District Profile Tehri Garhwal,

Tehri Garhwal is one of the western district of Uttaranchal located on the outer ranges of the mid which comprise low line peaks rising contiguously with the planes of the north . For administrative purposes, the district is divided into seven tahsils – namely Tehri, Pratapnagar, Narendranagar, , Ghansali, Jakhanidhar and . There are 979 , 1,862 villages, seven towns and an area of 3642 sq km.

DEMOGRAPHY As per Census 2011, the total population of Tehri Garhwal is 618,931, out of which 297,986 were males and 320,945 were females. This gives a sex ratio of 1077 females per 1000 males. The percentage of urban population in the district is 11.33 percent, which is much lower than the state average of 30.23 percent. The decadal growth rate of population in Uttarakhand is 18.81 percent, while Tehri Garhwal reports a 2.35 decadal growth in the population. The decadal growth rate of urban population in Uttarakhand is 39.93 percent, while Tehri Garhwal reports a 17.20 percent. The district population density is 170 in 2011. The Sched- uled Caste population in the district is 16.50 percent while Scheduled Tribe comprises 0.14 percent of the population.

The overall literacy rate of Tehri is 76.36 percent while the male & female literacy rates are 89.76 percent and 64.28 percent respectively. At the block level, a consid- erable variation is noticeable in male-female literacy rate. Ghansali has the lowest literacy male and female rates at 86.83 percent and 58.0 percent respectively. Pratapnagr has the highest male literacy rate at 92.12 percent and Tehri has the highest female literacy rate at 70.84 percent.

Source: Census 2011

As urban population is present only in the Devprayag, Tehri and blocks, the urban literacy rate could be accounted only in these blocks. Among the three Devprayag has the lowest urban literacy rate at 87.34 percent and Tehri has the highest with 90.19 percent. Ghansali has the lowest rural literacy rate at 70.66 percent and Tehri has the highest with 77.66 percent. Source: Census 2011 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE

The three sectors of the economy – primary, secondary and tertiary – reflect the direction of growth of any region. In Tehri Garhwal the tertiary (services) sector contributed the maxi- mum share of 55.99 percent to Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) which is higher than that of Uttarakhand’s share of 51.9 percent to Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) in 2013- 14. The district’s primary (agricultural) sector contributes about 1/7th to GDDP (14.80 percent) while the secondary sector’s contribution is 29.21 percent which is lower than that in the state. The GDDP of Tehri Garhwal in primary and tertiary sectors are higher than that in Utta- rakhand.

On considering Net District Domestic Product (NDDP), Tehri Garhwal has 14.36 percent of share in the primary sector, 27.64 percent secondary sector share, while 58.0 percent of the income comes from the tertiary sector. Uttarakhand, as a state, gets 10.31 percent of its out- put (NSDP) from the primary sector, one third from the secondary sector (33.43 percent); but is certainly led by the tertiary sector (56.26 percent). The district’s share in NDDP to the pri- mary and tertiary sectors are more than that of the state and secondary sector lags behind Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Uttarakhand, 2004- that of the state as per the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Uttarakhand, 05 to 2013-14 with base year, 2004-05

The per capita income or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area in a specified year. Tehri Garhwal’s per capita income (Rs. 90, 173 is less than that of the state (Rs. 85,156). Low per capita income is usually an indicator of poverty in a region. According to the Planning Commission, (2009), the proportion of population living below poverty line is second highest in Tehri Garhwal in rural with Poverty Ratio- PVR (2004-05) of 61.20 and thirteenth in urban sector with PVR of 1.38. 99.9 percent of the poor in Tehri Garhwal are in rural and 0.10 percent are in urban. Considering the dis- tribution of poor across districts of urban and rural Uttarakhand, 12.23 percent of rural poor and 0.04 percent of urban poor population are in Tehri Garhwal.

As per Census 2011, the percentage of main workers in the total workforce in In terms of work participation rate Work Participation Rate Tehri Garhwal is 26.81 percent which is slightly higher than the State main (WPR) in the district, the male WPR workers (28.46 percent). Among the four categories, Cultivators form about at 47.26 percent is higher than that Male Female 66.72 percent of all workers which form the highest percent, while agricultural of female WPR at 43.5 percent Ghansali 44.17 50.24 labourers form 2.90 percent. The catchall category ‘Other Workers’ form Devprayag 46.97 45.66 28.94 percent of the entire working population of the district which is much Dhanaulti has the highest male WPR lower than that of the cultivators . It includes forms of employment in second- (49.16 percent) and Ghansali has the Pratapnagar 47.3 47.66 ary and tertiary sector . The workers in household industry forms 1.43 percent. lowest male WPR (44.17 percent). Jakhanidhar 45.84 48.93 Ghansali has the highest female WPR (50.24 percent) and Narendra Tehri 48.79 39.41 Nagar has the lowest female WPR Dhanaulti 49.16 44.66 (31.74 percent) Narendra Nagar 48.04 31.74

Tehri Garhwal 47.26 43.50 district Other Workers Cultivators Agricultural Labourer Household Workers 28.94 percent 66.72 percent – 2.90 percent 1.43 percent Source: Census 2011 Source: Census 2011 BASIC AMENITIES & HEALTH Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand

The overall percentage of households having access to improved drinking water source is 77.4 percent which is lower than the state Household (percent) with improved sanitation 65.8 64.5 average (92.9 percent) as per NFHS– 4, 2015-16. The same survey re- ports that 65.8 percent household have improved sanitation facilities Household (percent) with clean fuel for cooking 35.1 51.0 which is slightly higher than state average of 64.5 percent. Apart from drinking water and sanitation facility, only 35.1 percent of Household (percent) with improved drinking 77.4 92.9 household use clean fuel for cooking compared to state average of 51 water source

percent. However, in the district, 98.1 percent of household having 98.1 97.5 electricity which is slightly more than that of the state average (97.5 Household (percent) with electricity percent). Source: NFHS-4, 2015-16

In terms of health facilities, besides a district hospital, there is a network of sub- health centres (SHCS/Sub-HCs), Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Community Health Centres (CHCs) across the district. CHCs have the highest spread, followed by PHCs and then sub- health centres. Hence, CHCs and PHCs cater to a higher proportion of population than sub- health centres. The Sub-Centre is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary health care system and the community. NUTRITIONAL STATUS Health Facilities Covered Nutritional Status (Children under 5 Years)

Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand No. of Community Health Centre 05 59 Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

No. of Primary Health Centre 28 257 Stunted* 30.1 32.2 NA 33.5 34.0 32.5

Wasted* 46.9 45.6 NA 19.5 19.9 18.6 No. of Sub Health Centre 204 1848 Underweight* 44.2 41.9 NA 26.6 27.1 25.6 Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand Source: NFHS 4, 2015-16 Source: RHS 2016 in HMIS (*for births in the 5 years before the survey)

Infant Mortality Rate Maternal Mortality Ratio In Tehri Garhwal, the proportion of stunted children is lower in rural (32.2 per-

cent) areas than in Uttarakhand having 34.0 percent of stunted children. Tehri Garhwal 33* Tehri Garhwal 158 Among the three broad categories, the average proportion of wasted chil- dren appears to be the lowest both in State (19.5 percent), however highest Uttarakhand 33** Uttarakhand 165 in the district (46.9 percent), which is more than double of that of the state.

Sources: In Uttarakhand, about 26.6 percent of its under 5 year population is under- Source: Annual Health Survey 2012-13 *Annual Health Survey 2012-13 weight, while in Tehri Garhwal it is about 44.2 percent. **SRS 2016 *Stunted-Height for Age; Wasted-Weight for Height; Underweight-Weight for Height *Anganwadi Centres EDUCATIONAL STATUS — DISTRICT

(Government Schools include schools administered under Central Government, Local Bodies, Tribal and Social Welfare Department and Department of Education) Tehri Garhwal has 2130 Govt. schools all of which 2069 are till elementary grade. The district has 175 contractual teachers. Out of 2069 Govt. elementary schools in Tehri Garhwal have 835 Anganwadi Centres. Of all 2130 Govt. schools; only 835 have Anganwadis. In other words, only 39.2 percent of all Govt. schools have An- ganwadis. In Tehri Garhwal, average numbers of teachers at elementary to higher secondary grade is 3.31 while it is approximately 3.2 at the elementary level. Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) at the elementary level is 9 in Tehri Garhwal, while it is 14 across schools with elementary to higher secondary grades.

Government Schools– Elementary to Hr. Secondary Grade Government Schools– Elementary Grade Only

835 Number of school having AWC* 835 2130 Number of school 2069 Girls enrolment is 1.10 times higher than Girls enrolment is 1.10 times higher than 99737 Total enrolment (excluding AWC) 59729 boys enrolment boys enrolment 47499 Boys enrolment 28457 52238 Girls enrolment 31272

7041 Total teachers 6644

175 Contractual teachers 174 Male teachers recruitment is 1.84 times Male teacher recruitment is 1.89 times 4608 Male teachers 4304 more than female teachers more than female teachers 2433 Female teachers 2340 3.31 Average number of teachers per school 3.2 14 Pupil teacher ratio 9

* Anganwadi Centres Source: DISE, 2016-17

School Facilities As far as provision of infrastructure facilities are concerned, 2103 schools in the district have buildings . Out of the total, 1955 government schools have Library facilities . Out of the total, 2044 government schools have toilets for girls. Average Annual Dropout Rate

Drop-out rate in Govt. schools in Tehri Garhwal is 3.60 percent at the Primary level. However, it is seen to increase as one moves to higher grades. It is 8.09 per- cent at Secondary level, but drops in the Higher Secondary level. Boys tend to drop out slightly more than girls, and dropout rate increases as pupils move up the grade ladder. At the Secondary level, dropout rate among boys is 9.69 percent, while the same among girls is as high as 6.52 percent. Drop-out rate for boys is seen to be highest at the secondary level. - Higher Secondary Higher Secondary 3.68%

Average Dropout Rate is seen to steadily 6.52 % Secondary

Secondary 9.69 % increase for both boys and girls across - Upper Primary Upper Primary - higher grades.

3.70% Primary Primary 3.48 % Source: DISE, 2016-17 Note: Negative rate is not displayed which is because of inconsistent enrolment data. The tip of the arrow indicates to the higher value.

EDUCATIONAL STATUS — BLOCK Blocks Total number of No. of schools Percentage of schools having AWCs Schools with Anganwadi Centres (AWCs) AWCs

All Schools Among the 9 blocks of , Jakhnidhar has the highest num- Bhilangana 358 184 51.4 ber of all Govt. schools with Anganwadi centers with 52.5 percent. Devprayag Chamba 203 96 47.3 block has the lowest percentage of Govt. schools with Anganwadi centers with 18.9 percent. In total, 39.2 percent of Govt. schools have AWC in the dis- Devprayag 227 43 18.9 trict. Jakhnidhar 196 103 52.5 Jounpur 280 122 43.6 Keertinagar 190 71 37.4 Narendranagar 272 78 28.7 Pratapnagar 207 94 45.4 Thouldhar 197 44 22.3 All blocks 2130 835 39.2

Source: DISE, 2016-17 EDUCATIONAL STATUS — BLOCK

Blocks No. of Schools Enrolment Pupil Teacher Ratio Boys (%) Girls (%) Total Primary Only Primary with Upper Primary Total Bhilangana 358 47.85 52.15 20385 15 0 18 Chamba 203 48.95 51.05 8367 9 12 11 Devprayag 227 48.60 51.40 8014 9 0 11 Jakhnidhar 196 47.83 52.17 7641 11 0 13 Jounpur 280 45.97 54.03 14754 11 0 15 Keertinagar 190 48.74 51.26 7698 9 0 12 Narendranagar 272 48.45 51.55 13656 13 0 14 Pratapnagar 207 46.78 53.22 11650 16 0 19

Thouldhar 197 46.18 53.82 7572 11 0 12 12 12 14 All blocks 2130 47.62 52.38 99737

Source: DISE, 2016-17

Tehri Garhwal has 2130 Govt. schools. Bhilangana block has the highest number of Govt. schools (358) and Keertinagar has the lowest number of Govt. schools (190). Enrolment rate among girls remain constantly much higher than that of the boys across all blocks in Tehri Garhwal. In Tehri Garhwal, Govt. schools account for 47.62 percent of boys enrolment and 52.38 percent of girls enrolment. Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) at both primary and upper primary level remains below the RTE mandate of 30 and 35 respectively.

Blocks Teachers Contractual Teachers Average no. of teachers per school Male Female Total Male Female Total Primary Only Primary with Upper Primary Total Bhilangana 818 296 1114 25 10 35 1.9 0.0 3.1 Chamba 454 340 794 1 6 7 1.8 5.0 3.9

Devprayag 495 211 706 9 8 17 1.7 0.0 3.1 Jakhnidhar 370 208 578 8 6 14 1.6 0.0 2.9 Jounpur 569 394 963 12 9 21 2.1 0.0 3.4 Keertinagar 433 233 666 6 18 24 1.8 0.0 3.5 Narendranagar 636 369 1005 17 15 32 2.0 0.0 3.7 Pratapnagar 456 152 608 6 5 11 1.9 0.0 2.9 Thouldhar 377 230 607 6 8 14 1.7 0.0 3.1 All blocks 4608 2433 7041 90 85 175 1.9 2.5 3.3 Source: DISE, 2016-17

The proportion between male and female teachers is seen to vary heavily among the districts at Tehri Garhwal. The male-female imbalance in workforce is seen to be the highest in Pratapnager, and lowest in Chamba. Interestingly, the district of Tehri Garhwal has only 175 para teachers out of a total teaching ca- dre of 7041. Measuring the average number of teachers each school has, it is seen that at the primary level, Jakhnidhar only 1.6 average teachers per school, the lowest among all blocks. A typical school with all sections (Primary to Secondary) tend to have 3.3 teachers on an average. In Tehri Garhwal district, a total of 7041 teachers are employed in Govt. schools, out of which 4608 are male and 2433 are female. Thouldhar (607) employs the lowest number of teachers among all blocks, of which 230 are female teachers. Bhilangana block has the highest total of 1114 teachers, of which 818 are

males and 296 are females. Professional Qualification of Teachers

District Tehri Garhwal B.El.Ed. (1.79%) B.Ed. or equivalent (41.19 %) Others (22.33 %)

Thouldhar (5.11%) Bhilangana (6.91%) Devprayag (4.00%) Jounpur (1.00%) In terms of professional qualifications, only Teachers qualified with a B.El.Ed. 1.78 percent of teachers have a B.El.Ed. degree Chamba (2.00%) Degree in Tehri Garhwal Pratapnagar (0.8%) only in the district. Bhilangana has the highest proportion of teachers with B.El.Ed. degree Keertinagar (0.75%) Narendranagar (1.00%) (6.91 percent). Jakhnidhar (3.11%)

Keertinagar (63.00%) Another 41.19 percent have B.Ed. or Pratapnagar (69.00%) equivalent degrees as well in the dis- Bhilangana (63.91%) trict. Among the blocks, Pratapnagar Devprayag (59.63%) Teachers qualified with a B.Ed. or Jounpur (61.37%) has the highest number of teachers equivalent Degree in Tehri Thouldhar (56.00%) Garhwal with B. Ed. degree (69.00 percent) and Narendranagar (55.52%) the least is in Chamba (54.91 percent). Jakhnidhar (55.00%) Chamba (54.91%)

Chamba (39.92%)

Narendranagar (36.32%)

Jounpur (33.64%)

Jakhnidhar (35.47%)

Teachers qualified with any Devprayag (30.88%) Around 22.32 percent of the total teaching cadre hold degrees other than a B.Ed. or a other* degree in Tehri Garhwal Thouldhar (33.28%) B.El.Ed. Bhilangana (25.85%) Keertinagar (33.03%) Pratapnagar (25.16%)

Source: DISE, 2016-17 A moderate proportion of teachers are with no professional degree (2.74 percent). * other category includes teachers with professional degree equivalent to D. El.Ed, M. Ed or equivalent, Others, Diploma in Teacher Training and Diploma or Degree in Special Education.

This is a preliminary report published based on publicly available data. Some of the issues discussed in the report are compl ex in nature and need further investigation and analysis. This publication is freely available for sharing for non -commercial purposes, and without any change, subject to due credit to the publisher.