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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19828-8 - The Roots of English Colonialism in Ireland John Patrick Montaño Index More information

Index

absentees, 76, 92, 295; Act of, 228, 315 barbarous customs, 3, 14, 19, 21, 228, Ackworth, Henry, 365, 366 290, 291, 304, 320, 332, 338, 369, 377, Adrian IV, 22, 28, 30 391; and brehon law, 15, 41, 299, 317, agricultural imagery, and cultivation, 2, 362; hostility to, 4, 8, 16, 40, 76, 131, 248, 250, 273; and removing unwanted 189, 291, 316, 334, 335, 339, 341, 354, objects, 21, 122 362 agriculture, 12, 19, 23, 25, 38, 108, 139, Bathe, Robert, 83, 84, 86 271; and civility, 26, 29, 32, 33, 35, 59, Belfast, 140, 152, 179, 257, 259, 261 80, 205, 282, 391; evidence of Irish, 10, Bellingham, Sir Edward, 116, 120, 168, 11, 12, 31, 167; and humanists, 50, 60, 169, 170, 171, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 128, 245; and landscape, 5, 25, 67 243, 252, 263, 337, 338, 340, 342, 348 Alen, John, Archbishop of Dublin, 84, Bingham, Sir Richard, 205 301 black rent, 227, 237 Alen, John, Lord Chancellor, 115, 116, Boate, Gerard, 3 302, 380 Boemus, Joannes, 26, 225 anglicization, 50, 101, 103, 110, 118, 237, Brabazon, 92, 95, 115, 116, 238, 239, 293, 299, 338, 356 307, 317, 335, 336, 337, 338, 342 Anglo-Irish, 69, 104, 125, 294, 310 brehon law, 15, 39, 40, 78, 108, 210, 220, Aoife, 22, 28 287, 317, 353, 366, 377 Ards, 366; Thomas Smith and, 8, 61, 258 brehons, 15, 17, 21, 39, 66, 67, 189, 190, Arnold, Nicholas, 132, 248 207, 287, 292, 299, 351, 362, 371 Articles of Plantation, Munster, 272, 273, Brereton, Andrew, 92, 240, 336, 340 274, 275, 276, 278, 280; for Ulster, 391 Breviate, 73, 86, 92, 227, 230 Ascham, Roger, 10, 58, 60, 156, 168 Browne, Sir Valentine, 199 , 202, 205, Athenians, 45, 46, 245; see also Cecil, Sir 206, 271 William Bryskett, Lodowick, 50, 59, 62, 286, Athlone, 118, 187, 240, 241, 250, 263; 384 bridge at 173 built environment, and civility, 222, 224, 228, 252, 259, 269, 272, 373; and Bagenal, Sir Henry, 259, 263, 265, 275 Essex, 260, 262, 263; hostility to, 247, Bagenal, Sir Nicholas, 116, 238, 263, 248; as texts, 24, 109, 126, 212, 216, 265, 346, 369 218 Bale, John, Bishop of Ossory, 346, 347 Burkes, 17, 152, 237, 284, 319, 325, 331, Baltinglas, Viscount, 195, 370 360, 383 barbarism, 7, 10, 20, 225, 282, 292, 298, Butler revolt of 1569, 195, 256, 258 339, 366, 370; and antiquity, 6, 37, 49, Butlers, 39, 43, 66, 78, 79, 81, 210, 258, 283; and cultivation, 4, 10, 16, 131, 284, 297, 352, 359 273; see also cultivation; and disorder, 63, 108, 166, 180, 353, 357 , 377, 378; Calvin, John, 104, 345, 370 and Gerald, 7, 12, 32, 34, 62; versus Camden, William, 29, 170, 352, 364 civility, 8, 26, 27, 29, 32, 192, 202, Carew, Sir Peter, 61, 141, 142, 258, 266, 285, 341, 364, 370 359, 360

420

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19828-8 - The Roots of English Colonialism in Ireland John Patrick Montaño Index More information

Index 421

Carrickfergus, 179, 241, 257, 259, 261 67, 78, 108, 287; and cultivation, 120, cartography, 154, 155, 156, 162, 166, 191, 222, 370; see also shires 175, 177, 187, 188, 211, 212; and Cecil, Connacht, 181, 191, 192, 223, 250, 263, 20, 45, 128, 129, 140, 141, 162, 170, 267, 368, 377; composition of, 357, 176, 177, 178, 181, 183, 185, 186, 191, 360, 363, 367, 382; cultivation in, 120; 195, 208, 211, 245; and maps, 9, 20, and maps, 199, 204 24, 128, 166, 168, 170, 176, 179, 183, Cosby (Cosbie), Francis, 116, 238 186, 192, 195, 196, 204, 205, 212; and coyne (coign), see exactions order, 155, 159, 171, 177, 180, 207, 386 Croft, Sir James, 119, 130, 169, 243, 269, Cashel, 9, 222 340, 342, 343, 344, 372 Cecil, Sir William, 59, 60, 62, 121, 128, Cromwell, Sir Thomas, 91, 164, 156, 161, 168, 183, 265, 353; and the 232, 302, 304, 307, 309, 335; and Athenians, 45, 46, 58, 59; and civility, cultivation, 9, 90, 93; and reform, 85, 123, 130, 190; and cultivation, 46, 60, 88, 90, 92, 99, 230, 300, 301, 302, 128, 129, 130, 191, 278; and maps, 305, 315, 335; and Silken Thomas, 88, see cartography; and material culture, 95, 158, 306, 335, 336; see also Wolsey 261, 262, 266; and plantations, 59, cultivation, 3, 13, 14, 52, 53, 54, 87, 103; 130, 131, 139, 143, 181, 271, 274, and antiquity, 4, 6, 47, 51, 71, 130, 359, 364; and reform, 129, 139, 140, 155, 217; and civility, 1, 2, 3, 16, 19, 141, 143, 147, 151, 171, 191, 196; and 24, 32, 36, 47, 58, 63, 114, 120 , 124, surveys, 170, 176, 178, 198 146, 215, 222, 254, 317; and cultural Charles V, 83, 89, 306, 335 difference, 16, 23, 361, 362, 373, 385, Chatterton, Thomas, 147, 259, 261, 265 389, 391; and order, 23, 27, 55, 86, 87, Cheke, John, 45, 46, 58, 60, 156, 168 97, 111, 121, 211, 225, 243, 269, 279, civility, 1, 34, 103, 224, 235, 2434 , 25 , 355; versus barbarism, 7, 8, 10, 18, 35, 259, 275, 285, 310, 325, 348, 380, 59, 86, 135, 145, 167, 180, 184, 187, 386; and barbarism, see barbarism; 251, 256, 294, 297, 313 and cities, 27, 35, 129, 187, 223, Cusack, Sir Thomas, 110, 114, 120, 121, 249, 309; and culture, 4, 6, 7, 8, 111, 318, 320, 326; and cultivation, 121, 114, 121, 131, 157, 285, 286, 287, 125, 133, 188, 345; see also St. Leger, 289, 292, 294, 304, 310, 320, 362, Sir Anthony 380; and Gerald, 31, 32, 34; and Cushenden, 138, 355 landscape, 3, 26, 27, 29, 72, 106, 234, 275, 282, 317; and laws, 18, 25, Daingean, 97, 98, 116 67, 80, 109, 230, 287, 304, 369; and Darcy, Sir William, 71, 72, 74, 78, 84, material culture, 77, 188, 192, 193, 221, 228 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 223, 227, 269, Davies, Sir John, 2 272; and order, 23, 77, 93, 97, 149, Dee, John, 60, 162, 168 163, 184, 263; and tillage, 2, 24, 27, degeneration, 17, 32, 41, 51, 52, 66, 108, 28, 36, 47, 55, 58, 74, 120, 133, 145, 284, 287, 313; and cultivation, 90, 304, 146, 180, 283, 317, 389 313, 316; and Irish culture, 292, 294, Clandeboye, 151, 247, 259 295, 298, 300, 303, 304, 305, 344, 361; Clanricard, earls of, 185, 357, 368 and the Irish language, 44, 64, 219, colonies, 20, 40, 96, 109, 117, 137, 142, 221, 282, 284, 291, 311 147, 148, 278, 344; and cultivation, Dermot, 22, 28 130, 150, 365; early, 19, 61, 70, 71, Desmond, Earl of, 17, 83, 86, 172, 185, 96, 121, 122, 124, 148, 243, 287; and 197, 270, 306, 353, 354, 355, 363, 365, Elizabeth, 138, 200, 256, 258, 271 , 368; and civility, 74, 221, 284, 308, 273, 356, 359, 364; and Mary, 126, 309, 319, 320, 324, 327, 337, 348, 365, 129; and Sidney, 141, 143, 263, 355 366; rebellion of, 153, 154, 193, 195, Columella, 50, 53, 55, 57 197, 199, 200, 202, 267 common law, 89, 105, 107, 108, 116, 124, Discourse of the Commonweal (Smith), 46, 141, 205, 237, 356, 357, 361, 364, 366; 53, 54, 143 as alternative to Irish customs, 109, ditches, see material culture 132, 188, 207; and brehons, 15, 39, 41, Dowdall, George, 244, 330, 340, 349

422 Index

Drake, Sir Francis, 152 geography, 20, 129, 141, 155, 156, 195; Drogheda, 77, 295; Parliament in, 68 Ireland’s, 12, 13, 175, 178, 196, 210, Drury, Sir William, 267, 368, 369 252 geometry, 20, 54, 156, 157, 160, 162, 201 Edgecombe, Sir Richard, 290 georgic, 28, 29, 47, 50, 51, 99, 211, 277; Edward VI, 21, 46, 60, 137, 160, 168, Virgil’s Georgics, 47, 49, 50, 52, 62, 331, 341, 343 155, 217 Elizabeth I, 61, 123, 131, 133, 152, 161, Gerald of Wales (de Barri, Cambrensis), 171, 172, 186, 193, 355; and Cecil, 138, 4, 9, 29, 30, 31, 166, 167; and 170, 359, 364; and Essex, 151, 261, barbarism, 34, 37 , 62, 70, 283; and 262; and Sidney, 135, 137, 138, 141, cultivation, 12, 32, 35, 57, 105; and 147, 172, 174, 179, 208, 250, 258, 354, Irish customs, 6, 30, 31, 32, 36, 40, 356; and Sussex, 130, 245, 256, 349, 62, 286 351, 364, 365 Geraldines, 39, 79, 108, 163, 267, 297, emperor, see Charles V 333–34; destruction of, 91, 92, 99, 231, Enterprise of Ulster, 147, 262, 366 232, 307, 316; League, 111, 342 Erasmus, 32, 45 Gerard, John 60 Essex, Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of, 10, Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 45, 59, 61, 142, 59, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 193, 143, 257, 357, 366 261, 364; and cultural reform, 364, Glenmalure, 197, 268, 350 365; and material culture, 258, 259, glibs, 167, 291, 293, 357, 371, 374, 380 260, 261, 262 Goghe, John, 128, 140 Euclid, 156, 160 Googe, Barnabe, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 217 exactions, 15, 66, 73, 74, 75, 161, 189, Grenville, Sir Richard, 61, 142, 359 206, 221, 227, 230, 236, 291, 292, Grey, Lord Leonard, 89, 95, 96, 98, 295, 304, 353, 355, 362, 367; and 99, 102, 232, 251, 314, 315; and cultivation, 101, 105, 130, 140, 193, violence, 9, 96, 97, 98, 111, 231, 286, 205, 228, 235, 297, 344, 362 318, 335 Grey de Wilton, Lord, 197, 268 Fenton, Edward, 382, 383, 384 Fernandez, Gonzalvo, 83 habit, see Irish customs Finglas, Patrick, 17, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, Habsburgs, 7, 83, 306 78, 84, 107, 221, 227, 228, 230, 292 hair, see Irish customs Finglas, Thomas, 86, 92 Hakluyt, Richard, 58 Fitton, Sir Edward, 357, 360, 363 Hatton, Sir Christopher, 271, 388 Fitzherbert, John, 53, 54, 55, 156 , 157, Henry II, 7, 9, 22, 28, 34, 37, 217, 269 158 Henry VII, 16, 67, 68, 69, 218, 284 Fitzmaurice, James, 142, 152, 185, 196, Henry VIII, 44, 69, 74, 277, 283, 284, 197, 267, 359, 360 285, 292, 294, 301, 306, 322; and Fitzwilliam, Sir William, 58, 59, 61, 62, Cromwell, 100, 158, 301, 315; and 125, 128, 140, 147, 148, 170, 186, 347, Grey, 95, 96; and the Irish lords, 296, 358, 363, 366 309, 320, 322, 325, 326, 327, 329, 332; fostering, see Irish customs and Irish reform, 75, 78, 82, 92, 100, France, 18, 111, 118, 127, 136, 167, 331 218, 219, 220, 226, 229, 233, 240; and frontiers, 16, 68, 92, 97, 99, 136, 189, Kildare, 84, 87, 88, 164, 306, 315, 218, 244, 256, 338, 349, 360; and 335; and St. Leger, 101, 109, 112, 234, culture, 65, 66, 67, 108, 166, 218, 219, 316, 318, 326, 327–26; and Surrey, 312, 317 79, 81, 295, 296, 297; and Wolsey, 69, 80, 85 gaelicization, 17, 18, 39, 67, 73, 228 Herbert, Sir William, 343, 344, 372, 373, galloglass, 66, 146, 335, 352, 356, 366 378, 379, 380 garrisons, 114, 117, 118, 122, 123, 141, Heresbach, Conrad, 56, 57, 59, 61, 157, 168, 170, 189, 237, 239, 240, 243, 253, 217 259, 268, 272, 311, 337, 346, 360 Herodotus, 6, 213, 224, 226 gavelkind, 14, 108, 163 Hesiod, 26, 224, 283

Index 423

humanists, 29, 42, 43, 44, 45, 49, 61, 73, Leighlinbridge, 118, 127, 141, 240, 250, 105, 225, 310; and cartography, 20, 349, 359, 360 155, 156; and cultivation, 43, 44, 53, Leinster, 22, 96, 108, 112, 119, 130, 187, 55, 62, 70, 128, 129, 168; and office, 230, 235, 271, 307, 323, 331, 350, 364 45, 48, 56, 76, 102, 168; and reform, Limerick, 94, 120, 142, 204, 249, 267, 77, 104, 105, 125, 302, 307, 333, 345, 319 369, 384; and Virgil, 49, 50, 217 Lynch, John, 8, 31 Lythe, Robert, 128, 179, 180, 181, 184, indenture, 90, 110, 113, 224, 235, 252, 185, 186, 195, 211, 257 317, 319, 330, 338; with Kildare, 82, 249; with O’Toole, 236, 237, 251, 322 MacDonnells, 132, 138, 147, 152 Irish customs, 3, 8, 40, 61, 64, 74, 89, MacGiollapadraigs, 135, 237, 319, 324, 231, 246, 282, 284, 286, 287, 292, 330, 331 295, 313, 320, 339, 370, 377, 384, 391; MacMahons, 192, 262 and degeneration, 41, 52, 64, 72, 221, maghery, 66 282, 284, 285, 287, 310; and fostering, Malby, Sir Nicholas, 147, 197, 198, 263, 291, 312, 382; and habit, 280, 283, 267, 366, 368 284, 289, 291, 320, 323, 326, 333–34, Malmesbury, William of, 27, 36 374, 375, 379; and hair, 280, 374; mantles, 1, 67, 167, 293, 309, 362, 378, see also glibs; and inheritance laws, 379, 380 14, 22, 101, 113, 236, 237, 283, 287, maps, see cartography 293, 317, 327; and language, 38, 283, Mary, 106, 123, 125, 187, 243, 244, 345, 284, 292, 304, 326, 344, 380; and 348 manners, 368; and pastoralism, 33, Maryborough, 138, 187, 239, 240, 241, 82, 130, 163, 228, 237, 269, 281, 283, 248, 256 285, 304, 347; and poets, 310, 311, material culture, 20, 189, 193, 226, 247, 362, 373, 381, 382 248, 258, 259, 265, 269; as a border, 68, 192, 231; and bridges, 223, 251, Jobson, Francis, 271 252, 255, 258, 260, 272; and ditches, 68, 193, 218, 219, 220, 227, 230, 246, Katherine of Aragon, 83 247, 276, 280; and houses, 123, 171, Kavanaghs (MacMurrogh), 1, 223, 187, 190, 191, 215, 225, 230, 234, 235, 235, 237, 240, 268, 319, 349; Cahir 236, 243, 244, 245, 246, 258, 262, MacArt, 320 263, 266, 277; and order, 188, 194, Keating, Geoffrey, 4, 8, 31, 37 219, 237, 243, 245, 255, 263, 265; and kerne, 66, 113, 146, 307, 326, 356, 366 roads, 225, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, Kildare, earls of, 39, 42, 66, 67, 81, 232, 255, 258, 262, 272; and towns, 190, 297, 301, 305, 306, 315, 316, 335, 352; 222, 223, 246, 248, 249, 251, 260, 272, Gearóid Óg, 9th Earl, 30, 66, 69, 78, 273, 275, 373; and walls, 189, 216, 233, 79, 82, 85, 200, 252, 295, 297, 298, 301, 246, 280; as texts, 215, 216, 228 304; Silken Thomas, 10th Earl, 87, 89, Monaghan, 192 95, 158, 230, 233, 251, 302, 306, 307; More, Sir Thomas, 70, 71, 89, 126, 201 Gerald (Garret), 11th Earl, 111, 130 Moryson, Fynes, 10, 290, 377, 379, 380, Kildares, 232, 294, 306, 315, 335 384 Kilkenny, 17, 140, 165, 232, 333, 346, Mountjoy, Charles Blount, Baron and 354, 358; Statutes of, 17, 41, 42, 65, Earl of Devonshire, 10, 262, 377, 384, 73, 89, 107, 280, 282, 283, 286, 287, 387, 391 288, 290, 310 Munster, 94, 120, 138, 141, 142, 147, Kite, John, Archbishop of Armagh, 71, 186, 249, 267, 269, 275, 279, 280, 304, 72, 79, 294, 296 308, 353, 355, 365; maps of, 204, 212; and plantation, 62, 153, 199, 200, 201, Laois (Leix), 118, 119, 123; see also Offaly 203, 257, 262, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, Laudabiliter, 28, 29, 31 274, 275, 276, 278, 279, 280, 336, 373, Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, 62, 375, 377, 387; president of, 141, 193, 177, 286, 352 198, 291, 357, 362, 363, 366, 368, 373

424 Index

New English, 91, 125, 315, 316, 333, 337, Ossory, Piers, 1st Earl and 8th Earl of 338, 343, 369; and confiscation,105 , Ormond, 85, 90, 98, 297, 301, 303; 124, 143, 336, 363 James Butler, 2nd Earl, see Ormond, Newburgh, William of, 36 earls of Newry, 184, 240, 241, 263, 265 Norden, John, 160, 161, 162 Pander (William Rokeby?), 75, 76, 82 Normans, 12, 13, 25, 30, 34, 38, 40, Parliament, 66, 68, 218, 319, 353; of 72, 78, 94, 97, 222, 223, 250; and 1541, 320, 323, 324, 326; of 1556, 127; degeneration, 52, 108, 282 of 1569, 142, 173, 191, 355, 359; of Northumberland, John Dudley, Earl of, 1584, 200, 273, 374, 375 118, 120, 121, 122 partible inheritance, 14, 233 Nowell, Lawrence, 128, 211, 212 pastoral society, 10, 13, 14, 24, 25, 38, 48, 52, 57, 62; as cultural distinction, O’Brien’s bridge, 240 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 16, 26, 70, 99, 375, 386; O’Briens, 237, 319, 330, 353, 357, 360; and culture, 20, 33, 40, 67, 105, 106, Donogh, 94, 328; Murrogh, 328 248, 254, 281, 385; and Gerald, 12, 31, O’Byrnes, 83, 100, 108, 111, 113, 114, 32, 33, 34, 35, 57; and order, 211, 222, 152, 237, 240, 300; Aodh, 326, 350; 225, 229, 300; and Virgil, 51, 62 Fiach MacHugh, 266, 369, 370 Pelham, Sir William, 267, 268 O’Connor, Faly, 85, 96, 97, 109, 111, 115, Perrot, Sir John, 151, 193, 268, 269, 273, 116, 123, 152, 237, 319; dispossession 280, 291, 372; as lord deputy, 271, of, 118, 127, 132, 187, 241, 242, 251, 272, 273, 373, 374, 375; as President of 252, 337, 342, 348, 360; rebellions, Munster, 291, 292, 357, 358, 362, 363, 238, 239, 266, 347, 348, 353, 369 366, 373 O’Connor Sligo, 355 Philip II, 7, 106, 125, 126, 235 O’Donnells, 111, 133, 175, 237; Manus, Philipstown, 138, 187, 239, 240, 241 322, 324 plantations, 19, 109, 122, 126, 140, 148, O’Neill, Sir Brian MacPhelim, 150, 257, 175, 377; attacks on, 248, 353; in 364 Laois and Offaly, 119, 185, 345, 359; O’Neill, Conn Bacach, 10, 296, 327, 328, in Munster, 258, 267, 280, 373; and 329, 331, 333 order, 16, 256, 349, 355; in Ulster, 257, O’Neill, Hugh, 374, 383, 387, 388, 391 258, 260, 358, 364 O’Neill, Shane, 130, 137, 138, 147, 154, plats, 154, 162, 163, 166, 168, 176, 179, 171, 175, 180, 181, 185, 191, 195, 210, 184, 185 246 , 258, 265, 352, 353, 355; and the Poynings, Sir Edward, 68, 69, 218, 224 Scots, 133, 136, 172, 175, 185, 347, 351 programs, 90, 107, 127, 153, 232, 281, O’Neill, Turlogh, 147, 173, 258, 374, 388 284, 300, 343, 349, 361, 370; of Perrot, O’Neill lands, 138, 139, 140, 237, 247, 373; of Sidney, 137, 152, 170, 248, 258, 265 351, 354, 356, 360, 366, 367, 368; of O’Rourkes, 192, 252 Sussex, 106, 125, 132 , 257, 341, 347 O’Toole, Turlogh, 112, 113, 322, 323 Protector and Governor, forts, 118, 238, Offaly, 83, 116, 124, 126, 142, 152, 240, 342 154, 171, 188, 239, 241, 348; made Ptolemy, 155, 156, 157, 201 into shires, 187, 188, 191, 192, 347; plantations in, 118, 119, 123, 126, 127, Radcliffe, Thomas, see Sussex 131, 347, 354; surveys of, 168, 169, Ralegh, Sir Walter, 58, 61, 276 170, 242, 245 Rathlin Island, 152 Offaly, Thomas Fitzgerald, Lord, 87, 88 records, 11, 18, 161, 168, 172, 207, 208, Ordinances, 40; of 1297, 41, 64; of 209, 210, 211, 267, 271, 359, 368; and 1534, 89, 90, 230, 305; of 1571 (for maps, 163, 181, 204, 208; and order, Munster), 362, 363 20, 163, 171, 206, 207, 211, 212, 236; Ormond, earls of, 39, 86; James, 4th Earl, and Sidney, 173, 179, 207, 208, 209 39; James Bocach, 9th Earl, 83, 115, relics, destruction of, 340, 347 323, 325, 333, 342; Piers, see Ossory; Renaissance, 43, 44, 46, 47, 50, 56, 70, Thomas, 10th Earl, 132, 142, 172, 198, 218, 228, 302; and barbarism, 4, 37, 269, 352, 353, 355, 358, 360 283; and cartography, 181, 210, 212;

Index 425

and civility, 19, 23, 27, 32, 49, 217, Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of and 222, 325; and husbandry, 24 Protector, 46, 60, 116, 117, 342, 346; Richmond, Henry, Duke of, 85, 301 and garrisons, 117, 170, 337, 342 roads, see material culture Spain, 59, 136, 273 Robbins, Arthur, 272 Spenser, Sir Edmund, 50, 59, 207, 210; Rokeby, Willam, Archbishop of Dublin and Irish culture and customs, 107, and Glendalough, 75, 76, 77, 78, 121, 108, 114, 193, 280, 282, 384; and 219, 227, 292, 295 the Irish language, 381; and material Roman history, and agriculture, 56, 213; culture, 254, 255, 256, 263; and and colonies, 71, 96, 122, 130, 137, violence, 286, 362, 370, 383, 384 148, 240; and Ireland, 45, 49, 52, 223, St. Leger, Sir Anthony, 98, 101, 109, 256, 258, 259 115, 233, 319, 3223, 32 , 324, 339; Rome, 6, 57, 59, 304; attitudes to Irish, and conciliatory policies, 21, 101, 6, 7, 167, 306 105, 108, 113, 116, 125, 236, 237, rhymers, see Irish customs, poets 317, 318, 319, 324, 326, 330, 349; and cultivation, 111, 112, 120, 235, 236, savagery, see barbarism 237, 317, 338; and Edward VI, 116, Saxton, William, 176 118, 119, 241, 243, 337, 338, 340, 342; Scythians, 26, 34, 105, 225, 293, 387 and Henry VIII, 164, 232, 233, 234, settlers, 191, 211, 212, 215, 221, 269, 300, 316, 320, 322; and Mary, 123, 125, 309, 315, 347; attacks on, 123, 132, 243, 244, 341, 345; and surrender 137, 142, 187, 242, 244; and civility, and regrant, 104, 110, 112, 143, 317, 78, 114, 115, 118, 123, 196, 274, 275, 325–26, 326–27, 331, 338 359, 386; and cultivation, 25, 41, 129; St. Leger, Sir Warham, 61, 142, 197, 201, and degeneration, 52, 64, 284, 290, 268, 359 292, 294, 300; paucity of, 40, 64, 65, Staples, Edward, Bishop of Meath, 234, 97, 123, 165, 166 317, 318, 338 Sexton, Edward, 158 State of Ireland, 1515, 75, 76, 227 sheriffs, 17, 192, 193, 349, 363; and Strabo, 155 order, 191, 192, 255 Strongbow, Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of shires, 66, 68, 116, 124, 126, 187, 191, Pembroke, 22, 28, 124, 148, 163, 228 192, 193; and civility, 146, 151, 180, submissions, 80; to Elizabeth, 352, 353; 188, 189, 194, 230, 252, 289, 298, 347; to Henry VIII, 112, 173, 234, 296, 322, and common law, 190, 191, 193, 256, 323, 327, 329; to Richard II, 65 267, 345 surrender and regrant, 104, 108, 112, Sidney, Sir Henry, 59, 61 , 62, 125, 128, 113, 235, 318, 319, 326–25, see also 132, 136, 137, 152, 366, 367, 368, 369; St. Leger, Sir Anthony and maps, 179, 184, 185, 194, 206; Surrey, Thomas Howard, Earl of, 79, 80, and order, 173, 174, 189, 192, 249, 81, 82, 110, 295, 296, 297; instructions 354, 358; and plantations, 105, 136, to, 79, 80, 81, 296 137, 138, 141, 143, 257, 262, 359, 360; surveys, 54, 139, 140, 155, 156, 157, 158, and Ulster, 135, 136, 137, 141, 147, 159, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 177, 257, 258, 354, 355; see also colonies, 178, 194, 202; of Laois and Offaly, 4, Elizabeth I, programs, records 119, 160, 168, 169, 170, 171, 188, 242, Silken Thomas, 87, 88, 90, 158, 164, 245; of Munster, 153, 184, 196, 197, 168, 228, 305, 316, 335 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 270, 271, Simnel, Lambert, 42, 67, 290 272, 274, 278, 316; of Ulster, 179, 180, Skeffington, Sir William,85 , 87, 90, 301, 181, 184, 191, 194 335 Sussex, Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of, Smith, Sir Thomas, 45, 58, 168; and the 125, 129, 130, 143, 170, 188, 248, Ards, 61, 143, 147, 151, 242, 258, 364; 258, 348, 349; and plantation in and colonies, 45, 59, 137, 143, 147, Ireland, 130, 131, 170, 187, 188, 189, 148, 150, 258; and the Discourse, 46, 191, 244, 253, 348; and programs, 53, 55, 130 106, 127, 137, 246, 256, 257, 263, 351, Smith, Thomas, fils, 259, 364; killed, 352; and Shane O’Neill, 131, 133, 137, boiled, fed to dogs, 150, 259, 261, 364 191, 246

426 Index

sylvestri, 32, 213, 215 Wales, 26, 29, 34, 37, 99, 117, 136, 178, 208, 268, 269, 301, 342, 355 tanistry, 15, 108, 163, 317, 327 Wallop, Sir Henry, 202, 271, 273 tillage, see cultivation Walshe, Edward, 121, 122, 123, 129, 148 Tipperary, 140, 165, 223, 232, 333, 354 Walsingham, Sir Francis, 46, 202, 209, transhumance, 31, 163, 217, 225 267, 271, 273, 381; and maps, 161, Tremayne, Edmund, 143, 152, 366, 370 177, 197, 198, 205, 206; and material Tusser, Thomas, 55, 58, 217 culture, 267, 269 Tyrone, earls of, see O’Neill Warbeck, Perkin, 42, 67 , 68 White, Rowland, 143, 145, 146, Ulster, 119, 137, 141, 191, 193, 194, 147, 356 209, 223, 250, 257, 324, 367, 383; wilderness, 23, 180, 183, 187, 188, 207, efforts to map, 179, 180, 181, 184; 229, 285, 334; and cultivation, 60, 184, Enterprise of, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 212, 251, 256 364; and material culture, 247, 257, Wolsey, Thomas Cardinal, 85, 221, 294, 260, 263, 265, 359; and the O’Neills, 296, 300, 335; and Cromwell, 85, 88, 130, 132, 138, 171, 175, 185, 327, 329, 92, 300, 301, 357; and Irish reform, 69, 331, 355, 388; plans for plantation, 3, 71, 72, 80, 84, 284, 294, 300; and John 139, 140, 141, 142, 147, 181, 193, 364, Alen, Archbishop of Dublin, 84; and 391 Kildare, 84, 85, 295, 301; and Rokeby, 76; and Surrey, 79, 80, 81 Varro, 50, 53, 57 Vergil, Polydore, 68, 70 Xenophon, 53, 54, 56, 57, 70, 71 Virgil, 6, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 130, 217; Georgics, 50, 51, 52, 62, 155 Yorkist Ireland, 65, 67, 289