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Future Antarctic Margin Drilling: Developing a Science Program Plan for Mcmurdo Sound -- Report of a Workshop Oxford, UK April 5–7, 2001

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Future Antarctic Margin Drilling: Developing a Science Program Plan for Mcmurdo Sound -- Report of a Workshop Oxford, UK April 5–7, 2001 University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln ANDRILL Research and Publications Antarctic Drilling Program 2002 Future Antarctic Margin Drilling: Developing a Science Program Plan for McMurdo Sound -- Report of a Workshop Oxford, UK April 5–7, 2001 David M. Harwood University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Laura Lacy University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Richard Levy University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/andrillrespub Part of the Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons Harwood, David M.; Lacy, Laura; and Levy, Richard, "Future Antarctic Margin Drilling: Developing a Science Program Plan for McMurdo Sound -- Report of a Workshop Oxford, UK April 5–7, 2001" (2002). ANDRILL Research and Publications. 3. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/andrillrespub/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Antarctic Drilling Program at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in ANDRILL Research and Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Future Antarctic Margin Drilling: Developing a Science Program Plan for McMurdo Sound Report of a Workshop Oxford, UK April 5–7, 2001 David Harwood, Laura Lacy and Richard Levy, editors ANDRILL Contribution 1 Future Antarctic Margin Drilling: Developing a Science Program Plan for McMurdo Sound Report of a Workshop Oxford, UK April 5–7, 2001 David Harwood, Laura Lacy and Richard Levy, editors ANDRILL Science Management Office Department of Geosciences University of Nebraska–Lincoln Workshop and Report directed by the ANDRILL Steering Committee (ASC): Germany―Frank Niessen Italy―Fabio Florindo New Zealand―Tim Naish and Gary Wilson (after June 2002) United Kingdom―Jane Francis and Gary Wilson (prior to June 2002) United States―David Harwood and Ross Powell Preparation of this report was funded by: The National Science Foundation Production and distribution was supported by ASC membership funds Please cite this report as follows: Harwood, D.M., Lacy, L. and Levy, R.H. (eds.), 2002. Future Antarctic Margin Drilling: Developing a Science Plan for McMurdo Sound. ANDRILL Science Management Office (SMO) Contribution 1. University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. vi+301 pp. Please cite sections from the report as: author, year, title of contribution. In: D.M. Harwood, L. Lacy and R.H. Levy (eds.), Future Antarctic Margin Drilling: Developing a Science Plan for McMurdo Sound. ANDRILL Science Management Office (SMO) Contribution 1. University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. ISBN: 0-9723550-06 Additional copies of this report and other information regarding ANDRILL are available from: ANDRILL Science Management Office University of Nebraska–Lincoln 2255 W Street, Suite 1101 Lincoln, NE 68588-0851 Phone: (402) 472-6723 Fax: (402) 472-6724 Please visit our website at: http://andrill-server.unl.edu/ Cover photograph taken by D.M. Harwood, 1999. The Cape Roberts Project drilling system operating on the sea- ice at CRP-3. Back cover: Satellite image of Southern Victoria Land including the Dry Valley region, McMurdo Sound and Cenozoic volcanics. Target areas of the McMurdo Sound Portfolio are identified in blue; the black triangles represent existing drillsites; and the black circles represent potential drillsites as discussed in this report. Design and layout by Melissa Dunne. Editors Introduction This document reflects initial interests, decisions, changes and modifications made to the ANDRILL McMurdo Sound Portfolio program following the Oxford Workshop (April 2001) and the contributors’ deadline (June 2002). The purpose of this workshop report is to serve as an introduction to the initial development of a science plan; and to record the Oxford Workshop proceedings. As with all programs, the ANDRILL McMurdo Sound Portfolio has since evolved. The following are significant changes or modifications that have been made after June 2002 and were agreed to by the ANDRILL Steering Committee at its meeting in Asilomar, California, in December 2002, and in Nice, France, April 2003. NOTE: The ANDRILL Steering Committee (ASC) has changed its name as of April 2003. It is now known as the ANDRILL Science Committee (ASC). The five scientific themes and key questions discussed in the Workshop Report’s Executive Summary have been modified. Those themes are now: Theme 1:Glacial transitions/steps and stages in the development of the Antarctic cryosphere • Late Eocene-Oligocene Oi-1 glaciation • Oligocene-Miocene Mi-1 glaciation • Middle-Late Miocene climatic deterioration (Mi4-Mi6 glaciation) • Late Pliocene global climatic deteroriation • Mid-Pleistocene climatic transition (MIS 22) Theme 2: Periods of climatic warmth • Late Paleocene thermal maximum • Late Eocene climatic optimum • Late Oligocene warming? • Middle Miocene climatic amelioration • Middle Pliocene warming • Extreme Quaternary interglacial warm (e.g. MIS 11) • Mid-Holocene climatic optimum Theme 3: Orbital and sub-orbital climatic variability, and the role of Antarctic ice cover on global sea-level and oceanic circulation • Stability of ice sheets and ice shelves at orbital timescales • Stability of ice sheets and ice shelves at sub-orbital timescales • Calibration of the Ocean sediment proxies by correlation with direct records (e.g. calibration of ice volume and sea-level) • Interhemispheric comparisons • Understanding ice sheet “amplification” of the global climate signal (what intervals of past climate were more sensitive to orbital influences and why?) • Antarctica’s contribution to Quaternary glacial-interglacial climate cycles • The role of Ross sea ice and the Ross Ice Shelf on bottom water production • Rapid climate surprises and extreme events (e.g. D-O climate fluctuations, Younger Dryas and Antarctic Cold Reversal) V Theme 4: Origins and adaptations of polar biota • Mode and timing of evolution of the polar and sea-ice biota • Biotic response to warm, cold and extreme environments and events Theme 5: West Antarctic Rift evolution and uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains • Mechanism and timing of uplift and basin subsidence • Volcanic history • The tectonic boundary conditions of climate change in the Western Ross Sea region Additionally, the scheduling phases also discussed in the Executive Summary are out dated and have been modified to the following: Phase I — Includes several seasons of geophysical/site surveys (2001–) [Reported in the text as three seasons: 2001–2004] Phase II —Includes five seasons of drilling, with a 1 year break for a mid-portfolio review (2005–2011), in different locations in McMurdo Sound [Previously scheduled as four seasons: 2003–2007] Phase III —Includes six years of data analysis and integration into glaciological, climate and oceanographic models (2005–2011) [Previously discussed as four years: 2005–2009] Finally, the Advisory Committee (discussed in Section 7) has been formed and is now identified as the ANDRILL Science Advisory Panel (ASAP). For further information or clarification of the themes or scheduling, or for information related to the ASC or ASAP, please contact either your ANDRILL national representative (which are listed on the title page or can be found in Section 3 of this Workshop Report) or the ANDRILL Science Management Office (http://andrill-server.unl.edu). VI Executive Summary ANDRILL (ANtarctic DRILLing) is a multinational initiative with the objectives to recover stratigraphic core records for use in interpreting Antarctica’s climatic, glacial and tectonic history over the past 50 million years and at varying scales of age resolution (0.1 to 100 thousand years [k.y.]). A key motivation of ANDRILL is that the role of the Antarctic cryosphere (ice sheets, ice shelves and sea-ice) in the global climate system is complex and poorly known. Understanding the past history of ice volume variation in Antarctica and associated physical changes in this region is critical to proper assessment of the global climate system and interaction of ice sheets with the ocean, atmosphere and biosphere. High-quality sedimentary archives of past ice sheet behavior have become available recently from the Cape Roberts Project (CRP) (Naish et al., 2001), unfortunately these are too few in number to allow a comprehensive understanding of Antarctica’s influence on global climate. Through the collection of geological data and their input into climate and ice sheet models, the ANDRILL Initiative will address this issue. ANDRILL proposes to drill a portfolio of sites—the McMurdo Sound Portfolio (MSP)—in order to recover critical intervals of Earth’s past climate history, where the dynamic behavior of ice sheets, ice shelves and sea-ice on Antarctica is thought to have influenced global ocean and atmospheric circulation and global sea-level elevation. In doing so, we acknowledge that efforts to understand the role of Antarctic drivers on global climate variability require a fundamental knowledge of Antarctic cryospheric evolution not only in recent times, which is plainly vital, but also for past times when global temperature and atmospheric CO2 were last similar to that which might well be reached by the end of this century. Limited exposures of Cenozoic strata in Antarctica (due to the ice cover), the low number of stratigraphic drillholes on the continental margin, and the short time that Antarctica has been explored, led geologists to rely on information derived from lower
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