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Toilet Training of Infants and Children in Australia: 2010 Parental Attitudes and Practices
The Restraint Project UNSW Toilet training in Australia: 2010 Toilet training of infants and children in Australia: 2010 parental attitudes and practices Anna Christie B Juris LLB (UNSW) , MPA (U Syd), M Env Law (USyd) Research completed under a grant from The Australian Research Council, under the umbrella of The Restraint Project Lead Investigator Professor James Franklin, School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Euphemistically named “pull-ups” are a visually engaging and increasingly engineered sanitary product designed to capture a market that less than one generation ago was toilet trained at the age of the girl pictured on the packaging. This product is aimed at children 3-4 years of age (average weight/age charts show only the largest 3 year olds to reach 17 kilos). It is right that excessive taboos about sanitary products should be avoided, but nappy advertising and packaging like this appear to be advocating the fun, confidence building and lifestyle advantages of the products. The claim that they are “training pants” in any way is unsupported. The child is portrayed as happy. In effect, the product symbolises the abandonment of toilet training in Australia today. 1 The Restraint Project UNSW Toilet training in Australia: 2010 Introduction 5 1.1Background story 5 1.2 Why do we care whether toilet training is occurring later? 6 1.2.1Epidemiological concerns such as the rise in lower urinary tract dysfunction 6 1.2.2 Waste and environmental concerns 7 1.2.3 Philosophical and ideological factors 7 1.2.4 Phenomenon now spreads to newly developed countries 7 1.3 The Restraint Project survey of parents, 2009-2010 7 1.4 Key questions we asked 8 2. -
The Psychological Advantages of Enhanced Sensitive Attunement Through Nappy-Free Elimination Communication
The Psychological Advantages of Enhanced Sensitive Attunement Through Nappy-Free Elimination Communication Miranda Thorpe Registered Psychotherapist, Psychotherapy at Apollo, Auckland Abstract The emotional and environmental impact of transitioning from a nappy-free culture to a society dependent on disposable nappies comes at a cost. After a seven-month “baby observation” travelling through Asia, my hypothesis is that the traditional indigenous method of managing the baby’s elimination enhances attunement, bonding, and attachment, and when the child feels held in mind by the mother in this way he is more emotionally regulated and somatically connected. However, the exponential use of disposable nappies may be our blind spot where neither the dangers to the psychological and physical health of the future generation, nor to the planet, are being held in mind. Waitara He utu ka tau ki te taha kare-ā-roto, taha pūtaiao mai i te whakawhitinga i tētahi ahurei kope pātea ki tētahi hapori whakamau kope whiu. I muri mai i te mātakitakinga kōhungahunga i te haerērētanga i Āhia, e whakapae ana au nā te tikanga whakahaere whakaputa para a te kōhungahunga ka hōhonu kē ake te piri te pirihonga, ā, inā rongo te tamaiti i te pēnei o tōna mau ki tōna whāea ka mauri tau ake te atoato. Heoi anō, ko te mahi tautokonga mau kope whiu pea tō tātou whakapuranga kanohi inā te kore e whakaaro ake ki ngā tūpatonga ki te oranga hinengaro oranga tinana ki ngā rēanga o anamata, tae atu hoki ki a Papatuanuku. Keywords: Elimination Communication; disposable; nappy; attunement; indigenous; mentalization; somatic; environment Thorpe, M. -
Babies' Bottoms for a Better World
BABIES’ BOTTOMS FOR A BETTER WORLD HYGIENE, MODERNITIES AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN NORTHWEST CHINA AND AUSTRALASIA KELLY FRANCES DOMBROSKI A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, School of Humanities and Communication Arts, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2012 For the regulars on ec8ANZ — virtual friends who kept it real. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Over the six years of researching and writing this thesis there have been many, many individuals who have contributed in some way. Thanks are due to the following, and more besides. At the Australian National University: thanks to Winifred Loy, Jo Busby, Sandra Davenport, Tim Sharp, Pyone Myat Thu, Mei- Ling Ellerman, and Tamara Jacka. Special thanks to Ann Hill for ongoing intellectual and emotional support. In Canberra: Victoria and Edwin Gibbons, the Govender family, and members of Grace Canberra. At Qinghai Minyuan: thanks to the teachers in the waiban, especially Helena and Mr Bai. Ma Sheng Mei for excellence in Mandarin tuition, and ongoing assistance in many fieldwork matters. Student transcribers Amy Sun Xiao Fei, Xiao Shi, and Helen Po Ping Nian. Research assistants Sophie Ma Jin Ping, and Jonathan Ma Xiao Long. In Xining: All the fabulous people who allowed me to follow them around or interview them. Special thanks to those I cannot name but will always be grateful to. Also thanks to members of our house church and, later, of Xining International Fellowship. The Braun family for fun and friendship. Melinda, Mim, Greg, Xiao Ming, Claudia, the Chei family, and others for all kinds of assistance. -
The Diaper-Free Baby with the Instinct Not to Soil Themselves
the DIAPER- FREE BABY The Natural Toilet Training Alternative Christine Gross-Loh This book is dedicated to my two little diaper-free babies, Benjamin and Daniel, who, from the moment of birth, opened my heart to all that babies and children have to say to us. CONTENTS Foreword v 1. What Is EC, and Why Should I Do It with My Baby? 1 2. Gathering Support and Making the Leap 21 3. Getting Ready to EC: Gear and Other Fun Stuff 39 4. Newborn Bliss: Getting to Know Your Baby, Getting Started on EC 59 5. EC’ing During Middle Infancy: Smooth Sailing 83 6. The Joys of EC’ing Your Mobile Baby 119 7. EC’ing Your Toddler 149 8. Final Hurdles and Graduation 169 9. If Your Situation Is a Little Different 187 Resources 203 Acknowledgments 207 Index 211 About the Author Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher FOREWORD By Melinda Rothstein and Rachel Milgroom, cofounders of DiaperFreeBaby™ We both entered motherhood expecting to change years of dia- pers, just like every parent we had ever known. Melinda thought of taking her one-week-old son to the bathroom when she knew he was about to go, but dismissed it immediately as ridiculous because she’d never known anyone who did it. Rachel was dedicated to the idea that a child should be helped to learn to use the toilet at a young age, but thought that meant starting at around a year old and that anything younger would be impossible and incredibly messy. Only after being encouraged by other parents did we start to consider an alternative to full-time diapering. -
Baby in Sync
Baby in sync The Emotionally Connected Baby by Miranda Thorpe 1 The Emotionally Connected Baby by Miranda Thorpe 2 The Emotionally Connected Baby by Miranda Thorpe 3 The Emotionally Connected Baby by Miranda Thorpe Contents Dedication............................................................... 4 Acknowledgements………………………………..5 Introduction..............................................................6 What is Elimination Communication?.....................8 Emotional advantages of EC...................................23 Bali 2007-12............................................................39 Research..................................................................48 Environment ...........................................................50 Composition of a disposable...................................56 Later toilet training..................................................61 SE Asian trip 2013-14.............................................66 Observations and reflections of trip........................73 Observations of Asian societies..............................84 Conclusions.............................................................98 References..............................................................100 4 The Emotionally Connected Baby by Miranda Thorpe Dedication This book is dedicated to my large, beautiful, fascinating and complex family whom I love with all my heart. My love and gratitude goes out to Mark, my husband, who has consistently loved, encouraged and supported me throughout this project without encroaching -
Hybrid Activist Collectives: Reframing Mothers' Environmental and Caring
Hybrid Activist Collectives: Reframing mothers’ environmental and caring labour. Introduction It was not so long ago that feminist activists of the second wave gathered behind the slogan ‘the personal is political’ and embraced a politics of ubiquity that recognized the power of women acting in multiple yet particular places (Gibson-Graham, 2005). While forms of organized activism certainly played an important role as well, the widespread and contemporaneous nature of the second-wave feminist revolution resulted primarily from forms of geographically dispersed global activism conducted without coherent central organization. This politics of ubiquity relied on the fact that because women are everywhere, a woman is always somewhere, and in these ‘somewheres’ gender relations could be renegotiated (Gibson-Graham, 2005). Two important sites of renegotiation were ‘the places closest in’ (Underhill-Sem, 2005): the body and the home. In particular, feminists reframed and challenged naturalised understandings of the reproductive and nurturing capacities of women’s bodies, and the domestic sphere as a women’s natural place of work and responsibility. While feminist activism is still current and important in these two sites, in this paper I am interested in extending our reframing of women’s embodied and home- based caring labour with reference to environmental as well as social activism. In other words, activism for, and with, the ‘more-than-human’ (Whatmore, 2006). Firstly, though, what do I mean by activism? I am inclined to take the simple definition of activism, that is, a form of direct action for or against some kind of change, what Blomley refers to as ‘progressive struggles’ (Blomley, 1994). -
2006 PULA Catal.Pdf
BOOKS • PERIODICALS • MULTIMEDIA AUDIO • VIDEO PUBLIC LIBRARY ASSOCIATION Boston, MA – March 22-24, 2006 See all these titles, and others on the Internet at www.cbedatabase.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Entry # Page # 000 - GENERALITIES ............................................ 1-14A ...................... 1 100 - PHILOSOPHY ............................................... 15-31 ....................... 1 200- RELIGION ...................................................... 32-44 ...................... 2 300- SOCIAL SCIENCES ....................................... 45-96 ...................... 2 500 - PURE SCIENCES ......................................... 97-102 .................... 3 600 - TECHNOLOGY ................................. ………. 103-183 .................. 4 700 - THE ARTS ..................................................... 184-199G ............... 6 800 - LITERATURE ................................................ 200-258 .................. 7 900 - GENERAL GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY.. ....... 259-293 .................. 8 JUVENILE & YOUNG ADULT FICTION ................. 294-393 ................. 9 JUVENILE & YOUNG ADULT NON-FICTION ........ 394-428 ................. 12 PICTURE BOOKS .................................................. 429-534 ................. 13 JUVENILE & YOUNG ADULT MULTICULTURAL .. 535-540 ................. 15 AUDIO .................................................................... 541 ........................ 16 VIDEO ..................................................................... 542-545 ............... -
Discover the 7 Secrets to Elimination Communication... Thank You for Downloading My Free Ebook
0 Set Your EC Approach to Positive: Remember the 7 Secrets. Visit www.TribalBaby.org to buy the full eBook… Discover the 7 Secrets to Elimination Communication Build Your EC Confidence with Ease! Written by Charndra Josling A Quick Intro: The 7 Secrets to Developing Your Nappy Free Confidence provide a broad understanding of how EC works. They highlight those attitudes, approaches and strategies that will ensure you are heading in the right direction, a positive direction. Prepare yourself with the right mind-set. Set your approach to positive: remember the 7 secrets. Have Fun Connecting… Charndra www.TribalBaby.org PLEASE SHARE THIS EBOOK... This eBook is designed to be shared far and wide – do help it on its way! The content of this eBook is Copyright ©2012 by Charndra Josling. You MAY transmit this eBook to your friends, to anyone who might like to explore this concept of elimination communication, online, via email - provided nothing is changed. This eBook is a gift to you from www.TribalBaby.org Set Your EC Approach to Positive: Remember the 7 Secrets. Visit www.TribalBaby.org to buy the full eBook… Discover the 7 Secrets to Elimination Communication... Thank you for downloading my free eBook. It will inspire and encourage you to give EC a go! You can now explore the many resources included. Let’s get started! Start here to build your EC confidence: Table of Contents: Secret #1: Keep Your Approach Light-hearted – Have Fun. Changing Table Guide to Secret # 1 Bonus #1: My Favourite Potty Songs Secret # 2: Stay Relaxed, and Be Flexible in Your Options – It’s Easy. -
Postprint : Author's Final Peer-Reviewed Version
This item is the archived peer-reviewed author-version of: ‘Elimination signals’ in healthy, NON toilet trained children aged 0–4 years : a systematic review Reference: Vermandel Alexandra, Van Hal Guido F., Van der Cruyssen Kelly, Van Aggelpoel Tinne, Neels Hedw ig, De Win Gunter, de Wachter Stefan.- ‘Elimination signals’ in healthy, NON toilet trained children aged 0–4 years : a systematic review Journal of pediatric urology - ISSN 1477-5131 - Oxford, Elsevier sci ltd, 16:3(2020), p. 342-349 Full text (Publisher's DOI): https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPUROL.2020.03.003 To cite this reference: https://hdl.handle.net/10067/1693270151162165141 Institutional repository IRUA ‘ELIMINATION SIGNALS’ IN HEALTHY, NON TOILET TRAINED CHILDREN AGED 0- 4 YEARS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SUMMARY Objective: An early start of toilet training, which is related to a younger age of acquiring full bladder control, can generate important health advantages. Infants display different 'elimination signals' related to voiding or defaecation. The aim of this systematic review is to map these ‘elimination signals’ in young, healthy children aged 0 - 4 years. Method: The systematic literature search was performed in two databases and was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta- analyses (PRISMA statement). Results: Two main distinctions in elimination signals were made. The first could be classified as visual, auditory and tactile, most frequently involving a change in facial expression, often combined with body movements and verbal expressions such as a short cry or grunting. Secondly. significant changes in heart rate, respiratory frequency or EEG frequency could be defined as 'clinically assessed elimination signals'. -
The Effectiveness of Different Methods of Toilet Training for Bowel and Bladder Control
Evidence Report/Technology Assessment Number 147 The Effectiveness of Different Methods of Toilet Training for Bowel and Bladder Control Prepared for: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 540 Gaither Road Rockville, MD 20850 www.ahrq.gov Contract No. 290-02-0023 Prepared by University of Alberta Evidence-based Practice Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Investigators Terry P. Klassen, M.D., M.S., F.R.C.P.C. Darcie Kiddoo, M.D., F.R.C.S.C. Mia E. Lang, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.A.P., F.R.C.P.C. Carol Friesen, M.L.I.S., M.A. Kelly Russell, B.Sc. Carol Spooner, M.S., B.Sc.N. Ben Vandermeer, M.S. AHRQ Publication No. 07-E003 December 2006 This report is based on research conducted by the University of Alberta Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) under contract to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, MD (Contract No. 290-02-0023). The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the author(s), who are responsible for its content, and do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ. No statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The information in this report is intended to help clinicians, employers, policymakers, and others make informed decisions about the provision of health care services. This report is intended as a reference and not as a substitute for clinical judgment. This report may be used, in whole or in part, as the basis for the development of clinical practice guidelines and other quality enhancement tools, or as a basis for reimbursement and coverage policies. -
Natural Parenting ― Back to Basics in Infant Care
Evolutionary Psychology www.epjournal.net – 2007. 5(1): 102-183 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Original Article Natural Parenting ― Back to Basics in Infant Care Regine A. Schön, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Email: [email protected] (Corresponding author) Maarit Silvén, Department of Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. Abstract: This review examines an age-old approach to parenting recently rediscovered in Western industrialized societies and known by names such as natural parenting, attachment parenting, and instinctive parenting. Its leading principle is utmost sensitivity to the child’s innate emotional and physical needs, resulting in extended breastfeeding on demand, extensive infant carrying on the caregiver’s body, and cosleeping of infant and parents. The described practices prevailed during the evolutionary history of the human species and reflect the natural, innate rearing style of the human species to which the human infant has biologically adapted over the course of evolution. An overview of research from diverse areas regarding psychological as well as physiological aspects of early care provides evidence for the beneficial effects of natural parenting. Cross-cultural and historical data is cited to reveal the widespread use of the investigated parenting style. It is concluded that the described approach to parenting provides the human infant with an ideal environment for optimal growth both psychologically and physiologically. It is yet to be determined how much departure from this prototype of optimal human parenting is possible without compromising infant and parental wellbeing. The review also invites a critical reevaluation of current Western childrearing practices. Keywords: natural parenting, attachment parenting, infant carrying, breastfeeding, bed sharing, prototype of optimal human parenting. -
The Psychological Advantages of Enhanced Sensitive Attunement Through Nappy Free Elimination Communication
The Psychological Advantages of Enhanced Sensitive Attunement Through Nappy Free Elimination Communication Miranda Thorpe Registered Psychotherapist, Psychotherapy at Apollo Abstract The emotional and environmental impact of transitioning from a nappy-free culture to a society dependent on disposable nappies comes at a cost. After a seven-month “baby observation” travelling through Asia, my hypothesis is that the traditional indigenous method of managing the baby’s elimination enhances attunement, bonding and attachment, and when the child feels held in mind by the mother in this way he is more emotionally regulated and somatically connected. However, the exponential use of disposable nappies may be our blind spot where neither the dangers to the psychological and physical health of the future generation, nor to the planet, are being held in mind. Waitara He utu ka tau ki te taha kare-ā-roto, taha pūtaiao mai i te whakawhitinga i tētahi ahurei kope pātea ki tētahi hapori whakamau kope whiu. I muri mai i te mātakitakinga kōhungahunga i te haerērētanga i Āhia, e whakapae ana au nā te tikanga whakahaere whakaputa para a te kōhungahunga ka hōhonu kē ake te piri te pirihonga, ā, inā rongo te tamaiti i te pēnei o tōna mau ki tōna whāea ka mauri tau ake te atoato. Heoi anō, ko te mahi tautokonga mau kope whiu pea tō tātou whakapuranga kanohi inā te kore e whakaaro ake ki ngā tūpatonga ki te oranga hinengaro oranga tinana ki ngā rēanga o anamata, tae atu hoki ki a Papatuanuku. Key words: Elimination Communication; disposable; nappy; attunement; indigenous; mentalization; somatic; environment My interest in this issue began during a 2007 visit to Bali when I observed how effortlessly the mothers managed the ablutions of their very young babies who only wore cotton shorts without any form of nappy.