Millettia elongatistyla NT Taxonomic Authority: J.B.Gillett  Global Assessment  Regional Assessment Region: Global  Endemic to region

Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: FABALES Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name:  Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority:

General Information Distribution Millettia elongatistyla is distributed in .

Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 900  Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: 25000 Lower limit: 250  Antarctic Map Status: Depth  Australasian Upper limit:  Neotropical Lower limit:  Oceanian Depth Zones  Palearctic  Shallow photic  Bathyl  Hadal  Indomalayan  Photic  Abyssal  Nearctic Population M. elongatistyla has been described as very common in and along river side (Semsei 771; Kindeketa 2838; Kayombo and Nkawamba 2092).

Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology M. elongatistyla is a small tree which occurs in lowland forests, Brachystegia woodlands, riverine forests in rich black soil, and in rocky outcrops in with Combretum, Sterculia and tall grass, mainly Hyparrhenia. The species is mainly know to occur in the Eastern woodalnds ecoregion, but specimens have also been collected in the Zambezian flooded , Eastern Arc forests, Southern Acacia-Commophora bushlands and tickets ecoregions.

System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative  Terrestrial  Freshwater  Nomadic  Congregatory/Dispersive  Is the species a wild relative of a crop?  Marine  Migratory  Altitudinally migrant Growth From Definition Tree - size unknow Tree (any size), also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m)

Threats The wood is hard, heavy and is used for firewood, building poles, charcoal, tool handles and wooden spoons. It is also suitable for shade and ornamental purposes. The lowland montane forests zones of the Eastern Arc Montains have been subject to sever fragmentation and habitat loss (it is estimated that about 92% of the paleological extent of this zone have already disappeared (Hall et al. 2009)). The low human population densities for most of the Eastern Miombo woodlands ecoregion have ensured that the vegetation has remained relatively intact. However, this ecoregion still experiences a range of threats, including deforestation, poaching and mining (WWF Ecoregion, accessed July 2009).

Past Present Future 1 Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced)    Conservation Measures There are no known conservation measures specifically for M. elongatistyla, however the species is known to occur in many protected areas: Udzungwa Mountain National Park, Nyanganje Forest Reserve, , Nambiga Forest Reserve, Mkungwe Forest Reserve, Kimboza Forest Reserve and Ukwiva Forest Reserve. Seed of M. elongatistyla should be collected and stored as an ex situ conservation measure. The conservation status of M. elongatistyla has already been assessed and the species has been rated as Vulnerable (criterion B1+2b; ver 2.3) in 1998 in The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (accessed July 2009).

In Place Needed 3 Research actions   3.2 Population numbers and range   3.5 Threats   3.9 Trends/Monitoring   4 Habitat and site-based actions   4.4 Protected areas   4.4.3 Management   5 Species-based actions   5.7 Ex situ conservation actions  

Countries of Occurrence

PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly Extinct Presence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Tanzania            

General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 1 Forest 1 Suitable Unset 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland 1 Suitable Unset

Ecosystem Services  Insufficient Information available  Species provides no ecosystem services

Species Utilisation Species Utilisation  Species is not utilised at all

Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 16. Other    7. Fuel    The wood of M. elongatistyla is hard, heavy and is used for firewood, building poles, charcoal, tool handles and wooden spoons. It is also suitable for shade and ornamental purposes.

Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed

IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment: (using 2001 IUCN system) Near Threatened (NT)

Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct?  Possibly Extinct Candidate?  Rationale for the Red List Assessment M. elongatistyla is a shrub or small tree which occurs in lowland forests, Brachystegia woodlands and riverine forests in Tanzania. M. elongatistyla is currently known to occur in many protected areas and even though it has often been recorded as frequent in its natural range, it is necessary to consider that it is a very in demand species exploited for wood and that the areas in which the species occurs have been subject to a consistent loss of natural habitat, suggesting that the species might have been already facing popualtion decline and that further research and field work is requiered to fully understand the species health and trend of M. elongatistyla. M. elongatistyla is currently rated as Near Threatened and it needs to be monitored over a longer period of time to make sure that it doesn't fall into a threatened category. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment:  Genuine Change  Nongenuine Change  No Change  Genuine (recent)  New information  Taxonomy  Same category  Genuine (since first assessment)  Knowledge of Criteria  Criteria Revisio and criteria  Incorrect data used  Other  Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Decreasing Date of Assessment: 28/07/2009 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Contu, S. Evaluator(s): Notes: Previuosly assessed from Lovett, J. & Clarke, G.P. in 1998 for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (accessed 2009) with a misspelled name (Millettia elongistyla).

% population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals:

Bibliography Banzouzi, J.T., Prost, A., Rajemiarimiraho, M. and Ongoka, P., 2008, Traditional Uses of the African Millettia species (Fabaceae), International Journal of Botany4, 406-420, , Burgess, N.D., Butynski, T.M., Cordeiro, N.J., Doggart, N.H., Fjeldsa, J., Howell, K.M., Kilahama, F.B., Loader, S.P., Lovett, J.C., Mbilinnyi, B., Menegon, M., Moyer, D.C., Nashanda, E., Perkin, A., Rovero, F., Stanley, W.T. and Stuartm S.N., 2007, The biological importance of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and Kenya, Biological Conservation, 209-231, , Gillett, J.B., 1961, Notes on Millettia Wight & Arn. in East Africa, Kew Bulletin1, 19-40, , Hall, J., Burgess, N.D., Lovett, J., Mbilinyi, B. and Gereau, R.E., 2009, Conservation implications of deforestation across an elevational gradient in the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania, Biological Conservation, , , Lovett, J. and Clarke, G.P., 1998, Millettia elongistyla, IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species28 July 2009, , IUCN,