historical walking tours skirting putting women’s history on the map Historical Walking Tour

Miss Nellie Stewart as ‘Sweet Nell’ in 1909 (Image: National Library of , David Elliott theatrical postcard collection) skirting sydney

he majestic Queen But what of the other, less obvious, city spaces Building stands in the heart of the where Sydney women went about their daily lives? Tcity as a monument to a much- This map pinpoints key sites where girls and loved and long-reigning Queen, women lived and worked, where they were although she never visited Sydney. educated and entertained, and where pioneering activist women held meetings, published journals and sometimes in the process expanded the

Detail from The Dawn – December 1889 (Image: Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW)

Putting women’s history on the map

Sydney’s history is all around us. Our walking tours will lead you on a journey of discovery from early Aboriginal life through to contemporary Sydney.

Clover Moore MP Lord Mayor of Sydney

Historical Walking Tours — Skirting Sydney / 01. Dawes Point Walsh Bay Tar–ra

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PITT ST Darling Harbour 05 Tumbalong GROSVENOR ST DALLEY ST Royal 06 Botanic BRIDGE ST Woolloomooloo 04 Gardens 03 Bay PIRRAMA RD JAMISON ST BENT ST Johnstons Bay BOND ST SPRING ST MARGARET ST CURTIN PL DARLING ISLAND RD PHILLIP LANE O’CONNELL ST MACQUARIE ST BLIGH ST Wynyard HUNTER ST PIRRAMA RD

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Park ALLEN ST Wentworth BATHURST ST WARD AVE ROSLYN GARDENS Park Darling

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FLINDERS ST FLINDERS CHISHOLM ST CHISHOLM MARY ST NAPIER ST 25 26 27 CATHERINE ST Central Station ALBION ST Light Rail BOURKE ST 20 FITZROY ST are not shown GEORGE ST OXFORD ST Monorail BELMORE ST BROADWAY on this map KIPPAX ST BELLEVUE ST ALBION AVE PADDINGTON ST

CORBEN ST PARRAMATTA RD LEE ST ARUNDEL ST KNOX ST 21 SOUTH DOWLING ST FOVEAUX ST ORMOND ST GRAFTON ST CHURCH ST NICHOLS ST

GREENS RD

RANDLE ST ST HOLT CROWN ST Historical Walking Tours — SkirtingSELWYN ST Sydney / 02. HUTCHINSON WATERLOO ST Sydney University Victoria WILLIAM ST Park OCONNOR ST COOPER ST RENNY ST WELLINGTON BENNETT ST MYRTLE ST ARTHUR ST QUEEN ST PROSPECT ST

PINE ST MOORE PARK RD PHELPS ST GORDON ST ELIZABETH ST

MEAGHER ST DEVONSHIRE ST RAINFORD ST MARSHALL ST OATLEY RD BUCKLAND ST ARTHUR ST

CLEVELAND ST DANGAR PL BUCKINGHAM ST DAVIES ST REGENT ST

BALFOUR ST ABERCROMBIE ST ABERCROMBIE

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GIBBONS ST MARGARET WILSON ST ROSEHILL ST ALBERT ST

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DOUGLAS ST REGENT ST PHILLIP ST

CHALMERS ST LANG RD LOCOMOTIVE ST BAPTIST ST

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GARDENERS RD DALMENY AVE DALMENY skirting sydney putting women’s history on the map Historical Walking Tour

01 Mary Reibey 03 Louisa Lawson and The Dawn The Argyle Stores, 12–20 Argyle Street, The Rocks Offices, 26 Jamison Street

Mary Reibey (1777–1855) was Louisa Lawson edited the monthly newspaper, The a convict who became a highly Dawn, at 26 Jamison Street from 1888 to 1905. It was successful businesswoman written, laid out and printed solely by women and with interests in hotels, trading, advocated women’s rights to vote and hold public office. shipping, farming and city In 1891, the NSW Women’s Suffrage League printed its buildings. She briefly owned the pamphlets at The Dawn offices free of charge. The NSW land around the Argyle Stores in Woman’s Suffrage Bill was passed in 1902 and Lawson 1828. Mary Reibey was a governor was described in Parliament as of the Free Grammar School and “the Mother of Suffrage in ”. a founding member of the Bank of New South Wales, as well as active in church and (Image: Mitchell Library, charity work. State Library of NSW)

02 Fort Street Girls’ High School Now National Trust Centre, Observatory Hill

Established in 1849 by the new Board of National Education, the Boys’ and the Girls’ Schools stood on the site of the Old Military Hospital at Fort Phillip and were the first government high schools in Australia. The Girls’ School remained at Observatory Hill until 1975. Many distinguished Sydney women were students of this school.

The Dawn December 1889 (Image: Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW)

04 Female Orphan School Site, corner of George and Bridge streets

The Female Orphan School was set up by Governor King in 1801 to house destitute young girls. It was officially opened on 17 August 1801, housing 31 girls between the ages of 7 and 14. By 1829 there were 152 inmates, including some Aboriginal girls.

Cooking Class at work, 1910 (Photograph: Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW)

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05 Florence Taylor, architect 06 Wuganmagulya (Farm Cove) 16–20 Loftus Street Shoreline, Royal Botanic Gardens, Farm Cove

The Building Publishing Co, founded by Florence A ceremonial site before European arrival, modern-day Taylor (1879–1969) and her husband George in 1907, Farm Cove was where Aboriginal women fished and operated out of 20 Loftus Street from 1924–1962. swam. Colonial paintings show women in their canoes, Florence edited a number of trade journals, providing with fires burning to cook their catch for their children, contemporary comment on architecture, design and just offshore here. In the pathway along the shore, urban planning issues. She was a founding member Wuganmagulya, an artwork by Aboriginal artist Brenda of the Town Planning Association of NSW. Despite Croft, honours the original owners of this land. completing her articles, having a flourishing domestic architecture practice and obtaining glowing references, the NSW Institute of Architects knocked back her application for associate membership in 1907. It was not until 1920 that they finally invited Florence into their ranks.

(Image: Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW)

07 Female Immigration Depot Hyde Park Barracks, Macquarie Street

Hyde Park Barracks, a former convict dormitory, was adapted in 1848 as Sydney’s Female Immigration Depot, to protect and process women arriving in the colony under various government schemes. Up until 1886, thousands of impoverished working-class women were housed here, some with their children, before starting new lives in Australia. A contemporary monument in the compound wall commemorates the many Irish immigrants and “workhouse” girls who came to New South Wales fleeing the Irish Famine.

Florence Taylor with her staff in front of the building at 20 Loftus Street in 1950 (Photograph: Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW)

Cotton bonnets, mid-late 19th century (Photograph: Christopher Shain / Historic Houses Trust of NSW)

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Lucy Osburn, 08 founder of modern nursing in Sydney 11 Jessie Street, human rights activist Office, , 4 Martin Place Sydney Hospital, Macquarie StREET

Sydney Hospital was the first in Australia to employ Jessie Street was a pioneering feminist who helped found female nurses on the Nightingale model. Lucy Osburn, the United Associations of Women, and was an activist for Lady Superintendent here from 1868 to 1884, laid the women’s and children’s rights, full equality for Aboriginal foundations of modern nursing in Australia. The Lucy people, equal pay, international peace and universal Osburn-Nightingale Foundation Museum on level one human rights. She co-chaired the first union equal commemorates her. pay committee with Lucy Woodcock, and represented Australia at the UN Conference in 1945. She had an office in this building from 1924. She is remembered with a statue in the Jessie Street Memorial Garden at Loftus Street, Circular Quay.

Sydney Hospital c1920 (Photograph: Archives)

Millicent Preston Stanley, 09 first women parliamentarian Parliament House, Macquarie Street

The first woman elected to the NSW Parliament in 1925, Preston Stanley combined a Jessie Street representing Australia at the United Nations lifelong interest in women’s (National Library of Australia, NLA MS 2683) rights and political participation with conservative politics and a cutting turn of phrase. Called 12 Quong Tart’s Tea Rooms a battleaxe by a heckler at a Site, 137 King Street political meeting, she retorted: “A battleaxe is a pretty useful weapon if it’s kept sharp and The women-only upstairs room here was the site of the bright.” President of Sydney’s early meetings of the Womanhood Suffrage League of Feminist Club from 1919–34 NSW, founded in 1891. A decade of organised activism and again in the 1950s, she followed, and NSW women got the vote in 1902. fought for better maternal (Photograph: Chinese tea merchant Mei Quong Tart’s tea-rooms health, government family payments NSW Parliamentary Archives) here, and later in the , were also and maternal custody rights. used for meetings of other women’s organisations, such as the Kindergarten Union. Maybanke Anderson was a founding member of the League and the Union.

Maybanke Anderson 10 and The Woman’s Voice Offices, 348–352 George Street

Maybanke Anderson, founding member of the Womanhood Suffrage League of NSW, and campaigner for women’s and children’s rights, produced her journal, The Woman’s Voice from offices in a previous building on this site. It is said that the strategy for including Maybanke Wolstenholme women in the federal constitution (later Anderson) c1890 was devised here in about 1897. (Photograph: Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW)

(Photograph: Society of Australian Genealogists)

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The Women’s Club 13 Nellie Stewart, singer and actor 15 Wall tablet, inside St James Church, King Street Level 4, 179 Elizabeth Street

Nellie Stewart (1858–1931) The Women’s Club was founded in 1901 by Dr Mary toured England, India and the Booth, an early doctor, as a place where women USA, building a solo career interested in public, professional, scientific and artistic in comic and grand opera. work “might spend their leisure moments and associate In May 1901, she sang at together”. The first committee also included Rose the concert celebrating the Scott, pioneer of women’s suffrage in NSW. It had opening of the Commonwealth 807 members by 1929. Sydney University Women Parliament. In 1902, she first Graduates Association and the Professional Women played Nell Gwynne in Sweet Workers Association were also associated with the Nell of Old Drury, a production Club. so successful that she became known as Sweet Nell. In 1910 she raised £3000 to buy radium for Sydney Hospital which named its Children’s Miss Nellie Stewart as Ward after her. There is also a ‘Sweet Nell’ in 1909 (Image: Nellie Stewart monument in the National Library of Australia, David Elliott theatrical Botanic Gardens, erected in postcard collection) 1938 by the Nellie Stewart Old Drury Club. Dr Mary Booth (Photograph: National Library of Australia)

14 Sydney Girls’ High School site Now David Jones, corner Elizabeth and Market Streets 16 Young Women’s Christian Association Wentworth Avenue, near Oxford Street

Sydney High School was established on this site in 1883. Boys were taught on the ground floor and girls on the The Sydney branch of the YWCA dates from 1880, first floor, with separate entrances. The first school in providing accommodation for female migrants from 1881, NSW to prepare girls for entrance to university, Sydney an employment agency in 1890, an early savings bank Girls’ High remained on this site until 1921, when it for women in 1904, and the first women’s gymnasium moved to Moore Park. Many distinguished Sydney in 1912. From its foundation, “The Y” has been in the women are ex-students. forefront of advocacy and services for women in Sydney and throughout NSW.

(Photograph: Pictures Collection, State Library of Victoria) YWCA women at the Lotus Judo Club (Photograph: National Archives of Australia)

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17 Sydney Women’s Liberation House 19 Women’s Electoral Lobby 25 Alberta Street 66 Albion Street, Surry Hills

This two-storey terrace The Women’s Electoral Lobby (WEL) house became Women’s was established in in 1972 Liberation House after the by Beatrice Faust. At a meeting at move from 67 Glebe Point the Sydney house of Julia Freebury, Road. It was the venue for Caroline Graham, June Surtees and WEL Badges (Private meetings of many groups as Wendy McCarthy agreed to convene a collection, Helen well as the general meeting Sydney group. Forty women attended L’Orange and Jessie place for women’s liberation. the first public meeting in Sydney on 17 Street National The Rape Crisis Centre’s first June 1972. The founding members had Women’s Library) telephone counseling service been involved in childbirth education, and Control, the birth control women’s health issues, abortion law reform and and abortion referral service Women’s Liberation. WEL continues to be an were located here. The independent, feminist, non-profit lobby group Mejane, Scarlet Woman and working to protect the rights of all Australian Refractory Girl collectives women. met here as did Women in Education and Theory and Action groups. The Women’s Sydney Women’s Liberation Liberation Library is in Newsletter, March 1976 Crown Street Women’s Hospital the Jessie Street National (Jessie Street National 20 Corner Albion and Crown Streets, Surry Hills Women’s Library collection. Women’s Library collection)

This was designed as a 75-bed maternity hospital with visiting nurses who provided pre-natal and post-natal care in homes within a mile’s radius. The foundation stone, laid by the Governor’s wife, Lady Chelmsford on 24th August, 1912, can be found on the old building 18 150–152 Elizabeth StREET on Albion Street near the corner of Crown Street, now converted into apartments.

Australian Hall, Elizabeth Street was the site of the Day of Mourning protest held on 26 January 1938. Women, Aboriginal and white, were active in the campaign for full citizens’ rights for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Nurses with babies c1936 (Photograph: Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW)

21 Salvation Army Young Women’s Hostel 348 Elizabeth Street, Surry Hills

The Salvation Army Young Women’s Hostel for working Day of Mourning protest, 1938 (Photograph: Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW) girls was set up here in 1912 to provide budget accommodation for single women working in the city. In 1924, a new hostel for young women was opened at Moore Park but this building at 348 Elizabeth Street continued to be used as a shelter for destitute women. The building is now a residential rehabilitation service for women, still run by the Salvation Army.

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Chinese Women’s Association Bessie Guthrie, 22 26 Meeting place, corner Pitt and Goulburn streets designer, publisher & activist 97 Derwent Street, Glebe

The Chinese Women’s Association was set up in 1954 Bessie Guthrie’s feminism spanned many decades. by Phyllis Wang, wife of the Chinese Consul in Sydney. Her Viking Press published women’s writing during It met in the Chequers Restaurant at the corner of Pitt World War II. When Women’s Liberation arrived, Bessie and Goulburn Streets, later the Mandarin Club. Phyllis was in her sixties. She welcomed it, announcing “I’ve was a moving spirit in the Chinese community. She been waiting for you women to get here all my life”. An organised community activities, among them fashion advocate for girls’ rights in the child welfare and justice parades to raise money for Chinese and Australian system from the 1950s, she led a successful campaign charities. to improve conditions for girls in custody in 1973–74. Inspirational to, and inspired by, a younger generation of feminists, she died in Glebe in 1977.

Bertha Macnamara, 23 “mother of the labour movement” Plaque, inside Trades Hall foyer, 4–10 Goulburn Street

From the 1890s to the 1920s, Bertha ran a radical bookshop and boarding house in Castlereagh Street. One of her daughters married poet Henry Lawson; another married Labor Premier, Jack Lang.

24 Jessie Street National Women’s Library 523–525 Harris Street, Ultimo

A specialist women’s library was established in 1989, the centenary of Jessie Street’s birth, and named in her honour. The Library is self-funded, supported by the City of Sydney, and staffed by volunteers. It has a large collection of feminist archives, books and posters.

25 Women’s College, Sydney University Carillon Avenue, Newtown

Women’s College, Sydney University, was opened in 1892, 10 years after women were admitted to the university, and was the first university college for women in Australia. Louisa Macdonald was its first Principal. Many distinguished Sydney women have been residents. Bessie Guthrie (Photograph: Toni Robertson / Jessie Street National Women’s Library Collection)

Country Women’s Association 27 Residential Club 11 Greenknowe Avenue, Potts Point

Founded in 1922, the CWA has provided women and children with facilities and services, and built a social and cultural organisation with branches throughout New South Wales, as well as advocating on behalf of women, especially rural women, of all backgrounds. The founding president, Grace Munro, believed that improved conditions for country women would come about only by their own efforts. (Photograph: Women’s College Archives)

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Discover more of historic Sydney with the other walking tour brochures in this series.

More information can be found at the City’s website: www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/history or call the City of Sydney on 9265 9333 We welcome your feedback: [email protected]

This story is one of many layers www.dictionaryofsydney.org Front Cover Image: Miss Nellie Stewart as ‘Sweet Nell’ in 1909 (Image: National Library of Australia, David Elliott theatrical postcard collection)

Think before you bin this guide After reading, pass it on to someone else who might find it useful or recycle it.

This brochure was prepared by the History Program at the City of Sydney. 3rd edition, May 2013. HWT 11