Language: English Original: English

Project Title: NORTH – WEST GRID NYAKANAZI- (132 kV) POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT Project Number : P-TZ-FA0-013

Country: Department: RDGE1/COTZ Division: PERN1 Project Category: 1

1. Introduction The North West Grid Project involves the construction of approximately 1080 km of transmission line between and Nyakanazi, and is divided in three sections;

 Section 1 - Nyakanazi – Kigoma – Mpanda the line route is about 530 km (Nyakanazi – Kigoma 280 km and Kigoma – Mpanda 250 km);  Section 2- Mpanda - section which is the is about 230 km;  Section 3- Sumbawanga– Tunduma Mbeya section which is about 320 km.

Part of Section 1, the Nyakanazi – Kigoma, 280 km 400 kV line and associated substations will be financed by the African Development and Economic Development Cooperation Korea (EDCF) respectively. The financing will also include construction of 132 kV evacuation facilities for the proposed 44.8 MW Malagarasi hydropower project (HPP), integration of existing Kigoma/Kasulu distribution 33 kV network to the national grid and construction of distribution system to serve potential consumers in Kigoma . This summary is for the portion to be co-financed by the EDCF but it has been prepared considering that it is part of the overall project scope and will be disclosed as an addendum to the ESIA for the 400 Kv to be financed by the AfDB. 2. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework The ESIA for the project was conducted within the framework of a number of national legislation and policies relevant to the project, as well as the relevant environmental and social requirements of the Bank, and co-financiers. 2.1 Legal Framework 2.1.1 Constitution, 1977–1995 (Revised 1997) The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania recognizes the basic rights for its people for the protection of their life by the society in accordance with the law. Among these rights is the right of every citizen to live in a safe and clean environment. Hence the project proponent has the obligation to ensure that apart from contributing to development of Tanzanians, the environment in which the project is developed is free from pollution and degradation by implementing mitigation measures.

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2.1.2 Environmental Management Act, 2004 (Cap 191) The Environmental Management Act Cap 191 is the principal legislation governing environmental management in the country. The Environmental Management Act (EMA) recognizes “the right of every citizen to a clean, safe and healthy environment, and the right of access to environmental resources for recreational, educational, health, spiritual, cultural and economic purposes.” Thus, the EMA “provides a legal framework for coordinating harmonious and conflicting activities by integrating these into overall sustainable environmental management systems by providing key technical support to Sector Ministries.” Section 81, subsection 1 in Part VI, requires project proponents or developers to undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) at his/her own cost prior to commencement or financing of a project or undertaking. The types of projects requiring EIA are listed in the third schedule of the Act and includes electric transmission lines. The EMA prohibits any development to be initiated without an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Certificate. For that matter therefore an Environmental Impact assessment will be prepared for this project. In addition, it sets the environmental quality standards and advocates for developers’ compliance with license conditions including the EIA certificate. 2.1.3 The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005 Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations No. 349 of 2005 were made pursuant to the Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004. These Regulations require that certain categories of projects conduct an EIA before they are implemented so that any negative impacts on the environment can be determined and ways and means defined to address these. The regulations also give an outline of the nature of development projects that need an EIA study and this includes Power transmission lines. According to these regulations, all energy development projects require a mandatory EIA. It is on this basis that NEMC directed TANESCO through the letter with reference number NEMC/179/1/Vol. 25/158 dated 22nd April 2009 to carry out a full EIA study after screening the project brief. The proposed development of a 132 kV power transmission line falls under the category of projects that require mandatory EIA. Item 7 (i) of the First Schedule refers to energy projects and specifically to production and distribution of electricity, gas, steam and geothermal energy as projects that require mandatory EIA. Accordingly, TANESCO conducted an EIA for the project and is the basis of preparation of this summary. 2.1.4 Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority Act (Cap 414) This Act consolidates the laws in relation to energy and water utilities in . Under the Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority Act (EWURA) Act, prior approval of the Minister makes rules in respect of the regulated goods and services. That is, electricity, petroleum, natural gas, water and sewerage sectors. The proposed project falls within the regulated sectors and will therefore require approvals from EWURA. 2.1.5 The Electricity Act, 2008 The Electricity Act No. 10/2008 provides for the facilitation and regulation of generation, transmission, transformation, distribution, supply and use of electric energy, to provide for cross border trade in electricity and the planning and regulation of rural electrification and to provide for related matters. The relevancy of this legislation to the proposed power plant is that the proponent of power plant project has to apply to EWURA for the generation, transmission and sale of electricity.

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2.1.6 The Land Act, 1999 The Land Act, 1999 (No. 4 of 1999) provides for the basic law in relation to land other than the village land, the management of land, settlement of disputes and related matters while Village Land Act, 1999(No. 5 of 1999) provides for the basic law in administration and management of land in relation to land in villages. Part II of the Act section3 provides the fundamental principles of the National Land Policy. The proposed project location is currently legally occupied by other developers/investors and communities. Therefore there is need for TANESCO to follow the legally acceptable procedures for land acquisition for this project. 2.1.7 The Land Acquisition Act, 1967 (Cap 118) According to the Land Acquisition Act, the President may, subject to the provisions of the Act, acquire any land or any estate or term where such land is required for any public purpose. Land shall be deemed to be acquired for a public purpose where it is required for example, for exclusive Government use, for general public use, for any Government scheme, for the development of agricultural land or for the provision of sites for industrial, agricultural or commercial development, social services, or for housing. The land may be acquired where the President is satisfied that a corporation requires land for the purposes of public interest or in the interest of the national economy. The President may also revoke a right of occupancy if in his opinion it is in public interest to do so. Accordingly, the land for which a right of occupancy has been revoked reverts back to the Government for re-allocation pursuant to the existing need(s). It should also be noted here that, though the land belong to the government some changes on the land act has taken place. Land has value to the owner; therefore, any land taken from the user or destroyed property has to be compensated. Based on this Act, any individual person or company who will suffer loss of property due to implementation of this project has a constitutional right to claim compensation for the lost properties. 2.1.8 The Village Land Act, 1999 The Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 confers the management and administration of village lands to Village Councils, under the approval of the Village Assemblies, although the Minister of Lands is entitled to decide on the size of land which can be owned by a single person or commercial entity. The acts also provides for the fundamental principles of National Land Policy. In view of these requirements, TANESCO has to coordinate land use activities with the local ward and village authorities to harmonize with village land use. 2.1.9 The Water Resources Management Act, 2009 Water legislation has been updated to bring it in line with the National Water Policy, 2002. The current Water Resources Management Act No. 11 of 2009 provides for institutional and legal framework for sustainable management and development of water resources; outlines principles for water resources management; provides for the preventions and control of water pollution; provides for participation of stakeholders and the general public in implementation of the National Water Policy; and vests all water in the country to the Government of United Republic of Tanzania and sets procedures and regulations for the extraction of water resources. The Act also set standards for receiving waters and effluent. This act is relevant to the proposed project due to the expected water use during construction and operation phase. 2.1.10 Local Government (District) Authorities Act, 1982 The Local Government (District) Authorities Act No. 7 of 1982 provides for, inter alia, the establishment, composition, functions and legislative powers of district, township councils and village authorities. District

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Councils are in charge of the administration of day-to-day activities within their territories, Wards review and approve the proposed village council projects for further processing by the District Development Committee, while the village council's functions include planning and coordinating activities, assistance and advice to the village residents to undertake and participate in communal enterprises. TANESCO will be expected to liaise with the relevant local authorities during the execution of the project. 2.1.11 The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 2003 This Act makes provisions for the safety, health and welfare of persons at work in factories and other places of work, as well as for the protection of persons other than persons at work against hazards to health and safety arising out of origin connection with activities of persons at work. It advocates for the registration of workplaces and has provisions for workers health and welfare standards, safety requirements, handling and processing of hazardous materials. In addition, it specifies the duties of employers and employees to ensure safety at work. The execution of the t-line project will be subject to this Act. 2.1.12 Employment and Labour Relation Act, 2004 The Employment and Labour Relations Act, section 5-(2) and (3) provides age classification of children labour and type of work to be employed without prejudice their social development. Section 7 provides details on condition of good and reliable employment environment. Furthermore, in section 11-91 the Act makes provisions on wage determination that stipulates a minimum term and condition of employment as the employment standard. Section 11(2) and 14(1) gives details on employment contractual conditions. On the other hand section 19- (1), (2), (3) and (5) state the working durations and overtime conditions. Moreover, section 31 provides detailed information on the employment leave and section 32-(1), (2) and (3) provides the information on the risk and maternity employees on payment status, sick and maternity leave. It is expected that all Contractors will observe these requirements in the employment terms of their workers and TANESCO will be expected to ensure that the Contractors comply. 2.1.13 Workers Compensation Act, 2008 The workers compensation Act No. 20/2008 provides for compensation to employees for disablement or death caused by or resulting from injuries or diseases sustained or contracted in the course of employment. It applies to both workers in the private and public sector; the employer is obliged to pay compensation irrespective of the cause of the accident. It does not matter whether the incapacity or death was due to recklessness of the worker. Where injury occurs, an employee is entitled to recover medical expenses and lost wages resulting from the disability, be it temporary or permanent. The law allows for compensation to dependents or personal representatives where the worker is dead. 2.2. Policy framework 2.2.1 The Energy Policy, 2003 The policy objective is to ensure availability of reliable and affordable energy supplies and their use in a rational and sustainable manner in order to support national development goals, through an efficient energy production, procurement, transportation, distribution and end use systems, in an environmentally sound and sustainable manner. The policy recognizes the environmental impacts of energy exploitation, production, distribution and consumption, and calls for EIA to address the impacts by applying appropriate environmental management measures on all energy activities including the application of economic instruments for changing market behavior to adopt energy efficient and clean energy technologies.

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2.2.2 National Environment Policy, 1997 The National Environment Policy (NEP) requires Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to be mandatory for all development projects likely to have significant environmental impacts. The intention is to ensure that the development projects are implemented in an economically sustainable manner while safeguarding environmental and social issues for the benefit of present and future generations. The NEP defines environmental issues as both natural and social concerns and adopts the key principle of sustainable development. The NEP has also proposed the framework for environmental legislation to be taken into account by the numerous agencies of the Government involved in regulating the various sectors. The National Environmental Policy of 1997 outlines six key environmental management and protection problems that include loss of wildlife habitats and biodiversity, environmental pollution, land degradation and deforestation (URT, 1997). The policy stipulates that an EIA shall be mandatory for all major projects to ensure that environmental concerns receive due and balanced consideration in reconciling urgent development needs and long-term environmental sustainability. The activities of the proposed project may cause land degradation and produce wastes that may pollute water and air. Hence, appropriate mitigation measures will be in place to prevent or reduce the impact if the project is to comply with this policy. 2.2.3 National Land Policy, 1997 The policy promotes and ensures a secure land tenure system for economic and social development without upsetting or endangering the ecological balance of the environment. The Policy recognizes the importance of social services such as water supply, road networks, and energy development that take place on land for human benefits. It recommends that these should be done in a right manner so as to protect land for other uses and avoiding land degradation. 2.2.4 Water Policy, 2002 The Water Policy recognizes water as an important requirement for all humans to maintain health, and to restore and maintain the functions of natural ecosystems. The policy, in addition, urges for the protection and conservation of water resources in the country’s rivers and basins. The construction of the proposed power plant should protect water sources by avoiding water pollution, conducting periodic monitoring of water quality of the discharge from the power plant and water treatment whenever necessary. The project t is also expected to comply with national water use laws, and for which a provisional Water use Permits has already been granted to TANESCO by the Lake Basin Water Office. 2.3 International Agreements and Conventions Tanzania is a party to several international agreements and conventions relating to the environment. The activities of North West Grid Power Project may trigger some of those international agreements and conventions; hence the project is required to comply with of which Tanzania has ratified. Agreements of potential importance to the project are briefly mentioned below.

 Tanzania has ratified the UNESCO Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention 1972). The project will avoid areas of historical, cultural and unique natural values. Any findings of artefacts or archaeology values during project activities will reported to the relevant authority.  Tanzania has ratified the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention) in 1998. No sites on the Ramsar list are, however, located in the project area.

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 Convention concerning Protection of Workers against Occupational Hazards in the Working Environment due to air pollution, noise, vibration and radiation. The aim is to ensure safe working environment for the workers. Tanzania adopted it in 1977 and became into force on May 30th 1984. The Project will ensure a safe working environment of workers working at construction site and during operation of the power plant. In addition, the project will comply with OSHA requirement.  The Basel Convention on Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes was acceded to Tanzania in 1993. The objective of the convention is to control illegal disposal of wastes from one country to another. This implies that contractor or project proponent is not allowed to dispose in the country hazardous waste from outside the country or vice versa. In this project disposal of wastes from another country to Tanzania or vice versa is not allowed and the use of hazardous materials such as PCBs in transformers and capacitors is also not allowed by the project proponent. 2.4 The AfDB Environmental and Social Safeguards Policies. The ESIA/ESMP has also been prepared to comply with African (AfDB) Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) whose 5 Operational Safeguards (OSs) are all applicable to the project. These are: Operational Safeguard 1 (OS 1) on environment and social assessment, Operational Safeguard 2 (OS 2) on involuntary resettlements, land acquisition, population displacements, as the project will trigger these impacts, Operational Safeguard 3 (OS 3) on biodiversity and ecosystem services relevant to conservation and promotion of sustainable use of natural resources, Operational Safeguard 4 (OS 4) on pollution prevention and control, hazardous materials and resource efficiency which covers a wide range of impacts arising from pollution, wastes and hazardous materials management, and Operational Safeguard 5 (OS 5) on Labour conditions, health and safety, all of which are a major concern in this project.. 3. Project Description and Justification The proposed project is a power transmission project involving a construction of about 53km of 132kV overhead transmission line from Malagarasi Hydropower Plant to the new Kigoma 400/132/33kV substation to be constructed at Kidahwe in Kigoma District. The transmission line will evacuate about 44.8MW to be generated at Igamba Falls stage III site. The selected wayleave corridor of the transmission line is 20m wide from Malagarasi switch yard to Mazungwe and 26m wide from Mazungwe to Kidahwe respectively. currently depends on diesel power plants located at Kigoma, Kasulu and Kibondo to get electrical energy. Running these generation plants is expensive and unreliable due to cases of mechanical breakdowns, lack of spare parts and delay in fuel delivery and associated environmental pollution. This unreliability and higher running costs of the diesel power plants denies local communities, businessmen and organizations in the region to engage in major socio-economic activities that directly depends on electricity. Therefore, the construction of 44.8MW hydropower project at Malagarasi necessitates the construction of 132kV line to evacuate the generated power to consumption centers of Kigoma. This ESIA summary is limited to the construction of the proposed 53 Km 132 Kv Transmission line and associated Nyakanazi and Kigoma (Kidahwe) sub-stations. The two substation will be constructed at Kidahwe in Kigoma District Council and at Nyakanazi. The transmission line on the other hand will align from Malagarasi to Mazungwe (22km) along a 20m wide corridor already acquired by TANESCO under the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) and from Mazungwe to Kigoma/ Kidahwe (31km) to be aligned with and running alongside the 400 kV line in a corridor and wayleave to be acquired by TANECSO as part of the project. Therefore the total distance of the transmission line is expected to be 53km.

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Details of the project components will include the following: 3.1 The Transmission line component: This will comprise:

The 32kV transmission line will run from Malagarasi Hydropower plant to Kigoma substation and will be constructed as a 132 kV double circuit transmission line using one (1) OPGW with capacity for 24 optical fibers on lattice steel towers with one per phase Conductor. This project component shall comprises of the following activities:  Clearance of way leave corridor or Right of Way (RoW)  Excavation of tower foundations,  Foundation works for tower foundations,  Erection of towers, and  Stringing of conductors.

3.2 The Sub-station component The substation scope will include; a) Extension of new 220 kV Nyakanazi substation: The 220 kV high voltage substation extension will be designed as a conventional air insulated 420 kV outdoor switchyard with single or double busbar depending on substation configuration and gas insulated live tank circuit breakers. The line feeders will be equipped with one circuit breaker, busbar disconnectors, transfer bus disconnector and combined line disconnector and earthing switch. The scope includes extension of the existing control room.

b) New 220/132/33 kV Kigoma substation; The 220 kV high voltage part of the substation will be designed as a conventional air insulated 245 kV outdoor switchyard with double busbar depending and gas insulated live tank circuit breakers. The line feeders will be equipped with one circuit breaker, busbar disconnectors, transfer bus disconnector and combined line disconnector and earthing switch. Transformer feeders will be equipped with one circuit breaker, busbar disconnectors and an earthing switch. Each feeder will be furnished with current and voltage transformers as required for protection, measuring and synchronisation. The substation will have two 230/132/33, 63 MVA transformers.

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The 132 kV voltage part of the substation will be designed as a conventional air insulated145 kV outdoor switchyard with double busbar and gas insulated live tank circuit breakers. The line feeders will be equipped with one circuit breaker, busbar disconnector and line diconnector and earthing switch. Transformer feeders will be equipped with one circuit breaker and busbar disconnector. Each feeder will be furnished with current and voltage transformers as required for protection and measuring. The layout of the substations shall consider the incoming and outgoing overhead lines, transformer bays, reactor bays, and easy access to the equipment and extension possibilities.

4.0 Description of the Project Environment

The project will be located in Kigoma region in North West Tanzania which is currently not well served with adequate power supply. Kigoma region is among the 26 of Tanzania Mainland and situated in north western Tanzania bordering the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with Lake Tanganyika to its west, and Geita regions to its east, region and Burundi to its north and to its south. Its economy is primarily agricultural based with a large population engaged in subsistence agriculture as well as in activities like fishing, beekeeping, and livestock keeping. The region has a lot of potential for development but inadequate supply of electricity has been among the most significant barriers to industrialization and socio-economic development of the region. The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania has been taking various initiatives to open up economic opportunities in the region. These initiatives include upgrading of road network to bitumen standard (Kigoma – Tabora and Kigoma – Nyakanazi), improvement of railway line and turning Kigoma as a dry port for neirbouring countries, hence making Kigoma a terminal of the central railway and a transit port to the DRC, Rwanda, Burundi and Zambia for both passenger and cargo services; declaring Kigoma as a Free Trade Area to cater for the regional trade. This proposed project will further boost these opportunities for the region by availing reliable electricity. The project will also help replace the current use of diesel generators that is not only affecting TANESCO finances but also contributing to pollution of the environment. The project will thus contribute to solving the regional long term energy problem and will enable the evacuation of excess power to the National Grid from Malagarasi Hydropower.

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Figure showing Project routing in 2 segments: Blue from Power site to Main Road Mazungwe junction and Purple section to Kigoma/Kidahwe Substation. The project area from Malagarasi to Mazungwe village is mainly open land with miombo woodland forests disturbed by patches of farmlands (maize, groundnuts, beans and cassava farms). From Mazungwe to Kidahwe the line passes mainly mixed vegetation consisting of spaced miombo woodlands, wooded tall grasslands, grasslands and farms. Throughout the entire 53 km, the proposed transmission

9 passes through rural areas with cultivation and through miombo woodland vegetation. There are no known protected natural forest along the proposed line, although on the side of Malagarasi River, there is a proposed Masito Local Authority Forest Reserve will require further consultation with Forest authorities for right of way. In general, however, forest reserves close to the proposed T-Line have been either completely, or partially, converted into farmland. Kigoma and Forest departments acknowledge that felling of natural forests for charcoal production is widespread throughout the district with records show that a total of 12,522 ha of FRs have been encroached in Kigoma Rural District. Overall, therefore, the proposed transmission line, Kidahwe substation and Malagarasi switch yard are mainly located in the open land open available for development without much encumbrance except for land and properties that will have to be acquired through compensation. It is intended to locate the T-line away from settlements as possible to reduce social impacts as well as reducing compensation cost. To further reduce compensation costs, the project intends to utilize existing access roads from Kigoma to Uvinza and from Mazungwe to Malagarasi. The proposed project site for construction of Kidahwe substation is considered suitable because it is located about 1,200m away from the nearby watercourses, located about 700m from Mikamba School forest; socially viable since it is 900m away from Mikamba secondary school and 600m from Kigoma - Kasulu main road. The site is also economically feasible since it is located in the area which is not occupied by settlement but rather a farmland and bare land covered with some trees that should be compensated after valuation process. 5.0 Project Alternatives The previous plan under Igamba II falls was to generate 8MW and construct 33kV line double circuit lines from Malagarasi Hydropower Plant for one circuit to go to Kigoma and the other circuit to go to Kasulu and Uvinza. But after the Malagarasi Hydropower Plant was changed to Igamba III, the power plant was upgraded from 8MW to 44.8MW making the suitable evacuation means to be through a 132kV transmission line. The change of the design of transmission line was mandatory in order to have conductors with sufficient capacity to transmit high voltage electricity from the power plant to the substation with little losses. The 44.8MW from Malagarasi will also be connected to the 400kV transmission line from Nyakanazi to Kigoma under the NWG project. This is because at the moment Kigoma Region cannot consume 44.8MW hence the excess power will be pumped in the national grid to be used where there is a power demand. From the new Kigoma 400/132/33kV substation, several 33kV feeders will be constructed to feed power to Kasulu, Uvinza, Buhigwe and Kigoma. Currently Kigoma and Uvinza get power from diesel power plant located at Kigoma while Kasulu and Buhigwe receive power from Kasulu diesel power plant. 5.1 No Project Alternative The no project alternative entails retaining the current status quo without developing the project and therefore foregoing such investment. In this scenario, the Malagarasi hydropower project would not be able to evacuate the generated power hence not worth constructing it. This also means Kigoma region will continue using diesel power generation unless the 400kV transmission line from Nyakanazi brings power to the region. Without Malagarasi hydropower plant, there is a risk that even the 400kV line from Nyakanazi will not be build. In other words the “Zero Option” is not in line with the Government policies of improving the investment development in Kigoma through supply of reliable power.

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5.2 Alternative sources for construction materials The construction of the proposed 132kV transmission line towers will require reinforced foundations, whose raw materials such as sands, aggregates, refilling soils will be sourced from approved sources in Uvinza and Kigoma district councils while cement may come from internal cement factories agents (Twiga, Simba, Dangote, Tembo, Nyati etc.). Use of cement from these local sources is encouraged in order to boost business opportunities of local companies and suppliers. Reinforcing bars will also be sourced locally from local industries. 5.3 Alternative on project location The proposed 132kV transmission line from Mazungwe village to Kidahwe is expected to run parallel with the proposed 400kV transmission line (Northwest Grid project) while in other parts the route will utilize the compensated way leave corridor of previously planned 33kV distribution line. In this regard, the location of the proposed 132kV transmission line route is cost-effective and socially viable because it shall have minimum impacts on resettlement issues. However, optimization measures have been taken to avoid water sources, removing sharp angle tower and shortening the distance where it was seen possible. The location of the project route is anticipated to have less adverse impacts on natural environment. 5.4 Alternative Substation Site The alternative substation site has been considered focusing of accessibility, shortening the line length, avoiding social and environmental impacts and reducing the angle towers. Two substation locations were compared and the selected site was superior to others with optimization measures in the following ways:

 The site is located about 300m from the main road,  The will need short access road to be constructed,  It is unsettled area with limited cultivation and relatively flat,  It provides easy connection of 132kV transmission line compared and reduces the line length by 10km,  It has shortens the length of 400kV transmission lines by about 12km,  The option reduces two angle towers of 400kV and 132kV line,  It has prevented impacts on Mikamba Secondary School and its environment. 6.0 Potential Impacts A number of potential positive and negative environmental and social impacts were identified for the project. However, due to the nature of the project, most of the negative environmental impacts are expected to be localized and limited to the transmission line corridor and will be limited to impacts on the biophysical environment, health and socio-economic aspects. In addition, a number of these will be short term impacts, such as noise and dust emission due to vehicle movements.

6.1 Positive Impacts There are number of positive and negative impacts that are associated with the proposed project. The potential positive impacts include the following:

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 Improving reliability of electricity supply in the North west region, will contribute to reducing TANESCO’s operational cost of running the diesel generator as base power in Kigoma.  Improved power supply will also lead to expansion of the business opportunities in the project areas ranging from services to production enterprises.  The project is expected to lead to overall positive climate change impacts during the operation phase of the project, as businesses, enterprises and households are expected to switch to hydro generated electricity thus reducing greenhouse emissions from fuel run generators and motors and will also reduce use of wood as fuel, charcoal and kerosene for cooking and lighting.  Increased employment opportunities created as a result of the project and indirect employment opportunities resulting from providing services to the project. During construction, there will be a need for unskilled labour, for instance in connection with clearing the substation area, switch yard area and TL route, digging and construction of holes for the transmission poles. Workers for such jobs will most likely be recruited locally. The impact of the job opportunities created for the local people and the influx of some specialized teams of workers and engineers from outside the project area will contribute to increasing local economic activity in the project area.  The possibility of triggering economic development in the region will lead to improving income generation in the form of taxes and service levies to government and district councils.  Capacity building of local people engaged in project activities as laborers and/or skilled personnel. The construction crew that will be hired from the villages traversed by the proposed project and associated substation and switchyard, some of them fresh from colleges and vocational training institutes, shall be trained and capacitated on various skills associated with construction of transmission line, concrete works, welding, erection and installation of electrical works in substation, switchyard and other buildings. The skills that will be acquired shall be used in other projects and eventually assist the locals in their daily income generating activities.  The project will also lead to enhanced opportunities for industrialization of the Kigoma Region with improved supply and utilization of electricity, 6.2 Potential negative environmental and social impacts The main negative environmental and social impacts identified included the following:

 Loss of land and properties to open the wayleave, and associated loss of trees and crops on the land. The construction of the proposed transmission line, switchyard and substation will lead to permanent loss of some agricultural land within the wayleave corridor of 20m from Malagarasi to Mazungwe (22km) and 26m way leave corridor from Mazungwe to Kidahwe (31km) and the substation area.  The opening up of the wayleave will lead to loss of vegetation and associated biodiversity and natural habitats due to vegetation clearance as the existing terrestrial vegetation on the substation site, TL way-leave and switch yard area will be cleared to pave way to construction activities.  During construction, considerable volumes of solid waste will be generated during site preparation and construction works, which would include some vegetation and typical construction waste such as wasted concrete, steel, waste earth materials, etc. Additionally, construction of temporary camps for the worker during construction phase poses a risk for accumulation of domestic solid waste at the camp site. Most of the wastes is also expected to be generated from worker camps which will generate mostly domestic wastes, construction of transmission line and substations which will likely generate waste cement bags, scrap metals, packaging cases (timber), used paint buckets, waste plastics, among others.

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 Possibility of impacts to cultural property: during route assessment few grave yards were found within the wayleave corridor.  Possibility of bird collisions with electrical wire systems as several species of birds were recorded in Malagarasi area and along the TL route during the ESIA s study. Some of these birds were physically seen flying, observation of birds’ nests, hiring sounds of birds and birds counting were among methodologies used to record bird species.  Although not expected to create a significant long term negative impact, the use of vehicular and heavy equipment during construction of the project components will inevitably generate noise, temporally air pollution from fugitive dusts, suspended particulate matter and smoke associated with construction equipment which may create a nuisance to nearby residents, particularly the immediate neighbors.  Transmission lines and towers (which are expected to be 35-40 meters high) also typically represent potentially significant intrusions into the landscape they cross, and can be an aesthetic visual intrusion into landscape.  Construction of transmission lines is often associated with risk of occupational health and safety accidents to workers linked to eg; working at heights and general construction accidents. This project will be no exception. In addition, during construction there will be an increased number of vehicles in the project area, associated with supply of materials as well as execution of the works. Such an increase in vehicular movement has the potential to result in an increase in traffic accidents.  During the operation phase, the presence of high voltage conductors hanged on the transmission line towers could pose a safety concerns and risks to local communities who may not be very conversant with dangers of high voltage power systems. Although the likelihood of electrocution is normally small, the risk is very high and deserves special precautions.  It is expected that during project mobilization and construction phases, there will be social interactions that might lead to increase in spread of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

7.0 Mitigation/Enhancement Measures and Complementary Initiatives

Many of the above negative impacts can be avoided or minimized to acceptable levels while positive impacts or benefits derived from the project can be enhanced by adopting good engineering practices and appropriate enhancement measures during design, construction and operation of the transmission line and substation. Therefore, major mitigation measures that are to be deployed include:

7.1 Mitigation for loss of land and property: The anticipated loss of land and properties will be mitigated through provision of adequate compensation of lost properties. A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the 132 kV corridor has been prepared and TANESCO has committed to compensating the project affected persons (PAPs). A separate RAP summary has been prepared for this aspect and will be disclosed alongside this ESA summary. However, it is important to note that the 22 km corridor from Malagarasi to Mazungwe as well as within the substation and switch yard areas had already been acquired and the structures therein, including community structures that included mainly churches had already been compensated and relocated. Therefore, no further building structures require to be relocated within the 22 km stretch from Malagarasi to Mazungwe as these where already compensated and relocated.

7.2 Mitigation against habitat loss: To minimize negative impacts to habitats, clearance of vegetation will be confined within the project corridor. In addition, the loss of vegetation will be limited to areas which are not highly sensitive ecological areas. During the operation phase, vegetation along the RoW

13 should not be cleared down to ground level. This will allow regeneration of vegetative cover thereby conserving flora and fauna of the area as well as prevent erosion.

7.3 Mitigation on waste generation

It is expected that the Contractors will prepare site waste management plans prior to commencement of construction activities, and these should include designation of appropriate waste storage areas, collection and removal schedule, identification of approved disposal sites, and a system for supervision and monitoring. These plans shall also include plans for management of hazardous wastes, including mechanisms for their hazardous materials storage, handling and disposal. These plans shall also include mechanisms for waste oil collection and management. It is expected that waste oil and fuel shall be stored carefully and safely on-site until used, or removed from site to an appropriate facility for its safe disposal, or re-used in an environmentally safe and sound procedure if such an option is included in the waste management plan. Other measures for Management of Solid Wastes Implementation of the mitigation measures for solid wastes will include:

 The Contractor(s) have to prepare site waste management plans prior to commencement of construction activities. This should include designation of appropriate waste storage areas, collection and removal schedule and identification of approved disposal site.

 Preparation and implementation of the plan by the Contractor(s) with the system being monitored independently and overseen by the supervising Consultants on behalf of TANESCO.

 Special attention will be given to minimize and reduce the quantities of solid waste produced during site preparation and construction.

 Unusable construction waste, such as damaged pipes, formwork and other construction material, must be disposed of at an approved dumpsite.

 Provision of solid waste receptacles and storage containers, particularly for the disposal of plastic bags and boxes, so as not to block drainage system and to prevent littering of the site. Other measures for management of hazardous wastes shall include

 Collection, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes under a strict regime in line with Government requirements for management of such wastes,  Maintaining spill response kits at the site office,  Preparation and display on site spill response procedures and  Training of workers on spill response and management.

7.4 Mitigation on cultural property: In order to avoid desecration of graves, all graves found within the way leave corridor and other proposed project areas shall be compensated and relocated in accordance with the Graves Removal Act No. 9 of 1969. Before construction activities are done in affected sections, all graves found within the affected route sections shall be relocated. The relocation of the graves shall be done after both parties have agreed on compensations and relocation cost and agreed procedures, and shall be coordinated by the respective district council(s).

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7.5 Mitigation against bird collisions: Because of the relatively lower elevation of the 132 kV line, it is not anticipated that the Contractor shall have to install reflectors for purposes of deterring bird collisions. However, this will be necessary for the 400kV line especially in location where the line passes across bird migratory corridors.

7.6 Mitigation against noise and air pollution due to construction activities: It is recommended that the Contractors ensure that workers operating equipment that generate noise shall be equipped with noise protection gear including ear muffs and plugs. Workers operating equipment generating noise levels greater than 80 dBA continuously for 8 hours or more should use earmuffs whereas those experiencing prolonged noise levels of 70 - 80 dBA should wear earplugs.

In addition, the following mitigation measures will be implemented to manage noise emission:

 Restrict noisy construction activities to normal working hours (8am - 5pm).  Workers operating equipment that generate noise should be equipped with noise protection gear including ear muffs and plugs. Workers operating equipment generating noise levels greater than 80 dBA continuously for 8 hours or more should use earmuffs whereas those experiencing prolonged noise levels of 70 - 80 dBA should wear earplugs.

7.7 Mitigation against visual intrusion: To address the impacts of visual intrusion, it is planned that there will be a small number of points where T-line will be located with some degree of elevation, but the majority of the project area is such that the 132 kV T-line will be relatively inconspicuous compared to higher voltage, metal transmission lines.

7.8 Mitigation on Occupational health and safety risks: Workers Accidents and Hazards during Construction The following mitigation measures have been proposed to control workers accidents and hazards:

 Engaging only those workers that are trained to operate specific machines and equipment.  Proper signs on site to warn workers of safety requirements as regards machines with moving parts and other equipment at site.  Provide a First Aid box and have a trained person to handle site emergencies and incidences.  Provide safe scaffoldings and railings for workers working at heights. Proper specialized training should also be provided for such workers.  Providing personal protective equipment (PPE) such safety helmets, safety masks, safety boots, uniforms and hand gloves to the workers.  Using well-maintained equipment by qualified personnel.  Train workers on work site safety issues  Emergency assembly points will be appointed at the substations site prior to commence construction work.  Educate local populations on safe behavior in areas of high voltage power lines  The Contractors shall also carry out traffic safety campaigns, support the local security systems and establish a grievance mechanism for addressing community health, safety and security related grievances.

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 To address the risks of electrocution, since the transmission line way leave corridor will have restricted uses, additional safety measures will be put in place and enforced, including posting visible safety warnings and switchyard and substation will be fenced and guarded to avoid electrocution and intrusion by animal and people . Local communities will also be sensitized on the dangers of interfering with power systems infrastructure. Also, facilities such as transformers will be placed on the control surface to avoid contamination of ground and ground water from oil leaks.

7.9 Mitigation against spread of HIV/AIDS and STDs: To address the possible spread of HIV/AIDS and other STDs, the project will regular trainings, sensitizations and awareness shall be conducted by TANESCO in collaboration with local NGOs and local government of the respective project areas, as well as institute other measures such as supply condoms to workers.

8.0 Monitoring Program Environmental Monitoring Plan is to be implemented as a complimentary component to the Environmental Management Plan to monitor the impacts of the proposed project and the mitigation measures and to provide a permanent record of such monitoring. The monitoring program proposed for TANESCO operations, is based on the existing environmental impacts identified during the ESIA study. The objectives of the Monitoring plan are to:

 Provide a permanent record of compliance with ESMP against the present and future legislation;  Control risks and (significant) environmental impacts;  Control and improve the project on the basis of the operational information gathered;  Monitor continuous improvement of the environmental and social management system;  Provide a simple framework to improve the level of environmental management and compliance;  Co-ordinate and integrate the tasks of the project proponent and those of the governmental agencies involved in the project implementation; and  Integrate present and future environmental and social monitoring activities.

8.1 Responsibilities for Monitoring TANESCO is committed to undertake its works in such a way that is respectful to the local communities and to the applicable Tanzania environmental laws and regulations in a sense that health and safety of people, their livelihood and customer services are protected and maintained. The Environmental Department as well as the Health and Safety Department at TANSECO head office are instrumental in monitoring the environmental and social mitigation measures in the ESMP. The responsibilities of TANESCO will include:

 Advising employees and contractors of safety, health and environmental requirements and hold them accountable for poor performance.  Managing activities to minimize environmental and human health impacts.  Monitoring, evaluating and reporting performance on safety, health and environmental protection  Providing training when needed to protect human, environment, cultural and physical resources The responsibility of a contractor among other thing will include:

 Ensuring compliance with the requirements of the ESMP as a minimum standard to minimize socio-economic impacts on affected communities.

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 Preparing and submitting plans for complying with social and environmental requirements during implementation of the project.  Conducting periodic compliance audits and provide the necessary information for such purposes, in addition to daily monitoring of the project in line with the ESMP.

9.0 Public Consultations and Public Disclosure Various stakeholders were identified during the EIA and RAP processes based on their roles and relevance to the proposed transmission line and its associated facilities and services. These stakeholders were consulted and their concerns and opinions assisted in the impact assessment and recommendation of the mitigation measures. Among the stakeholders include the following: Uvinza and Kigoma District Councils, Kigoma Regional Commissioners’ Office, Uvinza and Kigoma District Commissioners Offices, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism - the Division of Antiquities and Tanzania Forest Services, TANROADS Kigoma, TANESCO Office Kigoma, Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), Lake Tanganyika Water Basin, Gombe-Mahale National Park Information Centre and RAHCO Kigoma Office. Others are Belgium Technical Cooperation (BTC), Kigoma AIDS Control Network (KACON) Mandela Paralegal Organisation (MAPAO), Hopes of the Community Foundation (HCF) and Vijana Pamoja Twaweza (2014). In addition, TANESCO has prepared a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) to assist the Company in managing and facilitating future engagements through the various stages of the Project’s life cycle from ESIA processing, land acquisition process and associated grievance redress through to construction, operations, rehabilitation and project closure. The SEP will be applied to all components of the project, including the 400 kV line. Feedback obtained from communities during public consultations largely showed support for the project as they expected that the project will have positive impacts to the local economy and the nation as a whole and will lead to improvement of livelihoods of local communities in project ereas. However, during public meetings and focus group discussions, the stakeholders had cautioned on land acquisition and compensation processes. They expressed need for transparent, fair and prompt compensation. 10.0 Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP The project has prepared and ESMP and provided an estimate of the costs for its implementation tentatively estimated at TZS 173,000,000 (One hundred and Seventy Three Million Tanzanian shillings). These costs have been aligned to address the mitigation measures highlighted above. 11.0 Institutional Capacities and Strengthening plan: The project will be implemented by project implementation teams (PIT) dedicated to the project. The PIT will have to be staffed adequately and will be composed of the following key staff: a project coordinator, a transmission line engineer, a substation engineer a distribution engineer, civil engineer, a procurement expert, an accountant, an environmental expert and a socio-economist. For purposes of RAP implementation, TANESCO will also assign its Surveyors to facilitate the RAP implementation process. The project coordinator shall be responsible for day to day communication with the Bank. A Project Management and Supervision Consultant will be recruited in order to assist the PIT in the management and supervision of works and will also include additional environmental and social expertise to oversee ESMP and RAP implementation.

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For capacity strengthening, TANECSO has already provided suggested training needs and the following subject areas were suggested for prioritization in the training program: • African Development Bank’s (AfDB) Operational Safeguards (OS) • Undertaking Bio-diversity and ecosystem assessment • Stakeholder analysis and preparation of stakeholder engagement plan • Climate Change and Risk Management • Gender considerations in ESIA and RAP preparation • Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) • Software and programs for E & S experts like GIS etc • Emergency preparedness and response planning • International standards for addressing issues in ESIA and ESMP • International standards for managing resettlement impacts • Resettlement field survey methods and requirements • Monitoring land acquisition and resettlement • Resettlement grievance mechanism implementation • Supervising ES management on site • Monitoring ES impacts. • Cost benefit analysis of the project

12.0 The following were deemed most important for Land surveyor training needs: • Software and programs for Land surveyor like GIS etc • Resettlement field survey requirements • Monitoring land acquisition and resettlement

13.0 References and contacts This ESMP summary was prepared based on information contained in the detailed project ESMF documentation. For further information please contact:

Andrew Muguwa, Task Manager, African Development Bank, Abidjan. E-mail: [email protected].

Justin Ecaat, African Development Bank, Regional Directorate, East , Nairobi Kenya, Tel: +254 20 2998245, e-mail: [email protected]

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