Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Chandrasekhara Rao et.al ISSN: 2321-5674(Print); 2320 – 3471(Online) Green and its goal Chandrasekhara Rao J1*, Sudha Rani K2 and Rose Mery T2 1Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College for Women, Guntur 2Department of Botany, Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada – 520008 *Corresponding author: E-Mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Nanotechnology revolutionize all sorts of sciences includes industry which includes electronics medicine and consumer products. It involves in controlling the all the dimensions of understanding manipulation and control .o encompasses science, engineering and technology and also involves manipulating, imaging, measuring and modeling at nanoscale. Enhancement of by green nanotechnology producing extremities. KEY WORDS: Nanotechnology, solar cells, Green nanotechnology 1. INTRODUCTION Green technology has two goals: Materials produced from nano are without harming the environment Nanotechnology is the art of an engineering and or health of humans and also providing solutions to science down to this hard to fathom scale. This problems in the environment. Green nanotechnology uses technology operates at the nanoscale, about one billionth existing principles of and green of a meter. engineering to make nano products without toxic Famous physicist Richard Feynman suggested ingredients.2 the idea in the year 1959 and he manipulate individual Making nonmaterial and products with less effect atoms and use them to build tiny machines. The term to the environment, green nanotechnology also means "nanotechnology" was not coined until the 1980s and with using nano to make current manufacturing processes for different and varied ideas. The new possibilities are open non-nano materials and products more environmental up because it works at extreme and unexplored scale. friendly. Nanoscale membranes can help separate desired Nanotechnology makes machines out of large, complex chemical reaction products from waste materials. molecules. All these different technologies are united Nanoscale can make chemical reactions more and they use nano-sized building blocks. While others efficient and less wasteful. at nano can form a part make machines out of bulk materials – microchips out of of process control system. Alternative energy systems, silicon, wires out of , cars out of steel. made possible by nanotechnology, is another way to As per the environmental concern nanotech "green" manufacturing processes.3 catalytic converters and water filters helps to remove The second goal of green nano involves the pollutants in fumes from exhaust and waste water developing products that benefit the environment directly treatment. This technology providing fresh solutions or indirectly. Nonmaterial directly can clean hazardous weather it is applied or basic nature. It may mentioned that sites, desalinate water, treat pollutants, or monitor nonmaterial is more efficient in wind turbines and solar environmental pollutants. The lightweight nano materials panels around the world. Coming to the other aspect of for automobiles and other means of transportation could these particles which are anthropogenic sources occurred save fuel and reduce materials: nano enabled fuel cells since ancient time’s helps in the development of industry and light emitting diodes could reduce pollution from in various aspects contribute significant levels of energy generation and help conserve fossil fuels: self- pollution have arisen in most major cities cleaning Nanoscale surface coatings could reduce or extending larger cities in the earth planet.1 eliminate many cleaning chemicals used in regular Green technology is environmental friendly and maintenance routines; and enhanced battery life could has been described as development of to lead to less material use and less waste. Green Nano takes reduce maximum potential environmental and human a broad systems view of nonmaterial and products, health risks concern with manufacture and use of products ensuring that unforeseen consequences are minimized and related to nano. Replacement of existing products with their impacts are anticipated throughout their full life new nano that are more efficient human friendly cycle.4 throughout their life cycle. Applications:

IJRPB 4(6) www.ijrpb.com November-December 2016 Page 261 Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Chandrasekhara Rao et.al ISSN: 2321-5674(Print); 2320 – 3471(Online) Solar cells: Research is going on to use nonmaterial for biological molecules and also interact with these. In living purposes including more efficient solar cells, practical organisms, they may easily move inside the body, reach fuel cells, and environmental friendly batteries. The most the blood and organs such as the liver or the heart, and nanotech projects related to energy are: storage, may also cross cell membranes. Insoluble nanoparticles conversion, manufacturing improvements by reducing are a greater health concern because they can persist in the materials and process rates, energy saving, and enhanced body for long periods of time. renewable energy sources. Solar cells are more efficient Inhaled nano materials can deposit in the lungs and then as they get tinier and is a . move to other organs like brain, the liver, and the spleen, The price per watt of solar energy is reduced sufficiently.5 and p ossibly the foetes in pregnant women. Some and water treatment: could become toxic if they are inhaled in the form of nano. Nanotechnology offers nonmaterial for the treatment of Inhaled nanoparticles may cause lung inflamation and , ground water, waste water, and other heart problems. environmental materials polluted by toxic , Nanoparticles used in drug carriers is to deliver the drug organic and inorganic solutes, and . Due to the target cells, to reduce the effects of the drug itself to their unique activity, some potential applications on other organs. However, it is difficult to distinguish the include: toxicity of the drug from that of the . With the  To maintain public health, pathogens in water exception of airborne particles reaching the lungs, has less need to be identify easil, rapidly and reliably. The information on their behavior in the body is still minimal. traditional laboratory culture tests take days to Assessment of the health implications of nanoparticles complete. Faster methods by using enzymes, should take into account the fact that age, respiratory tract immunological or genetic tests are under problems, and the presence of other pollutants can modify development. some of the health effects. Information on the effects of  Nano fibers and nano biocides are used in water nanoparticles on the environment is very minimal. filtration may be improved in larger way which However, it is likely that many conclusions drawn from appear promisingly effective. human studies can be extrapolated to other species, but  Work is in progress to develop enzyme further research is needed. treatments that may be able to break down such 2. CONCLUSION bio films which involves more man power and chemicals and difficulty to treat microbes which The goal towards is not always a positive and involves mechanical nature. negative aspects are to be tackled in such a way for effective use of green nanotechnology materials. The Environmental remediation: Nanoremediation is the barriers are more challenging. Hindrance to the use of naoparticles for environmental remediation. Development and Commercialization of Green Nanoremediation has been most widely used for Nanotechnology treatment, with additional extensive research in waste water treatment. Nanoremediation has also been a. There are no elaborate design guidelines for researchers tested for soil and sediment cleanup. Even more in initial discovery phases of green nano. preliminary research is exploring the use of nanoparticles b. Many green require new commercial to remove toxic materials from gases.6 production techniques, which increases the need for basic Water filtration: is a relatively recent research, engineering research, and coordination of the membrane filtration process used in water such as surface two between the industrial and research communities; water and fresh groundwater, with the purpose of c. The lack of an “in depth” of scientists and engineers softening and removal of disinfection by-product with experience to develop Green nanotechnology; precursors such as natural organic matter and synthetic organic matter. Some water-treatment plants d. Toxicology and analysis protocols need to be incorporating nanotechnology are made available in the developed and constantly updated to advances in the market, with more in efficient. Low-cost nano separation science; membranes methods have been shown to be effective in e. Regulatory uncertainty persists, and green potable water conversion. often face higher regulatory barriers Potential harmful effects of nanoparticles? than existing or conventional chemicals; Nanoparticles which have the same dimensions as some

IJRPB 4(6) www.ijrpb.com November-December 2016 Page 262 Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Chandrasekhara Rao et.al ISSN: 2321-5674(Print); 2320 – 3471(Online) f. The market demand is unclear in this aspect, especially 5. Sweeney SF, Woehrle GH, Hutchison JE, Rapid since there are only a Limited number of commercial Purification and Size Separation of Gold Nanoparticles grade products that can be compared to conventional via Diafiltration, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 2006, 3190- materials. 3197. Although the existing methods are appropriate to assess 6. Kovochich M, Espinasse B, Auffan M, Hotze EM, many of the hazards associated with the products and Wessel L, Xia T, Comparative toxicity of C60 aggregates processes involving nanoparticles, they may not be toward mammalian cells: role of tetrahydrofuran (THF) sufficient to meet lapses. The existing methods used for decomposition, Environmental Science & Technology, environmental exposure assessment are not appropriate. 43, 2009, 6378-6384. Therefore, the current risk assessment procedures need to 7. Fagerberg J, Innovation: A Guide to the Literature, in: be modified for nano materials. J. Fagerberg, D.C. Mowery, R.R. Nelson (Eds.), The Existing methodologies need to be modified or new ones Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford University developed to be able to determine the physical and Press, Oxford, UK, 2006, 1-27. chemical properties of nano materials, measure exposure 8. Satterfield MB, Kolb CE, Peoples R, Adams GL, to them, assess their potential hazard, and detect their Schuster DS, Ramsey HC, Overcoming Nontechnical movement inside living systems, be it in human tissues or Barriers to the Implementation of Sustainable Solutions in the environment. In general, and in spite of a rapidly in Industry, Environ. Sci. Technol, 43, 2009, 4221-4226. increasing number of scientific publications dealing with nano and nanotechnology, there is insufficient knowledge 9. Tushman ML, Anderson P, Technological and data concerning the nanoparticles, their detection and Discontinuities and Organizational Environments, their behavior in living systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 1986, 439-465. WORKS CITED 10. Edquist C, Systems of Innovation: Perspectives and Challenges, in: J.Fagerberg, R.R. Nelson, D.C. Mowery 1. McKenzie LC, Hutchison JE, Green nanoscience: An (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford integrated approach to greener products, processes, and University Press, Oxford, UK, 2005, 181-208. applications, Chemistry Today, 2004, 25. 11. Dahlman CJ, Ross-Larson B, Westphal LE, Managing 2. Dahl JA, Maddux BLS, Hutchison JE, Towards greener Technological Development: Lessons from Newly nanosynthesis, Chemical Reviews, 107, 2007, 2228-2269. Industrialized Countries, World Development, 15, 1987, 3. Hutchison JE, Greener nanoscience: a proactive 759-775.32 approach to advancing applications and reducing 12. Archibugi, Pietrobelli C, Green Nanotechnology implications of nanotechnology, ACS Nano, 2, 2008, Challenges And Opportunities The globalization of 395-402. technology and its implications for developing countries: 4. Richman EK, Hutchison JE, The Nanomaterial Windows of opportunity or further burden? technological Characterization Bottleneck, ACS Nano, 3, 2009, 2441- Forecasting & Social Change, 70, 2003, 861-883. 2446.

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