Vietnam Attack Proves Johnson As Trigger-Happy as Goldwater

tion as the solution of the problem of Vietnam, apparently ignoring Gulf of Tonkin Raid how the UN abetted the dismem­ berment of the Congo and the THE murder of Lumumba. Shows Urgent Need But the Johnson administration seems to see more massive in te r­ vention as the only way to keep For Socialist Vote their precarious foothold in Viet­ By George Saunders nam at the present time. The Khanh dictatorship, shaky, threat- The U. S. bombing of North MILITANT ened with coups, enjoying no pop­ Vietnam — a shameless, savage ular support, is i ncreasingly un­ Published in the Interests of the Working People and dangerously provocative act able to hold off the peasant guer­ of war — hits squarely at the no­ rillas. Vol. 28 - No. 30 Monday, August 24, 1964 P ric e 10c tion that Johnson offers a pro­ In fact, the Tonkin Gulf events gressive alternative to Goldwater proved a life-saver for Khanh. Re­ on the vital issue of war and porters on the scene are generally peace. agreed that the crisis gave him a N. Y. Officials in New Attack The Gulf of Tonkin episode new lease on life (even though, proved in a spine-chilling way perhaps, temporary) since his that Johnson is every bit as ready military and political rivals were as Goldwater to risk war in de­ on the verge of staging a coup On Civil Liberties of Negroes fense of capitalism. In his televi­ against him. sion speech announcing his deci­ Khanh seized on the crisis as NEW YORK — The indictment sion to bomb North Vietnam he the pretext to impose even harsher of William Epton, Harlem spokes­ Red-Baiters Attack declared: “Firmness in the right police powers in Saigon and those man for the Progressive Labor is indispensable fo r peace.” other remaining areas of the coun­ Movement, on trumped-up charges It sounded like a grotesque try that he still controls. It is re­ of “criminal anarchy,” was de­ Mobilization for Youth parody of Goldwater’s notorious Johnson ported that these new restrictions nounced by Clifton DeBerry, So­ NEW YORK — The red­ maxim: “Extremism in defense of were planned for some time and cialist Workers Party candidate baiting probe by the local liberty is no vice.” (Immediately he was just waiting for a good for President, as “part of a con­ and federal government of after the bombing, one member the U.S. bombers pounded the moment to impose them. North Vietnam ports. certed drive by the New York the Mobilization for Youth is of the Republican high command Meanwhile, reports persist that City cops to establish a police the first fruit of the “loyal­ chortled: “Who’s the extremist Not only that, the Seventh Fleet the immediate cause of the crisis state in Harlem.” ty” oath provision of John­ now?” ) has apparently been alerted to was a raid by South Vietnamese DeBerry cited as part of this The common willingness of the possible actions against China same drive the injunction ob­ son’s “an ti-po verty” bill. along the same lines as those The charges of “Commu­ two major party aspirants to com­ tained by city officials Aug. 7 mit naked aggression at the risk against North Vietnam. Capt. nist infiltration” against the Senator Morse lifts the lid barring demonstrations or open-air of world holocaust was made clear James Daniels, chief of staff of on some of the facts about meetings in central Harlem by social welfare organization is by Goldwater’s swift endorsement the carrier task force that took rent strike leader Jesse G ray and doubtless motivated in large part in the air raids, told news­ the U.S. attack on North Viet­ of Johnson’s action — his later ef­ nam. See excerpts from Ms the Harlem rent strike organiza­ measure by the belief that it forts to modify his stand for cam­ men Aug. 10 that local command­ tion, the Community Council on had aided the East Side rent paign purposes notwithstanding. ers of the Seventh Fleet had been Senate speeches, page 5. Housing. The injunction also strike movement. This bi-partisan action has again authorized to take action “without names the Harlem Defense Coun­ escalated the U.S. war in Vietnam consulting Washington” if they cil, which Epton heads, and the to a new stage. Previously, the thought they were attacked by ships on North Vietnam. Morse Progressive Labor Movement and which he is a candidate. “White Pentagon maintained the fiction of North Vietnamese. revealed, as have many news its leader, Milton Rosen. racists like Wallace,” said Boutel­ only “advising” the South Viet­ “The pattern is established,” stories, that South Vietnamese “The fact that the cops are le, “phoney liberals like Rocke­ namese military governments. said Daniels — meaning that the boats, powered and equipped with putting themselves in the role of feller, members of the John Birch Now Johnson drops the pretense same kind of action would be U.S. war material, had shelled censors of free speech in Harlem," Society and many others are free and strikes directly with U.S. readily repeated. The only differ­ two North Vietnamese islands a said DeBerry, “was clearly re­ to speak throughout the country. military units. This naked, ar­ ence, he indicated, if Chinese units few miles off the coast the day vealed Aug. 8 when Paul Boutelle, But a black man-born and raised rogant commitment of American were thought to be involved, before the first attack on the the Freedom Now Party candidate in Harlem and the choice of a forces establishes the precedent would be that “Washington would Maddox. for State Senator from Harlem, black-led and controlled political for further direct intervention, in­ probably decide whether to reta­ Top U.S. officials have admitted was pulled from a speakers stand party cannot speak to his people.” cluding taking over command of liate against Chinese bases,” not that such raids by Khanh’s forces in Harlem Square and arrested. Meanwhile, Richard Garza, So­ the fighting in South Vietnam and just local commanders. could have occurred. But they The cops who committed this rape deny the reports, like the one in cialist Workers Party candidate sending U.S. ground forces into Joint Resolution of political- rights, used the ridi­ for U.S. Senator from New York, that civil war. the Aug. 4 New York Times, that One of the most ominous fruits culous legal pretext that the ban appealed to “ all supporters of civil Johnson has also moved closer U.S. destroyers “have sometimes also applies to Boutelle because liberties” to “rally to the defense to a direct conflict with China. of the crisis was the joint resolu­ collaborated with South Viet­ tion that Johnson rammed the chairman of the New York of Epton against this infamous The deadly risk of such a con­ namese hit-and-run raids on North through Congress while tensions Freedom Now Party, civil liberties (Continued on Page 4) flict was all too apparent when Vietnamese port cities, though the attorney Conrad Lynn, is a law­ were still high. destroyers themselves stay in in­ yer for Epton and the Harlem De­ The key sections of that resolu­ ternational waters.” fense Council.” tion give Johnson a free hand to Morse charged in his Senate DeBerry made the statement at repeat the kind of aggression com­ speech Aug. 6 that the destroyer a Socialist Workers Party street Boston Negro Candidate Hits mitted already and to take the Maddox was quite close to the comer election meeting in down­ country all the way into war (“ all islands of Hon Me and Hon Ngu town Manhattan. Paul Boutelle, a necessary steps, including the use at the time they were shelled. And guest speaker at the same meeting, U.S. Provocation in Vietnam of armed force”) if Gen. Khanh he stated categorically that U.S. said that the American Civil Lib­ or another one of our dictator- officials in Saigon and the Pen­ erties Union was supporting him BOSTON — Noel Day, inde­ the House John W. McCormack, stooges in Southeast Asia should tagon “knew the bombardment in a legal challenge to the ban on pendent candidate for Congress in is co-chairman of the Massachu­ request “ assistance in defense of was going to take place before his speaking jn the district in the Ninth District here, has called setts Freedom Movement which its freedom.” the ships ever moved up there.” for withdrawal of the U.S. Sev­ sponsored the Boston school boy­ The adoption of this resolution Even more serious doubts and enth Fleet from the Gulf of Ton­ cott some months ago. In his state­ makes clear that neither party in questions are provoked by the sec­ kin. Announcing that he had sent ment on Vietnam he declared his the Congress wants to or can slow ond alleged attack, said to have Harlem Protest Rally a telegram to Senator Wayne belief that a stable peace is nec­ down the war drive. This was taken place on the night of Aug. Morse congratulating him on his essary to satisfy the needs of mil- made excruciatingly clear by the 4. The official version is that an To Hear DeBerry opposition to U.S. actions in (Continued on Page 2) bipartisan unanimous vote in the (Continued on Page 5) Southeast Asia, Day declared House and the two lone votes of NEW YORK — The So­ Aug. 8 that “Men of conscience, opposition in the Senate — those cialist Workers Campaign men of courage, men of peace, of Wayne Morse (D.-Ore.) and Committee announced that must firm ly oppose the continued Ernest Gruening (D.-Alaska.) The Clifton DeBerry, first Negro presence of the Seventh Fleet in two exceptions only underscore candidate for president, will the Gulf of Tonkin.” the rule that both parties stand speak at a Harlem open air “Although the Gulf of Tonkin fo r w ar. is technically in international Morse in his Aug. 5 Senate rally that will protest the waters, it is surrounded on all speech opposing the resolution, ban on meetings and dem­ sides by socialist nations,” the which he correctly branded a onstrations by various indi­ civil rights spokesman declared, “predated declaration of war,” re­ viduals and organizations. “and the presence of the Seventh vealed many unsavory facts about The meeting will be held Fleet is a clear provocation. Im­ the U.S. role in Vietnam. at 125th St. and 7th Ave. on agine how we would react if a The truth of his criticisms is at­ Saturday, Aug. 29, from 2 to Chinese destroyer or a Russian tested to by the way the entire big- 6 p.m. The meeting will also aircraft carrier cruised into the business press carefully refrained hear Richard Garza, SWP international waters of the Gulf of from reporting more than a few Mexico. bare sentences fro m his speeches. candidate for U.S. Senator “Let us hope,” Day continued, It is unfortunate that Morse and from New York; Lawrence “that future U.S. policies w ill be Gruening fail to carry through on Stewart, SWP candidate for more consistent with President their criticism by presenting a U.S. Senator from New Jer­ Johnson’s stated desire fo r peace. meaningful alternative. Morse, for sey; Peter Camejo of the And let us hope that Johnson w ill example, repeats the tired cliches Youth Committee for De­ begin to offer us a choice in inter­ about the “Communist menace” Berry and Shaw; and guest national relations and not just an and in the face of his own facts speakers not associated with echo of the fanatic right.” seeks to place “ equal blame” on North Vietnam for the situation in the sponsoring committee. Day, who is challenging the Democratic incumbent, Speaker of Noel D ay that area. He sees UN interven­ G oldw ater P age T w o THE MILITANT Monday, August 24, 1964 Malcolm X in Cairo Urges MINE-MILL UNION Harlem and American History African Aid to U. S. Negroes WINS SETTLEMENT [On July 17, Malcolm X, m ili­ AT KENNECOTT tant U.S. black nationalist leader, DENVER — Members of eight lo­ addressed the conference of the cals of the International Union of Organization of African Unity, Mine, M ill and Smelter Workers, under whose auspices 33 heads of which represents about half of the Independent African states met in 10,000 employees of the Kennecott Cairo, United Arab Republic. He Copper Corporation, ratified a urged the African nations to take new three-year contract agree­ the plight of black Americans to ment, Aug, 14. the UN. The following are ex­ Mine-Mill has been on strike cerpts from his speech to the con­ against Kennecott, the producer of ference.] about a third of this country’s We, in America, are your long copper, since July 9. lost brothers and sisters, and I am The union said the agreement here only to remind you that our provides an average wage in­ problems are your problems. As crease of 21.3 cents per hour over the African-Americans “awaken” the three-year period. today, we find ourselves in a A major cause of the five-week strange land that has rejected us, strike, union officials said, was and, like the prodigal son, we are the need to achieve job and in­ turning to our elder brothers for come protection for the workers, help. We pray our pleas w ill not in the light of the company’s plans for increased production fa ll upon deaf ears. We were taken forcibly in with fewer workers. chains from this mother continent In this area, the union won a and have now spent over 300 package along the lines of the re­ cent pattern-setting settlement years in America, suffering the M a lc o lm X most inhuman forms of physical with the American Smelting and and psychological tortures imagin­ R efining Company. The plan sets up a fund for each employee equal able. when you visit America, you may During the past ten years the be mistaken for one of us and to $80 times the number of years entire world has witnessed our suffer the same psychological and of service. It can be drawn in $25 men, women and children being physical mutilation that is an ev­ per week installments in the event attacked and bitten by vicious po­ eryday occurrence in our lives. of layoff, and, if not used for that lice dogs, brutally beaten by po­ Your problems will never be purpose, goes to the worker in a lump sum upon retirement. lice clubs, and washed down the fully solved until and unless ours sewers by high-pressure water are solved. You will never be In addition, unused sick leave fully respected until and unless will now be vested and can be hoses that would rip the clothes Frederick Douglass from our bodies and the flesh we are also respected. You w ill taken upon termination for any reason or retirement. Again, in He survived by fighting back. from our limbs. never be recognized as free hu­ And, all of these inhuman atroc­ man beings until and unless we the event of death, the amount goes to the worker’s beneficiary. ities have been inflicted upon us are also recognized and treated By W illiam F. Warde by the American governmental as human beings. The plan provides for unlimited authorities, the police, themselves, If South Africa is guilty of accumulation of paid sick leave at “I can’t understand,” said this “ Today,” I continue, “ in the eyes for no reason than that we seek violating the human rights of A f­ the rate of five days per year. friend of mine who happens to of the black ghetto-dwellers the the recognition and respect grant­ ricans here on the mother conti­ Previously, the sick leave could teach history in the schools and is police appear no better than cor­ ed other human beings in Amer­ nent, then America is guilty of be used only for that purpose and a paid-up member of the NAACP, rupt professional slavebreakers worse violations of the 22 mil­ could be accumulated only to 30 “why the colored people of Harlem, assigned to harass and crush the ica. . . days. Our problem is your problem. lion Africans on the American Rochester and Jersey City had to dignity of colored citizens in order No matter how much independ­ continent. And, if South African Kennecott also agreed to guar­ go in for break-ins, bottle-throw­ to safeguard foul and intolerable ing and roughing up policemen. ence Africans get here on the racism is not a domestic issue, antee all permanent employees injustices. Goaded beyond en­ mother continent, unless you wear then American racism also is not (those with 90 or more days of Aren’t they hurting themselves durance the authentic descendents your national dress at all times a domestic issue. service) against layoff because of more than they’re helping their of Frederick Douglass had no al­ Many of you have been led to automation, technological change, own cause?” ternative but to hit back at their believe that the much publicized, or new work methods during the Since he was more puzzled and tormentors in self-protection and recently passed Civil Rights Bill life of the contract. upset than horrified, I tried to ex­ in return for all the brutalities is a sign that America is making a A new health and welfare pro­ plain the meaning and motivation and humiliations they’ve suffered Weekly Calendar sincere effort to correct the in­ gram was negotiated, which union of the Harlem events in terms he at their hands. They, too, are de­ justices we have suffered there. officials said includes substantial could understand. termined to be free . . .” This propaganda manuever is part improvements in the hospital and “Listen,” I said, “you know and “But,” argued my friend, “do CHICAGO of her deceit and trickery to keep medical coverage. A ll employee admire Frederick Douglass, the you think their actions w ill elim­ Farrell Dobbs, Nat'l Sec'y Socialist the African Nations from con­ contributions to the hospital and greatest of the black Abolitionists, inate all that?” Workers Party and leader of 1934 Min­ demning her racist practices be­ medical, weekly sickness and ac­ neapolis Teamster Strike will give four who was born a Southern slave. fore the United Nations, as you cident, and life insurance pro­ He set about to resist that institu­ Slaveholders Arrogant lectures on The Role of the Revolution­ grams were eliminated. ary Party in the Minneapolis Strikes. are now doing as regards the same tion early in life. When he began “No more than Douglass’ lesson Aug. 25-28, 7:30 p.m. Young Socialist practices of South Africa. to teach a Sunday school class fo r to Covey got rid of the slave sys­ Summer School, 302 South Canal, Room High Court Decision colored children on his plantation, tem. The slaveholders, you re­ 204. The United States Supreme his Maryland master decided to member, were too arrogant and • Court passed a law ten years ago Noel Day crush his rebel spirit once for all blind to mend their ways in time DENVER making America’s segregated (Continued from Page 1) by hiring him out to a professional and ultimately had to be thrashed Debate: "How to Stop Goldwaterism school system illegal. But the Fed­ lions of Americans for-more jobs, slave-breaker named Edward in a C iv il W ar.” — Socialist DeBerry or Democrat John­ eral Government has yet to en­ higher income, decent housing, Covey. “What do you mean by that?” son." Hear Allen Taplin, SWP candidate force this law even in the North. quality education, and adequate “Here’s how his biographer he exclaimed with alarm. for Congress. Fri„ Aug. 28, 8 p.m. If the Federal Government can­ medical care. Woodmen Hall, 2100 Downing. Philip Foner tells the rest of the “Only that the present masters not enforce the law of the high­ • story. ‘From January to August, of this country had better hurry est court in the land, when it BOSTON — Noel Day, inde­ 1834, the young slave was over­ and give full equality, economic DETROIT comes to nothing but equal rights pendent candidate for Congress, worked, flogged daily, and was security and liberty to twenty CLIFTON DeBERRY, Presidential to education for Afro-Americans, scored Speaker of the House Mc­ Candidate of the Socialist Workers Par­ almost starved to death. After six million Negroes — or they’ll pro­ how can anyone be so naive as to Cormack for his failure to chal­ months of such treatment, he was ceed to take it. The powers-that- ty, speaks on THE REAL ISSUES IN THE think all the additional laws 1964 ELECTION. Fri., August 28, 8:00 lenge two clauses of the “war-on- indeed ‘broken in body, soul and be can read their future, if they p.m. Debs Hall, 3737 Woodward. Ausp. brought into being by the Civil poverty” b ill. One, a “ states spirit.’ There seemed nothing left wish, in the history books you Friday Night Socialist Forum. Rights B ill w ill be enforced? . . . rights’’ clause, was attacked by but either to kill Covey and then use in yo u r classes.” * * * Out of frustration and hopeless­ Day because, he said, “it would commit suicide or to fight back. “Thanks,” he murmured some­ ness o u r young people have HEAR SOCIALIST VIEWS O N RA­ allow racist governors, North and Steeled by desperation and a com­ what sarcastically, “for trying to reached the point of no return. DIO. Every Monday, 7:15-7:30 p.m. Sta­ South, to veto the bill in their bination of hope and fear, the teach me some American history.” tion WQRS-FM (105.1). We no longer endorse patience and states and withhold aid from youth found the courage to turn “Don’t thank me,” I concluded. • tum ing-the-other-cheek. We as­ poverty-stricken Negroes” who are on his tormentor one day and sert the right of self-defense by a majority of the Southern poor. “Thank the new breed of aboli­ LOS ANGELES soundly thrashed the Negro- tionists in Harlem and Rochester Theodore Edwards presents a Marxist whatever means necessary, and Day also rapped McCormack for breaker. The result was that Co­ reserve the right of maximum re­ going along with the “loyalty” — which, by the way, was Fre­ view of the news in his bi-weekly radio vey abandoned the whip and derick Douglass’ home for most of commentary. Sept. I, 6:45 p.m. (Repeat­ taliation against our racist op­ clause which was added to the ignored Douglass for the four re­ his life as an agitator. Although ed Sept. 2, 9 a.m.), KPFK-FM (90.7 pressors, no matter what the odds measure. Requiring that .benefi­ maining months of hire.” on your dial). against us are . . . ciaries sign “a loyalty oath is a they may not be aware of it, • In the interests of world peace demeaning remnant of McCarthy­ Turning Point these freedom-fighters are show­ ing the rest of us that the spirit NEW YORK and security, we beseech the heads ism,” he said. ''The Speaker of This is what Douglass later of the Boston Tea Party and John THE DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLI­ of the independent African states the House should never have let wrote about this episode in his CAN CONVENTION: A COMPARI- Brown has not been embalmed in to recommend an immediate in­ these be included in the bill, let autobiography: “This battle with SON. Speaker, Fred Halstead, Staff writ­ vestigation into our problem by alone go unchallenged.” the archives but has again become er for The Militant. Fri., Aug. 28, 8:30 Mr. Covey was the turning point a living force in 'American life.” the United Nations Commission on However, Day did commend the in my career. I was a changed p.m. 116 University PI. Contrib. $1. Human Rights . . . Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. bill as a ‘long overdue start in being after that fight. I was no­ “No one knows the master bet­ solving the urgent problems of thing before, I was a man now . .. FRIDAY, SEPT. 4 — Symposium on ter than his servant” We have 36 million poverty-stricken Amer­ with a renewed determination to How Cuba Uprooted WHICH ROAD TO SOCIAL PROG­ been servants in America for over icans.” be a free man . . . The gratifica­ RESS IN THE '64 ELECTIONS? Panel­ 300 years. We have a thorough, in ­ The Ninth Congressional Dis­ tion afforded by the triumph was ists: Henry Abrams; David McReynolds, Race Discrimination side knowledge of this man who trict, in which Day is opposing a full compensation for whatever field sec. W ar Resisters League; Harry calls himself “Uncle Sam.” There­ McCormack, is one of the poorest By Harry Ring Purvis, 1962 independent candidate for else might follow, even death it­ fore, you must heed our warning: areas in the state, w ith the second self . . . I now resolved that, how­ 16 pages 15 cents Congress in Nassau County: Edward Don’t escape from European col­ Shaw, Socialist Workers Party candidate lowest median income, 29 per cent ever long I might remain a slave onialism only to become even of the dwelling units substandard, Pioneer Publishers for Vice-President. 116 University PI. in form, the day had passed for­ 116 University Place Contrib. $1. Ausp. Militant Labor For­ more enslaved by deceitful, and more unemployed than any ever when I could be a slave In um. “friendly” American dollarism. other district in Massachusetts. fact . . .” New York 8, N. Y. M onday, August 24, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Three Edward Shaw to Debate Views N.Y. Anti-War Protestors At N. Y. Election Symposium Clubbed and Jailed by Cops NEW YORK — Edward Shaw, the subject “ Which Road to Social vice presidential candidate of the Progress in the ’64 Elections?” By Alex Hatte Other panelists include David Mc- Socialist Workers Party, w ill par­ NEW YORK — Forty-seven Kennedy’s resumption of nuclear Reynolds, Harry Purvis and Hen­ ticipate in a symposium here on demonstrators protesting U.S. in­ testing over tw o years ago. ry Abrams. tervention in Vietnam were ar­ The demonstration was called The panel w ill discuss Goldwa- rested on August 15 as they at- by two groups, the “May 2 Com­ terism, the question of support to tempted to march into Times mittee” and “Youth Against War the Democrats, the “lesser evil” Square in defiance of a police ban and Fascism.” The marchers, who theory End independent socialist on demonstrations there. Many numbered some 200, assembled a political action. were beaten by cops. Most were few blocks north of Times Square. David McReynolds, well known charged with disorderly conduct, Police forced them to march east pacifist, is secretary of the War although four face more serious toward the relatively deserted Resisters League. charges — tw o of felonious as­ UN area where they were told Harry Purvis is a maverick Re­ sault, one of inciting to riot, and they could demonstrate. Police publican and member of the Na­ one w ith carrying a concealed used clubs and finally horses to tional Association of Manufactur­ weapon. Twenty-two were re­ prevent the demonstrators from ers who ran as an independent leased on $50 or in the custody turning south into Times Square. peace candidate for Congress in of their lawyers. Fracases with the cops erupted the Nassau County area in 1962. along the line of march to the UN. Henry Abram was a leader, of Police have arbitrarily banned The previous week 17 people the American Labor Party of demonstrations in Times Square were arrested for attempting to New York. HE NEEDS YOUR HELP. Dr. ever since they broke up a meet­ demonstrate in Times Square The meeting w ill be held on Fri­ Neville Alexander, German- ing there protesting President under the auspices of the same day evening, Sept. 4, at 116 Uni­ educated South African free­ groups. The American Civil Lib-- versity Place under the auspices dom fighter, is serving a 10- erties Union will make a legal of the Militant Labor Forum. year sentence, along with ten challenge of the ban. The meeting w ill begin at 8:30 Students Who others, on trumped-up charges “We were shocked to find that p.m. and time w ill be allotted for of sabotage. Fellow students of the ban is still in effect,” the questions and discussion from the Alexander’s in West Germany ACLU said. “We were sure that Edward Shaw audience. Defied U.S. Ban who organized an international it had been lifted a long time campaign in his behalf have ago.” issued an urgent appeal for Back from Cuba The constitutionality of the ban funds to appeal the verdict. By Barry Sheppard w ill be tested when the firs t cases come to court on September 25. NEW YORK — Eighty-four Radio Audience Queries DeBerry They report that because of Emanuel Redfield, counsel for the students who travelled to Cuba in glaring irregularities in the trial New York Civil Liberties Union, defiance of the State Department’s By Ralph Levitt and because of a favorable rul­ w ill represent the defendants. ing in a similar appeal there is unconstitutional travel ban re­ HARRISBURG, Pa. — Clifton units be built on a nation-wide turned home Aug. 14. They were a realistic chance of getting the DeBerry, Socialist Workers Party basis.” He added, “The Socialist handed letters by State Dept, of­ presidential candidate, was plied Workers Party platform calls for the sentence reduced or even ficials which stated that their pass­ Bronx CORE Leader with telephone queries when he diverting the huge sums spent on reversed. Contributions sent ports were “tentatively with­ spoke to the citizens and voters of war-preparation into the area of care of The Militant, 116 Uni­ draw n.” Asks Damages of City the Harrisburg-York-Hershey area alleviating slum conditions and versity Pl., New York, will be Soon after their arrival at Ken­ NEW YORK — Herbert Cal­ A ug. 10 through W KBO Radio’s poverty.” nedy International Airport three forwarded to the defense com­ lender, president of the Bronx “ Voice of the People” program. Listener interest was high of the travelers were handed sub­ m ittee. chapter of the Congress of Racial Following his opening remarks, around DeBerry’s analysis of the poenas summoning them to appear Equality, filed a claim Aug. 4 for in which he scored the Republi­ recently-passed civil rights law. before the witchhunting House $1 million against the city of New cans and Democrats for their fail­ He pointed out that it “will do Un-American Activities Commit­ York. He charges that he had ure to propose meaningful solu­ nothing in the North and little tee. The three were Edward La- been unlawfully committed to Bel­ tions to the pressing problems in in the South. It leaves enforce­ Friends of Cuba mansky, 24, Yvonne Bond, 23, and levue Hospital for psychiatric ob­ the fields of civil rights, employ­ ment to the very same people who Morton Slater. Albert Maher, 22, servation. ment, and peace, DeBerry replied are presently carrying out acts of Meet in Bombay member of the executive board of to telephone inquiries and com­ violence and suppression against the Student Committee for Travel Callender filed the claim with ments for over two hours. the Negro people. That it is a vote- BOMBAY, India — A meeting to Cuba, which organized the trip, the City Comptroller, in com­ DeBerry exposed the hypocrisy pliance with a technicality re­ catching gimmick is proved by the was held under the auspices of was also served a subpoena, al­ of the Johnson Administration fact that Congress got around to though he did not go on the trip. quiring such action before a suit through the example of its hous­ passing it just before the elec­ the Indo-Cuban Society on Satur­ can be brought against the city. ing program: “Civil rights leaders tion.” day, J u ly 25, at the h a ll of the Trip In 1963 The 30-year-old rights activist in New York have pointed out DeBerry explained the SWP Bombay Union of Journalists, on Last year the SCTC sent a was sent to Bellevue Hospital on that 200,000 low-cost housing units program for effective action on the eve of the July 26 Revolution group of 59 students to Cuba in July 15 by Criminal Court Judge are needed immediately in that civil rights and contrasted them Day in Cuba. defiance of the ban. When they re­ Edward D. Caiazzo, after he was city alone. Yet, President Johnson to the half-measures and non­ The following resolution was turned, three of the travelers, placed under arrest on a disorder­ has proposed th a t only 50,000 measures of the two major par­ unanimously adopted: Phillip Luce, Levi Laub, and Steve ly conduct charge while trying to ties. He urged voters in the area Martinot, were indicted on charges make a citizen’s arrest of Mayor “This meeting of the citizens of of travelling to Cuba, returning Robert Wagner at City Hall. to support him and Edward Shaw, Bombay, held under the auspices Change of Name Is Won his running mate, in the fall elec­ home, and “conspiring” to get Accompanied by two other of the Indo-Cuban Society, sends others to go. On this last charge Bronx CORE officers, Callender tions. (DeBerry and Shaw will its fraternal greetings to the peo­ appear on the Pennsylvania ballot another student, who did not go had sought Wagner’s arrest for For School in Harlem ple of Cuba on the occasion of on the trip, was indicted. Their misappropriating public funds by under the name of the Militant their historic July 26 Revolution NEW YORK — The members Workers Party.) case comes up in October. allowing city-financed construction of the Harlem Council and other Day, and expresses its solidarity Because of the illegal ban on projects to permit racial discrim­ Questions to the presidential interested community organiza­ with them in their determination travel to Cuba, and U.S. pres­ ination. nominee covered a wide range of tions have succeeded in getting to defend their inherent right to sures on countries in Latin Amer­ He was freed on $500 b a il a fte r subjects. He was asked about the P.S. 154, 250 W. 127th Street re­ shape their destiny according to ica and Europe, it is difficult to SWP’s position on the Vietnam Bellevue had given him “a clean named Harriet S. Tubman. The their own genius and build a so­ secure transportation to Cuba. bill of health,” Callender said. war. Some indicated they dis­ renaming of the school was of cial order of their own choice, Consequently the students had to agreed with his answer. But other The hospital’s report was not made special significance since the form­ without any outside interference. travel to Cuba via Czechoslovakia. telephone comments complimented part of the court record. er name was John Hancock, slave The students were the guests of Arnold Goldwag, Brooklyn his stand. One questioner wanted Liberation From Imperialism owner, and Harriet Tubman was the Cuban Federation of Univer­ CORE community relations direc­ to know if socialism w ill stimulate a slave-abolitionist, who won the “The Cuban people under the sity Students. tor who was railroaded to prison laziness. Another asked him which name “General Tubman” from inspiring leadership of Fidel Cas­ around the time of the World’s of the two capitalist-party candi­ John Brown, the great slave aboli­ tro have not only liberated them­ "A ll wealth is the product of la­ Fair stall-in, had also been sent to dates was better. Another sought tionist for her genius in the “Un­ selves from imperialist domina­ b o r” — John Locke, English phi­ his opinions on “extremism,” the Bellevue Hospital for psychiatric derground Movement” where more tion by overthrowing the dicta­ losopher, (1632-1704). examination. than 300 slaves were led to free­ John Birch Society, and the Com­ torial Batista regime which sub­ dom. The decision was made to munist Party. served imperialist interests on change the name by the Board of their soil, but also have engaged Education. themselves in the heroic task of The Council was aroused during rebuilding their economy on so­ WEST COAST VACATION SCHOOL the construction of the school and cialist .lines under extremely dif­ on April 14, 1963, introduced a ficult conditions. A Socialist Educational Week resolution calling for all Public “The people of India cannot but Santa Cruz Mountains. 50 miles South of San Francisco Schools and Projects under con­ have admiration for the indomit­ struction and those to be con­ able courage of the Cuban people August 29 - Sept. 7 structed in Harlem to be named who are threatened with im­ for Negro historical personalities. perialist intervention at every "The Triple Revolution" Mrs. Ora W. Mobley, who in­ step. The aggressive designs of the William Worthy, writer for troduced the idea of a resolution U.S. Administration aimed at or­ Vince Lynch, Just back from Cuba The Afro-American, was delegated by the Council to ganizing a counterrevolutionary Aaron Chapman, Freedom Now spearhead the drive in getting the Liberator, The Realist uprising against the present so­ candidate for San Francisco school renamed. Mrs. Mobley was cialist regime, by means of nuclear presented with a copy of Langston Assembly District Bill Sherman, Editor blackmail and invasion of the The Mallet Hughes and Milton Meltzer’s Cuban territory by armed mer­ James P. Cannon, Pictorial History of the Negro in cenaries must be unreservedly Nat'l Chairman, Socialist William F. Warde, Author of America. condemned by all the freedom- Workers Party The Long View of History loving people all over the world. Les Evans, Young Socialist Arne Swabeck, Contributor to “When the young behave bad­ “This meeting appeals to the Alliance Internat'l Socialist Review ly, it is because society has a l­ various mass organizations and ready behaved worse. We have the political parties in India to mobil­ For information and reservations, Box 5462 teen-agers, like the politicians and ize public opinion in the country the wars, that we deserve ” — in defence of the gains of the Main P.O., San Francisco J. B. Priestly (British author). Clifton DeBerry Cuban revolution.” Page F o u r THE MILITANT Monday, August 24, 1964 Mississippi Freedom School Convention the MILITANT MERIDIAN, Miss. — “Freedom is a Struggle" read the banner Editor: JOsEPH HANSEN over the stage of the auditorium Managing Editor: GEORGE LAVAN Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY in which the statewide Freedom Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, School Convention assembled here by The Milltant Publishing Ass'n.. 118 University PL, New York 3, N.Y. Phone Aug. 6-8. CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.5O. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily Delegates to this convention, represent The Militant's views. These are expressed In editorials. most certainly the first of its kind in Mississippi and, for that matter, V o l. 28 - No. 30 345 Monday, August 24, 1964 in any state of the South, were teenage Negro Freedom School students. They had been elected by classmates in their respective schools to represent them and Turkey Sees, Turkey Does bring to the floor of the conven­ One example of just how explosively irresponsible the U.S. tion resolutions adopted by the various schools in the pre-conven- Government leadership of the capitalist world is, was the Turkish tion discussions. These resolutions bombing and shelling attack against the independent island nation dealt with matters of vital concern of Cyprus Aug. 8. In more ways than one, that dangerous and to the youth of the South: educa-- criminal act — which threatens a larger war — was the direct tion, jobs, desegregation, medical result of policies of the U.S. government. care, etc. In the first place, the Turkish attack took place just three The convention was organized days after the U.S. attack on North Vietnam. After all, if the and run by the students them­ “leader of the free world” can attack a smaller country — and selves and was actually part of the threaten escalation of m ilitary responses which could possibly political education program of the Freedom Schools. One of the most lead to nuclear war — why can’t Turkey do a similar thing in her important functions of these own small way? schools, run by the Mississippi But in addition, the U.S. is directly involved with the British Summer Project, is to train the in causing the agonizing civil war in Cyprus. The simple truth future political leaders of the is that the islanders of Greek and Turkish decent lived in peace state. And there is no doubt in for generations until after World War II. Then the British began anyone’s mind that the delegates to today’s convention w ill be those losing their military positions in the oil rich Middle East and leaders. Cyprus assumed a key strategic importance for British and U.S. “It is fitting and proper that imperialist interests. It is the last securely-held British and U.S. the convention be held in Meri­ m ilitary bastion close enough to the Middle East oil regions to dian because three men were serve as an operational air base and troop jumping off point. It killed in the effort to start a Free­ SNCC Photo was Britain which brought Turkey into the Cypriot situation in dom School in Neshoba County. WE SHALL OVERCOME. Southern freedom fighters voice their 1955 in an attempt to counter the demand of Greece that the is­ [Neshoba County is near Meri­ confidence in coming victory. landers’ right of self-determination be recognized. dian, where the three murdered civil rights workers were based.] Ever since, the British — and the U.S. which shares the Mt. Zion Church was burned be­ personnel of the Mississippi Sum­ ing plank: “We w ill encourage and British m ilitary bases on Cyprus — have fomented trouble be­ cause it was known that it might mer Project. This is best illustrat­ support more strikes for better tween the two communities in order to have an excuse to main­ be used as the site of a Freedom ed by the resolution offered to the jobs and adequate pay. During the tain their presence. Any real solution to the Cyprus problem must School. A nd there w ill be a Free­ convention by the committee on strikes the employers should be begin with the complete removal of the British-U.S. military dom School in Neshoba County.” public accommodations: enjoined from having others re­ “ We support the right of the Ne­ place the striking workers.” bases. Because it is this imperialist presence — unwanted by the Applause greeted these words of gro people and their white sup­ The convention also gave atten­ Cyprus government and people — which is the original and con­ Dr. Staughton Lynd, director of porters to test the Civil Rights B ill tion to the colonial revolution tinuing root cause of the bitter communal troubles. the Mississippi Summer Project’s Freedom Schools program. via demonstrations such as sit-ins. with the plank: “The United Some of the resolutions passed We are not urging a blood-bath States should stop supporting dic­ by the students reflect discussions through this means; we are sim­ tatorships in , other countries and A Two-Faced 'Civil Rights' Drive currently taking place among the ply making use of our Constitu­ should support that government tional right to public assembly and which the majority of the people The top brass of the AFL-CIO is involved in a shabby and we are seeking to test the Federal w ant.” dangerous maneuver in connection with civil rights and the presi­ Government’s position.” There was one thing that all dential election. Among the significant demands observers of the convention could ...NY Negroes raised by the convention were a agree on: these youngsters are on The labor officialdom has been assigned by the Democratic (Continued from Page 1) public works program on the one their way and, in the words of one Party the task of counter-acting the pro-Goldwater “white back­ hand and “a guaranteed income of of th e ir favorite Freedom songs, lash” among white union members. At its quarterly meeting in ‘criminal anarchy’ indictment.” at least $3,000 annually fo r every “Ain’t nobody goin’ to turn us Referring to the injunction, Garza Chicago this month, the AFL-CIO Executive Council revealed citizen” on the other. Support to ’round, turn us ’round, We’re declared: labor was indicated in the follow­ marchin’ on to Freedom land!” some of its plans to deal w ith this problem. The Council sched­ “When the police, on the flimsi­ uled a special conference on civil rights to be held Sept. 2 in est excuses, can dictate who can Washington and to be attended by national officers and prominent and who can’t exercise free speech, Last Opportunity to Take Advantage of This Offer local leaders of AFL-CIO affiliates across the country. then the civil liberties of all the The officially announced purpose of the meeting is to work people, not just those in Harlem, out methods by which the unions can help implement the Civil are in dire peril.” Speaking of the injunction and the indictment, Sights Act of 1964. The real purpose of the conference, however, Garza said: PRE-PUBLICATION OFFER is to deal with the “white backlash” by further accommodating “ The seeds of a new M cCarthy- to it. The conference w ill point out to local labor officials that type witch hunt are being sowed the civil rights bill really doesn’t amount to much, that in the here. Every Goldwaterite and Save $2.50 area of fair employment practices, it is so weak and so hedged Bircher, every slumlord and anti­ in with involved procedures that it won’t have any real effect union boss w ill now be taking up on bringing more Negroes into the work force by cracking the the red scare against any socially LABOR'S GIANT STEP white job trusts. progressive activity they want to oppose. — Twenty Years of the CIO By the title of their conference, the AFL-CIO tops are mak­ “It is the ‘liberal' Democratic ing a token gesture on behalf of civil rights, but by the real administration of Mayor Robert nature of the conference, they are telling the local leaders that F. Wagner — with the blessing of by A rt Preis they don’t have to give a single inch to the pressing demands of President Johnson — and the ‘lib­ Negroes for equal treatment in the area of making a living. They eral’ Republican state administra­ LA BO R ’S G IA N T STEP is a vivid account of the workers’ battles are passing along the message that the white job trusts w ill be tion of Rockefeller which are giv­ in labor’s leap from craft unionism to industrial organization. ing birth to this witch hunt mon­ perfectly safe under Johnson. The struggles that went into building the CIO w ill come alive ster. They just can’t admit that The monumental hypocrisy of this maneuver is enough to they bear responsibility for the for you, as w ill the great strike wave of the 40’s and the period condemn it. But in addition, the AFL-CIO leaders are kidding disorders in Harlem through their leading up to the merger in 1955 of the AFL and CIO. themselves and their members if they think there is any security tie-ins with the slumlords and LA B O R ’S G IA N T STEP is more than a history of unionism — the for the jobs of white workers or for the union movement in their refusals to enforce the laws great class struggles are related to the economic, political and maintaining this resistance to the demands of the Negroes. In against job discrimination. Instead social developments of our time. You w ill want to return again some cases; Negroes have already invoked provisions of Taft- they trot out this ancient state and again to its 550 pages for reference, or just to savor the ‘criminal anarchy’ law, which Hartley against the de-facto closed shop where it exists and where spirit of the workers who built the CIO. hasn’t been used since the Palmer Negroes are excluded. This trend can only increase if the current ‘red scare’ of 1919, and try to attitude of many unions continues. blame the -whole thing on a few W ith their blind, biased policies, the labor bureaucrats are ‘leftists.’ They are playing the payment must be included with order committing the high crime of seriously threatening Negro-white dangerous game of adapting to solidarity on the job and on the picket line. Goldwaterism, and as long as they Pioneer Publishers, 116 University Place, New York, N.Y. 10003 think the labor and Negro votes The road to real union security lies in the direction of a are in their pockets, they are going Enclosed is $...... fo r...... copies of LABOR’S GIANT STEP serious fight for a 30 hour week at 40 hours pay. This would help to continue to adapt to it.” —Twenty Years of the CIO, at the pre-publication price of ensure the jobs of those now employed and open up job op­ The temporary injunction, ob­ $5 per copy. portunities for the Negroes and whites now pounding the pave­ tained in state supreme court, ments. Along with this, the need is greater than ever for the bans all activities by the three Name...... unions to break with the capitalist, colonialist Democratic party named organizations in central and launch a labor party which could develop a program of jobs Harlem. The city and state admin­ Street Address...... for all and forge a solid labor-Negro alliance. istrations are seeking to make the ban permanent through a pending City...... State...... Zip Code...... The present hypocritical stand of the labor “leaders” on the court procedure. The “criminal this special offer ends September 15, 1964 issue of Negro equality — as epitomized by the AFL-CIO’s so- anarchy” indictment against Epton called civil rights conference — can only intensify the rage which was returned Aug. 5. He is free on is mounting in the black ghettos. $10,000 bail. Monday, August 24, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Five

Morse Exposes Aggression Against N. Vietnam “ The U.S. Was Not an Innocent Bystander” [The following are excerpts ing it [the war] was that of North islands within three to five or six from the speech delivered in the Vietnam or South Vietnam is miles of the main coast of North U. S. Senate Aug. 5 by Wayne still in doubt. But I am satisfied Vietnam . . . While the South Viet­ Morse (D.-Ore.) in opposition to that the present rulers of South namese vessels were attacking the the resolution endorsing President Vietnam could not long continue North Vietnamese islands, the Johnson’s attack on North Viet­ their civil war unless the war newspapers tell us that U.S. ves­ nam and authorizing him to take were expanded.” sels o f w ar were p a tro llin g Ton­ kin Bay, presumably some six to further military actions In South­ * * * east Asia at his discretion.] eleven miles off the shore of North “In recent months, evidence has Vietnam. .. “It makes no difference who been mounting that both the Pen­ “Was the U.S. Navy standing says that our objective is peace, tagon and the State Department guard while the vessels of South even if he be the President of the were preparing to escalate the Vietnam shelled North Vietnam? United States. Our actions speak war into North Vietnam. . . . That it is the clear implication louder than words; and our ac­ “I am satisfied that . . . the of the incident.” tions in Asia today are the actions United States w as not an innocent * * * of warmaking. bystander. We w ill not receive a “As I speak on the floor of the “The United States also knew verdict of innocence from the jury that the South Vietnamese vessels Senate at this moment, the United box of history on several counts. States is making war in Asia.” planned to bomb, and did bomb, “Our extensive military aid to two North Vietnamese islands * * * South Vietnam was a violation of within three to six miles of the “The American effort to impose the Geneva accords in the first coast of North Vietnam. Yet, these by force of arms a government of instance. Our sending troops into war vessels of the United States our own choosing upon a segment South Vietnam, even under the were in the vicinity of that bomb­ of the old colony of Indochina semantic camouflage of designs ing, some miles removed. has caught up with us. . . . tion as military advisors, was a “Can anyone question that even “Our failure to apply the provi­ violation of the Geneva ac­ their presence was a matter of sions of the Southeast Asia Trea­ cords. . . . great moral value to South Viet­ ty have caught up w ith us. We “Any violations of the borders nam? Or the propaganda value to have beep making covert war in of Cambodia and North Vietnam the military totalitarian tyrant Southeast Asia for some time, in­ by the South Vietnamese were not and despot who rules South Viet­ stead of seeking to keep the conducted in a vacuum so far as nam as an Am erican puppet — peace . . . U.S. assistance was concerned. General Khanh, who is really, “There never was a time when “We assisted not only with ma­ when all is said and done, the it was possible for us to impose teriel, but we advised on war leader whom we have put in a government upon the people of plans, and our military presence charge of an American protector­ South Vietnam without constant in South Vietnam served as an ate called South Vietnam? fighting to keep it in power. . . . ever-present strong back-stop to “It should be unnecessary to There never was a time when the South Vietnamese. I doubt if point out either to the Senate or the war could be fought and won their m ilitary leaders acted at any to the American people what the in South Vietnam alone, because time without the tacit approval of position of the United States and the Khanh junta — and any of their American advisers. its people would be if the tables its successors and predecessors — “ In a very recent incident which were reversed and Soviet war­ could not survive without mas­ was the forerunner to the attacks ships or submarines were to pa­ sive and direct American military on American destroyers in the trol five to eleven miles at sea backing that was possible only if Tonkin Bay, it is known that while Cuban naval vessels bom­ the war were expanded. . . . South Vietnamese naval vessels barded Key West.” “Whether the choice of expand- bombarded two North Vietnamese * * * WHAT GIs ARE FIGHTING FOR. South Vietnamese peasant “ . . . our charges of aggression against N orth Vietnam w ill be woman flees with children from hut being burned to ground by greeted by considerable snicker­ government troops because they suspect her husband may be a Cuba Assails Vietnam Attack ing abroad. member of rebel forces. “ So, too, w ill the pious phrases of the resolution about defending freedom in South Vietnam. There briefed many times, as have the this has been a war between As Act of Aggression by U.S. is no freedom in South Vietnam. other members of the Foreign South Vietnamese Vietcong, who I think even the American people Relations Committee; and all this are Communist led, and the forces [The following is the text of an declaring later that the aggres­ know that to say we are defending time witness after witness from of the military government of Aug. 6 statement regarding the sions came from the Cuban side. freedom in South Vietnam is a the State Department and from South Vietnam.” U.S. attack on North Vietnam by Now the government of the travesty upon the word. We are the Pentagon have admitted under * * * Cuban President Osvaldo Dorti- United States displaying a similar defending General Khanh from examination that they had no evi­ cos and Prime Minister Fidel lack of scruples has planned the being overthrown; that is all. We dence of any foreign troops in “Five' and one half billion dol­ Castro.] incident that served them as the are defending a clique of military South Vietnam from North Viet­ lars worth of aid to South Viet­ pretext for the air attack launched generals and their merchant nam, Red China, Cambodia, or nam, 18,000 Am erican ‘advisors,’ On behalf of the people of by their armed forces against friends who live well in Saigon, anywhere else. and now the threat of war with. Cuba, the Revolutionary Govern­ North Vietnamese installations. and who need a constantly - in­ “The sad fact is that the only China has not put Humpty- ment of Cuba condemns the un­ No one in the world can believe creasing American military force foreign troops that have been in Dumpty back together — and justifiable attack launched by that North Vietnam bears any re­ to protect their privileged posi­ South Vietnam in any numbers never will. Out of this $5 1/2 bil­ arched forces of the United States sponsibility for this. For several tion.” have been American troops. It has lion, $1 1/4 billion went to France against the Democratic Republic weeks the world has learned that “Mr. President, I have been been admitted by and large, that to help her in the Indochina war of North Vietnam. such an attack was openly under prior to her withdrawing in 1954. The government of the United discussion and planning in the Today we are sending better States devised and carried out its United States. These events con­ than $1 1/2 m illion per day and w ill criminal plan in a deliberate, cold stitute the materialization of a pol­ reach $2 million shortly, just as and cynical way. Those who are icy of war and aggression carried Attack on North Vietnam aid to Vietnam, not covering the familiar with the ways of Yankee out without any scruple. (Continued from Page 1) cost of our own military force in imperialism when they set them­ authorities had the “ attack” staged Declare Solidarity Southeast Asia. Unless the Amer­ selves for an aggression, know undisclosed number of ships, al­ as an excuse for striking at North The people of Cuba express to leged to be North Vietnamese but ican people make their voices about their constant provocations, Vietnam, as they had threatened the people of North Vietnam their never officially identified, engaged heard very soon, they are going their piratical methods, their for months. solidarity in the face of the in a three-hour battle with the to spend even more in this fru it shocking lies and their shameful All Americans who oppose criminal aggression and call on all Maddox and the C. Turner Joy. this reactionary and dangerous less and unavailing task.” pretexts, and do reject with indig­ the peace-loving peoples to sup­ war policy of the two major par­ nation the falsehood set up by the No photographs of the “attack­ port a small country defending propaganda machinery of the gov­ ers” have been published. Ap­ ties should utilize the election to itself from imperialist aggression. register their stand. So long as the ernment of the United States parently the “attack” consisted of Now more than ever the unity adm inistration is convinced it has 4th Int'l Condemns which is blaming North Vietnam a great deal of noise, small arms of all the forces of the socialist the anti-war vote in its column it for this incident. fire, and rushing about. But for Attack on Vietnam camp, of all the peoples who have three hours not a single torpedo will feel free to “outflank Gold- They did the same on April 15, liberated themselves from im­ made a hit. Officials claim that water from the right” with new PARIS — The United Sec­ 1961, when they attacked our air perialist yoke, and of all the one torpedo was sighted passing and more dangerous Gulf-of-Ton- retariat of the Fourth Inter­ bases w ith airplanes bearing false forces that struggle for peace is 300 yards fro m the Maddox. kin actions. The only thing that national strongly condemned insignias and claimed that an in­ necessary in order to stop the can stop the hand of both pro­ ternal rebellion had taken place; U.S. Assumption the United States govern­ criminal warmongering and ag­ war forces is to register the max­ ment for its assault on North they have done the same in the gressive hand of the United States Why was no attempt made to imum possible clear-cut anti-war Vietnam. A special Declara­ Naval Base at Guantanamo, by that today has broken out with positively identify the “attack­ vote. shooting against our soldiers and extraordinary cynicism against a ers”? Why did U.S. authorities im­ Such a stand can be registered tion branded the air attacks small, self-sacrificing and hard­ mediately assume they were North by voting for Clifton DeBerry, as “a desperate attempt of working people in Southeast Asia. Vietnamese? The North Vietna­ presidential candidate of the So­ imperialism to retard the fall Let us condemn this cowardly mese, fo r th e ir part, acknowledge cialist Workers Party. Every vote of the pro-imperialist Saigon Yours for the Asking and criminal action unanimously! the first attack, charging that U.S. for DeBerry is a vote to end the government, which the he­ Let us stop the aggressive hand ships supported the bombardment war in Vietnam by immediately roic guerillas have more and of Hon Me, but they deny making For books and pamphlets on Cuba. of Yankee imperialism in time! withdrawing all U.S. forces in the more driven tow ards defeat the second attack. South Viet­ area. Every vote for DeBerry is The Freedom Now struggle, the labor Let us help North Vietnam repel in spite of the enormous the aggression! Country or death! namese ships were in the area. a vote for a policy of support to, monetary, material and hu­ movement, socialist theory, send for We will win! They have U.S.-supplied PT-type and friendship with, the heroic a free copy of our catalogue. boats. people of South Vietnam who are man aid given by Washing­ M ajor Fidel Castro Ruz Some people give credence to fighting to win land and freedom. ton since its creation.” The Prime Minister of the the idea that the Saigon regime Such a vote w ill help impede United Secretariat called for PIONEER PUBLISHERS Revolutionary Government ordered a phony attack on U.S. the Goldwater forces that beat the international protest against of Cuba 116 University Place vessels, one that would be mira­ drums of war and the Johnson this attempt to destroy the Osvaldo Dorticos Torrado New York 3, N. Y. culously harmless, ’in order to forces that piously ta lk of peace Vietnamese liberation move­ President of the Republic provoke expansion of the war and while taking the country closer to ment. of Cuba save their own skins. Or that U.S. the edge of the atomic abyss. P ag e S ix THE MILITANT Monday, August 24, 1964 MARXISM AND THE NEGRO STRUGGLE The Colonial Revolution in Today’s World

By George Breitman The facts are similarly damag­ onial revolution foremost today, ing to Cruse’s charge that Marx­ like Cruse, and supports it “com­ The main revolution in the ists (“western” or “westernized” pletely and unconditionally,” also world is the colonial revolution, or white) have a paternalistic at­ like Cruse. Having disposed of says Harold Cruse in his article, titude toward the colonial (col­ differences invented or exaggerat­ “Marxism and the Negro” (Liber­ ored) people. The only example ed by Cruse, we can now turn to ator, May and June). And the he offers, Leon Trotsky, is about some real differences. main trouble with even “the most the worst he could pick. Cruse holds that the colonial astute” Marxists of the Socialist Cruse’s sole piece of “evidence” revolutionary movement is the Workers Party and the Fourth In­ is a sentence in the last paragraph only important one; that no other ternational, he contends, is that of Trotsky’s pamphlet, M arxism revolutionary movement or tenden­ they do not and cannot under­ in the United States. This was cy today means anything; that stand or recognize this. written in 1939, shortly before how the w o rld goes and how his­ The reason why they cannot World War II, which Trotsky tory is made w ill be determined understand this, Cruse says, is that thought would surely provoke rev­ entirely by the colonial (colored) they are obsessed and blinded by olutionary outbursts in both Eu­ revolution against the imperialist Karl Marx’s outdated idea that rope and its colonies. Once the so­ (white-controlled) countries. the workers in the industrially cialist revolution began, he wrote, The SWP’s world outlook is far advanced countries are the prin- it would spread rapidly from less simple because the actual sit­ cipal or only revolutionary force country to country, and: “By the uation is much more complex. It In the world. example and with the aid of the sees the fate of the world being The result, he says, is that advanced nations, the backward decided by the combined operation Marxists take a paternalistic at­ nations w ill also be carried away of three factors: 1. The colonial titude toward the (colored) col­ into the main stream of socialism,” struggle against imperialism, onial parts of the world, believ­ He was referring here to all in­ which is today the central and ing that their emancipation must dustrially backward countries, in­ most active revolutionary sphere. wait until the (white) workers of SET EXAMPLE. Scene at very first all-African People’s Con­ cluding those in eastern Europe as 2. The struggle for political rev­ ference in Ghana in 1958. Rising African independence movement the industrially advanced coun­ well as the colored countries. olution in the workers states, in­ tries make their own revolution, has had big impact on U.S. freedom now struggle. Socialism Messianic? volving the ouster of the privileged after which they w ill “lead” the bureaucratic caste that is now colonial-people to their freedom. Cruse, however, considers this dominant and the restoration of have not got rid of imperialism, pressed national minorities, na­ An additional result is that Marx­ sentence “proof” that Marxists workers democracy. 3. The strug­ especially on its home grounds. tionalities and nations of the ism is obsolete and the Marxists have a “lofty detachment” toward gle for social revolution in the im­ Yet the continued existence of im­ world; but it is true.) in a crisis which they cannot re­ the colored people, that Marxist perialist states, involving the end perialism, with its preponderant People unfamiliar with this idea solve. socialism is a messianic “ white na­ of capitalist rule and its replace­ economic and m ilitary strength, is may be able to grasp it by asking Those are Cruse’s charges. Now tion” conception, that revolution­ ment by the rule of revolutionary the main deterrent to further, themselves: Suppose the Negro let’s turn to the facts. ary socialists deem it their “duty workers and their allies. deeper and faster revolutionary people, instead of being scattered It is a matter of record, which to history to lift the ‘backward’ To the SWP these three spheres gains in the colonial sphere. throughout the country, were con­ anyone who reads can check for peoples from their ignominious of the world revolution are in­ The converse is also true. The centrated in one section of the himself, that the Socialist Work­ state to socialist civilization even timately connected and interde­ abolition of capitalism in the im­ U.S., or in one area outside of the e r Party and the Fourth Inter­ if the whites have to postpone this pendent. Although they develop perialist centers and its replace­ U.S. And suppose that they were national believe and assert that elevation abroad until they have unevenly, they reinforce find ment by workers states w ill open dominated by the same forces that the colonial struggle is the center managed to achieve it at home.” strengthen each other. Victories new avenues for the colonial rev­ now dominate them, and that they of the world revolution today and Quite a big indictment to spin out fo r 'one benefit the others, and olution. It will bring invaluable were treated, or mistreated, in has been since 1949. of that little sentence. vice versa. A correct strategy for economic aid to the colonial rev­ exactly the same way they are For evidence, we cite one of But it simply doesn’t stand up. the world revolution, which alone olutions, enabling them to curb or now — denied equal rights, con­ many documents, Dynamics of Far from believing that workers can permanently guarantee the prevent bureaucratism, limitations fined to the w orst jobs, paid less, World Revolution Today, a resolu­ in capitalist countries are the only gains won in each of these spheres, of workers’ rights and other de­ unemployed more, etc. Wouldn’t it tion adopted by the Fourth Inter­ revolutionary force, Trotsky in­ requires a realistic appraisal of formations that breed in the soil be plain then that they are sub­ national at its Reunification Con­ sisted many times that “the de­ their potentials, limitations and in­ of economic backwardness and jected to a colonial-type oppres­ gress in June, 1963, and printed cisive word in the development terrelationships. (Such an apprai­ poverty. sion? in International Socialist Review, of humanity” belongs to “the op­ sal is brilliantly supplied in the A crucial question for revolu­ Fall, 1963. (Available from Pioneer Not Only Aspect pressed colored races” (1932). He already mentioned resolution, D y­ tionists everywhere therefore is: Publishers as a pamphlet, 3 5 .) repeatedly expressed the view that namics of World Revolution To­ How to achieve the abolition of But while this is. one major This resolution states very plain­ “The movement of the colored day.) capitalism in the imperialist aspect of the Negro struggle, it is ly that the principal center of the races against their imperialist op­ not the only one. Cruse oversim­ Absurd Illusion? sphere? Must it wait, as Cruse’s world revolution shifted to the pressors is one of the most im­ position implies, until the colonial plifies this question, as he does on colonial world beginning with portant and powerful movements Cruse regards the very idea of countries are strong enough to de­ the world scale with the colonial the triumph of the Chinese Rev­ against the existing order and workers revolution in the capital­ feat their imperialist foes in direct revolution. Here he reminds us of olution, and explains why this therefore calls for the complete, ist countries as an absurd and military combat? And w ill the im­ those blind men, each of whom happened, what its effects have unconditional and unlimited sup­ harmful illusion; he appears perialists wait until that occurs touched a different part of an been, what the problems of the port on the part of the proletariat much surer of this than the cap­ without launching their own of­ elephant — tusk, leg, trunk and colonial revolution are and how of the white race” (1937). This italists. For him class struggle fensive first, including the H- so on — and mistakenly thought these problems can be overcome. was long before the current col­ between workers and capitalists bomb? they understood the whole reality This position is so well known onial upsurge, and it is in this is meaningless or irrelevant. He Or are there forces inside the of the elephant. that when Mikhail Suslov, Soviet spirit that both the Socialist lumps together all the antagonistic imperialist countries that can be The aspect of the Negro strug­ ideological hatchetman, made a Workers Party and the Fourth In­ classes in these countries as if welded together into a revolution­ gle that Cruse shuts his eyes to is speech last April trying to dis­ ternational have always been they were one harmonious fam­ ary movement capable of disarm­ its class aspect. Negroes are ex­ credit the Chinese leadership, he guided. ily (except the Negro people in ing the capitalists, throwing them ploited not only because of their said: In May, 1940, a year after the the U.S., whom he considers a part out of power and joining in fra­ color, but also because of the class “Chinese Theory” sentence cited by Cruse, when of the world-wide colonial revolu­ ternal collaboration with the col­ to which they belong in their “Does anyone think perhaps World War II had already begun, tion) . He has nothing to say about onial revolutionists? great majority. They are a part of that the Chinese theory making the Fourth International held an developments inside the workers As Clifton DeBerry, Socialist the working class, the most ex­ ploited part, the most proletarian the regions of Asia, Africa and emergency conference where it states. (Since he says Stalin was Workers Party candidate for presi­ Latin America the ‘principal zone adopted a manifesto on “The Im­ the type of leader “needed” in the dent, wrote in an answer to Cruse part, and whatever hurts the of the storms of the world revolu­ perialist War and the Proletarian earlier days of the Soviet Union, (w hich Liberator invited but has workers as a class hurts them too tion’ represents something orig­ Revolution” which was supported he may also think the Soviet work­ not printed yet), the policy Cruse — usually first and always hard­ est. inal? No, this is the repetition al­ by the SWP. Trotsky wrote this ers “need” the Khrushchev type counterposes to Marxism “would most word for word of one of the document, and since he was as­ today.) in fact leave the colonial peoples To ignore the duel and com­ bined character of the Negro principal theses of current Trot­ sassinated a few months later, it What leads Cruse to thus exag­ subject to an unending threat of struggle is to blind oneself to the skyism. One can read in the deci­ represents his final, mature, con­ gerate the strength of the enemy imperialist attack.” dual sources of its full potential. sion of the so-called Fourth Inter­ sidered judgment on the question. and shut his eyes to the possibility Hit at Root As both a racial-national and class national (Trotskyist): ‘As a result It could almost have been w rit­ of aid from allies inside the cap­ of the successive failures of the, ten as an answer to Cruse’s claim italist and workers states? These The job of ending this threat struggle, it is fed and powered by two major revolutionary waves of that Marxists think the colonial and related errors flow from his cannot be done by the colonial the two most explosive fuels in modern' society. These are the 1919-23 and 1943-48 — and of the people should wait for, depend on method, which sees only things- revolution alone. “That job has to sources of its dynamism, and al­ minor one of 1934-37 — the main or trot humbly behind the indus­ as-they-are, fixed and frozen, be done within imperialism’s home though race and class operate center of the world revolution trially advanced countries. After rather than as a process replete base,” said DeBerry. “It calls for a revolutionary struggle by the unequally and unevenly at differ­ shifted for a time to the colonial urging the colonial masses to take with contradictions, reversals and ent times, they are both sources world.’ Here is where the source advantage of the war crisis in change (despite all his talk about workers, non-white and white that w ill contribute to the victory ot the political wisdom of the Chi­ order to break free from their dialectics). combined, to abolish the capitalist system from which imperialism of the Negro struggle. nese leadership must be sought,” imperialist masters and urging The class struggle in the cap­ the workers in the imperialist italist countries is at an ebb? Then springs.” A n y theory w hich does not rec­ etc. The same error is committed ognize and combine both these Not only is this fact refuting countries to support the colonial it w ill always be this way! The by Cruse when he tries to define aspects w ill prove fatally defec­ Cruse’s contention well known, revolt, Trotsky explicitly stated: workers are conservative, apathe­ the nature of the Negro struggle. tive. The early American social­ but it is well known to Cruse too! No Need to Wait tic, hogtied by the capitalists and To him it is, purely and simply, ists, who saw only the class as­ We can state this categorically “The perspective of the per­ their labor lieutenants? Then it “a semi-colonial revolt, which is pect, are an object lesson in how because Cruse himself quotes in m anent revolution in no case sign­ w ill always be this way! more inspired by events outside badly astray you can be led by a his article a short passage from ifies that the backward countries This is the same way most peo­ one-sided grasp of the dual char­ this same resolution, Dynamics of must await the signal from the ple viewed the colonial revolution America them within it.” While we question the last part acter of the Negro struggle. Cruse World Revolution Today. ( I t is a advanced ones, or that the col­ 25 years ago, and the Negro strug­ is making a similar mistake in the passage urging revolutionary onial. peoples should patiently wait gle 10 years ago, when the condi­ of that statement, we agree that the Negro struggle definitely has other direction. The Marxist at­ Marxists to recruit black radicals for the proletariat of the metro­ tions for today’s upsurge were still many characteristics of a semi­ tempt at a synthesis is the most Influenced by the colonial rev­ politan centers to free them. Help maturing beneath the surface. The Cruses of that day, prisoners of colonial revolt, and believe it is to enlightening so far. If it is not yet olution.) comes to him who helps himself. Cruse’s credit that he has been one fully or adequately worked out, Why does Cruse do this? Why Workers must develop the revolu- outward appearances, could also of the foremost propagandists of then it ought to be — by black does he misrepresent the SWP’s tionary struggle in every country, only sigh: It w ill always be this this idea. (He probably w ill not be radicals as w e ll as the SWP — position on the colonial revolu­ colonial or imperialist, where fav­ way! It is not a mode of thought pleased by our assertion that this because it points in the right di­ tion? We can only conclude that orable conditions have been estab­ helpful to people who want to idea can be traced back to the rection. he finds it easier to argue against lished, and through this set an prepare for revolutions. This brings us to the question of positions that the SWP does not example for the workers of other The colonial revolution has Marxist Lenin, who was the first, to our knowledge, to include the the white workers, to be discussed hold than against those it does countries.” made great advances and it w ill make more. But these advances American Negroes among the op­ in the next issue. hold. So the SWP considers the col­ Monday, August 24, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Seven Lettters from our readers

[T his column is an open forum by the mightiest military power came across the phrase: “We must to “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit Would the news of these m utilat­ for all viewpoints on subjects of in existence. maintain law and order.” of Happiness.” ed black corpses have even general interest to our readers. This attack was staged to pro­ When Governor Rockefeller, In this presidential election, reached the ears of the rest of the Please keep your letters brief. vide electioneering propaganda for Mayor Wagner and President there is only one alternative to country had there not been some Where necessary they w ill be the presidential election in the Johnson spoke of “law and order,” the Republican-Democrat power reason to believe they might be abridged. Writers’ initials w ill be U.S. they said specifically that the pro­ structure, that is to vote for Clif­ the missing three upon whom the used, names being withheld unless The U.S. has for some time been tection of property is the law and ton DeBerry, the presidential can­ eyes of the w o rld were focused? authorization is given for use.] laying the groundwork to pro­ they indicated that “White man didate of the Socialist Workers So that these young men may voke military action, in South­ first, Black man last” is the order Party, the only party which stands not have died completely in vain, unconditionally for Freedom Now. The Assault on N. Vietnam east Asia. The U.S. no doubt which they want to maintain. please accept the enclosed con­ planned for South Vietnam to at­ There has been very little men­ Roland Sheppard tribution to be used to send intro­ New York, N.Y. tack North Vietnam, while the de­ tion of the human rights, for which ductory subscriptions to The M ili­ There can be no justification of stroyer Maddox acted as support­ the people of the ghetto are now tant to college libraries, so that the deliberate, unprovoked attack ing cover, and when the North struggling, by any of the Repub­ U.S. Lynching? more Americans can know the upon the republic of North Viet­ Vietnamese torpedo boats drove licans or Democrats from Johnson Baltimore, Md. truths which the capitalist press nam — a small nation attacked off the South Vietnamese, the U.S. and Goldwater right on down the When two armed British im­ suppresses. Maddox opened fire . The U.S. line. perialist troops were decapitated, A. Robert Kaufman Maddox can only be considered as By the actions of the Repub- thousands of miles from their a marauder in the Gulf of Tonkin. lican-Democrat power structure in homes, while trying to enforce 10 YEARS AGO As reported in the daily pa­ New York City and everywhere British tyranny in the Near East, The War Machine pers, the U.S. has about 125 ships else, it has been shown that there the entire capitalist press head­ Fort Bragg, Calil. is no real difference between Wal­ off the coast of China, the two lined the supposed “atrocity.” We have built up a multi-bil­ IN THE MILITANT lace, Wagner, Rockefeller, John­ large aircraft carriers, Ticonde- Now, when two decapitated lion dollar war machine that takes son and Goldwater. Both parties roga and Constellation, as w e ll as and mutilated Negro bodies are over half of the national budget to “SOME LIBERAL PUBLICA­ will protect “law and order” fished from a Mississippi, U.S.A., other craft, submarines and tend­ support it. This huge military TIONS FELT AT A LOSS FOR against the people, who are denied ers. On the carriers they had the river, the press doesn’t make much build-up has saddled the American WORDS to describe the liberal the right in this society to “Life, newest and fastest jets and at noise when the fact is established people with a national debt of Democratic role in passing the nearby airfields numerous aircraft Liberty, and the Pursuit of Hap­ that the bodies were not those of Butler-Humphrey-Dies Communist over $300 b illio n , w ith no attem pt ready to strike. piness.” the now-famous three missing being made to even hold it at Its Control Act of 1954 . . . These parties do not support Freedom Fighters. One body is es­ Is this a nation seeking and present level — let alone reduce “Arthur M. Schlesinger, a co­ Freedom Now for the Negro peo­ m aintaining peace? I th in k not. tablished as that of a college stu­ it. All the income taxes paid by national chairman of the Ameri­ ple. They have a hard time trying This sea power was not for peace dent missing for over a month. every person in the U.S. with an cans for Democratic Action, but for war, for invasion, to con­ to promise freedom tomorrow. Where are the headlines over income o f $6,000 or less is required grieved over the ‘hasty and reck­ The time is now ripe for the Ne­ the w hite lyn ch savages? quer, to subject. to pay the interest on this huge less action’ and ‘foolishness’ dis­ gro people of this country to sep­ This military action was taken Where are the editorial cries for debt alone! And yet a docile Con­ played by his friends in Congress. by the ruling clique to stifle rebel­ arate from the phony two-party exposure of the number of Ne­ gress increases it every year w ith­ (Humphrey is also an ADA of­ fraud and to organize their own lion both at home and abroad. The groes who “disappear” every year out a murmur of protest. ficer.) He said they ‘succeeded U.S. is confronted with the up­ party in order to secure the power at the hands of the never-to-be- triumphantly in placing their party heaval at home of the Negro to win for themselves the rights punished lynchers? Jack Odom to the right of Joe McCarthy’ masses, breaking th e ir chains of when they tried to commit the bondage. What better way to Department of Justice ‘to a pro­ crush that unrest than to have a gram of mass round-ups and war abroad? prosecutions unprecedented in his­ O.T. to ry.’ The b ill fin a lly passed, It Was Reported in the Press though not as sweeping as Hum ­ From Denmark Democrats Not Military-Minded? leaders. In an Aug. 9 radio ap­ to the program and the uncrating phrey and Morse demanded, ‘is — We certainly hold no brief for pearance, the NAACP spokesman and use of the existing units. He quite strong enough for a Herbert Copenhagen, Denmark the Democrats but we feel Gold­ told Harlemites who have been didn’t say if any mental hospitals Brownell to use with effect on H aving seen The Militant by water is exaggerating when he beaten, clubbed and gunned by had been crated for the people some of their friends,’ including way of comrades, I some time ago made a subscription, and I have says the administration hasn’t New York cops that they shouldn’t who dreamed up the project. maybe even Truman. been doing a job of building U.S. be “unduly sensitive” to police “Their action will ‘plague’ been very glad to read your most March of Science — A Las interesting paper since then. I do war power. Evidence to the con­ action. “If Negroes start objecting them, Schlesinger predicted, be­ trary is offered by Senator Ste­ to the slightest thing that a police­ Vegas hotel has installed a row not speak English very well, but of electronic slot machines to clip cause this liberal ‘collection of phen Young in a newsletter to man does to preserve order,” he hotheads running wild like kids I am fully able to read it, and the suckers at a faster rate than constituents. The Ohio Democrat piously declared, “then we’re after their first glass of beer at I have learned much about many the old one-armed bandits. aspects of life in the U.S. and writes: “. . . in the past three really encouraging community a picnic’ has destroyed ‘one of the years we have attained a 150 per anarchy.” It W ill Roll ’Em in the Aisles — best Democratic campaign issues about the labor movement and the Negro freedom struggle, which is cent increase in the number of Kaufman Carpets, a New York in the fall’ — namely, their claim nuclear warheads in our strategic Not Fit to Print? — The New chain is giving up the “hard sell” to be a party of ‘responsible op­ not to be found in the Danish alert forces, a 60 per cent increase Y o rk Times has a headline writer in its advertising and, according position.’ (Meaning, you fools are press. in tactical nuclear forces deployed with a delicate touch. The Aug. 6 to its ad agency, will’ be getting losing us votes.)” — August 30, N.B. in Western Europe, a 75 per cent issue reported: “Hiroshima Notes “a new image — one with a touch 1954; increase in airlift capability, a 100 Anniversary of First Atomic of bright, sophisticated humor.” Non-Goldwater Racist per cent increase in ship construc­ Bomb.” It was a report of the Example: A cartoon series w ill mass observance of the nineteenth Yellow Springs, Ohio tion and modernization and an show Harry Kaufman, chairman 20 YEARS AGO anniversary of the leveling of the If anyone still thinks that it’s 800 per cent increase in the Spe­ of the company, and a salesman city by the first atom bomb. The “AS A RESULT OF THEIR impossible to be a Southern Dem­ cial Forces trained to deal with choosing rugs for markdowns. The article itself was equally delicate. PROTEST against continued ra­ ocratic racist and still be a darl­ guerrilla warfare and counterin­ salesman asks: “Excuse me, M r, It refrained from mentioning that cial discrimination and segrega­ ing of the Johnson administration, surgency threats.” Kaufman, but why the specials?"' the bomb was dropped by the tion, 19 Negro recruits in the Sea- Senator Albert Gore of Tennessee And the chairman answers: “It’s U.S. bees were given dishonorable dis­ is living proof to the contrary. Death on the Installment Plan my birthday!” charges in October 1943 . . . This became obvious when Gore — A Chicago cemetery is seeking an injunction to bar a tombstone Federal Planning — The gov­ Those 'Free’ Trading Stamps — “Discrimination and segrega­ spoke here at an Antioch College company from removing head­ ernment has $38 million worth of Trading stamps add about 67 cents tion began first in boot camp, assembly. uncrated “Civil Defense Hos­ a week to the average family’s Camp Allen, Va., where the Ne­ Gore was one of 27 votes against stones when buyers lag on pay­ ments. The cemetery charged the pitals,” according to Rep. W illiam grocery bill, according to an 11- gro recruits were segregated in the so-called c iv il rights b ill (21 repossessions are causing confu­ Proxmire of Wisconsin. He said month study by two University of living quarters and mess hall and Democrats and six Republicans). sion and disturbing cemetery em­ there are 1,900 crated hospitals Rhode Island professors. They were compelled to buy at a special He said, “Title Six allows the U.S. w ith 38,000 beds and other hos­ found that prices in one grocery goverment to withhold federal aid ployers. It was not reported if the ‘colored’ section of the post ex­ pital equipment and drugs stored chain rose 3.482 per cent a fte r it from any state w hich has some application for an injunction took change . . . around the country on the theory began giving away stamps. De­ section or sections where discrim­ note of the possibility that if the “When the unit was shipped, an they m ight be needed in case of ducting the value of the stamps, ination is practiced. This is an un­ tombstone company gets away attempt was made to segregate nuclear attack. The program calls they found a net increase of 2.02 justified grant of power to the with this it may set a precedent the Negro Seabees to the after for an eventual 10,000 such hos­ per cent. The study took into ac­ federal government.” for morticians w ith payments due. part of the ship’s decks, the pre­ pitals at a cost o f more than $400 count price increases due to other This does not mean th a t Gore text being the desirability of sep­ Police Morality — New York million. Proxmire called for a halt factors. ' arating men on the basis of their intends to support Goldwater, who Police Commissioner Murphy re­ ratings. This was protested and also voted against the bill. Gore fuses to suspend Patrolman Gil- halted. said he hoped Johnson would llgan whose killing of a 15-year- “When discrimination . . . con­ carry his state, Tennessee. old Negro touched off the Harlem tinued at their overseas base, the This also does not mean that riots. But Murphy fired Patrolman Johnson thinks him unreliable. SPECIAL $1 INTRODUCTORY OFFER Negroes once more protested. This Robert Rogan on charges that he Gore was awarded the prestige of lead to an, ‘off-the-record’ confer­ had a girl friend with an allegedly being asked to introduce the ad­ To reach the widest audience with our ence called by their commanding “bad moral character.” A state coverage of the Freedom Now Movement officer, at which the Negroes ministration’s Medicare bill. supreme court judge declared the we are offering a 4-month introductory aired their many grievances. At Arthur Maglin fixing “arbitrary and unreason­ this meeting, it was proposed to subscription to The Militant for $1. ($1.50 able” and ordered Rogan rein­ outside of the U.S.) set up an inter-raclal committee stated. to better the relations between What Law in What Order? whites and Negroes. New York, N.Y. Leader? — We doubt that New Nam e “The.very next day the partic­ W hile reading the various ac­ York Police Commissioner Mur­ ipants in the meeting, called by counts of the actions of the police phy w ill include Roy Wilkins on his list of “dangerous” Negro their commanding officer, were In the New York ghettos, I always Street Zone summoned before the regimental commander, who told them they were charged with the formation Thought for the Week C ity State o f a ‘secret’ organization in viola­ " F o r six months I have been head of a totalitarian regime with­ tion of Navy regulations. Two out being totalitarian. I can head a dictatorial regime without being a days later they were all given Send to The M ilitant, 116 University Place. dishonorable discharge.” — Au­ dictator."— South Vietnam dictator Khanh, on the occasion-of appoint­ New York 3, N. Y. gust 26, 1944. ing himself “president." Page Eight th e MILITANT M onday, August 24, 1964 MURDER IN MISSISSIPPI BIAS, BRUTALITY SPARKED When Will FBI Bring Killers to Justice? CHICAGO-AREA OUTBREAK By Jay Garnett AUGUST 18 — It is now almost By Beverly Webber two weeks since the bodies of the CHICAGO — The Negro rebel­ night the news of the beating three civil-rights workers, James lion which broke out in the small spread through the ghetto. Chaney, Albert Goodman, and suburb of Dixmore, Aug. 16, was On the following day, Sunday, Michael Schwerner, missing for directed against the poverty, slum the pickets returned. By evening nearly two months, were found conditions and oppression char­ a large group of Negroes had col­ buried inside a dirt dam near acteristic of black ghettos large lected across the street from the Philadelphia, Miss. The Federal and small across the country. liquor store and were listening to Bureau of Investigation — which, Dixmoor rates a low 231 out of impromptu speakers, described by immediately after the bodies were 250 Chicago and suburban com­ the newspapers as “Black Mus­ found and identified, refused to munities in education and income, lims.” Tensions were running say anything but hinted that they and that’s including Dixmoor’s high, and when a rock was thrown were building an airtight case 1200 better-off whites. The young through the store window, the against suspected assassins — has Negroes are especially hard hit by crowd surged across the street. become completely silent and the unemployment. press almost seems to have fo r­ Clashes Expand An ominous feature of the riot gotten the incident. was the presence of whites de­ The rioting spread into the Reports were leaked Aug. 7 that neighborhood, as the Negroes termined to attack the Negroes. the FBI was questioning “a MARTYRS. Michael Schwerner (left), James E. Chaney (center) threw stones and bricks at police, One white was admitted to the preacher, a bootlegger, a used-car and Andrew Goodman, the three civil rights fighters who were and clashes occurred with whites. dealer, a radio-TV repairman, a hospital after shooting off his murdered in Mississippi. W ill their killers pay the penalty? finger attempting to load a gun. The police were reinforced to lawman, and an elected official.” Police report that they held off number 200 against the 1,000 dem­ This partly coincides with the crowds of white men trying to get onstrating Negroes and attacked claim of rights activist and come­ exactly where to look for the much to blame for this death as into the Negro areas. them with clubs, tear-gas, high dian Dick Gregory who said the bodies. They brought a rented the people who pulled the trigger.” velocity fire hoses and dogs. Po­ day before that he had turned drag-line excavator to the center And he bitterly added, “I know This is the first instance in any lice were greeted with cries of of a 250-foot-long, 25-foot-high dirt what is going to happen when they of the recent clashes between Ne­ over to the FBI a letter and tape- “ Gestapo.” dam and scooped down 20 feet to find those men. A jury w ill come groes and the police around the recording he had received. Gre­ The racist attitude of the cops gory said the documents rev­ the precise spot where the victims in and say, ‘not guilty.’ ” country that whites attempted to were buried.” join the police in attacking Ne­ involved was blatant. A cop said, ealed where the bodies were and Meanwhile, the reign of terror groes. Many whites, as well as as he rode over to the riot area, named the killers: “ a preacher, a Nor has the FBI said anything in Mississippi continues. On Aug. Negroes, were injured. “I’m going to be right in the mid­ salesman and three cops.” about the report of the pathologist 17, Silas McGhee, a Greenwood dle of the head busting. I don’t at the University of Mississippi Negro, was shot in the face by F B I D enial Discontent Ignited mind them picketing for what Medical Center to whom the FBI a white racist youth’ when the The spark that ignited the they got coming, but this is plain The FBI denied that the letter initially turned over the bodies. young SNCC worker sat in his smoldering discontent in the Dix­ damned vandalism. And you know or recordings played a part in ef­ He said there was no evidence the car in the “Negro section” of moor ghetto was word in the who’s right in the middle of it — forts to locate the bodies or identi­ young rights workers had been town. On Aug. 15, an explosion neighborhood of brutality on the the Commies.” Other cops and lo­ fy the killers. But the letter said beaten. But a second medical ex­ and fire destroyed a tavern and part of a white businessman to­ cal newspapers blamed “Mus­ the bodies could be found “be­ amination of James Chaney’s grocery next door to a freedom ward a Negro woman. Michael lims.” Another cop said, “We al­ tween five and eight miles to body, requested by his mother, es­ house in Natchez. In McComb the (Big Mike) Lapota, owner of the ways got along fine with colored the right coming south from Phil­ tablished that he had been “sev­ same day, a bomb damaged a Ne­ Foremost Liquor store, was people here,. but for one or two adelphia” ; the bodies were found, erely beaten.” gro supermarket across the street claimed to have beat 22-year-old paid agitators.” according to the Aug. 6 New Y ork Speaking at James Chaney’s from a church which civil rights Blondella Woods for allegedly After six hours of battle, police Post, “several hundred yards off funeral in Philadelphia, CORE workers had been using to hold a “trying to steal” a bottle of gin armed with shotguns forced the the main-road running south from field worker David Dennis said, freedom school. It shattered the on the afternoon of August 15. Negroes into their homes, leaving Philadelphia about six miles from “I believe the people in Wash­ windows and damaged the walls Lapota weighs 300 pounds. He one Negro shot, many injured. the town where the trio was last ington and Jackson are just as and roofs. claimed he was simply holding Then they made arrests by break­ seen alive.” her fo r the cops. ing into homes, and on the street. Quite a coincidence to be W ithin a couple of hours friends Of the 29 men and two women brushed off by the FBI! Gregory of the woman had gathered in arrested, most were between the said they went “out of their way 3 Detroit Negro Candidates front of the store, with homemade ages of 17 and 22. to tell me how crazy this guy [the picket signs reading “Big Mike As in the riots in New Jersey writer of the letter] was.” A Must Go,” “Mike Beats Negro and New York, the participants further question or two are raised Women,” and “Dixmoor Police Are were mainly youth. Their anger if one believes the report in the Are Endorsed by Socialists Afraid of Big Mike.” During the is deep. Aug. 6 Post that “FBI agents knew By Marilyn Levin D ETR O IT — The M ichigan So­ munity should be a “big, bad Ne­ Socialist Nominee Answers Lies cialist Workers Party has endorsed gro,” he said. “ One who isn’t timid Dr. Louis Cleage and Richard and can’t be out talked. He should Henry who are running as a team feel equal deep down in his heart in the September non-partisan and be mad that anyone else Papers Smear Anti-Jim-Crow Protestors primary election for two of the doesn’t believe it.” The ideal Ne­ three vacancies on the Detroit gro candidate is “loud, ornery and By Lawrence Stewart given us anything to take back to Graves boasted his cops were Board of Education. aggressive, and has two or three them” in the ghetto. ready to use armored cars, sawed- Socialist Workers Party Candidate Dr. Louis Cleage is a contribut­ degrees just to show that he’s The Times also says that with for U.S. Senator from New Jersey o ff shotguns, tear gas, and the ing writer to The Illustrated just ornery and not ignorant.” Dr. wives and mothers forced to work “full resources of the Fire Depart­ News, an outspoken publication Cleage fulfills all these qualifica­ I find it hard to contain my tem­ in Paterson clothing factories for ment.” advocating nationalism and m ili­ tions. per when I pick up a paper or the minimum wage of $1.25 an The Mayor of Elizabeth, already tant action on the part of black “They’re just not teaching our turn on the TV and get told that hour, family problems are creat­ having decided who is guilty, people. kids to read,” said Dr. Cleage. the outbreaks in the black ghettos ed that build up a deep, under­ promised that arrested “rioters” “They call them culturally de­ in Jersey City, Paterson and Eliza­ lying “frustration” with the entire would be vigorously prosecuted. Richard Henry, a government prived and then rather than giv­ beth were the work of “hood­ system. No complaints — that is, of police technical writer, is president of ing them more attention and lums” and “thugs.” Being a Ne­ Added to the “frustrations” of brutality or provocation! — from the Group on Advanced Leader­ spending more money on them, gro who has lived all of his life rotten housing, slave wages and “Negro offenders” would be con­ ship (GOAL), which has been they stick them in overcrowded in the ghettos is enough basis for unemployment, there are the get- sidered until after the demonstra­ active in the fight against dis­ classrooms, in rundown schools, knowing what a dirty lie this is. tough city officials who think tions had ceased, he said. crimination in the schools. In the first place, the biggest they can ride roughshod over the The SWP is also supporting the with poor equipment and a lim it­ Jersey City Brutality responsibility for touching off the black people. campaign of Attorney Henry ed curriculum.” riots rests on the shoulders of During the Paterson outbreak A example of the police brutali­ Cleage, editor of The Illustrated Richard Henry discussed the club-swinging, trigger-happy, rac­ Mayor Graves was bellowing: ty in Jersey City was described in News and brother of Dr. Louis curriculum that should be taught ist-minded cops. “Get off the streets. Go home. the Aug. 5 Times. A Negro city Cleage, in his candidacy for Rec­ in the public schools. He felt that In the second place — as you There won’t be any warning next official, and some clergymen were orders Court Judge; The party Swahili should be taught as an can find out just by digging deep time. You’ll be shot!” “trying to calm” a group of young called for a “No” vote on the so- elective. When questioned about enough into the very papers that Negroes during the days of out­ called Home-owners Ordinance the teaching of Negro history, talk about “hoodlums” — the real breaks. A bottle smashed in the put forward by racists to legalize Henry said he would work to get cause of these explosions is that m iddle of the street and cops housing discrimination in Detroit. the normal history courses to in­ the people — and, yes, m ostly the charged across the street at them, All three candidates are inde­ clude a just treatment of Negro young people — just can’t tolerate swinging their clubs. When the pendent of the two major parties history. living under the terrible condi­ Negro official protested that he and have the endorsement of the In answer to the question, “Is tions of the ghetto any longer. was “only trying to calm the Michigan Freedom Now Party and integration of schools necessary in Even a prejudiced paper like the youth,” a cop told him: “Shut GOAL. order to make equal and,adequate New York Times admitted this in your damn mouth!” Someone told The two candidates for the education for everyone?”, Dr. its articles on the New Jersey the cop he was a city official and Board of Education spoke at the Cleage replied, “ A ll schools should riots. the cop answered, “I don’t give a Friday Night Socialist Forum on be equally good.” He is opposed to Paterson Outbreak damn.” August 14. Attorney Cleage will artificial integration. “A Negro It said, for example, that I am running in this election to share the platform with Clifton kid should go to the nearest school among the causes of the outbreaks expose and oppose the racist DeBerry, the SWP’s candidate for to where he lives and that school in Paterson are “deteriorating sub­ Democratic and Republican ma­ President, on August 28. should be so good that it would standard housing,” “declining in­ chines which carry on this vio­ Dr. Cleage, in discussing his be stupid to put him on a bus to dustry” (a fancy way of saying lence against my people. And I candidacy, said that there had go to the white school so he could that jobs are disappearing as intend to point out that the con­ been enough of the type of Negro get educated.” plants shut down for good), an duct of the cops in these outbreaks candidates who are elected to Both candidates pointed to the unemployment rate of over 20 per makes it all too clear that the idea “represent” the Negro community tremendous waste of Negro genius cent, and a callous city adminis­ of ending police brutality by and then keep quiet once they are because of the neglect of Negro tration which the “respectable” methods of “nonviolent resistance” elected. A candidate who would schoolchildren by the white educa­ Negro leaders complain “hasn’t is a pipe dream. really represent the Negro com­ tional system.