Environment Part 2
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Nirvana Ias Academy Current Affairs 1St to 31St March
NIRVANA IAS ACADEMY CURRENT AFFAIRS 1ST TO 31ST MARCH 2019 GOLAN HEIGHTS Around 50,000 people are estimated to live on the Golan, divided almost equally between Israeli Jewish settlers and Arabic-speaking Druze people of Syrian origin, who follow a monotheistic Abrahamic religion related to Ismaili Shia Islam. The Druze have remained loyal to the regimes of Bashar al-Assad and his father Hafez al-Assad over the decades, and refused Israeli citizenship. ▪ The Golan Heights are a fertile plateau of around 1,300 sq km area lying to the north and east of the Sea of Galilee, which Israel seized from Syria during the Six-Day War of 1967, and has occupied ever since. ▪ The Golan overlooks both Israel and Syria, and offers a commanding military vantage. ▪ Syrian forces made an abortive bid to take it back during the Yom Kippur War of 1973; the 1974 ceasefire agreement, however, left most of the area in Israeli hands. ▪ In 1981, Israel passed the Golan Heights Law, which extended Israel’s “laws, jurisdiction and administration” to the area, in effect annexing it. A UNSC resolution declaring the imposition of Israel’s law “in the occupied Syrian Golan Heights… null and void and without international legal effect” has not changed the situation on the ground, although the frontier has not seen major hostilities for more than 40 years. ▪ In 2000, Israel and Syria made a failed attempt at negotiating a settlement. CORPORATE EQUALITY INDEX Human Rights Campaign Foundation released Corporate Equality Index (CEI) annually. ▪ It is the national benchmarking tool on corporate policies and practices pertinent to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer employees. -
Octopus Microcirculation
OCTOPUS MICROCIRCULATION: AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY A thesÍs submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ín the University of Adelaide by Jay Browning, BSc (0tago) asc Hons (Adetaide) September, 1981 CONTENTS SUMMARY DECLARATTON A CKNO11/LEDGEMENTS BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLTCATIONS FROM THIS THESIS SECTION I: INTRODUCTION pag e l.l The cephalopods - a viable alternative to the vertebrate plan 1 I.2 The refinement of circu-Latory systems 2 I.3 The advantages of a closed system 6 L.4 The vertebrate microcirculation I 1. 5 The cepha lopod ci rcu J.atory sys tem - a résumé of organization and function I4 I.6 An outline of the specific investigations 1B SECTION II: SOURCE OF ANIMALS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 2"I Capture and classification of species inves tigated 20 2.2 Experimental- procedures 2I 2.2rI 0perative procedures 2I ( Contents continued ) 2"212 Perfusion 22 2,2ri El-ectron microscopy 27 SECTION III: SCANNING ELECTRON MÏCROSCOPY OF VASCULAR CASTS 3. I Introduction 26 7.2 Material-s and methods 27 7.3 Resu lts 28 t.3 , I , The peri phera 1 venous vascu l-ature 29 7.7r2 The central arterial supply 30 3.7r3 The interposing microvascular network 7I 3.3r4 The vasculature of the suckers and other regions 32 3.4 Discussion 71 3.4,1 How rei-iable is the casting technique? 41 3.4 12 General comments on the 0ctopus casts 42 SECTION IV: OCTOPUS MICROVASCULATURE; MORPHOLOGY AND PERMEABILITY 4.I IntroductÍon 45 4.2 Materials and methods 48 4.3 Results 49 4.7, I General observations 49 4.3r2 Ferritin and carbon permeabilitÍes 51 (Contents continued ) 4 4 Discussion 60 4.4,I Tissue integrity and the location of. -
Morphological and Ecological Convergence at the Lower Size Limit for Vertebrates Highlighted by Five New Miniaturised Microhylid Frog Species from Three Different Madagascan Genera
RESEARCH ARTICLE Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera 1,2,3 4 2,5 6 Mark D. ScherzID *, Carl R. Hutter , Andolalao Rakotoarison , Jana C. Riemann , a1111111111 Mark-Oliver RoÈ del7, Serge H. Ndriantsoa5, Julian Glos6, Sam Hyde Roberts8,9, 10 2 1 a1111111111 Angelica CrottiniID , Miguel Vences , Frank Glaw a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Sektion Herpetologie, Zoologische Staatssammlung MuÈnchen (ZSM-SNSB), MuÈnchen, Germany, 2 Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoologisches Institut, Technische UniversitaÈt Braunschweig, a1111111111 Braunschweig, Germany, 3 Systematische Zoologie, Department Biologie II, Biozentrum, Ludwig- Maximilians-UniversitaÈt MuÈnchen, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, 4 Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America, 5 Mention Zoologie et Biodiversite Animale, Universite d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 6 Institute of Zoology, UniversitaÈt Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 7 Museum fuÈr Naturkunde±Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany, 8 SEED Madagascar, London, United Kingdom, 9 Oxford OPEN ACCESS Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom, 10 CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Citation: Scherz MD, Hutter CR, Rakotoarison A, Resources, InBIO, Campus AgraÂrio de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal Riemann JC, RoÈdel M-O, Ndriantsoa SH, et al. (2019) Morphological and ecological convergence * [email protected] at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera. PLoS ONE 14 Abstract (3): e0213314. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0213314 Miniaturised frogs form a fascinating but poorly understood amphibian ecomorph and have Editor: Mathew S.