Volume 10, Number 1 March 2018

ISSN 1313 - 8820 (print) ISSN 1314 - 412X (online) Volume 10, Number 1 March 2018

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Yanka Ivanova (Bulgaria) ISSN 1313 - 8820 (print) Volume 10, Number 1 ISSN 1314 - 412X (online) March 2018

2018 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 10, No 1, pp 29 - 33, 2018 DOI: 10.15547/ast.2018.01.007

Registration of a new sunflower hybrid – Sevar

P. Peevska1*, M. Drumeva2, G. Georgiev1

1Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute, 9521 General Toshevo, Bulgaria 2Department of Plant Production, Technical University of Varna, 5200 Varna, Bulgaria

(Manuscript received 11 July 2017; accepted for publication 6 February 2018)

Abstract. The aim of the present article was to introduce the new Bulgarian sunflower hybrid Sevar, which since 2015 has been included in the European Catalog of Field and Vegetable Crop Varieties. Sunflower hybrid Sevar was developed at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute (DAI), General Toshevo. The hybrid is male sterile, two-linear and was obtained by interlinear hybridization. The parental components are line 807А, which possesses cytoplasmic male sterility, and the father line is 509R, a branched fertility restorer line developed through in vitro methods. The two lines demonstrated very good combining ability. Sevar is an early maturing hybrid, with duration of the vegetation period of 107–110 days. Plant height is within the range of 155-160cm, and the head diameter is 26–29cm. The seeds have absolute weight 48–57g and oil content 49–50%. The oil is of linoleic type. The percent of kernel in the seed is 75 – 76%, and the protein in the whole seed is 19–20%. The weight of seeds per plant is 69-80g, and the number of seeds is 1150-1300. The duration of flowering is 10–12 days. The maximum seed yield obtained in the experimental fields of DAI is 4300 kg/ha, and in the neighboring Romania – 6406 kg/ha. In the breeding fields of DAI, the hybrid was tested three years according to a scheme approved for this crop. During the testing period, Sevar exceeded the mean standard by seed yield with 2.7–11.8%. By oil yield, the exceeding during the three years was within 3.5 – 19.1%. The highest yield was observed in 2010 – 4002 kg/ha seed yield and 1985 kg/ha oil yield. The oil content of this hybrid reached 49.6% and was higher than the standards San Luka and Brio. Sevar is resistant to the economically important diseases downy mildew (up to race 731) and the parasite Orobanche (up to race F). Hybrid Sevar was registered in Romania with certificate No. 4934/09.06.2015 and was included in the European Catalog of Field and Vegetable Crop Varieties.

Keywords: sunflower hybrid, vegetation period, seed yield, oil yield

Introduction Material and methods One of the main tasks in the contemporary breeding of sunflower is developing high yielding hybrids which are resistant to Hybrid Sevar was developed by the method of interlinear diseases. The increasing demands of the market for sunflower hybridization. It is a male fertile two linear hybrid. The mother hybrids of variable properties allow the establishment of new component is the cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) line 807A, sunflower varieties. The good hybrid, apart from being high-yielding, developed by hybridization between two lines (No.650 and No.217), should also be adaptable to changeable biotic and abiotic factors of originating from Russian varieties. Using the methods of selfing and the environment and capable of revealing its maximum potential selection, the line was rendered morphologically and genetically under such conditions. In sunflower breeding, the choice of parental homogenous. It has very good general and specific combining lines is of high importance and determines the degree of heterosis ability. Its successful use as a female component in the most recent expression in the F1 hybrid progeny. The breeding process for Bulgarian sunflower hybrids confirms its excellent properties. The developing new hybrids is a long one involving collection and phytopathological evaluation of line 807A defines it as resistant to developing of initial material, selection and estimation of parental the parasite Orobanche up to race F, moderately resistant to phoma components, testing of the new forms made, their release and and alternaria and moderately resistant to phomopsis. The line is distribution. The successful outcome of each breeding project is the early maturing, with short duration of the vegetation period. development of high-yielding genotypes, which have not only The father component of hybrid Sevar is the fertility restorer line valuable traits from a scientific point of view, but also have been 509R, developed by hybridization between lines 650А and 7037R, realized in production (Christov et al., 2009; Chamurliyski et al., applying pollination with irradiated pollen at dose 700 Gy and in vitro 2011; Chamurliyski and Tsenov, 2013; Georgiev et al., 2013, 2014). cultivation of immature embryos. The line is strongly branched, with Therefore, tests of the new hybrids are carried out under different yellow-orange coloration of the ray florets and rich in pollen. It has soil and climatic conditions to determine their maximum productivity very good general and specific combining ability, and is resistant to potential (Marinković et al., 2011; Tahsin, 2012; Valkova, 2013; downy mildew (race 731), to the parasite Orobanche (race F), and Gonzales et al., 2013; Encheva et al., 2014). moderately resistant to phoma, phomopsis and alternaria. The aim of this study was to present some of the recent The hybrid cross (807A x 509R) was made in 2009 at DAI – achievements of the Bulgarian sunflower breeding, introducing the General Toshevo and was tested in a competitive field varietal trial. new hybrid Sevar, developed at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute The testing was carried out after previous crop wheat, using (DAI), General Toshevo. agronomy practices appropriate for the technology of growing this

* e-mail: [email protected]

29 crop. The experimental plots were each of 12 m2 harvesting area, flowering according to the method of Maric (1981). The reaction of with standard block design, in three replications of two rows. The the plants was read at stage yellow-brown maturity according to a 4- crop density was 61220 plants per ha. Three standards were used – degree scale: 0 – no symptoms; 1 – necrotic spot around the petiole; San Luka, Brio and Clarissa. 2 – several merging necrotic spots on the stem; 3 – entire stem During the vegetation period, all morphological and covered with necrotic spots or broken. phenological traits of the hybrid cross were marked according to the The official testing of new sunflower hybrid Sevar in Romania description of the International Union for the Protection of New was carried out at 10 locations which cover almost all soil and Varieties of Plants (UPOV, 2002). The main studied elements of yield climatic regions suitable for growing agricultural crops in this were: seed yield, kg/ha, oil in seed, %, and oil yield, kg/ha. country. Two Romanian hybrids were used as standards. In the Oil percentage was determined by the method of Rushkovsky second and third year this was the hybrid Daniel, and in the first year (1957), analyzing two samples, each of 50 seeds per plant. From – hybrid Alex. each variant 10 plants were analyzed. The phytopathological evaluation of the hybrid and the parental lines was done at DAI – General Toshevo. The resistance to downy Results and discussion mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) was determined under greenhouse conditions according to the standard methodology of Vear and In 2012 the F1 hybrid combination 807А х 509R, developed at Tourvieille (1987). The evaluation for resistance to races 700 and DAI – General Toshevo, was presented to company Saaten Union – 731 was done by using a 0-100% scale. The resistance to the Romania as a candidate-hybrid for registration and enlistment in the parasite broomrape (Orobanche cumana) was determined by the European catalog of Field and Vegetable Crop Varieties within the method of Panchenko (1975). The resistance to grey stem spots on system of the State Institute for Variety Testing and Registration – sunflower (Phomopsis helianthi) was determined by the method of ISTIS Romania. Following a three-year testing during 2102–2014, Encheva and Kiryakov (2002) under artificial infection in field the hybrid was officially registered with certificate conditions. The type of attack was read one week prior to flowering, No.4935/09.06.2015 under the commercial name Sevar. at milk maturity stage. The following scale was applied: 0 – no symptoms; 1 – necrotic spot with diameter up to 5cm; 2 – necrotic 1. Morphological description of hybrid Sevar spot with diameter more than 5cm; 3 – several merging necrotic The hybrid is characterized by medium to tall height (155–160 spots on the stem; 4 – stem broken at the place of infection. The tests cm), medium head size (26–29cm), orange-yellow ray flowers, non- for resistance to black stem disease of sunflower (Phoma branched stem and black seeds with grey stripes (Table 1). In macdonaldii) were carried out under artificial infection in field general, the morphological traits of the hybrid are common for the oil- conditions. Inoculation was done at stage budding – beginning of bearing type of sunflower.

Table 1. Morphological characteristics of sunflower hybrid Sevar (UPOV, 2002) No. Traits Expression Degree 1. Hypocotyl: anthocyanin coloration Absent 1 2. Hypocotyl: anthocyanin coloration Absent 1 3. Leaf: size Very large 9 4. Leaf: green color Medium green 5 5. Leaf: blistering Weak 3 6. Leaf: serration Medium 5 7. Leaf: shape of cross section Concave 1 8. Leaf: shape of distal part Acuminate 8 9. Leaf: auricules Large 7 10. Leaf: wings Absent 1 11. Leaf: angle of lowest lateral veins Right or nearly right angle 2 12. Leaf: height of the tip of the blade compared High to insertion of petiole (at 2/3 height of plant) 7 13. Stem: intensity of hairiness at the top Medium 5 14. Time of flowering Medium 5 15. Ray flower: density Dense 7 16. Ray flower: shape Narrow ovate 2 17. Ray flower: disposition Flat 1 18. Ray flower: length Medium 5 19. Ray flower: color Orange yellow 4 20. Disk flower color Yellow 1 21. Disk flower: anthocyanin coloration of stigma Absent 1

30 22. Disk flower: intensity of anthocyanin coloration of stigma – – 23. Disk flower: presence of pollen Present 9 24. Bract shape Triangular 2 25. Bract: length of the tip Long 7 26. Bract: green color of the external part Medium 5 27. Bract: attitude in relation to head Not embracing or very slightly embracing 1 28. Plant: natural height Medium to tall 6 29. Plant: branching Absent 1 30. Plant: type of branching – – 31. Plant: natural position of closest lateral head to the central head – – 32. Head: attitude Turned down with straight stem 9 33. Head: size Medium 5 34. Head: shape of grain side Weakly concave 2 35. Seed: size Medium 5 36. Seed: shape Narrow ovoid 2 37. Seed: thickness relative to width Thin 3 38. Seed: main color Black 4 39. Seed: stripes on margin Strongly expressed 3 40. Seed: stripes between margin Strongly expressed 3 41. Seed: color of stripes Grey 2 2. Biological and economic properties This is a great advantage from the point of view of the agronomy Sunflower hybrid Sevar is an early maturing hybrid, with practices. The father line 509R is strongly branched and rich in duration of the vegetation period of 107-110 days. The seeds have pollen. The most suitable planting scheme for seed production is absolute weight 48–57g and oil content 49–50%. The oil is of linoleic 10:2 (female to male line); at least 3-4 well developed bee colonies type. The percentage of kernel in the seed is 75–76%, and the are necessary per ha to ensure good pollination. protein in the whole seed is 19-20%. The weight of seeds per plant is 69-80g, and the number of seeds is 1150-1300. The duration of 3. Preliminary testing of hybrid Sevar at DAI – General Toshevo flowering is 10–12 days. The maximum seed yield obtained in the Hybrid Sevar was tested in a three-year testing scheme at the experimental fields of DAI is 4300 kg/ha, and in the neighboring trial fields of DAI – General Toshevo, involving two-year testing in a Romania – 6406 kg/ha. competitive varietal trial and one-year testing in a unified varietal trial The seed production of the new hybrid allows simultaneous (Table 2). planting of the two parental lines since their flowering dates coincide. During the testing, hybrid Sevar exceeded the mean standard

Table 2. Results from the preliminary tests of hybrid Sevar at DAI – General Toshevo Hybrids Seed yield, kg/ha % to mean standard Oil percent, % Oil yield, kg/ha % to mean standard 2009 – competitive varietal trial Sevar 3900 111.5 49.0 1911 119.1 San luka (standard) 3031 86.7 44.6 1352 84.3 Clarissa (standard) 3317 94.9 49.3 1635 101.9 Brio (standard) 4139 118.4 44.1 1825 113.8 Mean standard 3496 100.0 46.0 1604 100.0 2010 – competitive varietal trial Sevar 4002 111.8 49.6 1985 113.1 San luka (standard) 3528 98.6 46.8 1651 94.1 Clarissa (standard) 5319 92.8 53.6 1779 101.4 Brio (standard) 3886 108.6 47.2 1834 104.5 Mean standard 3578 100.0 49.2 1755 100.0 2011 – unified varietal trial Sevar 3645 102.7 49.3 1797 103.5 San Luka (standard) 3189 89.9 47.1 1502 86.5 Clarissa (standard) 3553 100.1 52.3 1858 107.0 Brio (standard) 3906 110.0 47.3 1848 106.5 Mean standard 3549 100.0 48.9 1736 100.0

31 Table 3. Results from the official testing of hybrid Sevar in Romania Seeds yield % to Seeds yield % to Seeds yield % to % to the (kg/ha) standard (kg/ha) standard (kg/ha) standard standard, Region Hybrids averaged 2012 2013 2014 for 3 years standard 1999 100 3821 100 1868 100 100 1. Troian Sevar 1576 79 3722 97 2037 109 95 standard 3154 100 4316 100 3393 100 100 2. Tecuci Sevar 3092 98 4673 108 3683 109 105 standard 2124 100 4531 100 3292 100 100 3. Râmnicu Sărat Sevar 2286 108 6406 141 2389 81 110 standard 2492 100 3487 100 3763 100 100 4. Portaresti Sevar 2959 119 4523 130 4820 128 126 standard 2873 100 3363 100 3230 100 100 5. Peciu Nou Sevar 3339 103 3051 91 2928 102 99 standard 3057 100 4408 100 4201 100 100 6. Negresti Sevar 2769 91 4791 109 4098 98 99 standard 2204 100 2698 100 4580 100 100 7. Mircea Voda Sevar 2721 124 3034 113 4015 88 108 standard 2441 100 3507 100 2495 100 100 8. Inand Sevar 2407 99 3436 98 2458 99 99 standard 3801 100 4055 100 3518 100 100 9. Dalga Sevar 3414 90 4346 107 3359 96 98 standard 1981 100 2240 100 2716 100 100 10.Cogealac Sevar 1937 98 1615 72 2314 85 85 standard 2648 100 3642 100 3234 100 100 Averaged from 10 locations Sevar 2650 100 3959 109 3210 99 103 by seed yield with 2.7–11.8%. The exceeding by oil yield during the vegetation period of the plants. During the second year of official three years of testing varied within 3.5 – 19.1%. The yield was the testing, averaged from all locations, the new hybrid Sevar gave a highest in 2010 – 4002 kg/ha seed yield and 1985 kg/ha oil yield. The mean yield of 3959 kg/ha, exceeding the standard by 9%. oil percent of this hybrid reached 49.6% and was higher than the The highest seed yield was 6406 kg/ha from location Râmnicu standards San Luka and Brio. Sărat in 2013, and the lowest – 1576 kg/ha from Troian in 2012. The highest exceeding to the standard was by 41% in 2013 at location 4. Official testing in Romania Râmnicu Sărat. Hybrid Sevar demonstrated results exceeding the In 2012 hybrid Sevar was provided to the company Saaten standard by up to 26% at 4 locations out of ten. Union – Romania for official three-year testing on the territory of Averaged for the three years of testing, Sevar exceeded the Romania (Table 3). standard by 3% and was included in the European Catalog of Field and Vegetable Crop Varieties. The low seed and oil yield per ha during the first year were related to the unfavorable conditions of 2012, characterized with 5. Phytopathological characterization of Sevar very high air temperatures, which lasted for a long period The evaluation of the resistance to the economically important accompanied by permanent drought during almost the entire diseases and the parasite broomrape of the hybrid was carried out in

Table 4. Phytopathological evaluation of sunflower hybrids in artificial infection fields at DAI – General Toshevo Phomopsis helianthi Phoma macdonaldi Plasmopara helianthi Orobanche cumana Hybrid Resistance to Resistance to Resistance to Attacking rate Rank Attacking rate Rank race 700, % race 731, % races A-F, % San Luka 3/3(3) 3 1/3(1) 1 100.0 92.9 100.0 Diabolo 2/3(2) 2 1/3(1) 1 100.0 90.5 100.0 Brio 1/3(1) 1 0 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 PR64F50 1/3(1) 1 0 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sevar 1/3(1) 1 0 0 100.0 100.0 100.0

32 the infection fields of DAI – General Toshevo. Hybrid Sevar was sunflower resistance for Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi Munt. resistant to the fungal pathogen Phomopsis helianthi (Table 4). Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 8, 219-222. Encheva Y, Georgiev G, Nenova N, Valkova D, Georgiev G and To the other important leaf pathogen Phoma macdonaldi, it Christov M, 2014. Developing of sunflower lines and hybrids demonstrated an immune type of reaction. The hybrid showed 100% resistant to herbicides. Field Crops Studies, 9, 57-68 (Bg). resistance to downy mildew (Plasmopara helianthi), races 700 and Georgiev G, Peevska P and Penchev E, 2013. Testing of new 731. To the parasite broomrape (Orobanche cumana) the resistance Bulgarian sunflower hybrids under the conditions of North-East was 100% (races A-F) (Table 4). Bulgaria. I. Productivity and traits related to productivity. Agricultural Science and Technology, 5, 371-375. Georgiev G, Peevska P and Penchev E, 2014. Testing of new Conclusion Bulgarian sunflower hybrids under the conditions of North-East Bulgaria. II. Phenological specificity. Agricultural Science and Hybrid Sevar showed very good adaptability potential and Technology, 6, 403-408. realized its high productive potential under different soil and climatic Gonzáles J, Mancuzo N and Ludueña P, 2013. Sunflower yield conditions. The hybrid demonstrated resistance to the economically and climatic variables. Helia, 36 (58), 69-76. important diseases and the parasite broomrape. It was officially Maric A, 1981. Fusarium diseases of wheat and corn in Eastern registered in Romania and was included in the European Catalog of Europe and the Soviet Union. Fusarium: Diseases, Biology and Field and Vegetable Crop Varieties. Taxonomy, 94a, 103. Marinković R, Jocković M, Marjanović-Jeromela A, Jocić S, Ćirić M, Čanak P and Radeka I, 2011. Stability evaluation of new nd References sunflower (H. annuus L.) hybrids. In: Proc. 52 meeting of oil processing industry “Production and processing of oilseeds”, Herceg Novi, Montenegro, June 5-10, 2011. Business association Chamurliyski P and Tsenov N, 2013. Yield stability of “Industrial plants”, Novi Sad, Serbia, 52, pp. 53-62. contemporary Bulgarian winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum Panchenko AY, 1975. Early diagnosis of broomrape resistance in L.) in Dobrudzha. Agricultural Science and Technology, 5, 16-21. the selection and breeding of sunflower. Vestnik, Chamurliyski P, Tsenov N and Stoeva I, 2011. Productivity and Selskokhozyaistvennoi Nauki, Moscow, USSR, 20, 107-115 (Ru). quality of modern Bulgarian bread wheat varieties (Triticum Rushkovsky S, 1957. Research methods in the selection of oil aestivum L.). Field Crops Studies, 7, 233-241 (Bg). plants for oil content and quality. Pishchepromizdat, 119 (Ru). Christov M, Piskov A, Encheva J, Valkova D, Drumeva M, Tahsin N, 2012. Productivity of oleaginous sunflower hybrids Nenova N, Nikolova V, Encheva V, Shindrova P, Petrov P and depending on the soil type. Agricultural Sciences, 4, 27-32 (Bg). Georgiev G, 2009. Developing sunflower hybrid cultivars with UPOV, 2002. Protocol for distinctness uniformity and stability tests increased productive potential, resistant to economic important for (Helianthus annuus L.). European Union Community plant variety the country diseases and parasite broomrape using classical and office, pp. 10-28. biotechnological methods. Modern scientific problems of creation of Valkova D, 2013. Investigation on species of genus Helianthus as varieties and hybrids of oil-bearing crops and technology of their sources of important breeding traits. Thesis for PhD, Dobrudzha cultivation. Proceedings of the international conference (August 4-6, Agricultural Institute General Toshevo (Bg). 2009, Zaporozhye). Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Vear F and Tourvielle D, 1987. Test the resistance au Mildiou chez Institute of Oilseeds. Zaporozhye, pp. 80-82. le tournesol. CETIOM. Information techniques, 98, 19-20. Encheva V and Kiryakov I, 2002. Method for evaluation of

33 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 10, No 1, 2018

CONTENTS 1 / 2

Review

Achievements and problems in the weed control in grain maize (Zea mays L.) 3 G. Delchev, M. Georgiev

Genetics and Breeding

Yield and coefficient of ecological valence of spring barley in the regions of Sadovo and Karnobat, 8 Bulgaria N. Neykov, T. Mokreva

Agronomic performance of mutant lines of winter two-rowed barley 12 B. Dyulgerova, D. Valcheva, N. Dyulgerov

Phenotypic diversity in six-rowed winter barley (Hordeum sativum L.) varieties 16 N. Dyulgerov, B. Dyulgerova

Evaluation of rye specimens in maturity stage on the base of mathematical – statistical analysis 21 V. Kuneva, E. Valchinova, A. Stoyanova

Evaluation of lentil cultivars and lines for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis 25 M. Koleva, Y. Stanoeva, I. Kiryakov, A. Ivanova, P. Chamurlyiski

Registration of a new sunflower hybrid - Sevar 29 P. Peevska, M. Drumeva, G. Georgiev

Nutrition and Physiology

The effect of novel xylanase on feeding value of diet containing cereal by-products for broilers 34 J.M. Abdulla, S.P. Rose, V. Pirgozliev

Effect of dietary garlic powder and probiotics supplementation on growth performance of male 37 Ross 308 broilers H. Lukanov, I. Pavlova, A. Genchev

Slaughter traits of Pharaoh Japanese quails 41 А. Genchev, H. Lukanov, I. Penchev

Blood count in dogs with mammary gland carcinoma 44 Ts. Hristov, R. Binev

Production Systems

Economic efficiency of fattening on different genotypes slow-growing and fast-growing broiler 48 chickens M. Oblakova, Y. Popova, P. Hristakieva, N. Mincheva, M. Lalev AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 10, No 1, 2018

CONTENTS 2 / 2

Effect of nutmeg extract supplementation on some productive traits and economic efficiency of 54 common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) cultivated in recirculation system G. Zhelyazkov, S. Stoyanova, I. Sirakov, K. Velichkova, Y. Staykov

Agriculture and Environment

Influence of biomanipulation on the living communities and the water quality in the Strezhevo 57 hydroecosystem, R. Macedonia R. Nastova, V. Kostov, N. Gjorgovska, V. Levkov

Product Quality and Safety

Residue analysis of difenoconazole in apple fruits grown in Republic of Macedonia 63 V. Jankuloska, I. Karov, G. Pavlovska

Organoleptic properties of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata poir) as affected by autoclaving time 67 M. Ahmed, Y.B. Kiri, M.S. Abubakar

Influence of Goji berries on oxidative changes, microbiological status and chemical properties of 70 sausages A. Mitev, A. Kuzelov, E. Joshevska Instruction for authors tables and figures, accompanied by the Мо, Greek = Gr, Georgian = Geor., statistical parameters needed for the Japanese = Jа, Chinese = Ch, Arabic = Аr, Preparation of papers evaluation. Data from tables and figures etc.) Papers shall be submitted at the editorial should not be repeated in the text. The following order in the reference list is office typed on standard typing pages (A4, Tables should be as simple and as few as recommended: 30 lines per page, 62 characters per line). possible. Each table should have its own Journal articles: Author(s) surname and The editors recommend up to 15 pages for explanatory title and to be typed on a initials, year. Title. Full title of the journal, full research paper ( including abstract separate page. They should be outside the volume, pages. 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Oxford, UK. author is indicated with *. and no new paragraphs be used. Todorov N and Mitev J, 1995. Effect of Abstract should be not more than 350 Contributions are the core of conclusions. level of feeding during dry period, and body words. It should be clearly stated what new References: condition score on reproductive perfor- findings have been made in the course of In the text, references should be cited as mance in dairy cows,IXth International research. Abbreviations and references to follows: single author: Sandberg (2002); Conference on Production Diseases in authors are inadmissible in the summary. It two authors: Andersson and Georges Farm Animals, September 11–14, Berlin, should be understandable without having (2004); more than two authors: Andersson Germany. read the paper and should be in one et al.(2003). When several references are Thesis: paragraph. cited simultaneously, they should be Hristova D, 2013. Investigation on genetic Keywords: Up to maximum of 5 keywords ranked by chronological order e.g.: diversity in local sheep breeds using DNA should be selected not repeating the title (Sandberg, 2002; Andersson et al., 2003; markers. Thesis for PhD, Trakia University, but giving the essence of study. Andersson and Georges, 2004). Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, (Bg). The introduction must answer the References are arranged alphabetically by following questions: What is known and the name of the first author. If an author is The Editorial Board of the Journal is not what is new on the studied issue? What cited more than once, first his individual responsible for incorrect quotes of necessitated the research problem, publications are given ranked by year, then reference sources and the relevant described in the paper? What is your come publications with one co-author, two violations of copyrights. hypothesis and goal ? co-authors, etc. The names of authors, Material and methods: The objects of article and journal titles in the Cyrillic or Animal welfare research, organization of experiments, alphabet different from Latin, should be Studies performed on experimental chemical analyses, statistical and other transliterated into Latin and article titles animals should be carried out according to methods and conditions applied for the should be translated into English. internationally recognized guidelines for experiments should be described in detail. The original language of articles and books animal welfare. That should be clearly A criterion of sufficient information is to be translated into English is indicated in described in the respective section possible for others to repeat the experi- parenthesis after the bibliographic “Material and methods”. ment in order to verify results. reference (Bulgarian = Bg, Russian = Ru, Results are presented in understandable Serbian = Sr, if in the Cyrillic, Mongolian = Volume 10, Number 1 March 2018