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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. Order Number 8717715 The implementation of an agroforestry project in a Philippine village: A study in directed change Salazar, Robert Crisol, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1987 Copyright ©1987 by Salazar, Robert Crisol. All rights reserved. U MI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or p ag______ es 2. Colored illustrations, paper or ______print 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page_______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages^ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print_______ 11. Page(s) ____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) ____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages num bered Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled p ag es______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received 16. Other _____________________________ ________________ ____________________________ University Microfilms International ©1987 ROBERT CRISOL SALAZAR All Rights Reserved DEDICATION To Mom and Dad - ii - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe an utanq na boot or debt of gratitude to the peo­ ple of Iraya, Ipil, and Sta. Cruz, without whose trust and cooperation this study would not have been completed. I thank the management and staff of the Buhi project, espe­ cially Arturo Formento and Carmelo Ailes, for giving all the support a researcher could need. I am indebted to Elmer Casillan for being a resourceful and dedicated research assistant and a patient comrade; and to Gardenia Oida and Nitz Quiapo for their invaluable assistance in data gathering. I must thank the following institutions: the Philippine-American Educational Foundation/Fulbright-Hays Program for supporting my graduate studies; the Tropical Renewal Resources Program, Ohio State University, and the Participatory Upland Management Program, De La Salle Uni­ versity, for their generous research grants; the Ateneo de Naga Research and Service Center and the De La Salle Uni­ versity Research Center, headed respectively by Aniceto Oliva and Rosemary Aquino, for their efficient administra­ tive support. I acknowledge the support and encouragement of the Fili­ pino community at Ohio State, and extend my special thanks to Helen Abadiano, Olegario Villoria, Jr., and Alex Baja- monde who unselfishly gave much of their time and resources to help me finish this study. I pay tribute to Frank Lynch, S.J. and Daniel Hughes, neither of whom are around to receive my heartfelt thanks. I shall continue to emulate their example as scholars and mentors. I would not have completed this study without the intel­ lectual guidance and moral support of my adviser, Professor Chung-Min Chen; to him I am forever indebted. The members of my committee, Professors David Hansen, Amy Zaharlick, and John Disinger, were highly supportive of my work; their comments and suggestions have been very useful. Above all I thank my parents, brothers, and sisters for never failing in their love and prayers. VITA NAME ROBERT C. SALAZAR INSTITUTIONAL Associate Professor AFFILIATION Department of Social Sciences De La Salle University Manila, Philippines Ph.D. Candidate Department of Anthropology The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio DATE AND July 22, 1953 PLACE OF BIRTH Legaspi City, Philippines CIVIL STATUS Single CITIZENSHIP Philippines LANGUAGES Spoken/Read: English; Pilipino Reads Spanish; French; Russian EDUCATION 19.80 M.S. Applied Sociology and Anthropology Ateneo de Manila University Quezon City, Philippines 1973 B.A. Psychology, cum laude Ateneo de Manila University Quezon City, Philippines GRANTS/SCHOLARSHIPS 1981-1985 Academic scholarship Fulbright-Hays Exchange Program 1983 Research grant Tropical Renewable Resources Program The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1983 Research grant Participatory Upland Management Program De La Salle University-Ford Foundation Manila, Philippines 1979 Research Fellowship Workshop on Evaluation Research in Population Studies 10th Summer Seminar on Population East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 1969-1973 Academic scholarship Insular Life Educational Foundation for Community Development Manila, Philippines PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS Member, Philippine Sociological Society Member, The Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi Member, Phi Beta Delta Honor Society for International Scholars FIELDWORK 1983-84 Buhi, Camarines Sur, Philippines; 10 months; Study of an agroforestry development project 1977-78 Port-Gentil, Gabon; 6 months Study of urban relations AREAS OF Anthropology of development; Development INTEREST anthropology; Southeast Asia; Philippines WORK EXPERIENCE Teaching and educational administration 1977-1981 Chairman (1980-81); Associate professor Department of Social Sciences De La Salle University Manila, Philippines 1978-1979 Lecturer, Graduate program Department of Sociology and Anthropology Ateneo de Manila University Manila, Philippines 1976-1977 Dean of student affairs Ateneo de Naga College Naga City, Philippines Research and research administration 1981 Project director "Case studies on community forestry" De La Salle University Research Center Manila, Philippines 1980 Member, USAID evaluation team "Impact evaluation study of the Philip­ pine Rural Electrification Program" USAID-Manila, Philippines 1979 Research associate "Institutional framework plan for refugee processing and resettlement" Planning Resources and Operations Systems, Inc. Manila, Philippines 1979-1981 Research associate Project Monitoring and Evaluation Division Population Center Foundation Manila, Philippines 1977 Project director "Sociocultural aspects of urban redevelopment, Port-Gentil, Gabon" Planning Resources and Operations Systems, Inc. Manila, Philippines 1973-1977 Deputy director Social Survey Research Unit Bicol River Basin Development Program Naga City, Philippines Consultancy and community services 1981 Lecturer on research methods/statisticss Philippine Social Sciences Council Philipine Association for Graduate Education Inter-University Consortium - vii - 1S80-1981 Member Upland Development Consultative Working Group Bureau of Forest Development Philippines 1980 Training consultant on rural development Executive Leadership and Management Program Civil Service Commission Philippines SELECTED PUBLICATIONS Articles/Book chapters Salazar, Robert C. and Daniel T. Hughes 1987 Implementing agroforestry in a Philippine village: An anthropological analysis. In Fred Hitzhusen and R. Macgregor, eds. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Renewable Energy in Developing Countries. Columbus, Ohio: Publishing Horizons, Inc. Pp. 187-202. Illo, Jeanne Frances and Robert C. Salazar 1978 Priorities in the Life Concerns of Bicol Women. Philippine Sociological Review, 26(3-4): 225-38. Reports Mandel, David, Peter Allgeier, Gary Wasserman, Gerald Hickey, Robert Salazar and Josephine Alviar 1980 The Philippines: Rural Electrification. A.I.D. Project Impact Evaluation Report, No. 15. Washington, D.C.: Agency for International Development. Salazar, Robert C. 1979 Life at Sixteen: Its Fertility and Sexual Dimensions. Studies on the Filipino Youth. Center for Urban Studies, De La Salle University. Salazar, Robert C. and Frank Lynci., S.J. 1974 Happiness Starts with a Good Job and a Good Home--So Say the People of the River Basin. SSRU Research Report Series, No. 12. Social Survey Research Unit, Naga City. - viii - Salazar, Robert C. and Frank Lynch, S.J. 1974 Nowhere to Go But Up--But in No Great Hurry To Get There: Land Consolidation Project of the Bicol River Basin Development Program. SSRU Research Report Series, No. 6. Social Survey Research Unit, Naga City. Book Reviews Salazar, Robert C. 1983 Review of Michelle Rosaldo's "Ilongot Notions of Self and Social Life.” Dialogue, vol. XVIII. De La Salle University Journal. 1982 Review of Robert Morais' "Social Relations in a Philippine
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