International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2021, pp.504-510 Article ID: IJARET_12_01_046 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=12&Issue=1 ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499 DOI: 10.34218/IJARET.12.1.2020.046

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CONCEPTS OF REAL HUMANS IN SOCIAL

Atamurodova Feruza Tashmuratovna Independent Researcher of Kashkadarya State Institute, Kashkadarya, Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT In this article is learned the works of writers who wrote social science fiction novels based on English literature. The work of the great English writer of the XX th century, H.G. Wells, does not end with social fiction novel. He wrote his novels side by side with the science fiction . Namely; “The Wales Time Machine” (1895), “Dr. Moreau's Island” (1896), “The Invisible Man” (1897). Among his novels "War of the Worlds" (1898), "When the Sleepers Awake" (1899) and others. Both science fiction and household novels reflect the writer's opinions of the present and of the human person, as well as how a person understands the content of his relationship with the world around him Wells, in his novel Machiavelli, described the characteristics of his main characters. A characteristic feature of the work for the writer is that it focuses on comparing people with two different worldviews with the characteristics of a real citizen and a self-serving person. Key words: science-fiction, novel-treases, social-science fiction, socio-psychological, image, reality, decadence. Cite this Article: Atamurodova Feruza Tashmuratovna, Concepts of Real Humans in Social Science Fiction, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 12(1), 2021, pp. 504-510. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=12&Issue=1

1. INTRODUCTION At the beginning of the XX century, two main styles emerged in English literature - realism and decadence (vanguard). The decadence was not as bright for English literature as it was for France. This sentiment is reflected in the writings of a number of writers, including Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), HG Wells (HG Wells, 1866-1946) and John Galsworthy (1867-1933). found its reflection. Writer Wells entered literature as the master of science fiction and the founder of the new era social science fiction novel genre. His Time Machine (1895), Doctor's Island (1896), The Invisible Man (1897). His novels "" (1898), "When the Sleepers Awoke" (1899) and others were widely known. Wells' work does not end only in the form of a social fiction novel. Along with his science fiction novels, he wrote The Wheel of Fortune (1896), Love and Mr. Levish (1900), Kunne (1905),

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Tono-Benge (1909), and Veronica "(1909), The Story of Mr. Poll (1910), The Wife of Sir Isaac Harman, and other social novels. As with other types of creativity in a work of art, these two types of fiction stand side by side in infinitely different proportions. This ratio determines the basis for the division of works of art into real and fictional depending on the distribution of the real or unreal plan. If in “ordinary” literature a relative balance is maintained between the times of rethinking and imagination, then in fiction it is distorted in favor of imagination. (4, 14) In Wells's work, there is a gradual process of transition from a science fiction novel to a socio-political novel and from a home-based novel to a socio-psychological one. The results of this process were reflected in the author's masterpieces of the 1920s and 1930s, such as "Mr. Blitzworthy on the Island of Rome-Paul" (1928) and "Belpington Blepski" (1933), as well as "Precautions" (1941). This practical development of the genre - the fusion of elements of social and science fiction and the compression of fiction by deep socio-psychological analysis (Belpington Blepsky) - is associated with the Welsh concept of the human concept, which is characterized by the word "dynamic". will be possible. In all his works, Wells observes the movement of a person from the past and present to the future, the process of his formation and development, analyzes the real state of affairs, and draws the history of the future. The peculiarities of the Welsh approach to the discovery of the structure of the human personality can be judged from the comments of the author himself in the novel by Williams Clissold (1926). To give a complete picture of a person, Wells believes, he must first show his attitude to the world, then to history, and only then to other people and humanity as a whole. The author has used various types of novels, such as science fiction and social-domestic. Wells used other forms as well. He creates some novels and treatises, such as ("New McLavelli"; "God is the invisible king", 1917; "Heart of a priest", 1917; "Immortal fire", 1919, etc.), developed the form of an imaginary novel, wrote scientific works on history ("A Brief Outline of History"), 1920; A Brief History of the World, 1922), his own biography (Biographical Experience, 1934), a popular textbook and interesting document of the period, refers to a psychological novel (Heartbreak, 1922; Father of Christina Alberti).

2. MAIN PART Herbert Wells was born on September 21, 1866, in the Bromley region of Great Britain. His father, Joseph Wells, was a small merchant who traded in glassware. At the age of eight, he broke his leg due to carelessness, and since he could not leave the house at that time, he became interested in science fiction. His first novel, “”, was published in 1895. Ralph Fox pay attention of Wells quote as saying: "A comprehensive study of character, mature intellectual exercise, philosophical exercise." The period of growing up, acquaintance with the world in general was so long and long for me that in recent years my interest in humanity has just begun to prevail over everything else. First, I had to create a circle in which human life takes place, and only then I could solve the problems that a person faces” [8, 422]. Wells links his writing maturity to an interest in "character-watching." Wells' science fiction novels talk about the possibilities of science and scientists, but these works cannot be called romances with characters. However, in some aspects of the peculiar development of the scientist's personality in their bourgeois society: the loneliness of a person, his loneliness and the fact that his consciousness is complicated by individualism, Welsh novels help to understand the causes of these phenomena. In this respect, the novel "The Invisible Man" is important because it tells about the tragic fate of a scientist. The novel is written in the style of a combination of fantastic and real events. In it, the textures are harmonized with clearly depicted vitel items.

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Both his science fiction novels and his life themes reflect the writer's vision of the present and future of the human person and how a person understands the content of his relationship with the world around him. But if in his fantastic works Wells turned to unknown areas, boldly entered the secrets of science and created the image of people striving for new discoveries, then in his socially significant novels he wrote about everyday events and ordinary people. In several of his novels, Wells addresses the problems of time and sees the history of the future. Only by comparing these two aspects of the writer's work, or rather, analyzing them as a whole, one can understand how Wells was looking for a solution to the problem of character. In his pre-war novels, these lines are about “people of the future” or “new people”, which the author himself later called “Father of Christina Alberti” (1925), Anna-Veronica (“Anna-Veronica”), Georgy Pondervo (“Tona-Bengzhe”), Mrs. Harman (Sir Isaac Harman's Wife), Isabelle and Margaret (New Machiavelli, 1911) are vividly depicted. The merits of these people are that they do not want to compromise with the established routine, they yearn for active action, conscious life, strive for change and are ready to mobilize themselves to pave a bright path into the future. New Machiavellian said that "Do we live only to dress up and play, eat and spend money?" “There is a lot of work for the world, a lot of work for people,” At the heart of Anna-Veronica lives a passion for change, George Ponderevo dreams of a brighter future. Wells is determined to awaken in the minds of people a desire for action and renewal. He believes that the "passion for social construction" is hidden in every person, and seeks to awaken it. The main characters believe that, despite the injustice and inequality in society, strong changes will occur in the future, as a result of human efforts, high results will be achieved, and people will have a desire to live a prosperous life in the near future. Among the post-war works of Wales, Biographical Experience is of great interest. The significance of this book is that it is not limited to a wealth of biographical information. It reflects important aspects of the worldview and thinking of British intellectuals over the centuries. Wells himself also called his biography a kind of modern novel. This emphasis is noteworthy. Wells' work is the leading direction in the development of the novel today, his achievement of a biography novel, in which a documentary film is combined with elements of fictional narration. In this regard, it is interesting to observe in Biographical Experience how Wells developed the novel of the new period in his own way, combining his views and his ideas about man, as well as the way he described himself, because in this case, "Biographical experience before our eyes HG Wells not only as a writer, but also as the protagonist of a certain type of novel. In the opening chapter of “A Biographical Experience”, Wells writes about the human qualities needed by his contemporaries. Among these qualities, he emphasizes, first of all, the need to be active in life and strive for change. According to his writes that every conscious human being should lead a dynamic, active life, not be caught up in everyday worries and overly personal spiritual experiences, otherwise such an existence would mean decline for modern man. “An existence that once consisted of a flawless life has in many ways become just a shadow of life. Now people may ask what seemed unusual five hundred years ago. They say, "Yes, you make money for a living, you feed your family, you love, you hate, and then what?" [9,2]. This is the question Wells asks his contemporaries. He connects criticism of existing life with striving for the future. "The human life that I have shown as we understand it is just raw material that can be useful for this life.” Wells thinks to this important conclusion: the happiness of people depends on themselves, their strength, their desire and their willingness to achieve it. Wells does not develop this idea, but expresses it very clearly. His interpretation of the problem of personality in the work of Wells: "Introduction to the first Russian collected works" (publishing house "Rosehip") (1908); Foreword to George Mike's book "George Mike - Sanitary Equipment in the Water" (1910); Seven Famous Novels (1934); He is important in his articles on Chesterton and Bellock (1914). Wells creates his biography, the history of modern man on a deep psychological analysis of man's relationship

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 506 [email protected] Atamurodova Feruza Tashmuratovnaa with the environment. He is interested in a person in action, in the process of development Biographical experience” becomes the history of “mind and universe”. Wells is committed to the traditions of the Socialist Realism novel, in which he strongly opposes the separation of man from the social environment, which is typical of modernists. Wells understands the essence of the danger of individualism, which pervades the minds of people in bourgeois society. This is how he thinks the reasons for separation and loneliness. Wells writes about the dangers of subjectivity, which leads to exaggeration of personal experience and overestimation of oneself. All this taken together makes the content of Wales' comments on Wolfe, Proust and Lawrence understandable. Wolff's work did not interest Wells. Their well-written works and their own research on the application of experiments also left him indifferent. He was also indifferent to the work of his compatriot Marcel Proust. Wells argues with a certain determination that Proust created a kind of catalog for him that contains accurate information and reliable facts from life, and that he is not as interesting to him as the newspaper. Thoughts in this context were related to Wells' attempt to enrich the novel with current life problems. In his opinion, indifference to these problems cannot be justified by the specifics of skill and form.

3. METHODS AND RESULTS Many writers of the XX century create works in the style of "Biography". These are the works of many artists such as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf. Only in some of his novels, written before the First World War, the boldness of texture and the reliability of reality merged with each other, gaining integrity. Apart from The Invisible Men (1897), this feature is also seen in Tango Benga, a later novel in which a person devotes himself to science and escapes the clutches of mere fictions of his imagination, in a disorderly service to science. created. The main hero of the work is the scientist Griffin, who finds a formula that makes a person invisible. Griffin is an absolutely selfish personBecause he says very modestly: "A particle of doubt helps a person who has become a disciple." [5; 2, 119]. Wells is truly a naturalist and philosopher - he ends his horror novel with optimism: “I think everything should find consolation and hope not in ordinary everyday sorrows and sins, but in these eternal, all-encompassing laws.” [5; 1, 282]. In these two works, Wells synthesized important foundations of the early stages of creative activity. These novels intersect two main lines developing in the writer's work. They combine the features of science fiction and social novel. At different stages of the writer's creative activity, the interaction and interaction of the two bases is manifested in different forms and at different levels. Wells was a man of high intelligence who, throughout his life, resisted the emergence of personal interests as much as he could involuntarily... On the occasion of the 70th birthday of Karel Čapek Wells, he writes: “He has shown his uniqueness among contemporary writers and thinkers; as a writer, he focuses his interest on utopian fiction and fiction with documentary realism and an extensive book science, and as a world thinker and orientalist, he covers all of world history, natural sciences, economics and politics with striking depth and originality... Now, neither science nor philosophy can dare to create a synthesis like Aristotle, which the writer Wells can resist ..."[1; 416]. The desire to think and act compares Wells' blind obedience to situations. Machiavelli's novel draws attention to Wells' characteristic - the comparison of people with two opposing worldviews with the characteristics of a real citizen and a self-serving person. “The main reason for our debates, our conflict, in my opinion, lies in this conflict, in this irreconcilable contradiction, in the fact that this antagonism lies at the basis of all human relations, ideas and existing procedures, that is, the conflict between ideas and violence. The purpose of life for me and for people, in my opinion, is, first of all, to touch his soul with this world, to oppress him and restore it. We ask questions to everyone, we do not leave anyone indifferent to our

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 507 [email protected] Concepts of Real Humans in Social Science Fiction questions, because we firmly believe that the possibilities of good order are hidden in the chaos that surrounds our being with our emotions” [6, 88]. Wells contrasts such people with those who "accept everything as truth, who are impatient with research and analysis, who fear and oppose change, who rebel against experimentation, and who hate science. "Yu. Kagarlitsky writes the following clear thoughts about the peculiarities of Wells's views on man: Man in his daily life still lives in the "Newton" world. However, as a representative of modern knowledge, he is now mastering the world of "Einstein". Every person has a piece of an “abstract” person. But at the same time, he is a specific person with his place on the front of the social struggle, his view of justice, his conscience and his concerns. Wells strove for an art that could provide such a complex understanding of the world and man. Therefore, it was very difficult, he tried, he experimented, he destroyed what was created” [2, 275]. In the 1908 and 1934 prefaces, Wells explains why he turned to science fiction. He considers the creation of science fiction novels and sociological research a necessary step in the creation of novels about modern man. “Before describing the life of this or that person, I must study for myself, for example, by my own personal example, those conditions of social life in which we swim like a fish in water” [7, 297-298]. After that, he wrote “Prophecy” (1901) and “Modern Utopia” (1905). In them Wells tried to see the world as "a kind of evolving system"; he wanted to know his future and define his place in it. He wrote about the limitless possibilities of the human mind in his science fiction novels. He was interested in problems arising from scientific discoveries and inventions. However, Wells saw in him only a stage in the creation of a realistic novel about modern life. “I hope,” he wrote in 1908, “that after all the preparations, I will finally focus on writing novels for everyday life, and I will be devoted to this work for years to come.” “Real life seems to me more and more fantastic and colorful, - said Wells. Over the years, he became more interested in people's “individual experiences”. He wrote less about Fantastic Elements, and his storytelling style is also changing. In Welsh novels, man has always been associated with the world. At different stages of creative activity, the writer emphasizes different sides of this universe. In his fantastic works, written in different years, elements of the supernatural were strongly manifested. Wells learned the secrets of artistic illusion. This draws the reader's attention to imaginary interpretations and encourages him to think creatively. He also achieves this because he conducts his creative research in a manner established by science... But in “Time Machine”, “World War II” and “The Invisible Man”, Wells seeks to make his story "real and humane." “Interest in all events of this type is provided not by the fiction itself, but by non- fantastic elements. These events focus on the reader's emotions, as do “empathy” novels. The fantastic element - whether it concerns wondrous people or the exotic world - is only used to vividly express and amplify our usual emotions of surprise, fear, and confusion. The fantastic discovery is still spontaneous - nothing, unthinkable stupidity and weirdness occurs when illiterate writers resort to this type of literature without understanding this guiding principle. Anyone can imagine inverted people, a non-gravity or two-sided round stone - the worlds of dumbbells. When this daily lifestyle changes, curiosity arises and all other miracles are forgotten. Then the story becomes humanize” [7, 350]. In “Time Machine”, Wells took an important lead not only to the future of science, but also into the artistic mind's perception of time. He combined the cyclical and linear concepts of the period; The past, present and future in this novel are, in a sense, moments. Gor Verbinsk and Simon Wells (the author's grandson) kept it when they showed the novel in 2002. It is no coincidence that the talented Joseph Conrad, who considered himself a student of Wells, called his great contemporary "the historian of the ages to comeJulius Kagarlitsky adds: “Wells can be called the historian of the next millennium. But, he reappears as a thousand-year historian not only about the future, but also about the past

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“on the island of Dr. Moreau”. In fact, he has reached the last limit. Edward Prendyk sees that the entire history of civilization takes place in a half months. A young man who had attended Professor Huxley's course (not a Welsh schoolboy) was shipwrecked, straightened a small sailing ship called Ipequana, and witnessed an emergency. [1, 186]. Real in Wells' novels is based on the fact that by observing "human emotions and moods from a new perspective," he turns to the details of the everyday events he originally described. The result of the research he used was man and his “individual experiences”. But Wells is never limited to "the domain of individual experience." Over the years, this was reflected in the author's novels of the late 20s - 30s. In them, fiction is subordinated to the tasks of depicting important events of that period, giving way to some strange and frightening events in real life, completely contrary to the principles of good. In their (remarkably similar to E. Zamyatin's novel We, 1924) by Huxley G. Inspired by Wells' glorious utopia of I Like Gods (1923), pre-war British intellectuals dispel the basic illusion of a state based on technocratic ideals, equal opportunity for positive values. But in the 1930s, novels were written on contemporary themes. In “an article about Chesterton and Bellock”, Wells writes: “... I want most people in the world to live under socialism ... We strive for a happy life for everyone without exception, so that all people are healthy and prosperous, free and satisfied with their activities in society, live life like children picking flowers in the field ... I approve of Chesterton, because the most important thing in life is to devote oneself to one's neighbor with love and brotherhood, to be able to mobilize all one's strength for him” [7, 334-335]. Wells is begun in the study of modern society, reflecting on the person and his future. The destiny of an individual interested him no less than the destiny of the world and humanity. He believed that the consistent and sustainable growth of humanity can be achieved by "creating conditions for the full and free development of the individual." Wells does not idealize man and life, but believes in their perfection, observing their movement and change. According his thought “A person wakes up and determines his path to the future”. He still faces the great challenge of uniting millions of disparate people into a single human community. Wells calls the conquest of our planet "just the dawn of human existence." He believes that in time human “will reach other planets and make the sun, the great source of heat and light, serve him. He tries with his intellect to solve the problem of personal contradictions within himself, to curb jealousy and other destructive passions” [7, 365]. Wells' book “The Adventures of Humanity “(1914) is seen as a discussion of the modernist concept of man. This hymn, which sounded like a protest against human insecurity and proof of his helplessness, honors the person and his mental capacity. Wells's article was written while Joyce was writing Ulysses, Lawrence argued for the power of instinct in Rainbow (1915), and Wolfe was writing The Journey (1915) when he set foot on the literary way.

4. CONCLUSION In short, the metaphorical nature of a science fiction novel is that its social, moral and psychological aspects reflect to some extent a unified view of the symbolic cosmic meaning of life. Wells describes human as "the master of his planet, carrying countless destinies in the stellar silence of outer space." Such was Wales' views on the role of the novel and the concept of man inherent in his pre-war work. At the same time - at the beginning of the First World War - Wells writes about man as a creator and creator, telling about his consistent movement forward to master the secrets of the universe. Man “has conquered the scepter of the universe (the stick of the kingdom) and no longer wants to put up with his fate”; "Man resists existing conditions" and "it is impossible to curb the extent of his power." All the achievements of man are due to his intellect. Wells believes that it is possible to discover the mysteries of the universe, and that the discovery of existing mysteries is only a

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 509 [email protected] Concepts of Real Humans in Social Science Fiction matter of time. “And this movement, which occurred at an ever-increasing speed, was associated with the growth and acceleration of the human mind, improvement through the development of speech and writing. All this happened as events contrary to the powerful instinct that made human the most belligerent of all creatures; all this happened despite the fact that nature is trying to take revenge on man for his rebellion, for going against the established order, and from time to time causes unheard of diseases and, at least, a general plague. The first step taken was manifested as a consistent and necessary result of the first incomprehensible spark of purposeful thought during the period of still animal existence of man” [7, 363]

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