit par les • A new title – Bees and their role in forest solutions for local contexts and the botanistes qui l'ont classé dans le genre livelihoods. A guide to the services introduction of new technologies may disturb Gnetumt dans la famille des Gnétacées qui provided by bees and the sustainable the equilibrium. comprend une trentaine d'espèces harvesting, processing and marketing of The manual is available online at: localisées dans les forêts tropicales their products – will shortly be added to www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe1/pe1_060302_en.htm d'Afrique, d'Amérique et d'Asie. our NWFP series. Extracts from this Les deux espèces africaines (Gnetum publication, which has been authored by FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: africanum et Gnetum buchholzianum) sont Nicola Bradbear, are included in the Regina Laub, Gender and Natural Resources de petites lianes de sous-bois à feuilles Special Features of this issue (please Management Officer, FAO, Viale delle Terme comestibles. Elles constituent une source see pages 5, 6 and 7). di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. très appréciable de protéines et de sels • Another new title planned for our NWFP E-mail: [email protected] minéraux et sont commercialisées par les series is Fruit trees and useful plants in femmes durant toute l'année sur les the lives of Amazonians. It is scheduled Microfinance and forest-based small-scale marchés d'Afrique centrale. Elles font to be published later this year and will be enterprises également l'objet d'échanges a beautifully illustrated joint publication Microfinance and forest-based small-scale transfrontaliers en Afrique et sont exportées by FAO and the Center for International enterprises (FAO Forestry Paper 146) is now dans les pays européens. Les spécialités à Forestry Research (CIFOR). available online in English, French, Spanish base des feuilles de «Koko» jouent un rôle and Arabic from the FAO Forestry qui va au-delà de leur utilisation alimentaire. Department Web site at the following Les populations d'Afrique centrale OTHER RECENT PUBLICATIONS addresses: expriment leur identité culturelle à travers la www.fao.org/docrep/008/a0226e/a0226e00.htm consommation de ces plats. Building on www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0226f/a0226f00.htm Cet ouvrage donne des renseignements gender, www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0226s/a0226s00.htm précieux sur la biologie de la plante, les agrobiodiversity www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0226a/a0226a00.htm possibilités de sa domestication, son intérêt and local alimentaire, et la commercialisation de ses knowledge. A Natural Inquirer feuilles en Afrique et en Europe. training manual The Natural Inquirer is an integrated science Mialoundama, Fidèle. 2007. Le Koko ou This training education journal for students aged from 11 Mfumbu (Gnétacées). Une plante alimentaire manual is a to 14. A recent issue (Vol. XI/No. 1) focused d'Afrique centrale. Paris, L'Harmattan. p publication by on the world’s forests and was prepared in the Gender, collaboration with the FAO Forestry biodiversity and local knowledge systems Department. It presents the results of FAO’s for food security (LinKS) project (see also worldwide effort to understand the world’s Non-Wood News, 8). It is based on forests – the Global Forest Resources There are perhaps no days of our experiences collected in numerous training Assessment 2005, which contains childhood we lived so fully as those workshops carried out under the FAO- information from 229 countries and we spent with a favourite book. LinKS project in eastern and southern territories around the world. Marcel Proust Africa. The manual constitutes a The journal can be downloaded from: conceptual guide for trainers that can be www.fao.org/forestry/site/fra/en

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