..

Make your mark! Vocabulary Grammar Time twins Present simple

1 Match 1-6 and a-f to form sentences. 3 CI) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct 1 Henry is studying form of the present simple. 2 My brother and I often look 1 Mark 10vC's (love) football but he (not play) every day. 3 I need to find 2 We (use) English when we ___ 4 My sister is a nurse, (write) emails. S I wonder 3 I (not have) any brothers or sisters, but 6 Paula works in a nursery my friend (have) two sisters. a because she loves children. 4 Sam (not go out) very often, but 1__ b out when Picasso was born for my art project. (go out) every weekend. David usually __ (watch) sports on c she works in a hospital. S Saturdays but I (watch) sports every day. d after our little sister. 6 Maria and Mark sometimes (arrive) at e for his exams. school late because they (live) far away. f what my friends are doing now. 4 CI) Use the verbs in brackets to complete the 2 Complete the text with the words below. sentences. There are some short answers. private doing do crazy divorced A: Where do you I,ve ? (live) twins./ similar interests personalities B: I in Canada. 2 A: When _ Pat _ to school? (go) ------~' ~~~ B: She at 8 a.m. 3 A: _ Greta and Tim _ coffee? (like) B: Yes, they _ . Hi, I'm Katy! I'm seventeen years old and I've got 4 A: _ Marek _ in a shop? (work) one brother - he's seventeen too. We're lfJ,v(0.5. B: No,he_. We're both tall with blond hair, so physically we're S A: What time _ Fay _ home? (get)

. Our 3 are very different - I like ---- B: She _ home at 11 p.m. music and art and my brother, Alex, is 4 __-- Grammar Plus: Present simple: word order about sport! Our 5 are very different too with time expressions _ Alex is very sociable, but I'm quiet. We live with

our mother because our parents are 6 ___ 5 (**) Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. This year I'm 7 __ my A-levels at school. We go

to a 8 school and we work very hard. After goes out/Sheena/ always/Saturdays/on S hC'C'f/)t?> t?>lwt?> VJ s 90C' S Ol/l~ Of/) St?>rv1Y'dt?> VJ s, school I want to 9 a course at university. 2 don't/we/always/ at home/have dinner

3 play the guitar/Francis/does/often ------? 4 I/have lunch/never/at school

S go running/every day/they/do ------? 6 don't/usually/we/drink tea/in the morning

2 Present continuous Grammar reference 6 CD Look at the picture. Use the verbs in Present simple brackets to complete the sentences about what Form the teenagers are doing. I/We/YoulThey live + He/She/It lives in Glasgow. - I/We/YoulThey do not (don't) liye He/She/It does not (doesn't) live Do I/we/you/they,. ? in Glasgow? Does he/she/it Ive Yes, I/we/you/they do. Short No, //we/you/they do not (don't). answers Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it does not (doesn't).

Wh- questions Where do I/we/you/they live? When does he/she/it eat?

Time expressions sometimes, often, usually, never, every day/week/morning, a lot, always

Word order with time expressions Time expressions can go at the beginning or end of sentences. However, in present simple sentences the Tom and Frank V.re bl/lt;z t09 (buy) cinema time expression usually goes before the main verb in a tickets. sentence: 2 Lisa (look) at shoes. I usually gQ swimming on Sundays 3 Rachel (eat) a salad. We don't usually have breakfast together. Does she usually catch the bus home? 4 Louise and Jane (not/eat) salad. They (drink) coffee. Present continuous S Brian (wait) for a friend. Form 6 George (go) to the gym. I am ('m) waiting 7 (**) Complete the questions and then answer + He/She/It is ('s) waiting them, using the picture in exercise 6. We/YoulThey are ('re) waiting for Tom. 1 ~ Tom and Frank ev. Tt0f} 5v.iv. d? (eat salad) I am not ('m not) waiting No, M ev; re 00t - He/She/It is not ('s not) waiting 2 What _ Tom and Frank __? (do) We/YoulThey are not ('re not) waiting AmI waiting ? Is he/she/it 3 Rachel _____ ? (look at shoes) for Tom? Are we/you/they Yes, I am. / No, I am ('m) not. 4 Who _____ ? (look in a shop window) Short Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it is not (isn't). answers Yes, we/you/they are. / No, we/you/they are s Brian _____ ? (go to the cinema) not (aren't).

6 Where _ George __ ? (go) Time expressions at the moment; now, today, this week/summer/morning/ evening/afternoon 7 Louise and Jane _____ ? (eat pizza)

8 What Louise and Jane __ ? (do)

3 Vocabulary Grammar Social life Present simple and present continuous

1 Match a verb from column A with a noun from 3 CI) Match the sentences 1-4 with the correct column B to make collocations. description a-d. A B 1 Kate is studying a lot this week. 1 goto~ a shopping 2 Alex plays computer games every day. 2 go b the beach 3 Mark doesn't live in England. 3 play c a party 4 I'm doing this exercise now. 4 meet d new people a present simple for regular activities 5 make e computer games b present simple for things that are generally 6 have f sport true 7 do g plans c present continuous for actions now d present continuous for actions in the present 2 Complete the paragraph with the verbs below. period go x3 play go to x2 do x2 stay 4 (**) Underline the correct form of the verbs. meet.l make have John l2.i.illWis playing every Monday. He plays/is playing an important match at the moment. 2 Jackie looks/is looking after her little sister every day, but she doesn't look/ isn't looking after her today because she's got exams. I have a very busy social life! I ,. meet my friends 3 Pete doesn't drink/isn't drinking coffee because nearly every day. We spend a lot of time to~ether! he doesn't like/isn't liking it. At the weekend, we usually 2 the cinema. 4 A: What do you read/are you reading? We all love films! After the film, we 3 • B: Dracula. Usually I don't read/ am not reading shopping and 4 plans for th.e evenlng. 6 horror stories, but it's good! Sometimes, we 5 a party or Justa ---

video games. I often 7 sport or . . 5 They go/are going to the cinema every week. 9 running in the holidays. 1 the sWimming Right now they watch/are watching a comedy • 10 pool a lot. Of course, I sometimes --- film. nothing but I 11 out more than I 5 (***) Complete the text with the present 12 in! simple or the present continuous form of the verbs below.

get up.l meet study go make have learn speak watch know work

My life I usua lly It}r'f VI p at eight o'clock on Saturdays. I ~ to drive at the moment a nd I .~ my driving lesson on Saturday mornings. After t hat, I usua lly ~ to the gym. I ) for my exams t his term , so on Saturday aft ernoon, I 6 • In t he evening, I ; _____

my friends. At t he moment, we K _ _ ___ pla ns for our next holiday- to Mex i co ~ I want to go because I Y Spanish a nd I It) a lot about Mexico. In fact , I II a TV programme about Mexico right n ow ~

4 Question words Grammar reference 6 ~ Complete the questions with the words Present simple and present continuous below. Use of the present simple what where when which who why how what kind .I how much how many Use the present simple to talk about: • regular activities/habits in the present. A: Whc.f k/l-'1 d of music do you like? He plays football every Sunday morning. B: Ilike reggae. 2 A: __ are you doing now? • things that are always/generally true. My mother doesn't speak German. B: I'm doing my homework.

3 A: __ CDs have you got? Use of the present continuous B: About fifty CDs. Use the present continuous to tal k about: 4 A: __ do you live? B: In Poland. • actions at the moment of speaking. The sun is shining. (= now, as I speak) 5 A: __ are you looking in the dictionary? It isn't raining. (= at the moment) B: I want to check the spelling of a word. • actions in the present period but not at the moment 6 A: __ money have you got? of speaking. B: About ten euros. I'm reading a fantastic book. (= in the present period, 7 A: does the class start? but not as I speak) B: At nine o'clock. S A: __ is speaking? I can't see. Questions and question words B: Jane. • Wh- questions ask for information. The answers to wh­ 9 A: __ old are you? questions provide information and cannot have Yes or No B: I'm fifteen. answers. lOA: __do you prefer, cartoons or music • Meaning of wh- question words: programmes? Question word to ask about: B: I like them both! What things Who people 7 (***) Put the words in the correct order to When times make questions. Then answer the questions. Where places 1 you/do/Saturdays/get up/on/when How the way you do something Whel-'1 do V;Z0l/l §le-r l/Ip 01-'1 5c.rl/lrdc.V;5? Why reasons Which . things I §let l/Ip c.f . . . How many (+ noun) a number 2 you/what/reading/at the moment/are How much (+ noun) quantity ------? How much (+ verb) the cost of something What time a precise time What kind/sort/type of the type 3 money/do/how much/usually/you/every week/spend • what and which: ------? We use both to ask about things, but we only use which if the number of answers is limited: 4 is/who/your favourite/actor What do you want to do tonight? (= unlimited number of answers) ------? Which film do you want to see - the Brad Pitt one, or the horror film? (= limited number of answers) 5 how many/you/sports/do/do • Word order in wh- questions: ------? After wh- question words, the auxiliary verb (or the verb to be) comes before the subject: 6 films/you/like/what kind/of Ido Question auxiliary subject rest of sentence word(s) or to be ------? Where do you come from? What time does your mother get home? What is his name?

5 Vocabulary 4 Answer the questions. Are you an only child? Talking teenagers

1 Complete the sentences with the words below. 2 How often do you see your relatives? complain sense of humour.l media exam pressure appearance support 3 How many cousins have you got? Simon always makes me laugh. He has a good 5Cf/\5C O(/r,VTMovrr. 4 Do you have any grandparents? 2 Many teenagers worry about their ____ They don't like the way they look. S Do you have any brothers or sisters? 3 I never about my parents. They give me enough freedom. 6 Do any of your friends have a step-father 4 My friends are great. They always ____ or step-mother? me when I have a problem. S There is a lot of at school. There are tests and exams every month. 6 The don't usually show good Reading things about teenagers. 5 Look at the photo on page 7 and the title of the Family and relationships text. Choose the correct answer. The two girls are 2 Complete the table with the words below. a in an office. b at school. brother.l grandfather son great-grandfather 2 They are great-grandmother step-father aunt a working. b having fun. husband uncle sister.l niece wife daughter-in-law nephew mother G Read the dictionary extracts and the text about teenagers on page 7. Match questions 1-6 with Male Female the paragraph where you find the answer. Then answer the questions. brother hotline n special telephone line for information or help

expert n someone who has a lot of knowledge about something EffierTed I I advice n helpful information Ina TRonald Aileen TTom ------~~~~~ I -l I I I Sandra Brian Lisa Simon~Ob D How old are the teenagers who answer the calls? ______Ellen Daniel 2 D Why do teenagers call the hotline?

3 Look at the family tree. Complete the sentences 3 D Does the hotline help with homework? with words from exercise 2. 1 Effie is Ellen's 9rct:» f-fjlY'(?,f/\dM othcr. 4 D What is the biggest problem for 2 Ronald is my ______teenagers? ______3 Rob is my ______S D Adults sometimes call the hotline. Who are 4 Daniel is Simon's ______they? ______S Ina is Effie ana Ted's ______6 D How many hotline helpers are there? 6 Ellen is Lisa's ______7 Ted is Daniel's ______8 Aileen is Tom's ______

6 Teens Talking to Teens Tina and Jana, two high school students, are chatting when the phone rings. Jana answers, 'Th is is Teens Talking to Teens. ' All this is happening in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, at the Youn g People's Support Centre. Young people in the city help at a telephone hotline for O teenagers with problems. Wh at's so special about this hotline? Well, the people who answer the phones are fou rteen to eighteen-yea r- olds. They aren't experts but they try to help. Two teenagers work every day from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. They don't work at weekends or during holidays . Most teenagers who phone are high school students with problems. 'We have to have a sense of humour beca use teenagers sometimes think we'll do their homework for them; says Jana, 'But that's not what the hotline is for. People think teenagers' lives are fun bOut they often worry • about school, problems with parents or even trouble with the police. Teenagers today complain that their parents don't give them enough freedom. But the biggest problem is school. They worry about teachers, marks and exams, and there is a lot of exam pressure. Also, many kids are unhappy about their appearance. We listen and try to help: 'We're in the media, so everybody knows our phone number; says Tina,'even parents. Parents sometimes call us for support when they are having problems with their teenage daughter or son. They don't know what to do. Kids call us because they find it difficult to talk to their mum e or dad. Some kids even want to leave home but we ask them to think about it for a day or two. Kids listen to us because we're kids too: The fifty Siovenian teenagers love their ~ work. 'It's really interesting to talk to Listening other teenagers about their problems. I 8 OJ Karen Klass is talking to Alan Lost about O think all the hotline helpers are good at British teenagers' problems. Which teenage listening, talking and giving advice and support to problems do you think you are going to hear people in trouble; says Jana. about?

9 IT) Listen to a recording about British teenagers' problems. Choose the correct answers. Where does Alan work? a At the radio station. b At a hotline. c At a school.

2 Alan is a a teacher. b not a student. c seventeen years old.

3 Alan is answering calls about problems with a parents and teachers. b friends and school. c school and teachers. 7 Read the text again. Tick (/) true or cross (X) false. 4 Some kids 1 D The hotline is in a Support Centre in the UK. a worry about their appearance all the time. 2 D Teenagers work at the hotline in the b feel they are not good at a subject. mornin g. c don't like any of their teachers. 3 D Hotline helpers don't work on Saturdays. S Alan thinks ... can support teenagers with 4 D Today's teenagers want more freedom. problems. S D Teenagers worry about their school exams. a other students b only teachers 6 D A lot of kids worry about the way they c other fa mily members look. 7 D Only teenagers call the hotline. 6 Denise has a problem with her ... teacher. 8 D The hotline helpers are good at their job. a English b Maths c Chemistry 7 Writing Filling in a form KINGLEE SCHOOL OF ENGLISH APPLICATION FORM 1 Read Kasia's application form for the Kinglee Language School. Then match the notes in TYPE OF COURSE / ACCOMMODATION WANTED boxes A-F with the correct part of the form 1-6. Type of cou rse 2-week course D 4-week course A Put the day of the month first, then the month, 0 then the year.(12/06/97 OR 12/0611997) 3-month course D On some forms you see 'DaB'. DaB = Date of birth. Accommodation with family 0 hostel D B Mr = a married or unmarried man. hotel Mrs = a married woman. D Ms = a married or unmarried woman 1 DETAilS OF APPLICANT (pronounced /miz/). 2 Tit le Mr Mrs ~S)

3 Forename(s) KAsIA Y1IAnA C The applicant is the person filling in the form. Surname KowAlSKA

D Write your home address as usual, but give Place of birth CfACOW, POlAtJD

the English words for your town/city and country. 4 Date of birth 08/11/IQQ2 Don't translate the name of the street into English. Sex ftY1lAlt National ity POLISH E Forename(s) =first name(s) Surname = last name or family name Passport number 00055555 Your forename(s) and surname make up your full name. 5 UK ADDRESS House number and street 23 Y1IA0CET STfEtT F When you write addresses in the UK, put the number first, then the name, then the kind of street 24 Elm Road, Town or city l OtJDOtJ 73 Mill Street, 6 Park Avenue. Finally, put the town or city Postcode Wlt2tJ8 and the postcode. Notice the punctuation when you have to write an address In one line: 34 Broad Avenue, 6 HOME ADDRESS Greenwood GR2 7 9TY. House number and street lX. KSIt:>CIA JAtJUSlA 14 Town or city wAfsAw 2 Read the application form again. Answer the Country POlAtJD questions. Postcode 01-452 What is Kasia's full name? CONTACT DETAILS

Telephone number ( +48 )22 335 77 Db 2 How long is the course she wants to do? emai l address KAsrA@POP»1AIl .R

3 Where does she want to stay?

4 What is her date of birth? 4 Write the addresses in the correct order using capital letters where necessary and the correct 5 What is her phone number? punctuation. Use the notes in box F to help you. 1 fenland road/NW27 2KL /65/london 6 Has she got an email address? 67" !="eh !t?>0ta Rot?>a, LOhaoh NWzz zKL 2 606/new york/third avenue/NY 10016 3 Write the dates of birth for a form. Use the notes in box A to help you. 3 toronto/new/34ITY16 2PP /road 1 23rd January 1978 zVt/tqz8 or z:0/78 2 2nd April 2007 4 6b/edinburgh/ER3 5HL/princes/street 39th December 1996 4 21 st March 2008 5 19th August 2001 8 5 Complete the strategies box with the words KINGLEE SCHOOL OF ENGLISH below. APPLICATION FORM gaps punctuation capital letters .I TYPE OF COURSE I ACCOMMOD'ATION WANTED 2-week course Filling in a Iona Type of course D 4-week course D • Read the form carefully befo re you begin to fill 3-month course D it in. Accommodation with fami ly D • Use 1 Ctlopltc'/ (eHe Y' s where necessary. hostel D • Write the date correctly. hotel D

• Check your spelling and 2 ______DETAilS OF APPLICANT

• Fill in all 3 • If you can't answer Title Mr Mrs Ms something, write n/a (= not applicable). Fo rename(s) • Only write necessary information. Surname Place of birth Date of birth 6 Use the information below and the strategies Sex in exercise 5 to complete Kristof's application Nationality form for Kinglee School of English. Passport number M,~tlo KY'fstof fv.tlo(c: UK ADDRESS boY'I"o ql/ldc.pes1; 8r-h Al/I9w:;r 1QQO House number and street Ml/II"o9 tlo Y'ltlol"o l/I~ tloddY'C:ss - 2t; v'I"oe 5f-r('('1; Cc.fv.bY'ld 9(', C 152 Town or city FRt.. Postcode ptloSSpoY'r I"ol/lfv.b('Y' 20787t;6641 6t; fbl/lsZ' l/I bl/ldc.P('s1; OOQ(57 HOME ADDRESS (+4t;) 20 7(57 t;664 ~Y'/srofblY'o(6VMofrv,c.1/1 2 rofv. Ho use num be r and street rOl/lY'se 3 "'-"Ol"o-f-hs Town or city Sf tloVJ /Nfr-h c: i'C'-fv.'/lj Country Postcode Speaking CONTACT DETAilS . Meeting and greeting Telephone number 7 Complete the mini dialogues with the email address expressions below. Hello. Nice to meet you. Thanks, it's great to be here. Getting to know people Hi! .I It was fine, thanks. Put the conversation between Kristof and Kasia How do you do? I'm fine, thanks. 8 in the correct order. A: Hello! o Hi! I'm Kristof. B: /-I{l D Me? Oh, I'm from Budapest in Hungary. 2 A: How do you do? Where are you staying? B: D Hi, Kristof. Nice to meet you. I'm Kasia, from 3 A: This is my sister, Helen. Poland. B: D Yes, very much. It's a fantastic city. Which course are you doing? 4 A: Welcome to London! @] I'm from Katowice, in the south of Poland. B: And you? 5 A: How was your journey? D I'm doing the four-week English course. B: D Which part of Poland are you from? 6 A: How are you? D I'm staying with a really nice family. Are you B: enjoying London? 9 Vocabulary Grammar Life events Past simple 1 Match the sentence beginnings 1-6 with the 3 CI) Put the verbs below into the correct endings a-f. column. Then write their past simple forms. 1 Claudia worked ~ a himself. grow.l play become dance be 2 Ellen had a happy b to fight in the war. move get marry die begin think 3 He shot c as a model for two start come have 4 Kate and Lisa became years. Regular verbs Irregular ve rbs S They refused d in the USA. 6 We grew up e childhood. f world champions.

2 Complete the text with the words below. 4 (**) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct grew up famous bands refused form of the past simple. depressed was born.l childhood himself very successful came from

I T. ' I .0: Jane.green @bmaiI34.com From: Emily.creith @cmaiI43.com Paul Hester 1 1/tJt/l5 boY'r. in Australia in 1959. He Subject: The weekend! in Melbourne. He 3 _ _ an artistic family lr-==-- _. ------and he had a happy 4 _ _ • He played with different Hi Jane! teenage 5 __ as the drummer. In 1984 he formed I 1wt/lr.rea (want) to write before but I a band called Crowded House with Neil Finn and 2 .' 3 (not have) tIme. On Friday, Clare and. they quickly became 6 __• Their most 7 _ _ I 4 (go) to see the newTom Cruise film. songs include Weather with you and She goes on. The Amy (not go) with us - she S band travelled a lot. Hester wasn't happy when he (be) busy. We 6 (not like) the fil-m--- because it 7 (be) boring! On Saturday was away from home and he was often 8 - - . 8 ' I - __ (meet) Colin and we 9 Finally, he 9 to travel again and he left the (decide) to go for a hamburger. Th-e- - band. Sadly, he killed 10 _ _ in 2005. He was only hamburgers 10 (be) great! forty-six years old when he died. How was your weekend? Bye! Emily

Grammar Plus: Time phrases with in, on, at

5 (***) Underline the correct words to complete the sentences. What did you do at/in/on your birthday? 2 Jo's fam ily had a good time at/in/on Christmas. 3 House music was popular at/in/on the 1990s. 4 Harry and Monica went to the cinema at/in/on the weekend. S Jay arrived home at/in/on 10 April. 6 When did Tim get to school at/in/on Tuesday?

10 6 C**) Use the verbs in brackets to complete the Grammar reference questions and answers. Past simple A: Where dId lrfv. @o (Jim/ go) on Saturday Form evening? B: He (go) to Mark's party. Regular and irregular verbs 2 A: What time (you/ be born)? They remembered the date. + B: I (be born) at three o'clock in He bought a new watch. the morning. They didn't remember the date. He didn't buy a new watch. 3 A: (Maria/meet) her friends on Did they remember the date? Tuesday? ? Did he buy a new watch? B: No, she . She ____ (meet) them on Thursday. Short Yes, they did.lNo, they didn't. answers Yes, he did.lNo, he didn't. 4 A: (Paul/phone) that girl from the party? B: Yes, he ____. He ____ (send) to be her a text too! I/He/She/lt was hungry. + 5 A: How old (be/your We/You/They were hungry. grandparents) when they met? I/He/She/lt was not (wasn't) hungry. B: They (be) twenty. We/You/They were not (weren't) hungry. 6 A: When ____ (Angela/start) learning Was I/he/she/it hungry? ? Chinese? Were we/you/they hungry? B: She (start) six months ago. Short Yes, I/he/she/it was. No, I/he/she/it wasn't. answers Yes, we/you/they were. No, we/you/they weren't. 7a C***) Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets. Wh- questions Pete and Rita fv.ef (meet) on holiday in Poland. 2 Jack and James __ (become) rock stars. What did she have for lunch yesterday? 3 Eddie __ (not move) to London, he __ Why didn't you come to the party? (stay) in Liverpool. 4 The concert __ (not start) at 7 p.m., it __ Spelling of regular verb forms (start) at 8 p.m. Add -ed to most regular verbs: watch -+ watched 5 Liz __ (not write) one email, she __ Verbs that end with -e, 'add only -d: live -+ lived (write) six emails. Verbs that end in consonant + y, change -y to -i; marry -+ married 6 Rex and Sophie __ (fall) in love three Verbs with one syllable that end in a vowel + consonant, months ago. double the final consonant: stop -+ stopped b Write a question for sentences 1-6 using the verbs in brackets above. Use Use the past simple to talk about finished actions/events Where drd Pefe (?Ind Rrf(?l fv.eef? in the past: 2 What ? I phoned her yesterday evening. 3 Did to London? 4 What time ? Time expressions 5 How many ? Use in with decades, years and months: in the 1990s/1929/April 6 When ? Use on with days on Monday/21 st May/your birthday

Use at with a specific time or a period of time: at 11 o'clock/midnight/the weekend/Christmas

Other time expressions yesterday (morning/afternoon), last (week/year), ten years ago, when she was little

11 Vocabulary Grammar Life events Past continuous

1 Find eight life event words. Look --+ and 1. 4 (**) What were the Jones family doing at 7.30 / ...... p.m. last night? Complete the sentences with the 5 d r e n t r j correct form of the verbs in brackets. Then look C e a h y t t 0 at the pictures and tick (.!) true or cross (X) false. h 9 h 0 U 5 e b 0 r c j k k a x 0 e n 9 a 9 e d I e f y I k z b a r 9 u m e n t m a r r i e d n

2 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. rented got x3 .! sta rted left fell passed had

1 I ~ married last year. 2 Harry in love with Sally. Craig JAJt?t5h'f- 5f-l/Ia'1fh@ (not study) for his 3 Last year, I a flat in the centre of o exams. Warsaw. It wasn't very expensive. 2 D Craig (chat) to his 4 Mark an argument with Paul girlfriend on the phone. yesterday. 3 D Diane and Ann (do) S Anna school when she was four ---- their homework. years old and _ ___ when she was eighteen. 4 D Mum and Dad (not cook) 6 I'm happy because I all my exams. the dinner. 7 Did you hear? Mike and Ellen ____ S D The food (burn)onthe engaged last week. cooker. 8 Tom ____ a degree in Maths. 6 D Mum (watch) TV. 3 Underline the correct word to complete the 5 (**) Look at the pictures in exercise 4 again. text. Complete the questions and answers with the I started university 1 when/then I was seventeen correct form of the verbs below. years old. I got a job 2 after/ later I left university. be x2 watch speak play 3 Then/At I moved to New York and started a new eat do.! x3 cook bark job. 4 Then/After a few months I met some new What JAJt?tz Mum c/C){h9 at 7.30 p.m. last night? friends. S WhenlThen I changed jobs again and She JAJt?t5 c/Ofh@ yoga. met Dave. We started going out 6 after/later a few 2 What Diane and Ann __ at 7.30 p.m. weeks. A few years~ last night? 7 later/ in we got r- • ) • f They ______TV . married. Our son 6-----./ 3 What __ the dog __ at 7.30 p.m. last was born night? It because the dinner was burning. 4 __ Dad __ dinner at 7.30 p.m. last night? No, he __. He to a friend on the phone. S _ _ the cats __ at 7.30 p.m. last night? No, they __. They some food. 12 Past simple and past continuous Grammar reference 6 (**) Underline the correct form to complete the Past continuous sentences. Form Angelina Jolie met/ was meeting Brad Pitt when they //He/She//t was acted/were acting in Mr and Mrs Smith. + We/YoulThey were 2 It rained/was raining when I walked/ was walking to working school this morning. was not //He/She//t (wasn't) yesterday. 3 What did Joe wear/ was Joe wearing when you saw/ were - We/YoulThey were not seeing him? (weren't) 4 I listened/was listening to music when Kate arrived/ was Was //he/she/it working arriving. ? Were we/you/they yesterday? 5 Did you go/Were you going to the cinema last weekend? Yes, //he/shei it was. 6 What did you do/were you doing after school yesterday? Short No, //he/she/it wasn't. answers Yes, we/you/they were. (**) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. 7 No, weiy ou/they weren't. We v1J('Y'{! aOt""§! (do) our homework at 6.30 p.m. yesterday. Wh- questions Answers 2 They __ (meet) while they __(study) at university. What were you doing / was studying. 3 I __ (not listen) when the teacher _ _ (explain) the at seven o'clock? problem. Why were you crying / was sad. 4 We __ (see) Sue when we __ (play) in the park. when she came in? S When I __ (get up) this morning it __ (not rain). 6 What __ (you/do) when I __ (phone)? Use 7 What __ (you/do) last weekend? Use the past continuous to talk about actions 8 I __ (not go) to school yesterday because I __ (be) or events in progress at a time in the past: sick. / was watching TV at seven o'clock yesterday evening. (***) Complete the text with the past simple or past 8 At that time, my parents were living in New York. continuous form of the verbs below. decide want meet read hear be born ./ Past simple and past continuous become discover be x2 phone live go The past simple and the past continuous are sometimes used together. The past continuous is used for the action in progress (or the background action) and the past simple for the completed action. Sentences like this usually contain while or when.

While/when / was walking the dog, / dropped my keys. / was watching the TV when the phone rang. They got married in 7992, while they were living in New York.

Raul 1 WCJo2 b o Y''''' in a small town in Spain, but he always

to live in another country. While he 3 __ at

university he 4 __ about a speci al programme for

students called Erasmus. He ') __ to apply. He 6 __ a

book at home one day when the organisers 7 __• Raul

had a place! He 8 __ to Edinburgh in Scotland for a year.

While he 9 __ in Edinburgh he 10 __ a Spanish girl. He

11 __ very surprised when he 12 __ that she was from

the same town as him! They 13 _ _ good friends.

13 Vocabulary Greatest Britons 1 Look at the pictures. Write the names of the professions using the words below. writer sports person composer scientist engineer queen.l

2 3

4 ______5 6

2 Match the sentence beginnings 1-7 Personal characteristics with the endings a-g. 1 James Dean died 3 Complete the sentences with the words below. 2 Cleopatra led talented.l intelligent brave violent 3 Einstein developed glamorous popular sympathetic famous

4 Gandhi wanted Beyonce is a very tv.(e~fed singer and actress. She is very 5 Newton discove ed the good. 6 Shakespeare wrote 2 Lisa was afraid, but she sang alone anyway. 7 Leonardo da Vinci designed I think that's really ____ 3 Einstein was really - he was a great scientist. a law of gravity. 4 Many historical figures did terrible things. They were b the theory of Relativity. often very ____ c in a car crash. 5 All the students like her. She is very _ _ _ d plays and poetry. 6 He is rich and successful. A few years ago nobody knew e the helicopter. his name, now he is very ____ f peace in his country. 7 I think Eva Longoria is very . She always wears g the army in battle. beautiful clothes. 8 I always talk to Jim when I have a problem, he is very

14 Reading 6 Answer the questions. 1 How old was Keira Knightley in the film that 4 Look at the photographs below and answer the made her famous? questions. Then read the text and check your answers. 2 What role did Keira Knightley play in Love Who are the people in the ph otos and what do Actually? they do?

3 What was the name of Johnny Depp's first big 2 What do you think they have in common? film?

5 Read the text again and tick (.I) true or cross (X) 4 When did Johnny Depp change his lifestyle? false. 1 D All of these actors are American. S Where was Ellen Page born? 2 D Keira Knightley was in Star Wars when she was fourteen. 6 What was the name of Ellen Page's first film? 3 D Johnny Depp didn't always want to be a film star. 4 D Johnny Depp played the drums in his band. S D Ellen Page's parents are actors. 6 D Ellen Page won an Oscar for her role in Juno.

Do you ever dream of being famous? Today, we look at three people who were rich and famous - before they were twenty-one years old!

British actress Johnny Depp wanted Ellen Page was born Keira Knightley to be a rock star, but he in Nova Scotia, Canada, started acting when she became a famous fi lm in 1987. Her mother is a was very young. Her father star. His family moved teacher and her father is is also an actor and her around the USA a lot a designer. When she was mother writes plays for when he was young and only ten years old she the theatre. When Keira he wasn't always happy. was in a film called Pit was fourteen, she got a He left school when he Pony. Six years later, she part in Star Wars. Three was still in his teens and made Mouth to Mouth, years later, she played the played the guitar with a a film set in Europe. Her part of Jules, a football- band called the Rock City big break came in 2005 crazy teenager in Bend Angels. He was in the when she starred in Hard It Like Beckham - the hit television series 21 Candy. The critics thought film that made her really Jump Street, but his first her performance was famous. The next year she big film was Nightmare on fantastic. Teenagers and was the beautiful young Elm Street. When he was adults loved her next film, wife in Love Actually. younger, Johnny had a lot Juno , in 2007. She was Then in 2003 she made of famous girlfriends and nominated for an Oscar the first of the Pirates of he often got into trouble. for it. Although she didn't the Caribbean films. She But when he met Vanessa win the award this time, was nominated for lots of Paradis, he changed his she's got lots of time to awards including Golden lifestyle. He now lives win one! She still lives in Globes and BAFTAs. happily in France with Canada and has a dog Vanessa and his children. called Patti. Reading 3 Read the second paragraph. All the underlined words refer to the same thing. What is it? Matching headings with paragraph s Choose the best heading a-c for this paragraph.

Itf'II1 2 An appropriate heading of a paragraph must not Mount Everest (8,848 metres) lies between be too general or too narrow. Tibet and Nepal. It is called Chomolungma by the Tibetans and Sagarmatha by the Nepalese. Between 1920 and 1952, twelve expeditions failed 1 Read the title and introduction to the text to to reach its top. find out what it is about. Which statement do you think is true, a or b? a The Himalayas b The first expeditions Edmund Hillary, first man at the c The mountain top of Everest, dies aged 88 4 Read the rest of the text and match headings Sir Edmund Hillary, the first man to ~lim~~ 1th world's highest mountain, died on Fnday a-d to paragraphs 3-5. There is one extra of January in Auckland, New Zealand. heading.

3 a The text is about Mount Everest. Hillary helped prepare the climb when he took b The text is about a famous man who died. part in two practice expeditions to Everest in 1951 and 1952. Then, on the morning of May 29, 1953, 2 Read the first paragraph of the text and the he and the Nepalese climber Tenzing N orgay three headings. Answer the questions. reached the top. Interestingly, for many years both men refused to tell which of them was the first: 1 they always said they did it together. Hillary was born in New Zealand in 1919. As a 4 boy, he was rather shy and not very good at sports. After his great success, Hillary continued to climb He liked adventure books. During a school trip in the Himalayas. He also took part in expeditions he discovered that he enjoyed climbing. His first to the Arctic and Antarctic. Perhaps more major climb was Mount Olivier in Mount Cook importantly, all his life he worked to help people in National Park in New Zealand when he was Nepal. He travelled around the world and raised twenty. After the Second World War he started money to build hospitals and schools there. climbing in the Himalayas. S After Hillary's death, political leaders in New a Hillary's childh.ood Zealand described him in their speeches as 'a legend' and 'the most famous New Zealander b His early years ever'. But we should remember that Hillary c Edmund Hillary's life described himself as 'an ordinary person with ordinary qualities'. Which heading: D is too general - a good title for a longer text with more information not in the paragraph? a After Everest D is too narrow because it only tells you about b The Arctic expedition some of the information in the paragraph? c New Zealand's icon? D tells you what the whole paragraph is about? d First at the top

16 Use 01 Englis Speaking Gap fill Photo description

5 Match the words 1-7 with the correct part of speech a-g. 8 Read the exam task and then do the preparation exercises below. 1 what, why, how a nouns 2 while, after, and b ve rbs Here is a photo offriends' spending their 3 twin, poetry, fitness c adjectives time together. Describe the photo. 4 take, discover, meet d prepositions 5 lazy, famous e verbs (- ing form) 6 in, on, to f linking words 7 listening, reading g question words

6a Read sentences 1-7. What part of speech do you need in each gap? 1 I usually __ my friends on Saturdays. verb 2 I lost my pen __ I was walking to school. __ 3 Pat writes ___ in his free time. 4 _ _ do you want to leave school? __ Match the possible answers below to the 5 Mozart was a musician when he was thirteen. three questions. playing instruments 6 Helen was to music in class. three young people at home 7 I left my bag _ the table. __ three students .I making music in a college room a group of friends b Complete each sentence with a word from preparing for a concert in a bedroom exercise 5. 1 Who's in the photo? Itf'II fhree 5T{/Idef'1T5 In a gap-fill task, the word in the gap should have the 2 Where are they? correct meaning and the correct grammatical form.

3 What are they doing?

7 Complete the text with the words below. There is one extra word. after childhood.l fall go left many Use the present continuous tense to say married why sense when wonderful what people are doing in a photo. how

My grandfather is wonderful. He had quite a difficult 1ci1r1di1 ood . He was one often children. 2 he 9 Complete the description with the verbs was just fifteen, he 3 __ school to go to work and below in the present continuous tense. help his parents. He had no time to 4 __ out with friends. But he did meet my grandmother and S __ eat play.l smile wear sit in love with her! They got 6 __ when they were The photo shows three young people, nineteen. 7 that, my grandfather worked hard, playing musical instruments. The person in but he was never miserable and had a great 8 __ of the middle 1 (5 p /v. '1(f'19 the guitar. The girl humour. When he was thirty, he went back to school 2 __ on the sofa and playing an electric and then to university! He became an engineer at guitar. The boy on the right is playing the thirty-seven. Now he is sixty-five and he's got a keyboard. I think they are at home. They 9 __ personality. He never asks 110 _ _ are things ___ casual clothes. They 4 __ • They at school?' or 'How 11 __ A's did you get today?' We look relaxed and happy. talk about football and fi lms. I hope I'm like him when I'm sixty-five! 17 elf·assessmen

Vocabulary & Grammar 6 He's a writer but he (not write) anything at the moment. Mark + Caroline 7 I (not see) Robert at school I yesterday. I I 8/9 John and Susan ______(meet) Janet + Steven Robert + Fiona I while they (study) History at I I I university. Ella Peter Matthew + Sandra I Julie 4 Write questions for the answers. The words in bold help you. 1 Look at the family tree and complete the 1 Wht?tr- /::.rhd o[Yvll/15rC doe5 5he /i/::.e ? sentences. She likes rock and heavy metal. 1 Mark is Caroline's hl/15bt?thd. 2 ______? 2 Mark is Julie's _____ I'm phoning my father. 3 Fiona is Caroline's _____ 3 ______? 4 Peter is Julie's _ _ ___ When you called Fiona was having a shower. 5 Ella is an child. 4 ? 6 Ella is Robert's _____ I've got one sister and one brother. 5 ? ..... 2 Underline the correct words to complete the Ron got up at 11 a.m. yesterday. sentences. 6 ? 1 I play/gfl/on on very well with my older sister. My boyfriend's birthday is in August. 2 Glamorous/Brilliant/Brave people are not afraid 7 ? in dangerous situations. On Saturday I had lunch at home. 3 Nowadays young people watch TV more often /61 than they play/go/do sport. 4 I'm sure Barbara will get a place at university. 5 Complete the sentences with the verbs below in She's very determined/sympathetic/cruel. the correct form. 5 My brother started/got/fell engaged at twenty­ rent go have fall pass./ make get three. 6 Joseph Strauss developed/discovered/designed Nick's very happy. He ,?t?t55ed his last exam the Golden Gate Bridge in 1936. yesterday. 2 I can't talk to you right now. I _____ shopping. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct 3 His parents _____ married in 1959. form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present 4 When I came in, my two sisters _____ simple, present continuous, past simple or past an argument. continuous tense. 5 Many students at my university come from 1 Nick ret?td5 (read) a lot in his free time. other towns so they often _____ 2 I can't play tennis with you now. I a flat or house together. ______(do) my homework. 6 Tom in love with a Spanish girl 3 My father (wait) for me when when he was on holiday in Madrid. the plane landed. 7 Hannah, we plans for the 4 In the summer we (go) to the weekend. Where would you like to go? beach every day. 5 My sister (not eat) meat.

18 Reading Listening 6 Read Cassie's article for a website for teenagers. Put 7 CTI Listen to two teenagers talking on a sentences a-g in the correct place in the text. phone-in show about people they admire. a I'm sure most of it came from your parents. Tick (~) true or cross (1) false. b But there are some things that make me very 1 D The phone-in show is broadcast on angry. Thursday mornings. c You think they sometimes treat you like a child. 2 D Sally was born on 20 May. d Do you try to understand them? 3 D Both Sally and Kylie Minogue are the oldest of three children. e I think my friends don't know what they're saying! 4 Sally wants to be a professional singer. f They probably do more for you than you realise! D S Brian had to read A Brief History of Time g If you don't think they are always there for you, ask D for school. yourself some questions. 6 D Brian didn't understand everything he read on Stephen Hawking's web pages. /61

Communication 'My parents don't care about me' 8 Match phrases 1-8 with phrases a-h. By Cassie H., Auburn, NY 1 Which course are you doing? I think I'm a good friend - I always listen to my friends' problems and try to give them good advice. 2 Let me introduce you. This is my brother Tom. 3 Where are you from? I don't really understand my friends who don't get on well with their parents and always complain about 4 Great to see you again! Welcome to Paris. them. I often hear 'My mum doesn't understand me, S Where are you staying? My dad doesn't care about me, My parents never 6 How was your journey? buy me things I want.' 2 __ 7 Are you enjoying Madrid? It's important that teenagers understand your 8 Are you a new student too? parents are the people who care about you the most! They are always there for you. a Thanks, it's great to be here! b Yes, I'm doing a Business course. And you? 3 __ . How did you get a roof over your head? Who gives you food every day? Who gives you a c Spain. How about you? wonderful home? d Nice to meet you. There are other things too. Look in your bedroom. e Yes, it's cool! Where did you get all those things? Your bed, the f In a student hostel. clothes in the wardrobe, the blankets that keep you g Maths. How about you? warm and all the other things. 4 __ h It was fine but a bit too long. I don't like hearing how your parents do 'nothing' 17 marks for you. 5 __ Think about it next time you start complaining about your parents - the people who Marks care about you so much. Vocabulary & Grammar /30 marks Yes, there are problems, of course. Your parents /7 marks don't let you go out. 6 __ But why do you think Reading they do that? The answer is simple: they worry and Listening 16 marks care about you, and that's why they sometimes don't Communication /7 marks give you the freedom you want. Total: /50 marks So , please stop before you say 'My parents don 't care about me: They do. They don't understand you sometimes, that's true. Ask yourself a question:

19 " J':-- .. easytodo . ' €IJ a bit harder . CDJ extra challenge~

_ A ,"""v.l&.c ",-r:.-~ ~ '- _. .z ~ .' '"'" ....

Vocabulary Grammar Describing a place Co mparatives and superlatives

1 Write the adjectives next to the correct picture. 3 CK) Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets. tidy well-organised bright stylish dark messy comfortable.l modern 1 Sam's room is fv,(!.55(('Y' (messy) than my room, but it's (tidy) than Tom's room. 2 John is (old) than Mark, but ___ (young) than Simon. 3 My French is __ (bad) than my Spanish, but my Spanish is (good) than my German. 4 I think this album is ___ (interesting) than the last one, but it's (boring) than the first one. S These shoes are (comfortable) than my blue shoes, but not as _ _ _ (comfortable) as my boots.

4 (**) Read about the two sisters. Complete the sentences with not as ... as and the correct adjective. I'm Sarah's sister, Tanya. I'm Hi! I'm Sarah and I'm sixteen. twenty and I'm not very tall. I'm quite tall and I always I don't like colourful clothes wear colourful clothes. My I'm very organised so my . room is messy but that's room ~s tidy, but I'm not very because I'm a creative creatIVe. My friends say I'm 2 Complete the text with the words below. Which person . My friends all say usually quiet, but I'm very room in exercise 1 is it? that I'm not very organised friendly and that I talk a lot! bright quiet middle of tidy on comfortable next to messy noisy.l stylish dark it looks

Do you like 1 ~ rock music or do you prefer - --music? Whatev er your style, your bedroom probably says a lot about you. My bedroom has two

big windows, so it's 3 - that's good because

I don't like 4 __ rooms! I don't like 5 __ rooms because you can't find anything so my room's always 1 Sarah is hot Vl5 ole( Vl5 (old/young) Tanya. very 6 • In the 7 the room there's a 2 Tanya is (organised/messy) Sarah. rug and there's a small cupboard 8 the 3 Tanya is (creative/ well-organised) bed. There's a poster 9 the wall, 10 ___ Sarah. . 11 it very modern. I thin k my room IS very - 4 Tanya is (quiet/ noisy) Sarah. shows my style anyway! My friends say it isn't very S Tanya's clothes are (colourful/dull) 12 , but I don't mind. Tanya's clothes. 6 Sarah's room is (messy/tidy) Tanya's. 20 5 CI) Complete the sentences wit h the Grammar reference superlative form of the adjective in brackets. Comparatives and superlatives 1 Alex is Mc bC5r(good) studen in his class, Form but Mark is (bad). 2 The kitchen is (comfortable) room Adjectives Com pa ratives Superlatives in our house. One long longer the longest 3 These are (bright) cush ions I cou ld syllable big bigger the biggest find. Two or the most popular more popular more popular 4 The bathroom is (small) and modern more modern ____ (da rk) room in t he house. syllables the most modern S Kate is (t idy) person in her fam ily and Sue is (messy). Ending lazy lazier the laziest in -y friendly friendlier the friendliest 6 (**) Underline the correct words to complete good better the best the sentences. Irregular bad worse the worst Oliver's room is big/ bigger/ the biggest than my far further the furthest room, but Sally has got big/ bigger/ the biggest room in the house. Use of comparative adjectives 2 Who is messy/ messier/ the messiest person in Use the comparative form of the adjective to compare your family? two things, people or groups of things or people. When 3 The people in the new cafe are very friendly/ you make comparisons using the comparative form, add friendlier/ the friendliest. than after the adjective.

4 Jane's clothes are very bright/ brighter/the He is nicer than his sister. brightes t, but they're not as bright/ brighter/ Their house was more modern than ours. brightest as Maggie's clothes. S My new phone is good/ better/the best present I We can also compare things using (not) as ... as: got this year. This essay is n't as good as your last one. (= you r last one 7 (***) Complete the email with the correct form was better) of the adjectives. Notice!

j as + adjective + as means that two things are the same: Callum's as tall as his dad now. (= they are the same) To: Mark12 [email protected] m From: Jess3 Bag ley@ kmail.com Use of superlative adjectives Use the superlative form of the adjective when you want to compare more than two things, people or groups. ~ -H i Mark, When you make comparisons using the superlative form, I How are yo u? My f amily move d h o us ~ t h~s yea r. add the before the adjective. I We were in a fiat before but now we live In a

I house . Our ho use is 1 Me 5fv1t?>!Ie'ir (small) He was the nicest person in the school. in t he street but not 2 (cheap). Its This is the most modern house in the street. style is 3 _____ (modern) because it's (new). Our fi at was '> _____ ----- (n oisy) t han our house because we had I

nei ghbours below us . Th e st reet is also \

(qu iet) . The bedrooms in our new \ '

h-o-u-se-a-r-e-n-o-t as 7 (large) as the I ones in the fiat but there are more of them . I've \ > got 8 (big) bedroom in the hous~, all t he other bedrooms are small. Ou r house IS (fadfrom the road, but it 's got the 1-0 - - - - (goo d) view of all the houses~ I hope yo u can come and visit us this summer.

Best wishes, Jessica

_.

21 Vocabulary Grammar Describing personal style Grammar Plus: Countable, uncountable and plural nouns 1 Rearrange the letters to make words describing personal style. 3 G) Complete the table with the nouns below. 1 BCrfjzfjz'1 (gagyb) trousers don't fit your body money./ time poster skirt chairs closely. people water plants mirror table 2 I only wear __ (kema-pu) when I go to bedrooms space parties or on other special occasions. 3 Jane has got brown hair, but it's pink at the Countable Countable Uncountable moment - it's __ (eydd). singular plural

4 He always wears suits and he looks __ fv,onev; (wlle-rddsese). 5 __ (tgtih) clothes fit your body very closely. 6 I like __ (saualc) clothes because I feel more relaxed.

2 Complete the descriptions of the three people Too much, too many with the words below. G) Complete the sentences with too much or piercings short x2 jewellery straight 4 too many. long smart tattoo baggy./ casual well-dressed make-up tight dyed 1 I've got roo fv,l/1 Ch homework today! 2 She's wearing make-up. 1 3 I spent money last week. He's wearing 1 bCr99'1 4 I've got ___ shoes, I can't close my trousers, they are quite wardrobe! 2 __ too - they don't 5 He's got ___ cushions on his bed. go down to his shoes. He's got 3 __ hair. He's got 6 There's space in the coffee bar. We need some more tables. a 4 on one arm. His clothes style is 5 __• 5 (**) Celia and Mike are getting ready for their party. Complete the dialogue with too much, too many or not enough.

C: Oh, no!'There are 1 not cnol/19h chairs. 2 Twenty people are coming to the party, but

She's got 1_ hair and we've only got fifteen chairs. she's wearing lots of M: Don't worry. Kate and Tom can bring some 2 • Her skirt is chairs. Oh, I bought lots of bread. 3 __ • She's wearing C: Me too! I bought a lot of bread! That means lots of 4 __ , for we've got 2 __ bread ..., but everyone likes example, big earrings. bread ... Did you buy cheese? She's got 5 __ in her eyebrows and nose. M: Cheese? No. C: Then there is 3 __ cheese. There's only one small piece. 3 M: Ah, here's the lemons. I bought twenty.

She's got long 1 __ C: Twenty? That's 4 __ ! I only need two! ~. hair. She's wearing M: And I got one kilo of sugar for the cake. clothes - a suit C: I need two, so there is S __ sugar! and a shirt - and she's M: Okay, I'm going to the supe rm arket to get sugar and cheese.

C: Great! Don't buy 6 _ _ !

22 6 (**) What's the problem? Look at the pictures and Grammar reference complete the sentences with too or not enough and the Countable and uncountable nouns adjectives in brackets. Countable nouns are things we can count, for example one table, two tables. They can be He's 0.ot tv.!! e0.ol/7§th singular or plural: (tall) I like parties. I'm going to a party tonight. 2 He's too Shorf Uncountable nouns are things we cannot (short) count, for example water, rice, time. They 3 His T-shirt is have no plural form. We cannot use a/an with _ _ _ .(Iong) uncountable nouns: 4 His T-shirt is I like rice. I'm going to buy some rice today. ___ . (short) Too and enough Too means more than the right number/ amount. It is used before: • adjectives 5 Her trousers are I think his trousers are too big. · (long) • much (with uncountable nouns) and many 6 Her trousers are (with countable nouns in the plural) · (short) She wears too much make-up. 7 Her trousers are (= her make-up doesn't look nice) · (big) I've got too many things in my wardrobe. (= it's over-full)

Not ... enough means less than the right amount. It is used before: • adjectives 8 He's That jumper isn't long enough. (tall). • uncountable and countable nouns 9 The door is I didn't have enough time in the exam . . (low) (= I needed more time) 10 The door is I haven't got enough winter clothes. . (high) (= I need more winter clothes)

Notice! The word enough goes before nouns, but after adjectives: Too and not enough with infinitive + to We didn't have enough food. This essay isn't good enough. 7 (**) Complete the sentences with not + adjective + enough or too + adjective and the adjectives in brackets. You can also use too/not enough followed by 1 A: I want to play football this year. an infinitive with to: My grandmother's too old to go skiing. B: Sorry, the team is for fourteen-sixteen year olds and (= she can't go skiing because she is too old) you're seventeen. You 're too o ld to be (old/be) on the school team. The girl isn't old enough to drive a car. 2 A: Can Tara drive? (= the girl can't drive a car because she's too young) B: No, she's only sixteen. She's ____ (old/drive) until next year. 3 A: Do you want to go for a walk? B: Not today. It's 40°C, it 's ____ (hot/go) outside. 4 A: Rose looks great in that dress. B: But she's only eleven! I think she's _ ___ (young/wear) those cl othes. 5 A: Don't you need to get ready for the party? B: Yes, but I'm (tired/ change) my clothes. 23 Vocabulary Listening Money and spending 4 CD Listen to the interview with successful business woman, Alina Morris. Tick (./) true or Match a word from column A with its opposite 1 cross (X) false. word in column B. 1 D Alina's business is called Style Help. A B 2 D Alina wasn't very interested in fashion at school. ~ ~aovr~o:\ : :~an 3 D Alina sometimes helps customers plan 3 gener~us ~ c spend shopping trips. 4 buy d saver 4 D Alina's teacher didn't think her plan was S spender e lend possible. S D Alina's business became successful after 2 Underline the correct words to complete the only three months. sentences. 5 CD Listen to the interview again and choose Jan likes giving/lending/earning presents to the correct answers. other people. 1 Alina helps people to choose 2 I can't save/afford/spend a mobile phone at the a furniture/clothes. moment. b good styles. 3 Mia is buying/owing/saving some money for her summer holiday. c the best shops. 4 We got some great bargains/spenders/savers at the market this morning. 2 Alina wrote her business plan S Maria is very generous/mean/sensible. She a after she saw a TV programme about it. always buys her friends food at the cafe. b as part of a school project. 6 Can you borrow/lend/earn me your MP3 player, c in her economics class. please? I'll give it back to you this evening.

3 Complete the text with the words below. 3 How did Alina get the money to start her business? borrow earn saver lent./ afford saved buy sensible spend paid back a She borrowed it from the bank. b The school gave money to start the project. c Her parents lent her the money.

4 To get new customers, Alina a developed a website with information about My best friend Maya and I had travel plans Style Help. this summer. My parents 1 /ef/\t me some b sent emails to a hundred people. of the money, but not all of it. They told c asked her friends to tell people. me that I had to get a job in June because I wanted to 2 · enough for the trip. S Alina thinks the most important thing is to I got a job and I 3 everything I a have a business plan. 5 4 , made-I'magood . I m -- b start with as much money as possible. with money, so I didn't 6 all c invest in other businesses. my money:on holiday. After the holiday, I 7 the money to my parents. Now I really want to 8 a motorbike. I can't 9 it, so I'm going to 10 some more money - but I'm going to work on Saturdays to pay it back .

.-

24 Reading Read the text again. Tick true or 6 Match questions 1-6 to the correct paragraph A~F in 7 (~) the text, where you find the answer to the question. cross (X) false. Then answer the questions. 1 D Young people can do a lot of 1 D What can you do if you don't like working inside? different jobs. 2 D You can earn money by taking dogs for walks. 2 D How much money can you earn from 3 Usually you can earn more than five giving classes to other students? D euros for helping with studies. 4 D It's possible to find work in parks in 3 D Why can you save money by working in a shop? your town. S D All shops gi ~ e discounts to people 4 D Why can volunteering help you get a job? who work for them. 6 D You can't make much money from 5 D What two animals do they talk about? creating websites. 7 D Volunteers sometimes earn some 6 D How can you make money from creating websites? money.

Teens and money So, yo u can't afford to go out with C Outdoor jobs E Create websites your friends, and you can't borrow Do you hate working inside? Don't Are you good with computers ? any more money from your worry - find out if there's a job Could you learn to create parents an d you even owe money in a park near your house. Often well-organised websites? Yes? to your li ttle brother. You need to parks employ young Then you can make a lot of get a job and earn some money! people to collect money! Some businesses pay Don't worry, there are many jobs litter or help you to create and look after you can fi nd or create. Here are with cutting their websites - doing things just some ideas ... the grass like adding new information and looking and solving problems on the A Looking after pets after plants. websites. When your neighbours go on You can cut holiday, you can take care of their the grass F Getting experience cat or dog or whatever pet they or clear the Think about volunteering, too. have. You give the animals food snow for your Volunteers don't earn any money, and exercise. Also, many people neighbours, but volunteering can help you work long hours and they will pay too. get a job later. Think of a skill you to visit their pets during the you want to learn or a business day and take them for a walk. that interests you, then find an D Department stores organisation that does it. You B Helping with studies will get great experience doing a Working in a shop can be fun Some teens say they earn between job there. For example, you can - and you can save money too. five and twenty euros an hour volunteer at a hospital. That's a Some shops often give employees tutoring. Are you good at a subject, great idea for students who want 20-30 percent discount on for example, Maths or to be doctors. Do you like working clothes and other things, English?Then you with children? Why not volunteer so when you buy things can earn money to help at a local school? It's up to from the shop it's by helping others you to find a place that will help cheaper for you. understand it too. you learn.

2S Writing 2 Complete the table with the phrases below. Then add any other phrases from the email and Writing an emai l or informal letter notes in exercise 1. 1 Read the email from Zack to Lily and answer Hi! ./ Dear Jackie, Hi Sarah, Take care, the questions. Lots of love, Hi there! Love, Best wishes, 1 How does lack start the email? Starting Signing off 2 How does lack ask how things are? 1-1,1

3 Who does lack describe in paragraph 2? 3 Underline the words and, but, because and so 4 Why doesn't lack want to miss his class? in Zack's email. Then match the words 1-4 in column A with their use a-d in column B. A B 1 We use so to a contrast ideas. 2 We use because to b link similar ideas. 3 We use butto c give a reason. 4 We use and to d talk about a result.

1 Give your email \(T [email protected] a title. 0: '--_____--' From: [email protected] : ,~,

2 Open the email with ~==SU=b~je=c=t :===V=iS=it=to==lo=n=d=on======~1 5 In emails to friends you Hi + first name if you ~ t: often use exclamation know the person well. ~ H I lily, marks 0) for emphasis: You can also use Dear i' How are you? Hope you 're well. Mum wrote to ~e and / Write soon! + first name: .. . Dear said she saw you In town. She told me that O!d. re .-/ I'm having a great time! Things are really busy here! Zack, ... Don't forget coming to London next month. That's great! here the comma (,) after the j d F !: name. are you staY ing? My mother's fnen , ran, says you Ii': L--______---' can stay here If you want, but if you have other plans .------, th at's fine. i 3 Askhowthingsare.Use Everything's fine here. College is very busy! I tlke 111': an informal phrase: my roommate . His name 's DaVid and he's from .~.:~ ' How are you? t th 6 End the email with the How are things? Edinburgh. He plays basketball too, so we go 0 e correct phrase: How are you doing? sports centre together to play. I must go now ... Hope you're well. I've got to run now, it's time for my Engl ish class. I f Please write soon ... r" : can't miss it because I've got a vocabulary exam later I'll email soon ... 'I'; this week. Can't wait to see you In London! 4 Say how things are: I'm enjoying the course See you soon , iF ... Everything's going :' lack :'\ 7 Sign off with a really well here ... finishing phrase and I'm really busy at the your name: moment ... Take care, I t ~: Write soon! Love,Zack. All my love, Dad Lots of love, Lisa All the best, Kev Cheers, Sam.

· 26 4 Add and, but, so or because to each sentence to 7 Complete the strategies box with the words make a complete sentence. below. 1 I'm doing a course. I'm here for three months. title say sign off to J' from Ifv.. aor0@ v. COVlr5e, 50 Ifv.. here for rhree /rv!00th 5. An email letter 2 I came to the UK. I want to st udy English. • Remember to write who the email is 1 to and

3 The course is great. I'm meeting a lot of new • Give the email a 3 __ in the subject line. friends. • Use appropriate phrases to open the letter,

ask or 4 __ how things are, end the email 4 I didn't want to live in a hostel. I decided to and 5 stay with a family. • Use and, but, because ari d so to write longer sentences and make your email more interesting. 5 I'm staying in London. I want to visit other English cities too.

8 Read the task and then write your email. Use 5 Read Klara's email and tick (J') true or cross (X) the strategies in exercise 7 to help you. false. You are doing a language course in the UK and staying with a family. Email your British To: [email protected] friend and inform him/her: From: kl [email protected] • why you are in the UK and where you are Subject: news ----_.- staying Dear Dan, • about the course and your new friends at ow are you? I hope that you are well. 1 I want the language school o hear all about your course. 2 There are no • how long you are going to stay and that problems here, things are okay. I am very busy you hope to see him/her next week. at school. I am gOing to a concert tomorrow. 3 I haven't got any more news. 4 I really want soon !) I want to hear about to see y ou . Write . what you're dOing. Speaking Klara Going shopping 9 Complete the dialogue between Julie (J) and a shop assistant (A) with the phrases below. 1 D She divides the email into paragraphs. 2 D She doesn't use short forms. try it on pay by card fitting room What size J' Medium receipt 3 D She uses informal email expressions. a bigger size enter your PIN number 4 D She signs off correctly. 5 D She uses exclamation marks for emphasis. Assistant: Hi. Can I help you? 6 D She doesn't use conjunctions (and, but, Julie: Yes, I'm looking for a party dress. Do you because, so) to make her writing more have anything in red? interesting. A: 1 Whv.t 5rze are you looking for?

J: 2 , please. 6a Read Klara's email again and match the underlined expressions 1-5 with the informal A: What about this one? email expressions a-e. J: It's lovely. Can I 3 ? a D How's the course going? A: Yes, of course. The 4 is over there. b D I think that's everything. J: It's too small. Could I have 5 ? A: Here you are. c D I miss you all! 6 J: It's perfect. Is it okay if 1 ? d D Everything's fine here. A: Sure, no problem. Can you 7 , please? e D I'd love to hear all your news. J: Sure. b Write Klara's email from exercise 5 correctly. A: Here's your 8 ____ • Enjoy th.e party! 27 Vocabulary Grammar Education Wishes and intentions

1 Match a verb from column A with a noun from 3 CI) Use the prompts to make sentences with column B. going to and planning to. A B 1 lan/plan/be a journalist drop~a an exam ./00. r5 p/00.0.r0.9 ro be 0j0l-1r0.0!r5! 2 take b a subject 2 we/not go to/study/French 3 pass c a foreign language 4 goto d an exam 3 I/go to/have a gap year S study e good marks 6 get f secondary school 4 Mark and Simon/plan/go to Italy

2 Complete the text with the words below. S she/not plan/do Art GCSE exams mixed schools .I marks single-sex schools high school students course A-levels university compulsory 6 they/go to/go to university

4 CI) Complete the sentences with the correct form School in the UK of the verbs in brackets. James wOl-1!d ((/::'e fo be (would like/be) a lawyer. In. Britain, most students go to 1 fv1ixed 5CMOO!5 With boys and girls in the same class, but some 2 Kate ______(want/study) Art at university. students go to 2 • It's 3 We (would like/learn) another skill. 3 - _____ to study Maths, English 4 John (not want/have) a gap year. and a foreign language. You take your 4 S They (not want/go) to university. ------when you are sixteen years old and your 5 when you are eighteen 5 C**) Put the words in the correct order to make years old. After that, if you want, you can go to questions. 6 - ----_. If you want to do a popular planning to/go/to/you/university/are ? - _____ Iike Law or Psychology, you Arc V;Z0l-1 p(00.0.(h9 ro 90 1-0 l-10.rVC.Y'5(rV;Z7 need good 8 ______in your exams. In *5, ./ 0fv1. the USA, 9 can study practical subjects like driving too. 2 you/what/going to/study/are?

QUIET 3 have/like to /would/you/a gap year?

4 English/are/planning to/use/in the future/you?

S would/visit/like to/you/where?

6 be/want to/do/in the future/you/what?

28 6 (**) Read about Martin's plans and wishes for Grammar reference the next few years and make sentences. Wishes and intentions Intentions travel for three months ./ going to, planning to not go straight to university We often use going to + infinitive to describe future intentions, either in the near or distant future: have a gap year I'm going to have a party for my birthday this year. Wishes I'm not going to get married. travel around Asia ./ work for a charity organisation In the same way we can use planning to + infinitive. study Geography at university She's planning to study Law. What are you planning to study? • rle 's @O(h@ fo/Plt?>hh(h@ to h-t?>vel for Notice! r-t'we e rv-. ° h fh s. We don't need to repeat the verb go: 2 rle Wt?>ht-S fo/l-Ie 'd lif.e t-o h-t?>vel t?>roVlhd We're not going (to go) swimming on Saturday. As(?!. 3 want to, would like to 4 Both verbs describe future wishes. They are followed 5 by an infinitive: 6 Does she want to go to university? They don't want to study abroad. 7 C***) Complete the dialogue between Danny They'd (= would) like to travel next summer. (D) and his French friend, Simone (S) with the correct form of going to or would like and the Would like to sounds more polite than want to so we verbs in brackets. often use it in invitations: D: Hi, Simone! I passed all my exams! Would you like to come to my party next weekend? 5: That's fantastic! So, what are your plans? What Notice! 1 t?>re ljIOVl @O(hgt to do (do) now? Would like to is often used in questions but it isn't D: Well, I've got a place at university next year. I used in the negative ~ery much. 2 (not go) this year

because I 3 (take) a gap year first.

5: Oh really? What 4 ______(do)? D: Well, I'm not sure. I think I ______(go) to France for a few months because I ______(study) French at university, as you know. 5: Sounds great. 0: But I haven't got much money, so I ______(find) a job in France. Maybe you could help me, Simone?

5: Sure. What 8 (do) here? Have you got any ideas?

D: Well, I'm not sure. I 9 ______(work) in a bar or a shop to practise my French. 5: Great. I got a job last week, I 10 (work) in a friend's shop for the summer. I'll ask if there's a job for you too. D: That's fantastic, Simone. 5: I'll phone you next week. Bye for now. 0: Bye! 29 Vocabulary Getting a j ob

1 Match the pictures 1-5 with the descriptions below. fill in an application form start work do a part-time job look for vacancies .I get a job offer

4 0-==

(OOK for VtJ>CtJ>hC((>5 3 5

2 Complete the leaflet with the words below. Grammar write your CV earn some money Gerunds and infinitives an application form adverts .I go for an interview fill in receive 3 CI) Are the verbs below followed by a gerund or an infinitive? Put the verbs in the correct column. love.l decide expect spend time Jobs and work would like want learn hate enjoy

Look through the 1 aavert5 in your local newspaper hope need forget give up try or on job websites. Gerund Infinitive Make a list of all the jobs you think are interesting

and then 2 ___ (ove If possible, phone up t ~ e companies and ask for 3

After you 4 an application form ask 4 (**) Put the verbs in brackets into the gerund or someone to check it for you. infinitive. When you 5 wear smart clothes, it's I don't mind 5r{//avp"n QI (study) hard if it helps me important to look w~lI-dressed. Remember to be on to get a good job. time! 2 Carla expects (do) well in her exams. When you 6 a job offer, phone the 3 Jake doesn't like (work) with numbers. company to accept or refuse the offer. 4 My friend hates (write) emails. After you start work and 7 it's a good idea 5 Mike would love (i nvite) Kate to the to save some every month - don't spend it all! party. 6 Edward agreed (write) the music for the film. 30 5 (**) Complete the text with the correct form of Grammar reference the verbs in brackets. Verbs with gerunds and infinitives

Verbs with infinitives -' · Hi: ·· ~~~;~~·~~i· · i ·, · ~·· s· h~ · ~~~ · ~ · f~·~~ ··N· ~~ · Y~~ ·k· ...... Some verbs are followed by the infinitive. Common verbs I'm new to this website and I hope 1 1"0 M~~e that take the infinitive are: (make) a lot of friends who like 2 agree We agreed to meet at-8 p.m. (do) the same things as me. I love--3 -- decide He decided to apply for the job. (draw) and 4 (paint) and really enjoy forget She forgot to post the letter. 5 (be) creative. I'm in my last year at expect They didn't expect to win. school and I plan 6 (go) to art college help Can you help me to move it? next year. In the future I'd like 7 (work) hope I hope to find a good job. ~s a ~raphic designer. I spend a lot of my free intend I intended to ask h/m, but I forgot. time (listen) to musIc from all over learn I learnt to use a computer. the world and I intend 9 (viSit) lots of need You need to know what you want. countries when I start 10 (earn) money. plan Marta is planning to change jobs. Posted by: Shannon refuse He refused to help them. try I tried to do the exercise, but I couldn't. want We want to go to the concert. would love I would love to meet a famous actor. 6 (**) Use the verbs below to write sentences would like I'd like to find a job in my town. about yourself. enjoy./ can't stand plan love We usually use the infinitive after adjectives, for example: need don't mind interesting, difficult, easy. It's very difficult to get a good job without any experience. It's easy to travel abroad nowadays. 2 ______3 Verbs with gerunds 4 ______Some verbs are followed by the gerund. Common verbs that take the gerund are: 5 6 ______can't stand I can't stand getting up early. dislike She dislikes studying at the weekend. 7 (***) Jackie (J) is telling her friend Alex (A) don't mind I don't mind starting on a low salary. about a problem. Complete the dialogue with enjoy We enjoy doing sport. the correct form of the verbs below. finish She finished writing the email. give up He gave up asking her to go out with him. be teach practise learn leave./ help hate I hate being cold. live do employ meet speak like They like going to parties. love Mattie loves shopping. J: Help! My parents are driving me crazy. I want miss I miss seeing you every day. 1 1-0 Ie.t?lve. home. stop He stopped reading his book. A: What? You enjoy 2 with them! spend time Amy spends a lot of time reading. J: Usually ... but last month they decided ___ a new nanny for my younger sister We usually use the gerund after prepOSitions, for

and I can't stand 4 with her. example: at, about, by.

A: Why not? You usually love 5 new Are you worried about finding a job? people. He learned English by listening to pop songs. J: Well, she's Spanish and she only started ___ English last week. Now my parents Notice! expect me 7 her with her homework Some verbs can be followed by the infinitive or gerund every night. I don't mind 8 it with no change of meaning, for example: start. sometimes but they want me 9 to her He started learning English when he was ten. all the time in English. He started to learn English when he was ten. A: Look, you need 10 your Spanish. I'm

sure she wouldn't mind 11 you some Spanish too. You should talk to your parents. J: Good idea, I will. 31 Vocabulary Reading Describing jobs 4 Look at the web page and choose the best answer. 1 Match the descriptions of jobs 1-6 with the words below. 1 The web page is for a employers who have jobs for students. graphic designer nanny./ IT consultant accountant sales representative b students who want to take a gap year. social worker S Read the dictionary extracts and the text about I'm good with children. I look after two gap years on page 33. Match the headings a-f with the correct paragraph 1-5 in the text. children every day. h(?!0.ht;' There is one heading you do not need. 2 I work in a big company and look after the money. internship n In America, an internship is a job 3 I work with a computer and design magazines. that a student does for a short time to get career related work experience ~p t·Ion n a choice you can make 4 I travel a lot and sell my company's products. III a particular situation

placement n a job which gives you experience 5 I work with different people and help them with their problems. of a particular type of work 6 I'm good with computers. I design a What sort of programmes are there? programmes and solve problems in computer systems. b What do we do? c How often do students take part in the 2 Find six words to describe jobs. programmes? d How can a gap year help me? w d r 9 v x r y ? e What is a gap year? e c e I h n s z t f What are the jobs like? I r w a c x e a r I e a m s r c f e 6 Read the text again and tick (./) true or cross (X) false. - a r 0 w u 0 s 9 10 All European students now take gap years. P t d r 0 h r k s 20 The Center for Interim Programs works with a i i 0 v y e w f one main organisation. The Center for Interim Programs only has i v n u y y p 0 u 30 information about a few study programmes. d e s j d x k 9 0 40 It's a good way to find out what you do well. You can live with a family in another 3 Underline the correct words to complete the 50 country on some programmes. sentences. You can earn a lot of money doing this I earned a lot of money in my last job. The kind of job. salarY/application form was very good. 2 I'm looking for a stressful/temporary job this summer. I only want to work for two months. 3 I didn't have any experience/employers when I started this job, I had to learn a lot. 4 I want a creative career/accountant because I love working with my hands. 5 My employers/workers are great to work for. The manager is really good with people. 6 I have to work long hours and there's always too much work. My job is very glamorous/ stressful. 7 I don't earn much money because my job isn't rewarding/well-paid, but I love my job! 32 Are you finishing school and planning to go to university? If you want to g et some job experience or travel, then think about taking a gap year. You'll love it!

CD ------ow, many students in Europe don't go straight to university, they take a gap year. During their gap year they travel abroad, engage in internships, study or volunteer to help others. In the United States taking this kind of time is also described as a gap year. @ ------There are thousands of options to ® ------choose from! You can choose anything The Center f or In terim Programs helps from cultural study programmes to young people find gap year options. We job-like internships at home or abroad. work with many organisations all over We have cultural study programmes in the world to find placements for young Nepal, Ghana and Central America. You people. We have information about over stay with a local family and study the 5 200 options. We work with you to language, history or art history of that identify programmes that match your country. We have all kinds of jobs - from inter ests and experience. working with children or animal-like placements to working in an office.

® ------It can help you in many ways! For most ® ------young people this is the first time they The jobs won't be too stressful because travel alone or have a job-like placement. someone is there to look after you. You It is a chance to grow up - and to get don't get paid for the jobs, but they are some great work experience. You can very rewarding, and you learn a lot. explore your talents and find out what you are good at - if you are good with people or with your hands, for example.

33 - m -- Reading aDaa"d ~ " ~ "'::,,:""''''' -~- True/False Style Online Every week Kathy answers your questions about To decide if a sentence is true or false, look in the fashion. text for the same information in different words. My brother Nick and I have been invited to a party at my Sometimes you will see a synonym of a word, mum's office. The invitation says 'Dress code: smart casual.' an antonym or a longer phrase with the same or What exactly are 'smart casual' clothes? question posted by JennyD opposite meaning. Smart casual clothes are smarter than casual clothes but more casual than smart clothes ... It is a style which shows you are relaxed, but tidy and well-dressed. 1 Match a word from column A with a word which You have probably seen the clothes your parents or means the same from column B. other adults wear to work: a suit, shirt and tie for a A B man, and a suit (trousers plus jacket or skirt plus jacket) and a smart blouse for a woman. These are traditional big a unhappy business clothes. In smart casual style a suit is not 2 depressed b everybody necessary, and the clothes can be brighter and more 3 everyone c large colourful.

2 Match a word from column A with a word which Nick can wear good quality cotton trousers with a shirt or polo shirt plus a jacket or a smart sweater. A tie is not means the opposite from column B. necessary, but clean shoes are! A B Jenny - you can be quite creative. Choose a fashionable expensive a dark skirt or trousers with a matching top, a sweater or 2 tidy b cheap cardigan plus some jewellery. Don't forget a smart bag. 3 bright c messy What's too casual? Mini skirts and baggy trousers are not suitable. Not all companies allow jeans, even at 3 Tick (w") the sentences that mean the same and office parties. Jewellery is okay, but your mum's boss cross (X) the different one in each item. might not like to see piercings (except earrings) and tattoos. 1 a [Z] She's got a very big flat. Some people say they cannot afford 'smart casual' b [Z] Her flat is really large. clothes! They say a suit is always a suit, even if it's c [K] Her flat is quite small. cheap, but casual clothes are 'smart' only when they are fashionable deSigner items. But a creative teenager can 2 spend £ 15 at a second-hand shop and be the best­ a D These shoes were not expensive. dressed person at the party! b D These shoes cost a lot. c D These shoes were cheap. 3 Listening a D Some people in my class like shopping. Note taking b D All the people in my class like shopping. c D Everybody in my class likes shopping.

4 Read the text and the statements 1-5. Underline Before you listen always read the task carefully the words or phrases in the text which are related and think about what you might hear. This can to each statement. Tick (w") true or cross (X) false. help you to predict some of the answers. D Smart casual clothes can be a bit messy. 2 D Smart casual clothes are usually a dark colour. 5 Read the listening task in exercise 6. What kind 3 D Your shoes must not be dirty. of information is missing from each gap? 4 D Some companies accept jeans. a an adjective d a date 5 D Some people say smart casual clothes are b a noun e a word someone is too expensive for them. c a number going to spell 34 6 CD Listen to a head teacher giving a short talk 8 Choose the best word a, b or c to complete the to some foreign students who want to join the text. The highlighted words help you. school. Complete the missing information. My dreams ,- , 'd My most important dream is to live In the ~ountrys l e. RU5tington School . 1 t/J outdoors and working with animals. I 2 -, I en oy' - d I L:;: e 3 at a National Biology at the university now an ,,0 - • 4 Rustington is a private I school. Park in the future. At the moment I've got a a: t- Im ~ - The fi rst gi rls joined the school In 2__ , at the zoo . It's not very well-paid, but I save a little b~t of th 5 some day I want to have a ouse Number of students: 3 --- money every mon , - . 6 our in the country - not a very big one, but bigger - 'Y Compulsory subjects for GCSE students: English, fiat in the city. Some people think I 'm cr~zy . They say, ou Mathematics and 4 --- speak foreign languages, you are good with numbersk~ou Year 10 class teacher: Miss Heather 5 Id 7 a ot of money!' But) don't wa~t to wor ong ------~~~rs 8 _ an office. I want to live in a qUiet place, do S c ~ ool u,niform: 6 jumper and tie, what I like and be happy. wh ite shi rt, grey trousers/skirt --~~~~.~~~~~~

1 a being b to be c be 2 a studied b was studying c am studying Use 01 English 3 a working b to work c worked 4 a work b job c vacancy Gap fill: choose the correct answer 5 a because b so c but 6 a as b too c than ';:£'". 7 a earn b do c spend In gap-fill tasks you may have to choose the right 8 a to b at c in verb form, preposition, linking word, collocation or part of a fixed phrase. First look at the words before and after the gap and then the whole Speaking sentence to decide the correct answer. Guided conversation

9 Read the exam task and complete the 7 a Choose the best word a, b or c to complete the conversation with the words below. sentences. The underlined words help you. Look at the pictu res of 1 I can't stand ~ homework on Sunday evening. possible birthday presents for a friend. Talk together do b to do c doing a about the advantages and 2 There's a sofa the middle of the room. disadvantages of these a on b in c at ideas and decide which 3 She usually _ smart clothes. present to buy a carries b wears c puts best both like looks'/ more 4 I some new clothes last week. enough than about too a buy b am buying c bought A: So, what shall we buy for Annie?

5 My room is very small, _I like it. B: How about this watch? It 1 1001:.5 nice. a because b if c but A: I'm not sure. I like it, but I don't think it is big _ ___ for her. You know her style. b What helped you choose the correct answers B: True. So what do you suggest? in exercise 7a? Match the following questions A: I really 3 the watch. with sentences 1-5. B: I do too, but it looks 4 expensive. a ~ What preposition do I need in this phrase? A: Yes, you're right. How 5 the book? b D Do we use a gerund or an infinitive after B: It looks interesting. But personally, I think this verb? the CD is the 6 idea. She likes pop music. c D Which word links t he two parts of this A: I think the book is 7 ____ interesting sentence well? ____ the CD. d Which verb can we use before this noun? D B: Why don't we buy them 9 ____ ? They'll e D Is the sentence about a present or a past still be cheaper than the watch. action? A: Good idea. 3S se -assessment

Vocabulary & Grammar 4 Underline the correct words to complete the sentences. 1 Underline the word that you cannot use with His winter coat was much more expensive the words in bold. than/as/from mine. casual/well-dressed/smart clothes 2 Helen's planning work/to work/working in a big 2 tight/straight/dyed hair company for a few years. 3 owe/afford/spend money 3 Are/Oo/Would you want to go to the cinema 4 secondary/single-sex/temporary school with us? S part-time/compulsory/school subject 4 Tom's bad/worse/the worst student in our class. 6 stressful/ secure/mean job S What are you going/want/like to do after school? 6 My mum thinks I'm not enough old/enough not 2 Complete the sentences with one word in each old/not old enough to have a piercing. gap. 7 Would you like study/to study/studying at 1 Medicrirle is one of the most popular Oxford University? university courses because many young people want to become doctors. 2 Could you me some money, 5 Complete the sentences with the comparative John? 1/11 pay you back tomorrow. or superlative form of the adjectives from the 3 How many A-levels are you planning to box below. Add any necessary words. _____ next year? comfortable tidy.l rewarding short 4 This is my first job so I don't have any baggy messy good

1 My room isn't ?is trd'1 ?is my brother's. S At a job they always ask you 2 Tom's quite good at Maths but I think I'm about your qualifications. _____ with numbers than him. 6 My new dress came from a very cheap shop 3 I don't like cleaning. My mum says my and only cost £ 10. It was a real _____ bedroom's room in the house. 7 Our grandmother is very . She 4 I think this sweater's _____ for you. Is always gives us presents and money. it your older sister's? 8 Your hair is too _____ . Do you want me S Bethany's hair is _____ Hannah's. to cut it a little for you? 6 This is armchair in our house. 7 I get a lot of satisfaction in my new job. My last 3 Complete the gaps with the correct form of the job wasn't this one. verbs in brackets. 1 I hate fjeftrirlg l/fP (get up) early. 2 She expects (begin) work next Monday. 3 I don't mind ______(wait) for you after school. 4 They learnt (swim) when they were in primary school. S 11m a vegetarian and I really don't miss ______(eat) meat. 6 Do you enjoy ______(go) to parties? 7 Susan tried (learn) Chinese but it was too difficult for her.

36 Reading Communication 6 Read the holiday brochure and match the 7 Underline the correct words in the first line of people 1-7 with the best place A- C for their each dialogue. Then choose the second line from summer holiday. the options below. 1 A: Excuse me, do you have this jacket in a smaller size/number? B: d Are you plann ing to work for the ra dio in th e future? 2 A: Can I try this dress on/out? Come to sunny Bournemouth on the south coast of B: EnQland ~nd get some experience on our amateur radio station .. Ou r team report what's happening 3 A: Can I help/serve you? and play mUSIc fo r loca ls and tourists. Th ey spend B: se~eral hours each day making and broadcasting rad .l o pr?grammes but there's still free time to go 4 A: Is it okay if I pay/buy by credit card? sWimming and rela x. You can come to work in your B: shorts and go to the bea ch when you finish! 5 A: I think these jeans are too/enough small for No experience necessa ry. Ca ll 0800 222 2222 for more Information. Learn abo ut rad io for only £320 for me. Could I have a bigger size? two weeks or £450 fo r three weeks. B: •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• La Esperanza, Honduras a I'm sorry but we've only got them in size ten Want to d9 something different this summer? Have and twelve. y?U ever looked after younger brothers or sisters, b I'm just looking, thanks. nlece~ or nephews? Come to La Esperanza and work In a I

37 .. easy to do €D a bit harder €I:D extra challenge

Vocabulary Grammar Healthy lifestyle should and shouldn't 1 Complete the sentences with the words below. 4 GJ Complete the advice with should or shouldn't. cakes ready meals vegetables sleep soft drinks exercise fresh fruit ./ Robbie smokes three packets of cigarettes a fast food water day. He 5i1oV/(d stop smoking. Doctors say it's good to eat five pieces of fre5i1 2 Marian sleeps for ten hours every night. frvlff and every day. She sleep so much. 2 Swimming is very good ____ 3 Jenny never stays in and is doing badly at 3 I try to for eight hours every night. school. 4 We should drink two litres of every day. She go out every night. S All and are full of sugar. 4 Peter has a bad heart. 6 Pizza and hamburgers are ____ He eat a lot of salt. 7 You don't have to cook ____ S Polly can't get up in the morning. 2 Underline the correct words to complete the She buy an alarm clock. sentences. 6 Colin is always hungry in the morning because Fast food makes you put on/lose weight. he doesn't eat breakfast. 2 A lot of salt is good/bad for your heart. He ____ have breakfast every morning. 3 Water/Sugar is good for your skin. 4 Cakes containicomplain a lot of sugar. must and mustn't S Jane eats lots of fruit and vegetables. She has a 5 GJ Complete the text with must and mustn't. healthy/unhealthy diet. 6 Chocolate loses/gives you lots of energy.

3 Complete the text about Gemma with the words below. The Golden Rules fresh fruit ./ exercise vegetables low fat of Climbing weight sugar healthy diet sweets Climbing is great fun, but \ energy milk you 1 W, V/ 5T be carefu I! You r 2 __ climb alone, it's dangerous, you 3 ____ Gemma's healthy day! climb with a partner or Gemma is seventeen years old and she loves a group of people. You gymnastics. She started classes when she was six 4 wear good years old. She has a big breakfast every morning. climbing shoes and you First, she has 1 fre5i1 frV/{r and then she has :, use a rope. You cereal with 2 . This gives her the 6 climb if you feel ill and you 7 ...-'-_rr ---she needs to do a lot of 4 at the gym. She trains every day and it's very eat before you climb - important that she doesn't put on too much you need lots of energy! 5 . If she needs an energy boost in the afternoon she sometimes eats a few 6 ____ 111 because they contain a lot of 7 . She eats lots of 8 and drinks 9 ___ _ milk because it's important to her to have a 10

38 houldn't and must/mustn't Grammar reference 6 CD Underline the correct verbs to complete should, shouldn't, must, mustn't · the text. Form: must have a good night's //You/He/She/ sleep. + We/YoulThey should drink a lot of water. must n'ot (mustn't) miss //You/He/She/ Football is one of the most popular games in breakfast. We/YoulThey the world - but how much do you know about it? should not (shouldn't) drive You' must/mustn't kick the ball with your foot - everywhere. but you 2 look around before you kick //you/he/she/we/you/they should/must ? Should so you know where your team mates are! You exerCise more?

3 mustn't/shouldn't kick other players - it's against Short Yes, //you/he/she/we/you/they should. the rules. The goalkeeper can touch the ball, but answers No, //you/he/she/we/you/they shouldn't.

the other players 4 mustn't/shouldn't touch the ball with their hands. You 5 mustn't/shouldn't eat a big Wh- questions meal just before the game, it's not a good idea. What should I do? After the game, you 6 should/must have a shower Where should we park the car? and then relax. Use of should and must: We use should/shouldn't + infinitive (without to) to say that something is a good or bad idea or to give and ask 7 (**) Rewrite the sentences so the meaning for advice: is the same. Use should/shouldn't and must/ mustn't. Most people should do more exercise. You shouldn't eat too much salt. It's a good idea to wear comfortable shoes Should / take the exam again, do you think? when you do sport. You sho",,,(d wec.r cOfv.(ortc.ble Shoes We use must/mustn't + infinitive (without to) to give wheYl lJovr do z,port strong advice or rules. 2 It's very important to follow the rules in sport. You must study harder to pass this exam. You fvlwst follow the rvrles r"rl z,port Pupils mustn't run in the corridors. 3 It's against the rules to pick up the ball in Notice! football. We don't often use in questions, except You ______must when someone is asking themselves a 4 It isn't a good idea to go out the night before question: your exams. What must / do? You ______To ask about strong advice or rules we usually use have to: 5 It's a good idea to do some exercise every day. You ______Do you have to wear a school uniform? 6 It's very important not to go swimming after you eat a big meal. you ______7 It's very important to have a healthy diet. you ______8 It's a good idea to sleep eight hours every night. you ______

39 Vocabulary Grammar Food and drink Articles: a/an, the, zero article (0) 1 Add two words from the words below to each 4 GJ Complete the sentences using a/an or the. list. Can you add more words? 1 Natasha is ~ Psychology student. apples onions pasta lemonade 2 Ricky plays the piano in _ London National yoghurt lettuce./ sausages grapes Orchestra. bacon potatoes steak orange juice 3 Kate would like to be arch itect. milk cornflakes cheese bananas 4 Annie is _ secretary for _ important milkshake chicken rice business woman. You can't cook: lemonade, lett-VIce, __ 5 Ryan wants to be _ most famous actor in world. 2 Good things for breakfast are: cornflakes, 6 Lewis works for _ American company. 5 C** ) Choose the best sentence a or b for each 3 Sweet things: bananas, __, __ situation. 4 Good things for sandwiches are: chicken, You're in a bookshop. You say a I'm looking for a book about keeping fit. 5 Food you can eat without cooking: yoghurt, b I'm looking for the book about keeping fit. --,-- 6 Your favourite food: __, __ 2 You are a teacher. You say 2 Complete the sentences with the words below. a I work in a big school. b I work in the big school. bar loaf glass./ piece cans packets carton plate bottle box 3 You and your friend want to go out for a meal. You say 1 I need a gtlv. 55 to pour my lemonade into. a I like Chinese food. 2 There's a of cheese on the table. b I like the Chinese food. 3 I bought a of bread at the supermarket. 4 There are some of lemonade in the 4 You're in a town you don't know. You want to fridge. go out. You say 5 Can you buy a of milk when you go a Let's go to a disco. shopping? b Let's go to the disco. 6 I'm having a of cake with my coffee. 5 You want to catch a train. You say 7 The of cornflakes is on the table. a Where's nearest train station? 8 I had a of chocolate after my lunch. b Where's the nearest train station? 9 Can you buy two of rice today, please? 10 The children have a of orange juice 6 C**) Underline the correct words to complete for their breakfast. the sentences. I think the/a/~ diet is important for the/ale 3 Match the people 1-5 with the food and drink sports stars. a-e. 2 I've got the/an/e exam tomorrow. It's in the/ale 1 Sam wants to have a healthy lunch. afternoon. 2 Mario wants a snack and a drink. 3 Our science teacher sa ys the/ale cereals give 3 Zoe needs to have breakfast in a hurry. you the/ale energy. 4 Ben is very, very thirsty. 4 This magazine article says that th e/ale olive oil 5 Susan is in a fast food restaurant. is good for your skin. 5 We have the/ale breakfast at 7 a.m. I have a some cereal with milk the/ale piece of toast and the/ale cu p of tea. b a bottle of water 6 I've got the/ale football match after school. c a biscuit and a milkshake The/A/e match starts at 4.30 p.m. d a steak and chips e a plate of salad and a piece of fruit 40 7 (**) Complete the sentences with a/ an, the or the zero Grammar reference article (0). a/an or the? 1 Vicky is f! student doctor and she works in _ small We use a/an to talk about one of many. hospital. Neil is a boy in my class at school. 2 Carrie is _ English gymnast in _ national team. (= there are many boys)

3 Paul is _ American graphic designer and he designed We use the for things that.are unique - there is _ company's logo. only one of them. . 4 Ruben works for _ multinational company and he The president of our country lives in the capital travels allover world. city. S Melanie works at _ information desk in _ busy (= there is only one president and only one airport in _ Spain. capital city) 6 James is _ managing director of _ new company. We only use a/an to talk about things for the 8 (***) Read the text about Chloe and complete the gaps first time. I bought a car a few weeks ago. with a/an, the or the zero article (0). (= the first time I talk about this car) After that we use the. I bought the car from my uncle.

a/an We use a/an to: I'm Chloe, I'm 1.6. student nurse • talk about jobs from Manchester. 2_ hospital is My mum's an accountant, and my dad's a teacher. one of 3_ busiest in 4 city so I'm always busy at 5= wo~k . • with expressions of quantity I try to have 6_ good breakfast Would you like a glass of water? with 7_ bowl of cereal and 8 They have a lot of money. carton of yoghurt. I often have 9 • With these time expressions cu p of coff~e or tea when I feel sleepy three times a day, twice a week ~nd sometimes I have 10_ apple or 11 _ orange and - bar of chocolate for energy. When I'm not workin the y I eat :er ~ealthy food. I have lots of 13_ vegetables g 1 We use the with: :nd _ fish and 15_ fresh fruit. That compensates or all 16_ fast food I eat at 17 _ work! • superlative adjectives Jo is the best rl,lnner in our class. • parts of the day Grammar Plus: More phrases with a, the and (0) I hate getting up in the morning.

9 (**) Complete the email with a/an, the or the zero • these phrases in the world, article (0). the whole thing/day/class : To: g.holloway2@bmaillcom zero article 0 From: [email protected] We do not use articles: Subject: School in my country • when we talk about thing$ in general Footballers shouldn't eat big meals before HI Greg! matches. You asked about school In my country. Well, I go to , 1 ¢ school five days 2 _ week - and I have extra • when we talk about meals and meal times classes on Saturday too! From Monday to Friday I go I usually have breakfast at school and lunch at 3 home at four o'clock. We have the best English home. teacher In 4 _ world, she's great! We have English • with phrases with go classes three times ~ _ week. We have special go home/to school/to work , 6 th too 7 whole 'English Days once _ mon ' - class goes to the cinema to see a film In Engli sh - : It'S fun! We practise our Engli sh In 8 _ afternoon because we talk about the fil m In English after What about your school? Best Wishes, 41 Paolo Listening Reading 1 CD Listen to a TV quiz. Complete the 4 Read the introduction to Helen's blog. What kind of sentences with the correct name, Jamie diary is it? Anne or Bob. 1 an exercise diary __ thinks people really like chicken 2 a sleep diary and steak. 3 a food diary 2 __ thinks the largest turkey in the world is around twenty kilogrammes. 5 Read Helen's blog and match the missing phrases a-f to the correct place 1-6 in the text. 3 __ says it's dangerous for dogs to eat chocolate. a I had a cup of tea 4 is sure that Americans love b I cooked some bacon and eggs peanut butter. c Today was a very unhealthy day S __ is not sure when people first ate d because I was late for school crisps. e There was nothing to eat in the fridge 2 CD Listen again and choose the f so I ate it correct answers. 6 Guess if the sentences are true or false. Then read the The most popular types of meat in blog again and tick (.I) true or cross (X) false. restaurants last year were 1 Monday isn't the first day of the homework diary. a hamburgers, steak and beef. D b bacon, chicken and steak. 2 D Helen didn't eat all her cereal on Monday. c hamburgers, chicken and beef. 3 D Helen didn't have breakfast on Tuesday. 4 Lisa had a sandwich at home with Helen for 2 The largest turkey ever was about .. . D breakfast. kilogrammes a twenty. S D Helen had two meals on Tuesday evening. b thirty. 6 D The family went out for a Chinese meal on c forty. Wednesday to celebrate their dad's birthday.

3 You need ... litres of water to grow 7 Read the blog again and choose the correct answers. one kilogramme of rice. 1 Helen is writing the food diary a fifty a because she's interested in biology. b five hundred b for two weeks to understand her food habits. c 5,000 c because she wants to be healthier.

4 Americans eat almost ... kilogrammes 2 Helen didn't eat her packed lunch on Monday because of peanuts every day. a her father made it. a one million b there was some cold chicken in it. b two million c Aziz gave her an apple. c three million 3 Helen's favourite food is S People first ate crisps in a cereals. a 1753. b spaghetti bolognaise. b 1853. c fruit. c 1953. 4 On Tuesday, Helen 3 CD Tick (.I) true or cross (X) false. Then a didn't eat much. listen again and check. b drank a lot but didn't eat much. 1 D You can eat all flowers. c ate a lot of food but didn't drink much. 2 A little chocolate is good for dogs' D S Lisa doesn't have breakfast at home because she doesn't hearts. a want to. 3 D Americans eat enough peanut b get up early enough. butter to cover the floor of the c like breakfast. Grand Canyon. 4 D Adult~ eat 66 percent of the ice­ 6 On Wednesday Helen cream in a typical home. a got up late. b had a snack for breakfast. S D At the end of the quiz, Jamie has c didn't have a packed lunch. three points. 42 Health and Me Diary This is my 'Health and Me' diary. It's homework for my Biology class. I have to write a diary of everything I eat and decide if it's healthy or not. I'm doing it for the next fourteen days to get a good idea of my food habits.

Monday 17 February Well, today is the first day. I had some fruit juice and cereal for breakfast. I didn't have time to finish the cereal 1 __. My dad made a packed lunch for me but I didn't eat it because I don't like cold chicken. Horrible! My friend Aziz gave me an apple and I ate that. I don't like fruit much, but I was hungry 2 __. Mum made my favourite dish, spaghetti bolognaise, in the evening. It was delicious. Today's health level: *** (Good, but eat more at lunch.)

Tuesday 18 February I ate a lot of food today. I was hungry ALL DAY! In the morning, I got up early and had a very big breakfast! 3 __. It was delicious! Lisa , my sister, always gets up too late to have breakfast, so she didn't have a big breakfast with me. Sometimes she has time to have an orange juice, but she never eats breakfast at home. She usually has a sandwich on the way to school! I had a bar of chocolate for elevenses. For once, my packed lunch from Dad was tasty! I ate it all because I love cheese sandwiches with tomato sauce. When I got home from school, 4__ and ate two cream cakes. For tea, I made myself a pizza and, later, I had a bowl of pasta while I was watching TV. Today's health level: ** (Not bad, but don't eat too many sweet things. Drink more water!)

Wednesday 19 February ·

5 __" I didn't have any breakfast because I felt full from yesterday's food. I· only had a snack at twelve o'clock because Dad got up late this morning and forgot to make my packed lunch. After school I was really, really hungry and I had a headache. 6 __ but luckily Dad brought home a Chinese takeaway because it was a special occasion - his birthday. Tq99.Y.'.~. h~~.I.~h .1.~.y~I.:. .~ .. (f?C?cjJ ..cjP(? Jm~~~ .rr1.~~!$..) ......

43 Writing An invitation

1 Read invitation A and answer the questions. 1 What is the title of the invitation? 4 Who is organising the event?

2 When and where is the event? 5 Can you take friends?

3 What is the reason for the event? 6 Who do you contact if you want to go?

o--~~~~~~~~~~ 3 Give the date, the time 1 ~:::t~~~~~:~t~~;'sa l.l~i('1'4~fl.i!I'U!d~I.) and the place. Use the attention: Come correct prepositions: to a party! Farewell 0 Please come to the Discover Scotland from 5 til/8 at the Cat Mrs. Smith, a S choof afternoon Restaurant, cOP'lcerf ! d ____ L--______---' Don't miss the chance to try traditional .----______----'---, Scottish food, drinks and dancing 2 Ask people to come: Bring your friends and family! 4 Give reason for a party: Please come to "., ., A party to celebrate .. ., We'd like to invite you to .,,' An evening to learn about .. ., I'm having a birthday party, On Thursday 23 September b ____ A party to say farewell to ... , at 3.30 p.m. A welcome party for ... A formal invitation usually says: in the school library We request c ____ The school English Club are holding an 5 Ask people to reply to the (= We'd like to invite you.) invitation and give a contact afternoon to learn all about Scotland. name, number or email: Ifyou want to come, contact .. . Ifyou are interested, call. .. '" If you are interested, contact Sara in class 4B RSVP (RSVP =French for 'Please RSVP reply'), e ___-1 f _ ___

2 Read invitations Band C. Add the underlined e.p~_ii~!iiiiiiiiiiil-.;;;;;;;;...•• ;;;; 1 phrases to the examples a-f in notes 1-5 above. I: To: Elizabeth Hardy From: Rebecca Oakley I School concert Subject: School music concert

Dear Aunt LIZ, , Dear Parent: Our school musIc concert IS on June 8 In the I The Headmaster, staff and students of ~chool hall at 7 p.m. and I'm gOing to be In It. Smnhills Secondary School I m plaYing the plano. I'd really love It If you request the pleasure of your company could come and see It. Mum says you can stay at the music concert overnight If you want. We're gOing out for a on June 8 2009 at 7 p.m. meal after! In the school hall. Please ring Mum If you can make It. Love Becky Guest of Honour: The Conductor of .' Manchester Orchestra

RSVP Th e school secretary 44 3 Match the sentences to the correct type of 7 Read the task and then write your invitation Use invitation A, B or C. the strategies in exercise 6 to help you. A Fancy dress party B Tra ditional food party You are a student on a course in the UK. You are C Farewell pa rty organising an evening abou t traditional dishes 1 0 Please come to the Span ish Cooking and food from your country. You want to invite even ing! your friends from the course. Write an invitation to 2 0 We req uest the pleasure of your company this event. In your invitation:: at a goodbye party for James Swan. • explain what the event is about 3 0 We're havi ng a party for Halloween - come in fancy dress! • say where and when the event will happen 4 0 You are invited to our party. Come as a • say what dishes you're going to prepare witch or ghost! • write about what else will happen at the event. 5 0 Would you like to come to an evening of typical Spanish food? 6 0 We'd like to say goodbye to our favourite Speaking teacher. Making arrangements 4 Write a title for each invitation. Fancy dress party /-1t?,(/oNeer. P/?Irf"t1/ 8 Put the dialogue between Claire and Zoe in the correct order. 2 Traditional food party ______Zoe: That sounds great Claire! See you on 3 Farewell party o Sunday then. Bye for now. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct o Zoe: That would be lovely. What time? prepositions on, in, from, till or at. o Claire: Well how about Sunday afternoon 1 We request the pleasure of your company /?It instead? We can change the day if you like. the farewell party. o Claire: Shall we all meet at my house at 2 We're organising a summer party _ the about 1.30 p.m? Sports Club _ Wednesday. o Zoe: I'm sorry, I can't. I'm going shopping for 3 Please bring nibbles because the party will go my sister's birthday present on Saturday. on late. o Claire: Hi, Zoe. Are you free on Saturday 4 Kira is having a birthday party _ 16 afternoon? A group of us want to go horse December _ 8 p.m. riding. 5 Class four are celebrating the end of exams o Claire: Bye, Zoe. _ 7p.m. until 11 p.m. 9 Complete the dialogues with the phrases below. 6 Come _ fancy dress to the Halloween party 63 South Street. Why don't you Are you free That's a good That would be lovely Shall we meet 6 Complete the strategies box with the words Would you like to come.l How about below. I'm afraid I've got That sounds I'm sorry title unnecessary.l where and when A: Wovr/d'10vr /tKe to COMe to a party on Saturday night? An invitation B: Yes, why not? ____ great!

• Keep the invitation short. 2 A: ____ on Friday night? • Don't give' vrY\r. e ce55/?1t"'1 information. Give B: ____, I'm not. I'm going to a concert your invitation a 2 ___ with Jim on Friday. • Use short forms (We're, I'd, I'm) if you invite A: Okay, no problem. ____ Satu,rday people you know well. instead? • Give enough information to make people B: ____ idea. Thanks. interested. 3 A: ____ at 7 p.m? • Give information about 3 ___ the party or event will happen. B: a swimming class until 7.15. • Remember to tell people if they must bring A: come along at 7.30? We'll get something (dri nks, nibbles, fancy dress). the tickets and wait for you. B: ____. I'll see you at 7.30 then. 45 .. easy to do €I:J a bit harder €113 extra challenge

Vocabulary Grammar Brat camp Permission in the present

1 Underline the correct verbs. 4 CTI Look at the notice on Dominic's bedroom 1 iliWgo on with someone door. Complete the rules with can/can't. 2 make/have an argument 3 not take/not get any notice Dominic's bedroom If you come into my bedroom, 4 get/go into trouble follow these rules! go/have wrong s No! 6 do/go badly at school Don't go in when I'm at school. Don't switch off my computer. Match 1-6 with a-f to make complete sentences. 2 Never borrow my things. 1 People go Don't use my CD player. 2 Last year I got Never read my diary. 3 I have a good relationship with my parents. I Yes! get Clean my room. Bring me snacks. 4 I gave him some advice, but he didn't take Make my bed. S Mike did Help me with my homework. 6 I never have

a on with them very well. Nobody Ct?>h read Dominic's diary. wrong in life for many different reasons. 2 Visitors __ switch off Dominic's computer. c any notice. 3 Visitors __ take away dirty plates and cups. d badly in his exams last year. 4 Dominic's parents __ go into his bedroom e arguments with my sister. when he is at school. f into trouble with the police. S Mum and Dad __ make his bed. 3 Complete the text with the words below. 6 Mum and Dad __ bring him a sandwich. doing badly wrong into trouble 7 Dominic's sister __ listen to music on his CD get on with.l take any notice of arguments player. 5 (**) Complete the sentences with the correct form of be allowed to.

~When Kate moved schools last year she had a You c.re hot ,,((oNed to smoke here. lot of problems. She qidn't 1ger Oh wdfr her €) new teachers and she got 2 __ because she dIdn't do her homework. When her teachers 2 You _____ cycle here. complained, she didn't 3 __ them. In fact, ® she had 4 with most of them. She started ') __ at school and she didn't pass all her 3 ® you ______walkonthegrass. exams. Finally, her teachers talked to her parents. They found out that Kate was unhappy because she didn't have any new friends. She felt very 4 1&''eJ You ______swim here. lonely Her teachers _talked to the other students. Now Kate has lots of friends and she's doing well. Now she talks to other students who go 6 __ to S ® You ______use a phone here. help them solve their problems. 6 @ You _____ have a picnic here. 46 Obligation in the present Grammar reference 6 (**) Liz is on an exchange trip and is staying in Obligation and permission in the present a youth hostel with her classmates. Complete Form the rules with have to or don't have to. I/He/She/ltlWelYoulThey can go now. RULES FOR VISITORS: make bed s, IIWelYoulThey have to go now. He/She/It has to go now. " keep rooms tidy, cook own food at + weekends, wash up after cooking, be I am allowed to go now. quiet after 11 p.m. He/She/It is allowed to go now. WelYoulThey are allowed to go now. ... ~~~ RULES FOR HOSTEL STAFF: clean I/He/She/ltlWelYoulThey cannot (can't) go now. bathrooms, wash sheets and towels make meals during the week. ' IIWelYoulThey do not (don't) have to go now. He/She/It does not (doesn't) have to go now.

I am not ('m not) allowed to go now. 1 Visitors ht?>ve to make their beds. He/She/It is not (isn't) allowed to go now. 2 Visitors __ cook their own food during the WelYoulThey are not (aren't) allowed to go now. week. 3 Visitors __ be quiet after 11 p.m. Yes/No questions Short answers 4 Visitors clean the bathrooms. Can I/he/she/it/we/ Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they can. 5 The hostel staff __ do the washing-up. you/they go now? No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they can't. 6 The hostel staff __ do the washing. Do I/we/you/they Yes, I/we/you/they do. have to go now? No, I/we/you/they don't. Obligation and permission in the present Does he/she/it have Yes, he/she/it does. togo now? No, he/she/it doesn't. 7 (***) Complete Tom's email from a summer camp with can/can't, have to/don't have to. Am I allowed to go now? Yes, you are./No, you are not. Is he/she/it allowed to Yes, he/she/it is. go now? No, he/she/it isn't. To: [email protected] Are we/you/they Yes, we/you/they are. From: [email protected] allowed to go now? -No, we/you/they aren't. Subject: Sports Camp I· Wh- questions Dear Mum and Dad, Who can I invite to my party? Sports summer camp IS great! The days ~re How much money are you allowed to spend?

long, but fun, We 1 ht?>ve to get up at SIX every morning, We 2 only sleep Use of can/can't/have to/don't have to, be allowed tot not allowed to: late at weekends when we 3 get up until seven - can you believe it?! We • Use can + verb to talk about things that are permitted. 4 go to bed between 9 p.m and You can keep it ifyou want. 10.30 p.m, but I usually go to bed early. • Use can't (cannot) + verb to talk about things that are There are lots of actlvlt;es to choose from. . not permitted . Everyone 5 go sWimming, cycling . You can't smoke in restaurants in this country. or walking, but you 6 be over • Use have to + verb to say that something is necessary. sixteen If you want to go climbing. My grandma has to have an operation next week. Saturdays are rest days, we 7 do anything we want. Last Saturday I slept all • Use don't have to to say that something is not necessary: afternoon! Next Saturday I want to go on a I I' Daisy doesn't have to study French this year. trip to the local town, but you 8 ____ go without written permisSion from • Use to be allowed to + verb to say that something is your parents. Please write to the camp permitted. counsellors so I ca n go. We're allowed to leave school early today.

It's time for tea so I 9 go. • Use to not be allowed to + verb to say that something is Love not permitted. You aren't allowed to take these books home. Tom 47 Vocabulary Grammar Rules and behaviour Obligation and permission in the past

1 Rearrange the letters in brackets to make words 4 CI) Read the article about Amelia and to complete the text. complete it with the past form of the verbs in brackets. There aren't very many rules in my house, my parents aren't very 1 5iJrfcr(trctis) - in fact they're very 2 __ (yase-niggo). They think parents should Life in the 1800s 3 __ (diuge) their children to help them make Amelia was born the right decisions and that they shouldn't 4 __ in England in the (norolct) them too strictly. They say that you have to 1800s. Life was very be 5 (arfi) and 6 __ (nisuhp) your children different for women if they do wrong, but that you can 7 __ (rignb) in those days. She children up with a lot of 8 __ (eomdref). 1 Wt?t5n. T t?tllowea' ro (is allowed to) go to university. make and do Women 2 _ (can't) go to university 2 Complete the table with the expressions below. until almost 1900. the hoovering./ the housework Only women from phone calls the beds a phone call rich and upper nothing a mess class families 3 (are allowed to) make do study subjects such as Music, Art or the hooveY'lng French but they 4 _ (don't have to) work. In fact, many rich women 5 _ (can't) work because they didn't have enough education or training. Women from poor families 6 _ (have to) work in factories and laundries. 3 Write sentences to describe the picture using In the 1800s, a woman 7 _ (isn't allowed make and do. to) keep the money she earned from her work because she 8 _ (have to) give everything to her husband. Rich women like Amelia 9 (aren't allowed to) travel alone, someone always 10 _ (have to) accompany them. Amelia 11 (can't) go out with her friends or marry who­ she wanted. She always 12 _ (have to) have the permission and approval of her family. She 13 _ (isn't allowed to) be a doctor, lawyer or politician, in fact she 14 _ (can't) even vote. Life was very different in the 1800s1

5 (**) Read the text above again. Tick (./) true or cross (X) false. 1 D In the 1800s women could go to university. 2 D Women from rich families had to work. 3 D Women from rich families could study music or languages. 4 D Women were allowed to travel alone. 5 D Amelia couldn't marry without the permission of her fam ily. 6 D In the 1800s women could vote. 48 6 (***) Complete Sa ndra's blog with could/ Grammar reference couldn't, had to/ didn't have to or was/ wasn't allowed to. Sometimes more than one answer is Obligation and permission in the past possible. Form I/He/She/lt/We/YoulThey could stay. I/He/She/lt/We/YoulThey had to stay. + I/He/She/lt was allowed to stay. We/YoulThey were allowed to stay. I/He/She/lt/We/YoulThey could not (couldn't) stay. In the summer holidays I had a temporary job in an office. I wanted to I/He/She/lt/We/YoulThey did not (didn't) have to stay. get some work experience but there I/He/She/lt was not (wasn't) allowed to stay. were so many rules. We/YoulThey were not (weren't) allowed to stay. I 1 Y'lJt?r5h f- t?r((OY'IJed ro do anything very Yes/No questions Short answers import ant. I 2 Sit at my Could I/he/she/it Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they could. desk and answer the t elephone all day.The fi rst we/you/they stay? No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they couldn't. few days were very boring. Did I/we/you/they Yes, I/we/you/they did. I 3 ______make lots of t ea for have to stay? No, I/we/you/they didn't. everyone and do all t he little jobs t hat no one Was I/he/she/it Yes, I/he/she/it was. el se wanted to do, for example, phot ocopying. I allowed to stay? No, I/he/she/it wasn't. ______touch a computer and I Were we/you/they Yes, we/you/they were. ______talk to the boss when allowed to stay? No, we/you/they weren't. I went to complai n. I 6 ______Wh- questions w ear horrible smart clothes too and I ______wear trousers. I What subjects could your parents study? What TV programmes were you allowed to watch when you ______t ake t hirty minutes for . were young? lu nch when everybody else got forty-five minutes. Use of could/couldn't: After about a week I 9 ______do • Use could verb to talk about things that were more and the job became more interesting. I + permitted in the past. 10 learn a lot of new things Children could play in the street when I was young. quickly. It w as hard as I II ______• Use couldn't + verb to talk about things that were not remember how t o do all t he new things. In my permitted in the past. last two weeks, I 12 do some I couldn't catch the train because I didn't have my train pass. really interesting things. I'm going to work there next year and it will be fun - and hard work! Use of had to/didn't have to: • Use had to + verb to say that something was necessary in the past. My dad had to go in the army for two years. Grammar Plus: Infinitive with and without to • Use didn't have to + verb to say something was not necessary in the past. 7 CB Underline the correct verbs to complete I didn't have to wait long for a bus. the sentences. 1 I have to go/go now, I'm late. Use of to be allowed to/not allowed to: 2 You must to wear/wear school uniform, it's • Use was/were allowed to + verb to say that something obligatory. was permitted in the past. The children were allowed to stand at the front. 3 You should to talk/talk to your parents about the problem. • Use wasn't/weren't allowed to + verb to say that something was not permitted in the past. 4 Kate isn't allowed to go/ go to parties during My sister wasn't allowed to wear her new mini skirt. the week. S I don't have to get up/ get up early tomorrow. 6 You can't to leave/ leave your bicycle here.

49 Vocabulary Reading Society and the law 3 Read the title of the text and look at the cartoons. Choose the best option below, Match a verb in column A with a noun in column B. 1 then read and check your answer. A B 1 The text is about how people write new 1 steal" a a crime laws. 2 take '--7 b some money 2 The text is about funny old laws. 3 commit c the army 4 Match the underlined laws 1-4 in the text 4 join d to prison with the pictures a-d. S go e a driving test 5 Read the text. Tick (.1') true or cross (X) false. 2 Complete the crossword. 1 D All countries have laws. 2 D In Scotland, if people ask to use your bathroom, you must agree. 3 Taxis in the City of London must 4 D only carry living people. 5 4 D You are not allowed to have a bath 6 in winter in one American state. S D You can skateboard in police stations in Miami. 7 6 D You are not allowed to cut your grass on Sunday in Switzerland. 8 6 Read the text again and answer the questions. 1 Will you go to prison for breaking these old laws?

2 What must students at Trinity College have if they want a glass of wine in an exam?

Across 3 What is the punishment for stealing In many countries you have to carry .lD with you at soap in Arizona? all times. 4 Smoking is _ in many public places in the UK. You 're not allowed to smoke. 4 Can women in Michigan cut their hair when they want? 7 Which politicians are you going to _ for in the election? 8 Kate wants to _ the army. S Where are you not allowed to speak English? 9 In the UK it is _ to sell alcohol to people under the age of eighteen. 10 When you kill someone it is _ . 6 What household task can't you do on Sunday in Switzerland?

Down 2 In some countries you can get the __ if you commit a very serious crime. 3 To _ means to take things without paying for them. S When I pass my _ _ , I want to buy a car. 6 In your country, do people go to _ if they don't vote in elections? so It's the la1N! Every cou ntry in the world has laws . However in some countries, laws still exi st from hundreds of years ago whe n life was very different. These laws are still lega l, bu t they are never used nowadays because they are completely out-of­ date. Many people thi nk the government should repeal * these laws. And you certainly won 't go to prison if yo u break any of these laws!

The USA has some funny old laws, too. In Indiana 3 it is illegal to have a bath in winter. If you steal soap in Arizona - you won't get the death penalty, but you must wash yourself with the soap until you finish it. In Michigan, a woman 's hair belongs to her husband, so she is not allowed to cut her own hair without his permission. Perhaps the strangest law is from Illinois - it is illegal to speak English! In Dublin 1 in Ireland, students at Trinity College can ask for a glass of wine at any time during And he re are the laws we think are the strangest! an exam - but they must have a sword! This law In Miami, Florida, it is illegal to skateboard in is from long ago when only the sons of rich men a police station. In Switzerland it is illegal to went to university and they all carried swords. cut the grass on a Sunday, and you cannot do In Scotland , if someone comes to your house your washing, either. 4 In Colorado (USA) it is and asks to use the toilet, you have to say yes! illegal to lend your hoover to your neighbour - A strange English law says that it is illegal for so you can 't do the hoovering if you haven't got taxis in the City of London to carry dead people your own hoover. It is illegal to eat a traditional - their customers must be alive! 2 There is also Christmas cake (a mince pie) on Christmas an English law about sending letters - you must day in England! Why did these things become not put a stamp of the King or Queen upside illegal? We just don't know! down on the letter!

* When you repeal a law it stops being a law (it is not a law any more).

51 Reading The Science Lab True/False/No information Health and safety rules to the school sCien.ce lab. We hope 1 Read the following paragraph and the Welco~e you enJoy your time in the lab and learn a lot. sentences. Tick (v") true or cross (X) false or We also want you to be safe, so make sure write (?) if the text doesn't say. you always follow these rules.

OUY" sChool haS a science lab wifh lofs o~ • Students must not enter the lab without a teacher. Always wait outside. n'\odeY"n equ i pn'\enf. tven1 week we hCl~e one science lesSon in fhe lab and one In an • Put your bags on the shelf at the back of oY"d inaY"y classY"oon'\. The leSSonS in fhe lab the room. aY"e buf fheY"e aY"e a lof healfh and ~un, o~ • Students are not allowed to bring any food sa~efy Y"ules. OUY" feaCheY qave eveY"ybody or drink into the lab. a sheef wifh all fhe Y"ules. we even had fo shoW if fo oUY" paY"enfs. The feacheY" says • During experiments students must wear safety goggles. we n'\usf alwayS ~ollouJ fhe Y"ules because we don If wanf any acc i denfs. • Always listen to the teacher's instructions and do only what he/she tells you to do. D The student enjoys the lessons in the Take special care with electrical equipment. science lab. • A mess in the lab can be dangerous! 2 D The school sent a sheet with health and Containers with chemicals should be safety rules to parents. closed when nobody is using them. Always clean up carefully after experiments, 3 D Th e school created the health and safety according to the teacher's instructions. rules sheet after an accident. • You should report any accidents to the teacher immediately. If you burn your hand put it under cold water at once, then ask ' The false and 'no information' statements often for help. sound similar to something in the text. You have to find the difference. Listening Multiple choice 2 Look at the sentences you marked (X) and (?) in exercise 1. What are the differences between 4 a GJ Listen to the first part of an interview with those statements and the text? a music teacher. Answer the first question. Which phrase in the recording helped you 3 Read the health and safety rules. Tick (v") true, choose the correct option? Write it down. cross (X) false or write (?) if the text doesn't say. Underline the parts of the text which helped 1 Gerald you decide. a teaches children to play the guita r. 1 D Students are only allowed to enter the lab b composes songs for his pupil s. with a teacher. c teaches children to sing. 2 D Students can bring food into the lab but they mustn't eat it there. b GJ Read the exam tip. Listen again and correct the wrong answers in exercise 4a . 3 D Students have to wear safety goggles all the time. Itf',,1 4 D The teacher will punish students who do not listen to instructions. The wrong answer ca n use similar words to something in the record ing, but the meani ng is 5 Some of the chemicals can burn your hands. D not the same. 6 D When there's an accident, tell the teacher at once. 52 5 CD Read the questions. Then listen to 8 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. the rest of the recording and choose the cinema/evening/go/to/every/you/the/shouldn't correct answer. yOl/7 si1ol/7!dh, r g;o to th.e c(0.e~v. everv; eveh,(0.g;. After listening to TheCamivalofthe 2 tomato/sugar/an/than/a/more/apple/contains Anima/s, children have 0 An ______a draw the differen animals. 3 important/I/afternoon/an/in/match/have/the b compose their own piece of music. c imitate an elephant. 1------4 eati ng/arrived/my/whi Ie/I u nch/were/friend/we 2 The class listen to Louis Armstrong's My ______song 5 minerallbottle/have/a/water/I/can/of a and then they sing it themselves. Can ? b after they sing it themselves. 6 family/breakfast/usually/what/have/for/does/your c because the tea cher likes jazz. What ? 3 The children a mustn't stand up during lessons. Speaking b sometimes damage the instruments. Photo description c enjoy dancing. 9 Read the exam task and complete the comparison of Use of English the two photos with the words below. Jumbled sentences Look at the two photos and compare them.

When putting jumbled sentences in order, pay attention to both meaning and grammar, for example: singular/plural, articles before nouns, prepositions and word order in questions.

6 Underline the two words that can follow the first word in each line. 1 He &are/was/were 2 an ath/ete/vo/unteer/orange/strawberry 3 enjoy read/swimming/swim/reading 4 have go/to go/studying/to study

7 Put the words in the correct order. meal/healthy/a

v. i1ev.!th.v; ~ev.! 2 me/than/older while too than on the right on the left first both'/ 3 dol live/you/where In 1 both. photos the women are eating. But in the ------? photo 2 __ , the food is healthier 3 __ in the other 4 evening/the/in one. I can see a plate of salad and a glass of juice. This kind of food is good for you. In the photo 4 __ the woman is eating things which are bad for her: a big hamburger and some chips. She is also eating 5 __ quickly, 6 __ the woman in the 7 __ photo is enjoying a slow, relaxed meal. It is a much healthier way of having a meal. S3 se f-assessmen

Vocabulary & Grammar 4 Complete the sentences with a modal verb from box A and a verb from box B. 1 Underline the correct words to complete the A can't didn't have to don't have to .I sentences. shouldn't could should had to must We usually have tea/breakfast/dinner at 8 a.m. 2 I'm sorry but I don't eat sausages!cabbage/rice. join stop lose make.l eat I'm a vegetarian. B punish vote do 3 My Maths teacher is very fair/easy-going/strict. Mum, you dOh 1- ht?tve to fvo..t?t/::.e sandwiches We have to sit quietly in his lessons. for me. I'm not hungry. 4 Can you get a box/loaf/packet of bread? 2 When I was a child, teachers ______S I made/had/did a big argument with my parents children by hitting them on the hand when yesterday. they behaved badly. Now it's not permitted. 6 Have some more onions/lettuce/grapes. Fruit is 3 I think you some weight, Peter. good for you. You eat unhealthy foods and are unfit. 7 I like most dairy products, especially cheese/ 4 In my country you for a pasta/bacon. president until you're eighteen. S John has a bad heart and smokes twenty cigarettes a day. He smoking 2 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. immediately. 1 The Neapolitan pizza is the Italian national dr5h. 6 Mum the cooking yesterday. We 2 Can I have a glass of orange ? all went to a restaurant. 3 I don't on well with my new boss. 7 My grandfather the army in 4 Sarah on a lot of weig ht at 1939. He was a very young soldier. Christmas. She needs to eat less now. 8 You ______so many biscuits. It's not S Can I use your mobile? I need to a good for you. phone call to my father. 6 Chocolate biscuits a lot of sugar. Read about Jane's eating habits. Complete the 7 I have to the ironing. 5 gaps in the text with a, an, the or 0 (zero article). 8 Can I have one more of cheese, please? By Jane Perkins 171 Our Eating Habits 3 Underline the correct forms to complete each sentence. Personally, I think 1 ~ teenagers don't care When I was in primary school we must/had to about what they eat. Most of us know a I ittle bit wear a terrible dark blue school uniform. about 2 __ food and what's good for us. But 2 We don't have to/shouldn't get up early we don't think about it when we have 3 lunch or go out for 4 __ meal. 5 meal I tomorrow - it's Saturday! had yesterday was not very healthy. I went to 3 Were/Did your grandparents allowed to come 6 __ fast food restaurant and bought two home after 11 p.m. on Saturday nights? cheeseburgers with chips. So in 7 __ evening 4 Must/Should I talk with our teacher about it or I only had 8 __ plate of vegetables. And that not, what do you think? was probably 9 __ best thing I ate yesterday. S In this country you don't have to/aren't allowed Everybody knows that 10 __ vegetables are to buy alcohol if you're under twenty-one - it's very good for you. I n the future I want to be illegal. 11 __ actress so I should be more careful 6 You have to!can come to my party with your about my diet. Definitely no more fast food! boyfriend if you like.

54 Reading Communication 6 Read a page from an information booklet for 7 Complete the two dialogues with the phrases students starting a secondary school. Tick (v') and words below. true or cross (1) fa lse. would you like to v' don't you bring you free great idea shall we Dear Student that would be afraid can't Welcome to St Luke ooklet has some 1 useful information about y UI n w hooI. Read it Ted: ' WoV1(d 10V1 (EKe To come to my birthday carefully. party, Sue?

Times of the School Day Sue: 2 ______lovely, thank you. When Students should not arriYe at hool before 8.00 a. m. On is it?

most school days the chool clo at 5 p.m. Students Ted: At 5 p.m. on Saturday. Why 3 ______must leave the site before 4.00 p.m. your boyfriend with you? Uniform Sue: That's a 4 ------! Robert loves Students must wear the school uniform. All items of parties. 5 bring some food clothing must be clearly marked with the student's name. or CDs? - white shirt (boys), blue/white blouse (girls); Ted: No, thanks. I've got everything. - grey suit (boys), grey skirt and navy-blue pullover (girls); 2 blue and white tie (boys), ties not necessary (girls); - dark grey socks (boys), white/navy socks (girls); Tom: Are 6 today?

- black shoes (no trainers or boots). Nick: No, actually I'm very busy. I'm 7 _____ Hair must be clean and tidy, not dyed. I have to study for my driving test Jewellery and make-up are not allowed. tomorrow. Why? School Lunches Tom: I have problems with our History We have a popular cafeteria which serves hot and cold homework. Do you think you could help me? meals. For a good midday meal you need to spend about 8 £1.85. Students who bring their sandwiches/packed Nick: I'm sorry, 1 today. But lunches can eat them in the dining hall. Students must how about tomorrow instead? not leave the school during the lunch hour. Tom: That's great, thanks a lot. Library The library is on the 1st floor. It is open Monday to Friday from 8.30 a.m.-1.15 p.m. and 1.25 p.m.-4.00 p.m. 8 Underline the correct words to complete the for students, teachers and parents. sentences. Absence from School A: ' Usually/Generally, people in my country When a child can't come to school, we ask parents to don't drink much tea. phone the school on the first day of absence. When the B: 2 Really?/Yes? It's completely 3 similar/different student returns to school, he/she should bring a letter in my country. Everybody drinks several cups from their parents to explain their absence. a day. 4 Personally/Generally, I love it. It's good for you too.

A: I'm not 5 agree/sure about that. It makes your 1 Students can't stay at school after 4.00 p.m. D teeth brown! 2 D Students must put their name on their B: Well, I 6 agree/don't agree with that. But you clothes. can always brush your teeth after drinking. 3 D Girls don't have to wear school ties. 4 D Students are allowed to wear trainers to /51 school. 5 D All students must bring £ 1.85 to buy a hot Marks or cold meal in the cafeteria. Vocabulary & Grammar /30 marks 6 D The school library is open on Saturdays. Reading /8 marks 7 D Parents can use the school library. Communication /12 marks 8 D Parents should call the school and then Total: /50 marks write a letter when their child is ill.

55 , .. easytodo CD a bit harder aD extra challenge ,

Vocabulary Grammar Holidays Future arrangements

1 Complete the table with the words below. 3 G) Put the words in the correct order to make Which two activities can you do indoors or sentences about Natasha's arrangements for the outdoors? weekend. camping ./ shopping swimming going out/on Friday night/isn't/she galleries going to the beach walking 5 he t$r./t gtOthgt Ol/1t o r. Fr taCr'1 ht9ht sightseeing museums sunbathing 2 Susan/meeting/for lunch/on Saturday/she's going to clubs looking at scenery

3 after lunch/a present for Katy's birthday/buying/ Indoor activities/ Outdoor activities/ she's places places

th CCrMP 9 4 going/to the cinema/with Pete/on Sunday evening/she's

S studying/weekend/she/ this/isn't 2 Complete the descriptions with the words below. walking excursions nightlife ./ 4 (**) Complete the dialogue between Rachel (R) relax visit swimming eating and her cousin David (D) about their holidays. Use clubs hanging out the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

R: Hi, David. 1 Are '10l/1 COMthgt (you/come) on holiday with us again this year? D: No, I can't. I'm sorry.

R: Oh that's a pity. Who 2 ______(you/go) with this time?

D: I 3 ______(not have) a holiday this year. 14 (prepare) for my exams. I 'I like holidays in big cities with lots of failed three so I 5 (take) them 1 r.ightft{e because I love going to 2 • again in August. Where 6 ______(you/ During the day I like 3 with my friends: go)? Josh, 15, Cambridge R: Greece.

'When I'm on holiday I don't want to do anything. D: Sounds fantastic. Have a great time! I don't want to 4 museums or galleries Grammar Plus: Prepositions with future time or go on 5 .1 just want to 6 '.' Melanie, 16, Manchester expressions

(**) Underline the correct word to complete the 'I like to be active on holiday. I enjoy 5 sentences. ---in the sea or 8 • I like 1 Anna is going to the dentist inion two days'time. ----out with my family at night: Kate, 14, Leeds 2 Eddie is taking his exams the next week/next week. 3 Sylvia and Bill are going to Paris at/in the weekend. 4 Carrie is going to the cinema tomorrow/on tomorrow so she is meeting Ralf this weekend/ at this weekend. S Sarah is having a party in/on Saturday. 6 I'm meeting Paula in/at two hours. I must go! 56 6 (**) James, Mark and Kate are going camping Grammar reference next weekend. Read their conversation and Future arrangements then complete it with the correct form of the verbs below. Form I am ('m) meeting stay cook prepare buy take x2 We/YoulThey are ('re) meeting Jo meet./ cycle not go + He/She/It is ('s) meetin~ tonight.

James: So what time 1 t?rY'e we fv\eefu,"@? I am not ('m not) Mark: 7 a.m. at the station. meeting We/YoulThey are not ('re not) James: At the train station? - Jo meeting tonight. Mark: Yeah ... we 2 __ by bus now because He/She/It is not ('s not) we 3 our bikes. It's easier on the meeting . train with bikes. AmI James: Why do we need bikes? ? Are we/you/they meeting Jo Kate: We 4 __ to the campsite. James, don't Is he/she/it tonight? forget, you 5 __ at my house on Friday Short answers night. Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. James: Yes, I know! Yes, we/you/they are. / No, we/you/they aren't. Kate: Mark, you don't have to take any food Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it isn't. with you. Mum 6 __ some packed Wh- questions lunches for all of us. When are you meeting Jo? Mark: Who 7__ the map? And the tent? Where are you meeting her? James: I've got the map and the tent. Don't worry! Use of the present continuous for future

Kate: Who 8 __ dinner on Saturday? arrangements Mark: Me.1 9 all the food at the Use the present continuous to describe definite supermarket this afternoon. arrangements in the future. James: Okay, Kate, I'll see you tomorrow. Mark They're moving house next month. see you on Saturday. Are you going out tonight? Mark: Okay, bye. We're not having a holiday next summer.

7 (***) Write sentences about your Notice! arrangements for the next few weeks. Use the We often give a time phrase to show that the verbs below or your own ideas. arrangement is in the future.

study go shopping go to a nightclub./ Time expressions play tennis/football/basketball go camping tomorrow, tonight, this afternoon/winter/year, at the hang out with friends go sightseeing weekend, on Sunday/Wednesday, after breakfast, next go swimming go to a party visit relatives Tuesday/week/month, in the next few weeks organise a party go to the cinema

I~ gO("y,,@ tc. ~ /'o1@hrc/l/1b On 5t?rTl/fra't?r1 even("y"g. 2 3 4 ______5 6 ______

57 Vocabulary Grammar Flying may, might and will 1 Complete the sentences with the words 2 CK) Match each sentence with the correct below. description. destination departures board 1 Foreign travel will be easier for more people in the hand luggage duty-free shop future. check-in desk'/ luggage took off 2 People won't stay at home for holidays. boarding card landed arrivals gate 3 People may live and work in different countries. collected his luggage security a The speaker thinks that it is possible in the future. got off boarded passport control b The speaker thinks that it is sure to happen. c The speaker thinks that it is sure not to happen. Jed's journey 3 CK) Use will, won't or might to complete the Jed arrived at the airport and found the predictions. 1 CMeC~ -(h de5~ for his airline. He checked in his 2 and when he 1 People wr!/have more possibilities to travel in the got hi s 3 he went through future, I'm sure. 4 . He had to open his 2 It's really sunny. It rain later this afternoon. 5 when he went through 3 Global warming disappear in the future. 6 becau se he had some It's just not possible. w ater in his bag. Th e 7 _____ showed that his fli ght was delayed so he 4 We've got a great team. I'm sure my country __ bought a few things in th e 8 _____ win lots of medals in the next Olympic Games. Fina lly, he 9 the plane . The 5 I go on holiday with my friends next plane 10 and three hours later summer, but I'm not sure. the plane 11 at its 6 People go on holiday to the moon in the 12 and Jed 13 _____ future. It's possible. the plane. He was tired when he 14 and he didn't notice he took 4 (**) Read the conversation between Kay (K) th e wrong case . He was going through who is a teacher, and an interviewer (I) about the 15 when a woman her predictions for studying in the future. Then stopped him. She explained he had her complete the text with the correct form of the case . It turned out they were both staying verbs below. at the same hotel. That was three years ago - not have to learn use ./ have and they are getting be able to communicate be disappear marri ed next month! be able to take part not have to go

So how will teaching change?

Well, students 1 wil! [/f 2e electronic books. I think paper books 2 • E-books will be on computers. I: So, students will use computers much more?

K: That's right. Students 3 to school they 4 --_ in lessons at home. ' I: And do you think school subjects will change?

K: Let's see ... students 5 foreign languages

because they 6 electronic translators.

I: I agree. People all over the world 7 with each other without learning languages.

K: Yes, and finally I think there 8 new subjects to study. For example, new technologies. I: Okay, thank you, Kay.

58 5 (**) Complete the text with the words below. Grammar reference might will definitely ./ will won't x2 may, might and will will be able to x2 will have to Form will ('II) travel + l/We/YoulThey/He/She/lt may/might more. Trains of the future? travel The maglev train is the fastest train in the world. wiil not (won't) Its name comes from 'magnet' and 'levitate' travel - levitate means 'go up in the air'. The train - l/We/YoulThey/He/She/lt more. may/might not levitates in the air and magnetic energy pushes travel and pulls it to make it 'fly' over the ground. WiIIl/we/you/they/he/ ? travel more? At the moment there are no maglev trains in she/it the UK, ~u.t this 1. w(!! a'efrh(Te!tt change in the Short answers future. British trains are slow, noisy and they are not good for the environment. Experts say that Yes, I/we/you/they/he/she/it will. maglev trains would be good because they don't No, I/we/you/they/he/she/it won't. have engines so they 2' __ produce any noise. Wh- questions Also, they 3 __ cause any air pollution because the trains don't use fuel. When will they give me the money back? What time will you be able to pick me up? There are already maglev trains in Japan that travel around 400 kilometres per hour. Scientists Use of will/won't: say that soon these maglev trains 4 __ travel at • Use will + verb if we think something is sure to happen. 580 kilometres per hour. In the future, it's possible Spain will be really hot in August. that maglev trains 5 _ reach as much as 4,000 • Use won't + verb if we think something is sure not to kilometres per hour so passengers 6 __ travel to happen. different destinations very quickly. One problem Our team won't win this year. is that maglev trains are very expensive to build so people 7 __ pay more for tickets. Companies The future form of can is will/won't be able to + ve rb. are talking about building a transatlantic tunnel I'll/won't be able to tell you tomorrow. so in the future people 8 _ travel from Europe to The future form of must/have to is will have to + verb. the USA in just a few hours. I'll have to invite Sam to the party.

Will + definitely or probably: • Use will + definitely/probably to show how sure we feel. definitely = very sure I'll definitely phone you tonight.

probably = quite sure I probably won't come. Notice the different word order in affirmative and negative sentences: I'll definitely phone you tonight. 6 (***) Make your own predictions about these I probably won't phone you tonight. things. Use will/won't and definitely/probably. 1 people/live on other planets Use of may/might: People wrl! probt?rb!'1 live Oh otfrer • Use may/might + verb if we think something is p!t?rhef5. possible in the future. The traffic might be bad tomorrow. 2 planes/travel faster Ellen may come out with us tonight.

3 more people/work at home Notice! We don't usually form questions with may/ might to talk about the future. 4 global warming/become worse

5 I/get married in the next five years

59 Vocabulary Reading Describing holidays 2 look at the adverts quickly and choose the best answer. 1 Read Beth's email to her friend about 1 The texts are all her holiday. Complete the text with a announcements. b adverts. c invitations. the words below. 3 Read the adverts again and match four of the sentences traffic jams exciting visited below to the gaps a-d in the texts. There is one extra delayed delicious food relax sentence. accommodation lots of fun .I This is the perfect holiday accommodation sunburnt food poisoning for all the family. 2 There are hot showers and a big barbecue area. To: [email protected] 3 Do you worry about lost luggage or delayed flights? From: [email protected] 4 You can book online or by phone - see below for details. Subject: Holiday in Italy 5 There are many interesting places to visit in the area.

4 Read the texts again and answer the questions. Hi there Julia, How much is the cheapest flight to Europe? H ow are you? I just got back from the best holiday ever! I went to Venice in Italy with my aunt and uncle and my 2 Where can you find more information about flights?

two cousins. We had 1 (01-5 O((l/IY'I .

Venice is the most 2 city in 3 Which three places can you go to in the centre of town the world, I think. We 3 so near the Seaview Hotel? many interesting places. Ou r ---- was great, it was a little hotel on one of the canals. There are no 4 Can you eat out near the hotel? cars in the city. Everyone travels on foot , or by special boats called gondolas - 5 What do you do on the Windsor Castle excursion? and there are no ~ ! Some days we just sat in St Mark's Square. It's a great place to have a coffee and 6 How many days is the excursion to Alton Towers? ---- . The weather was great and I am a little 7 • The 7 How long does it take to get from the campsite to food was wonderful! I think it's the Edinburgh by car? most 8 in the world. Melanie, my cousin, tried all the food.

One day we thought she had q ____ 8 What is there for children at the campsite? but it was just too many ice-creams and pizza! On the way home the flight was 10 for three hours but I didn't mind. I met a fantastic Italian TOP FLIGHTS guy called Paolo at the airport and we Do you hate waiting at the check-in for your are going to keep in touch. How was flight? a_ your holiday? : W ith TOP FLIGHTS you definitely won't arrive late Love : at your destination! We'll look after your luggage, we Beth : have never lost anyone's luggage. You can even check In : online, so you won't have to wait at the airport! ~ We are a small airline with small prices - but we can : guarantee that your flight will leave on time. We will g~ve you back your money - yes, all your money - for a flight delay of more than thirty minutes! Flights to Europe from an amazing £39! Check out our website for details: . www.topflights21.com

60 A beautiful campsite with the best scenery in Top hotel only minutes from the beach Scotland! An ideal place if you like camping with wonderful views of the sea. b _ _ and walking, but it's great for sightseeing too _ And it's only ten minutes walk to the Edinburgh is only a one-hour drive. centre of town with two museums, a d -_. Also, there's a games room for children gallery and lots of shops. The t~wn .ha~ - but you won't need It because the weather something for everyone! The nightlife IS won't be awful! fun - there are plenty of restaurants for all the family and three fantastic nightclubs. Small tents £6 per night. Large tents £10 per night. Single rooms from £65 per night. Cars £3 per night. Double rooms from £95. Tel: 01142 3645258 for more information and www.seaview12hotel.com reservat ions.

Listening

GREEN TOURS 5 CD Listen to a dialogue between Jackie We offer exciting excursions every day! Why not and Alex about their holidays. Complete the try one of these two great offers? c __ . sentences with the correct name, Jackie or Alex. 1 __ 's flight was delayed. Excursion includes 2 __ likes shopping. visit to the castle 3 __ got sunburnt. lunch in a local restaurant 4 __ slept well on holiday. shopping in Windsor town S 's sister was ill. 6 __ had a problem with mosquitoes.

Excursion includes 6 CD Listen to the dialogue again. Choose the correct answers. travel to and from the park by bus park entrance fee When Alex arrived at his destination, he had a no clothes. b no books. c no hand luggage. 1 night in hotel + evening meal Adults: £105 2 What does Alex say about the weather? a It was sunny all the time. Children : £60 b It rained all the time. For booking details and information go to c It was only sunny for the second week. our website: www.21greentours1.com or phone 0208 542760 3 In the town near Alex's hotel there were a some museums. b two nightclubs. c a lot of places to eat. 4 What does Jackie say about her journey? a They had to wait a long time at the airport. b They went to their destination by car. c The journey was fun, it wasn't boring. S In the evening Jackie a went to bed early. b sang songs with everyone. c talked to her new friends. 61 Writing 3 Read Mark's letter again and underline the correct words in the statements A personal letter below. 1 Read Mark's letter. In which paragraph does he The writer uses/doesn't use short forms. o apologise for not writing before? 2 The writer uses/doesn't use exclamation marks (!) and underlining for emphasis. 2 ask for some news? D 3 The writer includes/doesn't include 3 D describe a social event? Chris's address. 4 D ask how the person is? 4 The writer starts/doesn't start a new paragraph for a new idea/topic. 5 D describe a recent family event?

2 Match the boxes 1-8 with the parts of the letter a-h.

@] Sign off with an informal expression: a 37 Mill Street, Lots of love, All the best Manchester All my love, Take care, MR26JB See you soon, 25 June 2010 Love, Give my love to b Dear Chris, 1 2 D Write your address and the date at C How are you? I hope you're fine and your exams went the top right-hand side. You ca n write the date as well. d Sorry I didn't write before, but I am really busy! 5 May 20 70 or 5/ 6/20 7O. We had exams last week, and it's an important year for me so that's why I didn't write before. I can't wait for the holidays! 3 D Ask for someone's news: 2 I'd love to hear all your news. We're having our after exams party tomorrow, and I'm Wnte soon and tell me your news. So that's my news. sure it will be fun. Everyone from my class is coming What about you? and we're all taking some food and drink. We're all What's your news? going to wear fancy dress, even the teachers! I'm going as Charlie Chaplin - I've got a great costume! 3 4 D Start the letter with Dear + the person's name: Last weekend we had a wonderful family party for my Dear Sue, grandmother because it was her 60th birthday. All my Dear Uncle Ben, cousins and aunts and uncles came, and my brother Don't forget the comma (,) after the name. came back from university. We had big cake and we sang and danced too. 4 5 D Close the letter with an expression e Well, I think that's all the news. f Write soon and tell such as: me your news! WeI/, I think that's everything. I hope all is well with you. I've got to go now (because). gLove,

6 D Write your name after signing off. h Mark

7 D Apologise for not writing: 8 D Ask how the person is: Sorry I haven't been in touch, but .. ., How are you doing? Apologies for not writing sooner, but. .. , I hope you're well. Sorry I didn't write before but ... , How are things with you? 62 4 Match the sentences to the correct topic a, b or c. Speaking a describing an event and/or meeting someone Asking for and giving advice b describing someone's appearance c describing someone's character 7 Complete the questions with the words below. Then match the questions with the answers. 1 [£J She's got lots of friends, because she's popular. way best./ book should recommend

2 D I went to my friend's eighteenth birthday 1 What's the be5t way to do it? party, and it was great fun. 2 Where we stay? 3 D She's quite tall and she's got blond hair 3 Can you any places to visit? and blue eyes. 4 What's the best to get to Oxford? 4 D We stayed up really late. 5 Do you think we should the hotel? 5 D She's very friendly. 6 D And the best thing is, she likes sports, like a You should definitely stay at the Apple Tree me! Hotel. 7 D I enjoyed/didn't enjoy the party. b Yes, it's always busy. You should phone and 8 D Guess what? I met a fantastic girl there!! book. 9 D She wears casual clothes. c I don't think you should go to Oxford by bus. Take the train. Complete the strategies box with the words 5 d Don't take the train from Paris. You should fly below. to London. new right./ short forms short e You must go to Buckingham Palace.

A personal letter 8 Rob is going on a short trip to New York. Marcia was there last year. Complete the dialogue Include your address and the date. using the phrases below. Start the letter Dear ... , and sign off with the don't think you should best to

1 ri@ht expression and your name. you should stay there should I stay ./ must visit you think I should book Start with a 2 _ introduction - greet the person and ask how he/she is. go by subway you recommend anything

3 _ Start a paragraph for each separate Rob: Where 1 5hov"/a'I 5tt?l'1' Marcia? topic/idea in the letter. Marcia: Well, I was in a great little hotel near Finish with the correct expression and ask for Times Square. I think 2 _____ his/her news. Rob: Okay. Do 3 ? Check your punctuation - did you use: Marcia: Yes, I do. It was really busy when I was commas (,), apostrophes ('), question marks (?) there so it's best to book in advance. and exclamation marks (!) correctly? Rob: Great. Also, I want to see as many things Check your style - did you use 4 __ (I'm, as I can. Can 4 ? We're) and underlining correctly? Marcia: Sure. Well, you 5 the Empire State Building and the Statue of Liberty. They're amazing. The 6 Read the task and then write your letter. Use Metropolitan Museum is fantastic too, the strategies in exercise 5 to help you. but it's very big, so it's 6 take a guided tour. Write a letter to your friend in the USA. In your Rob: What about getting around the city? letter: Marcia: Well, the streets are really busy so • ask how he/she is and apologise for not ______if you can. It's much writing before, quicker. The New York taxis are famous, • describe an event and meeting someone new, but I 8 take a taxi. They're • describe his/her appearance and character, too expensive! • ask your friend about his/her news and ask Rob: Thanks for all that advice Marcia! him/her to write back soon. Marcia: Have a great time!

63 .. easy to do CD a bit harder c:t:Il extra challenge

Vocabulary Grammar Sports Present perfect with ever and never 1 Write in the missing letters to complete the 4 ~ Write the verbs in the correct column. Then names of sports. write the past participle. 1 fO f2 tbal { 6 tab _ e te is visit.l run.l travel play try meet 2 cr _ ck_t 7 ba_eb do win watch ride break see 3 cy _ l _ ng 8 g __ f score climb 4 ho _ k_y 9 b a Regular Irregular S vol_eyba __ 10 t n i s VI,;;,f - vI,;;,fed 2 Which sports from exercise 1 can you see in the picture?

5 C**) Use the prompts to make questions in the present perfect. Then answer the questions. 1 you/score/a goal

I-Ic;,ve '10l/l ever 'Scored c;, 51oc;,(? )ie'S, I nc;,ve. /No, I nc;,vehr. 2 you/win/a race

3 you/try/windsurfing

4 you/meet/your/favourite sports personality

S you/climb/a very high mountain 3 Complete the sentences using the words below. baseball cricket cycling football.l hockey volleyball 6 (**) Look at the list of Julian's experiences and 1 The World Cup is every four years in foot-bc;,(!. write sentences in the present perfect. 2 There are eleven players on each team in live in France X try surfing .I _ ___ . Everyone wears white. It is very visit Scotland .I do yoga .I popular in England. ride a horse X play baseball X 3 has two teams of six players. You can play it on the beach. 4 One of the most important sports in the USA 2 is . The New York Yankees are a famous team. 3 4 ______S can be dangerous. You usually play in winter. It is very popular in many countries. S 6 The Tour de France is one of the most 6 ______important competitions in ___ _ 64 Present perfect or past simple? Grammar reference 7 (**) Choose the best word a or b to complete Present perfect with ever and never the sentences. Form They first .. . two years ago in Madrid. l/We/YoulThey have ('ve) met the + a met.l b have met He/She/It has ('s) met. president. 2 I ... cricket, but I would like to try. I/We/YoulThey have not (ha'(;en't) the - met a never played b have never played president. He/She/It has not (hasn't) met 3 .. . any good books about sports personalities? Have I/we/you/ a Did you read b Have you read the ? they met president? 4 What ... last weekend? Has he/she/it a did you do b have you done Short answers 5 Pete .. . basketball before, but he's going to Yes, I/we/you/they have. / No, I/we/you/they haven't. have lessons. Yes, he/she/it has. / No, he/she/it hasn't. a didn't play b hasn't played

8 (**) Complete the text with the past simple or Wh- questions the present perfect of the verbs in brackets. How many questions has he answered? Why have you eaten all my sweets?

~ / / . ' We form the present perfect with have/has + past ....,.,hOWI.:;O?1/~a {""'0 participle. J Regular past participles are formed with verb + ed. When 1 ari:!

1 A: f-It?tve '10l/l ever beeY1. (you/ever/go) to Notice! France? go has two past participle forms - been and B: No, but my brother's there now. gone. We use been to say someone went to a He _ _ (be) there for three weeks. place but is not there now. 2 A: Where __ (John/go)? He was here a We use gone to say someone is on their way to minute ago. a place or is there at the moment. John has been to France. (= John has visited B: I think he __ (go) to the sports centre. France but he is not there now.) 3 We haven't got any cheese because I __ John has gone to France. (= John is on his way (not go) to the supermarket. to France OR John is in France now.) 4 A: __ (Kate/ever/ go) to the USA? B: No, but her sister __ (go) twice. 6S Vocabulary Grammar Sports equipment Present perfect with just, already and yet

1 Label the pictures with the words below. 3 CI) What has just happened? Write sentences with just, the present perfect and the verb in net./ shorts ball player opponent brackets. ice rink gloves skates stick

...... The bus hv.s IVrSt left (leave). '"' ~-'-.'~~~~ .., - -_-<;;:: YO ~~

~ . . f" - ...... 2 Jackie __ (score) a goal.

3 They __ (buy) tickets.

4 I __ (win) the race!

4 C**) Write the dialogue between Sam and his friend, Fred. Use the present perfect and yet or already.

Fred: Hi, Sam. 1 Hv.ve '10f/l bOf/lfjtht v. c

2 Put the letters in the correct order to make Sam: No, 2 I hv.veh 1- but I bought a map words to complete the sentences. yesterday.

1 In boxing you wear gLloves (velogs) on your Fred: 3 ______(look at/the map)?

hands. 4 Sam: Yes, • I spent an 2 Swimmers ofte"n use __ (sloggeg) when hour looking at it last night! Hey, they swim under the water. 5 (phonehhe 3 You need a __ (tiskc) to play hockey. campsite)? 4 Everyone is so happy when the __ (croes) is Fred: No, 6 ______• Could you 2-0 for their team. do that? S Table tennis is an ____ (donior amge). Sam: Yes, sure. And 7 ______(try 6 When a player is tired you send on a __ out/the tent)? 8 (tistubteus). Fred: Yes, • I slept in it 7 It's great when you __ (ebat) your last night! It's fine! And what about food? opponents, but you don't always have to 9 (buy/the food)? __ (niw). Sam: No, 10 ______• I'll buy it 8 You have to __ (natir) hard if you want to tomorrow. win a __ (erca). Fred: Okay. Talk to you tomorrow. 66 Sam: Bye. 5 (**) Sam is going on an adventure holiday next week. Grammar reference' Write sentences about what he has already done and Present perfect with just, already hasn't done yet. and yet Just, already and yet pack his bag X We often use already, yet and just with the clean his trainers .I present perfect to show that a past action is check the train times X important now. buy new climbing boots X Just read about the different activities X We usejustto say that something happened start a fitness programme.l a little time before now. It is usually used in affirmative sentences. • I've just seen Katrina. Luca has just had some good news. 2 3 Already 4 We use a/ready to say that something 5 happened before the expected time. 6 Katie's only four, but she's already learnt to read. I've already done my homework. 6 CK) Underline the correct word to complete the sentences. Yet 1 Petra hasn't finished her lunch just/Wla/ready. We use yet to say that something didn't happen 2 Have you heard the news just/yet/already? James has in the past, but will probably happen in the just/yet/already won fifty euros in a poetry competition. future. Yet is usually used in negative sentences 3 Rob and Silvia havejust/yet/a/ready been to France. and in questions. They went last year. Caroline hasn't started driving lessons yet. 4 Cal and Beth haven't decided which evening classes We haven't had dinner yet. they want to do just/yet/already. Have you finished your exams yet? Has Will phoned you yet? 5 A: Have you joined the new gym just/yet/already? B: Yes, I've just/yet/already become a member. 6 I'vejust/yet/a/ready spoken to Frank on the phone. He hasn't left his house just/yet/already.

7 C***) Complete Fiona's email to her friend, Barry about a new sports centre with the correct form of the verbs in brackets and just, yet or already.

To: [email protected] From: [email protected] I Subject: New sports centre

HI Barry,

1 /-/c>ve you l1ec>ra (hear) the news ~? A fantastic new sports centre 2 ------(open) here. I 3 ______(be) there to see It. They've got lot; of different

activities. I 4 __ (JOin) a SWimming class tWice a week and I -- --- (try) yoga for the first time. I 6 __ (decide) to begin Thai-boxing but the

classes 7 (not start) ____ . I saw ChriS when I was there. He's gOing to teach a karate class every week. He 8 ______(offer) to do Judo classes as well, but they ;

9 __ (not begin) ____

Let me know when you 10 ______(choose) what you want to do and we can go together. (not finish) my homework __ . I have to go now because I 11 __ -- Tal k to you soon, Love Fiona 67 Vocabulary Reading Champions against the odds 3 Look at the photo and read the first part of the text. Choose the best answer. 1 Match the words 1-6 with the words a-f to make sentences. It is a text about a teenage sports champion. 1 Anna was already competing 2 It is a text about teenagers who have become champions. 2 Pete is a talented 3 Theywon 4 Read the text and answer the questions. 4 We played in 1 How many Olympic medals did Rebecca win in 5 She became the chess 2008? 6 You need 2 What do Rebecca's friends call her? a a tennis tournament last week. b world champion in 1996. 3 What time did training start every morning? c si x medals. d internationally when she was ten. 4 Who took Rebecca to training when her sister e strength and speed to swim well. was in hospital? f disabled athlete.

2 Complete the text with the words below. 5 What did the Queen give her? strength competitions champion medal competing tournament speed./ 5 Read the text again and match sentences a-e to the gaps 1-5 in the text. My favourite sports personality is •.• a Her mum, Kay, gave up her job to drive her to training. Roger Federer. Federer is a Swiss tennis player. He's very fast and st rong and he's famous for his 1 5,peed b She is famous for her speed and strength. and 2 on the tennis court. He c However, her parents tried to make sure she started 3 when he was a teenager, had a 'normal'life. and at the age of fourteen he became the junior d She jumped into a pool on holiday. national 4 in Switzerland. In 2001 e No doubt she will be in the 2012 Olympics too. he won the Milan indoor tennis 5 ______when he beat Boutter in the final. Since then he 6 Read the text again. Tick (./) true or cross (X) has played in many 6 - and won false. many of them. In 2008 he won an Olympic gold in the doubles with his partner D There was a British Olympic swimming ------champion in 1988. Stanislas Wawrinka. He was the world's number one player from 2004-2008. His tennis heroes are Boris 2 D Rebecca has loved swimming since she Becker and Stefan Edberg. was twelve years old. Mark, 14, Leeds 3 D Rebecca competed nationally when she was thirteen years old. 4 D Rebecca didn't go out with her friends when she was a teenager. 5 D Rebecca didn't stop training when she was ill. 6 D Rebecca doesn't like chocolate cake.

68 Rebecca Adlington is a British swimming eat pizza. All Becky's hard work was worth it - she champion. She won two gold medals at the 2008 was a member of the British swimming team at Olympic Games in the 400 metre and 800 metre the 2008 Olympics. 4 __ races. She is Britain's first Olympic swimming It hasn't always been easy, though. In 2006 Becky's champion since 1988, the first British swimmer to sister Laura was in hospital because she was win two gold medals since 1908 - and she is just seriously ill with a disease. Becky also became ill, twenty years old. but not so seriously and she continued training. Rebecca - or Becky as her family and friends call Her older Sister, Chloe, took her to training while the her - started swimming when she was four years rest of the family was at the hospital. Fortunately, old. 1 __ 'Oh, no! She's never swum before. Will Laura and Becky both recovered completely. The she be okay?' her mum thought. But Becky swam interest from the media - newspapers and TV - to the side of the pool, and she's loved swimming has also been a problem. After Becky won her first since then. gold medal, the family spent two days doing TV When she was twelve, Becky competed in the interviews - from 6.45 a.m. until 10 p.m.! national championships and won. Her family Becky has already broken many world records realised that she could become a swimming star and currently holds the record for the 800 metre and Becky started training seriously a year later. freestyle race. 5 __ She also received a special 2 __ Every morning, they drove to the pool very medal, an OBE (Officer of the Order of the British early - training started at 5 a.m. Then they went Empire) from the Queen in 2008. The Queen gives home for breakfast. Becky went to school just like OBEs to people who have done work that has any other teenager, but after school she went back helped the country. However, for her family she is to the pool for more training. Becky didn't go to still the girl who loves chocolate cake, expensive parties or nightclubbing as a teenager. 3 __ shoes and watching DVDs! Becky's friends often came over to watch DVDs or

69 Reading b Why are the other two holidays not suitable for Phil? Match reasons a-b to the descriptions. Matching short texts a The activities are not what Phil likes doing. b The holiday is probably too expensive.

Make sure the two matched texts agree in all 3 Read the descriptions of the people below. the important details. If one detail is different or Underline the things that are important to each missing, the answer is probably wrong. person. Then read holiday advertisements 1-3 from exercise 2a and 4-6 below. Choose the best holiday for each person. There is one extra advertisement. 1 Read about Phil and the kind of holiday he would like to go on. Which words below could A D Patricia and Peter are in their thirties. They you use to describe an ideal holiday for Phil? want to book a holiday for themselves and their baby daughter. They are looking for a relaxing camping hotel sightseeing beach holiday with good weather ... but they action-packed luxury activities city need to keep in touch with their office too. sailing expensive museum cheap low price cultural historic cycling B D Veronica and Tom are nineteen. On holiday they like to relax on the beach or go swimming Phil is sixteen. He's very active and enjoys all during the day, go shopping in the afternoon and kinds of sports, especially biking and water party all night in discos and clubs. sports. He'd like to go on a holiday where he could be outdoors and active most of the time, C D Luke is fifteen. He's an only child and but he knows his parents haven't got much his parents usually spend a lot of money on money. his holidays. He likes sports and he'd like to do something different every day. He also enjoys 2a Read the holiday descriptions 1-3. Which parties. holiday is the best for Phil? Why? D D Natalie is a twenty-three-year-old art Enjoy an action-packed holiday at our adventure student. She loves sightseeing and culture. She'd holiday resort for young people ..~ ou can try lots love to see some new places in Europe but she of different activities such as salhng, s~r~ng, hasn't got much money. She speaks English, rock climbing, horse riding and motorblklng. French and Spanish. The centre has its own tennis courts and a .golf course. Accommodation is in comfortabl~ aIr­ • Wou ld you lIke to help restore an old cas tl e m Spam? conditioned hotel rooms. Discos every nIght. We need volunteers for thiS excnmg cultural project m the histone reglOn of Cataloma We offer free accommodatIon and days off for excurSlOns to histone Spend an .unforgettable week in a stylish hotel in Paris places such as Barcelona vvlth Its great museums, or Reus, home of the great architect Antomo Gaudl and experr.ence the ric,h cultural life of France's capital. The prrce Includes guided tours of all the major historic monu~ents, museum visits, tickets to the theatre and A Have a fantastic holiday on the Mediterranean island excursions to places of cultural interest in the region. V of Ibiza, the clubbing capitaL of Europe. Sunbathe on And of course you can go shopping every day! the amazing beaches, swim in the bLue sea, hang out with friends at the cafes and bars, and dance aLL night in the best clubs and discos in the worLd. Non-stop fun e 'j~i;: ~~.; bi~~~i~ t~;;; ~i ~h~' b~~~tif~i 'M~~;~' guaranteed. lakes in Poland. Cycle forty kllometres every e mornmg, go sWlffimmg m the afternoon, play Relax in the Mediterranean I quiet resort hotel in Alcudia 0 sutn • Our comfo rtable, volleyball wIth YOUF new fnends If you have the Ma' ff n h e coast of energy left . We are also gomg to spend one day Co~~~~~a~lee;~~~rfect condi~ions fo r families. sallmg Camp m a tent. eat food you cook yourself, Fifty met f y rooms WIth Intern et access . res rom the beach two swim . and have great fun Wlthout spending a lot of money Fun activities for children o~ . d mrng poo ls...... •....•...•...... •...... ganlse every evenin g. 70 Use of English 7 Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets. Word formation When I was younger, I was very 1 (fit). If I 4 Complete the table with the words below. ever played a sport, it was on the computer! Now I take sports quite 2 (serious). I jog every active act .I actively activity actor morning, swim in the afternoons and I go 3 (cycle) at weekends. I also enjoy Verb c.e r 4 __ (danger) activities such as rock climbing Noun (something you do) and kitesurfing. I think they are 5 (excite). Noun (a person who acts) I even won a local kitesurfing 6 (compete) last summer. But big 7 (achieve) are not Adjective that important to me. I just enjoy feel ing fit and Adverb 8 (health).

5 Complete the sentences with the words from Speaking the table in exercise 4. Sometimes you need a Guided conversation plural form. 1 I like to spend my holidays c.enve!1 . Itf',,1 2 The in the main role was not Remember to discuss all the bullet points in the handsome, but he acted very well. task. 3 My grandad is sixty-eight, but he's very ___ and does a lot of sports. 4 When I worked as a summer camp counsellor, I organised for children. 8 Read the exam task and do the preparation 6 Write the opposite adjectives. Use the prefixes exercises below. in-, iI-, ir-, un-.

happy l/TYlh c.pp'1 You and your friend are planni ng a holiday in a city. Discuss and make decisions about: usual · D transport healthy · D accommodation formal · D sightseeing/activities legal · D things to take regular · D problems you might have

a Match sentences 1-5 to the bullet points above In word formation exercises, think about the part in the exam task. of speech you need and the meaning. Sometimes 1 You've been there before. Can you you have to form a different part of speech, for recommend any interesting places to see? example a noun from a verb. Sometimes you have to build a word with the opposite meaning. 2 Do you think we should book a room now? 3 We must take a good map of the city. 4 What if the airline loses our luggage? 5 What's the best way to get there?

b Match responses a-e with sentences 1-5. a D Yes, and shall we take a guidebook as we ll? b D There are some excellent museums and galleries. c D How about a cheap airline? d D Yes, we definitely should. Where do we want to stay? e D Then we'll have to do a lot of shopping! 71 sel -assessment

Vocabulary & Grammar 4 (never/Robert/score/in one match)

1 Match the verbs 1-7 with the correct words/ S (already/I/compete in) expressions a-h. 1 go through a your seatbelt 6 (yet/they/go through/?) 2 get b the plane 3 visit c food poisoning 4 fasten d your luggage 5 win e your opponent 4 Complete the sentences with the correct 6 check in f the arrivals gate form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present 7 beat g galleries continuous, will, or might/may. 8 get off h the race 1 This summer Gill /5 fjtO(~§t (go) on holiday to /71 Greece. 2 I'm sure Sue ______(come) late. She's Choose the best word a, b or c to complete the 2 never on time. sentences. 3 At the weekend? No problem, I can help you. I I love on the beach. ______(not do) anything important. a sightseeing b sunbathing./ c camping 4 I don't think I (can) come to 2 To play hockey you need a your party tomorrow. I need to study for my a bat. bracket. c stick. English test. 3 What's the best holiday __ in your country? S Laura and Mark (get) married a destination b excursion c journey on 17 February. Have they invited you yet? 4 You can only take five kilogrammes of __ 6 Take an umbrella with you - it ______luggage on the plane. (rain). You never know. a boarding b duty-free chand 7 Don't give Tim sausages. He ______S You need a ball and a net between the teams (not eat) them - he's a vegetarian. to play 8 The exam was very difficult - I'm not sure but I a baseball. b volleyball. c football. think I (not pass) it. We will get 6 Our holiday was great and we _ _ lots of fun. the results next week. a had b did c made 7 Look at the departures __ to see what time our plane takes off. 5 Underline the correct words to complete the sentences. a gate b board c card 1 What will/are you doing on Saturday, Nick? 2 Last week I have run/ran four miles. 3 In the future people definitely will travel/will 3 Write sentences in the present perfect using definitely travel more by plane. the words in brackets. Use one word/expression from the box below in each sentence. 4 Has Tom ever drove/driven a car? S Okay, you can watch TV now but you will/must/ passport control twenty points have to do your homework tomorrow after the luggage four tournaments school. a gold medal./ sunburnt 6 The teacher's yet/already told us three times (never/I/win) about the test on Monday.

I ht?tve YleveY" W OYl t?t fjt 0 ld /vIedt?t!. 2 (ever/you/get/?)

3 (just/we/collect)

72 Reading Listening G Read a page from Jessie's blog and tick 7 @) Listen to the conversation between a travel agent (~) true or cross (X) false. and two customers. Choose the correct answers. The woman and the man have just returned from 18 April a France. b Spain. c Greece. 2 Their plane was delayed by __ . I've tried all sorts of team sports: basketball, volleyball, and even baseball. a one hour b two hours c three hours But football? Everybody thinks it's a boy's 3 Another problem was that sport. When I told my father this morning, a the taxi from the airport to the hotel was late. he said 'Can't you take up some other b the receptionist at the hotel only spoke some sport?' My mother asked, 'Football, Jessie? English. Are you sure?' I am sure. I want to try fo r c the man and the woman didn't get the room they the football team in my new school. wanted. 4 The woman was unhappy because 19 April a the holiday was very expensive. In the morning Liz and I went to the gym. b she paid for something she didn't get. When we walked through the gym door, the c she didn't like the hotel car park. boys turned to look at us. They didn't look S The travel agent will pleased to see us. The football coach was a give the money back to the tourists. really nice and welcomed us. b call the hotel where the tourists stayed. There are only sixteen places in the school c not talk about the problem with his boss. football team. This means half of us will 6 The man and the woman have to do some other sport. A lot of compet ition! I'm sure Liz will beat some of a won't go on holiday with this agency in the future. these boys - she's rea lly fit and has been a b might go on holiday with this agency again. substitute for another team. I might not get c are going on holiday with this agency next week. in the team. But I'll definitely train hard /61 and who knows?

21 April Communication Complete the dialogues with one word in each gap. Yesterday was the first day of practice. We 8 You can see the first letter of each word. had an 800 metre race and I came ... last. I did my best but the distance was too long A: We had a horrible time on holiday! for me. Later, we played mo re football. I B: Really? What h?l ppehed? t ried really hard but I couldn't kick the 2 A: What's the best w to get there? ba ll. Then running again. Five.times around B: D fly. Go by train. the school. My feet hurt so I took a long 3 A: We'd like to do some sightseeing. Can you break and sat down on the grass. And the ____ anything in London? coach was still not happy with some of us. B: You m ____ go to the British Museum. This morning I couldn't get out of bed . I asked myself, 'Do I really want to do it? I 4 A: H was your holiday? might take up tennis instead.' B: It was t ! It rained every day. S A: Do you think we s stay there? B: Yes, d . It's a very good hotel. ..---_----, D At first Jessie's parents didn't like I /sl her idea. 2 D The boys were very happy when they saw the girls in the gym. Marks 3 D The football coach wasn't friendly, Vocabulary & Grammar 130 marks when the girls arrived. Reading 16 marks 4 D Liz has played football before. Listening 16 marks S D Jessie found it difficult to kick the ball. Communication 18 marks 6 D Jessie wants to try another team sport. Total: 150 marks /61 73 .. easy to do a:J a bit harder ~ extra challenge

Vocabulary Grammar Operat ing machines Relative clauses

1 Complete the sentences with the words below. 3 CI) Underline the correct relative pronoun to complete the sentences. digital camera ./ console hairdryer flat screen answering machine 1 A teacher is someone which/who/where helps alarm clock MP3 player students to learn about different subjects. 2 A radio is a machine that/who/where allows us I bought a new c!({jt"fv,( C(?,MeY'(?' to take to listen to different programmes and music. pictures on holiday. 3 A football stadium is a place who/which/where 2 Anna always listens to her when she footballers play matches. goes running. 4 An encyclopedia is a book that/who/where we 3 I need an ____ to wake me up in the can find information on almost everything. morning. 5 An actor is a person that/where/which appears 4 Leave a message on the ______in films. if Pete's not at home. 6 A school is a place which/where/who students 5 Alex has got a modern TV - it's a TV. go to learn. 6 My has broken, so I can't dry my hair. CI) Read and complete the text about 7 We need a games ____ for this new game. 4 underwater MP3 players with which, where, that 2 Read the descriptions of gadgets from exercise 1. or who. What are they? Underwater music

You plug it in to the TV and press buttons or use This is a fantastic gadget for people 1 Nho love the controls to play. swimming and listening to music. The people 2__ invented it wanted to give swimmers a gadget 3__ allowed them to listen to their favourite songs under water. Now swimmers can listen to music in places 4_. _ it was impossible to listen before, It's got batteries, but it doesn't have a charger. such as in the sea or at the bottom of a pool. In 2007 It hasn't got a control button for volume and the company developed a more advanced product it's very loud! You have to set the time. I switch 5__ makes the music sound even better. It sends it on every night and it helps me wake up! special sound waves 6 __ give very clear sound to the ear. The underwater MP3 player is now used by more than 35,000 people 7 never go swimming without it.

It's got a battery and it has a menu. You don't use a remote control to switch it on and off, you just press a button. Some people, have one on their mobile phone, but I don t.

It hasn't got any batteries. You plug it in and use a remote control to switch it on and off. You watch things on it. You can select from the menu, but you can't record messages.

74 5 (**) Match phrases 1-6 with phrases a-f. Then add who, Grammar reference which or where to form complete sentences. Relative clauses 1 An Internet cafe is a place wMere We use relative clauses tq put more information 2 A washing machine is a gadget ____ in a sentence. We can join two shorter 3 A calculator is a machine ____ sentences together, using a relative pronoun. 4 An IT consultant is someone ____ The Japanese have invented a robot. It can tidy 5 A meeting point is a place ____ your bedroom. ' The Japanese have invented a robot which can 6 An inventor is a person ____ tidy your bedroom.

a likes creating new gadgets. I've got fifty pounds. My grandmother sent it for b people can go to use computers. my birthday. c saves time cleaning dirty clothes. I've got fifty pounds that·my grandmother sent for my birthday. d people usually meet at airports or other big buildings. e can help you to do Maths. Relative pronouns: which, that, who, where f solves problems with computer programmes. • Use which and that for things. A lawn mower is a machine which/that cuts the 6 (**) Use the prompts to make sentences. grass. 1 a telescope/piece of scientific equipment/allows us to Adam's got a really expensive phone which/that see the stars clearly. his uncle gave him. A Tele5cope r5 v. piece of 5cre.hfrf(c ef(l/1r'pfvleht wMrch v.lloW5 1/15 to 5ee the 5tv.r5 clev.rIVJ. • Use who and that for people. 2 a plane/a type of transport/allows us to travel quickly A babysitter is someone who/that looks after between countries kids. That's the boy who/that Alice likes very much.

3 a bicycle/a type of transport/doesn't use any fuel • Use where for places. This is the house where I grew up. 4 a beach/a place/we go to sunbathe and relax At the weekend, we went to a shop where they sell cheap TVs.

5 an astronaut/person/travels into space

6 an MP3 player/a gadget/allows us to keep a lot of music in a small space

7 (***) Join the sentences using the correct relative pronoun. Make any necessary changes. 1 That's the boy. He's in my class at school. 1h.v.t'5 the boVJ WhO r5 ih fvlVJ CIv.55 v.t 5choo! 2 A scientist is a person. He/She does experiments.

3 A hairdryer is a gadget. It dries wet hair.

4 That's Mr Rad. He's a teacher in my school.

5 A hot spot is a place. People go there to connect their computer to the Internet.

6 A computer mouse is a thing. It lets you move around the computer screen.

7S Vocabulary Grammar Gadgets First conditional 1 Complete the descriptions with the names of 3 CB Match 1-6 with a-f to form complete the gadgets. sentences. 1 Lisa will miss the train My favourite gadget IS my 2 Liam will sing his favourite song o __ I can li sten to my fa vourite mUSIC any time 3 If you don't want to go to the club, 4 If Ben and Martin don't go to camp this summer, S Martin will tell Ruth about the party 6 If they don't buy the tickets for the concert now,

a they won't see Maggie this year. b if she doesn't leave soon. c if he sees her this afternoon. d there won't be any tickets left. Ilovemy __ e if he goes to the karaoke competition. I spend hours every f you'll have to tell Pete by 6 p.m. day on the Internet. 4 (**) Underline the correct words to complete The best gadget we the sentences. havelsthe We're all TV addicts, If schools make /will make uniforms obligatory, students concentrate/will concentrate more on their lessons and not on their clothes. 2 If you study/will study hard, you pass/will pass the exam. 3 I buy/'ll buy a new iPod if I go/,II go into town on Satu rday. Don't laugh, but my 4 If they don't go/won't go away at the weekend, o favourite machine IS they go/will go to the cinema on Sunday. my __ . You can S What do you do/will you do if John set It to the rad io and doesn't phone/won't phone? It'S so nice to wake 6 They don't go/won't go for a walk if the weather isn't/won't be good.

5 (**) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. 2 Complete the sentences with the phrases If the restaurant doe5h't l1t?>ve (not have) below. pizza, I if order (order) a hamburger. easy to carry go wrong can't live without 2 Julia (buy) a new CD if she digital junkies breaks down ./ _____ (go) into town on Saturday. 3 Richard and Matt (not go) to I hate it when my computer brev,f:.5 dowh. university if they (not pass) their I can't email any of my friends. exams. 2 I love my new digital camera. It's really small 4 If it _____ (rain) tomorrow, we and ______(not go) on a picnic. 3 My brother __ __ his computer S ____ (Colin/be) happy if he games. He play-s for hours every day. _____ (win) the race? 4 My father hates all electronic gadgets. He says 6 Isabel _____ (not meet) David this that we are a generation of ______evening if he (not phone) her S When alarm clocks and computers __ before 5 p.m. ___ they cause lots and lots of problems. 76 6 (***) Complete the sentences about yourself. Grammar reference 1 If the weather is bad this weekend, If! Nt?tTcn First conditional DV225 t?t!! NCC/;.CM4 We use the first conditional to talk about a possible 2 If I get some money for my next birthday, I future situation. But after if we use the present tense, not the future. 3 If my best friend isn't happy, I Form

4 If it's good weather next week, I Condition Result If + present simple will/won't + infinitive without to 5 If there isn't anything interesting on TV If I have time, I will ('I/) call you tonight. tonight, 1 ______Ifyou don't tell me, I willfl/) be upset. 6 If I get a lot of homework this week, I If Anna passes her exams, she will ('I/) start university in the autumn. If he doesn't eat his lunch, he will not (won't) get any 7 (**) Rewrite the sentences with the same sweets. meaning using the words in brackets. If I help you with Moths, will you help me with 1 I'll finish this exercise, then I'll phone Joanne. English? (after) If can go at the beginning or in the middle of the If! p noP1e ,1ot?tP1P1e t?tfter I fr h(5n th(5 sentence. When we put the if clause first, we use a eyerc(5e. comma (,) to separate the two clauses. 2 Sam will have dinner. Then he'll watch his If it's sunny, we'll have picnic. favourite TV programme (before) a We'll have a picnic if it's sunny.

3 Mark will finish his homework. Then he'll go Future time clauses with when, before and aher out with his friends. (when) We also use the present tense to talk about the future after time words like when, after and before. 4 Rosa will tidy her bedroom. Then she'll go out I'll get my sister's bedroom when she leaves home. to the disco. (after) Before I go, I'll give you my phone number. Vanessa will probably call after I go out. 5 We'll finish class. Then we will go to the sports centre. (when)

6 I play my computer game but I'll study for another hour first. (before)

Grammar Plus: ifvs when

8 (**) Complete the sentences with if or when. 1 I'll go to the supermarket now. I'll make lunch NneM I get back from the supermarket. 2 I might see Jackie later. I'll give Jackie your message __ I see her. 3 We might be tired tonight. We'll go to the sports centre __ we all feel okay. 4 John is arriving at 11 a.m. I'll phone you __ John arrives. 5 I'll finish my homework first. I'll watch TV __ I finish my homework. 6 It's possible they may see Tom at the party. They'll talk to Tom __ they see him at the party. 77 Vocabulary Listening Numbers and dates 4 GD Check you understand the words below and then listen to the radio interview about Read the words and write the numbers. 1 YouTube and choose the correct answers. nine hundred and seventy-two. ~ 2 nineteen ninety-seven an agreement (n) an arrangement or decision 3 eighty-six percent to do something by two or more people 4 three point two million block access (v) to stop people being able to enter somewhere (for example a website) S a quarter a founder (n) a person who starts a company or 6 seven billion organisation 2 Read the amazing facts and write the upload (v) to send documents, photos and underlined numbers as words. videos from your computer to a larger system using the Internet Did you know ... o There are more than 6.000.000 parts in some Jawed Karim put the first video on YouTube big aeroplanes. on April ... 2005. e Every year a three b thirteen c twenty-three 20.009.000.000 2 The three people who created the site sold coconuts are grown. it in 2006 for a 6.5 billion dollars b 1.65 million dollars ( 1,65 billion dollars 3 About how many hours of videos are put e People usually read 25% slower from a onto the site every minute? computer screen than on paper. a thirteen b thirty ( fourteen o The Amazon River is more than 6.450 4 What percentage of people who use online kilometres long. video sites use YouTube? E;) Every letter in the English a 34 percent b 44 percent (54 percent language is used in the S YouTube is probably the ... most popular sentence: 'The quick / ' ~ \ video site on the Internet. brown fox jumps over the " ~ \ lazy dog.' That means a third b fourth ( fifth there are 26 in total. ~.. ' 6 When did YouTube make an agreement o The Indian railway system "",, - with three big TV and film companies? employs more than ~PlP1IJ.. a 2006 b 2008 ( 2010

1.400.000 people. r ! -:- , » • 5 GD Listen again. Tick (.I) true or (ross (X) false. 4 D The first video on YouTube showed one 2 S of the site creators at the zoo. 3 6 2 D There are no age limits on any of the videos. 3 Complete the sentences with the words below. 3 D Alex gives information about the number search chat generation devices .I of videos people watch every year. background noise 4 D If you want to watch a film, you'll have to watch the adverts too. We live in a time of electronic device 5 . S D At the moment there are some countries 2 I like __ when I'm studying so I often play music. where you can't watch YouTube . 3 My friends an-d I __ on the phone every day. 6 D Some schools have blocked access to 4 The younger __ in the UK watches less YouTube because students watched television than their parents. videos of bad behaviour. S Vivian loves to for information on the Internet. 78 Reading 8 Read the text again and answer the questions. How many websites are there? 6 Look at the photo and title of the text. Read the paragraph headings in exercise 7. Then choose the best answer. 2 What will scientists around the world be able The text is about to do? a different uses of the Internet in the future. b how teenagers will use the Internet in the 3 What will NASA use their new technology for? future. 4 Why didn't many people use the Internet on 7 Read the text and match the headings a-g with mobiles in 1996? the paragraphs 1-6. There is one extra heading. a Internet and mobile phones 5 Where can Electrolux fridges send emails? b How will people use the Internet? c The future of the Internet? 6 What kind of surface will people be able to d Other gadgets display virtual keyboards on? e Work and free time f Science 7 What could people do in gyms in the future? g How people used the Internet

The Web ClF I::he Ful::ur-e D When the Internet became generally available in the a--- Soon, everything from your car to your fridge will 1990s nobody had any idea of just how popular it be connected to the Internet, and machines will was going to become. There are over a hundred million communicate with each other. Electrolux has already websites, although nobody knows exactly how many developed a fridge that emails a shopping list to a there are, and there are billions of web pages. But local supermarket - and arranges a time for them to what will the Internet be like in the future? Here, the deliver your shopping to your house! experts give us their predictions. S3---- ~ --- We will see a big change in the way people use it. 64 There will be lots of exciting developments in science percent of experts think people won't have to use the for using the Internet. For example, scientists around traditional keyboard. We will have 'virtual' keyboards the world will be able to share equipment such as - people will be able to display these keyboards on any special microscopes called 'electron microscopes'. fiat surface, such as a table. They will write their email The American space agency NASA has developed a messages using these virtual keyboards and be able to 'Virtual Collaborative Clinic'. This allows doctors to surf the Internet too. find out more about diseases and to practise difficult operations in 3~. NASA plans to use the technology to provide health care on long space journeys. m--- Most people will also spend part of their day in virtual El--- worlds, at home or at work. Finally, there won't be a big difference between work and free time. People will The first mobile phone with Internet was in Finland in be able to connect to the Internet anywhere and work 1996, but it was very expensive so not many people where they are - in the gym, a shop, at home or even used it. Japan started the first mobile phone Internet in a virtual office. service in 1999. By 2008, more people were using mobiles to access the Internet than computers. In the future, experts say we'll all use our mobiles to access the Internet. Mobile screens will probably get a little bigge~ but not much. Of course, you'll control all the functions by pressing the screen, not buttons.

79 Writing A letter of complaint

1 Read the letter and answer the questions. 2 Complete the gaps a-f in exercise 1 with the 1 Why is Christine writing? words and phrases below. Read the letter again to help you.

2 What two problems does she talk about? Secondly, ... Yours sincerely when Dear + name address .I I look forward to your prompt response. 3 What does she expect to happen as a result of her letter?

Write your address in the top right corner. Customer Services, 13 Green Road

2 Write the date below your Everton Electronics, London SWl 4BB a c;.ddre55. 6 Lonsdale Road, 15 May 2010

r------, London SW3 2JM 3 Write the name and address of the company you are writing to. Jf

Dear Ms Reid, 4 Begin the letter Dear Sir or Madam, orb ___-' I am writing to make a complaint about an ADL W34 flat screen Dear Mr Stone, television that I bought from Nixon Stores on 10 May.

5 In the first paragraph say why you There are two problems with the television. Firstly, the remote are writing. Give the details of the control does not work properly: sometimes it is impossible to product, and say where and change the channel or turn the volume up. Secondly, when you c you bought it. switch the television on, the picture is not clear for the first five minutes so it is impossible to watch anything until the television 6 In the second paragraph explain warms up. I took the television back to the store, but the the problem in detail. Use manager told me I had to contact you directly. sequencing words to introduce each separate problem: Firstly, ... I am enclosing a copy of the receipt. Could you please send me d _ ___ a new television and pick up the old one or give me a refund as Thirdly, .. . Finally, .. . soon as possible? This will help the reader to follow your explanation. I look forward to hearing from you.

7 In the third paragraph say what you want to happen as a result of Yours sincerely, your letter. Chv-isfiVle f3V-OWVl Christine Brown 8 In the fourth paragraph show that you expect a reply: I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. e ____

9 Close the letter with Yours faithfully if you started it with Dear Sir or Madam. 11 Print your name underneath or If you put Dear + name, close the write it in CAPITAL LETTERS. letter with f _.. ___

80 3 Match 1-6 with a-f to form complete sentences. 6 Read the task and then write your letter of Then say in which paragraph in a letter of complaint. Use the strategies in exercise S to complaint you would find the phrase. help you. 1 I am writing to You bought a new gadget from a website. You 2 I am returning aren't happy with it. Write a letter of complaint. 3 Could you send me • Briefly give details about the gadget and 4 I would be grateful if when you bought it. ,- S I am enclosing the CD player • Complain that you had to wait a long time for 6 I look forward it to be delivered and that you didn't receive a a you could repair the CD player. reply to your questions for a long time. b make a complaint about a CD player. • Give at least two reasons why you are unhappy with the product.- c to hearing from you in the near future. d a replacement as soon as possible? • Say what you expect in response to your letter. e and the receipt. f the CD player to you. Speaking Paragraph 1: 1 Iz,____ _ Complaining Paragraph 3: ______7 Match the problems 1-4 with the expressions Paragraph 4: ______for complaining a-d. 4 Underline the correct preposition to complete 1 There is a problem with your new iPod. the sentences. 2 You want to speak to the person responsible in I am writing about a fault with/to/about the the shop. computer that I bought with/on/from your 3 You are not satisfied with the situation. website. 4 You want your money back. 2 I would like to complain with/to/about the MP3 player which I bought in/on/off your store. a Could I speak to the manager, please? 3 I look forward with/to/about hearing from/to/ b I'd like a refund, please. about you. c It doesn't work properly. 4 I am sending the printer back with/to/about d I'm really not happy about this. you with/to/about this letter. 8 Imagine you are a shop assistant. Write S When you switch the computer on/to/in, the the correct expressions to respond to the screen stays blank. situations. 6 I have put new batteries in/on/off the phone but it still does not work. I'm afraid we can't give refunds. Have you got the receipt? 5 Complete the strategies box with the words What exactly is the problem? below. I'm sorry, there's nothing I can do. .I We can exchange it if you like. explain detail date.l Secondly, You can't do anything to help the customer. Letter of complaint Ifv.. 50rr'1' there '5 f'1.othrf'1.gt I ct?rf'1. do. Make sure you write the addresses and 2 You want the customer to explain what is 1 d t'xre in the correct places. wrong. Say where and when you bought the product and 2 __ why you are writing in paragraph 3 You want to see when the customer bought one. the product. Explain the problem(s) in 3 __ in paragraph two. 4 You can offer the customer a new or similar Use sequencing words: Firstly, 4 __ to make product to replace the old one. your letter easier to follow. Remember to say what you want as a result of S You have to tell the customer that you can't the letter. give them their money back.

81 Vocabulary Grammar The natural world used to

1 3 CKJ Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and the verbs in brackets. People l//5ed 1-0 fh(f'I /::. (think) that the Earth was flat. 2 (you/believe) in Santa Claus? 3 The Sahara Desert (not/be) sandy, it (be) green. 4 Where (you/spend) your holidays when you were a child? 5 (the River Thames/freeze) when it was very cold? 1 trefos forr:!5 1- 5 eas 6 Our grandparents _____ (not/have) CDs 2 dilef 6 vewas or mobile phones. 3 keal 7 adsinl 4 (**) Choose the correct answers. If both 4 astoc answers are possible, choose both.

2 Read the text about explorer Steve Buck. Then 1 _ Britney Spear's life _ very different when complete it with the words below. she was younger? Yes! She 2 _ gymnastics when she was a little girl and she 3 _ in desert continent volcano rivers tournaments in Louisiana. She also 4 in mountain the Earth./ island sea dance shows and, one night, she 5 _ in her local mountain ranges Ocean church. At that time, she 6 _ professionally. She

also 7 _ in a Disney programme on TV for two years. She 8 _ her first solo record in 1998 and I'm Steve Buck and I'm an explorer. I've travelled she's been famous since then. all over 1 fhe Ev.rfh - it's an amazing planet! I've 1 a Was swum in the Nile and the Amazon, the world's two longest 2 and I've swum in the @ Did ... . use to be Mediterranean - it's a lovely warm 2 a started . I've climbed Everest, the ------b used to start highest 4 in the world. I've 3 a competed crossed the Sahara, the driest 5 ______in the world. I've travelled b used to compete by boat across the Atlantic 4 a performed ------it b used to perform has really big waves! I've 5 a sang walked over the Alps and b used to sing the Dolomites, two big 6 a didn't sing ------. I've been to see Mount Etna - b didn't use to sing it's a dangerous 7 a appeared ! At ------b used to appear the moment my favourite 8 a released ------is Europe. But when I'm old I b used to release want to live on a beautiful 10 in the Caribbean, like Cuba.

82 5 CI) Rewrite the verbs using used to/ didn't use to. Grammar reference Ufe 1 was/ V75Cc! ro be very different two used to hundred years ago. Most houses 2 didn't have/ Use ____ bathrooms or water ins ide. There 3 - • Use used to to talk about states in the past that are not weren't/ any radiators to keep the true now. house warm. Winters 4 were/ freezing so people ) wore/ lots of clothes. In I used to be very shy when I was young. (= I 'm not shy any more) the evening they 6 sat/ around We used to have a dog. (= We haven't got a dog now) the fire and 7 told/ stories because there was no electricity. • We also use it to talk about things that happened 6 (**) Read about Brad Pitt. Complete the text regularly in the past, but have changed now. with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Tom used to play football a lot but he stopped when he Use used to/didn't use to where possible. If not, broke his leg. use the past simple. When I was a child I used to cycle everywhere, but now I'm too lazy.

Brad Pitt 1 V7Se.c! to (t've. Form (li ve) in Oklahoma when he was a child. When I/He/ She/lt/We/ + used to work in the past. he was younger he 2 __ (dream) about being YoulThey an actor so he 3 _ _ (move) to Los Angeles I/ He/She/lt/We/ didn't use to work in the past. in 1985. However, he 4 __ (not succeed) YoulThey immediately. In the beginning, he 5 __ Did I/he/she/it/ ? use to work in the past? (work) for a restaurant and he 6 _ _ (have to) we/you/they wear a big chicken costume to advertise the Short answers restaurant! Finally, in 1988 Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they did. he 7 __ (get) his first No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they didn't. film part, but he 8 Wh- questions (not become) Where did he use to go on holiday? What films did you use to like when you were younger? famous until 1991 when he 9 __ (star) in Thelma Notice! and Louise. We can always use the past simple instead of used to. I used to be frightened of the dark when I was young. (= I was frightened of the dark when I was young.)

There is no present form of used to. Past: I used to ride a lot. Present: I ride a lot.

7 (***) Write sentences using used to and didn't use to about when you were younger. Use the ideas below to help you or your own ideas. love believe be frightened of have hate.l like play listen to vegetables.l monsters spiders favourite toy computer iPod MP3 player mobile phone

2 3 4 5 6 83 Vocabulary Grammar Global warming Present perfect with for and since

1 Match the words 1-5 with the definitions 3 CI) Complete the expressions with for or since. a-e. 1 ~ five months 4 2006 1 a flood 2 three seconds 5 last summer 2 a hurricane 3 8.30 6 a week 3 high temperatures 4 CI) Underline the correct word to complete the 4 droughts sentences. 5 rising sea levels There have been eight serious hurricanes every year a when it is hotter than normal for/since almost twenty years. b when the level of sea gets higher and 2 The Earth's temperature has risen by 1°C for/since 1900. covers more land 3 It hasn't rained in parts of Australia for/since the late c long periods when there is little or no 1990s. rain 4 The floods in India have been more serious for/since d a large amount of water that covers an the past few years. area which is usually dry 5 It has been impossible to farm in parts of Australia fori e a violent storm with strong winds since several years. 6 There have been fewer polar bears and penguins fori 2 Complete the text with the words below. since 1987. hurricanes sea levels droughts 5 CI) Complete the sentences with the present perfect melting high temperatures .I of the verbs in brackets with for or since. species floods Laura ht?tsM't Vt5ired (not/visit) her hometown St~ce Christmas. 2 Jill ______(live) in Italy __ ten months. 3 Maria (not/study) English __ last year. Global Warming 4 Gary (not/see) his cousin __ two years. The Earth's climate is changing very quickly 5 A: How long (you/know) Garry? because of global warming. These are some B: 2006. of the problems. 6 Carrie and Roberto ______(be) penfriends Many countries with 1 high last summer. reMpert?trV/y'(!-s have no water and are suffering from 2 __• 6 (**) Use the prompts to make questions with Other places have too much rain and the How long ... ? Then answer the questions using since and for. water causes 3 __• Lots of animals are in danger. Giant pandas, know/your best friend? blue whales and tigers are just some of the How IOM9 ht?tve V:;0V/ /::'MOWM v:;oV/r best frieMd? 4 __ that are in danger. I 've /::'MOWM htWher StMCe we were t?tt PY't/vlt?tY'V:; Every year there are violent storms and sChoo! 5 which destroy towns and villages. 2 lived/in the house where you live now? 6 ice at the North Pole is causing rising 7 ____ The world has to do something soon! 3 be/at your school?

4 have/your favourite possession?

84 7 C***) Complete the text with the present Grammar reference perfect or past simple of the verbs in brackets Present perfect with for and si'1ce and for or since. We use the present perfect to talk about an action that started in the past and continues into the present. Fighting hail! I've known Milly for ten years. Hail is small balls of ice that falls from the sky. We've lived in this house since 2005. 1_ _ centuries many people 2__ (think) that hailstorms happen in winter because the rain turns Notice! to ice but that is wrong. Most hailstorms happen If the action is finished, we must use the past simple: in summer when the air near the Earth is warm Shakespeare lived in London most of his life. enough for thunderstorms, but the air higher up is (= he is dead so the action is finished) cold enough for ice. I worked with Kerry between 2005 Qnd 2007. 3_ _ many years hailstorms 4 __ (destroy) (= this period is finished) crops and land. 5 __ 2008 the government of Compare this with the present perfect. Himachal Pradesh in India 6 __ (try) to find a I've lived in London for five years. (= I still live in London) solution because they 7 __ (want) to help the I've worked with Kerry for ages. (= I still work with Kerry) local farmers. Now they are looking at a new technology to help protect farmers from the terrible We often use for and since with unfinished past actions. hailstorms in the area. They want to use special guns to destroy the hail. • We use for with periods of time. Dan's worked in the company for seventeen years. The idea of anti-hail guns is not new. Scientists I've been ill for a few days. 8 _ _ (study) the possibilities 9 __ the 1800s. They 10 _(know) 11 __ decades that strong waves Other phrases that go with for: of air from a gun into the air creates pressure, that for ten minutes, for three months, for hundreds ofyears, for can turn the hail into rain. Farmers in parts of France a long time 12 _ _ (use) them in the 1970s, but they 13 __ • We use since with points in time. (not be) very successful. Now, scientist 14 __ I've been in this class since last September. (develop) a better anti-hail gun. Maybe it can help We've had this car since 2006. farmers, not only in India but all over the world! Other phrases that go with since: since 8.00, since yesterday, since last Friday, since 7998, since I was born

• We can also use phrases like all day, all week, all my life with the present perfect to describe unfinished actions: I've lived in this town all my life. My mum's been really ill all week.

• We often ask questions with How long ... ? and the present perfect. How long have you known Tom? How long has he lived here?

Grammar Plus: Adjectives with very and absolutely

8 C**) Complete the sentences with very or absolutely.

There was a 1 vert? bad hurricane last month, the winds were 2 __ terrible and the waves were 3 __ enormous all along the coast. After the

hurricane there were 4 _ _ serious floods in

some places. The year before it was 5 __ hot all summer and the high temperatures were 6 __ awful. I saw a(n) 7 __ incredible hailstorm - it was 8 __ frightening. 85 Vocabulary Reading The biggest bang in history 3 Look at the photos and read the title of the text and the first paragraph. Choose the best Write the noun forms of the verbs. 1 a answer. explain c:xP(C>hc>rtOh 1 The text is 2 disappear a a magazine article with interviews. 3 destroy b two diary extracts by disaster survivors. 4 explode 5 crash 6 inspire 7 smoke 8 erupt

b Find the nouns from exercise 1a. Look --+ and! .

d e 5 t r u c t i 0 n i x t y j n r m n m V 5 P 9 d 5 a a z 5 X C a I q w r t 5 t P h j p 0 z x c b h n i b n Every year, thousands of people's lives p 5 m 0 k e u i r 0 I are affected by disasters. This week, in e i a p b u 9 c a n m News Magazine two disaster survivors, Jamie King and a 0 z I j h k 0 t V P Fiona Jones, tell us n i 0 q 0 d i e q r 9 their stories. a w w m r r m f 0 a j n e q 9 e u k r n m k ,iji"i a;" .t§. e t 0 c r u p i n h j NM: Jamie, you were ICe x p I a n a t i 0 n} in an air disaster. 1 2 Complete the sentences with the words below. JK: Two months ago. shake destroy explosion We were flying volcanic eruption ./ ash gunfire home after a holiday uninhabited island sailing ship loud noise on a Greek island and then disaster struck. Many people died in Pompeii when there was NM:2 a VO (C t?rMfC erVlp rtOh 2 Natural disasters often ______JK: We were only in the air for a few minutes, we could still see the coast below. Suddenly there everything ar ~ und them. was an explosion and then two seconds later 3 Columns of and smoke we heard another explosion. I looked out of the explode into the sky when a volcano erupts. window and I could see a lot of smoke. The engine 4 Lots of people dream about living on an was on fire! Then the plane started to go down. _ ____ but it might be very dangerous. NM:3 5 When the volcano exploded, we heard a JK: I was absolutely terrified! Lots of people started ______. It was louder than an screaming and crying. We were very lucky. The ___or ___ . Everyone started to __ man who was flying the plane was an excellent with fear. pilot. We crashed into the water, but the plane 6 They crossed"the ocean in a ___ didn't sink. Everyone was able to get out of the plane.

86 4 Read the text and match the missing questions 5 Read the text again. Tick (v') true or cross (X) to the gaps in the text 1-7. There is one false. question you do not need. 1 D The plane disaster happened near the island. a Have you flown since then? 2 D They had to wait a long time for the ships b What happened? to arrive. c And what happened after the cyclone? 3 D Jamie hates flying now. d What did you do when the cyclone arrived? 4 D Three crocodiles attacked a car. e When did it happen? S D It will probably cost around $110,000,000 f How did you feel? to repair the damage. g Where did you sleep that night? 6 D Weather experts think the weather will get better. h Where was that?

NM: Did you have to wait long to be rescued? twenty-four hours. The army had to bring food JK : No, because we were so close to land, some and water to the whole area by plane and ships arrived very quickly and rescued us. We helicopter. The strangest thing was that waves went to hospital and then to a hotel. from the coast and rivers flooded the land and carried three crocodiles to near my house! NM: 4 One of my neighbours hit a crocodile with his JK : Yes! We had to get on a plane to go home the car - it was 1.6 metres long. next day. I was a bit worried, but it was fine. NM: Really? That's incredible! So is everything back The funny thing is that I used to hate flying. to normal again now? Now I don 't mind it, I think: 'The worst has happened. I was in a crash and I survived.' FJ: Not really. The floods have gone, but they destroyed a lot of homes and farms. It's going to cost at least 110 million dollars to repair 'it.l+f'.l:'f# the damage. NM: Fiona, you were in a cyclone. 5 _ NM: So is the weather usually this bad? FJ : In north Australia, in Normanton. FJ: No, but this summer was very That's where I live. hot. If it stays hot, there wi II NM: 6 probably be another cyclone. FJ: We all stayed inside, in the All the experts say that the basement, because that's extreme temperatures the safest place. We could and heavy rain will only hear the storm coming increase because of closer and closer. The climate change. noise was awful. At one point there was a really loud noise. I thought: 'That's it! It's going to destroy the house!' I was shaking. NM: 7 FJ: There were terrible floods. More than 360 millimetres of rain fell in just

87 Reading 4 Read the rest of the brochure. Complete each gap with a phrase from a-f below. There is one Gapped text extra phrase.

The desert region in the south-west is not an In gapped text tasks, look for two kinds of empty, dry area of sand 1,_ ' Many species 'connections': content (the same topic) and of plants and animals live there. It is also the part of grammar. Arizona 2 _ , The north-eastern plains contain some of Arizona's most spectacular sights, among them the incredible 1 Read the first paragraph of a brochure about ruins of Navajo Indian houses, the Painted Desert Arizona. What do you think the whole text will and the Petrified Forest with trees 3__ . The most be about? famous sight of,all is the Grand Canyon, created by the Colorado river. The Canyon is more 4__ . When a the desert scenery b cowboys y?~ look down its 1,000 metre walls, you can see two c different places in Arizona billion years of the Earth 's history in the rocks, hen we think about Arizona. we first think Another unusual place in Arizona is the Meteor Crater. W about cowboys riding on horseback across where, a nickel-iron meteorite weighing about 300,000' the desert among cactus plants the size of trees. But , tons hl~ th~ Earth about 50,~00 years ago. It caused ah Arizona has a great variety of scenery, cl imate, plant life e~ploslon __ .The crater IS more than a kil ometre Wide and I 70 metres deep, and wildlife,

a than 400 kilometres long and from six to 2 Match 1-4 with a-d to make sentences. twenty-nine kilometres wide. Underline the words that connect the beginning and ending of each sentence b like many other deserts. grammatically. c which melted rocks and destroyed all life 1 The Four Corners is the place within about three to four kilometres. 2 Navajo and Anasazi Indians used d and it became a national park in 1919. 3 In Arizona you can see 60 percent of all the e where most of the state's cities are located. animal species f that turned to stone about 200 million years ago. 4 The Colorado river is shorter

a than the Mississippi. Listening b that live in the United States. True/False c to build houses inside caves. d where four states meet at one point; these are LIf',,1 Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and Utah. If a sentence is true, you will hear the same information in different words. 3 Read the second paragraph of the text. Complete the gaps with a phrase from a-c below. There is one extra phrase. 5 Read the pairs of sentences. Tick (.,/) if they T he Mountain Region is the name of several mean the same and cross (X) if they don't. mounta,in ranges I __ •The highest peak, Mount 1 D I bought it on Saturday.!I've had it since Humphreys. IS 3,852 metres high 2 __ . Saturday. 2 D It's longer than I thought.!lt's not as long as a that cross the state from the northwest to the I thought. southeast. 3 D I don't know.!I'm not sure. b and there is snow at the top even in the summer. c and it is very popular with swimmers. 88 6 CID Listen to the conversation. Tick (~) true or Speaking cross (X) false. Discussing a topic using photos 1 D The customer has ha d the phone since last Thursday. 1 2 D The customer is sure which part of the ltf'1I phone is caus in g the problem. When you have to discuss a topic presented in two photos, talk about both photos and include 3 D The battery does not work as long as the all the points in the task. booklet says. 4 D The customer didn't plug the phone in correctly. 9 Read the exam task and match sentences 1-9 S D The shop assistant offers to exchange the to the bullet points. phone.

Look at these photos of people using technology Use of English in different ways. Compare and contrast the photos and give your ideas. Include the following points: Gap fill • technology used for work and for fun 7 Complete the exam tip with the words below. • good and bad aspects for young people

who a ~ be but for her in to • the role of technology in your life Itf',,1 The missing words in an exercise with gaps can include: Articles ' ~ , (an or the) before nouns, 2 __ before an infinitive (for example in learn to use, hope to go) Prepositions, for example on, since, 3 __ , 4 __ Linking words, for example and, when, 5 __ • Pronouns such as he, she, him, 6 _ _

Relative pronouns such as which, 7 _ _ or where Auxiliary verbs: do, have, 8 __ in various forms.

8 Complete the text with words from exercise 7. You may need to change the form of some of the verbs. You do not need all the words.

Long time no see Both photos show people using technology, Last week I decided to visit a place on the coast but they are using it in different ways. where I used 1_ go on holiday when I was a 2 I also use technology for both work and play. child. It hasn't changed much 2_ then. I 3_ walking along the sea, looking at the waves, 3 Technology can be very good for young people. when 4_ young woman came up to me. 'Excuse me; she asked. ' 5 _ you Ginny Crawford?"Yes, I 4 In the photo on the right, the man is probably am; I answered and then I remembered. She was working. the little girl 6_lived in the house by the beach, S The people in the first photo are using the girl I used to play with when we were both technology for fun. five years old. I remembered her name: Lily. I was 6 But it can also be bad. very happy to see 7_ again. We went to a small 7 But the most important thing for me is cafe 8 we used to have ice-cream as children, keeping in touch with friends. this time we had coffee. We talked 10 _ three hours and Lily promised to visit me in 8 For example, some people waste a lot of time London 11 _ September. 12_ she comes, I'll playing games, chatting on the Internet or invite her to my favourite restaurant. sending silly messages. 9 I can't imagine my life without technology. 89 self-assessmen

Vocabulary & Grammar 4 Write sentences in the present perfect tense using the prompts in brackets. Add for or since 1 Underline the correct words. where necessary. Can I borrow your digital camera/hairdryer? I'd 1 (It/ not rain/here/2006) like to take a picture here. If hv.5h'f rv.rhed hC're 5rhce 2006. 2 Switch the radio off/up, please. I'm studying. 2 (They/be/at school/8 o'clock) 3 It rains a lot here - we often have droughts/ floods. 3 (linot talk/to Martha/a long time) 4 Your radio isn't broken. First, you need to plug/ switch it in, and then turn it on. 4 (How long/you/know/him/?) 5 The waves in the sea/river are very big. 6 To start the machine, just charge/press this button. 5 (We/not see/our teacher/Christmas) /51 6 (Lee/live/in France/five years) 2 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. You can see the first letter of each word. 1 The largest active volcano on the E?wM today is the Mauna Lau in the Hawaiian islands. 2 Can you s_____ the time on my new 5 Underline the correct forms. watch, please. I don't lend/won't lend you my dress if you don't 3 Dinosaurs became e millions of ask me politely. years ago. 2 She'll text me when her bus arrives/will arrive. 4 My favourite g is my mobile phone. 3 If you don't give me her telephone number, I 5 I want to spend a week on an u _____ won't be able to/am not able to contact her. island. Just me and nature! 4 If the weather is/will be fine, we'll go out. 6 Scientists are studying the effects of a volcanic 5 I'll cook dinner before they come/ will come. e _____ 6 If Paul doesn't come/won't come back before 11 p.m., his parents will be very worried.

r--I------'/5 I 3 Complete the definitions with a noun from below and that, which, who or where. There are 6 Correct the mistakes in the sentences. three extra nouns. One day Nick used to bring his dog to school. remote control accountant jungle field O he dv.V;Z Nrc/;. brOV7§!hf hr5 do§! fo 5ChOO! games console shop assistantvi' customer 2 It use to snow a lot in this part of the country. answering machine desert

A/An 5hOP v. 55(5fv.hf is a person Nho sells 3 The temperature here yesterday used to be things in a shop. very high. 2 A/An is a place it is always very hot and dry. 4 When the children heard an explosion, they 3 A/An is a gadget is used to scream with fear. used to control a machine from a distance. 4 A/An is a place you 5 Did yourfather used to play football when he can find tropical trees and wild animals. was a teenager? 5 A/An is someone ____ buys things. 6 We didn't used to fly but now we go by plane 6 A/An is a gadget ___ everywhere. records messages left by callers.

90 Reading Communication 7 Read the text about Hurricane Ike and Gustav. 8 Complete the dialogues with the words and Choose the correct answer. phrases below. I'd like exchange it refund work properly Hurricane Ike and Gustav: the damage to Cuba problem receipt there's nothing HUITicane Ike hit eastern Cuba with enornlOUS waves imd very keep it speak to help you .I heavy rain last night. Ike hit Cuba only a week after Hunicane Gustav caused bad floods and destruction In many areas. Experts A: Hello, can I 1 help '10I/1 ? ay that £2.8 billion is needed to build new houses and help the B: Yes, I bought this CD player here two days p ople. Four hundred and fifty thousand homes were affected. ago and it doesn't 2 ______t least two hundred thousand Cubans have lost their homes I'd like a 3 , please.

and a huge amount of fatming land has been destroyed. A: Have you got the 4 • ? S There are also hundreds of people who desperately need B: No,ldidn't ______omewhere to stay for a few weeks. These people have no A: I'm afraid we can't give refunds if you electricity or water in their homes, so they cannot live in them don't have the receipt. But we can at the moment. Los Palacios in the western area of Pinar del Rio 6 if you like. experienced some of the strongest winds of the hurricane: winds B: I'm really not happy about this. Could I of 150 miles per hour hit the seashore, and huge waves crashed ______the manager, please? onto the shore. The strength of the winds blew lots of houses

and shops away into the sea - total destruction in many areas. 2 A: What exactly is the 8 ______? One local shop owner from Los Palacios, Ros.a, told us about B: I bought this dress here in a sale and it has the stonn: ' My family went to our local church to be safe from a big stain on it. 9 my money the hun-icanes. It was tenifying ... , we heard loud crashes and back. noises as the winds destroyed buildings. Some of my friends went to special shelters to stay warm and safe - we have these A: I'm afraid 10 I can do. We helters for bad weather conditions. I can't believe the tenible never give refunds for clothes bought in a destruction .... Miraculously, all the people of Los Palacios are sale. okay, with only some injuries. It was good to see people helping other people: young people got food, water and warm blankets for us. I was thankful. I believe that our people's strength will 9 Complete the instructions with one word in help Cuba in the next few weeks and months. each gap. You can see the first letter of each word. Hurricane Gustav hit Cuba Hurricane Ike. How to 1U ~ a games console for the first time a before b after c at the same time as 2 F of all, you switch on the system. 3 T you wait for the language selection 2 The cost of the storms for the island is screen to appear. You 4 h to use the a £450,000. b £200,000. c £2,800,000,000. control pad to select a language. 5 J___ _ 3 Many people are without _____ in their follow the instructions on the screen. When you homes. finish setting up your games console for the first a water b electricity c water and electricity time, it will shut down automatically to save your settings. Enjoy playing games but 6 d ____ 4 In Los Palacios forget to take a break from time to time! a many buildings disappeared into the sea. b the winds were weaker than in other areas. c the waves were not strong. S Rosa's family stayed in a nearby _____ Marks during the hurricanes. Vocabulary & Grammar 130 marks a special shelter b shop c church Reading 16 marks 6 In Rosa's opinion, people in Los Palacios Communication 114 marks a gave each other a lot of support during the Total: 150 marks hurricanes. b are not strong enough to recover from the hurricanes. c will need more food, water and blankets after the hurricanes.

91 .. easy to do a:J a bit harder €DJ extra challenge

Vocabulary Grammar Making a film Present simple passive

1 Match the films A-E with the descriptions 1-5. 3 GJ Put the words in the correct order to make sentences using the present simple passive. " Elizabeth The Golden Age 1 grown/in Colombia/is/a lot of coffee a film about Elizabeth I of England A (ot of coffee r5 gtrowYl (5 Co(ofvlbrv.. 2 manufactured/Ferrari cars/aren't/in Australia

3 bicycles/are/how many/every year/stolen/in Amsterdam?

4 the best watches/made/in Switzerland? / watches/are

5 the story/the director/by/is/writtenl?

The Bourne Trilogy 6 spoken/English/all over the world/ is a series of films with lots of action and suspense 7 by/chosen/isn't/the actors/the music for the film [kJ romantic comedy 2 D thriller 3 D horror 4 (**) Underline the correct forms to complete the text. 4 D historical drama 5 D fantasy/science fiction Making a film

2 Complete the sentences with the words below. The script 1 writes/is written by film writers and the producer 2 chooses/is chosen the director. Then, publicity script special effects scenes the actors 3 choose/are chosen. After that, the film actors budget director stars ./ company 4 looks/is looked for the right locations. Top 5tV.r5 earn enormous amounts of money The actors 5 do/are done some scenes on location, for a film. but it's very expensive so many scenes 6 film/are 2 ______are used a lot in science fiction filmed in the film studios. Special effects 7 don't films. add /aren't added until later. When the film is ready, it 8 doesn't release/isn't released to the public 3 A is the person who tells the immediately. Usually a small group of people actors what to do. 9 watch/is watched the film and then the editor and 4 Film companies spend money on director 10 make/are made any final changes. ______. They make posters and adverts for the films called 'trailers'. 5 The in a film are filmed in any order because they are edited afterwards. 6 The story and the lines that the actors have to learn is called the ______7 The is the amount of money that is available to make a film. 8 are the people who play different parts in the film. es 'ev ')£ 'qZ 'q L SJaMsu\f - S aspJax3 92 5 (**) Write the quiz questions and then answer the Grammar reference questions. Use the present simple passive. Present simple passive Form am ('m) invited. + We/YoulThey are ('re) invited. where/Harley-Davidson motorcycles/build? He/She/It is ('~) invited. Where are f--larleVJ Davt'cl5on h10Torcn c le5 bVTrft? I I am not ('m not) invited. We/YoulThey are not ('re not) invited. a In the UK. b In the USA. ~ c In Australia. He/She/It is not ('S not) invited. 1/ )(' Ami 2 coffee/grow/Britain? ' '/ .... ___ ? Is he/she/it invited? Are we/you/they

a Yes, it is grown in the south of the UK. Short answers b No, coffee is grown in South America. Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. c No, coffee is grown in South Europe. Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it isn't. Yes, we/you/they are. / No, we/you/they aren't. 3 where/the biggest diamond mine/ questions in the world/situate? Wh- Where are these cars produced? How often are newspapers delivered to your house? a In Africa. b In Australia. c In Siberia in Russia. Use • We use the passive when it is not important 4 the crown jewels of Britain/keep/Buckingham Palace? who does the action, or we are not interested in ------+ who does it. a No, they are kept in the Tower of London G!J e Thousands ofpeople are expected to attend the b Yes, the Queen keeps them under her bed. ~.~ c Yes, they are kept in the palace. ;_: concert. (= it doesn't matter who expects them)

(~-' Il J)( ~" These bags are made in Italy. (= it doesn't matter who makes them) 5 whereNolkswagen cars/produce? .. - • .. • We also often use the passive when it is obvious who does the action. a In Germany. b In Italy. c In Switzerland. Lots of people are arrested at football matches. Answers on page 92 (= obviously the police arrest them) I'm not invited to Joe's party. (= obviously Joe 6 (***) Complete the sentences so the meaning is the hasn't invited me) same. Use the correct form of the present simple passive. 1 Cinemas often show foreign films with subtitles. • We can still say who does the action in passive sentences, using by Forer(}n frlh15 Nrfi1 5//Tbtrtle5 are often 5hoNh rh Crheh1a5. This car is made by Renault. 2 People watch foreign language films all over the world. Thousands of people are killed by drunk drivers every year. Foreign language films ______

3 People don't translate every word from the original script. Every word from the original script ______

4 Many countries use the same people to dub the voices of lots of different actors. The same people ______

5 Producers shorten the subtitles to make them easier to read. Subtitles ------93 Vocabulary Grammar TV programmes Past simple and present perfect passive

1 What kind of TV programmes do the pictures 4 CD Underline the passive verbs. Are they past show? Label the pictures with the words below. simple (PS) or present perfect (PP)? sports programme .I cartoon quiz show 1 Harry Potter was written by JK Rowling. The cookery programme weather forecast first book came out in 1997. P5 news 2 Paul McCartney wrote Yesterday when he was only nineteen years old. ______3 Big Brother has been filmed in almost seventy countries so far. ______4 Bruce Lee was filmed in slow motion because he moved too fast for the camera. ______5 The Dolby surround stereo system was first used in the movie Star Wars. ______

5 CD Complete the sentences with the correct form of the past simple passive.

Amazing early film facts!

2 ______5 ______* Early films 1 were Made (make) in black and white and they didn't have sound. * In the cinema, music 2 ___ (play) to accompany the film .

* In the beginning, films 3 ____ (not shown) in cinemas. They were shown in theatres. * The first cinema, called the Nickleodeon, 4 (open) in Pittsburgh in 1905 3 6 ______* How 5 _ _ (films/ sell)? They 6 __ (sell) by the metre! In the USA they cost around forty-five cents per metre . 2 Match the words 1-6 with the definitions a-f. * Some of' the first special effects 7 ____ (create) 1 A soap opera by the Edison company. 2 An advert * The first animated cartoon 8 ___ (not made) 3 The news until 1908. It was called Fantasmagorie. 4 A documentary 5 A comedy series 6 CD Complete the sentences with the correct 6 A reality show form of the present perfect passive. a tries to make us buy a product. 1 Millions of films Mcwe beer. I'vlade (make) b gives us factual information on different since the start of cinema. topics. 2 ______(that film release) on DVD yet?

c is a fictional series about everyday life. 3 The Oscar winners ------d is a programme where the people aren't actors (not decide) yet, but I think the actors ______(nominate). and they are filmed doing things. e are programmes about funny situations that 4 How many ______(films direct) by try to make us laugh. Steven Spielberg? f is a programme that tells us what is happening 5 A: (the actors choose) yet? in our country and the rest of the world. B: No, but the script (write). 6 The film (translate) into 3 Can you think of a programme in your country three different languages, but the dubbing for each type of programme in exercises 1 and 2? ______(not finish) yet. 94 7 (**) Complete the sentences about the Pirates Grammar reference of the Caribbean films using the correct form of Past simple and present perfect passive the past simple or present perfect passive. Past simple passive 1 Walt Disney Pictures released Th e Curse of the To form the past simple passive we use the verb to be in Black Pearl in 2003. the past simple (was/were) + the past participle. The Curse of the Black Pearl WC'5 r('(('t/J5e a rn Form 200"1 b VJ Wv,!f" Q' 5ncVJ P'Crf/1YC5. 2 The makers based the film on a theme park I/He/She/lt was arrested. + ride at Disney theme parks. We/YoulThey were arrested. The film ______I/He/She/lt was not (wasn't) arrested. 3 The producer rejected t he original script. We/YoulThey were not (weren't) arrested. The original script ______Was I/he/she/it 4 The second and third films have broken box ? Were we/you/ invited? office records. they Box office records ______Short answers 5 The popularity of the films has surprised all the Yes, I/he/she/it was. / No, I/he/she/it wasn't. main actors. Yes, we/you/they were. / No, we/you/they weren't. All the main actors ______Wh- questions 8 (***) Read the leaflet about Disney World. When was the Internet invented? Complete the text using the correct form of the Where was this programme recorded? verbs in brackets. Use the past simple or the present perfect. Present perfect passive _ To form the present perfect passive we use the verb "f1'(4'i'?rmntnlj["in6~ to be in the present perfect (have/has been) + the past h' h 1 (desIgn) * It's the only theme par k w IC participle. by Walt Disney. Form * It 2 (visit) by more than 515 million people . ce it 3 (open) in 1955. Sin I . I/We/YoulThey have been arrested. A h'ld 4 (photograph) with Wa t DIsney + He/She/It ~ Two C I ren 5 has been arrested. as the first visitors to DisneyWorld and they. W Id l/We/YoulThey have not (haven't) been arrested. (give) special tickets to allow them to go to DIsney or He/She/It has not (hasn't) been arrested. whenever they wanted ... forever!! ? Have I/we/you/they been invited? 1;:{ The park celebrated its 50th birthday in 2005 ~nd lots Has he/she/it of the old funfair rides 6 (restore) for thIS. Short answers Yes, I/we/you/they have. / No, I/we/you/they haven't. Grammar Plus: Time expressions in passive ~h~h~th~/~h~h~h~n~ sentences Wh- questions 9 (***) Rewrite the sentences with the words in Why haven't I been invited to Sara's party? brackets in the correct place. Where have the criminals been taken? Their last film was finished. (never)

thew (t/J5 f fr(fy, Wt/J5 never frnt5hed. 2 Music is chosen by specialists. (sometimes)

3 Reality shows are shown in the evening. (usually)

4 Special effects are created by computers. (often)

5 Part three of the film was finished. (never)

95 Vocabulary Listening Describing books and fi lms 3 GD You are going to listen to five short interviews. Listen to the introduction and Complete the sentences with the words below. 1 choose the best answer. novel magazines./ poetry comics The interviewer is doing the survey newspaper short stories blog a in the street. b in a TV studio. c in a school.

I like reading geographic w>t?r!j1t?r2'(nC5 because 4 GD Read the opinions a-g. Then listen to the they have interesting articles about various street survey again and match the speakers 1-5 places in the world and great photographs. with their opinions a-g. There are two extra 2 A lot of children like because they opinions. enjoy the stories and pictures. 1 Jamie 4 Mr Brown 3 I have started writing a ____ on the 2 Lisa 5 Chris Internet about my life. 3 Valerie 4 I think it must be difficult to write ____ because you have to really think about the a Adverts try to make people buy things that meaning of the words. they don't need. 5 I'm reading a great . The characters b Most adverts aren't very interesting, and events are not real , but it's very good. particularly adverts for things like shampoo. 6 Most people read the in the morning c They shouldn't have adverts during films on to find out what has happened in the world. television. It's annoying. 7 I prefer reading to long books d You can learn a lot from adverts about because you can read them quite quickly. different products. 2 Complete the description of Ellie's favourite e Children shouldn't watch TV adverts, it just book with the words and phrases below. makes them want more toys. f It's a good thing to have the same adverts on was written by was released is called ./ many times, it helps you remember them. stars It's set favourite part characters it's about I like it because g Adverts are okay, but they last too long and they shouldn't be on so often.

2 in My favourite book 1 (5 ct?llied Eragon. 5 GD Listen to the interviews again. Tick (./) true an imaginary country an d 3 a boy called. or cross (X) false. Eragon who finds an egg in the fo~est. He takes It 1 D The interviewer is doing the survey in home and a dragon comes out o~ It. In the story, the London. 4 are trying to save their country. . 2 D Jamie likes adverts for cars. the story is full of adventure and r:n~glc. It -6- - - a writer called Christopher Paolini. 3 D Lisa likes adverts in the cinema. 4 D Valerie always listens carefully to all the The book has also been made into a film. The adverts. film 7 in 2006 and it 8 Edward 5 D Mr Brown watches TV channels that don't Speleers, Jeremy have adverts. Irons and Robert Chris enjoys watching film trailers on TV. Carlyle. They are 6 D great actors! My 9 is Reading when Eragon flies on his dragon, 6 Look at the texts A-E and match them to the Saphira, for the correct description 1-5. first time. 1 D Information about what's on at a cinema 2 D Advert for a film 3 D Film blog 4 D Extract from a TV guide 5 D Description of a film fro m a book about films

96 7 Read the texts and answer the questions. 8 Read the texts. Tick (v') true, cross (X) false or 1 Who is the writer of Rachel Getting Married? write (?) if the text doesn't say. 1 0 Kim hasn't met Rachel 's future husband 2 How much does a student ticket cost at the before. Odeon Cinema ? 2 0 A cinema ticket for a ten-year old costs four pounds. 3 How many performances of Bride Wars are 3 0 If you want to book a cinema ticket, you there each day? must do it on the Internet. 4 0 There are no programmes for sports fans 4 What kind of programme is Rosa? on Thursday. S 0 The film poster says that Slum dog S Who was Slumdog Millionaire directed by? Millionaire has won ten Oscars. 6 0 Slam has already been translated into Japanese. 6 In the book Slam, what is the main character's favourite sport?

, :, I ., ; Rachel Getting Married ( USA, 2008.1 hour 54 min.) Drama. Di rected by Jonathan Demme. Stars Anne Hathaway, Rosemarie DeWitt, Debra Winger ,:~< ~' /. ~ : ~'!Hf fffl-GOOO fILM I

97 Writing Adverts and notices 2 Read the adverts and notices again and write the abbreviations for the Read the adverts and notices and answer the questions. 1 words below. What has Mike lost? What does it look like? 1 tickets fclf5 2 weekends 2 What is Ruth offering? 3 non-smoker 4 mobile 3 How much is the room in Marek's apartment? 5 minutes 6 as soon as possible 4 How is Clara planning to travel to Stratford? 7 year-old 8 per hour 5 What kind of animal has Jan found? What does it look like?

1 Give your advert or LOST!! notice a title. MP3 pl~yer with silver and black case L-______~ r-r Lost in sports centre on Tues 12 June 3 Say who to contact and give the number. Use Cal// 2 Give details such as the £10 reward! . Phone/Contact + name. date or description. You can Ii" If you've found it, please contact M~I-- V For a mobile number use write the day in full or give ~ on 01024653378 t mob (= mobile). the short form (Mon, Tues, Weds, Thurs, Fri, Sat, Sun). If you are selling something, ' ~~~~~~;;;;;;, ~~~~A give the price. SNOWBOARDING LESSONS AVAILABLE ~ Individual or small groups - wknds only £20-£30 p.h. 4 For classes give the V~ Experienced teacher - classes for all ages cost per hour: £20 p.h. Phone Ruth on 548 44 23 09 (mob 653762991 )

5 If you are offering something, for example ROOM FOR RENT you are looking for a Looking for accommodation near Styles C~llege? 6 You can use roommate or sell ing Nice, big room available in apartment 10 mms . abbreviations in something, you can begin walk from the college and near shops and public r: your adverts/notices: with a question to get N/S = non-smoker transport (underground 15 mins and. buses 76). people's interest: 3~, ~ (someone who Looking for a new guitar? I'm a 23 yr old Polish student, who likes mu~ doesn't smoke), Need a room to rent? photography and walking. N/S pis. ~?---~ mins = minutes, £85 p.w. pis = please. Call Marek on 01207 3547988 7 Give prices for rooms ...... per week: (p.w .)

TRIP TO STRATFORD I'm organising trip to visit Shakespeare's ~OLJtJD . birthplace and see Romeo and Juliet wknd sW\all blaclc: and wh ,fe 8 You can miss out the 26-27 March. c..af wifh v-ed collav­ verb be, pronouns and Cost around £30 for transport (train) plus £25 articles: write ~ound in av-ea neav- / for night in youth hostel. Tckts for play £30. Bv-ouJn \s Infev-nef c..ate Cost around £30 Interested? instead of ~ease confacf Jan on The cost is around £30. Call Clara on 0141 798532 a.s.a.p. 0788 124357 (mob 07189 55341) .

98 3 Write full sentences from the advert and notice 6 Read the task and write your advert. Use the phrases below. strategies in exercise 5 to help you. 1 Want to go on trip to Stratford? You are on a language course in London. You are Do 10Vl wc>""r ro §to 0"" c> t-rriz ro looking for people who would like to go on a trip 5 f"rc>t{oY'd? to Oxford at the weekend with you. Write a short 2 Need classes in Maths or Phys ics? advert to put on the school notice board. In the advert: 3 Can give classes evs or at wknd. • say that you are looking for students who want to go on a trip, • include details about the trip (when it is, 4 Lost blue mobile phone. where it is to, how long it is, how much it costs, how you will travel), 5 Looking for a room to rent? • write how to get in touch with you.

6 Organising trip to London next Sat. Speaking

4 Read the task and then read Marek's advert on Making phone calls page 98 again. What information does he not 7 Put the telephone conversation in the correct include? order. You are doing a language course in the UK and B: D Typical Josh! I'll tell him to call you as soon you are looking for a roommate. Write an advert. as he can. I n the advert: B: D I'm sorry but he isn't here at the moment. • explain why you are writing, Why don't you try his mobile? • describe your apartment and its location, A: [ZJ Hi. Could I speak to Josh, please? • write information about yourself (nationality, A: D Thanks. Bye for now. interests, character qualities), A: [£] Well, I've already tried but there's no • explain what kind of person you would like to answer. Can you take a message for him? share the apartment with. B: D Yes, just a minute, I'll get him. 5 Complete the strategies box with the words A: D Thank you ... below. B: D Of course. Who's calling? unnecessary.l pronouns title A: D It's David. Could you tell him that he left contact details his iPod at my flat last night?

Adverts and notices 8 Complete the dialogue with the phrases below. Speak to you soon Natalie speaking .I Decide what information you need to include. Is Fiona there? why don't you try her mobile? Make notes for your advert or notice. Choose she isn't here at the moment. the things you need to say. Don't include

1 VlhheCe55t:1Y'1 information. Natalie: Hi, 1 Nc>rc>lr"e 5,pec>/:.r0.fj Write the advert/notice. You can miss out the Eddie: Hi, Natalie, it's Eddie. 2 ______verb to be, 2 _ _ and articles. Natalie: Hi, Eddie. I'm sorry, 3 ______Remember to include some 3 __ • Can I take a message? Give your advert/notice a 4 __ • Eddie: Yes, please. Can you tell her that I got the tickets for the cinema tonight and that I'll meet her there at 7.30? Natalie: Sure, Eddie. I'll tell her. Listen, 4 • She's got it with her. Eddie: Great idea, Natalie, I'll do that now. Thanks. 5 ______Natalie: Bye for now, Eddie.

99 .. easy to do a:J a bit harder ~ extra challenge

Vocabulary Grammar Serious crimes? Second conditional 1 Read the newspaper extracts and complete the 2 CD Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences in gaps with the words below. the second conditional. vandalism fake ID speeding burglary./ Brian and Craig wouldn't dropping litter playing truant attacking 2 If Jo wanted to go out on a school night, robbery downloading music illegally 3 Wendy would use her father's car shoplifting 4 If Harry tried shoplifting, S What would you do Police arrest three men 6 If I found ten euros in the street,

Police arrested three men last night for I bl/lY'glt71Y',?' a if he gave her permission. The men have stolen money, TVs and computers from over eighty houses in the last month. b his parents would be furious. c I would keep it. Bank drama! d she would have to ask her parents. e play truant. They love school. There was a 2 in a bank in town yesterday. A man stole $100,000 but his car f if you saw a crime? broke down and he was caught by police. 3 (**) Underline the correct forms to complete the sentences. Tom tried/would try to get into an '1 8' film if he School 3 __-­ looked/would look older. Two teenagers are 1ll 2 If there was/would be a disco for sixteen to trouble after they broke eighteen-year-olds, young people didn't use/ windows at a local school wouldn't try to use fake IDs. and wrote on the walls 3 What did you do/would you do if someone with paint. offered/would offer you a stolen computer? 4 Naomi didn't feel/wouldn't feel comfortable if her boyfriend drove/would drive over the speed Are our roads safe? limit. The number of people who drive too fast is S If Tim didn't listen/wouldn't listen to free music increasing. 4 is becoming a serious on the Internet, he was/would be unhappy. problem.

_, is a big problem,' say shop managers City centre cameras see everythi~9 The Amdale centre loses thousands o~ pounds e~ery Cameras in the city centre have helped pollee ear becau e people take things wlth?ut paymg. catch criminals. A man was arrested for 7 an old lady. The lady was taken to ~olice were called after two teens tned to steal 6 hospital. Officials also say that the cameras DVDs yesterday. The teens were ---- They didn't go to class in the afternoon and went to can see people who drop papers and other things on the ground. These people could the shopping centre instead. have to pay a fine for 8 •

New under I8s disco Make music cheaper! A club plans -to have a special early evening disco A survey has shown that people for youn~ people every Saturday from 7-10.30 p.m. would stop 10 on their !o try to stop young people using 9 to get computers if websites reduced mto the over 18s club nights. the cost of buying music online.

100 4 C**) Read Kevin's blog and complete the text Grammar reference using the correct form of the second conditional. Second conditional Form Hi there everyone, We use the second conditional to describe imaginary situations and their results. We use if + past simple, and I'm in a very bad mood today. I w atched a then to talk about the situation we are imagining, we use documentary on TV last night about teenage crime. would/wouldn't + verb. I was really angry about it! Th ey sa id teenagers

do a lot of bad things, but I 1 NOf/lldhf- do (not Condition Result do) those things, even If someone 2 If + past simple would + infinitive without to --- (pay) me I I mean, 3 __ (you/attack) someone in If I was famous, I wouldn't (= would not) worry the street If you 4 __ (kn ow) they had a lot of about studying. moneYI If you ~ __ (drive) you r parents' car IfJohn had a better job, he'd (= would) buy a sports car. 6 __ (you/speed) around town? Of course not! If I didn't go to school, I'd (= would) stay in bed until

Oh, and I 7 (not steal) a new laptop or midday. IPod If myoid one 8 __ (brea k down)!! Ifyou had the choice, would you study French instead ofEng/ish? Most teenagers are good people I Kevin If can go at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

If people didn't pay for music, artists wouldn't make records. 5 (***) Write what you would and wouldn't do if Artists wouldn't make records if people didn't pay for music. these situations happened to you. What would you do if ... Sometimes we use would on its own, without the if 1 you saw a group of young people writing clause. graffiti on a new building? I'd lie about my age.

I NO f/I Idh T 20'1 0h'1Thfhe'. I wouldn't lie about my age. Would you lie about your age? I MJof/lld rell -!he OMJhCr of-!hc bf/lr/drht). Yes, I would.lNo, I wouldn't. 2 your best friend copied from you in an exam?

Notice! Compare the meaning 9f the first and the 3 you saw a burglar in your neighbour's house? second conditional sentences. The first conditional describes a real possibility in the future: 4 some friends wanted to go to see an '18'film If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes and you were all only fifteen years old? on Saturday. The second conditional describes an imaginary possibility: If I had lots of money, I'd buy my own flat.

Grammar Plus: If I were you, I'd .. .

6 (**) Write advice for each person. Use the verbs below and If I were you, I'd .... ask her to go out with you get a Saturday job ask your teacher for help go to the doctor.!

'I don't feel well: If I were V;Z0f/l, ICi t)0 ro !-he doctor. 2 'I really like this girl in my class:

3 'I don't understand my homework:

4 '1 haven't got any money:

101 Vocabulary Grammar Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing Reported requests and commands

1 Complete the table with the -ed and -ing form 4 CB Match the direct speech in sentences 1-6 to of the adjectives. the reported speech in sentences a-f.

Verb Adjectives 1 'Sit down: 2 'Please, can you sit down?' annoy c;.""""0'11""9/ c;.""""0'1 ed bore boring/ __ 3 'Don't sit down: disappoint __ /disappointed 4 'Sit down immediately!' embarrass embarrassing/ __ S 'You shouldn't sit down: excite exciting / __ frighten __ Ifrightened 6 'You should sit down: frustrate __I_- a She asked them to sit down. interest --linterested please pleased/ _ _ b She advised them to sit down. surprise __ /surprised c She told them not to sit down. terrify -_/_- d She advised them not to sit down. worry -_/_- e She told them to sit down. f She ordered them to sit down. 2 Find eight of the adjectives from exercise 1. Look -+ and !. 5 CB Underline the correct words to complete the sentences. ( e x c i t i n g' w y 'Stop!' the guard said to the shoplifters.

b q a a w r t t 0 u The guard told/advised the shoplifters to stop/stop.

0 z c v n m 9 9 r b 2 'You should take an aspirin; Kate said to me. r e x c i t e d r 0 Kate ordered/advised me to take/take an aspirin. 3 'Can you pass my book?' Pete's mother said to him. e a s d f 9 h m i r Pete's mother asked/told him to pass my/her book. d e r r t y i P e i 4 'Put your hands up right now!' the police officer a s f 9 h j k m d n said to the burglar. t e r r i f Y i n 9 The police officer ordered/advised the burglar to a n n 0 y i n 9 u 0 put your/his hands up. w 0 r r y i n 9 t I S 'Don't touch the dog!' the mother said to the child. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct The mother told/asked the child not to touch/ don't adjective. There are some extra adjectives. touch the dog. an noyed/an noyi ng fru strated/fru strati ng 6 (**) Complete the sentences in reported speech. disappointed/disappointing bored/boring .I Use tell, order, advise or ask. exciting/excited terrified/terrifyi ng 1 'Put the baseball bat down; the police officer said worried/worrying to the burglar. 1 I hate football. I think it's really borrhg. The police officer rold the bvrrglar to pvrt the ba5eball bat dONf/l. . 2 Fiona's results were . She usually does very well. 2 'Don't be late home; my father said to me. 3 Did you see that action film on TV last night? My father ______It was great! It was so ____ 3 'Switch your computer off immediately!' Ben's 4 Our car broke down in the middle of a forest. It mother said to him. was the most ____ experience of my life. Ben's mother ______S My dad was very ____ when I was 4 'You should do more exercise; the doctor said to caught shopl ~fting. Karen. 6 I just can't understand this exercise at all. It's so The doctor ------5 'Can you open the window for me?' Rita said to 7 Claudia isn't sleeping well. She is ____ David. about her exams. Rita ______102 7 (**) Look at the cartoons. Write the sentences Grammar reference in reported speech. Reported requests and commands

Don't move l Direct and reported speech When we report what someone said we can give the person's exact words (direct speech):

'Go away,' she said to him. 'Please can you pass me the sugar?' I asked her. Or we can use a verb that describes what they said (reported speech): She told him to go away. I asked her to pass me the sugar.

Reported requests and commands We report requests and commands using ask/tell + infinitive. Direct speech Reported speech 'Hurry up!' I said to my friends. I told my friends to hurry up. ri ght now l 'Can you help me?' Ann asked Ann asked him to help her him. the police officer -+ the bank robber the polt"ce officer ToldHre bVihK robber Notice! TO pvrt /'(5 /'Vihd5 (h the Vi(Y: Remember word order in the negative form. 'Don't say a word.' ~ He told her not to say a word. 2 John · ~ his friend

Other reporting verbs 3 boy - ~ his teacher You can use other reporting verbs, for example, order or advise to show how or why the person spoke. 4 teacher ~ the students Direct speech Reported speech 'Go to bed immediately!' She ordered the children to 5 the dentist -+ the man go to bed immediately. 'I think you should He advised me to apologise.' apologise. 6 the girl - ~ the dog

Notice! 8 (***) Read the story and then put the direct These reporting verbs order and advise take a noun/ speech into reported speech. pronoun (the children, me) + infinitive (to go, to One night Julian was coming home late from a apologise). party. Suddenly all the lights in the street went He ordered the children to go back to the classroom. off and he couldn't see anything. When he got She advised me to apologise to my friend. home, he couldn't open the front door! Julian

climbed in a window. He heard a voice. 1 'Don't move!' a man said. Julian was terrified. 2 'Lie on the floor; the man said. 3 'Please don't hurt me; Julian said. Suddenly the lights came on again and Julian saw his neighbour with a baseball bat. Julian was in the wrong house! 4'You should carry a torch in the future; his neighbour said. Julian laughed. 5 'Can you lend me one?' he asked. 1 A MVih told ,1vrl(Vih hot to Move. 2 3 4 5 103 Vocabulary Reading Crime 4 Read the introduction to a novel and choose the correct answers. 1 Match the verbs in column A with the phrases in column B. A B The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time 1 threaten~a valuable possessions is a murder mystery novel like no other. The 2 get b a crime detective, and narrator, is Christopher Boone. 3 have c someone with violence Christopher is fifteen and has Asperger's 4 protect d victim of crime Syndrome, a form of autism. He knows a lot 5 commit e yourself about Maths and very little about people. He loves lists, patterns and the truth. He hates the 6 bea f someone for something colours yellow and brown and he hates people 7 blame 9 someone/something to touch him. He has never gone further than the 8 fear h hurt end of the road on his own, but when he finds out that someone 2 Complete the 'word mapl with the words below. has killed a Then add your own ideas. neighbour's dog, commit.l threaten valuable possessions he starts a blame protect a crime a victim fear terrifying journey get hurt commit a crime violence that changes his whole world. verbs crime

useful expressions nouns

report v; cY'tfv..e to t-he police

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night­ Time is 3 Use the words below to complete the a a typical detective story. sentences. You do not need all the words. b a book about autistic children. victim protect threaten get hurt c an unusual mystery story. valuable possessions .I fear commit 2 Christopher is good at blame a Maths. Teenagers have more v v; (l/TC1b(e p055e 5510h5 b telling the truth. nowadays. c understanding people. 2 If you are the __ of a crime, you should go 3 Christopher ... on his own. to the police as soon as possible. a often explores the town 3 Lots of teenagers give their valuables to b never usually goes to places robbers because they don't want to __. c always goes to other roads 4 Reports want to __ teenagers for the rise in crime because they carry expensive items with 4 When Christopher decides to investigate a them. crime 5 It's easier to __ someone if they are alone a his life changes a lot. so always go out in a group of people. b nothing changes in his life. 6 What is your worst __? c he travels all over the world. 104 he next day was Saturday and there is not much to do on a Saturday so I decided to do some more detective work on my own. T I decided to go and ask other people who live in our street if they had seen anyt hmg strange on Thursday night. Talkmg to strangers is not something I usually do. I do not like talking to strangers because I do not like people I have never met before. They are hard to understand. When there is a new teacher at school, I don't talk to them for weeks and weeks. I just watch them unnll know they are safe. Then 1 ask them questions about themselves, like whether they have pets and what is their favourite colour, what kind of car they drive and 1 ask them to draw a plan of their house so I get to know them. So talking to other people in our street was brave. But if you are going to do detective work you have to be brave, so I had no choice. I noticed the old lady who lives at number thirty-nine was in the front garden cutting her hedge. Her name is Mrs Alexander. She has a dog. It is a Dachshund, so she's probably a good person because she likes dogs. But the dog wasn't in the garden with her. It was inside the house. 1 went up to Mrs Alexander and said, 'Do you know anything about Wellington *?' And she said, 'I heard about it yesterday Dreadful. Dreadful.' I said, 'Do you know who killed him?' And she said, 'No, I don't.' I said, 'Thank you for helping me with my investigation.' And she said, 'You're Christopher, aren't you? ' I said, 'Yes . 1 live at number thirty-six. ' And she said, 'It's very nice of you to come and say hello.' 1 didn't reply to this because Mrs Alexander was doing what is called chatting where people say things to each other which aren't questions and answers and aren't connected. 1 was about to turn and walk away when she said, '1 have a grandson your age. ' 1 tried to do chatting by saying, 'My age is fifteen years and three months and three days.' And she said, 'Well, almost your age. ' Then she said, 'Do you want to come in for tea? ' And I said, 'I don't go into other people's houses.' And she said, 'Well, maybe I could bring some out here. Do you like biscuits?' And I said, 'Yes, some sorts of biscuits.' Then she turned and went into the house. She moved very slowly because she was an old lady and she was inside the house for more than six minutes and I began to get very nervous because I didn't know what she was doing in the house. 1 didn't know her well enough to know whether she was telling the truth. So I walked away

* Wellington is the name of the dog that was killed. 84

5 D Mrs Alexander can't give Christopher any 5 Read a page from the novel and tick (v") true, information about who killed the dog. cross (X) false or write (?) if the text doesn't say. 6 D Mrs Alexander's grandson looks very 1 Christopher is usually very busy on D similar to Christopher. Saturday. 7 D Mrs Alexander goes to make some tea for 2 Christopher needs time to understand D herself and Christopher to have in the people that he hasn't met before. garden. 3 D Mrs Alexander lives on her own. S D Christopher leaves because he gets bored. 4 D Mrs Alexander hasn't heard the news about Wellington . 105 Reading Multiple choice To eliminate wrong answers, find information in 1 Read the first paragraph of a film review and the text which shows why they are wrong. the question. A student has worked with the text to choose the right answer. Tick (v") the correct answer and cross (.x) the wrong ones. 3 Read the rest of the review and choose the right answers to the questions. Underline the phrases New on DVD ... which helped you. It is not easy to make a traditional detecti~e novel into a film. A lot of what makes it interestlng.­ ! For the 1974 film version director Sydney Lumet the thought process of solving the mystery - IS 1 brought together a cast of the greatest stars of difficult to show on screen. This often leads to ! th~ day, including Sean Connery, Ingrid Bergman, long scenes in which the detective talks to other 1 Michael York and Lauren Bacall. The film is filled characters, explaining his ideas. 1 with ~Iamorous interiors, beautiful people wearing 1 beautiful clothes, exotic locations and every sort of Why is it hard to film a detective novel? i luxury. (In ~act, a real crime was committed during a D It's difficult to show the mystery. 1 the production when all the expensive food ordered Ir'5 arffrcvrlt to 5hON 'the thovrg;hr ! for one of the scenes was stolen!) A real Orient proce55 ~ hot the M'15rert1' ! Express engine from the 1930s was borrowed from . b D The characters always talk too much. I a museum and filmed on location in the French Alps. i (he aerecfrve Cohe chcwVocrer) ofteh 0 0t Some viewers thought the film was brilliant. Others 1 VoINVo'15) tVoI/:.5 Vo lot. ! ! found Albert Finney's acting as Poi rot unnatural, ! c D Some things are not easy to present 1 and the whole movie a bit boring. Agatha Christie 1 ' visually drffrcvrlt to 5hON Oh 5creeh ! pre~erred it to all other film versions of her novels. ! 1 So, If you want to have an opinion, see it for 2 Read the second paragraph and the question. ! Choose the correct answer. Use the underlined Iyourself! I phrases to help you. Explain why the wrong answers are not correct.

Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie is. Which reason for the film's success is not given set in the 1930s. The Orient Express, a lux~ry train in the text? travelling from Istanbul to Calais, is stuck In deep a a good script snow somewhere near Belgrade. On board .are ~ b attractive scenery Russian princess, a Hungarian diplomat with ~IS beautiful wife, a British army officer, a talkative c famous actors American widow and a number of other c~aracters: including the famous. detective Hercule POI rot. DUring 2 What were viewers' opinions of the film? the night, a man is murdered in his compartment. a Most of them thought it was great. Poirot is asked by the railway company .to solve the b Nearly all of them thought it was boring. mystery. Step by step, he discovers the links betwee~ c Some of them disliked one of the actors. the victim and the remaining twelve passenge~s. It IS certainly one of th.e best crime novels ever written.

The passengers on the train a belong to different European nationalities. b have connections to the murdered man. cask Poi rot to solve the mystery.

106 Use of English Speaking Sentence transformation Guided conversation

6 Read the task and do the preparation exercises Itf',,1 below. Certain pairs of structures often appear in sentence transformation tasks. It is a good idea to learn them. Imagine the following ;; situation. You and your friend are going to spend the evening at home watching 4 Complete the second sentence so that it means TV. Here are some pictures the same as the first. Use no more than three of programmes you could • words. watch. Decide together Active ~ passive (attention: different tenses) which three programmes The Lumiere brothers made the first film in you are going to see. 4 __---:=-_ 1895. The first film ______the Lumiere brothers in 1895. 2 Sentence with because ~ second conditional I don't buy CDs because they are so expensive. 5 _____ If CDs weren't so expensive, ____ buy them. 3 Direct speech ~ reported speech ~' E 1 5porT5 'You should watch DVDs in English;the progrV,MMe 2 _____ 6 _____ teacher said to Elena. The teacher advised ____ Write the names of the types of TV programme DVDs in English. a under the pictures. 4 Comparisons: more ... than ... ~ not as ... as Recent films are more violent than old ones. b Complete gaps 1-7 with the words below and gaps a-f with names of TV programmes from Old films are not recent ones. exercise 6a. 5 Past with inion ... (date) or ago ~ present perfect with since or for great about idea interested interesting Let's.l would Francis Coppola started working in film in 1960.

Francis Coppola ____ in film since 1960. A: ' Lel-'-;; watch the a--- B: But I'm not really 2 in sports. 5 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three A: So what 3 you like to watch? words. B: I'd like to see the b ___ I watch old films because I'm interested in the A: Oh, come on! They're for little children. history of cinema. B: I just like them ... We're not going to watch If I wasn't interested in the history of cinema, I the ( , are we? ______old films. A: No, it's not 4 to watch someone 2 We came to live here twenty years ago. cooking food which you can't eat.

We here for twenty years. B: How 5 the d ? We'll see who can 3 This comedy was funnier than the one we answer the questions faster! watched last week. A: Okay. That's a good 6 • But perhaps we The comedy we watched last week wasn't should watch the e first. ______this one. B: Yes, we should know what's happening in the 4 'Don't touch anything!' the officer said to us. world, shouldn't we? The officer ordered touch anything. A: And then part thirty-five of our favourite ___ . We need to know if Lucinda will 5 Our studio has made twenty films this year. marry Jeremy, don't we. Twenty new films by B: That sounds 7___ _ our studio this year. 107 se -assessmen

Vocabulary & Grammar 4 Complete the sentences with the verbs below in the correct passive form. 1 Match an adjective from column A with a noun from translate protect blame attack column B. download direct.l commit A B 1 comedy a programme Schindler's List wCr'i arrectedby Steven Spielberg. 2 quiz b opera 2 More and more crimes each year 3 soap c forecast ______by young people. 4 special d show 3 His book ______into three S cookery e story languages already. 6 film f series 4 Last week my younger brother 7 short g effect ______in the street. 8 weather h studio S Robbie's parents ______many times for his bad behaviour at school. 2 Complete the sentences with one adjective in each 6 Thousands of songs ______gap. You can see the first letter of each adjective. illegally every day. 1 The film was so bOrth9 that we left the cinema. 7 It was very hot at the music festival but 2 Ann's exam results were really d ______we from the sun She hoped for about 90 percent but she got only by the trees. 65 percent. 3 I'm s that Tom wants to invite Gill to his party. He doesn't like her. 5 Use the verbs below to report the 4 I forgot the words and stopped singing in the middle requests and commands. of the song. In front of the whole school! It was so advise .I tell ask order advise e ______'Take your driving test later, Lisa: S You should read the article about global warming in (Lisa's best friend ---. Lisa) yesterday's newspaper. It's very i ______{i'iCr /'i be 'it friend Crdvr5ed heY' -1-0 6 I was t when I saw a big black dog tCrKe heY' drtVrh9 re'it fCrter: following my little sister. 2 'Can you help me with my Maths Our coach is p ______with our team. We 7 homework?' (I ---. my older brother) won the match!

3 'You should go to the doctor: 3 Complete the second conditional sentences with the (My father ---. my mother) correct form of the verbs in brackets. If I hera (have) more money, I wOl/dd bv1t1 (buy) this 4 'Stop playing football in the classroom!' CD. (Our teacher ---. Eddie and Nick) 2 What would you do if somebody ______(threaten) you with a knife? S 'Don't take my clothes!' 3 I (not drop) litter if there (My older sister ---. I) ______(be) more rubbish bins in the street. 4 If you ______(wear) a coat in the winter, you ______(not get) ill so often. S Susan ______(look) much better if she ______(not use) so much make-up. ..__---. I 171

108 Reading Listening 6 Read the article about a teenage crime survey. Listen to three friends coming out of the Choose the correct answers. 7 em cinema. Write the correct names: Sam, Michael, Ellie. Teenage Crime Survey Published Who: Children's charity National Children's Homes (NCH) have 1 wants to see the film again? _____ published the results of a teenage crime study. The study, 2 got frightened several times? 'Step Inside Our Shoes: Young People's Views On Gun And ----- Knife Crime', questioned more than 800 young people (all 3 thinks that cinema tickets are too expensive? of them under twenty-five) over a six-month period. Chief executive Clare Tickell said: 'The results of our survey 4 was disappointed with the music? show what young people think of gun and knife crime and any experiences they have had: 5 suggested going somewhere together after NCH warned that teenagers were worried about crimes in the film? their area and often felt in danger. Some of them know a lot ----- about gun crime or know someone that has been attacked 6 was a little bored by the story? _____ in the street. One in ten young people has been personally affected by gun and knife crime, the report claims. Young people were asked about the main reasons why other young people started fighting violently on the street. Almost 66 percent of respondents blamed drugs, followed Communication by self-protection (63 percent), image (63 percent) and 8 Put the sentences in the correct order to make pressure from school friends (63 percent). Forty-six perce~t dialogues. said violent music and computer games could be the mam reason for gun and knife crime and 53 percent said sending 1 seventeen to twenty-one-year-olds to prison for a longer a 0 My name's Ian Williams. I'm calling about time could help reduce such crime. the football match we're playing tomorrow. Ms Tickell said: 'We need to stop thinking of young people as b 0 Who's calling? the problem. They can help us find a solution. And we need to find it quickly because our streets are more dangerous c 0 Hello? than they used to be: d DOh, yes, just a minute, I'll get him. e 0 Hello, could I speak to David, please? The people who were questioned were 2 a people who were twenty-five years old. a 0 Why don't you try her mobile? b young people who have been victims of crime. b 0 Hello? c people younger than twenty-five years old. c 0 Oh hi Hannah. No, she isn't here at the 2 The results of the survey showed that many moment. Can I take a message? teenagers d 0 Hi, Becky, it's Hannah, is Claire there? a were dangerous. b committed crimes. e 0 Oh yes, good idea, thanks. c didn't feel safe. f 0 Oh don't worry, it's okay. 3 __ of teenagers have experienced crime in some way. a 1 percent b 10 percent c 25 percent Marks 4 Almost half of the young people who answered the questions Vocabulary & Grammar 130 marks a think that teenagers who commit crimes Reading 15 marks should be sent to prison for a longer time. listening 16 marks b blame violent music and games for crime Communication 19 marks among many teenagers. Total: 150 marks c believe that some teenagers commit crimes because of their friends. 5 Ms Tickell thinks that young people a can be helpful. b cause a lot of problems. c are more dangerous than before.

109 Reading

1 Read the text. Tick (v') true or cross (1) false.

Growing up fifty years ago Julie Haworth from Year 12 interviewed her grandmother about growing up in the 1950s and 1960s in Lancashire and Liverpool. Here is Mrs Haworth's story.

I was born in 1943, during the Second World War. I don't remember the war - I was too little. The first years after the war were qUite difficult. We didn't have many things. I always wore my cousin's old dresses. However, compared to the lives of people in Europe, we were very lucky and I was a happy child - I had both parents and two brothers, and the three of us played outdoors all day, so life was good. We didn't have television, but we had a radio and listened to mUSIC and to The Archers. On 2 June 1953 we went to our neighbours' house to watch the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. We got our first TV, a small black and white one, much later. My favourite subject at school was English. I loved reading. I was a good student and I did well in the 11 + exam - an exam everyone took at the age of eleven - so I went to a grammar school, that was a good school that prepared you for university. It was a big thing for a little country girl like me. I learned Latin and French and read a lot of Shakespeare. After the war, It became possible for students from poorer families to go to university thanks to financial help from the new government. So after my A-levels, I went to Liverpool University to study Literature. That was in 1961 . The Beatles were Just becoming famous. My friends and I sometimes went to the Cavern to hear them sing. I actually saw John Lennon and Paul McCartney Singing maybe ten metres away from me. We had a good time at univerSity - we studied hard, but we also went out and danced a lot. I met my first boyfriend there. As we got older, we became more serious: we were Interested In politiCS and sometimes took part In protests. We went to the theatre a lot. And then, well, I finished university, got my first Job with a local newspaper, marned my boyfnend, and so, well , I became an adult ...

1 D As a child Julie's grandmother didn't have many new clothes. 2 D Mrs Haworth's childhood was sad. 3 D As a child Mrs Haworth never watched TV. 4 D Mrs Haworth went to grammar school because of good exam results. 5 D Mrs Haworth could go to university because her parents had money. 6 D At university, Mrs Haworth and her friends were only interested in pop music. /61 110 Listening

2 @) A teacher is talking to parents about a planned school trip. Listen to the recording twice and complete the missing information.

School trip to the Lake District

Leaving on Thursday, the 14th of ' ____ Returning on Sunday the 17th Staying in youth hostel in 2 ______Leaving at exactly 3 _____ Students should bring 4 walking shoes. Maximum pocket money: 5 ____ Please fill in yellow forms with emergency 6 details.

Use of English 4 Complete the text with the words below. There are two extra words. 3 Choose the correct answer a, b or c to complete the text. afford because go going for forms is long passed was when whileV"' The more the merrier?

Peter is an 1 k. child and he enjoys it. He likes A dream come true 2 _ 3 _ alone. He a lot and plays the guitar. 1 W?u(e I was at university I worked part-time When he wants to be with people, he 4 _ out as a waiter and I even saved some money. My with his friends. Because he has no brothers or plan was to travel around Europe after fi nishing sisters, his parents have more time and more my studies. But I also needed a job, and as soon 5 _ money just him. as I 2 _ my final .exams I started looking 3 _ Peter's girlfriend Marianne has three brothers one. I read adverts, filled in application 4 _ and and two sisters. She loves it. There's never a went for interviews. Nobody offered me a job, boring moment in their house. 6 _the evenings 5 _ I had no experience in a big company. Then they all have dinner together and talk about their I used my 'travel money' to start my own small day. Sometimes they 7 _ instruments. Last business. I worked very 6 _ hours and had no Christmas they 8 _ a concert for their family holiday for two years. My mother 7 _ worried and friends. and she often asked: ' 8 _ are you going on

In the future Marianne would like 9 a lot of holiday, dear?' I couldn't leave my work then, but 9 _ children, 10 _ Peter thinks one is enough.. Of now I can - and I can a trip around Europe. course, they still have a lot of time to decide, In fact, I'm 10 _ to Barcelona tomorrow. It will but they are planning to get engaged soon . be wonderful to go sightseeing and not sit at my desk.

1 a single b only cone 2 a being b to be c be 3 a read breading c reads

4 a meets b goes c gets Marks 5 a on b to c for Reading 16 marks 6 a In b On c At Listening 16 marks 7 a playing b play c to play Use of English 118 marks 8 a give b giving c gave Total: 130 marks 9 a having b have c to have 10 a so b but c if /91 111 Reading (oncorde Squash Club he 1 Read the descriptions below. Choose the best The courts, conveniently located m t sports club A-E for each person 1-4. There is centre of town, are open seven da~s a one extra club. week from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. Week ay D Chris is twenty-two and he's a university and weekend lessons available for both. student. He is fit and sporty and enjoys fast beginners and advanced players. Yo~ ~ll~lS games. He's good at football and basketball need shorts and trainers; rackets an a and now he'd like to try another team game. can be hired for an extra fee. He's got a lot of time, but not very much money. 2 D Patrick is a forty-year-old writer. He spends whole days working in his study. He is unfit and a bit lonely. He would like to take up an outdoor activity and meet some people. He Looking for a new challenge? Try an exciting hasn't got fixed working hours. He's allergic to activity and discover the unique friendship animals. between people who climb together. Rock­ 3 D Christine is thirty and works for a large climbing courses start every month. We company. After a day in the office, she is tired accept beginners, but you need to be of people and technology. She'd like to learn an outdoor activity that she can do alone in reasonably fit. A twenty minute drive from the nice scenery. She hasn't got a car. city centre - see the map for details. 4 D Paul and Natalie are eighteen. They met through their school's basketball team. Now they'd like to take up a game they can play together in the evenings and at weekends. They don't want to buy any equipment until You can begin horse riding at any age. Mter they are sure they like the sport. you've completed a basic fifty hour course (both individual and group lessons available), you are free to take rides across fields and forests, alone or with other club members. Only forty minutes by train from the city centre . • Morecambe Sailing and Watersports Centre You can start sailing at any age and you do not have to be very fit. Two week full-time courses for beginners start every two weeks. Learn the basics of sailing, meet new people, discover the fun and companionship of being part of a team ... , and start exploring England's beautiful lakes and rivers with your new friends.

Academic IC~ ... ~.~~.~~Y ...~.~.~.~ ...... ·· ...... f beginners starts on October 30. Next ice hockey course or te Practice two afternoons Men's and women's teams separ: nds You will need your own a week, friendly mat~hes at wee e hir~d Discounts for holders skates; all other equipment can b ~ C d' . I Student Identity ar . of the Internatlona ......

112 Listening 4 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. The first word is given. (]I) You are going to hear a tour guide talking 2 1 Eu rope/travelled/never/ outside/I/have to a group of tourists in Hampton Court Palace. 1 ______Listen to the recording twice and choose the right answer. 1 The group are now going to 2 orange/can/glass/have/a/juice/I/large/of Can ______a visit King Henry the Eighth's apartments. b have some time to themselves. ------? c have a guided tour of the whole palace. 3 ha ngi ng/friends/outiOavid/the/with/ evening/in/enjoys 2 In the kitchens, staff prepared food David ______a for over two hundred people. b three times a day. 4 prize/she!competition/in/ever/a/has/a/won c for more than a thousand people. Has ______3 You can get an audio guide from ------? a the information centre. 5 go/the/you/usua Ily /holiday/ on/where/in/dol b the coffee shop. summer c the palace gardens. Where ______4 The guide recommends ------? a the gardens. 6 this/finish/we/weekldefinitely/next/project/ b the cafes. will c King William's and Queen Mary's rooms. We ______

5 For those who are hungry, the guide suggests 7 expensive/bike/a/more/car/than/is/a a two different places. A ______b the restaurant next to the kitchens. c the restaurant at the hotel. 8 might/and/afternoon/in/sightseeing/the/ 6 The group are going to have dinner Lucy/I/go a at 5.30. b at 6.30. c at 8.00. Lucy ______

9 phoned /my/was/I/my/homeworklwhile/ friend/doing Use 01 English My ______

3 Complete the gaps with the correct form of the 10 TV/allowed/not/after/are/children/to/their/ words in brackets. watch/8 p.m.

I had a very happy 1 c?uldhood(child). We lived Their ______in the countryside and we played outside all the time. We had a lot of 1 (free). My brother and I sometimes had 3 (argue) but most 1101 of the time we got on very well. We both had

4 (responsible) at home: we had to clean our rooms and do the 5 (wash-) up. Marks Sometimes we got an 6 (invite) to our Reading 14 marks neighbours: They had a huge, 7 (amaze) Listening 16 marks garden and we loved playing there. Now my Use of English 120 marks family and I live in the city, but we spend our weekends and holidays in the country. We go Total: 130 marks ___ (cycle) and play games. I think children need to be 9 (act). It's very 10 ___ (health) for them to be indoors in front of the TV all the time. Most kids prefer to do something

more 11 (excite) if they can.

113 Reading Dante's Peak, 1997 (director Roger Donaldson) 1 Read the film review Saturday at 19.00 on MovleTlme Channel and choose the correct answer to the On a lovely summer day, the small to fire; buildings fall; people panic as questions. town of Dante's Peak in the Cascade they run for their lives through the ash Mountains is celebrating. It has just and dust. Harry and Rachel discover received an award for being the second that Rachel's children have gone up best place to live in the USA. Nobody the mountain to try and save their is thinking of the nearby volcano, which grandmother. They follow them. Fighting hasn't been active for years. against the volcano, Harry, Rachel, and The scientist Dr Harry Dalton (played the children are the only people left in by Pierce Brosnan) is sent to Dante's the destroyed town, and that's not the Peak to study the volcano. He finds end - the second eruption is still to dead plants and animals. He thinks come. the mountain is not a safe place to be If you've seen one disaster movie, for people, and he tries to get the local you've seen them all. You can guess council to prepare an evacuation. But who will die and who will live and of nobody listens to him. They are afraid course who will fall in love. But the businesspeople will not invest in the action is fast and the special effects town iftheythink it is a dangerous place. are still fun to watch after ten years. Even Dalton's boss, Dr Paul Dreyfuss, Okay, if you look carefully, you can see is against him. The only person who that the cars on the falling bridge are believes him is the mayor of the town , models with no drivers inside. But you'd Rachel Wando (Linda Hamilton), a never know the volcanic ash is really single mother of two children. little bits of newspaper! The ground Soon, the mountain begins to cause shakes, red hot rocks come down from serious problems and the people in the sky, and there are lots of deep low the town realise the big danger of the sound effects. A good way to spend a volcano. But it's too late. The volcano Saturday evening. erupts. Day becomes night; air turns

At the beginning of the movie, people in Dante's 4 After Rachel and Harry find the children Peak are a there is a happy ending. a surprised by the good weather. b the town is destroyed. b afraid of the volcano. c they have to face more danger. c happy because they've won a prize. d day becomes night. d very active. S The writer thinks the story is 2 The people in the town don't listen to Dr Dalton a boring and not much fun. because b easy to predict but entertaining. a the volcano is not active. c very romantic but not fun to watch. b a dangerous volcano would be bad for business. d terrifying but fun to watch. c his boss doesn't agree with him. d they are enjoying the party. 6 On the whole, what is the writer's opinion of the film? 3 Rachel's children are not at home because a He thinks the special effects are all old and boring. a they've gone to play with their grandmother. b He likes the sound effects best. b they've gone out to look at the mountain. c He would like it better if the heroes didn't fall in c they have run away in panic. love. d they are trying to save someone. d He recommends it as weekend entertainment. /61 114 Listening 4 Complete the text with one word in each gap. Dove Cottage 2 CID Read statements 1-6. Then listen twice to a Grasmere is 1 ~ little village in the Lake District, in man reporting a crime. Tick (.I) true or cross (X) the north of England. 2 __ you go there, don't false. forget to visit Dove Cottage, the charming little 1 Mark is not from the town where the crime D house 3 __ the poet William Wordsworth lived happened. in the 19th century with 4 __ sister, Dorothy. 2 D The attackers threatened Mark with William wrote poems and Dorothy wrote a diary violence. tells us a lot about their life. It was much 6 3 D Mark can describe the robbers well. slower and more peaceful __ life in the 21 st 4 D Mark is interested in football. century. William and Dorothy used 7 __ go for long walks around the lakes and write long S D Mark doesn't know how much some of his letters to their friends. Whi ~ e William possessions cost. 8 __ writing, Dorothy worked in the garden. 6 D Mark is too frightened to return home They 9 __ regularly visited by their friend, the alone. poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Today, the cottage is 10 _ museum and Dorothy's garden is as beautiful as it was when she looked after it. Use of English

3 Complete the second sentence so that it means Marks the same as the first. Use one to three words. Reading 16 marks I found the news surprising. Listening 16 marks I was 5vwp rr5ed b V; the news. Use of English 118 marks 2 The doctor said to Tom, 'You should eat more Total: 130 marks fruit: The doctor advised ______more fruit. 3 The teacher asked Mike to prepare a presentation. Mike ______the teacher to prepare a presentation. 4 Matt's car is faster than Jeremy's. Jeremy's car is not ______Matt's. S It last rained a month ago. It for a month. 6 'Could you please move your car?' the police officer said to Mary. The police officer asked ------her car. 7 You don't get good results because you don't study hard. If you , you would get good results. 8 They have opened a new club in our area. A new club in our area. 9 Kitty thought the film was disappointing. Kitty was the film. 10 The guide said to the tourists, 'Don't make a noise!' The guide told the tourists ------a noise. 115 exam topic word list

people funny (adj) unique (adj) generous (adj) unusual (adj) emotions and feelings glamorous (adj) wear (v) admire (v) honest (adj) well-dressed (adj) amazed (adj) inspire (v) winter coat (n) angry (adj) intelligent (adj) annoyed (adj) kind (adj) believe in (v) personal data lazy (adj) be tired of (v) date of birth (n) mean (adj) bored (adj) email address (n) out-of-control (adj) depressed (adj) emergency contact details (n) quiet (adj) disappointed (adj) full name (n) rude (adj) embarrassed (adj) home address (n) saver (n) excited (adj) mobile number (n) sense of humour (n) fear (v) nationality (n) sensible with money (adj) frightened (adj) passport number (n) spender (n) frustrated (adj) postcode (n) strict (adj) happy (adj) UK address (n) stylish (adj) impress (v) sympathetic (adj) interested (adj) talented (adj) nervous (adj) house pleased (adj) in the house appearance sad (adj) air-conditioning (n) beautiful (adj) scream (v) armchair (n) dyed hair (n) shake with fear (v) chair (n) glamorous (adj) surprise (v) coffee table (n) jewellery (n) surprised (adj) cupboard (n) lipstick (n) terrified (adj) cushion (n) long hair (n) upset (adj)(v) double bed (n) make-up (n) worried (adj) mirror (n) piercings (n) worry (v) picture (n) tattoo (n) plant (n) personal qualities . poster (n) brave (adj) clothes rug (n) brilliant (adj) baggy (adj) sofa (n) brutal (adj) business suit (n) stool (n) casual (adj) calm (adj) table (n) designer clothes (n) crazy (adj) twin-bedded (adj) creative (adj) fashion (n) wall (n) jeans (n) determined (adj) wardrobe (n) easy-going (adj) sandals (n) short trousers (n) energetic (adj) describing a house smart (adj) fitness freak (n) bright (adj) tight (adj) friendly (adj) colourful (adj) 116 comfortable (adj) Film studies (n) get a degree (v) dark (adj) foreign language (n) get into trouble (v) messy (adj) History (n) give lessons (v) modern (adj) ICT (Information and Computer go wrong (v) noisy (adj) Technology) (n) hand (an essay) in (v) quiet (adj) Italian (n) leave school (v) stylish (adj) Latin (n) miss lessons (v) tidy (adj) Law(n) not take any notice (v) well-organised (adj) Management studies (n) pass your exams (v) Maths (n) play-time (n) housework Media studies (n) play truant (v) Medicine (n) cleaning (n) school project (n) Metalwork (n) do the cooking (v) school uniform (n) Politics (n) do the hoovering (v) schoolwork (n) Psychology (n) do the ironing (v) start school (v) Science (n) do the washing-up (v) study (v) Woodwork (n) housework (n) summer course (n) make a mess (v) take an exam (v) make the beds (v) people and places teach (v) tidy (your room) (v) cafeteria (n) test (v) gym (n) library (n) school overseas student (n) vvork pupil (n) jobs places to study school children (n) accountant (n) college (n) student (n) actor (n) high school (n) teacher (n) mixed school (n) au pair (n) nursery (n) babysit (v) learning and exams primary school (n) ballet dancer (n) A-level (n) private school (n) businessman (n) behave well (v) secondary school (n) composer (n) be terrible at (v) single-sex school (n) counsellor (n) cheat (v) state school (n) deliver newspapers (v) compulsory (adj) university (n) dentist (n) concentrate (v) doctor (n) copy (an essay) (v) electrician (n) subjects discipline (n & v) engineer (n) Accountancy (n) do a course (v) farmer (n) Art (n) do badly at school (v) footballer (n) Business studies (n) do homework (v) graphic designer (n) Car mechanics (n) drop (a subject) (v) IT consultant (n) Cookery (n) drop out of school (v) journalist (n) Design studies (n) educate (v) lawyer (n) Drama (n) enrolment form (n) model (n) DT (Design and Technology) (n) essay (n) musician (n) English language (n) exam pressures (n) nanny (n) English literature (n) gap year (n) nurse (n) European History (n) GCSE (n) 117 pharmacist (n) glamorous (adj) great-grandmother (n) pilot (n) good with numbers (adj) grow up (v) police officer (n) good with people (adj) male (n) presenter (n) good with your hands (adj) mother (n) producer (n) part-time job (n) nephew (n) receptionist (n) rewarding (adj) niece (n) retired (adj) secure (adj) old (adj) sales representative (n) stressful (adj) only child (n) scientist (n) successful (adj) over-50s (n) social worker (n) temporary job (n) parent (n) volunteer (n) work abroad (v) pregnant (adj) writer (n) work indoors/outdoors (v) relation (n) work with children/animals/ relative (n) looking for a job computers (v) single parent (n) advert for vacancies (n) son (n) fill in an application form (v) in the office son-in-law (n) get a job (v) businessman (n) stepfather (n) have experience (v) business plan (n) stepmother (n) interview (n) desk (n) teenager (n) job hunter (n) do the photocopying (v) twins (n) offer a job (v) employer (n) uncle (n) qualification (n) file (n) younger/older brother (n) schoolleaver (n) fly/travel on business (v) younger/older sister (n) start work (v) meeting (n) unemployment (n) office (n) relationships vacancy (n) report (n) bad influence (n) write a CV (v) sit in front of a computer (v) become friends (v) staff (n) best friend (n) money start your own company (v) boyfriend (n) badly paid (adj) bring (children) up (v) borrow (v) close friends (n) earn money (v) family and date (n) lend (v) social life divorced (adj) low income (n) dump someone (v) family and life stages owe (v) fall in love (v) aunt (n) pay someone back (v) forgive (v) childhood (n) poor (adj) get engaged (v) cousin (n) put money in the bank (v) get married (v) daughter (n) rich (adj) get to know (v) daughter-in-law (n) salary (n) give advice (v) ex-husband (n) save (v) hang out with somebody (v) ex-wife (n) wage (n) have an argument (v) family (n) well-paid (adj) keep away from (v) father (n) keep in touch (v) funeral (n) live happily ever after (v) describing jobs and skills generation (n) look after (v) career (n) grandparent (n) (not) get on with someone (v) creative (adj) great-grandfather (n) relationship (n) 118 socialise (v) stay in (v) milkshake (n) start going out with someone (v) stay out late (v) olive oil (n) support (v) watch DVDs/a movie (v) onions (n) understand each other (v) orange (n) orange juice (n) daily routine food packet (of biscuits) (n) bedtime (n) food items pasta (n) do nothing (v) bacon (n) pepper (n) fall asleep (v) baked potato (n) piece (of cheese) (n) get up (late) (v) banana (n) pizza (n) go to bed (early) (v) bar (of chocolate) (n) plate (of salad) (n) go to sleep (v) beer (n) potato (n) habit (n) biscuit (n) salt (n) have a shower (v) bottle (of mineral water) (n) sandwich (n) have an appointment (v) bowl (of pasta) (n) sausages (n) have some good news (v) box (of pastries) (n) soft drink (n) lunchtime (n) cabbage (n) soup (n) cake (n) steak (n) strawberry (n) leisure time can (of lemonade) (n) sugar (n) birthday party (n) carton (of yoghurt) (n) sweet pastry (n) camping (n) cereal (n) sweets (n) chess (n) cheese (n) tea (n) do sport (v) chicken (n) toast (n) enjoy yourself (v) coffee (n) tomato (n) fancy dress party (n) cornflakes (n) tuna (n) farewell party (n) cream (n) vegetable (n) give presents (v) cream cake (n) yoghurt (n) go out (v) curry (n) go shopping/running/on the dairy products (n) computer (v) egg (n) meals go to clubs (v) fish (n) dinner (n) go to the cinema/beach (v) fish and chips (n) elevenses (n) have a party (v) fizzy drink (n) fill (you) up (v) late-night shopping (n) fresh fruit (n) have breakfast (v) leisure activity (n) fruit juice (n) have lunch (v) make arrangements (n) glass (of milk) (n) healthy snack (n) make plans (v) grape (n) hot meal (n) meet new people (v) ham (n) national dish (n) meet your friends (v) hot chocolate (n) nibbles (n) nightclub (n) ice-cream (n) packed lunch (n) playa musical instrument (v) lemon (n) picnic (n) play cards (v) lemonade (n) ready meal (n) play computer games (v) lettuce (n) school lunch (n) play the drums/guitar (v) loaf (of bread) (n) snack (n) raise money (v) margarine (n) takeaway (n) relaxing (adj) marmalade (n) tea (n) special occasion (n) meat (n) traditional breakfast (n) spend time (v) milk (n) 119 in the kitchen shopkeeper (n) get off (the plane) (v) cooker (n) shopping trip (n) go through passport control (v) dish (n) small/medium/large size (n) go through security (v) dishwasher (n) try something on (v) hand luggage (n) do the cooking (v) in-flight movie (n) fridge (n) money land (v) ingredients (n) can't afford (v) lose your luggage (v) make a sandwich (v) change (n) one-way ticket (n) make breakfast (v) cheap (adj) take off (v) credit card (n) expensive (adj) describing food and drink means of transport hire (v) delicious (adj) bus (n) insurance (n) disgusting (adj) coach (n) invest (v) low fat (adj) railway station (n) pay (v) starving (adj) sail (v) pocket money (n) tasty (adj) scooter (n) spend (v) thirsty (adj) ship (n) spend a fortune on (v) sports car (n) train station (n) complaining travel by coach/plane/train (v) shopping and compensation (n) complain (v) services problems and accidents complaint (n) types of shops accident (n) exchange (v) cafe (n) car crash (n) receipt (n) clothes shop (n) food poisoning (n) refund (n) coffee bar (n) get sunburnt (v) replacement (n) corner shop (n) traffic (n) scratched (adj) drycleaner (n) traffic jams (n) stain (n) grocery store (n) high street (n) holidays manufacturer (n) travelling and accommodation (n) stationer (n) beach (n) supermarket (n) tourism book a holiday (v) the airport brochure (n) in a shop airline (n) destination (n) bag (n) airport (n) guidebook (n) bargain (n) arrivals gate (n) holidaymaker (n) buy (v) board a plane (v) hostel (n) customer (n) boarding card (n) journey (n) enter PIN number (v) check-in desk (n) luggage (n) fitting room (n) check in your luggage (v) luxury hotel (n) manager (n) collect your luggage (v) map (n) product (n) delayed (adj) market (n) queue (v) departure gate (n) nature reserve (n) sale (n) departures board (n) park (n) sell (v) duty-free shop (n) passenger (n) shop assistant (n) fasten seat belt (v) resort (n) flight (n) tent (n) 120 ticket (n) wonderful (adj) tv and radio tourist (n) world-famous (adj) advert (n) tour operator (n) broadcast (n) travel agent (n) cartoon (n) twin-bedded room (n) culture character (n) music comedy series (n) holiday activities band (n) cookery programme (n) boat trip (n) composer (n) documentary (n) camping (n) hit (n) episode (n) eat out (v) live band (n) news (n) excursion (n) musician (n) phone-in (n) get sunburnt/food poisoning (v) performance (n) quiz show (n) go clubbing (v) pop star (n) realistic (adj) go for a walk (v) rock band (n) reality show (n) go to the beach (v) rock concert (n) science fiction drama (n) guided tour (n) singer (n) soap opera (n) hang out with friends (v) single (n) sports programme (n) have fun (v) song (n) television series (n) look at scenery (v) songwriter (n) the media (n) nightlife (n) TV channel (n) paragliding (n) film TV company (n) relaxing (adj) actors (n) TV presenter (n) shopping (n) an 18 film (n) TV programme (n) sightseeing (n) budget (n) version (n) sunbathing (n) cinema (n) viewer (n) swimming (n) designer (n) weather forecast (n) theme park (n) dialogue (n) visit museums and galleries (v) director (n) things to read weekend break (n) dub (v) article (n) windsurfing (n) dubbing (n) comic (n) editing (n) diary (n) describing holiday locations fantasy/science fiction (n) diary (n) amazing (adj) (film) on location (v) internet postings (n) awful (adj) film studios (n) newspaper (n) boring (adj) foreign-language film (n) novel (n) charming (adj) historical drama (n) play (n) cool (adj) horror movie (n) poetry (n) exciting (adj) narrator (n) short stories (n) famous (adj) producer (n) weblog/blog (n) fantastic (adj) publicity (n) historic (adj) release (a film) (v) art interesting (adj) romantic comedy (n) achieve (v) lively (adj) scene (n) artist (n) peaceful (adj) script (n) create (v) pretty (adj) special effects (n) inspiration (n) special (adj) star (v) inspire (v) stress-free (adj) subtitle (n) painting (n) unforgettable (adj) thriller (n) statue (n) 121 people player (n) make progress (v) actor (n) sponsor (n) speed (n) actress (n) sporting hero (n) strength (n) famous (adj) sports person (n) throw (v) icon (n) swimmer (n) train hard (v) legend (n) (person) substitute (n) unfit (adj) model (n) sumo wrestler (n) warm up (v) star (n) (person) team (n) viewer (n) tennis player (n) describing sport world champion (n) exciting (adj) fantastic (adj) sport equipment and places fast (adj) ball (n) good fun (adj) types of sport baseball bat (n) popular (adj) badminton (n) bicycle (n) baseball (n) boots (n) basketball (n) gloves (n) boxing (n) health goggles (n) climb (v) parts of the body ice rink (n) cricket (n) body (n) net (n) cycling (n) brain (n) racket (n) fishing (n) digestion (n) shorts (n) football (n) face (n) skates (n) golf (n) hair (n) stick (n) go to the gym (v) heart (n) trainers (n) hockey (n) height (n) horse riding (n) knee (n) paragliding (n) sports events skin (n) skiing (n) award (v) teeth (n) surf (v) beat (someone) (v) waistline (n) table tennis (n) compete internationally (v) Congratulations! (n) tennis (n) illness and injury volleyball (n) gold medal (n) break an arm/a leg (v) water sports (n) match (n) food poisoning (n) windsurfing (n) play for (England) (v) hospital (n) yoga (n) prize (n) ill (adj) represent (a country) (v) injury (n) score points (v) sports people malaria (n) tournament (n) athlete (n) Parkinson's disease (n) winner (n) ballet dancer (n) sick (adj) win races (v) captain (n) suffer from/have depression (v) champion (n) training disabled athlete (n) healthy and unhealthy after-school sports club (n) fan (n) lifestyles fitness (n) fitness expert (n) drink alcohol (v) fitness programme (n) footballer (n) energy (n) indoor/outdoor game (n) national hero (n) exercise (n) long distance (n) opponent (n) fat (adj) 122 fit (adj) instruction book (n) animals healthy diet (n) machine (n) alligator (n) lose weight (v) mobile phone (n) bird (n) put on weight (v) MP3 player (n) crocodile (n) slim (adj) photocopier (n) duck (n) smoke (v) remote control (n) elephant (n) unfit (adj) screen (n) fish (n) use drugs (v) TV set (n) horse (n) weak (adj) volume (n) mosquito (n) weigh (v) penguin (n) polar bear (n) useful verbs rhinoceros (n) break down (v) wildlife (n) science and charge (the battery) (v) technology make a phone call (v) operate (a machine) (v) environmental issues science plug (it) in (v) climate refugee (n) crash (v) (waves) develop (a theory) (v) press a button (v) damage the environment (v) discover (v) put (batteries) in (v) destroy (v) invent (v) record messages (v) droughts (n) law of gravity (n) select from a menu (v) explosion (n) theory of Evolution (n) set the time (v) switch (it) on/off (v) extinct (adj) extreme weather (n) computers text (v) farm (v) click (v) turn (the volume) up/down (v) email address (n) floods (n) go online (v) global warming (n) Internet access (n) the help the environment (v) Internet posting (n) high temperatures (n) Internet survey (n) environment hurricane (n) laptop (n) landscape loud noise (n) log on (v) beach (n) melting ice (n) printer (n) coast (n) nature (n) website/site (n) continent (n) pollution (n) wire (n) desert (n) rising sea level (n) field (n) smoke (n) species (n) technology forest (n) tsunami (n) alarm clock (n) island (n) volcanic eruption (n) answering machine (n) jungle (n) battery (n) lake (n) camcorder (n) moon (n) weather charger (n) mountain range (n) cold (adj) dishwasher (n) ocean/sea (n) cool (adj) digital camera (n) river (n) dry (adj) flat screen TV (n) rock (n) freeze (v) gadget (n) seashore/shore (n) frost (n) games console (n) the Earth (n) frozen (adj) hairdryer (n) volcano (n) hot (adj) headphones (n) waves (n) rain (v) 123 snow (v) war information sunny (adj) atomic bomb (n) weather (n) battle (n) about English gunfire (n) speaking join the army (v) countries country and lead (an army) (v) society military leader (n) places peace (n) crime the UK refuse to fight (v) attack somebody (v) Big Ben (n) (bank) robber (n) Britain (n) society break into (a house) (v) Buckingham Palace (n) ban (v) burglar (n) Central London (n) be banned (v) burglary (n) Heathrow Airport (n) break the rules (v) burgle (v) London (n) driver's licence (n) commit a crime/murder (v) Piccadilly Circus (n) fear (v) criminal (n) River Thames (n) freedom (n) download music illegally (v) Scotland (n) get hurt (v) drop litter (v) Tower of London (n) guide (v) guilty (adj) Trafalgar Square (n) honest (adj) ID (n) law(n) illegal (adj) the USA pensioner (n) lie (v) Arizona Desert (n) protect (v) rob (v) Brat Camp (n) republic (n) robbery (n) California (n) retired (adj) shoot (v) Disney World (theme park) (n) rights (n) shoplifting (n) Everglades Nature Reserve/ speeding (n) take a driving test (v) National Park (in Florida) (n) stab (v) voluntary service (n) Florida (n) steal (v) vote (v) Hollywood (n) threaten (v) New York (n) use fake ID (v) people Ohio (n) vandalism (n) chairman (n) Orlando (n) victim (n) counsellor (n) Yale University (n) violence (n) king (n) violent (adj) Member of Parliament (n) events parliament (n) Commonwealth Games (n) punishment political leader (n) Football World Cup (n) age of criminal responsibility (n) political party (n) London Marathon (n) arrest (v) president (n) Second World War (n) blame (v) presidential candidate (n) Winter Olympics (n) catch (a criminal) (v) Prime Minister (n) World University Games (n) control (v) queen (n) death penalty (n) royalty (n) discipline (v) spokesman (n) execute (v) go to prison (v) judge (v & n) punish (v) 124 Greeting, meeting Narrating past Describing a and getting to events picture know people Ti me expressions In the centre/middle of the room ... On the right/left of the picture, Meeting and greeting after a few months there is/are .. . How do you do? when he was fourteen On the floor/wall/table there is/are ... Nice to meet you. In 1985 Behind/near/next to the sofa ... Great to see you again! after that There is/are a sofa/some armchairs ... Let me introduce you. then It looks friendly/busy/ modern. This is my brother, Ted . after a couple of years Welcome to London! Thanks, it's great to be here! Describing how you felt How was your journey? It was terrible/amazing/incredible! Expressing I was terrified/frightened/scared! opinions I still can't believe it! Getting to know people I agree. What's your nationality? I completely agree with that. Responding with interest Where are you from? I agree that ... That's amazing/incredible! What's your full name? I love fashion. Wow! Which part of (Poland) are you I love being outdoors. Really? from? I really like clothes. Oh, no! Which course are you doing? To me, fashion's fun. How about you? I think fashion's cool. Where are you staying? It sounds really interesting. Are you enjoying London? Talking about I don't really agree with that. What's your date of birth? famous people I disagree that ... Do you like London/this music? He/She was a brilliant (artist). Sorry, but I don't think that's a very What's your favourite CD ever? He was the best (footballer) in the good idea! How do you spend Sundays? world. I'm not sure about that. What kind of music/books do you She/He wrote/composed/invented/ I don't think it's a good thing. like/read? discovered ... I can't stand this kind of mess. Which city do you come from He/She was the greatest (scientist) I don't really care. originally? in our history. How many brothers and sisters have She/He was the first person to ... you got? He/She won ... Do you get on well with your He led the country when ... brother/sister? My sporting hero is ... She was born in ... She started running when she was twelve. Her early career was very successful. He won three gold medals. She has inspired a lot of young people. I like him because he's very determined.

125 Discussing opinions Future plans Making I think Katrina is best because she's Talking about future plans arrangements older. and careers Making arrangements I don't think Katrina's suitable Which subjects are you going to Would you like to come for lunch? because she doesn't want to study choose? Are you free today? Psychology. I'm definitely going to do English. Are you doing anything later today? Yes, but Martin speaks better What do you want to do? Are you going out this evening/at English. I'm planning to have a gap year. the weekend? Personally, I think people care too I want to travel. How about next Sunday instead? much about fashion. What would you like to do in your Why don't we ... ? I can't live without my CD player. gap year? Shall we ... ? I don't know much about fashion. I'd like to go to Italy. I don't agree because ... In my future career, I'd like to work Accepting In my opinion ... with computers. That would be lovely, thanks. The accommodation doesn't Are you going on holiday this That sounds great! matter. summer? That's a good idea. She's wearing too much make-up. We're flying to Florida. I can't wait! She's got too many tattoos. Refusing His trousers are too baggy. I'm sorry, I can't. I'm going shopping She isn't old enough to be a model. Discussing customs with my mum. I'm afraid I've got an appointment. Discussing customs Polite requests and Most people have cereal and milk. responding Generally, people have lunch at Speculating about home. the future Polite requests We don't usually eat takeaways. Can you enter your PIN, please? Chicken is traditional/very popular. Young people will be able to travel more. Could you put it in the bag? Responding People will have to go home to visit Can I try it on? Really? relatives. Cou Id I have a bigger size? Yes, it's the same in my country. People will probably learn more Is it okay if I pay by card? It's similar/different in my country about other cultures. because people work very late. Responding People will definitely work abroad Sure, no problem. more in the future. Yes, of course. There will be many more visitors to I'm sorry but ... interesting cities. Many historic places won't be Going shopping special any more. Can I help you? If the school bans mobile phones, We're just looking, thanks. pupils will concentrate better in I like this one. What do you think? lessons. What size are you looking for? It might snow tomorrow. The fitting room is over there. Pollution from planes may increase This one's too small. global warming. Do you want to try this one/that? Is that size better?

126 Describing holidays Giving advice Making complaints Go by train. Describing your holiday You must go to Montmartre. What the customer says Our holiday was terrible/boring/ You should definitely stay there. I'd like a refund, please. exciting! I don't think you should take the It doesn't work properly. We had a fantastic/horrible time! coach. I'm really not happy about this. First, we had a really bad/ long/ Don't fly. Could I speak to the manager, scary journey. There's loads to do! You'll love it! please? After that we lost our luggage/ If you like modern art, I think you passports. should go to the Pompidou Centre. What the shop assistant says And then it rained/ snowed every It's best to take a guided tour. What exactly is the problem? day. Have you got the receipt? In the end we came home early/ We can exchange it if you like. changed hotels. Describing sports I'm afraid we can't give refunds. I'm sorry, there's nothing I can do. Showing interest It's a very popular sport in Italy/all How was your holiday? over the world. What happened? People play in summer/in winter/all Telephoning Really? year round. Oh, no! It's an indoor/outdoor game. Hi, Carrie speaking. So what did you do? Each team has six players. Hi, it's Zack. You're joking! To play the game, you need a ball. Is Grace there? It's very exciting. She isn't here at the moment. Can I take a message? Asking for and Why don't you try her mobile? giving advice Giving instructions Could I speak to Carrie, please? Who's calling? Asking for advice First of all, you switch it on. Just a minute, I'll get her. Can you recommend anything? Then you select from the menu. Could you call me as soon as you Where should we stay? You have to charge the battery/it. can? What should we see? Just follow the instructions. Speak to you soon. Do you think we should book? Don't forget to switch it off. What's the best way to do it? Which is the best gallery/museum? What about nightlife?

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