TE REO AUG 2006.Pub

ISSN 1176-4767

TE REO

Dame Te Atairangikaahu. Haere rā.

Vol. 13 Issue #3 AKUHATA/AUGUST 2006

Special Interest Group No.76 of the New Zealand Society of Genealogists Inc. The MIG formed in 1993 & was ratified by the NZSG at the Christchurch Council Meeting on Saturday the 3rd December 1994

Official Publication of the NZSG Maori Interest Group

N E W S L T R www.rcyachts.net/maori NZSG MĀORI INTEREST GROUP TE REO Volume 13 Issue 3 AKUHATA/AUGUST 2006

Executive Committee 2006-2007

Please address all correspondence to the MIG Secretary as below;

New Zealand Society of Genealogists Attention : Māori Interest Group Secretary PO Box 8795 Symonds Street Auckland, AKD 1035 NEW ZEALAND

Mëra-hiko/E-mail: [email protected] with the Subject line "Maori Interest Group"

CONVENOR : Mr. Peter ALLEN

SECRETARY : Mrs. Brenda JOYCE

TREASURER : Mrs. Brenda JOYCE

NEWSLETTER EDITOR : Mr. Bruce MATHERS

RESEARCH OFFICER : Mrs. Brenda JOYCE

RESEARCH ADVISOR : Mr. Peter ALLEN [Māori Land Court]

WHAKAPAPA ADVISOR : Mrs. Heather WEBBER-AITU

WEBMASTER : Mr. Bruce MATHERS

ARCHIVIST : Mrs. Patty MATHERS (Honorary)

LOOKUP SERVICE : Mrs. Lorraine RICE

EXECUTIVE LIAISON : Mrs. Brenda JOYCE (Māori Interest Group)

When corresponding with officers of the MIG you must always quote your NZSG Membership Number and include a LARGE Stamped Self-Addressed Envelope [SSAE] with your letter if a reply is anticipated. TE REO PAGE 3

Membership of the NZSG Māori Interest Group is free, but you must be a financial member of the New Zealand Society of Genealogists Inc.

IN THIS ISSUE

STOP PRESS! DAME TE ATAIRANGIKAAHU 4

IMPORTANT NOTICES—PLEASE READ! 5

MLC UPDATE 7

2006 MIG AGM REPORTS 8

WHAKAPAPA: AN INTRODUCTION... 14

FAMILY HISTORY WEEK 14

KING TAWHIAO 16

CARING FOR MĀORI TEXTILES 17

TANGI PRACTICE 19

AWATAHA CATHOLIC MISSION & ST MARY’S Final 20

WHAKAPAPA RESEARCH INTERESTS 22

Please have all material for the next newsletter [Noema/November 2006] to the MIG Secretary before th the 25 Oketopa/October 2006 PAGE 4 TE REO

STOP PRESS! “The mighty kauri has fallen”

It is with grief we received the sad news of the death of Dame Te Atairangikaahu ONZ, DBE, (23 July 1931 – 15 August 2006) the Māori Queen who reigned for 40 years and served her people with genuine de- votion and commitment.

Haere rā. TE REO PAGE 5

IMPORTANT NOTICES PLEASE READ!

Please note that the following reports were written well in advance of the Queen’s recent passing and unfortunately preclude any formal acknowledgement of this sad oc- casion at this time by the MIG executive—however the committee extends its sympa- thies to the family of Dame Te Atairangikaahu on behalf of all our members.

CONVENOR’S CORNER: Convenor: Peter Allen Editor/Webmaster: Bruce Mathers Secretary/Treasurer: Brenda Joyce

Research – Refer all research questions or enquiries to the MIG webmaster and editor of Te Reo at [email protected] .

Alternatively, write to the Secretary at NZSG PO Box 8795 Symonds Street, Auckland 1035 and Brenda will ensure your questions will appear in the next issue of Te Reo.

Kia ora Members; Peter ALLEN Convenor The 2006 MIG AGM minutes have been August 2006 printed in this issue of Te Reo.

Officers remain the same; [Editorial Rights] BM

EDITORIAL: Birthday, the previous MIG executive was returned to office and we extend our special thanks to Brenda and Peter for continuing in their invaluable roles – I would also like to take this opportunity to extend to Peter and his family the heartfelt sym- pathy of the group in the sad loss of his wife Rangi. We are extremely grateful to Peter for continuing in his role a Conve- nor, despite his personal grief, during this sad time.

From all accounts not only was the conference a huge success but also the MIG Kia Ora; AGM and display table which was manned throughout the weekend by Pe- After the recent AGM during the NZSG conference held in Hamilton over Queen’s (Continued on page 7) PAGE 6 TE REO TE REO PAGE 7

(Continued from page 5) The following pages also include the 2006 ter. During the conference we also man- Māori Interest Group AGM Reports and as aged to launch the group’s own publica- you will see, moves are also being made tion “Whakapapa: An introduction to Māori on the redevelopment of the now defunct family history research” - this is a basic GRINZ logo for MIG use. how to [approach researching Whaka- Finally I would also like to extend to both papa] aimed primarily at beginners but we Peter and Brenda my personal thanks for are also sure the more experienced re- continuing in their positions on the MIG searcher will also find some of the hints Council as their proficiency and personal useful, and we must admit the success of contributions to this publication are an the publication has taken us a little by irreplaceable asset to our entire member- surprise with the first print being sold out ship. and by the time members receive this issue of Te Reo we expect to be in the We wish all our members research suc- third printing of the guide. The booklet cess in the coming twelve months and has been well received to date and we are thank you for your support of our endeav- confident everyone will find it useful, fur- ours. Please don’t forget to purchase your ther details are available elsewhere in this copy of “Whakapapa: An introduction to issue. While this A4 inhouse publication Māori family history research” – after all, is professionally printed and bound and it’s your research guide! with a colour front page, we fully expect to Hope to see you all at the Wellington Con- not only recoup our costs but to also ference in 2007. achieve a modest profit at $7.00 ea incl. post which will enable us to fund more resources for the group.

The MIG would also like to thank NZSG executive officer Peter NASH for his en- thusiastic support of the Whakapapa guide which he promoted through the NZSG sales table at Hamilton and the Haere Ra booklet is also available over the counter Bruce MATHERS at the FRC Panmure. Puruhi MATERA August 2006

UPDATE ON RESEARCHING MĀORI LAND OWNERSHIP

Previously, when trying to find your ancestors’ land you would write to the Māori Land Court for a copy of Land Interest in your ancestor’s name. This has now changed. You should now request a copy of Owners’ Details Report. This will give you the owner’s name and the blocks registered under their name and their share of the hold- ing.

The other document to ask for is the Management Structure Detail Report. If your ancestor was in a trust you will be given the names and addresses of all the members of the trust. The trust secretary may be able to give you further information.

Peter Allen

http://www.justice.govt.nz/maorilandcourt/homepage.htm PAGE 8 TE REO

MĀORI INTEREST GROUP 2006 AGM REPORTS

Convenor Peter ALLEN manning the group’s display table during the Hamilton conference.

CONVENOR’S cards and constructing our webpage, ANNUAL REPORT: thank you Bruce for your enthusiasm and help. Since we met together at We thank all those who sent in stories for Nelson in June last year we our newsletter and for the Whakapapa as have received five Māori they are very interesting and I for one Interest Group newsletters to keep us collect them. informed, thank you Bruce for producing the newsletters every three months, try to Kia ora keep up-to-date with your subscriptions

[koha] as it all helps us buy resources for our group.

My thanks to Brenda JOYCE [she] has been a great support this past year as Secretary and Treasurer, who keeps in Peter ALLEN contact with Bruce MATHERS and myself. Convenor

Bruce MATHERS has also been a great support this year producing membership TE REO PAGE 9

SECRETARY’S ers and Peter Allen on the Group’s busi- ANNUAL REPORT: ness, particularly in sourcing material for Te Reo. Libraries are sent invoices for Kia ora subscriptions and Te Reo is posted out to subscribing libraries and NZSG members This report is brief. The who have provided me with stamped, self majority of my time has been spent work- addressed. The membership now stands ing with Bruce to produce Whakapapa: at 65 individuals and 13 libraries. An introduction to Māori Family History Research. Apart from the actual writing Last, but by no means least, I should like this also involved sourcing examples of to thank Peter as our Convenor and Bruce relevant documents to use as illustra- for his financial support of Te Reo and his tions; checking websites, email and postal professionalism as editor and webmaster. addresses; proofreading; and working with Mauriora the printers on the production process.

And then there was the challenge of producing an attractive booklet at reasonable cost. We aim to recoup costs through sales.

Our website attracts members of the pub- Brenda Joyce #13868 lic so I frequently receive emails asking for Secretary. research advice. I liaise with Bruce Math-

MINUTES OF THE NZSG MĀORI INTEREST GROUP ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING:

8:00am 11th June 2006 Hamilton:

Note: Reports from committee members are attached to these minutes.

Opening Peter Allen, Convenor, opened the meeting with a karakia.

Present: Peter Allen #422, Brian Barry Executive Officer Peter NASH working #16507, Brenda Joyce #13868, Daniel the NZSG sales table—he’s just sold a and Harete Phillips #1781, Christine copy of our “Whakapapa: An introduction Liava’a #11163, Linda Lines #14275, to Māori family history research”! Trevor Mosley #17460, Owen Ormsby

#4583, Colleen Petricevich #4845, Helen Matters arising Owen Ormsby offered to Tervit #20490, Richard Williams and adapt the GRINZ logo for use by the Māori Lynly Yates #10471. Interest Group. Owen and the Secretary

Apologies: Bruce Mathers #6666, Alan to liaise on this project. Tunnicliffe #245 and Heather Webber. That the minutes of the last meeting be That the apologies be accepted. accepted as a true and accurate record. Moved Lynly Yates. Seconded Colleen Moved: Brenda Joyce Seconded: Petricevich. Carried. Lynly Yates. Carried.

Minutes of the last meeting. These were Convenor’s Report. Peter Allen ad- read by the Secretary. (Continued on page 10) PAGE 10 TE REO dressed the meeting  Christine Liava’a urged members That the Convenor’s Report be accepted to select books from their local Moved: Colleen Petricevich Seconded: public library’s rejects and to fre- Christine Liava’a Carried. quent second hand bookshops. Secretary’s Report. Brenda Joyce ad- Any books of genealogical value to dressed the meeting be donated to the FRC. That the Secretary’s report be accepted  Research Advisors. The following Moved: Christine Liava’a Seconded: Ha- people agreed to act in this capac- rete Phillips Carried. ity: Peter Allen, Lorraine Rice,

Treasurer’s Report. Copies of the finan- Harete Phillips and Brenda Joyce. cial statement were made available to the  Lynly Yates spoke as convenor of meeting. .Brenda Joyce spoke to the re- NZSG 2007 Conference Committee. port. NZSG will be celebrating its 40th That the financial report be accepted birthday in 2007. She asked that Moved: Lynly Yates Seconded: Christine MIG submit a brief history of the Liava’a Carried. Group, to include names of past and present officers. MIG, along It was agreed that copies of Whakapapa: with other Special Interest Groups, an introduction to Māori Family History will be given the opportunity to Research be offered for sale at $10.00 per make a 10 minute promotional copy, including postage and handling. presentation at Conference. Webmaster and Editor’s Reports. Peter  Peter Allen suggested that Confer- Allen read these to the meeting. ence displays be open to the public That the webmaster and editor’s reports for a half day during Conference. be accepted. Moved: Brenda Joyce Seconded: Chris- There being no further business to dis- tine Liava’a Carried. cuss the meeting closed at 8.50am

Election of Officers The following were re-elected unopposed: Convenor: Peter Allen Treasurer and Secretary: Brenda Joyce Signed ______Webmaster and Editor: Bruce Mathers (Convenor)

Any other business

TREASURER’S ANNUAL REPORT:

The Treasurers Annual Report is in the centre of this newsletter. BM

The MIG webpage is proudly hosted by R/C Yachts brisbane, australia - www.rcyachts.net TE REO PAGE 11

members. Despite my limited knowledge and graphic skills, the website remains extremely func- tional and easy to navigate – nevertheless, I am always open to suggestions for improvement. Hits remain constant at around 10 per day and we have received reports that it has proven to be successful in uniting whanau researching the same tipuna.

I would also like to thank Christine CLEMENT, Peter and Brenda who continue to be the corner EDITOR’S & WEBMASTERS stones of our newsletters with regular contributions ANNUAL REPORT: and without whom my task would be near impossi- ble. They continue to provide research information Kia Ora, for each issue and Peter has been sending in his TE REO: It is with pleasure that I present Convenor’s reports well in advance which have this combined newsletter editor and web- allowed me to produce Te Reo without any delays master report to our members. which have made things a whole lot easier. Like- wise, Brenda is also an asset to our group, her This is my sixth year as a the Maori Inter- regular and swift contact almost daily via email is est Group newsletter editor, over the past not only invaluable but also irreplaceable as apart twelve months Te Reo has remained constant at 24 from our one and only meeting December last year, pages per issue with the number of issues being at all communication is via the internet which has still approximately 45 copies every three months, in- enabled us to achieve a huge amount in the daily cluding a handful printed of complimentary copies running of the group – if I have forgotten to thank for interested groups, societies and libraries anyone, please forgive the oversight. throughout New Zealand, Australia and England and extra copies to hand out to interested members Happy hunting and thank you all once again for at the MIG table during conference. your trust in my ability to produce your newsletter. However, I am always mindful of improvements Snap printing continue to update their copying and I am happy to also relinquish the role of Editor facilities and the past two issue in particular have if any member is willing to takeover and improve been especially pleasing to us with improved image the publication. and photograph reproduction. Unfortunately with updated technology comes a price and the newslet- Haere Ra ters have increased slightly, to approximately $1.16 per issue.

WEBPAGE: firstly I must extend our sincere appreciation to Eduard COWELL, Eddie continues to support the group by kindly hosting our web site Bruce MATHERS/Puruhi MATEA free of charge through his American ISP. This is a huge financial saving to the group which frees up Editor ‘Te Reo”. valuable funds for other purchases to benefit our MIG Webmaster

YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS?

CAN ALL MEMBERS PLEASE ENSURE THAT THE SECRETARY HAS YOUR CURRENT (VALID) E-MAIL ADDRESS

Where possible, please supply all source and/or reference details with any material submitted for inclusion in Te Reo. PAGE 12 TE REO TE REO PAGE 13 PAGE 14 TE REO

Whakapapa: An introduction to Māori family history research. Bruce Mathers and Brenda Joyce A4. Soft cover with front page in full colour. 16 pages ISBN 0-473-11172-1. $7.00, includes p&p within NZ

NZSG Māori Interest Group is the proud publisher. The booklet was launched at the Hamilton Conference in June where the first print was completely sold out thanks to Peter Nash and his team who promoted it on the NZSG sales table. Sales have been brisk since the second print, including National Library, Parliamentary Library, University of Canterbury, Porirua Public Li- brary, Unity Books Shops and Massey University.

This booklet explains how whakapapa is different and then describes the records available and how to access and interpret these. Postal and email addresses are provided together with notes on helpful websites. A glossary of Māori words and their meanings together with images of many types of records are included.

Available from NZSG, PO Box 8795, Symonds Street, Auckland and MIG Secretary Brenda Joyce, 17 Peterhouse Street Tawa Wellington 5028.

FAMILY HISTORY WEEK 2006 13 – 20 OCTOBER

I left Council after the June AGM. As a parting gift Council gave me the job of co-ordinating this year’s Family History Week.

All Branches and Interest Groups have been sent information packs and asked to celebrate FHW by promoting NZSG and family history to the public. This could be an Expo, Open Days, Research Sessions or any other form that appeals to members.

Māori Interest Group would like to take this opportunity to promote whakapapa to the public. As our membership is small and spread throughout NZ I believe the most effective way would be for our members to work with their local NZSG Branch. Perhaps you could offer to have a whakapapa table at their event. There is an increasing interest and awareness of whakapapa in the community. People just need some guidance and en- couragement to get started.

I do hope you will be able to play a part in Family History Week. If you need materials or resources do let me know as I may be able to help. Give me time though – we may even need a fourth print of our new whakapapa research book ! ! !

Brenda Joyce [email protected] TE REO PAGE 15 PAGE 16 TE REO

THE MĀORI KING MOVEMENT— KING TAWHIAO

In this issue we continue with the series on the Māori Kings which commenced in the May newsletter—a Whakapapa from which the late Māori Queen also descends.

TE WHEROWHERO [TAWHIAO], Matutaera Te Pukepuke Te Paue Te Karato Te-a-Potatau Tawhiao.

Sometimes called Potatau II, (1825– 1894).

The Second Māori “King”.

Tawhiao was born in 1825 at Mokau, where the whole Waikato tribe had re- treated after the fall of Matakitaki pa on the Waipa River. He was the eldest son of Te Wherowhero (Potatau I) and of Whakaawi. After the Ngapuhi were routed in 1827 he lived at several vil- adopt guerilla tactics. His war parties, lages along the Waipa until his hapu however, insisted on direct resistance at settled in Central Waikato. Tawhiao Koheroa, Meremere, Rangiriri, and never attended mission school, but he Paterangi, and they built complicated was baptised at Mangere while his fa- and powerful earthworks, which they ther was living there in the house pro- soon found could be invested or out- vided for him by Sir George Grey. He flanked by General Cameron's forces. took “Matutaera” (Methuselah) as his Had a fluid strategy been followed there baptismal name, but repudiated it in is no doubt the conquest of the Waikato 1867. would have been much more difficult. Tawhiao was present at the Battle of When the aged Potatau died in the win- Rangiriri, but escaped up the river, and ter of 1860 the movement split over the he had retired behind the King Country succession. One party favoured his sis- border before the Siege of Orakau. ter Te Paea, and the other, Tawhiao. When Tamihana gave his support to the From 1863 until he made peace with latter party the kingship passed to the Government in 1881, Tawhiao lived Tawhiao. The new “king” took little posi- at Para-tui pa – about 3 miles north of tive part in deciding policy, but allowed Te Kuiti – where he succeeded in main- his council to make the decisions. At taining a prosperous Māori first the moderate party, led by Tami- “principality” in a state of peace. During hana, held sway, but the extremists, these years there were few official con- under the leadership of Rewi Ma- tacts between the “King” Maoris and the niapoto, soon gained the ascendancy. Government, and relations remained strained. On 2 February 1875 Sir Don- When war broke out Tawhiao sensed ald McLean, the Native Minister, visited the futility of building fortifications across the line of General Cameron's (Continued on page 17) advance and urged his commanders to TE REO PAGE 17

(Continued from page 16) return he refused all the honours – in- Para-tui, where he offered Tawhiao a cluding a seat in the Legislative Council scheme which would have virtually and a pension of £1,000 a year – that given the Maoris “home rule”. Tawhiao the New Zealand Government offered was satisfied with the offer, but because him because he felt that acceptance his Ngati Maniapoto allies, Wahanui would prejudice his kingship and strain and Taonui, objected, the plan was not the loyalty of the Māori people. proceeded with. Further meetings be- All his life Tawhiao steadfastly remained tween the “King” and Government were the independent representative of his held in 1879 and 1881 and in the latter people. He died on 26 August 1894 at year peace was concluded. Parawera (near Kihikihi) and was suc- After the peace of 1881 Tawhiao paid a ceeded by his son, Mahuta Tawhiao.

state visit to Auckland where he and 'TE WHEROWHERO [TAWHIAO], Matutaera Te 600 followers were féted and made Pukepuke Te Paue Te Karato Te-a-Potatau Tawhiao', much of. In 1884 he visited England from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966. with several chiefs and, while there, he Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 9- put the Maoris' grievances before the Jun-2006 Secretary of State for Colonies. On his URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/1966/W/ TeWherowherotawhiaoMatutaeraTePukepukeTe/en

CARING FOR MĀORI TEXTILES than others. They need special care.

Kākahu, kete, piupiu and whāriki are Storing taonga. They are fragile and once dam-  Store in a cool dry place, preferably aged cannot be restored to their original flat in an acid free box or drawer lined condition. They must be loved, stored with acid free paper and cared for correctly.  Pad under curved areas eg shoulders If you have responsibility for or an interest of cloaks and inside kete with in caring for Māori textiles, either in your scrunched up acid free tissue paper to own home, local museum or marae this support the shape. cannot be taken lightly. You could be  Use disposable surgical gloves held accountable to the community or (available in $2.00 shops) when han- future generations of your own family for dling to protect against acids in the the preservation of these taonga. skin damaging the fibres.

Causes of damage  If displaying make sure the strain of  Light – sunlight and artificial light the weight is not carried by the item ie it is supported.  Dampness, humidity  Inspect every 3 months for damage  Dust and potential damage.  Insects Cleaning  Handling and wearing – even on im-  Use a vacuum cleaner set to the weak- portant occasions est suction level. Cover the nozzle  Creasing, folding with fine fabric and gently pass over  Strain by carrying their own weight the item. when displayed or stored Above all NEVER Traditional black dye rendered the flax  Use sticky cellulose tape on a precious fibres fragile. This is why piupiu will (Continued on page 18) break more quickly on the black parts PAGE 18 TE REO

(Continued from page 17) mould and fungi damage. item  Use metal items eg paper clips, draw- The above is a brief summary of Caring for ing pins. They may rust. Māori Textiles published by Te Papa Mu- seum, National Services, PO Box 467,  Try to repair damage. The materials Cable Street, Wellington. Cost $7.50 in- used may well cause further damage. cluding postage and packing. It includes Act rather to prevent further damage clear, detailed instructions and diagrams and support the damaged area. for a variety of safe storage and display  Store piupiu in stockings or tights. solutions which are cheap and easy to The fragile black fibres can get carry out. These cannot be re-produced snagged and break. here due to copyright issues.

 Use water, soap or drycleaning. Do take the time and effort to care well for  Use plastic for storage. This allows the valuable, irreplaceable textile items for condensation to build up resulting in which you have responsibility.

Trivia : LIFE IN THE 1500's

Houses had thatched roofs-thick straw-piled high, with no wood underneath. It was the only place for animals to get warm, so all the cats and other small animals (mice, bugs) lived in the roof. When it rained it became slippery and sometimes the animals would slip and off the roof. Hence the saying "It's raining cats and dogs."

There was nothing to stop things from falling into the house. This posed a real prob- lem in the bedroom where bugs and other droppings could mess up your nice clean bed. Hence, a bed with big posts and a sheet hung over the top afforded some protec- tion. That's how canopy beds came into existence.

The floor was dirt. Only the wealthy had something other than dirt. Hence the saying "dirt poor." The wealthy had slate floors that would get slippery in the winter when wet, so they spread thresh (straw) on the floor to help keep their footing. As the winter wore on, they added more thresh until when you opened the door it would all start slipping outside. A piece of wood was placed in the entranceway. Hence the saying a "thresh hold." And that's the truth... Now, whoever said that History was boring ! ! ! Anon

When contacting officers of the MĀORI INTEREST GROUP You Must Always

QUOTE YOUR NZSG MEMBERSHIP NUMBER TE REO PAGE 19

They are also reminded of the role of those who have died and the manner in which they are affected by their spiritual pres- ence. Some people will remain at the tangi for a few hours; others will remain overnight or for two or three days. A marae has learned to cope with fluctuating and un- certain numbers of people. Marae are used for a variety of events, including weddings, but tangi take prece- dence over all other marae uses. TANGI – MAORI FUNERAL However, it is not unknown for a wedding PRACTICE to take place while a tupapaku is lying on The tangi or tangihanga embraces the the marae. Although this may be unthink- funeral rites accorded a person before the able to the non-Maori, to Maori there is body is finally interred. The Maori belief is nothing illogical about celebrating occa- that the tupapaku (body of the deceased sions related to the living and dying in the person) should not be left on its own at same place. This is a good example of any stage after death. Hence people will Maori wairua – the belief that life and gather to take the tupapaku from the fu- death are intimately intertwined. neral practice to the marae, or place it The belief that the spirit does not leave where it will lie in the company of people the vicinity of the body until burial means until burial. Family and friends may come that the spirit of the loved parent or family and go from this place as they wish, or member is present to witness the mar- they may remain until after the actual riage; the deceased shares spiritually in burial. the ongoing life of the living. On this occa- All people, including relatives arriving for sion, death is very much part of life. a tangi, will go through the usual karanga URUPA (the call of welcome) and mihi (greeting) Maori establish urupa (cemeteries or bur- procedures. ial places) in association with marae, so The coffin is left open, and people will whanau (family) can care for the place touch the tupapaku. Speeches will be where their own have been buried. made directly to the tupapaku in the be- It is usually the wish of an individual to lief that the spirit does not leave the vicin- return to their whanau urupa, as much ity of the body until the burial. as it is the desire of the family to bring THE MARAE their dead ‘home’. Older people will ex- The importance of the tangi being held at press the wish to be ‘taken home’. Yet, the marae (the traditional meeting place of because in marriage there is a link with Maori people) is, in part, the fulfilment of another area, there exists for each person the wairua or spiritual being of the Maori at least two ‘homes’. – the belief that those who have died are Most urupa are situated close to the always with the marae, that the recently marae. In these special tapu places – dead are released into the care of the long places of natural beauty – Papatuanuku dead. It is important to Maori that the (Mother Earth) cares for the bodies of her dead be brought together to be greeted, charges. respected and farewelled. A visit to the urupa is important if one is It is equally important that the living returning home after a long absence to come together to support each other. By reinforce knowledge of personal whaka- supporting each other on the marae, the living are made aware of their place in life. (Continued on page 20) PAGE 20 TE REO papa (genealogy). wash their hands. At the urupa, members of families are In the absence of water, it may be that usually reserved places within the family rewena (home-cooked bread) is available. rows – as the family was together in life, In this case, the bread is crumbled and so the family is together in death. used to ‘wash away’ the tapu. This action It is important that the tapu of the area be recreates the state of noa, or freedom to recognised by visitors. On leaving the move among, and have contact with oth- urupa, its tapu is removed by washing the ers. hands in water. Many urupa have con- tainers of water placed just outside the Adapted from ‘Te Marae – A Guide to Customs & Protocol’ by Hiwi and Pat Tauroa. Published by Reed Methuen gate for this purpose. Other urupa can be Publishers Ltd., 39 Rawene Road, Auckland, New Zea- reached only by crossing a creek. It is land. ISBN 0 474 00157 1. First published in 1986 and here that visitors or family will stop to reprinted in 1987. To purchase a copy of the book, contact: www.reed.co.nz or your local bookseller.

In this issue we continue with the series of Continued from previous issue… final. fascinating sort stories on the settlements of the Māori people in the Auckland area from the After the death of Te Hemera Tauhia in early 1800’s to the first quarter of last century October 1891, and the sale of his lands at as kindly submitted by the MIG Convenor BM Puhoi in 1893, some of his Hauraki followers were allowed by the Church to reside at Awataha. This was a time of great distress for Hauraki generally. Be- tween 1885 and 1912 they lost 235,000 acres of land, and the remaining 171,000 acres suffered from poor soil, mountain- ous terrain or was flood prone.

In 1903 Aterea Petera and 80 others pressed for more and petitioned the government complaining "that the trusts in connection with certain lands in the Waitemata Parish, Auckland, vested in the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, are not being carried out, and they pray for investigation with a view to having the land used for the benefit of the Maoris (sic)" (10). This impressed the Na- tive Affairs Committee sufficiently to rec- ommend a further enquiry in 1904.

In 1908, it was claimed that Maori were living in that area now known as The Warehouse Way, and farming on the area from the current corner of Lake Road and Tonar Street, up Tonar and along College Road. In 1911 there were 69 men, women and children living in the area (11).

Some were important kaumatua and kuia, THE AWATAHA CATHOLIC mainly Hauraki, who were buried in the MISSION & ST MARY'S Awataha urupa at least until the early COLLEGE. PART SEVEN: (Continued on page 21) TE REO PAGE 21

(Continued from page 20) down from the current Foodtown super- 1920's. This included Noka Hukanui and market on the eastern side. Chinese his wife Waiti Noka (12). strawberry growers were moved off the site and money made available for hous- By September 1914 two separate groups ing the Patricks. had emerged. In that month Nanaoka (Noka) Tukamui and Patariki Wiripo Mo What remained of Paki's group stayed at Paki made a joint plea for assistance to Awataha on the "point of land where the Bishop Cleary. Cleary, however, was en- old cemetery is located" (14). Eruera Pat- gaged in promoting Empowering Bills in rick had already agreed that remains in a Parliament allowing the Church to prop- smaller cemetery, containing influenza erly lease, and from 1924 sell Catholic victims, be reburied in that larger ceme- land. He regarded this as the only way the tery. Part of his agreement was that the purposes of the original grant could be urupa be "cut off and reserved" (15). fulfilled. From late 1924 there were successive On 31 March 1916 a lessor of Catholic threats of legal injunctions to force the land, Harry Hopper Adams, charged remaining group to leave the area. In Rawiri Pahuta and Wirepa Heteraka with 1925 Wiha Rawiri Puhuta and 76 others trespass. Maori claimed Awataha was an repeated their claim, in a third parliamen- ancestral site, and that the Mahurangi tary petition, that "the land they now oc- Purchase hadn't specifically included cupy known as Awataha in Takapuna, Awataha. They also claimed a moral title Auckland, was never included in the sale to the land as long-term residents. Maori to the Crown of the Mahurangi Block, and had earlier paid rent for the land. therefore the Crown Grant issued to the Roman Catholic Bishop in 1850 was inva- In 1919 and 1920 negotiations continued, lid" (16). Parliament recommended no with offers to the separate groups of life action, and passed a further enabling Act tenancies elsewhere on the Catholic en- to assist the Catholic Church to sell some dowment. An ejection notice in late 1919 of the land. The lease income was insuffi- was held over to allow Maori to harvest cient and land sales were deemed neces- their strawberry crop, but in October sary to finance St Peter's College or Hato 1920 "shanties were torn down" and those Petera, which opened in 1928. remaining reverted to "tents" (13). In that same year a second petition to Parliament The end of the "trespassing" was between was made by Eruera Patariki (also known July and September 1925. On 23 March as Patrick and a son of Paki) and others 1925 eight people had been arrested. Paki concerning the main urupa site on the personally agreed in July not to further point at Awataha. "trespass", and left for Thames. In early September Takapuna Police executed an There eventually was an agreement dated eviction order, and remaining shacks were 14 March 1921, but not carried out until pulled down. Tents were erected as before, around September 1921, when Noka's but on 30 September an interim injunc- group of over twenty people left the lagoon tion forced a final agreement to depart. area, for a lifetime lease of just over nine acres between Ocean View and Raleigh One of the removed, Manea Parata, made Roads. Noka's relatives, the Ngahuripoke a claim to the government for hardship, family (Anglicised to Peters), lived there but was instead offered government em- until the 1950's. ployment. Waipaia Makateau was still pursuing the matter with politicians into From 7 April 1924, another group of the 1930's. Maori, the Patricks but without the mother, were given a lifetime lease of 1.75 By the time of the 1926 Census there acres of Catholic land at Barrys Point, just (Continued on page 22) PAGE 22 TE REO

(Continued from page 21) The site was then significantly altered were 16 Maori living in the whole of with 200,000 cubic yards excavated, and Northcote Borough, in 4 households. 60 feet diameter concrete foundations laid While 6 were Catholic, 10 were Anglican. for 25 fuel oil tanks. Further construction In adjoining Takapuna Borough 31 Maori was cancelled in early 1943. From the late lived in 6 separate households. Again 1950's part of the site was taken for there was a wide denominational variety, northern exit lanes from the Auckland with near equal numbers of Anglicans, Harbour Bridge, and still later the remain- Catholics, Ratana, Ringatu and Mormons. der became residential housing, commer- Elsewhere on the North Shore, Birken- cial development and educational facili- head Borough had just 4 Maori in 1 ties. There is now the Awataha marae at household, while populous Devonport the Auckland University of Technology Borough had 27 Maori in 5 households. PA7 North Shore campus.

Awataha remained empty until 1942 when the remains in the urupa were dis- Handwritten transcript by Peter ALLEN interred to make way for a fuel oil storage Hamilton, WKT, NZ. depot for the United States Navy. Both www.cel-software.co.nz/images/BHS/Jun03/ Ngati Paoa and Tainui, but possibly not ONEWA.htm

Te Arawa, were asked to remove their Selected Bibliography graves in secret because of wartime con- GRAHAM, George Samuel “History of Kauri Point” 1910 siderations. Some may have been re- GRAHAM, George Samuel “History of Orewa (Northcote Point)” 1908 interred in the Pompallier cemetery. Hone Hauraki Maori Land Trust Board Hauraki Treaty Tuwhare describes the removal of one Claims Vol.6 1880-1980 (1997) grave in his "Burial" (17). The Mercy Sisters & St Joseph’s Takapuna 1893-1993

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