Vol 3 (Fall 2004)
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OPEN SPACE A PUBLICATION OF THE OPEN SPACE INSTITUTE VOL. 3 FALL 2004 THE Catskills CHALLENGES OF AN URBAN WATERSHED OPEN SPACE NEWS THE BOOKS WE LOVE CC ONTENTSONTENTS 3 LETTER FROM THE EDITORS 4 CROSSROADS: The Catskills Identity 10 VIEWPOINTS: The role of second homes and upscale development in the Catskills 12 MAIN STREET: Challenges of an Urban Watershed 14 ON THE TRAIL: New Jersey Highlands 16 OPEN SPACE NEWS 18 OSI ANNOUNCES CONSERVATION AWARD 19 RECOMMENDED READING MISSION OF THE OPEN SPACE INSTITUTE, INC. The Open Space Institute protects scenic, natural and historic landscapes to ensure public enjoyment, conserve habitats and sustain community character. OSI achieves its goals through land acquisition, conservation easements, special loan programs, and creative partnerships. BOARD OF TRUSTEES STAFF John H.Adams, Chairman Christopher (Kim) J. Elliman Paul Elconin Paul McRae Edward A. (Ned) Ames Chief Executive Officer Mid-Hudson Land Steward Junior Accountant Susan Babcock Joseph J. Martens Jeff France Jodie Mitchell Peter A. Bienstock President Receptionist; Office Manager Program Associate Gilman S. Burke Robert K.Anderberg Jennifer Grossman Monica Scrivner T. Jefferson Cunningham III Vice President and General Counsel Vice President for Land Acquisition Assistant to Comptroller J. Matthew Davidson Susan Barbarisi Peter Howell Gillian Weber Paul J. Elston Administrator; Vice President and GIS Specialist Samuel Huber Citizen Action Coordinator Director of Conservation Finance Abigail Weinberg Felix Kaufman Tally Blumberg Tildy La Farge Coordinator of W. Barnabas McHenry Development Director Communications Director; Conservation Finance Valerie Anne Mars Donald Cramer Managing Editor, OPEN SPACE Caroline Niemczyk Comptroller Daniel G. Luciano DESIGN Katherine O. Roberts Samayla D. Deutch Property Manager; Janice Pfeiffer Hume R. Steyer Counsel Assistant Vice President; Patricia F. Sullivan Assistant Counsel PRINTING Sheryl Tishman Maar Printing Service OPEN SPACE INSTITUTE 1350 Broadway, Room 201 (between 35th & 36th Streets), New York, NY 10018 Tel 212.629.3981 Fax 212.244.3441 Web www.osiny.org This publication is printed on chlorine free and acid free recycled paper with vegetable-based inks. 2 OPEN SPACE VOL. 3 FALL 2004 COVER PHOTO: Beaverkill by Enrico Ferorelli www.ferorelli.com FROM THE EDITORS ll across the country, urban areas are dependent upon rural watersheds for clean water. Now, these rural areas are experiencing unprecedented pressure from sprawling Adevelopment. Farms and forests are being converted to subdivisions for high-end residences, vacation homes, and luxury developments, threatening the purity of mountain rivers, streams and ponds that are essential to a healthy ©2004 JEAN MIELE Kim Elliman and Joe Martens. watershed. This publication pays tribute to these open spaces and sweeping landscapes both for their value as a water resource, and for their aesthetic inspiration, tranquility, Larry Rockefeller, the Open Space Institute pioneered its and relief from daily stress. first land protection program in the Catskills (see page 9), Beneath the crowded streets of New York City, an where we focused our efforts on the historic Beaverkill River. intricate waterworks delivers 1.2 billion gallons of clean, OSI has protected more than 6,000 acres there in the fresh water every day to more than nine million residents. vicinity of Beech Mountain, one of the highest peaks in That underground river comes from a watershed that the Catskills, most of which is now Forest Preserve. More encompasses almost 2,000 square miles, primarily in the recently, OSI worked with the City of New York and our Catskill Mountains. In Newark and northern New joint venture partner, the Trust for Public Land (TPL), to Jersey, 2 million residents tap water that flows from a help protect more watershed lands. watershed just south of the Catskills in the New York- In 1998, working with the states of New York and New Jersey Highlands. New Jersey, the Palisades Interstate Park Commission, and This year, New Yorkers are celebrating the 100th the federal government, OSI and TPL negotiated the anniversary of The Catskill Park (see CROSSROADS/page 4), acquisition of 17,000 acres in Sterling Forest on the NY-NJ created to save the forests as watershed for New York City. border, just 35 miles from Midtown Manhattan and a critical As OPEN SPACE was going to press in November, the component of New Jersey’s watershed. And, two years ago, House of Representatives passed a federal bill, approved we initiated the New Jersey Conservation Loan Fund for earlier by the Senate, earmarking $110 million for the land-saving efforts in the Highlands and other key natural Highlands region, which stretches across the four states of areas. Since its inception, the Fund has made six loans to Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York and Connecticut. help acquire 10,112 acres, valued at more than $25 million. We expect that legislation to go to President Bush before This year, we are highlighting the accomplishments of the end of the year. Meanwhile, the State of New Jersey one of the Garden State’s most formidable advocates for has passed landmark legislation limiting development on open space protection, Sam Lambert, by honoring him with 800,000 acres in the Highlands (see page 12). our 2004 Land Conservation Award (see article on page 18). OSI and many other conservation partners have a history We hope you enjoy this issue of OPEN SPACE. of land and watershed conservation. Thirty years ago, led by As always, we welcome your comments and correspondence. our chairman and founder, John Adams, and conservationist With best wishes for the holidays, Drop Us a Line Write to: Editor/OPEN SPACE Open Space Institute, Inc. 1350 Broadway, Suite 201 New York, NY 10018 Kim Elliman, Joe Martens, or email us at: [email protected] Chief Executive Officer President OPEN SPACE VOL. 3 FALL 2004 3 CROSSROADS THE CATSKILLS: ADefining Landscape,Undefined BY JUDITH LABELLE A FEW YEARS AGO, THE ITALIAN FORESTRY MINISTER WAS INVITED TO ADDRESS A MEETING OF LOCAL LEADERS IN A REGION SIMILAR TO THE CATSKILLS, WITH FOREST-COVERED MOUNTAINS SURROUNDING SMALL VALLEY COMMUNITIES.THE THERMAL SPA RESORTS THAT HAD BEEN THE REGION’S MAINSTAY HAD FALLEN OUT OF FAVOR AND THE LOCAL OFFICIALS WERE CLAMORING FOR DEVELOPMENT.THE MINISTER REMINDED THEM OF THE BIBLICAL INJUNCTION:“THE LAST SHALL BE FIRST.” He explained that while they saw themselves as behind other regions in the race to develop, they could move from being “last” into being “first” by learning from what had happened elsewhere. The same challenge and oppor- tunity confronts the Catskills. What could the Catskills learn from the experience of others? Many things. Change cannot be stopped; but it can be managed and shaped. There is strength in numbers; communities working together can be more effective than when they are isolated. A strong regional identity is key to being com- petitive in the new economy. “Regional identity” may sound soft and unimportant. But think L.ROBERT MAJOR about regions that have a strong Tuscany, like other European regions including the English Lakes District and Provence, benefits from a identity — the Napa Valley, Vermont strong, well-defined regional identity. (it is a small state), Tuscany, the English Lakes District, and Provence. that a high quality environment will But the Catskills have never had These distinctive places attract tourists produce a high quality product. a single, clear identity. The region willing to pay top dollar for merchan- These places attract entrepreneurs means many things to many people. dise and services because they trust and small businesses as well. The resorts of the Borscht Belt. 4 OPEN SPACE VOL. 3 FALL 2004 The Catskills, above, have never had a single, clear identity. CARL HEILMAN 11 OPEN SPACE VOL. 3 FALL 2004 5 CARL HEILMAN 11 Reservoirs in the Catskill watershed, pictured above, provide 90% of the drinking water consumed by 9 million New Yorkers. The “mountains.” The Catskill looks political.) The Forest Preserve taxes on Forest Preserve land was Park, defined by the “blue line” with- is within the Catskill Park, but recognized by the creation of a regional in which all State-owned land is composes only about 40% of it. agency that has land use authority part of the Forest Preserve and held More than half of the Catskill for projects of regional importance. as “forever wild.” The New York watershed is outside the Park. When something similar was proposed City watershed, which provides 90% Formal recognition of the for the Catskills, it was opposed and of the water for more than 9 million importance of the natural resources stopped. Land use authority in the New Yorkers. in the Catskills has traditionally come Catskills remains a matter of local These diverse meanings do not from outside. Leadership within the control, with no entity to provide an relate to the same geographic area. Catskills has been most effectively overarching vision for the region. The resort area was in Sullivan galvanized when trying to fend off or Similarly, when the City of County, south of the areas encom- shape these efforts. For example, the New York began to take steps to passed by the other definitions. Forest Preserve created by the State of protect water quality within the There are mountains outside the New York is located in only two areas watershed (to avoid a $6 billion water Park as well as inside. (When you — the Adirondacks and the Catskills. filtration plant), local leaders rallied look at a state map, the Adirondack In the Adirondacks, the investment to force an approach that respected Park makes sense geographically; the made by the People of the State of the needs for economic development blue line around the Catskill Park New York in acquiring and paying in their communities as well. HISTORICAL TIMELINE 1750: 1609: 1708: Agriculture, mainly livestock and 1800: 1807: Henry Hudson discovers the Johannes Hardenbergh and others dairy, becomes common as roads Business of leather tanning takes Robert Fulton launches era of 1816: Catskills and claims the territory purchase 1.5 million acres in move inland.