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Percorso E Memorandum Per I Viaggiatori Della 5°A Liceo Scientifico “P.Gobetti” - Torino

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Percorso E Memorandum Per I Viaggiatori Della 5°A Liceo Scientifico “P.Gobetti” - Torino 1 Marocco Percorso e memorandum per i viaggiatori della 5°A Liceo Scientifico “P.Gobetti” - Torino Via Bligny, 11 – 10122 Torino – Italia – Tel. +39.011.06.75.836 Fax +39.011.43.63.735 e-mail: [email protected] sito internet: www.ilnostropianeta.it 2 Sommario Marocco ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Italia ........................................................................................................................................... 3 In-depth examination of Morocco............................................................................................ 4 Société et culture ...................................................................................................................... 6 CASABLANCA .......................................................................................................................... 8 RABAT ..................................................................................................................................... 12 VOLUBILIS .............................................................................................................................. 14 MEKNES ................................................................................................................................. 17 ISLAM ...................................................................................................................................... 22 Alcune note introduttive...................................................................................................... 22 Muhammad, il Corano, la Sunna....................................................................................... 23 La Legge religiosa .............................................................................................................. 24 Il culto ................................................................................................................................... 24 La fede ................................................................................................................................. 25 La comunità islamica .......................................................................................................... 26 Detti e proverbi ....................................................................................................................... 27 Letteratura (Mirella Cassarino) .............................................................................................. 28 La musica arabo-musulmana (Salvo Barbagallo) ............................................................... 29 Cibi e bevande marocchine ................................................................................................... 32 Parliamo in marocchino ......................................................................................................... 33 Indirizzi Utili ............................................................................................................................. 33 Lo zaino del viaggiatore ......................................................................................................... 34 Consigli utili ............................................................................................................................. 35 PROGRAMMA VIAGGIO MAROCCO 7/11 – 14/11 2009 ................................................. 36 3 Marocco Italia CAPITALE: Rabat CAPITALE: Roma SUPERFICIE: 446.550 kmq SUPERFICIE: 301.340 kmq LUNGHEZZA DI COSTA: 1.835 km LUNGHEZZA DI COSTA:7.600 km ABITANTI: 34.859.364 ABITANTI: 58.126.212 DENSITA’ DI POPOLAZIONE: 60 ab./Kmq DENSITA’ DI POPOLAZIONE: 199 ab./Kmq DISTRIBUZIONE DELL’ETÀ: DISTRIBUZIONE DELL’ETÀ 0-14 anni: 30%; 15-64 anni: 64.7%; oltre i 65: 0-14 anni: 13.5%; 15-64 anni:66.3%; oltre i 5.2% 65: 20.2% PERCENTUALE DI NASCITE: 20.69 nascite su PERCENTUALE DI NASCITE: 8.18 nascite su 1000 1000 MORTALITA’ INFANTILE: 36.88 morti su 1000 MORTALITA’ INFANTILE: 5.51 morti su 1000 abitanti abitanti ASPETTATIVA DI VITA: 71.8 anni ASPETTATIVA DI VITA: 80.2 anni PERCENTUALE DI FERTILITÀ: 2.51 PERCENTUALE DI FERTILITÀ: 1.31 bambini/donna bambini/donna RELIGIONE: musulmana (99%), ebraica ed RELIGIONE: cattolica (90%), cristiana altre (1%) protestante, ebraica, musulmana (10%) FUSO ORARIO: L'ora del Marocco è quella del FUSO ORARIO: UTC/GMT +1 ora. meridiano di Greenwich ovvero un'ora indietro rispetto all'Italia. LINGUA: La lingua ufficiale è l'arabo. Assai LINGUA: La lingua ufficiale è l’italiano. Il diffuso il francese parlato negli uffici pubblici, tedesco viene parlato prevalentemente in alberghi, ristoranti banche e grandi negozi; Trentino Alto Adige mentre alcune comunità conosciuto e parlato lo spagnolo ma spesso vi valdostane parlano francese; lo sloveno, invece, farete capire anche parlando in italiano. viene parlato da alcune minoranze nell’area Trieste-Gorizia 4 COSTITUZIONE: Il Marocco è una monarchia COSTITUZIONE: L'Italia è un esempio di costituzionale. La nuova Costituzione del 1972 repubblica parlamentare. Il Parlamento italiano ha istituito un governo unicamerale. Mohammed è diviso in Camera dei deputati e Senato della VI è il 18° monarca della dinastia alaouita che Repubblica e viene eletto ogni cinque anni dai occupa il trono del Marocco dalla metà del sec. cittadini. Esso detiene il potere di nomina del XVII, e il 36° discendente diretto del profeta Presidente della Repubblica e di concessione o Maometto. In quanto tale il re è anche il capo revoca della fiducia al Governo. religioso del Paese. Il Presidente della Repubblica viene eletto ogni sette anni dal Parlamento Il Governo è composto dal Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri e dai vari ministri. MONETA: L'unità monetaria del Marocco è il MONETA: L'euro (EUR o €) è la valuta comune dirham (1 euro = 11,5 DH) ufficiale dell'Unione europea (nel suo insieme) e quella unica per sedici stati membri che attualmente aderiscono all'UEM (Unione economica e monetaria), ovvero Austria, Belgio, Cipro, Finlandia, Francia, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Italia, Lussemburgo, Malta, Paesi Bassi, Portogallo, Slovacchia, Slovenia e Spagna. (1 dirham = 0.09 Euro) PARITÀ DEL POTERE D’ACQUISTO (PPP): PARITÀ DEL POTERE D’ACQUISTO: 1823 136,6 Miliardi $ Miliardi $ PERCENTUALE DI CRESCITA REALE: 5,4% PERCENTUALE DI CRESCITA REALE: -1% PPP PRO CAPITE: 4000 $ PPP PRO CAPITE: 31.300 $ DEBITO ESTERO: 21,22 miliardi $ (dicembre DEBITO ESTERO: 2328 miliardi $ (dicembre 2008) 2008) In-depth examination of Morocco In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, successive Moorish dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad AL- MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Morocco virtually annexed Western Sahara during the late 1970s, but final resolution on the status of the territory remains unresolved. Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature, which first met in 1997. The country has made improvements in human rights under King MOHAMMED VI and its press is moderately free. Despite the continuing reforms, ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. Country name: conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco conventional short form: Morocco local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah local short form: Al Maghrib Government type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Rabat geographic coordinates: 34 01 N, 6 49 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) 5 Administrative divisions: 15 regions; Grand Casablanca, Chaouia-Ouardigha, Doukkala-Abda, Fes- Boulemane, Gharb-Chrarda-Beni Hssen, Guelmim-Es Smara, Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz, Meknes-Tafilalet, Oriental, Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer, Souss-Massa-Draa, Tadla-Azilal, Tanger-Tetouan, Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate note: Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara, the political status of which is considered undetermined by the US Government; portions of the regions Guelmim-Es Smara and Laayoune- Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra as claimed by Morocco lie within Western Sahara; Morocco also claims Oued Eddahab-Lagouira, another region which falls entirely within Western Sahara Independence: 2 March 1956 (from France) National holiday: Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999) Constitution: 10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended September 1996 Note: the amendment of September 1996 was to create a bicameral legislature Legal system: based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law systems; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal (as of January 2003) Executive branch: chief of state: King MOHAMMED VI (since 30 July 1999) Head of government: Prime Minister Abbas EL FASSI (since 19 September 2007) Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch Elections: the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch following
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