Cloud Computing Για Υπηρεσίες Εκπαίδευσης ΔΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ

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Cloud Computing Για Υπηρεσίες Εκπαίδευσης ΔΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΙΓΑΙΟΥ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΘΕΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΩΝ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΑΚΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΕΠΙΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΩΝ Cloud Computing για Υπηρεσίες Εκπαίδευσης ΔΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΙΩΑΝΝΙΔΟΥ ΣΤΕΦΑΝΙΑ ΜΟΥΣΤΟΣ ΚΩΝ/ΝΟΣ Επιβλέπων: Δημήτριος Σκούτας μέλος Ε.ΔΙ.Π βαθμίδας Β Καρλόβασι, Οκτώβριος 2016 Ευχαριστίες Θα θέλαμε να ευχαριστήσουμε τον επιβλέπον καθηγητή μας, κ. Δημήτριο Σκούτα για την εμπιστοσύνη που μας έδειξε στην ανάθεση της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας καθώς και της πολύτιμης καθοδήγησης του. Θα θέλαμε επίσης να ευχαριστήσουμε τον κ. Βασίλειο Τάτση για τον χρόνο που μας αφιέρωσε και τις πολύτιμες του συμβουλές, κάνοντας το έργο μας λίγο πιο εύκολο. Τέλος θα θέλαμε να πούμε ένα μεγάλο ευχαριστώ στην κοινότητα του Πανεπιστημίου Αιγαίου για την συμβολή τους στην έρευνα που πραγματοποιήσαμε. Όλες οι απαντήσεις που δόθηκαν ήταν πολύτιμες για την πορεία της διπλωματικής μας εργασίας. Περίληψη Από τα παλαιότερα χρόνια, η εκπαίδευση αποτελούσε ένα από τους σημαντικότερους θεσμούς για την ολοκληρωμένη ανάπτυξη του ανθρώπου. Σημαντικές θεωρίες που αναπτύχθηκαν για την βελτίωση της μάθησης είναι ο κονστρουκτιβισμός, η ανακαλυπτική, η μεταγνωστική και η συνεργατική μάθηση. Στον τομέα της πληροφορικής το cloud computing καινοτομεί και προσφέρει υπηρεσίες που παλαιότερα δεν θα ήταν δυνατόν να έχουμε πρόσβαση. Μέσω των μοντέλων και των χαρακτηριστικών του, δίνει την δυνατότητα στην εκπαίδευση να αναβαθμιστεί και να γίνει πιο εύκολη και πιο αποδοτική. Θέλοντας να δείξουμε πως αυτή η σύνδεση είναι δυνατόν να γίνει εφικτή, μελετήσαμε τις απαιτήσεις και τις ανάγκες αυτού του συστήματος και δημιουργήσαμε μια εφαρμογή βασισμένη σε cloud τεχνολογία η οποία υλοποιεί τις θεωρίες της εκπαίδευσης. Λέξεις κλειδιά: Εκπαίδευση, Θεωρίες της Εκπαίδευσης, Υπολογιστικό Νέφος Abstract Since the earliest stages of mankind, education has always been one of the most significant factors towards its own progress. The most significant theories, which were developed for the sake of the improvement of learning are constructivism, discovery learning, metacognition and cooperative learning. In the field of information technology, cloud computing innovates and offers services, which would have been inaccessible in the past. Its models as well as its features enable an upgrade of education, making learning easier and more efficient. In order to prove that this connection is feasible, we researched the system’s requirements and needs and developed an application, based on cloud technology, which implements the above mentioned theories. Key words: Education, Educational Theories, Cloud Computing Περιεχόμενα ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 1: ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ ........................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Σκοπός της διπλωματικής ....................................................................................... 11 1.2 Δομή της διπλωματικής .......................................................................................... 12 1.3 Διαχωρισμός της διπλωματικής .............................................................................. 12 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 2: ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ ...................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Εισαγωγικά .................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Η ιστορία της εκπαίδευσης ........................................................................................... 13 2.3 Δομή .............................................................................................................................. 14 2.3.1 Προσχολική εκπαίδευση ........................................................................................ 14 2.3.2 Πρωτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση ..................................................................................... 15 2.3.3 Δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση .................................................................................. 15 2.3.4 Τριτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση ....................................................................................... 17 2.3.5 Η εκπαίδευση των ατόμων με αναπηρία ή/και ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες (ΑμεΑ) .............................................................................................................................. 17 2.4 Βασικά στοιχεία θεωριών για αποδοτικότερη μάθηση ................................................ 18 2.4.1 Κονστρουκτιβισμός ................................................................................................ 18 2.4.1.1 Βασικές αρχές .................................................................................................. 19 2.4.1.2 Εκδοχές - είδη του κονστρουκτιβισμού .......................................................... 19 2.4.2 Συνεργατική μάθηση .............................................................................................. 20 2.4.2.1 Πλεονεκτήματα: .............................................................................................. 21 2.4.2.2 Μειονεκτήματα: .............................................................................................. 22 2.4.3 Ανακαλυπτική μάθηση ........................................................................................... 22 2.4.4 Μεταγνωστική μάθηση .......................................................................................... 24 2.5 Λογισμικά βασισμένα στις θεωρίες της εκπαίδευσης .................................................. 26 2.5.1 Ενδεικτικά λογισμικά στην Ελληνική Εκπαίδευση ................................................. 27 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 3: ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΤΙΚΟ ΝΕΦΟΣ- CLOUD COMPUTING .................................................. 29 3.1 Εισαγωγή στις Τεχνολογίες Υπολογιστικού Νέφους(Cloud Computing) ...................... 29 3.2 Ιστορική αναδρομή ....................................................................................................... 30 3.3 Αρχιτεκτονική Cloud Computing ................................................................................... 31 3.4 Cloud computing δίκτυα ............................................................................................... 33 3.4.1 Βασική δομή cloud ή μη δικτύων ........................................................................... 33 3.4.2 Grid computing δίκτυα ........................................................................................... 34 3.4.3 Virtualization .......................................................................................................... 35 3.5 Μοντέλα ανάπτυξης ...................................................................................................... 36 3.6 Απαραίτητα χαρακτηριστικά ......................................................................................... 37 3.7 Μοντέλα υπηρεσιών ..................................................................................................... 39 3.8 Cloud Computing από άποψη ενέργειας ...................................................................... 41 3.9 Cloud computing από άποψη κόστους ......................................................................... 43 3.10 Πλεονεκτήματα – Μειονεκτήματα του cloud computing ........................................... 44 3.10.1 Πλεονεκτήματα cloud computing ........................................................................ 44 3.10.2 Μειονεκτήματα cloud computing ........................................................................ 47 3.11 Πάροχοι Cloud Computing .......................................................................................... 49 3.11.1 Salesforce ............................................................................................................. 49 3.11.2 IBM ....................................................................................................................... 50 3.11.3 EMC ...................................................................................................................... 50 3.11.4 ΝetApp .................................................................................................................. 51 3.11.5 Zoho ...................................................................................................................... 51 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 4: ΤΟ CLOUD COMPUTING ΣΤΗΝ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ ..................................................... 52 4.1 Εισαγωγή ....................................................................................................................... 52 4.2 Εφαρμογή cloud computing στην εκπαίδευση ............................................................. 53 4.2.1 Μοντέλα υπηρεσιών cloud computing στην εκπαίδευση ..................................... 53 4.2.2 Μοντέλα ανάπτυξης cloud computing στην εκπαίδευση ...................................... 54 4.3 Παρατηρήσεις στην εφαρμογή της cloud τεχνολογίας στην εκπαίδευση .................... 55 4.4 Ανάλυση ερωτηματολογίου .......................................................................................... 56 4.4.1 Δημιουργία ερωτηματολογίου ................................................................................ 56 4.4.2 Ανάλυση ερωτηματολογίου-Διαγράμματα ............................................................ 59 4.4.3 Απαιτήσεις χρηστών ............................................................................................... 78 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 5: ΤΕΧΝΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΙΑΣ ΕΝΟΣ CLOUD ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΟΣ ....................... 85 5.1 Εισαγωγή ....................................................................................................................... 85 5.2 Open source software
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