Student Study Outline Chapter 34:

I. Chapter 34: Ludwig van Beethoven a. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) i. Broke away from high Classical style of Haydn and Mozart ii. Defined a new heroic style influencing nearly every major composer who followed him 1. set models for the genres iii. Three Stylistic Periods 1. Early period: up to 1802 2. Middle period: 1803–1814 3. Late period: 1815–1827 b. Beethoven’s Early Period i. Born in Bonn ii. 1792– moved to Vienna 1. Studied composition with Haydn 2. Began to compose large works using Classical genres– piano sonatas, piano concertos, string quartets, first c. Making Connections: Beethoven and Haydn i. Most of Beethoven’s relationships became strained ii. Beethoven studied counterpoint for about a year with Haydn d. Beethoven, Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27 No 2. (Moonlight), First movement (Adagio sostenuto) (1801) Listening Map 33 i. Moonlight Sonata– one of the best-known works from his early period ii. Anticipated music of his middle period iii. Three movements 1. Very slow and sustained (Adagio sostenuto) e. Beethoven’s Middle Period i. Began experimenting freely– found his own voice ii. Late 20s– began losing his hearing iii. Compositions a. Eroica (Heroic) Symphony No. 3 b. Fifth Symphony c. Pastoral Symphony (No. 6) 2. Innovations: a. Expanding movements to length beyond those of Haydn and Mozart’s symphonies b. Building up orchestra by adding woodwind and brass instruments c. Designing symphonies to express a story/message beyond the music d. Linking certain movements– performed without the traditional break between them 3. Symphony No. 3– experiments with innovations 4. Making Connections: Napoleon as Romantic Figure a. Napoleon (1769–1821) i. Rise from obscurity to major world leader 5. Eroica Symphony a. Marked by nearly constant conflict and contrast iv. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony in C minor 1. Similar in mood to Eroica– musical struggle that resolves in a victorious finale 2. First theme constructed from a four-note motive a. Motive 3. Making Connections: Finding Meaning in Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony a. Idea of “Fate knocking at the door”- enduring legend b. Did the composer originate the legend himself? 4. Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C minor, First Movement (Allegro con Brio) (1808) Listening Map 34 a. 5. Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Second Movement (Andante con moto) (1808) Listening Map 35 a. Fanfare 6. Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Third Movement (Allegro) (1808) Listening Map 36 a. Scherzo (A) with trio (B) b. Trio i. Fugato 7. Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Third Movement (Allegro) (1808) Listening Map 37 a. Orchestra expanded b. Sonata form f. Beethoven’s Late Period i. Almost completely deaf ii. First few years of late period unproductive iii. 1823–1824– finished two major works 1. Missa Solemnis (1823) 2. Ninth Symphony (1824) 3. Six string quartets g. Beethoven’s Death and Funeral i. Reported to have said in Latin, “applaud, friends, the comedy is finished” before dying in the midst of a raging thunderstorm h. Making Connections: Eulogizing Beethoven i. Beethoven’s Legacy