AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES 17th edition (2018). MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb

Genus Apallaga Strand, 1911

Strand, 1911. Entomologische Rundschau 28: 143 (143-144). Type-species: Apallaga separata Strand, 1911, by original designation.

The genus Apallaga belongs to the Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809; Subfamily Pyrginae Burmeister, 1878; Tribe Celaenorrhinini Swinhoe, 1912. Other genera of the Tribe Celaenorrhini in the Afrotropical Region are Ortholexis, Katreus, Celaenorrhinus, Scopulifera, Bettonula, Eretis, Sarangesa, Alenia and Triskelionia.

The species in Apallaga (Sprites) were included in Celaenorrhinus until Libert (2014a) removed them and placed them in the resurrected genus Apallaga Strand, 1911. The genus is Afrotropical and currently includes 69 described species.

Libert (2014a) arranged the Afrotropical species into 13 clades, as follows:

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Clade galenus A. galenus (Fabricius, 1793); A. ghanaensis Libert, 2014; A. belcastroi Libert, 2014; A. galkasa Libert, 2014; A. alluaudi (Mabille & Boullet, 1916); A. fulgens fulgens (Mabille, 1877); A. fulgens magna Libert, 2014; A. fulgens montanus Libert, 2014; A. minuta Libert, 2014; A. oreas Libert, 2014; A. beni beni (Bethune-Baker, 1908); A. beni centralis Libert, 2014; A. jackquelinae jackquelinae (Miller, 1971); A. jackquelinae michelae Libert, 2014; A. opalinus (Butler, 1901); A. kakamegae Libert, 2014; A. rwandae Libert, 2014; A. menageshae Libert, 2014; A. biseriata biseriata (Butler, 1888); A. biseriata maculata (Hampson, 1891); A. biseriata reducta Libert, 2014; A. uluguru (Kielland, 1990); A. hecqui (Berger, 1976). Clade intermixtus A. intermixtus (Aurivillius, 1896); A. evansi (Berger, 1975); A. lourentis (de Jong, 1976); A. bergeri Libert, 2014; A. kivuensis (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). Clade pooanus A. pooanus pooanus (Aurivillius, 1910); A. pooanus obscuripennis (Strand, 1913). Clade bakola A. bakola (Miller, 1964). Clade milleri A. milleri (Collins & Larsen, 2003); A. abriana Libert, 2014; A. jacksoni Libert, 2014. Clade homeyeri A. homeyeri homeyeri (Plötz, 1880); A. homeyeri fracta Libert, 2014; A. homeyeri kiellandi Libert, 2014; A. ankasa ankasa (Larsen & Miller, 2005); A. ankasa warreni Libert, 2014. Clade boadicea A. boadicea boadicea (Hewitson, 1877); A. boadicea howarthi (Berger, 1976); A. selysi (Berger, 1955); A. leona (Berger, 1975). Clade meditrina A. meditrina (Hewitson, 1877); A. vicariana Libert, 2014; A. ovalis ovalis (Evans, 1937); A. ovalis obsoleta Libert, 2014; A. medustris Libert, 2014; A. ovastris Libert, 2014; A. vandeweghei Libert, 2014; A. confusa confusa Libert, 2014; A. confusa occidentalis Libert, 2014; A. perconfusa Libert, 2014; A. illustris (Mabille, 1891); A. elongata Libert, 2014; A. brattstromi Libert, 2014; A. incredibilis Libert, 2014; A. mona (Evans, 1937); A. rodolphi Libert, 2014; A. maiana Libert, 2014; A. aureus (Collins & Larsen, 2005); A. stewarti Libert, 2014; A. perlustris (Rebel, 1914); A. katangensis katangensis (Berger, 1976); A. katangensis eala Libert, 2014; A. katangensis minor Libert, 2014; A. daroa (Evans, 1937); A. adora Libert, 2014; A. darlustris Libert, 2014; A. inexpectata Libert, 2014. Clade mokeezi A. mokeezi mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857); A. mokeezi separata (Strand, 1911). Clade chrysoglossa A. chrysoglossa (Mabille, 1891). Clade rutilans A. rutilans rutilans (Mabille, 1877); A. rutilans banguianus Libert, 2014; A. cuypersi Libert, 2014; A. ducarmei Libert, 2014; A. ashanti Libert, 2014); A. safiani Libert, 2014; A. kasai kasai (Evans, 1956); A. kasai kapangana (Berger, 1976); A. orientalis Libert, 2014; A. suzannae (Berger, 1976). Clade kimboza A. kimboza (Evans, 1949); A. sanjeensis (Kielland, 1990); A. cordeironis (Kielland, 1992). Incertae sedis A. rubeho (Kielland, 1990).

2 *Apallaga galenus (Fabricius, 1793) Common Orange Sprite

Hesperia galenus Fabricius, 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 350 (488pp.). Celaenorrhinus galenus (Fabricius, 1793). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. [Referable to biseriata] Celaenorrhinus galenus (Fabricius, 1793). Pringle et al., 1994: 310. [Referable to biseriata] Apallaga galenus (Fabricius, 1793). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 123 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Apallaga galenus. Male (Wingspan 32 mm). Left: upperside; right: underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Apallaga galenus. Female (Wingspan 35 mm). Left: upperside; right: underside. Aburi Botanical Garden, Ghana. 28 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Africa]: “in Indiis”. [False locality.] Sierra Leone: “Freetown” designated as type locality (Larsen, 2005a: 473). Libert (2014: 123) designated a Neotype and Neallotype. Neotype male: “Mogbaima, near Moro River, Malema District, Sierra Leone, 18-22 I 2011 (Safian, Sz.).” Neallotype female: “Mogbaima, near Moro River, Malema District, Sierra Leone, 18-22 I 2011 (Safian, Sz.).” These types are in the A.B.R.I. collection, Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga galenus

Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin.

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Distribution: Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin. The many records, by numerous authors, of galenus from countries east of Benin are erroneous. Specific localities: Senegal – Basse Casamance (Larsen, 2005a); Dakar (Libert, 2014a); Ziguinchor (Libert, 2014a). Guinea – Conakry (Libert, 2014a); Labe (Libert, 2014a). Sierra Leone – Freetown (TL); Mogbaima (Libert, 2014a). Liberia – Putu (Libert, 2014a). Ivory Coast – Banco (Libert, 2014a). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009); Kumasi (Libert, 2014a); Kyabobo (Libert, 2014a). Togo – Badou (Libert, 2014a). Benin – Niaouli forest (Libert, 2014a) Habitat: Forest, including degraded forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a common butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Males fly around ‘parade grounds’ some five metres in diameter at great speeds, early in the morning (08:00 to 09:00) (Larsen, 2005a). Condamin (vide Berger, 1968), in Senegal, found individuals asleep early in the morning inside the flowers of Ipomoea palmata. A similar phenomenon, involving the same plant but with Pteroteinon laufella as the slumbering species, was noted by Larsen in Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Clerodendrum paniculatum (Verbenaceae) [Vuattoux, 1999 vide Larsen, 2005a – this is a nectaring plant not a larval food plant (Cock & Congdon, 2011b: 22]. Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R. Br. (= verticillaris auct.) (Acanthaceae) [Vuattoux, 1999; Ivory Coast].

*Apallaga ghanaensis Libert, 2014

Apallaga ghanaensis Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 124 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Ghana: Holotype male: “Kibi, Atewa, I 2013 (R. Vogas / S. Yevu).” The Holotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga ghanaensis

Ghana, Togo, Benin.

Distribution: Ghana, Togo, Benin. Specific localities: Ghana – Kibi (TL). Togo – Badou (Libert, 2014a).

4 Benin – Niaouli forest (Libert, 2014a); Penelan forest (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga belcastroi Libert, 2014

Apallaga belcastroi Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 125 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Sierra Leone: Holotype male: “Peninsula, Guma Valley, 25 XII 1982 (C. Belcastro); genitalia Libert 114-104.” Allotype female: “Peninsula, Guma Valley, VI 1982 (C. Belcastro); genitalia Libert 114-105.” The types are in the M.N.H.N., Paris.

Distribution of Apallaga belcastroi

Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast.

Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast. Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Guma Valley near Freetown (TL); Big Water near Freetown (Libert, 2014a); Bumbuna (Libert, 2014a); Kasewe (Libert, 2014a); Kholifa (Libert, 2014a); Moyamba (Libert, 2014a); Mt Loma (Libert, 2014a); Tiwai Island (Libert, 2014a); Waama (Libert, 2014a); Gola forest (Libert, 2014a). Liberia – Gola forest (Libert, 2014a); Lake Piso near Monrovia (Libert, 2014a); Mt Blei (Libert, 2014a); Mt Beeton (Libert, 2014a); Putu Range (Libert, 2014a). Ivory Coast – Man (Libert, 2014a); Gooupleu near Danane (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga galkasa Libert, 2014

Apallaga galkasa Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 127 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Ghana: Holotype female: “Tano Ofin, IX 2005 (ABRI leg.).” Allotype male: “Sagamase Kibi, Atewa Mts, VII 1998 (ABRI leg.).” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

5 Distribution of Apallaga galkasa

Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo.

Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo. Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Moyamba (Libert, 2014a); Tiwai Island (Libert, 2014a); Gola forest (Libert, 2014a). Liberia – Putu range (Libert, 2014a). Ivory Coast – Sipilou (Libert, 2014a); Yeale (Libert, 2014a); Tai (Libert, 2014a); Azagny (Libert, 2014a); Lamto (Libert, 2014a). Ghana – Tano Ofin (TL), Sagamase Kibi (Allotype); Bia (Libert, 2014a); Likpe (Libert, 2014a); Pampusu (Libert, 2014a). Togo – Badou (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga alluaudi (Mabille & Boullet, 1916)

Male Apallaga alluaudi. Kibale Forest, Uganda. October 2014. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Celaenorrhinus galenus var. alluaudi Mabille & Boullet, 1916. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1916: 244 (243-247). Synonym of Celaenorrhinus galenus galenus (Fabricius, 1793). Ackery, et al., 1995. Apallaga alluaudi (Mabille & Boullet, 1916). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 129 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: [Tanzania]: Holotype: “Neu-Moshi, Kilimandjaro Sud Est, 800 m – St. 72, Afrique Orientale Allemande, IV 1912 (Alluaud & Jeannel).” The holotype is in the M.N.H.N., Paris.

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Distribution of Apallaga alluaudi

Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Angola, Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe.

Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Angola, Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe. Specific localities: Cameroon – Ngaoundere (Libert, 2014a); Mt Cameroon (Libert, 2014a); Mt Kupe (Libert, 2014a); Mt Tabenken (Libert, 2014a). Equatorial Guinea – Bioko (Libert, 2014a). Gabon – Lake Evaro (Libert, 2014a). Angola – Benguela (Libert, 2014a). Congo – Etoumbi (Libert, 2014a). Central African Republic – Bangui (Libert, 2014a). Sudan – Tembura (Libert, 2014a). Kenya – Kakamega (Libert, 2014a). Tanzania – Moshi (TL). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga fulgens (Mabille, 1877)

Pardaleodes fulgens Mabille, 1877. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 2: 236 (214-240). Synonym of Celaenorrhinus galenus galenus. Ackery, et al., 1995. Apallaga fulgens (Mabille, 1877). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 132 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: [Angola]: Holotype male: “Congo”. [False locality because the nominate subspecies does not occur in either the Congo Republic or the Democratic Republic of Congo]. Libert (2014: 132) designates a Neallotype. Neallotype female: “Mbebe, Cameroun, 23 V 1987 (M. Libert); genitalia Libert 109-011.” The Holotype is in the N.H.M., London and the Neallotype is in the M.N.H.N., Paris.

7 Distribution of Apallaga fulgens

Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola [ssp. fulgens – red dots]

Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic [ssp. magna – green dots]

Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda [ssp. montanus – blue dots]

Distribution: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda. Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Apallaga fulgens fulgens (Mabille, 1877)

Pardaleodes fulgens Mabille, 1877. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 2: 236 (214-240). Synonym of Celaenorrhinus galenus galenus. Ackery, et al., 1995. Apallaga fulgens fulgens (Mabille, 1877). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 132 (272 pp.).

Type locality: [Angola]: Holotype male: “Congo”. [False locality because the nominate subspecies does not occur in either the Congo Republic or the Democratic Republic of Congo]. Libert (2014: 132) designates a Neallotype. Neallotype female: “Mbebe, Cameroun, 23 V 1987 (M. Libert); genitalia Libert 109-011.” The Holotype is in the N.H.M., London and the Neallotype is in the M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mbebe (Neallotype); Yaounde (Libert, 2014a); Maan (Libert, 2014a); 80 km south of Mintom (Libert, 2014a). Gabon – Minkebe N.P. (Libert, 2014a); Lope N.P. (Libert, 2014a); Loango N.P. (Libert, 2014a); Kangwe (Libert, 2014a). Angola – Salazar (Dallatando) (Libert, 2014a).

Apallaga fulgens magna Libert, 2014

Apallaga fulgens magna Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 133 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Central African Republic: Holotype female: “Botambi, XII 17 (S.C. Collins).” The holotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kwokoro (Libert, 2014a). Central African Republic – Botambi (TL); Mokpoto (Libert, 2014a); Yakoli (Libert, 2014a).

8 Apallaga fulgens montanus Libert, 2014

Apallaga fulgens montanus Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 134 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Pateka, N Kivu, VI 2012; (ABRI leg.).” Allotype female: “Kanyambia, 10 km SW Lubero, Kivu, X 2012; (ABRI leg.).” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Pateka (TL); Kanyambia (Allotype); Albert N.P. (Libert, 2014a); Mt Hoyo (Libert, 2014a); Semliki (Libert, 2014a); Kasugho (Libert, 2014a). Uganda – Bwamba (Libert, 2014a).

*Apallaga minuta Libert, 2014

Apallaga minuta Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 134 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Central African Republic: Holotype female: “Yakoli, X 1997 (S.C. Collins).” Allotype male: “Yakoli, V 1996 (S.C. Collins).” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga minuta

Central African Republic.

Distribution: Central African Republic. Specific localities: Central African Republic – Yakoli (TL); Ngobo (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga oreas Libert, 2014

Apallaga oreas Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 135 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype male: “Mont Tabenken, 1800-2000 m, 21 VI 1989 (M. Libert); genitalia Libert 109-004.” Allotype female: “in cop. avec l’holotype; genitalia Libert 109-105.” The types are in the M.N.H.N., Paris. 9

Distribution of Apallaga oreas

Nigeria, Cameroon.

Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Obudu Plateau (Libert, 2014a); Mambilla Plateau (Libert, 2014a). Cameroon – Mount Tabenken (TL); Mt Bana (Libert, 2014a); Mt Kupe (Libert, 2014a); Mt Manengouba (Libert, 2014a); Mt Mbam (Libert, 2014a); Mt Oku (Libert, 2014a); Mt Rumpi (Libert, 2014a); Babadjou (Mt Bamboutos) (Libert, 2014a); Bafut Ngema forestry reserve (Libert, 2014a); Kumbo (Libert, 2014a); Tchabel Mbabo (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga beni (Bethune-Baker, 1908)

Celaenorrhinus beni Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 479 (469-482). Apallaga beni (Bethune-Baker, 1908). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 138 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Makala-Beni, Congo Free State”. Libert (2014: 138) designated a Lectotype and Neallotype. Lectotype male: “Beni-Makala, VII 1906 (Powell-Cotton).” Neallotype female: “Beni, Ituri, 4000 ft, XII 1946 (T.H.E. Jackson); BMNH(E) # 983836.” These types are in the N.H.M., London.

10 Distribution of Apallaga beni

Democratic Republic of Congo [ssp. beni – red dots]

Democratic Republic of Congo [ssp. centralis – green dots]

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Apallaga beni beni (Bethune-Baker, 1908)

Celaenorrhinus beni Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 479 (469-482). Apallaga beni beni (Bethune-Baker, 1908). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): (272 pp.).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Makala-Beni, Congo Free State”. Libert (2014: 138) designated a Lectotype and Neallotype. Lectotype male: “Beni-Makala, VII 1906 (Powell-Cotton).” Neallotype female: “Beni, Ituri, 4000 ft, XII 1946 (T.H.E. Jackson); BMNH(E) # 983836.” These types are in the N.H.M., London. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east – Ituri). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Makala-Beni (TL); Beni (Neallotype); Irumu (Libert, 2014a); Kasuo (Libert, 2014a); Mt Hoyo (Libert, 2014a); Biakatu (Libert, 2014a); Kithokolo (Libert, 2014a); Makele (Libert, 2014a); Mapimbi (Libert, 2014a); Muleke (Libert, 2014a); Pateka (Libert, 2014a).

Apallaga beni centralis Libert, 2014

Apallaga beni centralis Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 140 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Kuma, South-Ubangi, 3 VII 2004 (F. Cuypers); genitalia Libert 111-092; BOLD: MLIB-0056.” The Holotype is in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central and west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kuma (TL); Budjalla (Libert, 2014a); Kwokoro (Libert, 2014a); Mbandaka (Libert, 2014a); Kisangani (Libert, 2014a); Bena-Tshiadi (Libert, 2014a).

*Apallaga jacquelinae (Miller, 1971)

11 Celaenorrhinus beni jacquelinae Miller, 1971. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (2): 2 (17 pp.). Apallaga jacquelinae (Miller, 1971). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 141 (272 pp.). n. comb., stat. rev.

Type locality: Congo: “French Congo, Etoumbi”. Holotype male: “Etoumbi, Congo (ex coll. Le Moult); genitalia L.D. Miller n° 2185.” The Holotype is in the Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Distribution of Apallaga jacquelinae

Gabon, Congo [ssp. jacquelinae – red dots]

Cameroon [ssp. michelae – green dots]

Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Apallaga jacquelinae jacquelinae (Miller, 1971)

Celaenorrhinus beni jacquelinae Miller, 1971. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (2): 2 (17 pp.). Apallaga jacquelinae jacquelinae (Miller, 1971). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): (272 pp.).

Type locality: Congo: “French Congo, Etoumbi”. Holotype male: “Etoumbi, Congo (ex coll. Le Moult); genitalia L.D. Miller n° 2185.” The Holotype is in the Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Distribution: Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Langoue, Ivindo National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Ogowe (Libert, 2014a). Congo – Etoumbi (TL); Kelle (Libert, 2014a); Mambili (Libert, 2014a).

Apallaga jacquelinae michelae Libert, 2014

Apallaga jacquelinae michelae Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 141 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype male: “Mont Febe, Yaounde, env. 1000 m, 23 II 1984 (M. Libert); genitalia Libert 109-045.” Allotype female: “in copula avec le mâle holotype; genitalia Libert 109- 046.” The types are in the M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities:

12 Cameroon – Mount Febe (TL); Deng Deng (Libert, 2014a); north of Bertoua (Libert, 2014a); Nguila (Libert, 2014a); Ototomo (Libert, 2014a); Ebogo (Libert, 2014a); Mekas (Libert, 2014a); Dja (Libert, 2014a); Bitje (Libert, 2014a); Nyazanga (Libert, 2014a); Djoum (Libert, 2014a); Mintom (Libert, 2014a).

*Apallaga opalinus (Butler, 1901)

Celaenorrhinus opalinus Butler, 1901. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1900: 942 (911-946). Celaenorrhinus galenus opalinus Butler, 1901. Larsen, 1991c. Synonym of Celaenorrhinus galenus galenus (Fabricius, 1793). Ackery, et al., 1995. Apallaga opalinus (Butler, 1901). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 143 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: [Kenya]: “Roromo”. Holotype male: “Roroma, Kikuyu, 18 II 1900 (R. Crawshay).” Allotype female: “Roroma, Kikuyu, 23 III 1900 (R. Crawshay).” The types are in the N.H.M., London.

Distribution of Apallaga opalinus

Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania.

Distribution: Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania. Specific localities: Sudan – Imatong mountains (Libert, 2014a). Uganda – Murongole near Kaabong (Libert, 2014a); Mt Napak (Libert, 2014a); Mt Kadam (Libert, 2014a); Mabira (Libert, 2014a); Katera (Libert, 2014a). Kenya – Roroma (TL); Saiwa N.P. (Libert, 2014a); Lului Island (Libert, 2014a); near Nairobi (Libert, 2014a); Mt Meru (Libert, 2014a). Rwanda – Nyungwe (Libert, 2014a); Rugege forest (Libert, 2014a). Burundi – Ndora (Libert, 2014a); Bugarama (Libert, 2014a); Kigwena (Libert, 2014a). Tanzania – Minziro (Libert, 2014a); Rumanyika (Libert, 2014a); Loliondo (Libert, 2014a); Sitebi (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Forest (Cock & Congdon, 2011b). Habits: Adults come readily to flowers and will sun themselves on the upper surface of leaves. Normally they rest under leaves (Cock & Congdon, 2011b). While feeding or resting the wings are held flat (Cock & Congdon, 2011b). Early stages:

Cock & Congdon, 2011b: 24 [ovum, larva & pupa].

Cock et al., 2017 [final instar larva; fig. 18].

Larval food: Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Sol. Ex Roem. & Schult. (Acanthaceae) [(Cock & Congdon, 2011b); Nairobi,

13 Kenya]. Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R. Br. (= verticillaris auct.) (Acanthaceae) [Cock & Congdon, 2011b; Kisii, Kenya). Justicia flava (Vahl) Vahl (Acanthaceae) [Cock & Congdon, 2011b; Kakamega, Kenya]

jeanneli Mabille & Boullet, 1916 (as var. of Celaenorrhinus opalinus). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1916: 245 (243-247). Afrique Orientale anglaise”. Type in the M.N.H.N., Paris. Synonym of Apallaga opalinus (Butler, 1901) (Libert, 2014: 143).

bryki Aurivillius, 1925 (as sp. of Celaenorrhinus). Entomologisk Tidskrift 46: 211 (206-212). [Kenya]: “Elgon”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/b). Synonym of Apallaga opalinus (Butler, 1901) (Libert, 2014: 143).

*Apallaga kakamegae Libert, 2014

Apallaga kakamegae Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 145 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Kenya: Holotype male: “Kakamega, 1650 m, 15 VIII 2004 (S.C. Collins).” Allotype female: “Kakamega, VII 1999 (S.C. Collins).” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga kakamegae

Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya.

Distribution: Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya. Specific localities: Ethiopia – Bonga (Libert, 2014); Gore (Libert, 2014); Gecha River (Libert, 2014); Shashamene (Libert, 2014); Supe (Libert, 2014); Youbdo (Libert, 2014); Bishangari forest near Lake Langano (Libert, 2014); Ouallaga (Libert, 2014). Sudan – Imatong mountains (Libert, 2014). Uganda – Jinja (Libert, 2014); Sipi near Mt Elgon (Libert, 2014). Kenya – Kakamega Forest (TL); Mau forest (Libert, 2014); Masai Mara (Libert, 2014); Lolgorien (Libert, 2014); Mt Meru (Libert, 2014). Habitat: Forest. Early stages:

Cock et al., 2017 [final instar larva; fig. 19].

Larval food: Justicia flava (Vahl) Vahl (Acanthaceae) [Cock et al., 2017; Kakamega, Kenya]

14

*Apallaga rwandae Libert, 2014

Apallaga rwandae Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 146 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Rwanda: Holotype male “Cyamudongo f. nr Nyungwe, V 2009 (ABRI leg.).” Allotype female: “Cyamudongo f., 5000 ft, 29 XI 2009 (S. Collins).” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga rwandae

Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Idjwi Island, Lake Kivu (Libert, 2014a). Rwanda – Cyamudongo Forest (TL); Nyungwe forest (Libert, 2014a); Mpanga forest (Libert, 2014a); Rusumu (Libert, 2014a). Burundi – Kitega (Libert, 2014a); Bugarama (Libert, 2014a); Kigwena (Libert, 2014a); Lake Nyanza (Libert, 2014a); Bubunzu (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga menageshae Libert, 2014

Apallaga menageshae Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 148 (272 pp.).

Apallaga menageshae. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Boter Becho, Ethiopia. 28 September 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

15

Apallaga menageshae. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Boter Becho, Ethiopia. 28 September 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Type locality: Ethiopia: Holotype male: “Mt Menagesha, NW Addis Abeba, 2900 m, 8 IX 2010 (C.J. Callaghan).” Allotype female: “Mt Menagesha, NW Addis Abeba, 2900 m, 8 IX 2010 (C.J. Callaghan).” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga menageshae

Eritrea, Ethiopia.

Distribution: Eritrea, Ethiopia. Specific localities: Eritrea – Solomona, north of Asmara (Libert, 2014a) Ethiopia – Mount Menagesha (TL); Djem Djem (Libert, 2014a); Ghedo (Libert, 2014a); Hobeta forest near Dire Dawa (Libert, 2014a); Abulcassim (Libert, 2014a); Shashemene (Libert, 2014a); Gimera (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga biseriata (Butler, 1888)

Plesioneura biseriata Butler, 1888. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888: 97 (91-98). Synonym of Celaenorrhinus galenus (Fabricius, 1793). Ackery et al., 1995: 62. Celaenorrhinus galenus biseriata (Butler, 1888). Congdon & Collins, 1998: 12. Apallaga biseriata (Butler, 1888). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 149 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Kilima-njaro”. Holotype male: “Kilimandjaro, (F.J. Jackson); BMNH(E) # 983844.” Neallotype female: “Kilimandjaro West, 4500-5000 ft, V-VII 1938; BMNH(E) # 983845.”

16 The types are in the N.H.M., London.

Distribution of Apallaga biseriata

Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania. [ssp. biseriata – red dots]

Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe. [ssp. maculata – green dots ]

Malawi, Zambia. [ssp. reducta – blue dot]

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe. Habitat: Forest. Early stages:

Cock & Congdon, 2011b: 29 [ovum, larva, pupa]

Larval food: Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult. (Acanthaceae) [Congdon & Bampton in CRG database, 2016; Lufisi River, Tanzania]. Justicia sp. (Acanthaceae) [Sevastopulo, vide Cock & Congdon, 2011b; Kwale, Kenya].

Apallaga biseriata biseriata (Butler, 1888)

Plesioneura biseriata Butler, 1888. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888: 97 (91-98). Synonym of Celaenorrhinus galenus (Fabricius, 1793). Ackery et al., 1995: 62. Celaenorrhinus galenus biseriata (Butler, 1888). Congdon & Collins, 1998: 12. Apallaga biseriata biseriata (Butler, 1888). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): (272 pp.).

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Kilima-njaro”. Holotype male: “Kilimandjaro, (F.J. Jackson); BMNH(E) # 983844.” Neallotype female: “Kilimandjaro West, 4500-5000 ft, V-VII 1938; BMNH(E) # 983845.” The types are in the N.H.M., London. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Kenya (east), Tanzania (north-east). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – north-west of Ufer (Libert, 2014a). Burundi – Bugarama (Libert, 2014a); Kigwena (Libert, 2014a). Kenya – Namanga (Libert, 2014a). Tanzania – Kilimanjaro (TL); Usambara Mountains (Mabille & Boullet, 1916); Kimboza Forest, Morogoro (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Arusha (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Kamagambo (Libert, 2014a); Mahale (Libert, 2014a); Loliondo (Libert, 2014a); Kondoa (Libert, 2014a); Longido (Libert, 2014a); Mt Kwaraha (Libert, 2014a); Mt Meru (Libert, 2014a); Mt Oldeani (Libert, 2014a).

Apallaga biseriata maculata (Hampson, 1891)

17

Coladenia maculata Hampson, 1891. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 183 (179-184). Synonym of Celaenorrhinus galenus galenus (Fabricius, 1793). Ackery, et al., 1995. Apallaga biseriata maculata (Hampson, 1891). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 151 (272 pp.). n. comb., stat. rev.

Apallaga biseriata maculata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 37mm. Mt. Selinda, S. Rhodesia. 28.2.54. H. Cookson. (Transvaal Museum – TM2759).

Apallaga biseriata maculata. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. 10 km after Makindu, Kenya. 24 April 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Type locality: [Kenya]: “Sabaki River, East Africa”. Holotype male: “Sabaki, (K. Anstruther); BMNH(E) # 983842.” Neallotype female: “Kibwezi, I 1917 (W. Feather); BMNH(E) # 983846.” The types are in the N.H.M., London. Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (east). Specific localities: Kenya – Shimba Hills (Evans, 1937); Kibwezi (Evans, 1937); Nairobi (Libert, 2014a); Thuguri, Mt Meru (Libert, 2014a) Chyulu Hills (Libert, 2014a). Tanzania – Iringa, Mufindi (TL; Collins ex Bampton); Iboma, Njombe (Kielland); Iringa, Magombazi (Kielland); Songea, Kitesa Forest Reserve (Kielland); Kigoma, Lukandamira (Kielland); Kigoma, Mahale (Kielland); Mpwapwa, Njoge (Kielland); Mpwapwa, Kiboriani Mountain (Kielland); Kilosa, Mandege Mountain (Kielland); Matengo Hills (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Morogoro (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Crater Highlands (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Loliondo (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Arusha (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Mt Meru (Libert, 2014a); Rondo plateau (Libert, 2014a); Milo (Libert, 2014a). Malawi – Zomba Mountain (Congdon et al., 2010); Blantyre (Libert, 2014a); Mulanje (Libert, 2014a); Kasitu near Dedza (Libert, 2014a); Nkhata Bay (Libert, 2014a). Mozambique – Amatongas (Chitty); Mt. Mabu (Congdon & Bampton, 2009); Mount Inago (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mecula [-12.0772 37.6297] (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013); Mt Namalu (Libert, 2014a). Zimbabwe – Mazowe (Pringle et al., 1994); Vumba Mountains (A. Duke); Mutare (Pringle et al., 1994); Mount Selinda (male illustrated above); Dichwe (Libert, 2014a); Harare district (Libert, 2014a); Shamwa (Libert, 2014a).

18 hoehneli Rogenhofer, 1891 (as sp. of Plesioneura). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 6: 463 (455-466). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Maranga”. Type in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. Synonym of Apallaga biseriata maculata (Hampson, 1891) (Libert, 2014: 270).

Apallaga biseriata reducta Libert, 2014

Apallaga biseriata reducta Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 152 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Malawi: Holotype male: “Nyika, Malawi-Zambia border, 7000 ft (J.D. Handman); genitalia Berger H.1182.” Allotype female: “W Nyika, Malawi-Zambia border, 6800 ft (J.D. Handman); genitalia Berger H.1183.” The Types are in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium. Distribution: Malawi, Zambia. Specific localities: Malawi – Nyika (TL). Zambia – Manyenjere, Nyika (Collins); Mafinga Mountains (Collins ex Fisher) (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

*Apallaga handmani (Collins & Congdon, 1998)

Celaenorrhinus handmani Collins & Congdon, 1998. Supplement to Kielland’s butterflies of Tanzania: 13 (143 pp.) ABRI and Lambillionea. Synonym of Apallaga biseriata reducta (Hampson, 1891). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 152 (272 pp.). Apallaga handmani (Collins & Congdon, 1998). Cock et al., 2017. Stat. rev.

Type locality: Tanzania: “Iringa, Mufindi, 1800m iii.1993. S.C. Collins ex I. Bampton.” Types in the African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. Distribution: Tanzania. Specific localities: Tanzania – Iringi, Mufindi (TL). Mozambique – Mount Mabu (Cock et al., 2017). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R. Br. (= verticillaris auct.) (Acanthaceae) [Cock & Congdon, 2011b; Kibwezi and Shimba Hills, Kenya; Mufundi].

*Apallaga uluguru (Kielland, 1990)

Celaenorrhinus uluguru Kielland, 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania: 230 (363 pp.) Melbourne. Apallaga uluguru (Kielland, 1990). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 153 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: Tanzania: “Morogoro, Uluguru Mts., Bondwa Mt., 1450 m, 01 XII 1982 (J. Kielland)”. Holotype (male) in the Natural History Museum, London. Original description: “Male. Upperside ground colour blackish-brown; f.w. with a wide pale yellow median band, shaped almost as in C. galenus, but paler; three pale yellow subapical spots; no trace of other spots; only marking on the h.w. is a wide yellow marginal band with irregular inner side and with the yellow invading the blackish-brown ground colour along veins. Underside of the wings almost exactly like the upperside. Length of f.w. 19.7-20.4. Female not known.”

19 Distribution of Apallaga uluguru

Tanzania.

Distribution: Tanzania (east). Specific localities: Tanzania – Bondwa Mountain (TL). Known only from the type locality (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Forest, at 1 450 to 1 800 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Males have been seen mud-puddling, as well as feeding from flowering herbs (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga hecqi (Berger, 1976)

Celaenorrhinus hecqui Berger, 1976. Lambillionea 75: 96 (75: 92-96; 76: 21-24). Celaenorrhinus hecqi Berger, 1976. Lamas, pers. comm., April, 2008. [Lamas states: “I believe this name should be emended to hecqi, as it was clearly formed after J. Hecq, not "Hecqu", and Art. 31.1.2 indicates the correct procedure; "hecqui" should be treated as an incorrect original spelling (cf. 32.5)”.] Apallaga hecqui (Berger, 1976). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 153 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Kibali-Ituri: Mont Hoyot [= Hoyo], 23 XII 1956 (J. Hecq); genitalia Berger H.5”. The Holotype male is in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium.

Distribution of Apallaga hecqi

Democratic Republic of Congo

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Ituri).

20 Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mount Hoyo (TL); Mwenda (Libert, 2014a); Pateka (Libert, 2014a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga intermixtus (Aurivillius, 1896)

Celaenorrhinus intermixtus Aurivillius, 1896. Entomologisk Tidskrift 17: 280 (279-291). Apallaga intermixtus (Aurivillius, 1896). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 158 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype female: “Itoki Na N’Golo, June 1891 (Y. Sjostedt); genitalia Berger H.1198”. Neallotype male: “nr Buea, Mt Cameroon, 1000 m, XII 1993 (S.C. Collins); genitalia Libert 109-295.” Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/i). Neallotype male in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Diagnosis: Very similar to Celaenorrhinus galenus but darker brown and without orange dusting; hindwing orange spot beyond cell roughly rectangular; in forewing no basal spot in space 1B (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

Distribution of Apallaga intermixtus

Cameroon.

Distribution: Cameroon. Recorded, in error, from Ivory Coast by Berger, 1962 (Larsen, 2005a) and Gabon by Vande weghe, 2010 (Libert, 2014: 158). Specific localities: Cameroon – Itoki Na N-Golo (TL); Buea, Mt Cameroon (Libert, 2014a); Mt Mamengouba (Libert, 2014a); Barombi (Libert, 2014a); Bakossi (Libert, 2014a); Mt Bana (Libert, 2014a); Bakassi (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga evansi (Berger, 1975)

Celaenorrhinus intermixtus evansi Berger, 1975. Lambillionea 75: 15 (13-15). Apallaga evansi (Berger, 1975). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 160 (272 pp.). n. comb., stat. rev.

Type locality: Uganda: Holotype male: “Kigezi, Forêt de Kayonza, XI 1952-I 1953 (T.H.E. Jackson).”

21 Allotype female: “Namadara Forest, 25 VII 1969 (C. Herbulot).” The types are in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium.

Distribution of Apallaga evansi

Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Ituri), Uganda, Tanzania (north-west and north). Recorded, in error, from Kenya by Larsen, 1991c (Libert, 2014: 160). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Takalu (Libert, 2014a); Kibali (Libert, 2014a); Lekwa (Libert, 2014a); Albert N.P. (Libert, 2014a); Beni (Libert, 2014a); Lume (Libert, 2014a); Kanya- Bukasa (Libert, 2014a); Kasugo (Libert, 2014a); Kirina (Libert, 2014a); Kithokolo (Libert, 2014a); Mamove (Libert, 2014a); Muleke (Libert, 2014a); Lowa Valley (Libert, 2014a); Lowowo Valley (Libert, 2014a). Uganda – Kayonza Forest, Kigezi (TL); Kalinzu (Larsen, 1991c); Toro (Larsen, 1991c); Namadara forest (Libert, 2014a); Bufumbo forest (Libert, 2014a); Namatala River (Libert, 2014a). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (common) (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Rumanyika Game Reserve (single record) (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Loliondo (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

*Apallaga lourentis (de Jong, 1976)

Celaenorrhinus lourentis de Jong, 1976. Zoologische Mededeelingen 49 (24): 299 (299-306). Apallaga lourentis (de Jong, 1976). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 161 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: Kenya: Holotype male: “Kakamega Forest, 21 IV 1971 (J.H. Lourens)”. The Holotype male is in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden.

22 Distribution of Apallaga lourentis

Kenya.

Distribution: Kenya. Specific localities: Kenya – Kakamega Forest (TL); Kapsemoitie (Libert, 2014a); Galana River, Tsavo N.P. (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga bergeri Libert, 2014

Apallaga bergeri Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 162 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Kapanga, Lulua, X 1933 (F. Overlaet).” Allotype female: “Kapanga, Lulua, VII 1933 (F.G. Overlaet).” The types are in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium.

Distribution of Apallaga bergeri

Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kapanga (TL); Kafakumba (Libert, 2014a); Sandoa (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. 23 Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga kivuensis (Joicey & Talbot, 1921)

Celaenorrhinus mozeeki [sic] kivuensis Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 102 (40-166). Apallaga kivuensis (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 164 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Holotype male: “Niragongo Forest, N.E. Kivu, X 1919 (T.A. Barns)”. The Holotype is in the N.H.M., London.

Distribution of Apallaga kivuensis

Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east – Kivu), Uganda (south-west), Rwanda, Burundi. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Niragongo Forest (TL); Kibati (Libert, 2014a); Ngesho (Libert, 2014a); Nyanlagira (Libert, 2014a); Nyiragongo (Libert, 2014a). Uganda – Bwindi forest (Libert, 2014a). Rwanda – Cyamudongo forest (Libert, 2014a); Kabira forest (Libert, 2014a); Kisaba forest (Libert, 2014a); Nyungwe forest (Libert, 2014a). Burundi – Ndora (Libert, 2014a); Mt Teza; Bugarama (Libert, 2014a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga pooanus (Aurivillius, 1910) Bitje Sprite

Celaenorrhinus pooanus, Aurivillius, 1910. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacoma Doria (3) 4: 521 (494-530). Synonym of Celaenorrhinus meditrina (Hewitson, 1877). Evans, 1937. Celaenorrhinus pooanus Aurivillius, 1910. Collins et al., 2003. Apallaga pooanus (Aurivillius, 1910). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 165 (272 pp.). n. comb.

24

Apallaga pooanus pooanus. Left – male upperside, Cameroon. Right – male underside, Cameroon. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Basilé”. Libert (2014: 166) designates a Lectotype and a Neallotype. Lectotype male: “Basile, 400-600 m, Fernando Po, VIII-IX 1901 (L. Fea).” Neallotype female: “Cameroon (Sjostedt); genitalia Libert 110-111.” The Lectotype is in the Museo di Storia Naturale, Gênes. The Neallotype is in the Naturhistoriska Rijksmuseum, Stockholm. General remarks: The original description of Celaenorrhinus pooanus fails to note that there are orange spots in spaces 2 and 3 of the forewing upperside (these spots are present in the holotype) (Collins et al., 2003).

Distribution of Apallaga pooanus

Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). [ssp. pooanus – red dots]

Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea. [ssp. obscuripennins – green dots]

Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A very scarce species of sprite (Larsen, 2005a). Larsen (2005a) captured a single specimen in the Oban Hills on a flower of Mussaenda at 14:00. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Apallaga pooanus pooanus (Aurivillius, 1910)

Celaenorrhinus pooanus, Aurivillius, 1910. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacoma Doria (3) 4: 521 (494-530). Synonym of Celaenorrhinus meditrina (Hewitson, 1877). Evans, 1937. Celaenorrhinus pooanus Aurivillius, 1910. Collins et al., 2003. Apallaga pooanus pooanus (Aurivillius, 1910). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 166 (272 pp.).

25

Apallaga pooanus pooanus. Left – male upperside, Cameroon. Right – male underside, Cameroon. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Basilé”. Libert (2014: 166) designates a Lectotype and a Neallotype. Lectotype male: “Basile, 400-600 m, Fernando Po, VIII-IX 1901 (L. Fea).” Neallotype female: “Cameroon (Sjostedt); genitalia Libert 110-111.” The Lectotype is in the Museo di Storia Naturale, Gênes. The Neallotype is in the Naturhistoriska Rijksmuseum, Stockholm. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). Specific localities: Nigeria – Ekonganaku in the Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Equatorial Guinea – Basile, Bioko (TL).

Apallaga pooanus obscuripennis (Strand, 1913)

Celaenorrhinus obscuripennis Strand, 1913. Archiv für Naturgeschichte78 (A.12.): 43 (30-84). Synonym of Celaenorrhinus bettoni Butler, 1902. Ackery, et al., 1995. Apallaga pooanus obscuripennis (Strand, 1913). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 168 (272 pp.). n. comb., stat. rev.

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Holotype female: “Makomo, Benitogebiet, 1-15 X 1906 (G. Tessman).” Neallotype male: “Bitje, Cameroon, early May & June, Wet season.” The Holotype is in the Z.M.H.U., Berlin. The Neallotype is in the N.H.M., London. Distribution: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea. Specific localities: Cameroon – Bitje (Evans, 1937); Mboule (Libert, 2014a); Lolodorf (Libert, 2014a); Maan (Libert, 2014a); Ebogo (Libert, 2014a); Nkolmekoui (Libert, 2014a); 80 km south of Mintom (Libert, 2014a). Equatorial Guinea – Makomo (TL).

bitjena Evans, 1937 (as sp. of Celaenorrhinus). A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum : 23 (212 pp.). Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons (Bitje)”. Officially downgraded to a synonym of Celaenorrhinus pooanus Aurivillius, 1910 by Collins et al., 2003. Regarded by Libert (2014) to be a synonym of C. pooanus obscuripennis (Strand, 1913).

*Apallaga bakolo (Miller, 1964)

Celaenorrhinus bakolo Miller, 1964. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 26: 640 (640-647). Apallaga bakolo (Miller, 1964). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 169 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype male: “Efulen, 17 X 1925 (H.L. Weber); genitalia Miller M-300.”

26 Neallotype female: “Efulen, 29 XII 1925 (H.L. Weber).” The types are in the C.M.N.H, Pittsburgh, USA.

Distribution of Apallaga bakola

Cameroon, Central African Republic.

Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Cameroon – Efulen (TL); Sanaga (Edea) (Libert, 2014a); Ebodje (Libert, 2014a); Kribi (Libert, 2014a); Maan (Libert, 2014a); Yokadouma (Libert, 2014a); Bertoua (Libert, 2014a). Central African Republic – Mbaiki (Lobaye) (Libert, 2014a); Bangui (Libert, 2014a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga milleri (Collins & Larsen, 2003)

Celaenorrhinus milleri Collins & Larsen, 2003. Metamorphosis 14 (3): 100 (63-110). Apallaga milleri (Collins, Larsen & Warren-Gash, 2003). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 171 (272 pp.). n. comb. [authorship erroneous]

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype male: “Dja Forest, VII 1998 (S. Collins); genitalia Collins SCC 452.” Neallotype female: “Dja Forest, VIII 2011 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 112-149; BOLD MLIB- 0669.” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Etymology: Named for Lee D. Miller, of the Allyn Museum in the U.S.A., who has done much work on Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Collins et al., 2003).

27 Distribution of Apallaga milleri

Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon.

Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Libert, 2014a). Cameroon – Dja Forest (TL); Dja River, near Edea (Libert, vide Collins et al. (2003); Limbe (Libert, vide Collins et al. (2003); Mount Mengale (Collins et al., 2003); Lolodorf (Collins et al., 2003); Nyong River, Ebogo (Collins et al., 2003); Mount Cameroon (Collins et al., 2003); Mt Kala near Yaounde (Libert, 2014a). Gabon – Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Asebbe (Libert, 2014a). Flight period: Most months of the year (Collins et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga abriana Libert, 2014

Apallaga abriana Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 174 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype male: “80 km S Mintom, VII 2010 (S. Collins); genitalia Libert 112-147; BOLD MLIB-0361.” Allotype female: “Dja Forest, IV 196 (S. Collins); genitalia Libert 112- 080.” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga abriana

Cameroon.

28 Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – 80 S of Mintom (TL); Dja Forest (Allotype). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga jacksoni Libert, 2014

Apallaga jacksoni Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 17 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Irumu, Ituri Forest, VI 1947 (T.H.E. Jackson).” Allotype female: “Irumu, Ituri Forest, VI 1947 (T.H.E. Jackson).” The types are in the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga jacksoni

Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Irumu, Ituri Forest (TL); Beni (Libert, 2014a); Mapimbi (Libert, 2014a); Mamove (Libert, 2014a); Afarama (Okapi Forest Reserve) (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages:Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga homeyeri (Plötz, 1880) Homeyer’s Sprite

Tagiades homeyeri Plötz, 1880. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 41: 307 (298-307). Apallaga homeyeri (Plötz, 1880). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 177 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: Angola: Holotype: “Pungo-Adongo [Pungo Andongo], 18 IV 1875 (A. v. Homeyer); BMNH(E) # 983841”. Neallotype: “Abanga R., Gabon, X 1907 (Dr. Ansorge); BMNH(E) # 983839”. The types are in the N.H.M., London.

29 Distribution of Apallaga homeyeri

Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Zambia. [ssp. homeyeri – red dots]

Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. [ssp. fracta – green dots]

Tanzania. [ssp. kiellandi – blue dots]

Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda, Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d), Zambia (Libert, 2014 but not Heath et al., 2002). Recorded, erroneously, from Ivory Coast by Ackery et al. (1995) (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. In Tanzania at altitudes from 800 to 1 700 m (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Apallaga homeyeri homeyeri (Plötz, 1880)

Tagiades homeyeri Plötz, 1880. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 41: 307 (298-307). Apallaga homeyeri homeyeri (Plötz, 1880). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 177 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Angola: Holotype: “Pungo-Adongo [Pungo Andongo], 18 IV 1875 (A. v. Homeyer); BMNH(E) # 983841”. Neallotype: “Abanga R., Gabon, X 1907 (Dr. Ansorge); BMNH(E) # 983839”. The types are in the N.H.M., London. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Zambia (Libert, 2014 but not Heath et al., 2002). Recorded, erroneously, from Ivory Coast by Ackery et al. (1995) (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Libert, 2014a); Rhoko forest (Libert, 2014a). Cameroon – Mt Tabenken (Libert, 2014a); Moloundou (Libert, 2014a); Mt Kupe (Libert, 2014a); Mt Manengouba (Libert, 2014a). Equatorial Guinea – San Benito (Libert, 2014a); Makomo (Libert, 2014a); Bioko (Libert, 2014a). Gabon – Abanga River (Neallotype); Akaka, Loango National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa, Ivindo National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Loa-Loa (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Ogove (Vande weghe, 2010); Kangwe (Libert, 2014a); Ngoumie (Libert, 2014a). Congo – Brazzaville (Libert, 2014a); Kuilu (Libert, 2014a); Odzala (Libert, 2014a). Angola – Pungo-Andongo (TL); Malanje Province (Mendes et al., 2013). Democratic Republic of Congo – Bankana, Bateke Plateau (Libert, 2014a); Vaku (Libert, 2014a); Kafakumba (Libert, 2014a); Kaniama (Libert, 2014a); Kapanga (Libert, 2014a); Mwene Ditu (Libert, 2014a). Central African Republic – Boukoko (Libert, 2014a); Mambe (Libert, 2014a); Yakoli (Libert, 2014a). Zambia – Maamba, 150 miles south of Choma (Libert, 2014a).

30 Apallaga homeyeri fracta Libert, 2014

Apallaga homeyeri fracta Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype female: “P.N.A. II; genitalia Libert 110-005.” Allotype male: “P.N.A. II: Abyalose, 20 VIII 1954.” The types are in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium.` Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kisangani (Libert, 2014a); Medje (Libert, 2014a); Paulis (Libert, 2014a); Mambasa (Libert, 2014a); Beni (Libert, 2014a); Semliki (Libert, 2014a). Uganda – Budongo (Libert, 2014a); Bugoma (Libert, 2014a); Bwamba (Libert, 2014a); Mabira (Libert, 2014a); Katera (Libert, 2014a).

Apallaga homeyeri kiellandi Libert, 2014

Apallaga homeyeri kiellandi Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 182 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Tanzania: Holotype male: “Ntakatta, Mpanda, 1400 m, I 1974 (J. Kielland); genitalia Libert 110-295.” Allotype female: “Ntakatta, Mpanda, IV 1974 (J. Kielland); genitalia Libert 110-295.” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Distribution: Tanzania. Specific localities: Tanzania – Ntakatta Forest (TL); Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Ititye (Libert, 2014a); Kasye (Libert, 2014a); Kefu (Libert, 2014a); Mihumu (Libert, 2014a); Katuna (Libert, 2014a); near Sitebi (Libert, 2014a).

*Apallaga ankasa (Larsen & Miller, 2005) Ankasa Sprite

Celaenorrhinus ankasa Larsen & Miller, 2005. In: Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 555. Apallaga ankasa (Larsen & Miller, 2005). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 182 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Apallaga ankasa ankasa. Male (holotype), Ghana (x2.5). Left – upperside; right – underside. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

31

Apallaga ankasa ankasa. Female, Ghana, upperside (x2.5). Photo ex Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Ghana: Holotype male: “Kibi, Atewa Range, XI 1973 (T. Maessen)”. Neallotype female: “Kibi, Atewa Mtns, XII 2002 (S. Collins); genitalia Libert 112-057”. The Holotype is in the Allyn Collection, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera, Gainsville, Florida, USA. The Neallotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Diagnosis: Similar to Apallaga homeyeri but the ochreous markings are of a paler orange tone, especially on the hindwing, and it lacks a dark hindwing margin (Larsen, 2005a). Etymology: Named after Ankasa National Park in Ghana (Larsen, 2005a).

Distribution of Apallaga ankasa

Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. [ssp. ankasa – red dots]

Nigeria. [ssp. warreni – green dot]

Distribution: Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria. Habitat: Forest. Habits: A species that is rarely encountered (known only from two pairs) (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Apallaga ankasa ankasa (Larsen & Miller, 2005)

Celaenorrhinus ankasa Larsen & Miller, 2005. In: Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 555. Apallaga ankasa ankasa (Larsen & Miller, 2005). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 183 (272 pp.).

32

Apallaga ankasa ankasa. Male (holotype), Ghana (x2.5). Left – upperside; right – underside. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Apallaga ankasa ankasa. Female, Ghana, upperside (x2.5). Photo ex Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Ghana: Holotype male: “Kibi, Atewa Range, XI 1973 (T. Maessen)”. Neallotype female: “Kibi, Atewa Mtns, XII 2002 (S. Collins); genitalia Libert 112-057”. The Holotype is in the Allyn Collection, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera, Gainsville, Florida, USA. The Neallotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Diagnosis: Similar to Apallaga homeyeri but the ochreous markings are of a paler orange tone, especially on the hindwing, and it lacks a dark hindwing margin (Larsen, 2005a). Etymology: Named after Ankasa National Park in Ghana (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Liberia – Putu (Libert, 2014a). Ivory Coast – Bloloquin (Libert, 2014a). Ghana – Kibi, Atewa Range (TL); Takoradi (Maessen); Ankasa National Park (Larsen); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Cape Three Points (Libert, 2014a).

Apallaga ankasa warreni Libert, 2014

Apallaga ankasa warreni Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 183 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Nigeria: Holotype male: “Omo Forest, 21 IV 2010 (O. Brattstrom); genitalia Libert 111- 141; BOLD MLIB-0588.” Allotype female: “Omo Forest, 22 IV 2010 (O. Brattstrom); genitalia Libert 111-142; BOLD MLIB-0589.” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – Omo Forest (TL).

33

*Apallaga boadicea (Hewitson, 1877) Boadicea’s Sprite

Pterygospidea boadicea Hewitson, 1877. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 20: 323 (319-328). Apallaga boadicea (Hewitson, 1877). Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 269 (272 pp.).

Apallaga boadicea boadicea. Left – male upperside, Cameroon. Right – male underside, Cameroon. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Apallaga boadicea boadicea. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ikelenge, Mwinilunga district, Zambia. 15 April 2002. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Type locality: Gabon: “Gaboon”. Diagnosis: Similar to Apallaga galenus but forewing upperside orange discal band nearly evenly curved on inner side, and spots in 1B conjoined and of equal size (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

34 Distribution of Apallaga boadicea

Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia. [ssp. boadicea – red dots]

Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania. [ssp. howarthi – green dots]

Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia. Records from west of Nigeria are erroneous (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Also in agricultural lands with a full canopy, e.g. kola plantations (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A rather scarce species of sprite (Larsen, 2005a). Specimens are often found along forest paths, usually settling on the underside of leaves of low growing vegetation (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Apallaga boadicea boadicea (Hewitson, 1877)

Pterygospidea boadicea Hewitson, 1877. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 20: 323 (319-328). Apallaga boadicea boadicea (Hewitson, 1877). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 269 (272 pp.).

Apallaga boadicea boadicea. Left – male upperside, Cameroon. Right – male underside, Cameroon. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

35

Apallaga boadicea boadicea. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ikelenge, Mwinilunga district, Zambia. 15 April 2002. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Type locality: Gabon: “Gaboon”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (except extreme east), Zambia. Specific localities: Nigeria – Lagos (Larsen, 2005a); Agege (Larsen, 2005a); Ijebu-Ode (Larsen, 2005a); Benin (Larsen, 2005a); Omo Forest (Larsen, 2005a); Warri (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Ogove Valley (Holland, 1894); Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Malibe (Vande weghe, 2010). Zambia – Lisombo, Kalene Hill (A. Gardiner, vide Heath et al., 2002).

atratus Mabille, 1891 (as sp. of Pardaleodes). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 35: 74 (59-88, 106-121, 168-187). Cameroon: “Cameroons”; Sierra Leone [false locality]. Treated as a synonym of A. boadicea (Hewitson, 1877) by Libert, 2014: 269.

collucens Holland, 1894 (as sp. of Celaenirhinus [sic]). Entomological News 5: 90 (89-95). Gabon: “Valley of the Ogové”. Treated as a synonym of A. boadicea (Hewitson, 1877) by Libert, 2014: 269.

lucens Mabille; Holland, 1896 (as sp. of Pardaleodes). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 14 (2-107). [Invalid; manuscript name first introduced in synonymy.]. Treated as a synonym of A. boadicea (Hewitson, 1877) by Libert, 2014: 270.

Apallaga boadicea howarthi (Berger, 1976)

Celaenorrhinus boadicea howarthi Berger, 1976. Lambillionea 75: 95 (92-96; 76: 21-24). Apallaga boadicea howarthi (Berger, 1976). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 270 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Uganda: “Katera Forest, Masaka”. Diagnosis: Differs from the nominate subspecies in that it is smaller; forewing more acuminate; forewing band paler and narrower; hindwing marginal orange area reduced (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Ituri), Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Uganda – Katera Forest, Masaka (TL). Tanzania – Bulembe, MI and MII, in Minziro Forest (uncommon) (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

*Apallaga selysi (Berger, 1955)

Celaenorrhinus selysi Berger, 1955. Mémoires Société Royale Entomologie de Belgique 27: 92 (92-95). Apallaga selysi (Berger, 1955). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 272 (272 pp.).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Lualaba: Kapanga”.

36 Distribution of Apallaga selysi

Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south-east). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kapanga, Lualaba (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga leona (Berger, 1975) Sierra Leone Sprite

Celaenorrhinus leona Berger, 1975. Lambillionea 75: 13 (13-15). Apallaga leona (Berger, 1975). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 270 (272 pp.).

Apallaga leona. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Sanniquellei, Nimba Mountains, Liberia. 12 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

37

Apallaga leona. Female upperside, Ghana. Image courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Moyamba”.

Distribution of Apallaga leona

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana.

Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Guinea – Seredou (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone – Moyamba (TL); Tiwai Island (Belcastro, vide Larsen, 2005a). Liberia – Sanniquellei, Nimba Mountains (J. Dobson, unpub.). Ivory Coast – Tai National Park (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Atewa Range (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a); Begoro (Belcastro, vide Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A decidedly scarce butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga meditrina (Hewitson, 1877) Large Orange Sprite

Pterygospidea meditrina Hewitson, 1877. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 20: 322 (319-328). Apallaga meditrina (Hewitson, 1877). Libert, 2014 Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 188 (272 pp.). n. comb.

38 Apallaga meditrina. Left – male, upperside, Cameroon. Right – male, underside, Cameroon. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Apallaga meditrina. Female upperside, Nigeria. Image courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Holotype male: “Fernando Po.” Neallotype female: “Ebogo, Cameroon, VI 1997 (M. Libert); genitalia Libert 109-103; BOLD MLIB-0048.” The types are in the N.H.M., London.

Distribution of Apallaga meditrina

Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic.

Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic. Records from west of Nigeria and east of Central African Republic are erroneous (Libert, 2014). Specific localities: Nigeria – Agege (Larsen et al., 1980); Ahoada (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Ikom (Larsen, 2005a); Omo (Libert, 2014a); Ologbo (Libert, 2014a); Calabar (Libert, 2014a). Cameroon – Mamfe (Libert, 2014a); Kumba (Libert, 2014a); Yaounde (Libert, 2014a); Maan (Libert, 2014a); Akoafim (Libert, 2014a); Ngambe Tikar (Libert, 2014a). Equatorial Guinea – Bioko (TL). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Oghobi, Waka National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Libert, 2014a). Congo – Etoumbi (Miller, 1971); Odzala (Libert, 2014a). Central African Republic – Botambi (Libert, 2014a); Boukoko (Libert, 2014a); Yakoli (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Forest of good quality; but occasionally in dense secondary growth (Larsen, 2005a).

39 Habits: This is a very rare butterfly in West Africa but becomes commoner in the equatorial zone (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

interniplaga Mabille, 1891 (as sp. of Pardaleodes). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 35: 73 (59-88, 106-121, 168-187). Cameroon: “Cameroons intérieur”. Treated as a synonym of A. meditrina (Hewitson, 1877) by Libert, 2014: 188.

illustroides Miller, 1971 (as sp. of Celaenorrhinus). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (2): 2 (17 pp.). Congo: “French Congo, Etoumbi”. Synonymized with A. meditrina (Hewitson, 1877) by Larsen, 2005a: 474, syn. nov.

*Apallaga vicariana Libert, 2014

Apallaga vicariana Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 192 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Sierra Leone: Holotype male: “Road between Waiama & Tainhun, Gola North, Kenema district, 28 XI 2008 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 109-267.” The Holotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga vicariana

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana.

Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Guinea – Seredou (Libert, 2014a). Sierra Leone – Between Waiama and Tainhun (TL); Bumbuna (Libert, 2014a); Gola forest (Libert, 2014a); Kenema (Libert, 2014a). Ivory Coast – Bianouan (Libert, 2014a). Ghana – Mpasaso (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga ovalis (Evans, 1937) Evans’Orange Sprite

Celaenorrhinus medetrina [sic] ovalis Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 23 (212 pp.).

40 Apallaga ovalis (Evans, 1937). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 194 (272 pp.). n. comb. Stat. rev.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Holotype male: “Upper Kasai District (P. Landbeck); BMNH(E) # 983824.” Neallotype female: “Paulis, Uele, 14 IX 1959 (M. Fontaine); genitalia Libert H.1194.” The Holotype male is in the N.H.M., London. The Neallotype female is in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium.

Distribution of Apallaga ovalis

Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. [ssp. ovalis – red dots]

Kenya. [ssp. obsoleta – green dot]

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya. Records from west of the Democratic Republic of Congo are in error for other taxa of Apallaga (Libert, 2014). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Tends to keep to darker parts of the forest than the common Apallaga galenus (Larsen, 1991c). Apparently it is a secretive species that may fly preferentially in the late afternoon (Cock & Congdon, 2011b). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Lamas (pers. comm., April, 2008) notes that this taxon requires a new name because ovalis Evans, 1937 is a junior secondary homonym of Charmion ovalis Mabille, 1913.

Apallaga ovalis ovalis (Evans, 1937)

Celaenorrhinus medetrina [sic] ovalis Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 23 (212 pp.). Apallaga ovalis ovalis (Evans, 1937). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 194 (272 pp.).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Holotype male: “Upper Kasai District (P. Landbeck); BMNH(E) # 983824.” Neallotype female: “Paulis, Uele, 14 IX 1959 (M. Fontaine); genitalia Libert H.1194.” The Holotype male is in the N.H.M., London. The Neallotype female is in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Upper Kasai (TL); Paulis (Libert, 2014a)Kwokoro (Ubangi) (Libert, 2014a); Kapanga (Libert, 2014a); Kaniama (Libert, 2014a); Kafakumba (Libert, 2014a); Shabunda (Libert, 2014a); near Walikale (Libert, 2014a); Kasuo (Libert, 2014a); Epulu (Libert, 2014a); Moto (Libert, 2014a). Uganda – Mpanga Toro (Libert, 2014a). 41

Apallaga ovalis obsoleta Libert, 2014

Apallaga ovalis obsoleta Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 195 (272 pp.).

Apallaga ovalis obsoleta. Left – male upperside, Kenya. Right – male underside, Kenya. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Apallaga ovalis obsoleta. Female upperside, Kenya. Image courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Kenya: Holotype male: “Kakamega, 1650 m, 15 VIII 2004 (S.C. Collins).” Allotype female: “Kakamega, 1650 m, 15 VIII 2004 (S.C. Collins).” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Distribution: Kenya (west). Specific localities: Kenya – Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c); Yala River (Larsen, 1991c).

*Apallaga medustris Libert, 2014

Apallaga medustris Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 197 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype male: “Ngog Bassong, V 1990 (M. Libert); genitalia Libert 111- 053; BOLD: MLIB-0546.” Allotype female: “Ebogo, VI 1997 (M. Libert); genitalia Libert 110-109; BOLD: MLIB-0054.” The types are in the M.N.H.N., Paris.

42 Distribution of Apallaga medustris

Cameroon.

Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Ngog Bassong (TL); Ebogo (Allotype); Akonolinga (Libert, 2014a); Lolodorf (Libert, 2014a); Sangmelima (Libert, 2014a); Elatte (Libert, 2014a); Mecalat (Libert, 2014a); Mekele (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga ovastris Libert, 2014

Apallaga ovastris Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 198 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype male: “80 km S Mintom, XI 2008 (ABRI leg); genitalia Libert 112-083; BOLD: MLIB-0340.”

Distribution of Apallaga ovastris

Cameroon, Gabon.

Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – 80 km south of Mintom (TL); Mekas (Libert, 2014a); Dja (Libert, 2014a). Gabon – Tchimbele (Libert, 2014a).

43 Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga vandeweghei Libert, 2014

Apallaga vandeweghei Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 199 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Gabon: Holotype male: “Corridor Waka-Lope, 26 III 2007 (G. Vande weghe); genitalia Libert 112-096; BOLD: GVW-0591.” Allotype female: “Camp Nouna, 20 III 2008 (G. Vande weghe); genitalia Libert 112-140; BOLD: GVW-0656.”

Distribution of Apallaga vandeweghei

Gabon.

Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Corridor Waka-Lope (TL); Camp Nouna (Allotype). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga confusa Libert, 2014

Apallaga confusa Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 201 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Ghana: Holotype male: “Tana Ofin, VI 2005 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 111-056.” Allotype female: “Tana Ofin, IV 2006 (ABRI leg.).” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

44 Distribution of Apallaga confusa

Ivory Coast, Ghana. [ssp. confusa – red dots]

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast. [ssp. occidentalis – green dots]

Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Apallaga confusa confusa Libert, 2014

Apallaga confusa confusa Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 201 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Ghana: Holotype male: “Tana Ofin, VI 2005 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 111-056.” Allotype female: “Tana Ofin, IV 2006 (ABRI leg.).” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Becedi-Brignan, near Abidjan (Libert, 2014a). Ghana – Tana Ofin (TL); Ankasa (Libert, 2014a); Bia (Libert, 2014a); Mpasaso (Libert, 2014a); Apenemedi (Libert, 2014a); Kibi (Libert, 2014a); Pampusu (Libert, 2014a).

Apallaga confusa occidentalis Libert, 2014

Apallaga confusa occidentalis Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 202 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Guinea: Holotype male: “Foret de Dieke, V 2005 (Sema); genitalia Libert 112-475; BOLD: MLIB-0337.” Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast. Specific localities: Guinea – Dieke Forest (TL); Mogbaima (Libert, 2014a). Sierra Leone – Malema district (Libert, 2014a); Gola forest (Libert, 2014a); Kambui Hills (Libert, 2014a); Kania (Mt Loma) (Libert, 2014a). Liberia – East Nimba N.R. (Libert, 2014a); Mt Swa (Libert, 2014a); Gbanga (Libert, 2014a); Mt Beeton, Nimbas (Libert, 2014a); Ghi (Putu Range) (Libert, 2014a); Blue Lake (Bomi Hills) (Libert, 2014a). Ivory Coast – Yeale (Libert, 2014a); Danane (Libert, 2014a).

*Apallaga perconfusa Libert, 2014 45

Apallaga perconfusa Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 203 (272 pp.).

Apallaga perconfusa. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Sanniquellei, Nimba Mountains, Liberia. 9 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Liberia: Holotype male: “Mt Tokadeh, W Nimba, Nimba County, 01-03 III 2012 (Sz. Safian & M. Strauss); genitalia Libert 114-022; BOLD: MLIB-1017.” Allotype female: “Mt Gangra, W Nimba, Nimba County, 11-17 II 2012 (Sz. Safian & M. Strauss); genitalia Libert 112-473; BOLD: MLIB-1116.” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga perconfusa

Sierra Leone, Liberia.

Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia. Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Mogbaima (Libert, 2014a). Liberia – Mt Tokadeh (TL); Mt Gangra (Allotype); East Nimba N.R. (Libert, 2014a); Sanniquellei (J. Dobson, unpub.). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga illustris (Mabille, 1891) Illustrious Sprite

Pardaleodes illustris Mabille, 1891. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 35: 73 (59-88, 106-121, 168-187). Apallaga illustris (Mabille, 1891). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 204 (272 pp.). n. comb.

46

Type locality: Gabon: Holotype male: “Ogowe, 1888 (Bckh.)” Neallotype female: “Maan, S Cameroon, VI 2000 (S.C. Collins).” The Holotype is in the Z.M.H.U., Berlin. The Neallotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga illustris

Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a); Bela (Libert, 2014a); Nanga Eboko (Libert, 2014a); Maan (Libert, 2014a); Mintom (Libert, 2014a); Koutaba, near Foumban (Libert, 2014a). Equatorial Guinea – Pik O-Wassa, Bioko (Aurivillius, 1925); Alen (Libert, 2014a); Balengue (Libert, 2014a). Gabon – Ogowe (Mabille, 1891); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ivindo National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Oghobi in Waka National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Mpassa, Bateke Plateau (Vande weghe, 2010); Iguela (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Libert, 2014a). Congo – Etoumbi (Libert, 2014a); Kelle (Libert, 2014a); Mambili (Libert, 2014a); Sembe (Libert, 2014a); Dimonika (Libert, 2014a). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998); Baynaga (Libert, 2014a); Boukoko (Libert, 2014a); Bangui (Libert, 2014a). Democratic Republic of Congo – Eala (Libert, 2014a); Mbata Siala (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

abbreviata Aurivillius, 1925 (as ab. of Celaenorrhinus illustris). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (18): 1255 (1243-1359). Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando Poo: Pik O-Wassa”. Treated as a synonym of Apallaga illustris (Mabille, 1891) by Libert (2014: 204).

*Apallaga elongata Libert, 2014

Apallaga elongata Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 208 (272 pp.).

47

Apallaga elongata. Left – male upperside, Nigeria. Right – male underside, Nigeria. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype male: “Mont Kupe, Loum, 900-1500 m, III 1994 (D. Bernaud); genitalia Libert 109-101; BOLD: MLIB-0065.” Allotype female: “Mont Kupe, Loum, 900-1500 m, III 1994 (D. Bernaud); genitalia Libert 109-401; BOLD: MLIB-0066.” The types are in the M.N.H.N., Paris.

Distribution of Apallaga elongata

Nigeria, Cameroon.

Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a) ; Ekonganaku (Libert, 2014a); Old Ekuri (Libert, 2014a). Cameroon – Mount Kupe (TL); Barombi (Libert, 2014a); Victoria (Libert, 2014a); Mt Cameroon (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Males patrol territories in openings of about 10 by 10 metres at great speed, early in the morning (Larsen, 2005a). When patrolling they fly at a height of about 1.75 metres (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga brattstromi Libert, 2014

Apallaga brattstromi Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 209 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Nigeria: Holotype male: “Ologbo, S Benin City, 18 VI 2011 (O. Brattstrom); genitalia Libert 111-139; BOLD: MLIB-0590.” Allotype female: “Ologbo, S Benin City, 19 VI 2011 (O. 48 Brattstrom); genitalia Libert 111-140; BOLD: MLIB-0595.” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga brattstromi

Nigeria.

Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – Ologbo, south of Benin City (TL). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga incredibilis Libert, 2014

Apallaga incredibilis Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 210 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype male: “Mont Messa, I 1991 (M. Libert). Allotype female: “Mont Messa, X 1986 (M. Libert).” The types are in the M.N.H.N, Paris.

Distribution of Apallaga incredibilis

Cameroon.

Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mount Messa (TL); Sakbayeme (Libert, 2014a); Yaounde (Libert, 2014a); Nlong (Libert,

49 2014a); Ebogo (Libert, 2014a); Ndomedzap (Libert, 2014a); Lolodorf (Libert, 2014a); Maan (Libert, 2014a); Mekas (Dja) (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga mona (Evans, 1937)

Celaenorrhinus perlustris mona Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 24 (212 pp.). Apallaga mona (Evans, 1937). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 212 (272 pp.). n. comb., stat. rev.

Apallaga mona. Left – male upperside, Nigeria. Right – male underside, Nigeria. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Apallaga mona. Left – female upperside, Nigeria. Right – female underside, Nigeria. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype male: “Cameroons (coll. Chris Ward)”. Neallotype female: “Takamanda, W Cameroun, I 2011 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 112-088; BOLD: MLIB-0674.” The Holotype is in the N.H.M., London. The Neallotype female is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

50 Distribution of Apallaga mona

Nigeria, Cameroon.

Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Ekuri, Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Ekonganaku, Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Takamanda (Neallotype); Barombi (Libert, 2014a); Mbo (Libert, 2014a); Bibundi (Libert, 2014a); Bakossi forest reserve (Libert, 2014a); Ekondjo (Libert, 2014a); Mamfe (Libert, 2014a); Mt Cameroon (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga rodolphi Libert, 2014

Apallaga rodolphi Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 213 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Gabon: Holotype: “P.N. Bateke (Camp du Projet Protection des Gorilles). 18 IV 2007 (G. Vande weghe); genitalia Libert 112-143; BOLD: GVW-0594.” Allotype female: “Kelle, Congo, IV 1963 (T.H.E. Jackson).” The Holotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. The Allotype is in the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga rodolphi

Gabon, Congo.

Distribution: Gabon, Congo.

51 Specific localities: Gabon – P.N. Bateke (TL). Congo – Kelle (Allotype); Mambili (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga maiana Libert, 2014

Apallaga maiana Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 214 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype: “Lukolela, Equateur, X 2013 / II 2014 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 114-030; BOLD: MLIB-1326.”

Distribution of Apallaga maiana

Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Lukolela (TL). Known only from the type locality (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga aureus (Collins & Larsen, 2005)

Celaenorrhinus aureus Collins & Larsen, 2005. In: Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 557. Apallaga aureus (Collins & Larsen, 2005). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 216 (272 pp.). n. comb.

52

Apallaga aureus. Male (holotype), Congo. Left – upperside; right – underside. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Congo: Holotype male: “Vouka, V 1973 (P. Moretto); genitalia SCC 472.” The Holotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Diagnosis: Similar to Apallaga illustris and Apallaga perlustris but differs in the following respects: larger; less reddish orange scaling on the upperside; hindwing with orange marginal spots in spaces 5 and 6 (in other two species spots also in spaces 2 to 4); hindwing underside without orange spotting (present in the other two species) (Larsen, 2005a). The male genitalia of all three species are indistinguishable (Larsen, 2005a). Etymology: Named for the large orange discal band on the forewing (Larsen, 2005a).

Distribution of Apallaga aureus

Cameroon, Congo.

Distribution: Cameroon, Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Korup (Libert, 2014a). Congo – Vouka (TL). Habitat: Nothing published. Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga stewarti Libert, 2014

Apallaga stewarti Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 217 (272 pp.).

53 Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype male: “Akok-Kas, III 1997 (S. Collins); genitalia Libert 110-273; BOLD: MLIB-0354.”

Distribution of Apallaga stewarti

Cameroon.

Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Akok-Kas (TL). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga perlustris (Rebel, 1914) Less Illustrious Sprite

Celaenorrhinus perlustris Rebel, 1914. Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 270 (219-294). Apallaga perlustris (Rebel, 1914). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 219 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Lectotype male: “Urwalde bei Beni und Moera, VIII 1910 (R. Grauer); genitalia Libert 111-001. A Neallotype female was designated by Berger (1976: 94): “Kabunga, territoire de Masisi (650 m), Kivu, 3 III 1945 (A. Dufrane); genitalia Berger H.1197.” The Lectotype is in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien. The Neallotype is in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium.

54 Distribution of Apallaga perlustris

Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania. The populations in Uganda and Tanzania represent an undescribed subspecies (Libert, 2014). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Moera near Beni (TL); Kabunga (Libert, 2014a); Irumu (Libert, 2014a); Beni (Libert, 2014a); Kasugho (Libert, 2014a); Kasuo (Libert, 2014a); Kilau (Libert, 2014a); Rwindi (Libert, 2014a); Irangi (Libert, 2014a). Uganda – Katera (Libert, 2014). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (rare) (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Habitat: Nothing published. Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga katangensis (Berger, 1976)

Celaenorrhinus perlustris katangensis Berger, 1976. Lambillionea 75: 94 (75: 92-96; 76: 21-24). Apallaga katangensis (Berger, 1976). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 222 (272 pp.). n. comb., stat. rev.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Kafakumba, Shaba, IV 1934 (F.G. Overlaet); genitalia Berger H.8.” Allotype female: “R. Mutshindji (Kapanga), Lulua, XII 1933 (F.G. Overlaet); genitalia Berger H.1200.” The types are in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium.

Distribution of Apallaga katangensis

Democratic Republic of Congo. [ssp. katangensis – red dots]

Democratic Republic of Congo. [ssp. eala – green dot]

Democratic Republic of Congo. [ssp. minor – blue dot]

55

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Apallaga katangensis katangensis (Berger, 1976)

Celaenorrhinus perlustris katangensis Berger, 1976. Lambillionea 75: 94 (75: 92-96; 76: 21-24). Apallaga katangensis katangensis (Berger, 1976). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 222 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Kafakumba, Shaba, IV 1934 (F.G. Overlaet); genitalia Berger H.8.” Allotype female: “R. Mutshindji (Kapanga), Lulua, XII 1933 (F.G. Overlaet); genitalia Berger H.1200.” The types are in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south – Shaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kafakumba (TL); Kapanga (Berger, 1976).

overlaeti Berger, 1976 (as female f. of Celaenorrhinus perlustris katangensis). Lambillionea 75: 95 (75: 92-96; 76: 21-24). Democratic Republic of Congo: “Shaba, Kapanga”.

Apallaga katangensis eala Libert, 2014

Apallaga katangensis eala Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 224 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Eala, X 1935 (J. Ghesquiere); genitalia Berger H.1202.” The Holotype is in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Eala (TL); Flandria (Libert, 2014a).

Apallaga katangensis minor Libert, 2014

Apallaga katangensis minor Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Kilau, N Kivu, VII 2013 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 114-037; BOLD: MLIB-1334.” Allotype female: “Kibale, N Kivu, VII 2013 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 114-041; BOLD: MLIB-1338.” The types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kilau (TL); Kibale (Allotype); Kanyambia (Libert, 2014a).

*Apallaga daroa (Evans, 1937)

Celaenorrhinus illustris daroa Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 23 (212 pp.). Apallaga daroa (Evans, 1937). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 226 (272 pp.). n. comb., stat. rev.

56

Type locality: Uganda: Holotype male: “Daro Forest, Toro, 4,000 feet, 25-29 X 1911 (S.A. Neave); BMNH(E) # 983832.” Neallotype female: “Daro Forest, Toro, 4,000 feet, 25-29 X 1911 (S.A. Neave); BMNH(E) # 983833.” The types are in the N.H.M., London.

Distribution of Apallaga daroa

Uganda.

Distribution: Uganda (west). Specific localities: Uganda – Daro Forest (TL); Kigezi (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga adora Libert, 2014

Apallaga adora Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 228 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Mont Hoyo, VII 1999 (R. Ducarme); genitalia Libert 110-099; BOLD: MLIB-0069.” Allotype female: “Mont Hoyo, II 1996 (R. Ducarme); BOLD: MLIB-0071.”

Distribution of Apallaga adora

Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo.

57

Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Central African Republic – Bimon, near Bangui (Libert, 2014a). Democratic Republic of Congo – Mount Hoyo (TL); Kuma (Libert, 2014a); Buch, Kivu (Libert, 2014a); Paulis (Libert, 2014a); Kasungo (Libert, 2014a); Kwokoro (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga darlustris Libert, 2014

Apallaga darlustris Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 230 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Mamove, N Kivu, XII 2011 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 112-337; BOLD: MLIB-1014.” Allotype female: “Kilau, N Kivu, VII 2013 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 114-040; BOLD: MLIB-1337.”

Distribution of Apallaga darlustris

Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Central African Republic – Bangui (Libert, 2014a). Democratic Republic of Congo – Mamove (TL); Kilau (Allotype); Mapimbi (Libert, 2014a); Pateka (Libert, 2014a); near Biakatu (Libert, 2014a); Kasuo (Libert, 2014a); Kibale (Libert, 2014a); Kithokolo (Libert, 2014a); Irangi (Libert, 2014a); Baliko-Basayo (Libert, 2014a); Kwokoro (Libert, 2014a); Lukolela (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga inexpectata Libert, 2014

Apallaga inexpectata Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 231 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Mapimbi, Kivu, XI 2012 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 112-465; BOLD: MLIB-1107.” Allotype female: “Pateka, N Kivu, IV 2011 (ABRI 58 leg); genitalia Libert 112-458; BOLD: MLIB-0666.”

Distribution of Apallaga inexpectata

Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mapimbi (TL); Pateka (Allotype); Mamove (Libert, 2014a); Pateka (Libert, 2014a); Beni (Libert, 2014a); Irumu (Libert, 2014a); Baliko-Basayo near Kisangani (Libert, 2014a); Kwokoro (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857)# Large Flat

Resting males of the Large Sprite (Apallaga mokeezi separata) Images courtesy Jeremy Dobson (left) and Raimund Schutte (right)

Pterygospidea mokeezi Wallengren, 1857. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm annis 1838- 1845. Collecta (n.s.) 2 (4): 54 (55 pp.). Nisoniades mokeezi Wallengren. Trimen, 1866a. Pterygospidea mokeezi Wallengren, 1857. Trimen & Bowker, 1889. Celaenorrhinus mokeezi Wallengren. Swanepoel, 1953a. Celaenorrhinus mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Celaenorrhinus mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857). Pringle et al., 1994: 310. Celaenorrhinus mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857). Mecenero et al., 2013: 75. Apallaga mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 271 (272 pp.). 59

Apallaga mokeezi mokeezi. Male (Wingspan 44 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Howick, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 8 February 2004. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Apallaga mokeezi mokeezi. Female (Wingspan 48 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Umtamvuna River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 24 March 2002. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [South Africa]: “Caffraria”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/m).

Distribution of Apallaga mokeezi

South Africa – KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province, Western Cape Province. [ssp. mokeezi – red dots].

Mozambique, South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal), Swaziland. [ssp. separata – green dots].

Alternative common name: Kersfees-bosjagtertjie (Afrikaans). Distribution: Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland (Duke et al., 1999). Because there appears to be no geographical division between the two described subspecies it appears that they may represent forms of the same species or that they may be different species (Mecenero et al., 2013). Habitat: Coastal and montane forest (Pringle et al., 1994). Habits: Flies about rapidly in dappled glades and clearings in forest. Settles with the wings spread flat, on the upper- or undeside of leaves of low plants (Pringle et al., 1994). Feeds from small flowers in the forest understorey. Males defend territories in the undergrowth. Flight period: The nominate subspecies is double brooded, flying during November and December, and again from February to April; it is far commoner during the latter period. Occasional specimens are encountered as late as June and July. Subspecies separata is single brooded and flies only from

60 February to April (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages:

Aurivillius, 1925. [larva and pupa].

Clark, in Dickson & Kroon, 1978: 210; plate 3 [as Celaenorrhinus mokeezi mokeezi; Durban, KwaZulu-Natal]. “Egg: Laid singly on a leaf. Pure white, but after 5 days it develops a red macula over the micropyle; 0,9 mm diameter by 0,65 mm high, with 25 longitudinal ribs composed of small moles arranged as if to meet staggered cross-bracing. The egg hatches after some 10 days. Shell not eaten by larva after emergence. Larva: 1st instar 1,5 to 3 mm in 7 days; 2nd instar 3 to 4,5 mm in 8 days; 3rd instar 4,5 to 7,5 mm in 8 days; 4th instar 7,5 to 15 mm in 8 days; 5th instar 15 to 28 mm in 12 days. Variable duration of instars. Larva cuts an elliptical slot in a leaf and folds the piece over to form a purse-like cache in which it lives, crawling out at intervals to feed. Moulting takes place within the cache. Pupa: 23 mm. Emergence after 21 days. Pupation takes place within leaves, bound together. Pupa is generally covered with a white powder and is secured by cremastral hooks. The species is multi-brooded.”

Henning et al., 1997.

Larval food: Isoglossa woodii C.B.Clarke (Acanthaceae) [Dickson & Kroon, 1978: 182; for ssp. mokeezi]. Justicia sp. (Acanthaceae) [Aurivillius, 1925].

Apallaga mokeezi mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857)# Southern Large Flat

Pterygospidea mokeezi Wallengren, 1857. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm annis 1838- 1845. Collecta (n.s.) 2 (4): 54 (55 pp.). Nisoniades mokeezi Wallengren. Trimen, 1866a. Pterygospidea mokeezi Wallengren, 1857. Trimen & Bowker, 1889. Celaenorrhinus mokeezi Wallengren. Swanepoel, 1953a. Celaenorrhinus mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Celaenorrhinus mokeezi mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857). Pringle et al., 1994: 310. Celaenorrhinus mokeezi mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857). Mecenero et al., 2013: 75. Apallaga mokeezi mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 271 (272 pp.).

Apallaga mokeezi mokeezi. Male (Wingspan 44 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Howick, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 8 February 2004. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

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Apallaga mokeezi mokeezi. Female (Wingspan 48 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Umtamvuna River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 24 March 2002. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Alternative common name: Suidelike Kersfees-bosjagtertjie (Afrikaans). Type locality: [South Africa]: “Caffraria”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/m). Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal – south, Eastern Cape Province – south-east, Western Cape – south-east). Specific localities: KwaZulu-Natal – Port Shepstone (Swanepoel, 1953); Umkomaas (Swanepoel, 1953); Durban (Swanepoel, 1953); Greytown (Swanepoel, 1953); Karkloof (Swanepoel, 1953); Balgowan (Swanepoel, 1953). Eastern Cape Province – Forest on Hangman’s Bush Hill, above Frankfort (Trimen, 1862); Grahamstown (Swanepoel, 1953); Hogsback (Swanepoel, 1953); King William’s Town (Swanepoel, 1953); East London (Swanepoel, 1953); Stutterheim (Swanepoel, 1953); Kei River (Swanepoel, 1953); Bashee River (Swanepoel, 1953); Port St Johns (Swanepoel, 1953). Western Cape Province – Knysna (Mecenero et al., 2013).

amaponda Trimen, 1862 (as sp. of Hesperia). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (3) 1: 405 (398-406). [South Africa]: “Forest on Hangman’s Bush Hill, above Frankfort”.

Apallaga mokeezi separata (Strand, 1911)# Northern Large Flat

Apallaga separata Strand, 1911. Entomologische Rundschau 28: 144 (143-144). Celaenorrhinus mokeezi separata (Strand, 1911). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Celaenorrhinus mokeezi separata (Strand, 1911). Pringle et al., 1994: 310. Celaenorrhinus mokeezi separata (Strand, 1911). Mecenero et al., 2013: 76. Apallaga mokeezi separata (Strand, 1911). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 272 (272 pp.).

Apallaga mokeezi separata. Male (Wingspan 45 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Lekgalameetse N.R., Limpopo Province, South Africa. 10 April 2006. M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection.

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Apallaga mokeezi separata. Female (Wingspan 50 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Haenertsburg, Limpopo Province, South Africa. 2 January 2003. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Alternative common name: Noordelike Kersfees-bosjagtertjie (Afrikaans). Type locality: Mozambique: “Delagoa Bay”. Holotype in Berlin Museum. Distribution: Mozambique (extreme south), South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu- Natal – north), Swaziland (Duke et al., 1999). Stevenson gives Mount Selinda (Zimbabwe) but Pinhey considers this to be incorrect (Pringle et al., 1994). Specific localities: Mozambique – Maputo (TL). Limpopo Province – Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve (“Malta Forest”) (Swanepoel, 1953); Woodbush (Swanepoel, 1953); Duiwelskloof (Swanepoel, 1953); Louis Trichardt (Swanepoel, 1953); Entabeni Forest (Swanepoel, 1953). Mpumalanga – Barberton (Swanepoel, 1953); Graskop (Swanepoel, 1953); Marieps Kop (Swanepoel, 1953); Buffelspoort Nature Reserve (Williams). KwaZulu-Natal – Eshowe (Swanepoel, 1953); Kosi Bay Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Richard’s Bay (Mecenero et al., 2013). Swaziland – Malolotja N. R. (www.sntc.org.sz).

*Apallaga chrysoglossa (Mabille, 1891) Central Sprite

Ancistrocampta chrysoglossa Mabille, 1891. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 35: 107 (59-88, 106-121, 168- 187). Apallaga chrysoglossa (Mabille, 1891). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 269 (272 pp.).

Apallaga chrysoglossa. Left – male upperside, Cameroon. Right – male underside, Cameroon. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”.

63 Distribution of Apallaga chrysoglossa

Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Mkpot 1, Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Bipindi (Swinhoe, 1907). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Habitat: Primary forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: An uncommon species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

ploetzi Swinhoe, 1907 (as sp. of Celaenorrhinus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 20: 432 (430-436). Cameroon: “Bipindi, Cameroons”. Regarded to be a synonym of Apallaga chrysoglossa (Mabille, 1891) by Libert (2014: 271).

*Apallaga rutilans (Mabille, 1877) Large Sprite

Plesioneura rutilans Mabille, 1877. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 7: 40 (39-40). Apallaga rutilans (Mabille, 1877). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 235 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Apallaga rutilans rutilans. Female upperside, Cameroon. Image courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: “Congo”. Libert (2014: 235) designated a Neotype and a Neallotype. Neotype male: “<< 64 Congo >>; BMNH(E) # 983829.” Neallotype female: “Bidjouka, Cameroun, I 1991 (M. Libert); genitalia Libert 112-159.” The Neotype is in the N.H.M., London. The Neallotype is in the M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Angola (Cabinda), Congo, Central African Republic. Recorded, apparently in error, from Zambia by Ackery et al., 1995 (Heath et al., 2002). Records west of Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a; Safian, 2014) refer to either A. ashanti (Libert, 2014) or A. safiani (Libert, 2014). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Apallaga rutilans rutilans (Mabille, 1877)

Plesioneura rutilans Mabille, 1877. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 7: 40 (39-40). Apallaga rutilans rutilans (Mabille, 1877). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 235 (272 pp.).

Apallaga rutilans rutilans. Female upperside, Cameroon. Image courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: “Congo”. Libert (2014: 235) designated a Neotype and a Neallotype. Neotype male: “<< Congo >>; BMNH(E) # 983829.” Neallotype female: “Bidjouka, Cameroun, I 1991 (M. Libert); genitalia Libert 112-159.” The Neotype is in the N.H.M., London. The Neallotype is in the M.N.H.N., Paris.

Distribution of Apallaga rutilans

Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola, Congo, Central African Republic. [ssp. rutilans – red dots]

Central African Republic. [ssp. banguianus – green dots]

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Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola (Cabinda), Congo, Central African Republic. Recorded, apparently in error, from Zambia by Ackery et al., 1995 (Heath et al., 2002). Records west of Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a; Safian, 2014) refer to either A. ashanti (Libert, 2014) or A. safiani (Libert, 2014). Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Victoria (Plötz, 1879); Batouri (Libert, 2014a); Mintom (Libert, 2014a); Bonge (Libert, 2014a); Itoki (Libert, 2014a); Moloundou (Libert, 2014a). Equatorial Guinea – Alen (Libert, 2014a); Bioko (Libert, 2014a). Gabon – Talaguga (Vande weghe, 2010); Ogove (Vande weghe, 2010); Mayumba (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010). Angola – Cabinda Province (Mendes et al., 2013); Landana (Libert, 2014a). Congo – Ouesso (Libert, 2014a); Sembe (Libert, 2014a); Bena (Libert, 2014a); Dimonika (Libert, 2014a); Fort Rousset (Libert, 2014a). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998); Bayanga (Libert, 2014a).

tergemira Hewitson, 1877 (as sp. of Pterygospidea). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 20: 323 (319-328). [Equatorial Guinea]: “Fernando Poo [Bioko]”. Type in the N.H.M., London. Regarded to be a synonym of Apallaga rutilans rutilans (Mabille, 1877) by Libert (2014: 235).

woermanni Plötz, 1879 (as sp. of Tagiades). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 40: 362 (353-364). “Cameroon”. Regarded to be a synonym of Apallaga rutilans rutilans (Mabille, 1877) by Libert (2014: 235).

Apallaga rutilans banguianus Libert, 2014

Apallaga rutilans banguianus Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 236 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Central African Republic: Holotype male: “Bouchia, VIII 1985 (S. Collins).” The Holotype male is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Distribution: Central African Republic. Specific localities: Central African Republic – Bouchia (TL); Mbaiki (Libert, 2014a); Bangui (Libert, 2014a).

*Apallaga cuypersi Libert, 2014

Apallaga cuypersi Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 238 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Lukolela, Equateur, V 2012 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 112-478; BOLD: MLIB-1010.” Allotype female: “Lukolela, Equateur, III-VI 2013 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 114-015; BOLD: MLIB-1030.” The types are in A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

66 Distribution of Apallaga cuypersi

Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Lukolela (TL); Mbandaka (Libert, 2014a); Kapanga (Libert, 2014a); Paulis (Libert, 2014a); Elisabetha (Libert, 2014a); Djeka-Mbudu (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga ducarmei Libert, 2014

Apallaga ducarmei Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 239 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Mamove, Kivu, X 2010 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 112-353; BOLD: MLIB-0678.” Allotype female: “Pateka, N Kivu X 2012 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 112-359; BOLD: MLIB-1008.”

Distribution of Apallaga ducarmei

Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mamove (TL); Pateka (Allotype); Kisangani (Libert, 2014a); Kuma (Libert, 2014a); Budjala (Libert, 2014a); Bokote (Libert, 2014a); Mbandaka (Libert, 2014a);

67 Lukolela (Libert, 2014a); Kapanga (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga ashanti Libert, 2014

Apallaga ashanti Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 240 (272 pp.).

Apallaga ashanti. Left – male upperside, Ghana. Right – male underside, Ghana. Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Ghana: Holotype male: “Kibi, Atewa Mtn, I 2008 (ABRI leg.); [BOLD: MLIB-0372].” Allotype female: “Kuisa, Ashantis, Ghana, 3 III 1896 (Clements); genitalia Libert 111-107.” The Holotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. The Allotype is in the M.N.H.N., Paris.

Distribution of Apallaga ashanti

Ghana.

Distribution: Ghana. Specific localities: Ghana – Kibi (TL); Kuisa (Allotype); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Mt Atiwiredu (Libert, 2014a); Accra (Libert, 2014a); Ankasa (Libert, 2014a); Boukro (Libert, 2014a); Tinte (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

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*Apallaga safiani Libert, 2014

Apallaga safiani Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 242 (272 pp.).

Apallaga safiani. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Sanniquellei, Nimba Mountains, Liberia. 11 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Liberia: Holotype male: “Mt Swa, Nimba County, 29 XI-03 XII 2012 (Safian Sz., Tropek R.); BOLD: MLIB-1123.” Allotype female: “East Nimba Nature Reserve, Radio Masts, Nimba Mountains, 1-15 IX 2013 (Safian Sz., Korosi, A.); genitalia Libert 114-014.” The Types are in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga safiani

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast.

Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast. Specific localities: Guinea – Nimba area (Larsen, 2005a); Ziela (Libert, 2014a). Sierra Leone – Kenema (Larsen, 2005a); Kambui Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Dodo Hills near Panguma (Libert, 2014a); Gola forest (Libert, 2014a). Liberia – Mt Swa (TL); East Nimba Nature Reserve (Allotype); Mt Beeton (Libert, 2014a); Mt Blei (Libert, 2014a). Ivory Coast – Issia (Larsen, 2005a); Gagnoa (Larsen, 2005a); Danane (Larsen, 2005a); Yeale (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest (Safian, 2014). Habits: Hilltopping behaviour on forested peaks by males has been observed (Safian, 2014). The males are active from 12:30 to 15:00 and make very rapid linear patrols. They occasionally settle on the upper

69 surface of leaves for brief periods. Perches are generally about a metre from the ground and the wings are held flat (Safian, 2014). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga kasai (Evans, 1956)

Celaenorrhinus kasai Evans, 1956. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12) 8: 881 (881-885). Apallaga kasai (Evans, 1956). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 245 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Holotype: “Upper Kasai District, Congo Free State P. Landbeck.” Neallotype female: “Lukolela, Congo River, Equateur, V 2012 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 112-482; BOLD: MLIB-1034.” The Holotype is in the N.H.M., London. The Neallotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi.

Distribution of Apallaga kasai

Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. [ssp. kasai – red dots]

Democratic Republic of Congo. [ssp. kapangana – green dots]

Distribution: Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Apallaga kasai kasai (Evans, 1956)

Celaenorrhinus kasai Evans, 1956. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12) 8: 881 (881-885). Apallaga kasai kasai (Evans, 1956). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 245 (272 pp.).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Holotype: “Upper Kasai District, Congo Free State P. Landbeck.” Neallotype female: “Lukolela, Congo River, Equateur, V 2012 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 112-482; BOLD: MLIB-1034.” The Holotype is in the N.H.M., London. The Neallotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Distribution: Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai, Tshuapa, Sankuru). Specific localities: Congo – Mvouti (Libert, 2014a). Democratic Republic of Congo – Upper Kasai District (TL); Lukolela (Neallotype); Kuma (Libert, 2014a); Eala (Libert, 2014a); Flandria (Libert, 2014a); Bokote (Libert, 2014a); Bobey (Libert, 2014a); Bena Dibele (Libert, 2014a); Route Djeka-Mbudi (Libert, 2014a); Katako-Kombe (Libert, 2014a); Mwetshi (Libert, 2014a); Lusambo (Libert, 2014a).

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Apallaga kasai kapangana (Berger, 1976)

Celaenorrhinus kasai kapangana Berger, 1976. Lambillionea 75 (11-12): 92 (75: 92-96; 76: 21-24). Apallaga kasai kapangana (Berger, 1976). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 246 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Kapanga, VI 1933 (F.G. Overlaet)”. Allotype female: “Kapanga, IV 1933 (F.G. Overlaet).” The types are in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Katanga). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kapanga (TL); Kaniama (Libert, 2014a); Kafakumba (Libert, 2014a).

*Apallaga orientalis Libert, 2014

Apallaga orientalis Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 247 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Baliko-Basayo, 30 km E Kisangani, VIII-IX 2013 (ABRI leg.); genitalia Libert 114-020; BOLD: MLIB-1314.” Allotype female: “Stanleyville, 1925 (J. Ghesquiere).” The Holotype is in the A.B.R.I., Nairobi. The Allotype is in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium.

Distribution of Apallaga orientalis

Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Baliko-Basayo (TL); Stanleyville (Allotype); Kisangani (Libert, 2014a); Bangupo (Libert, 2014a); Bafwasende (Libert, 2014a); Opala (Libert, 2014a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga suzannae (Berger, 1976)

Celaenorrhinus suzannae Berger, 1976. Lambillionea 75: 93 (75: 92-96; 76: 21-24). Apallaga suzannae (Berger, 1976). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 247 (272 pp.). n. comb. 71

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Eala, VIII 1936 (J. Ghesquiere); genitalia Libert 114-020.” The Holotype is in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium.

Distribution of Apallaga suzannae

Democratic Republic of Congo.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Eala, Sankuru). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Eala (TL); Kuma (Libert, 2014a); Katako-Djeka (Libert, 2014a); Owando (Libert, 2014a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga kimboza (Evans, 1949)

Celaenorrhinus kimboza Evans, 1949. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12) 2: 54 (54-56). Apallaga kimboza (Evans, 1959). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 270 (272 pp.). [date erroneous]

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Kimboza Forest, Uluguru Mts, Tanganyika”.

Distribution of Apallaga kimboza

Tanzania.

Distribution: Tanzania.

72 Specific localities: Tanzania – Kimboza Forest, Uluguru Mountains (TL). Habitat: Limestone forest vegetation, at the foot (250 to 400 m) of the Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Flies along narrow pathways inside forest (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga sanjeensis (Kielland, 1990)

Celaenorrhinus sanjeensis Kielland, 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania: 229 (363 pp.) Melbourne. Apallaga sanjeensis (Kielland, 1990). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 272 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Tanzania: “Kilombero, Sanje, Mwanihana Forest, 800 m”. Holotype (male) in the Natural History Museum, London (Kielland, 1990d). Original description: “Closely related to C. kimboza. Antenna below whitened at base of club; palpi brown with a white streak laterally. Male. Ground colour blackish brown; f.w. with a wide, slightly curved median cream-coloured band, its distal edge more even than in kimboza, and its costal spot nearly as wide as the cell spot; three subapical hyaline spots, arranged in a straight line; h.w. without markings. Underside as the upperside; cilia in both wings as the ground colour; inner fold of h.w. as the ground colour. Length of f.w. 23.5 mm. Female as the male, but a little larger; f.w. median band white, except the spot near costa which is pale yellowish as in the female of kimboza; no hyaline dot in space 4 (this dot is also lacking in one of my kimboza females). Length of f.w. 24.2 mm.”

Distribution of Apallaga sanjeensis

Tanzania.

Distribution: Tanzania (south-central – Udzungwa Mountains). Specific localities: Tanzania – Mwanihana Forest (TL); Kihansi Gorge (Cock & Congdon, 2011b). Habitat: Forest below 1000 m (Cock & Congdon, 2011b). Types caught on the banks of a stream (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages:

Cock & Congdon, 2011b: 19 [ovum, larva & pupa]

Larval food: Justicia interrupta (Lindau) C.B. Clarke (Acanthaceae) [Cock & Congdon, 2011b; Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania]. Justicia pseudorungia Lindau (Acanthaceae) [Cock & Congdon, 2011b; Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania].

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*Apallaga cordeironis (Kielland, 1992)

Celaenorrhinus cordeironis Kielland, 1992. Metamorphosis 3: 149 (148-153). Apallaga cordeironis (Kielland, 1992). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 269 (272 pp.).

Type locality: Tanzania: “Tanzania, Mtai Forest, East Usambara, 325m, 13.vii.1990, Norbert Cordeiro.” Described from two males. The female is unknown. Location of types not stated. Diagnosis: Similar to Apallaga kimboza but forewing upperside subapical spots smaller; discal yellow band much more curved along its outer margin (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

Distribution of Apallaga cordeironis

Tanzania.

Distribution: Tanzania (north-east). Specific localities: Tanzania – Mtai Forest, East Usambara Mountains (TL; Cordeiro). Habitat: Lowland forest (300 m) on the East Usambara Mountains. Habits: Males were taken close to a stream (Kielland, 1992). Flight period: Recorded in July (Kielland, 1992). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Apallaga rubeho (Kielland, 1990)

Celaenorrhinus rubeho Kielland, 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania: 229 (363 pp.) Melbourne. Apallaga rubeho (Kielland, 1990). Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 250 (272 pp.). n. comb.

Type locality: Tanzania: Holotype male: “Mpwapwa District, Rubeho Mts., Mafwemiru Forest, Lufuzi River, 1900 m, 8 II 1984 (J. Kielland); genitalia Kielland 3017.” Female unknown (Kielland, 1990d). Holotype in the Natural History Museum, London. Original description: “Similar to C. galenus, but lacking f.w. pale orange subapical spot in space 3, instead there is a spot in space 3 close to the pale orange median band; the spot in 4 is very small; the conjoined ones in 6, 7 and 8 are short and more rounded than in galenus; a dark orange subcostal streak proximad of the median band; the subbasal dark orange spot in 1b is a tiny streak and bordered with black; the median spot in 1b is placed at an angle to the spot in 1c, with lower end pointing towards tornus. H.w. as in galenus, but orange margin reaches apex and beyond; submarginal orange spots rounded and separated from margin by the dark reddish-brown ground colour; a rectangular orange postdiscal spot at cell end and a tiny one in mid cell. F.w. underside as upperside; h.w. with 74 orange markings paler and much more extended; marginal pale orange band broad and conjoined with the submarginal spots from space 3 to costa; there are a number of additional orange spots as in galenus, and also a large one in mid space 7. Cilia of f.w. brown. Head is lacking. Length of f.w. 20.2 mm. Male genitalia (fig. 173). Tegumen and uncus much larger and differently shaped than in galenus (fig. 171); distal end of uncus wide with the two lateral lobes widely separated; saccus rather long and slender; valva ending in a sharp point; dorsal appendix pointed and strongly sclerotized; aedeagus very long and comparatively slender, slightly kinked in distal portion; vesica with one cornutus; phallobase strongly dentate in lower region. Female unknown.”

Distribution of Apallaga rubeho

Tanzania.

Distribution: Tanzania. Specific localities: Tanzania – Mafwemiru Forest, Rubeho Mountains (TL); Mt Kwaraha (Mt Kwaraa), south of Lake Manyara (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Forest, at 1 900 to 2 000 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: As for Apallaga galenus (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

75