THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE [email protected]
44th ANNUAL MEETING OF THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 44e RENCONTRE ANNUELLE DE LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE Sociological Issues Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2009: Capital Connections: nation, terroir, territoire Enjeux sociologiques Congrès des sciences humaines et sociales 2009: Capital Connections: nation, terroir, territoire May 26 – May 29, 2009 / Du 26 au 29 mai 2009 Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario Université Carleton, Ottawa, Ontario
Official Programme - Programme officiel Last Update/Dernière mise à jour 2009-06-23 If you have visited the Programme Section earlier, your computer may have memorized a version that is not valid any more. Make sure you access the most recent version by using the F5 key (Refresh) on your PC or Command +R on your Mac. / Si vous avez déjà consulté la présente section, votre ordinateur a peut-être retenu une ancienne version. Assurez-vous d'accéder à la dernière version en utilisant la fonction Refresh ou F5 sur votre PC ou Commande +R sur votre Mac.
WELCOME FROM THE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE
The CSA Annual Meetings are organised by a Committee whose members are appointed by the Association’s Executive Committee.
For 2009, the Committee is composed of Monica Boyd, University of Toronto, CSA President, Harley Dickinson, University of Saskatchewan, CSA President-Elect, Pamela Sugiman, Ryerson University, CSA Past-President, Andrea Doucet, Carleton University, Local Representative, and Gilles Laflamme, Association’s Director and Programme Coordinator.
The members of the 2009 Annual Meeting programme Committee, along with the members of the Executive Committee of the CSA warmly welcome you to this 44th edition of the Annual Meeting. The Canadian Sociological Association’s programme this year welcomes more than 400 people who will participate in 2 plenary sessions, more than 100 regular and panel sessions, many administrative meetings including the Annual General Meeting of the members and of course many social events like the Awards Ceremony and the Carleton department of Sociology and Anthropology reception.
SESSIONS DEVELOPMENT
The Chair is responsible for monitoring the entire session. The success of a session often depends upon the Chair’s ability to hold the speakers to the allocated time in order to ensure time for the discussant and general discussion. Some of the most important responsibilities of the chair are to: - Open the session at the scheduled time and set the context with brief introductory remarks; - Introduce the participants before their presentation - Hold the presenters and the discussant to an equal allocated time. - Moderate panel and floor discussions; and - Adjourn the session in time to allow the room to clear before the next session begins. Chairs are requested to report the name(s) of any no shows and the session number to the CSA representative at desk. The Chair of a regular session has the option to drop from the programme any author not submitting a copy of his/her paper to the discussant two weeks before the meeting and must inform the Programme Committee. Discussants are to prepare, in advance, appropriate analytical or critical commentaries of the significance and contribution of the papers presented in a regular session. Discussants are not obliged to comment on papers they have not received prior to the meeting. Presenters should try to engage with their audience even if they read their notes or summary and they should try to avoid reading the paper. Such presentations are often less interesting for the audience and additionally it increases the likelihood that the presenter may run out of time before reaching the most significant aspects of the presentation.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 1 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Delegates are asked to follow the rules set by the host university, to keep noise to a minimum during the presentations, and to try to avoid leaving sessions before all the presenters have presented.
MOT DE BIENVENUE DU COMITÉ DU PROGRAMME
Les rencontres annuelles de la SCS sont organisées par un Comité dont les membres sont nommés par le Comité exécutif de la SCS.
Pour 2009, le Comité est composé de Monica Boyd, Université de Toronto, présidente de la SCS, Harley Dickinson, Université de la Saskatchewan, président désigné de la SCS, Pamela Sugiman, Université Ryerson, présidente- sortante de la SCS, Andrea Doucet, Université Carleton, représentante locale, et Gilles Laflamme, directeur de la SCS, Coordonnateur du programme.
Les membres du Comité du programme pour 2009 se joignent aux membres du Comité exécutif de la SCS pour vous souhaiter la plus cordiale des bienvenues à cette quarante-quatrième rencontre annuelle. Le programme de la Société canadienne de sociologie accueille cette année plus de 400 personnes qui participeront à 2 séances pléniéres, plus de 100 séances réguliéres et d’information, plusieurs rencontres administratives dont l’assemblée générale des membres sans oublier les événements sociaux dont la cérémonie de remise des prix et récompenses de la Société et la réception du département de sociologie et d’anthropologie de l’Université Carleton.
DÉROULEMENT DES SÉANCES
Le président de séance est en charge de la séance au complet. Le succès dépend de l’habileté du président à limiter les communications au temps alloué afin d’assurer à chacun et à la discussion générale assez de temps. Parmi les responsabilités les plus importantes, le président doit : - Ouvrir et introduire la séance à l’heure prévue - Introduire les participants - Maintenir un temps égal pour chaque présentateur et pour le commentateur - Présider les discussions entre les communicateurs et l’auditoire - Fermer la séance à l’heure prévue afin de libérer la salle pour le prochain groupe Les présidents de séance doivent informer la Société du nom des personnes qui ne se présentent pas. Le président d’une séance régulière peut retirer du programme tout auteur qui ne soumet pas son texte au commentateur 2 semaines avant la rencontre et doit en informer la Société. Les commentateurs doivent préparer à l’avance des commentaires analytiques et critiques sur la pertinence de la communication. Les commentateurs ne sont pas obligés de commenter les communications dont ils n’ont pas reçu le texte préalablement à la rencontre. Les présentateurs doivent interagir avec l’auditoire, même s’ils lisent leur notes ou leur résumé de communication. Ils doivent éviter de lire leur communication. De telles lectures sont souvent moins intéressantes pour l’auditoire et augmentent le risque de manquer de temps pour exposer les point principaux de la communication. Les délégués doivent se conformer aux règles de l’université hôte, réduire le bruit le plus possible durant les séances et ne pas quitter avant que la séance ne soit terminée.
Important message Please note that the annual banquet has been cancelled this year. There will be a departmental reception at Carleton on May 27 and the Awards will be presented at the AGM on May 28. More details in the programme.
Message important Veuillez noter que le banquet annuel a été annulé cette année. Le Département de Sociologie et d'Anthropologie de Carleton a organisé une réception le 27 mai et la cérémonie des récompenses aura lieu le 28 mai dans le cadre de l'assemblée générale. Voir le programme pour plus de détails.
Membership and annual meeting fees are mandatory in order to participate in the annual meeting. Participants who http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 2 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
neglect to pay their membership along with the 2009 meeting fees will not be allowed to participate in a future meeting unless the amount due for this year's meeting is completely paid.
La cotisation annuelle et les frais de participation au congrès sont obligatoires. Les participants qui ne paieront pas leur cotisation et les frais de participation au congrès 2009 ne seront pas autorisés à participer à une rencontre annuelle tant qu'ils n'auront pas payé les frais exigés pour l'année 2009.
The 2010 Congress will be held at Concordia University, Montréal, Québec from May 27 to June 03 2010. The 2011 Congress will be held at University of New Brunswick and St. Thomas University, Fredericton, New Brunswick from May 28 to June 04, 2011. The 2012 Congress will be held at Wilfrid Laurier University and the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, from May 26 to June 02, 2012.
If you already intend to participate to the CSA Annual Meetings that will be held during those congresses, please do not hesitate to contact us at the CSA table at the 2009 Congress. Our table will be open May 26 to May 29 from 08:00 to 15:30.
Le prochain congrès aura lieu à l'Université Concordia, Montréal, Québec, du 27 mai au 3 juin 2010. Le suivant, en 2011, se tiendra à l'Université du Nouveau-Brunswick et à l'Université Saint-Thomas, à Fredericton, Nouveau-Brunswick, du 28 mai au 4 juin 2011. Le congrès de 2012 se tiendra à l'Université Wilfrid-Laurier et à l'Université de Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, du 26 mai au 2 juin 2012.
Si vous avez déjà l'intention de participer aux rencontres de la SCS, qui auront lieu dans le cadre de ces congrès, n'hésitez pas à nous contacter à la table de la SCS au Congrès de 2009. Nous y serons du 26 mai au 29 mai entre 8h et 15h30.
Invitation to Submit Articles to The Canadian Review of Sociology
The Canadian Review of Sociology, published since 1964, is the official publication of the Canadian Sociological Association. It is committed to the dissemination of innovative ideas and research findings that are at the core of the discipline. It publishes original theoretical, topical and empirical research with a focus on Canadian society and global issues. Articles in the CRS are read by academics, policy makers, graduate students and the general public. The selection of articles for publication in the CRS is based on a rigorous double-blind review process. Authors of original conference papers are encouraged to send submissions to The Canadian Review of Sociology. The Editorial Board is committed to providing authors with constructive reviews promptly delivered. Manuscripts should be submitted using Manuscript Central at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/crs. Accepted manuscripts undergo extensive copy-editing, typesetting and reference validation ensuring the highest quality publication possible. Please see the Authors’ Guidelines at http://www.wiley.com/bw/submit.asp?ref=1755-6171&site=1 .
La Revue canadienne de sociologie vous invite à soumettre des articles
Publication officielle de la Société canadienne de sociologie, la Revue canadienne de sociologie paraît depuis 1964. Elle s’est donné pour mission de diffuser des idées novatrices et des résultats de recherches touchant à l’essence même de la discipline. Elle publie des travaux originaux de nature théorique, des recherches sur des sujets déterminés et des recherches empiriques mettant l’accent sur la société canadienne et sur des sujets d'intérêt mondial. Les articles qui paraissent dans la RCS sont lus par des universitaires, des décideurs publics, des étudiants diplômés ainsi que le grand public. La sélection des articles est basée sur un processus rigoureux de révision en double aveugle. Les auteurs de communications présentées au Congrès sont invités à soumettre leurs textes à la Revue canadienne de sociologie. Le comité éditorial s’engage à réagir promptement aux soumissions et à proposer des corrections constructives. Les manuscrits doivent être conformes aux directives décrites à http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/crs . Les manuscrits acceptés font l’objet d’une révision en profondeur, puis d'une lecture d’épreuves attentive et d'un processus exigeant de validation des références garantissant un produit final de très grande qualité. Vous trouverez les directives aux auteurs à http://www.wiley.com/bw/submit.asp?ref=1755-6171&site=1.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 3 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
PROPOSED SESSIONS BY THEMES - SÉANCES PROPOSÉES REGROUPÉES PAR THÈME
ADMINISTRATIVE MEETINGS – RÉUNIONS ADMINISTRATIVES
SPECIAL EVENTS AND SESSIONS – ÉVÈNEMENTS ET SÉANCES SPÉCIALES
ANNUAL MEETING SCHEDULE – SESSIONS AND PANELS HORAIRE DE LA RENCONTRE ANNUELLE – SÉANCES ET PANELS
EXTERNAL EVENTS AND JOINT SESSIONS OF INTEREST
PROPOSED SESSIONS BY THEMES SÉANCES PROPOSÉES REGROUPÉES PAR THÈME
ADDICTION & VIOLENCE Sociological Approaches to Addiction – Organiser: Lorne Tepperman, Professor of Sociology, University of Toronto CSA044 Sociology of Violence I, II, III - Organiser: Dale Spencer, Ph.D. Candidate, Carleton University CSA055, CSA122, CSA135 Policing, Regulation and Social Control – Organiser: Carrie B. Sanders, Wilfrid Laurier University CSA067 Intersections of Gender, Race, and Violence I and II– Organisers: Kristen Gilchrist, PhD Student, Sociology, Carleton Unversity, and Aaron Doyle, Associate Professor, Sociology, Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Carleton University CSA045, CSA119 Critical approaches to “post-violence reintegration” - Organisers: Laura Eramian, York University, and Riley Olstead, St. Francis Xavier University CSA056 The Sociology of Prison and Punishment - Organisers: Dr. Aaron Doyle, Ph.D., Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University and Leah DeVellis, Ph.D. Sociology Student, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, CSA108 CULTURE Sociology of Culture I, II, III - Organiser: Vanina Leschziner, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto CSA060 CSA105 CSA114 Explorations in the Sociology of Literature I and II- Organiser: Andrea Doucet, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University CSA094, CSA113 The Sociology of Place and Memory - Organiser: Tonya Davidson, Ph.D. Sociology Student, University of Alberta CSA126 Picture Taking as Social Action: Power, Pleasure, and New Media - Organiser: Tara Milbrandt, Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, Department of Social Sciences CSA086, CSA115 Aesthetics, Politics, and the Senses - Organiser: Bruce Curtis, Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University CSA130
EDUCATION The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same? Canadian Higher Education in the First Decade of the New Millenium – Organiser: Claire Polster, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina CSA097 Educational issues in Canada and beyond – Organiser: E. Dianne Looker, Mt. St. Vincent University CSA018 Equity Issues in Postsecondary Education – Organiser: Linda Muzzin, Higher Education Group, Theory & Policy Studies in Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto CSA029 Universities and ‘the culture of whiteness’: Resisting the Status Quo - Organisers: Maria Wallis, York University, Sociology and Social Sciences CSA019 Social Movements: Emerging Scholarship - Organiser: Howard Ramos, Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University CSA036 Navigating the Graduate School Experience (Sponsored by CSA Student Issues Subcommittee) – Organisers: Stella Park, Ph.D. student, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Kristine Votova, Ph.D. candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, and Jennifer Henning, Graduate student, Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland CSA030
ENVIRONMENT Advances in Environmental Sociology I and II – Organiser: John Parkins, Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta CSA010 and CSA088 The Sociology of Environmental Controversies and Disasters – Organiser: Nathan Young, Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Ottawa CSA068 Food and Environments – Organiser: Myra J. Hird, Sociology Department, Queen's University CSA046 Science, Technology and Food Cultures – Organiser: Carlos Novas, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University CSA057 Environmental Risks – Organiser: Harry Diaz, Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina CSA117 http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 4 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
FAMILY AND YOUTH Family Troubles: Causes and Responses – Organiser: Lorne Tepperman, Professor of Sociology, University of Toronto CSA064 Research on and with Children – Organiser: Rachel Berman, Associate Professor, School of Early Childhood, Ryerson University CSA042 Parenting – Organiser: Patrizia Albanese, Associate Professor, Sociology, Ryerson University CSA053 Child & Youth in Canada I – Organiser: Dan Mahoney, Assistant Professor, School of Nutrition, Ryerson University CSA007 Child & Youth in Canada II - Interpreting Youth, Crime and Violence Consumption – Organiser: Dan Mahoney, Assistant Professor, School of Nutrition, Ryerson University CSA133 Young People’s Internet Use: Canadian and international perspectives – Organiser: Ann Denis, Dept. of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Ottawa CSA022 Childhood, youth and formal institutions I and II - Organiser: Rebecca Raby, Department of Child and Youth Studies CSA024 CSA033 Caring for Children I– Organiser: Glenda Wall, Department of Sociology, Wilfrid Laurier University CSA106 Caring for Children II – Organiser: Glenda Wall, Department of Sociology, Wilfrid Laurier University CSA120 Fatherhood in Canada - Theoretical and empirical considerations – Organiser: David Long, Professor, Sociology, The King's University College CSA077
GENERAL SOCIAL SURVEY Future content of Canada’s General Social Survey: What are the data gaps? - Organiser: Heather Dryburgh, Ph.D., Statistics Canada, CSA011
HEALTH Globalization of Health Labour: The Canadian Experience in Context - Organiser: Ivy Lynn Bourgeault, Professor, Bachelor of Health Sciences Program, Associate Director, Community Health Research Unit, CIHR Chair in Health Human Resource Policy, University of Ottawa CSA110 Sociology of Aging, Health and Care - Organiser: Margaret J. Penning, PhD, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria CSA091 Social and Cultural Aspects of Death and Dying – Organiser: Ivan Emke, Associate Professor, Social/Cultural Studies Head, Division of Social Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland CSA102 Accounting for Care - Organiser: Jacqueline Choiniere, York University CSA066
IMMIGRATION The Economic Integration of Immigrants and Immigrant Offspring – Organiser: Richard A. Wanner, Department of Sociology, University of Calgary CSA020 Transnational migration and migrant “illegalization” – Organiser: Paloma Villegas, PhD Candidate, OISE/University of Toronto CSA021 Immigration and Transnationalism I and II- Organiser: Ann Kim, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, York University CSA032 et CSA129 Immigration and Ethnic Diversity - Organiser: Henry P.H. Chow, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina CSA051 Globalization of Health Labour: The Canadian Experience in Context - Organiser: Ivy Lynn Bourgeault, Professor, Bachelor of Health Sciences Program, Associate Director, Community Health Research Unit, CIHR Chair in Health Human Resource Policy, University of Ottawa CSA085 Immigration Policy, Migrant Workers & Growing Underclass - Organiser: Tony Wohlfarth, Carleton University Academic Staff Association (CUASA) (joint session with the Society for Socialist Studies) CSA118 Work and Immigration - Organiser - Cynthia Cranford, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto CSA035 Aging and Immigration - Organiser: Ann Kim, Department of Sociology, York University CSA023
INSTITUTIONS, WORK & OCCUPATIONS Institutional Ethnography and the Managerial State - Organisers: Alison I.Griffith and Dorothy E. Smith CSA004 Occupations and Professions I - Organiser: Tracey L. Adams, PhD, Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario CSA016 Occupations and Professions II - Organiser: Tracey L. Adams, PhD, Department of Sociology, University of Western OntarioCSA107 In and Out of Work in the Grim Economy I – Organiser: Ann Duffy, Professor, Brock University CSA027 In and Out of Work in the Grim Economy II – Organiser: Ann Duffy, Professor, Brock University CSA071 Organized Labour and the Responses of Workers' Communities to the New Economy I – Organiser: Norene Pupo, Director, Centre for Research on Work and Society, York University CSA005 Organized Labour and the Responses of Workers' Communities to the New Economy II – Organiser: Norene Pupo, Director, Centre for Research on Work and Society, York University CSA059 New Technologies at Work – Organiser: Dimitrina Dimitrova, Ph.D., York University CSA017 Commercialization of/in the Life Sciences - Organiser: Martin French, Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Health Policy, http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 5 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto CSA128 Policies, Institutions and Outcomes - Organiser: John Myles, Sociology professor, University of Toronto CSA031
JOINT SESSIONS Examining the Public-Political-Academic Nexus in North American Sociology, 1930s-1990s - Organisers: Mark Solovey, University of Toronto and Neil McLaughlin, McMaster University. Joint Session with Canadian Society for the History and Philosophy of Science (CSHPS) CSA008 Racism in the Canadian University: Demanding Social Justice, Inclusion, and Equity - Organiser: Carol Tator, York University, Joint Session with the Canadian Association of Geographers (CAG ) CSA080 Immigration Policy, Migrant Workers & Growing Underclass - Organiser: Tony Wohlfarth, Carleton University Academic Staff Association (CUASA) Joint session with the Society for Socialist Studies (SSS) CSA118 The Current Crisis of Capitalism: Lessons from the Great Depression - Organiser: Trevor Wesley Harrison, Department of Sociology University of Lethbridge. Joint Session with the Society for Socialist Studies (SSS) CSA131
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY Confronting Theory with Evidence – Organiser: John Myles, Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto CSA003 Doing Justice and Building Peace in the Ruins of War – Organiser: Augustine SJ Park, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University CSA015 Globalisation and Sociological Issues - Organiser: Liam Swiss, McGill University CSA026 Social Movements: Emerging Scholarship - Organiser: Howard Ramos, Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University CSA036 The Creation, Maintenance, Expansion and Crisis of Nation States - Organiser: Karen Stanbridge, Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland CSA043 The Nation-State and Everyday Life - Organiser: Trevor Harrison, Department of Sociology, University of Lethbridge CSA054 Hegemonic Nationalism - Organiser: Slobodan Drakulic, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University CSA084 Contentious Nationalism - Organiser: James Kennedy, School of Social and Political Science, Edinburgh University CSA095 Social Movements - Canadian Case Studies - Organiser: Philippe Couton, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa CSA096 Author meets Critic: Political Institutions and Lesbian and Gay Rights in the United States and Canada (Routledge, 2008) - Author: Miriam Smith, School of Public Policy and Administration, York University CSA074 Exploring Social Movement Theory - Organiser - Jim Conley, Department of Sociology, Trent University CSA132
RACE & ETHNICITY Aboriginal People in the 21st Century: Issues and Perspectives - Organiser: Jim Frideres, University of Calgary CSA063 Quebec’s “Reasonable Accommodation Crisis”: English Canadian Perspectives – Organiser: Elke Winter, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa CSA041 Identity and Belonging in Canada in the wake of the 21st century I – Organiser: Amal Madibbo, Assistant Professor, Sociology Department, Calgary University CSA052 Identity and Belonging in Canada in the wake of the 21st century II – Organiser: Amal Madibbo, Assistant Professor, Sociology Department, Calgary University CSA070
RELIGION The Shape of Religion Today - Organiser and discussant: Holly Thomas, PhD Candidate, Carleton University CSA081 Religion and Identity I – Organiser: Kelly Amanda Train, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University CSA085 Religion and Identity II – Organiser: Kelly Amanda Train, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University CSA103
RESEARCH APPROACHES & ISSUES Using Institutional Ethnography and the sociology of Dorothy E. Smith for research in education and the professions - Organiser: Suzanne Forgang Miller, PhD Candidate, ABD, Higher Education Group, Theory and Policy Studies in Education, OISE/UT CSA069 Innovations in Sociological Research – Organiser: Liz Quinlan, PhD, University of Saskatchewan CSA099 Transdisciplinary Research and Sociology - Organiser: Myra J. Hird, Sociology Department, Queen's University CSA089 Sociology of Science I and II– Organiser: Bill Leeming, Faculty of Liberal Studies, Ontario College of Art & Design CSA065 CSA079 Qualitative Methodology - Organiser: Katharine Kelly, Women, Gender Studies & Sociology, Carleton University, Ottawa CSA116 Producing textual realities - Organiser: Dorothy E. Smith, Professor Emerita, Sociology & Equity Studies in Education, OISE/UT, Adjunct Professor, Sociology, University of Victoria, CSA034
SOCIAL INEQUALITY Social Inequality I – Organiser: John Goyder, Department of Sociology, University of Waterloo CSA049 Social Inequality II – Organiser: John Goyder, Department of Sociology, University of Waterloo CSA072 http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 6 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL CONSENSUS AND SOLIDARITY Social Networks and Sociology – Organiser: Alexandra Marin, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto CSA083 The Sociology of Solidarity - Organisers: Janet Siltanen, Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University and Leah DeVellis, PhD Student, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University CSA058
SOCIAL POLICY Social Policy Change: Canadian and International Perspectives - Organiser: Daniel Béland, Professor, Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy (University of Saskatchewan) CSA028
SOCIAL THEORY A Sociological Analysis of Sociology - Organiser: Ping-Chun Hsiung, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto CSA082 Critical Social Theory – Organiser: Christopher Powell, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Manitoba CSA093 CSA109 CSA123 Critical Sociology in Canada: Crisis, Impasse or Business as Usual? - Organiser: Denis Wall, Sessional Instructor, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, and Department of Sociology, Brock University CSA092 Social Theory and History - Organiser: Craig McFarlane, Doctoral Candidate (ABD), Graduate Program in Sociology, York University, Toronto CSA127
URBAN Making the City I, II, III - Organiser: Ondine Park, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta CSA048 CSA121 CSA134
WOMEN/GENDER Gender Theories; Gendered Practices: Or is there a ‘There’ there? I and II - Organiser and Discussant: Roberta Hamilton, Professor Emerita, Queen’s University CSA012 CSA047 Immigrant Women in Canada and Beyond - Organiser: Francine Tremblay, PhD Student (ABD), Université du Québec à Montréal CSA090 Care Work: What are the Issues for Women Today? - Organiser and chair: Pat Armstrong, York University CSA101
ADMINISTRATIVE MEETINGS - RÉUNIONS ADMINISTRATIVES
CSA002 - Monday, May 25/ Lundi 25 mai – 9:00 - 17:00 – Room/Salle: Duntom Tower 1304 Meeting of CSA Executive Committee – Réunion du Comité exécutif de la SCS
CSA014 - Tuesday, May 26/Mardi 26 mai - 9:00 - 12:30 - Room/Salle: Southam Hall 408 Meeting of the Editorial Board of The Canadian Review of Sociology – Réunion du Comité éditorial de la Revue canadienne de sociologie
CSA025 - Tuesday, May 26/Mardi 26 mai -11:00 - 13:30 - Room/Salle: Loeb Building D880 Meeting of Annual Meeting Programme Committee (2009 and 2010) – Réunion du Comité du Programme de la Rencontre annuelle (2009-2010)
CSA111 - Thursday May 28/Jeudi 28 mai – 15:15 – 17:00 – Room/Salle: Loeb Building A602 Annual General Meeting of the CSA members – Assemblée générale annuelle des membres de la SCS
CSA112 - Thursday May 28/Jeudi 28 mai – 17:00 – 22:00 – Room/Salle: Loeb Building D382 Meeting of CSA Executive Committee – Réunion du Comité Exécutif de la SCS
SPECIAL EVENTS AND SESSIONS - ÉVÉNEMENTS ET SÉANCES SPÉCIALES
CSA037 - Tuesday, May 26/Mardi 26 mai -13:30 – 15:00 Room/Salle: Southam Hall 516 Lecture – John Porter Tradition of Excellence Book Award – Conférence du récipiendaire du Prix du livre dans la tradition d'excellence de John Porter Cecil Foster, author of Blackness and Modernity: The Colour of Humanity and the Quest for Freedom. Blackness and Modernity is a work that traverses the fields of cultural sociology, anthropology and social philosophy in its interrogation of the relationship and interaction between blackness as both an embodiment of material-somatic inequality and exclusion on the one hand, and a metaphor or relay of social and cultural movement and change on the other.
CSA038 - Tuesday, May 26/Mardi 26 mai -15:15 – 16:45 Room/Salle: Southam Hall 516
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 7 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Plenary Session - / Prospects for Public Sociology Speaker: Michael Burawoy, Department of Sociology, University of California at Berkeley, Vice-president, International Sociological Association; Past president, American Sociological Association
CSA040 - Wednesday, May 27/Mercredi 27 mai - 9:00 - 10:30 Room/Salle: Paterson Hall 118 Discussion session around the 2008 John Porter Tradition of Excellence Lecture and Book Cecil Foster – Blackness and Modernity: The Colour of Humanity and the Quest for Freedom
CSA074 - Wednesday, May 27/Mercredi 27 mai - 13:30 - 15:00 Room/Salle: MacODRUM LIBRARY 102 Author meets Critic: Political Institutions and Lesbian and Gay Rights in the United States and Canada (Routledge, 2008) - Author: Miriam Smith, School of Public Policy and Administration, York University,
CSA075 - Wednesday, May 27/Mercredi 27 mai - 15:15 - 16:45 Room/Salle: MacODRUM LIBRARY 102 Plenary Session - Séance plénière - Knowledge Mobilization and the Canadian Community Organiser - Responsable: Dr. Harley Dickinson - Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, CSA President-Elect, Sociologie, Université de la Saskatchewan, Président désigné de la SCS Speakers: Chad Gaffield, president of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), président du Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines (CRSH) [email protected] - Gisele Yasmeen, vice-president, partnerships (SSHRC), vice-présidente, Partenariats (CRSH) [email protected] - Craig McNaughton, Senior Program Officer - Strategic Grants and Joint Initiatives Division (SSHRC), Agent principal de programme - Division des subventions stratégiques et des initiatives conjointes (CRSH) [email protected]
CSA076 - Wednesday, May 27/Mercredi 27 mai - 17:00 - 19:00 Room/Salle: Loeb Building Lounge - 2nd floor Loeb Building (closest to the University Drive entrance to the building). Reception of the Carleton University Department of Sociology and Anthropology Details: Bar service (one free drink ticket for CSA delegates available at the CSA table, additional drinks for purchase - cash only)
CSA110 - Thursday, May 28 – Jeudi 28 MAI – 13:30 – 15:00 – Room/Salle Loeb Building A602 Globalization of Health Labour: The Canadian Experience in Context - Organiser and Chair: Ivy Lynn Bourgeault, Professor, Bachelor of Health Sciences Program, Associate Director, Community Health Research Unit, CIHR Chair in Health Human Resource Policy, University of Ottawa [email protected] – Discussant: TBA This session will address the issue of the globalization of health labour primarily through the migration of health workers from developing to developed nations. The first paper will address the role of internationally educated health professionals (IEHPs) in the Canadian health human resource policy context with a focus on physicians, nurses and midwives. This will be followed by an examination of the experiences of these IEHPs with the migration and integration process. The role of immigrant care workers in the home and long term care sections will be the focus of the third paper. All three of these papers will draw upon data from B.C., Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. The fourth paper will examine the migration to Canada of IEHPs specifically from subSaharan Africa and the impact on both sending and receiving countries. The final paper will look beyond the Canadian context to examine the impact of the migration of health workers on a range of so called source countries to Canada highlighting the Philippines, India, South Africa and the Caribbean region. 1. Comparing Perspectives on the Role of Internationally Educated Health Professionals in Can, US, UK & Australia - Yvonne LeBlanc, Johanna Geraci, Rishma Parpia, Judi Winkup & Elena Neiterman, McMaster University 2. Reflecting on the Experiences of IEHPs in Canada - Elena Neiterman, Ken Viers, Jane LeBrun, Judi Winkup, McMaster University 3. The Role of Immigrant Care Workers in Aging Societies - Jelena Atanackovic, Rishma Parpia, Jane LeBrun, Judi Winkup & Ahmed Rashid, McMaster University 4. The Migration of Health Professionals from English Speaking SubSaharan Africa to Canada - Corinne Packer, Ron Labonte & Vivien Runnels, University of Ottawa 5. Source Country Perspectives on the Migration of Health Workers - Rishma Parpia, Brenda Ogembo, & Nadia Oryema, University of Ottawa Discussant: Nicola Yeates, Professor, Sociology, Open University, U.K. (still to be confirmed)
MEETING SCHEDULE - SESSIONS AND PANELS HORAIRE DE LA RENCONTRE ANNUELLE - SÉANCES ET PANELS
TUESDAY - MARDI / MAY 26 – 26 MAI – 09:00 – 10:30
CSA003 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Confronting Theory with Evidence – Organiser: John Myles, Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] - Chair: John Myles – Discussant: Douglas Baer, Professor of Sociology, University of Victoria [email protected] Authors are invited to submit papers that address core and emergent theoretical debates in the field of political sociology with new
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 8 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
empirical evidence. The aim of the session is to provide a platform for innovative programs of research on contemporary issues including political behaviour and popular culture, social movements, political institutions, and the policy outputs of national, regional and local government. Papers with a comparative and/or historical frame of reference are especially welcome. 1) Support for Québec sovereignty: An empirical an empirical assessment of the cost-benefit and social-psychological explanations - Emily Laxer, PHD student, University of Toronto, [email protected] For over three decades, scholars have sought to identify the factors which cause Québécois voters to associate with either side of the ongoing debate on sovereignty. This paper uses survey data gathered on behalf of the Center for Research and Information on Canada (CRIC) to assess the relative empirical salience of two conceptual schemes: Social-Psychological and Cost-Benefit. It will be shown that, contrary to expectations, both Cost-Benefit motives – such as income, occupation and perceptions of the economic and cultural outcomes of sovereignty – and Social-Psychological motives – such as attachment to Canada and tendency to identify with a set of historic ethnic grievances – act independently to determine the direction and outcome of neo-nationalist sentiment in Québec. 2) Canada’s “fringe” political parties, the youth vote, and the Web - Jonathan D. Callegher, PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Waterloo, [email protected] Though the elections were less than one month apart, the United States reported the second-largest youth voter turnout in its general election history while Canada reported its lowest. What accounts for the difference? Is the use of the Internet a factor? Until this time, studies have shown that the Internet has had little or no positive effect on voting behaviour, even among 18-24 year olds who grew up with the technology. But the Obama campaign’s strategic use of the Web has been hailed as a key tool in its election victories, and Canadian political parties—seeing the potential in using new media to attract a young electorate that remains uncommitted—will be investing greater resources in creating youth-friendly Web campaigns, both provincially and nationally. But what about the nation’s lesser-known registered political parties? As the Web becomes a more central place for citizen activity will the gap in popularity and credibility between resource-rich and resource-poor organizations widen? Through interviews with leading members of four national and six provincial “fringe” parties, as well as case studies of the party Web sites, I will start to frame the issues surrounding the survival of Canada's lesser-known political parties online. 3) Expertise and Civility in the Field of Democracy Assistance - Michael Christensen, PhD Candidate (V), Dept. of Sociology, York University, [email protected] The emerging field of international democracy assistance is defined, in many ways, by a lack of coherent or unified definitions. This, however, may be appropriate considering the complex and contentious nature of democracy itself. In this context of conceptual ambiguity, operational definitions of democracy are forged by professionals working within the field and are shaped by the circulation of expert knowledge. This project investigates the uncertain place of these professionals who must negotiate the logic of large bureaucratic institutions in wealthy donor countries alongside the qualitative needs and interests of those struggling to effect democratic change. To facilitate this negotiation, I argue that professionals in this field are forced to create and manage a "dialogue of civility" that is itself defined by all the promise, ambiguity, and danger that is endemic to the process of democratization. 4) Economic Inequality and Attitudes towards Income Inequality in 24 Capitalist Societies - Robert Andersen, Professor, Dept. of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] and Meir Yaish, Department of Sociology, University of Haifa Employing multilevel models fitted to International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) data from the 1990s and country-level information from various official sources, we explore the relationship between individual-level social class and attitudes toward pay inequality in 24 capitalist societies. Contrary to common arguments, our findings suggest that attitudes toward pay inequality are not related to level of economic development. Instead, we find attitudes towards income inequality to be positively related to market generated income inequality, and negatively related to the level of income redistribution in society. We also find that social class interacts with country- level income inequality in its effect on attitudes. More specifically, in less equal societies, all classes tend to support capitalist ideology almost equally. On the other hand, in more equal societies, public support for inequality tends to be lower for all classes, but there is also greater class polarization, with the working class being even less supportive. Although it is impossible to give a definitive causal interpretation to these findings, they are consistent with both the idea that attitudes are influenced by social conditions, and theories suggesting that public opinion, and more specifically, working class awareness, can influence social policy.
CSA004 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Institutional Ethnography and the Managerial State - Organiser and Chair: Dorothy E. Smith, Professor Emerita, Sociology & Equity Studies in Education, OISE/UT, Adjunct Professor, Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] – Discussant: Alison I. Griffith, York University, [email protected] This session invites papers from institutional ethnographers focusing on the everyday work of professionals at the interface between public institutions reorganized by or reorganizing in what is known as the new public management (NPM) or ‘the managerial state’ (Clarke and Newton) and the everyday lives of clients/patients/and others served. We’d like to bring together ethnographies of different institutional settings, such as schools, universities, hospitals, social welfare, child protection, and other institutions providing public services. 1) Accreditation and Government Contracted Service Delivery in British Columbia: The Reorganization of Frontline Social Service Work - Shauna Janz, Graduate student, Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, [email protected] In the past few decades, Canada has witnessed a fundamental shift in the dominant paradigm of public management. Corporate management strategies are reframing the work of government. Decentralization of government authority is giving more ‘control’ of public service delivery to local service providers. An increased emphasis is being placed on evaluation and performance-based measurements by government to assure local services are using this ‘control’ efficiently to provide quality services to citizens. In British Columbia, new accreditation standards are being introduced to remedy some of the purported lack of accountability and quality assurance in government contracted service provision. In this paper, I draw on my institutional ethnographic research of frontline workers’ work within a government contracted social service agency that has initiated the process of accreditation. explicate the developing social organization and relations that are being ‘built’ as the workers start both implementing new ways of working to meet
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 9 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
accreditation standards and practicing new ways of deciding what 'quality' service delivery work entails. I surface the social relations linking changes in frontline work to how government is employing accreditation as a mechanism to manage and regulate service delivery from a distance. 2) The textual organization of organ transplantation - Elizabeth McGibbon, Associate professor, Nursing. St. Francis-Xavier, [email protected] ‘Harvesting' of organs for transplantation is a taken-for-granted practice in Canada, and the use of the word 'harvest' is common textual practice in the field of intensive care medicine. This paper reports an ethnography involving everyday, at-the-bedside practices in a pediatric intensive care unit, with specific emphasis on work processes surrounding organ transplantation. Data collection strategies included participant observation; concurrent interviews with nurses; and texts associated with organ donation, such as procedure manuals, 24 hour staff workload measurement sheets, patient care flow sheets, and hospital information booklets. The textual organization of organ transplantation served to concretize and legitimate a technological process that was, in its everyday unfolding, actually very unusual, highly stressful, and morally problematic for many of the actors involved. Clinicians documented patient progress on the alive patient chart, and then transferred their documentation to a strikingly similar 'donor chart', based on checklist-driven procedural protocols associated with 'maintaining the body for organ harvest'. The intimately embodied process of dying, and caring for the dying, became textually coordinated into a detached, factual, scientific account of events. The articulation of these practices to the multinational biomedical technology industry demonstrated a temporal-spatial connectivity with the everyday, practical implementation of organ donation throughout the Western world. This paper illustrates how institutional ethnography may be used to interrogate the taken-for-granted control of biomedical technology in the local activities of the workers who must implement these new technologies. 3) Managerialism as a textual performance - Naomi Nichols, York University, [email protected] In this paper, I will describe how the adoption of managerialism, performativity and accountability paradigms in ministry-mandated human service organisations (law enforcement, child welfare, social assistance, medicine) in Ontario shape how other agencies (shelters, youth services, addiction services) operate and consequently how ordinary people interface with one another across these institutional contexts. Conceptually, managerialism, performativity and accountability discourses are reflective of a neoliberal mode of governance. Management and accounting technologies – the institutional audit, evidence-based practice, performance measurement and various forms of internal data collection and analysis – provide a material grounding for neoliberalism in the activities of people who work in a diversity of settings. Essential to the analysis put forth in this presentation is an acknowledgement that governance (neoliberal or otherwise) is a textually-organized relation that can only be accomplished in the coordinated actions of people as they go about their everyday work (Nichols & Griffith, forthcoming). I used Dorothy E. Smith’s (1990a, 1990b, 1999, 2005) materialist sociology, institutional ethnography, to carry out this research. I began this project, asking people to describe their work in a particular human services agency (a police department, CAS agency, shelter, youth services agency, and a hospital mental health ward). The focus of an IE interview is on institutional relations – the kinds of relations institutional ethnographers refer to as "ruling relations". In this paper I show how one’s the adoption of tick-box accounting and/or ‘evidential’ reporting practices shape “what is and is not possible” (Taylor, 2003, p. 90) in a given setting. Policy implementation becomes a technical, rather than political, exercise. Production of reports in terms of targets, benchmarks and performance indicators frame what kinds of work can be measured and how this work is managed. "Guidelines" for production also ensure that local practices and programs adhere to, or are accountable within, an overarching national or provincial policy framework (Nichols & Griffith, forthcoming; Taylor, 2003). The management of monitoring and reporting procedures allow for comparison of ‘performance’ across sites, enabling the demonstration of ‘accountability’ to a public of tax-payers. Practically, such an orientation to policy and management typically requires the production of data in statistical form, reducing the complexity of people’s activities to numerical data, which can be evaluated and understood in economistic or market terms. Managerialism, performativity and accountability work in concert. Taken up by people as they go about their ordinary work in institutional settings, the associated governance technologies subject people’s work to the logic of market ideology 4) Community organizations, public services, and changing regimes of government funding - Kristie O’Neill, Research assistant in the Rural Women Making Change Project, University of Guelph [email protected] & co-author Dr Susan Turner [email protected] As Canadian municipalities become responsible for delivering local social services, the use of community organizations and project- based funding are increasingly common (Gibson et al 2007). Some service-based organizations fare better than others in securing government funds and referrals in the new system. This presentation begins to address how organizations fare in the new regime of service delivery by using textual analysis to open up inquiry. The data is from a project on municipal decision-making under a Community University Research Alliance called Rural Women Making Change. The problematic emerges in the work of a women’s organization that has for many years provided skills development and training to women in order to improve their economic self sufficiency. In this paper, we examine the practices of an employment counsellor whose work includes delivery of federal and provincial objectives through a program known as Essential Skills. Her work connects people seeking employment to the newly reorganized administration of social welfare and employment training in Ontario. The goal is to provide a preliminary map of what happens at this juncture and the outcomes for community organizations.
CSA005 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Organized Labour and the Responses of Workers' Communities to the New Economy I – Organiser and chair: Norene Pupo , Director, Centre for Research on Work and Society, York University, [email protected] Discussant: Daniel Glenday, Professor, Sociology, Brock University, [email protected] While the Canadian labour movement has been severely challenged by recent economic events, unions continue to advocate on behalf of their constituencies as well as Canadian workers in general. In particular, unions have become vocal leaders in communities that have been hard hit by the economic downturn and the widespread displacement of workers. They have sought to mobilize workers to provide political responses on the local and national level while also seeking to provide concrete assistance such as job
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 10 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
training and support groups in specific communities. Submission are invited that investigate either the emergent role of organized labour in the new economy, the broad evolution of the labour movement in global as well as national terms or the local union responses to economically imperilled communities. Historical as well as contemporary examinations would be equally relevant. (See also CSA059) 1) Defetishizing Industrial Legality: The Contentious Nature of the ‘Political’ in Public Sector Struggles - Chris Hurl, Doctoral Student, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Institute of Political Economy, Carleton University, [email protected] Following their election in 2001, the B.C. Liberal Party quickly implemented a program of retrenchment. Adopting Bill 29 in January 2002, they declared that they would no longer respect collective agreements that had been negotiated with workers in the health sector, setting the stage for the contracting out of housekeeping services in hospitals and extended care facilities across the province. Over a two year period, the Hospital Employees’ Union (HEU) confronted these draconian measures by contesting the legality of the legislation in the courts, building solidarity with unions and community groups, and engaging in political protest. As the union entered a legal bargaining position in the spring of 2004 and health care workers went on strike, the government imposed back-to-work legislation. Drawing on an Open Marxist perspective, I analyze the response of public sector workers to the denial of collective bargaining rights, problematizing those theories that view the strike’s outcome as a product of structural constraints posed by various systems apparently residing above and beyond social struggles. ather than treating the “regime of industrial legality” as a monolithic and all-pervasive social structure, I argue that the imposition of industrial legality should be viewed as an active and contested process. 2) Coordinated bargaining and CUPE’s Struggle Against Privatization - Alan Hall, Director/Professor, Labour Studies, University of Windsor, [email protected] This paper examines CUPE’s efforts to develop coordinated bargaining as a key strategic response to privatization and the neo-liberal state. A framework for understanding different types and levels of coordination is developed and then applied to an analysis of the various efforts and challenges of the different CUPE sectors (university, municipal, health). A final section of the paper considers the threats and opportunities surrounding coordinated bargaining efforts and outcomes in the context of the current financial and economic crises 3) Documenting the Struggle of Racialized Workers: The closing of Progressive Moulded Products - Tom Juravich, Professor, Labor Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected], and Teresa Healy, Canadian Labour Congress, [email protected] On July 3, 2008, Progressive Moulded Products, an automotive components manufacturing company, announced it would cut 2,000 jobs in Ontario. The company filed for bankruptcy protection, allowing it to avoid making severance payments to workers. The Concord facility, just north of Toronto, employed a large number of racialized workers. The facility was not unionized, but the workers self- organized and, without any institutional support, organized a blockade of the facility. Learning of the action by these workers, the Canadian Auto Workers (CAW) and the Toronto and York Region Labour Council provided assistance in the struggle. Labour continues to be involved in an “action-centre” to assist displaced workers and the workers continue to participate in the Good Jobs Coalition in Metro Toronto and York Region. Based on interviews with workers and their supporters, and drawing from literature on economic crisis and new union strategies, this paper explores the struggles of workers in the “new economy”. This case study underscores the agency of racialized workers who, we argue, are much more than simply victims of economic upheaval. Similarly, we find in this experience an indication of new forms of labour solidarity in a period of deep economic crisis. 4) Deceit at the Palace: An Analysis of Justice Salmers’ Ruling on the 2008 General Motors of Canada Blockade - Reuben Roth, Associate Professor, Sociology Department/Labour Studies Program, Laurentian University, [email protected] This paper examines a local union response located within the economically imperiled community of Oshawa, Ontario. When General Motors (GM) CEO Rick Wagoner announced the restructuring of the world’s largest automaker in June 2008, his announcement included the impending shutdown of Oshawa’s Truck Assembly plant and the permanent elimination of 2,600 jobs, eighteen days after the ratification of a collective agreement that laid out procedures to discuss with union representatives any impending shutdown due to “market conditions.” Canadian Autoworkers union responded by blockading General Motors of Canada’s (GMC) corporate headquarters. The 12-day blockade of GMC’s headquarters – their “palace” – ended with a successful injunction. However, this blockade, the actions and voices of workers, the related media frenzy, and the wording of the injunction itself, all make for a fascinating survey of corporate irresponsibility and the local union and community response. Central to this study is an analysis of the judge’s Ontario Supreme Court ruling and interviews with blockaders conducted during the event. This study is part of an ongoing examination of a key historical event in the history of the Canadian labour movement that relates closely to the development of local community-building and Canadian trade unionism in grim economic times.
CSA007 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Child & Youth in Canada I – Organiser and chair: Dan Mahoney, Assistant Professor, School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, [email protected] – Discussant: Not available. Papers are requested that address multiple aspects of the lives of children and youth in Canada today, including the impact of immigration, technology, family and intergenerational relations, parenting, neighbourhoods, health, and other social or public policies, and relationships with/in local communities and/or service agencies. Papers may be empirical or theoretical in nature. (CSA133) 1) Home Made: Fixity and Fluidity in the Homemaking Experiences of Young Adults - Riva Soucie, PhD Student, Carleton University. [email protected], 'Leaving home' is seen as a significant 'rite of passage' in the so-called 'transition to adulthood' in contemporary Western life. When one leaves home, where one goes and why, and how one goes about it, are questions that have been given significant attention by scholars of youth studies. Yet, there is little discussion about home making – the process of the process of creating a sense of rootedness and belonging for oneself and for others – in and around transitions to adulthood. Indeed, narratives of leaving home – a process we typically associate with transition, movement, and mobility – leave little room for discussions of making home – a process
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 11 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
we tend to link to ideas about fixedness, familiarity, and predictability. This paper explores the inherent tensions between fixity and fluidity that are characteristic of young adults' experiences of home once they have 'left' it in order to pursue post-secondary education. 2) Perceiving Risks, Responding to Injuries: Young Workers in Southwestern Ontario - Dalton Phillip, Tahreem Raza and Alan Hall, Labour Studies, University of Windsor, [email protected] This paper reports on a survey of high school and university students (N=180) which examines their perceptions and responses to workplace hazards and injuries. The analysis compares the responses of high school and university students and theorizes the potential sources of those differences. The paper concludes by drawing out the implications for action with particular reference to education and enforcement. 3) Negotiating Risk and Opportunity in a ‘Boomtown’: Young People Making School and Work Decisions in Fort McMurray, Alberta - Chris O’Connor, Ph.D. Student, Department of Sociology, University of Calgary. [email protected] In recent decades, young people’s transitions from school to work, and to adulthood more generally, have undergone substantial changes. As young people make their way from compulsory schooling to employment, they find themselves having to navigate an increasingly complex, technologically innovative, and globalized world. In this study, I examine young people’s understandings and experiences with school and work in the northern resource ‘boomtown’ of Fort McMurray, Alberta. Drawing on in-depth interviews with students about to graduate from high school, it was found that although living in a ‘boomtown’ isolates young people from concerns over unemployment, a booming economy also brings with it other (new) risks (e.g. high wages, an influx of people) that young people must negotiate when making decisions concerning school and work within an overabundance of opportunity. 4) Youth speaking for themselves about health within their own life-situations - Roberta L Woodgate, MN, PhD, Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba. [email protected], Jennifer Leach, BA, Masters of Social Work Student, Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba. [email protected], Andrew Friesen, MA, Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba. [email protected] In this paper we discuss findings of an ethnographic study that sought to capture how Canadian youth (n=71) ranging in age from 12- 19 years frame health within the context of their life-situations. In addition to traditional ethnographic methods of interviewing and participant observation, the innovative approach of photovoice was utilized in the study. The social-cultural themes that emerged indicate that even though youth had a broader understanding of health that included acknowledging the many different types of health beyond physical health, the talk of health by youth was nonetheless dominated by lifestyle factors such as healthy eating and exercise. Additionally, a contributing influence underlying the value that youth placed on healthy lifestyle practices was that these practices were regarded as a means to achieve their perceived ideal body and not solely for the purpose of achieving ‘good health.’ Male and female youth held common gender stereotypes including ‘good’ health being associated with muscles and strength for males and thinness and attractiveness for females.
CSA008 – Panel Session /Panel (no call for papers - pas d'appel) - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Examining the Public-Political-Academic Nexus in North American Sociology, 1930s-1990s Joint Session with Canadian Society for the History and Philosophy of Science (CSHPS) Organisers: Mark Solovey, Assistant Professor, Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, Victoria College, University of Toronto, [email protected] and Neil McLaughlin, Associate Professor, Sociology Department, McMaster University, [email protected] - Chair: Stephen Harold Riggins, Ph.D., Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] 1) A Comparative Analysis of American Public Intellectuals from the 1950s and 1960s - Neil McLaughlin, Associate Professor, Sociology Department, McMaster University, [email protected] The lively public intellectual debate has not yet combined historical analysis and social science methodology in the ways this paper seeks to do. Drawing from a systematic sampling procedure and detailed citation analysis in a range of social science and intellectual journals, this paper will offer an account of the rise and fall of the major public intellectual sociologists, psychologists and anthropologists in the United States from 1956 to 1990. The empirical part of the paper involves an analysis of the citation pattern of a cohort of 13 highly cited but also famous book writing scholars, including David Riesman, C. Wright Mills, Margaret Mead, Erich Fromm and Seymour Martin Lipset. Citation data over a period of 40 years from a range of academic journals will allow us to say something about the reputational patterns and scholarly reach of these public intellectuals, in comparative context. We will put this empirical analysis in context of the broader literature in the sociology of intellectuals, and draw out the implications for more use of both traditional historical and well as contemporary social science methods in the historical study of social science. 2) Forging the Uneasy Partnership between Academic Social Science and the Federal Patron in Mid-20th-Century America: Sociologist Harry Alpert and the National Science Foundation - Mark Solovey, Assistant Professor, Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, Victoria College, University of Toronto, [email protected] During the 1950s sociologist Harry Alpert was the key figure in establishing the new U.S. National Science Foundation's basic policy framework for funding the social sciences. This paper places Alpert's policy work at the NSF in the context of his intellectual and professional career. First, we will consider Alpert's extensive writings on the great French sociologist Emile Durkheim. We will then examine Alpert's experiences with and concerns about government social science programs during and after WWII. With this background, we will see that at the NSF Alpert found himself dealing with old problems in a new context. In the final section, I propose that Alpert's success in crafting a viable policy framework for NSF's support of the social sciences came at a price, for Alpert's own views about the social sciences were at odds with his policy work and major trends in the social sciences that NSF's policies were associated with. This analysis, in turn, illuminates important developments and tensions within the U.S. social science enterprise during the middle decades of the twentieth century. 3) John Porter and the New Liberalism in Canadian Sociology, 1950-1979 - Rick Helmes-Hayes, Department of Sociology, University of Waterloo, [email protected] Beginning in the mid-1950s, but especially after releasing The Vertical Mosaic in 1965, John Porter became – arguably – Canada’s
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 12 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
most high profile sociologist. Indeed, from 1965 to his early death in 1979, he was one of the most influential social scientists in Canada. There exists an extensive critical literature regarding his scholarly oeuvre. This paper focuses in particular on the origins of Porter’s sociological/ political worldview and sense of political commitment in the tradition of British New Liberalism developed by inter alia Graham Wallas, Leonard Hobhouse, and Morris Ginsberg. The New Liberalism had some influence on political economy at Queen’s and Toronto early in the 20th century, but had its greatest impact via the work of economists in the federal civil service until after World War II. The paper documents Porter’s use of the New Liberalism (at once political and sociological) as an orienting framework for his entire Lebenswerk and speculates about its more general influence in Canadian English-language sociology, 1950- 1979. 4) Theoretical and Methodological Shifts within the Discipline of Sociology in English-Speaking Canadian Universities, 1950- 1990 - Donald Fisher, Centre for Policy Studies in Higher Education and Training, University of British Columbia, [email protected] This paper has four objects of concern. The first section will synthesize the literature on the history and sociology of the discipline of sociology in Canada. The second section will describe the method and the design of the broader research study from which this paper draws. This is followed by an account of the methodological and theoretical shifts that have occurred in the discipline of sociology during the latter half of the twentieth century from the perspective of full-time faculty working as sociologists in English-speaking Canadian universities. The paper ends with a conclusion that attempts to link the changes in the 'internal' life of the discipline with the 'external' politico-economic changes in Canadian society.
CSA010 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Advances in Environmental Sociology I – Organiser: John Parkins, Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, [email protected] – Chair: Margot Hurlbert, Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina, [email protected] – Discussant: Raymond Murphy, Professor Emeritus, Sociology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] Environmental sociology continues to challenge notions of human exemptionalism and invites a conversation about the interactions between humans and nature. Research extends to issues of consumptions and material culture, environment and human health, ideology and resource exploitation, ecological citizenship, and many other emerging fields of interest. The papers in this session focus on theory building, with attention to the ways in which new theoretical insights lead to greater understanding of contemporary environmental problems. (See also CSA088) 1) The relational ethics paradigm: A tool for exploring contemporary environmental attitudes - Justin Page, PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, [email protected] This paper extends Catton and Dunlop’s (1978) Human Exemptionalist Paradigm (HEP) and New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) to contemporary environmental issues, drawing on the bioremediation of mining sites as an example. The HEP and NEP were constructed as measures of environmental values, attitudes and beliefs in the late 1970s, responding to environmental issues such as environmental pollution and resource depletion. Rooted in the modern tradition, both paradigms assume the a priori existence (active) social and (passive) natural “spheres,” differing only in beliefs about their relation and the pole in which ethical regard should be placed. In contrast, new environmental issues – such as genetic engineering, climate change and food scares – are more complicated, involving complex mixtures of humans and (active) nonhumans that are not easily separated into distinct spheres. Arguing that the NEP-HEP is inadequate to capture the reality of these new issues, I propose a new paradigm – the Relational Ethics Paradigm (REP) – which can be applied to hybrid mixtures of humans and active nonhumans. I discuss how the REP can be applied to the issue of the bioremediation of mining sites, which relies on both genomic science and microbial communities to neutralize acid rock drainage and metal leachate. 2) Theorizing the agriculture-nature relationship - Dr. Michael Clow, Professor of Sociology, St. Thomas University, [email protected] and Darrell McLaughlin, Assistant Professor of Sociology, St. Thomas More College, University of Saskatchewan, [email protected] There has been little serious effort to theorize agriculture as a socio-economic process that both directly depends on the processes of the biosphere and causes a plethora of environmental disruptions. Agriculture is thought to need no such analysis, for we have a common sense definition of farming as the man out there on the tractor growing crops or in the barn raising animals. This implicit is inadequate to understand the nature and consequences of agricultural production. This paper offers a model of agriculture that examines the specifics of its work processes in the biosphere and identifies them as attempts to increase the productivity of natural capital by creating and sustaining artificial ecosystems. The model shows vividly how agricultural activities create environmental degradation, and lead to instability in the artificial agricultural ecosystems we have created. It is suggested that ecological sustainability will be far, far harder to achieve than normally expected, and that a fundamental rethinking of the entire agrifood system is imperative to achieve sustainability in food production. 3) Neoliberal ideology and the regulation of public interest in the forest sector - Wayne Crosby, PhD Student, Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] and John Parkins, Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, [email protected] This paper links neoliberal ideology, agency capture, and asymmetrical power relations to the political ecology of environmental regulation in the forest sector of Alberta. Special attention is given to the limitations of regulatory processes in the forest sector by documenting a shift toward private-sector and market-based regulatory frameworks. This shift is observed through document analysis of national forest policy as well as explorations of the forces that transcend federal and provincial forest policy to forest management at the corporate level. For example, Alberta has eliminated all capital taxes with the overall goal of reducing tax and regulatory burdens and enabling industry to develop technical advances and capital investment. Further, an analysis of forest management standards at the local level indicate limited attention to the sustainability of forest communities and other performance measures that are deemed to exist beyond the scope of industry responsibility. The paper concludes by advancing several proposals to advance political ecology theory with a more robust notion of neoliberalism as an ideological aspect of environmental governance in Alberta.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 13 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
CSA011 - Panel Session/Panel (no call for papers/pas d'appel) - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Future content of Canada’s General Social Survey: What are the data gaps? - Organiser: Heather Dryburgh, Ph.D., Statistics Canada, [email protected] Chair: Pascal Beaupré, Statistics Canada, [email protected] The aim of this round table session is to provide a forum for discussion by sociologists interested in data collected through the General Social Survey. The session will start with an update on recent deliberations about the future content of this survey and give an opportunity for attendees to provide input into content needs for future cycles of the survey. The GSS currently covers five main topics: Victimization, Time Use, Families, Social Support and Retirement, and Social Networks. The survey mandate is to gather data on social trends in order to monitor changes in the living conditions and well-being of Canadians over time; and to provide information on specific social policy issues of current or emerging interest. To ensure the survey fulfills its mandate, we regularly review survey content to assess how well we are covering new and emerging issues. This round table session will bring together sociologists to talk about data gaps, emerging issues, current survey content and what might be potentially important social issues to cover in the future. Presentations: Heather Dryburgh, Statistics Canada, Louise Marmen, Statistics Canada, Brian McKee, Canadian Heritage
CSA012 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Gender Theories; Gendered Practices: Or is there a ‘There’ there? I - Organiser and Discussant: Roberta Hamilton, Professor Emerita, Queen’s University, [email protected] - Chair: Shelley Z. Reuter, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, [email protected] This session invites papers that assume ‘gender’ as a major and stable category as well as those that interrogate or develop the concept from, among others, poststructuralist (including queer) theory, science studies, and theories on class/race/gender (among other dimensions of inequality). A full range of current empirical and theoretical work is welcome. (See also CSA047) 1) Dealing with’ Domestic Violence: How Ontario Provincial Governments have Constructed Domestic Violence as a Social Problem - April Girard, PhD Student, year 2, Queen’s University Department of Sociology, [email protected] On May 12, 1982 MP Margaret Mitchell announced in the House of Commons that one in ten men beat their wives, to which ‘some honourable members’ began laughing and ridiculing this information. Although the next two days were filled with apologies, it served to make the issue of wife abuse public. Since then governments, both federal and provincial, have attempted to find their own ways to ‘deal with’ domestic violence. In Ontario, provincial governments (Liberal, NDP and Conservative) have attempted to construct a particular representation of domestic violence as a social problem through zero-tolerance policies, specialized courts and police units, and legislation. In this paper I will examine how normative understandings of the ‘ideal’ victim and the ‘violence-free family’ are used to situate, construct and reinforce particular representations of domestic violence. I will explore how gender, race and class are constructed through domestic violence policies in Ontario, focusing particularly on initiatives created by Conservative and Liberal governments since the year 2000. 2) Beyond Paid and Unpaid Labour: The Third Shift as Self-Production and Gendered Identity Work - Diana Lee Miller, Year 1 PhD student, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] The term 'third shift' currently lacks a clear definition and consistent usage in literature on gender and work. Yet, this variation in usage actually points toward the concept's potential theoretical value. The 'third shift' generally refers to necessary work done on the self, which is not quite part of employment or domestic labour but which contributes to individuals? abilities to perform the first and second shifts. Accordingly, I propose to define the third shift as the socially required work, done outside of paid employment and unpaid domestic labour, that people do to produce and reproduce themselves as individuals capable of fulfilling the multiple social roles that they occupy. This self-production is highly contextual work that continually refers back to gendered, socially constructed ideals regarding the kind of individual who should occupy a given social location. The third shift is therefore highly gendered, as social ideals refer to men and women, not an abstract, disembodied, genderless 'person'. However, as gender is not culturally constructed or enacted in the same way in all contexts, the third shift is not gendered in the same way across all situations. 3) Does Money Buy Happiness (while giving birth)? An examination of gender and class inequalities in the organization of maternity care in British Columbia - Kara Taylor, MA Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] Centering the experiences of lower-income women, I contextualize the organization of maternity care in British Columbia by illuminating intersections of gender and class that contribute to birthing inequality. Presenting from my MA thesis on midwifery and the medicalization of childbirth, I illustrate how intersections of women’s inequality contribute to both the transfer of care from midwifery to obstetrics, as well as the medicalization of women’s bodies. In this paper, I forefront the birth stories of 11 women in Victoria, British Columbia and their feelings of invasion, unnecessary interventions and stolen autonomy. The erosion of traditional woman birth attendants’ power, bureaucratization, and the politics of risk have also impacted their births. I draw attention to the gendered interactions and power inequalities inherent in the relations between midwives and obstetricians. These relations are steeped in a long history, further contributed to by tensions that exist due to the fairly recent midwifery integration in BC, which impacts the quality of care marginalized women receive during their labour and birth. I conclude by stating recommendations for change found within the women’s narratives.
CSA014 - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 9:00 - 12:30 Room/Salle TBA ADMINISTRATIVE EVENT - Meeting of the Editorial Board of the Canadian Review of Sociology – Réunion du Comité éditorial de la Revue canadienne de sociologie
TUESDAY - MARDI / MAY 26 – 26 MAI – 10:45 – 12:15
CSA015 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Doing Justice and Building Peace in the Ruins of War – Organiser and discussant: Augustine SJ Park, Assistant Professor,
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 14 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] – Chair: Holly Thomas, PhD. Candidate, Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University This session examines questions of how to do justice and build peace following massive atrocities. What is justice following the mass violence of war or repressive regimes? What is the role of law in times of social and political transformation as societies struggle towards enduring peace? What are the limits of legalistic conceptions of justice in post-conflict situations? And, how is living together possible following genocide, ethnic-cleansing, mass rape, torture, or disappearances? This session will explore diverse conceptions and structures of justice, including, for example, transitional justice (such as criminal tribunals and truth commissions), economic or distributive justice, and the renewed enthusiasm for reforming or building rule of law institutions in post-conflict societies as a (supposed) guarantor of peace. Moreover, this session will ask whether strategies of making peace must be rethought as strategies of making war change, for example, in the ongoing “War on Terror”. 1) TBA 2) Victor’s Justice? - Alan Trampuh, MA Student, Department of Law, Carleton University, [email protected] What is justice in the ruins of war? When a foreign enemy imposes or assists to impose a tribunal without an impartial non-political third party as witness or judge, is justice possible? A reflection of war and post-war phenomena indicates possible situations deserving of the allegation of ‘victor’s justice’. The borderline cases vulnerable to the allegation are often rationalizations of justice, which I theoretically frame as three beliefs of ‘shapes’ of justice. First, belief of the neutral shape of justice: conflict occurring as if in nature. Second, belief of the will of the divine(s) shape of justice: conflicts occurring between good and evil. Third, belief of the power shape of justice: conflicts of power occurring, with justice as the right of the stronger. If these three shapes of justice are distinguishable from the concept of justice itself, we ought to be able to clarify appropriate allegations of victor’s justice which are deserving of proliferation. 3) Building a Civil Society in Post-Conflict Kosovo - Ana-Marija Petrunic, Academic Planner, Continuing Education, University of Calgary, [email protected] This paper discusses how learning for a democratic citizenry ensures continuous discussion that impacts the identity formation of young Kosovar educators especially as they move toward a more transcultural, globalized and integrated society. Emerging from the effects of ethnic conflict, Kosovar Albanians and Kosovar Serbs are at different stages of adopting civil society initiatives. Identity and self-awareness as key principles are the foundation upon which processes of civil society can evolve and take root. A transcultural civic identification with its inherent voluntary associations and respect for a negotiation of differences are tantamount to the development of an inclusive educational sphere in which Kosovars must recognize the divisiveness of the other while engaging the unity of the Kosovar. Living and sharing territorial space implies an interconnectedness that will never be disengaged or divided. Continually grasping onto ethno-historical/national cleavages serves to maintain the tension between Kosovar Serbs and Kosovar Albanians but it does not supersede the fact that both groups dwell in a shared civic space. Globalizing forces and international pressure have created a situation in which ethnic tensions are no longer dichotomous. Therefore; a shared civic culture must be inculcated in the public sphere.
CSA016 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Occupations and Professions I - Organiser: Tracey L. Adams, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, [email protected] – Chair: Mehmet Aysan, PhD Candidate (ABD), Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario – Discussant: Linda Muzzin, OISE, University of Toronto This session seeks papers on the sociology of work, with a focus on occupations and professions. Papers may examine a variety of work-related issues, including the following: occupational trends, sex and racial segregation at work, people’s experiences of working in a variety of occupations, case studies of specific occupations and/or professions, inter-professional conflict, professionalization, and occupational change. (See also CSA107) 1) The Managerial Strategies of highly skilled, small size Information Technology (IT) firms in Canada - Erin I Demaiter, PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] Over the past 50 years scholars have looked at how organizations and structure and how employers manage workers. While this research tells us something about management strategies in various sectors (e.g. the manufacturing and service industry) we know that management strategies vary depending on many factors including the nature of the work and the industry. Over the last 30 years the world of work has undergone significant change. Organizational restructuring, the rise of the knowledge-based economy, and globalization appear to have had a dramatic impact on the organization of work. As work changes, we might expect that management strategies would evolve as well. Utilizing data from a highly-skilled sub-sector of the IT sector this paper examines whether more nuanced management strategies emerge within the context of a globalized, knowledge-based economy or whether strategies prevalent in other contexts prevail. Overall, I find a combination of new and old managerial strategies. Influenced by factors such as firm size, ownership structure, employers’ previous workplace background, and management demographics, nuanced strategies emerge. At the same time, elements of bureaucratic control (e.g. formal and codified procedures), participation (e.g. teamwork), and disorganization (e.g. little investment in skill upgrading, little job security) are present. 2) Exploring the Concept of Interprofessional Relations: A Case Study of Medicine and Psychiatry in Canada - Yvonne Adubea Nyinaku, PhD Candidate, Sociology, University of Western Ontario, [email protected] In recent times, psychiatry as a practice, profession and a medical subspecialty has received a lot of attention from researchers. Studies on psychiatry have however focused more on issues of social control, treatment modalities and historical accounts than they have on its professional development and role as a professional subspecialty. This paper will uncover the professionalisation of psychiatry and its relationship with medicine, through a sociological study and analysis of secondary and primary historical sources. From the study, it is revealed that psychiatry’s relationship with regular medicine was shaped by its efforts to gain, enhance and maintain legitimacy. In the nineteenth century, this led it to distance itself from medicine, but after medicine attained more legitimacy by the First World War, psychiatry drew closer and sought to establish more ‘medicalized’ forms of assessment and treatment. The psychiatric profession was shaped to a large extent by its attempts to identify with and be recognized as part of regular medicine. The http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 15 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
development and professionalisation of psychiatry suggests that the drive for legitimacy is crucial in shaping inter-professional relationships. 3) Who can be a Regulated Health Professional? Alternative Health Professions and their Regulation in Canada - Tracey L. Adams, PhD, Sociology, University of Western Ontario [email protected] The sociological literature on profession creation has provided numerous case studies of professional development within specific professional groups in select locales. Because this literature has focussed disproportionately on “successful” professions like medicine and law – and often takes their eventual professional success for granted – it is still not entirely clear why some groups achieve status as regulated professions, while others do not. Neither is it clear why the regulation of one group can vary substantially across region. Through an examination of professional legislation, government reports and other historical data, this paper explores these issues, through a case study of the regulation of alternative health professions prior to the 1980s in several Canadian provinces. A look at regulatory legislation reveals that historically in Canada professions like osteopathy, chiropractic, naturopathy and chiropody were quite variably regulated. In some provinces they were independent self-regulating professions, in others they were regulated in a more controlled manner, and sometimes they were not regulated at all. An examination of these variations in regulatory traditions – and the debates and discussions surrounding them -- sheds light on those factors facilitating and hindering professional regulation more generally, and helps to clarify processes of professionalization. 4) The Deprofessionalization of Lawyers? Hollow Victories for Ontario’s Real Estate Lawyers in the Competition over Conveyancing - Nathan Innocente, PhD Candidate, Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] This paper explores the challenges faced by Canadian real estate lawyers as they compete with countervailing institutions, such as lenders and American title insurers, for control over professional jurisdiction. Residential real estate practices in Ontario have, in the last twenty years, undergone significant organizational, technological, and professional change. Generally, many scholars of the legal profession conclude in favour of the deprofessionalization thesis. Others, however, maintain that deprofessionalization must be viewed as an historically specific moment in an otherwise uncertain professional future. This paper supports the latter view. Data collected from document analyses and from interviews with real estate professionals in Ontario suggest that while Canadian real estate lawyers have conceded some of their profession jurisdiction to title companies and lenders, they continue to hold a prominent, legally protected, role in real estate conveyancing. It is suggested that to conclude in favour of deprofessionalization is premature since (1) real estate lawyers continue to have an inviolable role in conveyancing, and (2) the long-term effects of title insurance on the title integrity in an otherwise reliable and accurate system remains unknown. These findings emphasize the importance of examining the unique constellation of institutions impacting specific subpopulations of a larger profession, such as law.
CSA017 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA New Technologies at Work – Organiser: Dimitrina Dimitrova, Ph.D., York University, [email protected] and Emmanuel Koku, Ph.D., Drexel University, [email protected] – Chair: Maria Wallis, Ph.D. [email protected] Discussant: Vappu Tyyskä, Department of Sociology and MA Program in Immigration and Settlement Studies, Ryerson University, [email protected] The goal of this session is to bring together research contributing to our understanding of telework, mobile work, virtual work, computer supported collaborative work and similar forms of working arrangements, which are predicated on Information Technology, mobile technologies, or Internet. The topics relevant for the session include but are not limited to: work and management practices in remote work, including issues of trust in remote collaboration and management, integration of online and offline communication practices, or boundary maintenance in home-based work; contextual factors affecting the experience and outcomes of remote work and collaboration; implications for organizational productivity or the work-life balance of individual workers; and comparison across types of working arrangements or types of technologies. Submissions on other issues at the intersection of new technologies, workplace and organizations are welcome. 1) Formally drawing the lines between work and home: The promise of the home-business office - Susan Machum, CRC/Associate, Department of Sociology, St. Thomas University, [email protected] There is a significant literature on technology and home-based work and much has been said about the ‘home-office’. Generally this literature identifies computers and technological gadgets as the focus of the work (since they are the essential tools) rather than the office itself; and it also tends to assume home-based workers are employees carrying out their workday from home, rather than self- employed workers. This paper draws on two case studies involving women — one of rural family farms and the other of urban home- based direct sales businesses — to argue the home-business office itself transforms work as much as the changing technologies within it; and the self-employed have more to negotiate within the ‘home office’ than home-based employees. The self-employed, especially own account workers, are usually responsible for all facets of their business (from production to sales) making them highly reliant on computer and electronic communications technologies. However, given office work (business planning, management, bookkeeping, communications and public relations) is only one facet of their work, they cannot simply lock themselves in the ‘home office’ for x number of hours. Their work may take them far from the ‘home-office’ or just outside it to the kitchen (or the barn yard). Under these conditions how do women establish and maintain work-family boundaries in their ‘home offices’? This paper explores how self- employed and women in family-owned and operated businesses negotiate both their multifaceted jobs and their work/family relations. It pays particular attention to the various ways work life flows out of the ‘home office’ into the home and how home life flows into the office. 2) Remixing work, family, and leisure: Experiences and meanings of telework - Susan M. Shaw, and co authors TBA, Department of Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo The increase in opportunities for telework leads to the possibility of a reconfiguration of work, family, and leisure in everyday life. Working at home brings many daily tasks together in the same location and typically allows for greater flexibility in the scheduling of these tasks. This paper explores the meanings and experiences of telework for employees in a large financial company, headquartered in Ontario. Although teleworkers valued flexibility in their work lives, they all developed strategies to separate their paid work activities from other areas of their lives both physically and temporally: this was deemed necessary so that they could fulfi l their
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 16 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
work requirements. Flexible schedules were used on occasion, and primarily by women, to accomplish household and personal tasks, but these were kept to a minimum. On the other hand, for mothers who were teleworkers, a primary concern was being available for their children when needed. This concerned some of the fathers too. Some, but not all, men found ways to translate work flexibility into increased opportunities for leisure, while others found that telework reduced employment-related social contact. The relatively limited reconfiguration of daily activities is discussed in terms of gender, occupational structure, parenting ideologies, and cultural valuations of work and leisure. 3) Talking the Talk or Walking the Walk? Work and Management Practices in Distributed Research Teams - Dimitrina Dimitrova, Department of Sociology, York University, [email protected] and Emmanuel Koku, Drexel University, [email protected] Like other governments worldwide, the Canadian federal government has strived to encourage knowledge transfer and innovation. The Canadian government’s response to the challenges of knowledge processes is the Networks of Centres of Excellence (NCE) program. Its mandate is building cross-sectoral partnerships and fostering nation wide multidisciplinary research and innovation. This paper examines the Canadian Water Network (CWN), created by the NCE program and charged with research and innovation in the area of water. CWN members are seen as a Virtual Community of Practice (VCoP), in which professionals with common interests use technology to share knowledge. The paper examines the contextual factors, such as work processes, which affect their remote collaboration practices as well as the structure and composition of their interpersonal network relations. Findings from the paper suggest that university evaluation procedures and publication criteria do not yet encourage complex collaborative work across disciplines and sectors. By comparison, agencies such as CWN are indeed critical enablers of complex VCoPs. Further, in terms of VCoP work practices, CWN researchers work closely with only a few trusted colleagues; while most of the members of collaborative research projects work independently from each other. As a result, the social and work network emerging under these conditions is sparsely connected and interspersed with foci of intense collaboration and exchanges of ideas. The presentation will examine the implications of the interplay between work processes and network configuration for future discussions on knowledge transfer and innovation.
CSA018 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Educational issues in Canada and beyond – Organiser and chair:: E. Dianne Looker, Mt. St. Vincent University, [email protected] – Discussant: David Zarifa, PhD, Centre for Education Statistics, Statistics Canada [email protected] Papers are requested to examine issues relating to Education in Canada and Beyond. There is a lot of discussion of how we are moving to a “Knowledge based society”, one in which education and educational credentials are essential to success, particularly for youth. There are long standing equity issues with respect to educational access and performance; some of the global shifts can be seen as exacerbating these inequities while others may mitigate them. Papers should either examine a sociological theoretical issue relating to education or provide an analysis of empirical data dealing with sociological educational issues. The data analysed can be qualitative or quantitative, including but not restricted to large scale national surveys. While the main focus of the session will be on educational issues in Canada, internationally comparative papers are encouraged. The focus should be on sociological analyses and interpretation rather than pedagogical issues, per se. 1) The Trouble With Tinto: Shifting frameworks in the study of post-secondary student retention - Sheryl Peters, Phd candidate, York University, [email protected] Both here in Canada and abroad, increasing interest in retaining students in post-secondary education (PSE) has produced a large volume of research over the last thirty years. Most retention studies build on Vincent Tinto’s (1975) theoretical model, which draws explicitly on Durkheim’s (1897) explanation of egoistic suicide to explain student dropout from PSE. This paper explains the key problem with Tinto’s model: that it does not allow an examination of the systemic effects of the reproduction of privilege and inequality on student dropout. Rather, this model identifies the student as the site of lack or dysfunction; it explains the commonly cited reason for dropout, ‘lack of fit’, as a lack of and need for integration into the system, missing the ways in which systemic inequalities, such as classism, eurocentrism, racism, sexism, heterosexism and ablism, may be experienced by some students as a ‘lack of fit’. Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts may be useful for explaining relationships between systemic social reproduction of inequality in education and a student’s ‘habitus’, which shapes an intuitive sense of ‘fit’ or ‘lack of fit’. Shifting the theoretical framework underpinning retention scholarship has practical implications for efforts, including classroom teaching, to mitigate student dropout.
2) Who Goes to Graduate School? An Analysis of the 2000-01 American Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Survey - Rose Vicky Maldonado, 2nd year PhD, McMaster University, Department of Sociology [email protected] The rationale for studying graduate school matriculation stems from the high stratification that has appeared in college and university attendance. This paper examines social and academic correlates leading to graduate school attendance (Mullen, Goyette and Soares 2003). Entry into lucrative and prestigious social positions upon graduation, are pre-determined in many ways by the field of study and the prestige of the undergraduate institution. Therefore, it is important to investigate how individuals arrive at these positions at the top of the social structure. Is it a meritocratic process or are features of socioeconomic status still determinants of success at the graduate level? The goal then, is to determine the extent to which graduate students are liberated from their status origins, or whether the offspring of socially and academically privileged families are the main beneficiaries of graduate school education. Mullen et al. separate graduate school attendance by program using the 1992-93 Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study (B&B). Their findings suggest that parents’ education still exerts a strong influence on offspring’s graduate school attendance. This paper uses data from the more recent 2000-01 B&B, and investigates whether the factors found in Mullen et al. are stable predictors of graduate school enrolment. 3) Special Needs Students in a Canadian Context: Educational Achievement and Students Identified with Limitations - Hillary Arnold, PhD Student, McMaster University, [email protected]
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 17 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Using cross sectional data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children & Youth (NLSCY) cycle 4 (2000/2001), this study uses ordinary least squares regression to examine the relationship between students with teacher identified school limitations and their academic achievement as measured by math test scores,. The analysis distinguishes between those students receiving help for their limitations and those that did not, relative to students without limitations, and groups students into two age categories for comparison. On average, receiving help for limitations is significantly associated with a decrease in math scores for the younger age group (8-11 yrs), but for those not receiving help for limitations the relationship is insignificant. For the older age group (12-15 yrs.) the results are reversed, with only those students not receiving help for limitations showing a negative association with math scores. Also of note is the impact of receiving or not receiving accommodations relative to the increase that is associated with age. For the younger age group the negative impact on math scores is approximately 58% of the increase associated with age. For the older age group the negative impact on math scores is approximately 90% of the increase associated with age. 4) Always a step ahead: how private schools facilitate the transition to higher education - Jayne Baker, PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] Given the rising importance of credentials and associated massification of higher education, any advantages available to students are important. This paper explores the practices that private schools put in place to facilitate their graduates’ success in gaining university admission. It draws on Bourdieu’s contention that the privileged invoke strategies to combat devaluation of credentials as competition in higher education increases. The data come from an ethnographic study of two elite private schools in Toronto and include observations from attending classes, events, assemblies, and university workshops; interviews with university counsellors; and casual conversations with students, teachers, and administrators. The schools have many practices in place that provide opportunities for their students to distinguish themselves from the university applicant pool. Furthermore, the school culture serves to familiarize students with university; for example, it is common to hear students comparing notes on their preferred university, what they believe are the “top” Canadian universities, or applying to an Ivy League university. Through opportunities available in the private school, and a school culture that asks which university the student will attend (not whether they’ll attend), private schools help ensure university admission. As a result, inequality of access and opportunity is perpetuated as private schools (and their families) work to stay a step ahead.
CSA019 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Universities and ‘the culture of whiteness’: Resisting the Status Quo - Organisers: Maria Wallis, York University, Sociology and Social Sciences, [email protected] ; – Chair: TBA – Discussant: TBA Education is increasingly being affected by forces of globalization within a neoliberal framework that includes deregulation and profits. Even with these shifts, an enduring culture of whiteness (Dei and Kempf, 2006; Schick, 2002) continues to pervade academia, influencing what gets legitimated as scholarship, who may be included in academic communities, and even how academic communities are defined. This panel will include papers from variously positioned scholars, all exploring the myriad of ways in which academia continues to resist diversity on a number of levels. A variety of theoretical frameworks will be employed to interrogate the forces through which resistance is exerted at various levels of institutions, including administration, faculties/departments and also in the classroom. 1) Negotiating Inequity in Accessible Education - Dr. Roslyn Thomas-Long, The Transitional Year Programme and Sociology and Equity Studies in Education, OISE/UT, [email protected] Since the 1970s, access to higher education has been actively pursued as a worthwhile policy strategy in Canada. Educators (Brathwaite, 2003& 1996; Dei, 2000&1997; James, 2003; Solomon & Levin-Rasky, 2003) have stressed the need for a more accessible and inclusive curriculum in educational institutions. Today, most educational institutions publish policy statements regarding their access and equity mandates. At the surface, it seems that much progress has been made, but when it comes to practice, such statements are rife with contradictions as equity becomes selective through hierarchical ordering. Concerns around making education accessible for racialized minorities, and minoritized groups seeking access into the university opens up old clichés about entering through the “back door”. If equity means sharing power, then much change is needed as elitism perpetuates all aspects of decisions such as students’ selection criteria, funding and distribution of resources to departments. Indeed, the current economic climate has become opportune to undermine access programs for marginalized groups, as well as programs where such groups traditionally seek entry. Access programs such as transitional programs are now seen as “too expensive”, even idealistic. This comes at the time when Canadians are increasingly pursuing higher education to enhance their skills in the changing economy. The paper will discuss how equity is being high-jacked as a fundamental good, while at the same time, strategies are pursued that only serve to undermine, even destroy accessible education delivery to marginalized groups. 2) Erace~ing Race: Theorizing Resistance in the Higher Education Classroom - Dr. Anne Wagner, Sociology and Child and Family Studies, Nipissing University, [email protected] Universities increasingly seek to portray themselves as equity-conscious, by adopting the language of anti-oppression throughout policy documents. Such strategies, however, may actually preclude meaningful change by equating such benevolent rhetoric with actual action (Ahmed, 2004). Further, as neo-liberalism (Mullaly, 2007) becomes increasingly entrenched in Canadian universities, we are witnessing concomitant shifts in both the curriculum and well as students’ expectations. Drawing upon Friere’s (1970) concept of the “culture of silence”, this paper will explore the constellation of factors which prohibit a full articulation of the ways in which silence is perpetuated in curriculum, despite an espoused commitment to equity. The extent to which faculty’s social location (Johnson-Bailey & Cervero, 2008).affects the ways in which students respond to critical teaching practices will also be interrogated.
CSA020 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA The Economic Integration of Immigrants and Immigrant Offspring – Organiser and chair: Richard A. Wanner, Department of Sociology, University of Calgary [email protected] – Discussant: TBA This session welcomes papers reporting empirical research advancing our understanding of the economic integration of immigrants or
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 18 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
the economic integration of immigrant generations (1.5 and second generations) in Canada and in other countries. While papers using all types of methodologies, qualitative and quantitative, are welcome, papers using longitudinal or comparative designs are particularly encouraged. 1) Explaining the Allocation of Immigrant Women and Men into Bad Jobs - Cynthia Cranford, Associate Professor, and Mark Easton, PhD. Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto This paper combines insights from immigrant employment, non-standard employment, and gender literatures to explain the allocation of immigrant women and men into bad jobs. Studies of immigrant employment rarely consider non-standard employment as a key factor shaping earnings and other bad job characteristics, while studies of non-standard employment, although attune to gender, rarely treat race, ethnicity and immigration as more than controls. Using cross-sectional data from the Survey of Labor and Income Dynamics and Poisson Regression, this study predicts the number of bad job characteristics (low wages and few benefits) among several place of birth/gender groups, relative to their native-born counterparts. We find that immigrant men from select groups and immigrant women from most groups have a greater number of bad job characteristics relative to their Canadian-born counterparts, controlling for year of arrival, age, education, language and other relevant factors. The relative disadvantage for the immigrant men is explained by their location in non-standard employment relationships, including temporary wage work and both employer and own account self-employment. In contrast, non-standard employment has different effects on different groups of immigrant women but their relative disadvantage remains. Immigrant women’s relative disadvantage is partly, but not fully, explained by sectoral variables including employment in service sector and unskilled manual occupations, and in small and non-unionized firms. The impact of non- standard employment does not fall along developed/underdeveloped country lines suggesting that non-standard employment combines with sector and gender to allocate particular groups of immigrant women and men into specific niches. 2) Does the Status of an Immigrant’s Intended Occupation Affect the Rate at which a Job Match Occurs? Findings from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada - Kristyn Frank, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Waterloo The occupational attainment of recent immigrants has been a primary concern to researchers studying the economic integration of immigrants in Canada. Current research typically concentrates on immigrants’ earnings in comparison to native-born Canadians or focuses on the occupational attainment of immigrants seeking a particular occupation. My research examines factors that affect the rate at which recent immigrants to Canada obtain a job that matches their intended occupations, with particular attention to the effect of the socio-economic status (SES) scores of immigrants’ intended occupations. The analysis in part based on Weber’s concept of social closure. Defined as a process through which the dominant group in society acts to maintain its power through limiting access that “others” have to different status positions, social closure may contribute to the discussion of why immigrants experience difficulties obtaining employment appropriate to their qualifications in Canada, particularly in high-status occupations. Findings suggest that the SES of an immigrant’s intended occupation significantly influences the rate at which he or she obtains a job match within his or her first two years in Canada. This study was conducted with the use of data from Waves One and Two of Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada. 3) Pathways out of Poverty for Recent Immigrants: A Family Perspective - Lisa Kaida, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto In the research on immigrant economic integration, the high labour force participation among immigrant women is often considered to be related to the adverse labour market outcomes of their spouses. However, there has been little systematic evaluation of whether and to what extent the wives' employment contributes to the economic advancement of immigrant families over time. This paper addresses this gap by examining the impact of immigrant women’s employment on the exit from family poverty in the early settlement stages in the host country. I use data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, a three-wave survey of immigrants who arrived in Canada in 2000-2001. Results from bivariate probit analysis suggest that employment of immigrant women does make a sizable contribution to lifting their families out of poverty. The results also suggest that the degree to which women’s employment contributes to family poverty exit varies by their ethno-racial origins. These findings are consistent with the U.S. literature on the role of working immigrant women in poverty alleviation. I conclude by stressing the importance of gender and family-level perspectives in the discussion of paths to economic success for recent immigrants. 4) Elite Entrepreneurs From the Former Soviet Union in Toronto: How They Made Their Millions - Alexander Shvarts, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Toronto This paper attempts to explain Russian immigrant businesses. The purpose of this study is to examine how each of the following major factors: 1) social capital, 2) financial capital, 3) human capital, and 4) home country experience, specifically experience in the former Soviet communist economy and experience in the transitional economy affected the Russian entrepreneur at each stage of business development in Toronto. Three bodies of literature: (1) transitional economy (institutions/organizations approach); (2) ethnic and class dimensions of entrepreneurship (social networks approach); and (3) transnationalism approach were used to examine how each of the four major factors: social capital, financial capital, human capital, and home country experience affected the Russian entrepreneur at each stage of business development in Toronto. I use the central postulates of each of the three approaches to extrapolate explanations regarding how these major factors influenced and shaped business practice and success in Toronto for the immigrants that I interviewed. I discuss how various factors extrapolated from these three approaches, including the role of human capital, financial capital, social capital, and experiences in the socialist and transition economy influenced entrepreneurial success for both of my cohorts during the three phases of entrepreneurship and the founding of a business: (1) Pre-Start-Up - Motivation and Idea Development; (2) Start-Up - Planning and Organizing the Founding of a Firm; (3) Mature Stage - Establishment and Running a Newly Established Firm. I focus on how their past experiences, education, networks, and career trajectories (sometimes described as forms of capital) are powerful influences, among others, in shaping the ability to succeed in the world of business.
CSA021 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Transnational migration and migrant “illegalization” – Organiser: Paloma Villegas, PhD Candidate, OISE/University of Toronto, [email protected] – Chair: Katherine Jeffery, M.A. Sociology and Equity Studies in Education, OISE/UT,
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 19 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
[email protected] - Discussant: Roland Sintos Coloma, Professor, Sociology and Equity Studies in Education, OISE/University of Toronto, [email protected] This session invites empirical and/or theoretical papers focusing on the relationship between immigration and the production of migrant “illegality.” Papers topics can include discussions of the processes that construct migrant illegalization in relation to social and legal institutions, to material and discursive realms, to real, imagined and ideological borders, as well as migrant responses to “illegalization.” Paper topics can also include discussions of the various global processes that lead to migrant “illegalization” as well as the different contexts where this illegalization takes place. 1) They do the work ‘we’ won’t do”: Immigration policy, nationalism and the discourse of the ‘working’ body - Paloma Villegas, PhD Candidate, Sociology and Equity Studies in Education, OISE/University of Toronto [email protected] Using a transnational and anti-racist feminist framework, this paper analyzes constructions of the “working” migrant body in relation to Canadian immigration discourse. It takes as its point of departure the often repeated slogan “immigrants do the work we won’t do” to question how nationalism, nativism and the interlocking of race, immigration status, and gender come together to facilitate the exploitation of migrant workers. At the same time, I argue that the myth of the “working” migrant body and her/his “productivity” excludes particular persons who do not fit into this normative stereotype, including disabled bodies and those not understood as doing paid or unpaid labor. 2) ICEd: The role and effects of strategic visibility and invisibility on undocumented university students - Francisco Villegas, Ph.D. Student, Sociology and Equity Studies in Education, OISE/UT, [email protected] In 2001, California Assembly Bill 540 provided undocumented university students the possibility of attending state-funded institutions while paying resident fees. Before AB540, undocumented students were required to pay “out of state” fees amounting to almost three times the regular tuition fees and severely limiting access to higher education. This paper discusses the ways Latina/o undocumented university students in a California university negotiate their identity as students, immigrants as well as racialized and gendered bodies. It draws on seven semi-structured interviews conducted with undocumented university students in 2006. In addition, it also utilizes observations from meetings of a campus organization, Immigrants for a College Education (ICEd), created to serve as a support group for undocumented students as well as advocate for access to higher education and a full regularization program. Because of the possibly dire consequences of immigration authorities learning of their presence, many undocumented immigrants lead “shadowed lives” avoiding situations that may question their immigration status. However, many utilize their immigration status and lived experience to create community with individuals under similar circumstances and to advocate for ICEd’s mission statement. This paper analyses moments where undocumented students strategically visibilize their undocumented status negotiating between the possible gains and potential consequences of disclosure. The paper also examines the effect of visibility, particularly in relation to the profiling of undocumented immigrants. Therefore, I argue that although undocumented students can negotiate when they disclose their immigration status, they cannot control how their bodies are read. Conversely, efforts to maintain their immigration status secret can result in feelings of isolation where undocumented students feel as if they are the only students on campus experiencing stressors related to their immigration status. 3) Latino Immigration and a Culture of Fear: A Theoretical Framework of Gated Communities in California - Stephen Whitworth, (Masters), University of Western Ontario, [email protected] This paper argues that the emergence of gated communities in California is a reaction to the influx in Latino immigrations and has resulted in a new form of racial segregation. Specifically, as 'whites' become the numerical minority in California they are using gated communities as a means of spatially separating themselves from Latinos. In support of this argument this paper reviews the literature of gated communities, their location, their effects on social exclusion and crime and their relationship to privatization. Second, uses Simmel’s concept of the stranger as a method of theorizing the relationship between Latino’s and White’s. Third, an analysis of the immigration and demographic patterns in California. Finally, examining housing patterns and their relationship to social exclusion in the Latino population. This paper finds evidence that Californians have developed a ‘culture of fear’ toward Latino immigrants. This fear has led to the predominance of gated communities in California as a method of social and physical separation. 4) Beyond slogans and marches: contesting dialogues around immigration - Tricia Vanderkooy, ABD, Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Florida International University, [email protected] This paper discusses data gathered on the Immigrant Participation and Immigration Reform (IPIR) project. IPIR is a philanthropy- supported initiative spanning the United States; the project intends to increase civic participation of immigrants in their local communities, to increase regional and national networking among local immigrant organizations to other similar organizations, and to connect local immigrant organizing to national efforts to pass federal comprehensive immigration reform. This paper discusses how immigrant-led mobilizations across the United States have aimed to reshape the discourse of immigration and illegality in the context of heightened enforcement actions. Using examples drawn from ethnographic and survey research, the paper discusses immigrants’ civic activities in relation to the broader anti-immigrant context. Movement leaders and grassroots participants highlight the ongoing effort to challenge notions of immigrant illegality in a divisive political climate. Delays in addressing long-term political solutions to undocumented residents have spurred increased attention towards contesting the discourse of immigrant illegality. However, the illegality discourse remains much more rigid than the fluid reality of immigration status.
CSA022 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Young People’s Internet Use: Canadian and international perspectives – Organiser: Ann Denis, Dept. of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] – Chair : Michèle Ollivier, Dept. of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] Discussants: Michèle Ollivier, Dept. of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] and Shelley Boulianne, Dept. of Sociology, Grant MacEwan College In this session we explore how adolescents use the Internet, and how their use is influenced by, and contributes to shaping, their multiple positionalities (in terms of gender, ethnicity/ ‘race’, class and other factors such as country/province of residence, type of school, language(s)), rural-urban residence…) which the researcher has examined. Qualitative and quantitative studies are welcome.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 20 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Ideally in the discussion – and perhaps in the papers themselves - we will engage in a conversation about intergroup and international comparisons of Internet use, and about its contributions to constraining and/or promoting ethno-cultural diversity. Presentations may be in English or French, with the chair facilitating second language comprehension as required. 1) ‘Parenting the Internet: The Role of Supervision and Communication in Children’s Use of the Internet’ - Silvana Romero, MA student, Dept of Sociology, University of Calgary, [email protected] This paper stems from a larger research project which explored the print media portrayal of Internet child pornography and Internet luring, as well as the opinions of experts who work in the area of child sexual exploitation. A content analysis of the media illuminated a very prominent theme of parental supervision and communication, with regards to children’s use of the Internet. This paper will explore this theme in greater depth, looking specifically at how factors such as power, control and fear contribute to parental use of supervision or communication to keep their children safe on the Internet. Preliminary findings suggest that the method parents’ use will have implications for children. Consequently, this knowledge contributes to the larger sociological understanding of which children become victims of Internet child pornography and Internet luring. 2) What and why: young people’s use of the Internet - Ann Denis, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] and Anabel Paulos, MA student, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] This paper analyses data from a cross national study (of Barbados and francophone Ontario in Canada) examining Internet access and use by students in their final years in secondary school. The study’s overall objective is to examine Internet access and use by students of different social class origins who are, in one case, members of a national ethno-linguistic minority (francophones in Ontario), and in the other, members of an independent nation state which has minority status internationally (Barbados). It addresses the question, inspired by Castells, of whether Internet use is characterised by a polarisation between a privileged group of Ainteracting@ and a less privileged group of Ainteracted@. The proposed paper concentrates on the young women respondents, but includes some comparisons of their patterns of use with those of their male counterparts. Primarily using data from questionnaires, we examine, first, whether Internet use varies in intensity, autonomy, and diversity of uses, with some students concentrating on a narrow range of activities and others taking advantage of a broader range of the Internet=s possibilities. Second, we examine whether different patterns of use are correlated with such dimensions of inequality as gender, parental background, home connectivity and school characteristics.
CSA023 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Aging and Immigration - Organiser and chair: Ann Kim, Department of Sociology, York University, [email protected] Discussant: TBA By 2025, 20 per cent of the Canadian population will be over age 65. With “old age” now spanning a period of twenty years or more, marginalized men and women, especially more recent immigrants, are particularly at risk of poverty in old age. In this session, we explore contemporary and future trends of aging immigrants in Canada. We invite papers that explore issues of care work, paid work, family, economic security, community involvement, gender, race and ethnicity, health and well-being. As well as outlining challenges and debates, we encourage presenters to pay attention to policy recommendations. 1) Elder abuse in Punjabi and Tamil communities - Vappu Tyyskä, Department of Sociology and MA Program in Immigration and Settlement Studies, Ryerson University, [email protected] A study was conducted in 2006-2008 of family violence (intimate partner violence, child abuse, elder abuse, and other family violence) in the Toronto Tamil and Punjabi communities. Interviews with 5 Punjabi and 4 Tamil survivors of elder abuse revealed a complex pattern of abuse of the elderly, consisting of financial, psychological, and physical abuse. Of note is the role of not only adult children but particularly daughters-in-law as perpetrators of violence, and the generally conflict-ridden in-law relationships, manifested in reports of violence by several abused adult women, perpetrated by not only their partners but their in-laws. An aspect requiring attention is also the issue of self-identified family violence, often going beyond the standard scales of measurement of violence. The results suggest that family violence in these immigrant communities requires attention to the extended family structure and arranged marriages (with dowries), and that policy and program solutions will need to go beyond the standard nuclear family and individualistic model. 2) Midlife narratives of Ethiopian-Israeli grandmothers - Ruby K. Newman, Women’s Studies and Humanities, York University, [email protected] This paper examines the ways in which the process of immigration and women’s experience of aging is transmitted through oral narratives. It is a longitudinal study of the experiences of three Ethiopian Jewish grandmothers living in Israel. Stories of their lives in Ethiopia and their immigration to Israel were collected in 1997-1999. Follow-up interviews were done ten years later. Now in mid-life these women reflect upon their roles as grandmothers within Israeli society in contrast and comparison to their relationships with their own grandmothers while they were growing up in Ethiopia. The grandmothers’ narratives provide insight into the role of stories in construction of identity and in the process of aging. 3) Exploring the gender, ethnicity, and age dimensions of the "healthy immigrant effect” - Karen M. Kobayashi, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected], and co-author: TBA Recent studies have established that a "healthy immigrant effect" operates in Canada - immigrants are generally healthier than Canadian-born persons – but that this effect tends to diminish over time, as the health of immigrants converges to the Canadian norm. Although this effect has been examined by place of birth, language, marital status, socio-economic status, charter language ability, category of immigrant status in Canada, and age, less is known about the "healthy immigrant effect" according to gender among the mid- to later life adult population, life course stages at which there is an increased likelihood of decline in physical and mental health status. Using data from Cycle 3.1 of the Canadian Community Health Survey, the current study expands on our previous research on the "healthy immigrant effect" in adult populations by considering the effects of both immigrant and visible minority status on health for males and females in mid- (45-64 years) and later life (65+). The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for Canadian health care policy and program planning for immigrant adults.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 21 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
4) Worked to death: Gendered and racialized dimensions of retirement for later life in Canada - Author: Nancy Mandell, Department of Sociology, York University, [email protected] , .Julia Hemphill, PhD Student, Department of Sociology, York University; Meg Luxton, School of Women’s Studies, York University et al. TBA The growing gap between economically secure and economically insecure older residents in Canada suggests retirement is becoming an elusive, elite phenomenon. Increasingly, some seniors remain in the labour force in full and part-time capacities, some contend with caregiving responsibilities as providers, and some do both. These aspects of retirement are gendered and racialized. In this paper, we explore these dimensions of paid and unpaid work and discuss the ways in which men’s and women’s racialized encounters throughout the life course have shaped their understandings of retirement in later life. “Worked to death” seems an apt expression characterizing contemporary trends in paid and unpaid labour.
CSA024 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Childhood, youth and formal institutions I - Organiser: Rebecca Raby, Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, [email protected] – Chair: Mary-Beth Raddon - Discussant: Patrizia Albanese, [email protected] Young people from diverse backgrounds can grow up negotiating a variety of formal institutions, including daycares, schools, organized sports, organized religion, group homes, prisons and universities. This session invites proposals for papers that discuss young people within such institutions in Canada or beyond: how institutions construct or shape them, their experiences of institutions, and/or how they affect and respond to institutional processes. Papers may wish to consider how these processes selectively include, exclude, normalize and pathologize according to intersections of inequality, such as class, race, gender or sexuality as well as age. (See also CSA033) 1) Studying Youth vs. Studying Young People: Is Youth a Useful Category of Analysis? - Karen Foster, PhD Candidate, Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] In her 2001 book, "Poverty Knowledge", Alice O'Connor made the claim “that studying poverty is not the same thing as studying the poor” (22, emphasis added). She urged her field to turn some of its “empirical attention to political, economic, institutional and historical conditions, to the policy decisions that shape the distribution of power and wealth, and to interventions that seek to change the conditions of structural inequality rather than narrowly focusing on changing the poor” (22). Inspired by her urging, my paper posits that studying youth is not the same as studying young people. Using the session’s theme, I will suggest that “studying youth, not young people” entails looking at how institutions draw on youth as a concept, rather than looking at youth as a category of people passing through or encountering institutions. Importantly, this approach makes a novel contribution to the growing debate in youth studies about how to conduct ethical, non-exploitative research on young people (see Best, 2007). I will present existing studies that exemplify or come close to this approach, and discuss what is illuminated by studying youth in this way that we otherwise miss when we study young people. I will, however, maintain that studies of young people play an important role, and thus I will show where we can draw on their strengths in order to broaden the “empirical base” of youth studies rather than simply replacing one narrow focus with another. 2) Children’s Experiences within the Classroom: The Role of Learning Disabilities and Socioeconomic Status - Christina DeRoche, M.A., B.Ed., Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Nipissing University, [email protected] Educational experiences are continuously affected by several factors; these include individual processes such as motivation levels, intelligence levels, gender while structural factors include socioeconomic status (SES), residence and governmental funding. Despite the best efforts of educational policy for inclusion, SES and learning disabilities play a complex role in the educational achievement levels of children. In addition to shaping children’s behaviours within the classroom, these factors also serve in contributing to the development of self-esteem and peer relationships. Research has shown that students with learning disabilities do experience lowered self-esteem, negative peer relationships and overall poor self-value. In addition, there is also a clear relationship showing that socioeconomic status affects children’s educational achievement; but how do these two factors interact with one another? Can higher socioeconomic status rule out any of the problems encountered within the classroom due to a learning disability? The purpose of this paper is to theoretically outline the relationship between these two variables and show that classroom experience is affected. 3) Secondary school rules: Punishment for now, discipline for the future? - Rebecca Raby, Associate Professor, Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, [email protected] Drawing on secondary school discipline policy and interviews with school staff from two distinct regions of Ontario, this paper engages with Michel Foucault’s work on punishment, discipline and governance, as well as broader governmentality studies such as those by Nicolas Rose, to examine the governance of adolescents, and the construction of young people in schools. Specifically this paper examines staff comments on the disciplinary strategies of escalating consequences and suspension as well as the unique approach of using social responsibility assessments to explore how these 1) reflect a variety of power relationships, 2) create, reproduce, disrupt or reconcile tensions between the related goals of obedience and self-discipline and 3) alternatively construct some young people as either good or problem students in the present and/or as ‘becomings’ into the future.
CSA025 - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 11:00 - 13:15 Room/Salle TBA ADMINISTRATIVE EVENT - Transition Meeting of the Annual Meeting Programme Committee (for 2009 and for 2010) – Réunion de transition du Comité du programme de la rencontre annuelle (pour 2009 et 2010)
TUESDAY - MARDI / MAY 26 – 26 MAI – 13:30 – 15:00
CSA026 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Globalisation and Sociological Issues - Organiser: Liam Swiss, McGill University, [email protected] - Chair: TBA - Discussant: Ann B. Denis, University of Ottawa, [email protected] This session welcomes papers that address the sociology of globalisation. Possible topics of interest might include: How has http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 22 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
globalisation reshaped societies? What social processes can account for the globalisation phenomenon? How does recent political theory account for current trends in globalisation? What influence does globalisation have on different actors in socio-economic and political arenas? What does resistance to globalisation tell us about the globalisation process? Does political sociology devote sufficient attention to these issues? 1) Globalization, Structural Adjustment / Economic Liberalization, and social Conflict in Post-colonial Sri Lanka: A Case Study - Samuel Gurupatham, Sheridan Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, [email protected] This paper analyses the intersection of economic developments, globalization processes, and social conflicts in Sri Lanka in the post- 1977 period. Sri Lanka embarked on a bold programme of economic liberalization, under the guidance of global financial institutions, in 1977. The implementation of this package of policies, opened up the country to global capitalist processes of a qualitatively advanced form. The Sri Lankan social formation had become well-entrenched in global capitalist processes since the colonial period, which continued into the post-colonial period. The uneven nature of this form, (post-1977), of Dependent Capitalist development resulted in increasing economic and social disparities among Sri Lanka’s population. It undermined the socio-economic position and cultural rights of sections of society. These policies, also, markedly affected the nature of state-society relations. It resulted in the intensification of social conflicts in the island – between the State and anti-systemic groups (of which the on-going ethnic civil war has been the most serious), and between ethno-religious communities. These developments resulted in the militarization of the state and civil society. It is argued that the model of economic development favoured and subsequently implemented by the dominant (ruling) classes/regime, and their social and cultural objectives contributed significantly towards engendering social conflicts in Sri Lanka. 2) Promoting Gender Equality as Development Assistance Priority: The Influence of the World Polity and Bureaucrat Agency - Liam Swiss, McGill University, [email protected] This paper examines why approaches to gender and development within development assistance donor agencies appear quite uniform internationally despite diverse donor country contexts. Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interview data demonstrates how common social processes of globalisation at work in the development assistance sector of three case study countries (Canada, Sweden, and the United States) yield a common aim to address gender inequality through development assistance. This paper shows that the extent to which a policy priority like gender is expressed by a donor is a function of the donor’s relationship with civil society, intergovernmental organisations, and the role of bureaucrat activism within donor agencies.
CSA027 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA In and Out of Work in the Grim Economy I – Organiser and chair: Ann Duffy, Professor, Brock University, [email protected] - Discussant: Vivian Shalla, Interim Chair/Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Guelph, [email protected] Recent economic events indicate that unemployment and restrictions on work alternatives will continue to grow as a pressing concern for many Canadians. Recent analyses have characterized the emerging economic order, both in Canada and globally, as the 'grim economy'. From this vantage point, the emphasis is on the deterioration in many of the employment possibilities confronting workers and the resultant negative outcomes for workers' personal, familial and community lives. Particular concern is often focused on the volatility of the employment relationship as workers increasingly confront unpredictable employment futures charactrerized by lay-offs, contract jobs, reduced employment hours as well as outright displacement. Submissions are invited to examine the impact of on-going shifts in employment patterns--for example, the expansion of contract, part-time, marginalized/ peripheralized, insecure jobs as well as unemployment--on the personal lives, families and communities of Canadians. Case studies and interview-based research are particularly welcomed. (See also CSA071) 1) The Emotional Experiences of Charismatic Leadership, Paternalism and Favoritism: Anxiety, Resentment and Indignation in a Non-Union Parts Supplier Firm - Dale Spencer, Doctoral Student, Department of Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] and Alan Hall, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Windsor, [email protected] The paper documents findings from a case study conducted on a non-union automotive parts supplier firm in Southwestern Ontario (FIRM G). We focus on three management strategies deployed by the owner and the management team—charismatic leadership, paternalism and favouritism—to keep wages low and divide the workforce to avoid unionization. These strategies were in operation despite a firm-wide attempt to convert to a human resources management structure. Against the backdrop of these overarching management strategies, we analyze the narratives of shop floor workers at FIRM G and their characterizations of these management approaches. A key finding of this paper is that while members of the workforce viewed the charismatic leadership exemplified by the owner in a positive way, the feelings toward the managerial paternalism began to erode when workers felt that the management did not actually care for the welfare of the workers. This paper moves beyond the extant research on post-Fordist management schemes by utilizing Ahmed’s (2004) relational approach to explore the emotional experiences of favouritism at FIRM G. We first examine how anxieties regarding the economy worked to bolster workers in their low-paid jobs. Then, we focus on the various articulations of emotional experience of resentment and indignation regarding favouritism in its various instantiations at FIRM G. 2) Antidepressants in the ‘New Economy’: Resisting the medicalization of workers - Priscillia J. Lefebvre, Doctoral Student, Department of Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] My research focuses on how the medicalization of personal distress is affecting current labour struggles. Present work conditions are defined by the intensification of labour, the casualization of labour, the polarised distribution of income, and increased alienation. The resulting distress experienced by numerous workers continues to be addressed primarily at the individual level. This is representative of a shift in the cultural perception of personal distress powered by medicalization. This process can be seen in the symptom-based diagnosis of personal distress as individual pathology, which caries a depoliticizing effect. Making distress medical removes it from public discourse as a social problem and hinders workers’ ability collectively to negotiate alienating conditions by isolating them within individual sick roles. As an entry point, I assess the implications of antidepressant use among workers as a coping strategy for meeting the demands of exploitative and restrictive work conditions and posit that a docile work force is created by treating distress biochemically as a medical illness. Due to their alarming rise in popularity over the past two decades, of interest to me are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 23 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20 serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft. 3) Let them eat cake: Play, corporate games and ‘Loose Time’ at work - Daniel Glenday, Professor, Department of Sociology/Labour Studies, Brock University, [email protected] This paper examines the differences in how power is actualized in large organizations. The paper combines the theoretical and empirical work of the following social researchers: Baldamus’ view of the organization as a bifurcated unit of ‘occupational’ and ‘effort controls’, Buroway’s concept of ‘making out’ and Michel Foucault’s view that power is a conduit that limits human conduct but does not control it. The author advances the notion of ‘loose time’ to put forward an innovative methodological strategy to study the distribution of power in large organizations. Twenty-four interviews (fourteen women and ten men) were completed over a six-month period. They included high school teachers, call centre employees, human resource consultants and managers, credit union financial advisors and regional government administrators.
CSA028 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Social Policy Change: Canadian and International Perspectives - Organiser: TBA - Chair: John Myles, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto – Discussant: TBA The purpose of this session is to shed new light on social policy change in contemporary societies. Potential questions raised in the papers could include: What are the determinants of social policy change in contemporary societies? What actors play a major role in bringing about policy change? What ideological and institutional factors constrain or facilitate reform? Does change take incremental or more radical forms? What is the socio-economic impact of recent changes in social programs? Compared to other societies, what is specific about contemporary welfare state development in Canada? Papers can focus on one or several policy areas ranging from health care and old-age pensions to family policy and unemployment insurance. Comparative papers are especially welcomed. 1) Explaining social policy change in welfare states incorporating an indigenous population: a tentative framework - Louise Humpage, Department of Sociology, University of Auckland, [email protected] The last 50 years has seen significant change in social policy concerned with indigenous peoples living in advanced Western economies. Official assimilation policies, residential schools and the routine adoption of indigenous children into non-indigenous families have all ended. There has also been a radical strengthening of indigenous peoples’ involvement in designing and delivering social policy and programmes to indigenous communities. However, not all of these shifts have been uniform. Indeed, while ‘liberal’ welfare states like Canada have seen significant devolution of social policy responsibility through bulk-funding arrangements, Sami living in ‘social democratic’ welfare states have far less control over social service delivery, even while gaining significant opportunities for political representation. This paper uses the example of indigenous capacity building initiatives from New Zealand and Australia to develop a tentative framework for analysing social policy change relating to indigenous peoples cross-nationally. Combining an emphasis on institutions, interests and ideas, the framework aims to not only to answer traditional welfare state studies questions – do welfare regimes matter? – but also more challenging ones regarding the best balance of indigenous and social rights needed to produce good social and political outcomes for indigenous peoples. 2) Social Policy Change in Turkey: The Increasing Role of Municipalities in Social Policies - Mehmet F. Aysan, University of Western Ontario, [email protected] The objective of this study is to shed light on social policy change in contemporary societies. This research examines the increasing role of municipalities in social policies in the case of Istanbul (European Culture of Capital for 2010). It mainly analyzes social assistances and social services of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality in the last decade. The welfare regime typology introduced by Esping-Andersen and expanded by researchers who work on the Southern European welfare regime is very helpful for the theoretical framework of this study. Neo-liberal economic policies and decentralization movements in public administration in the last decade are the most important global dynamics that led municipalities to play active role in public administration and local policies. Internal dynamics of Turkey, such as religion and internal migration make Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality an interesting case in social policy discussions. Research data of this study is based on two sources. In addition to descriptive statistics, the officials of social services departments and recipients of assistance were interviewed. The findings show that with the transformation of socio-economic structure, the role of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality in social policy, especially in social assistance and social services, has increased since mid-1990s. The role of municipalities in social policy, however, has been composed by the temporary and “micro solutions” compared to “macro solutions” of central government. 3) New Words, Same Stigma: A Critical Examination of Social Policy and Conceptions of People “At-Risk” to HIV/AIDS - Sarah Newman, University of Calgary, [email protected] We have seen a shift in the conceptual categories used to research, describe, and understand the sexual spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic; namely the introduction of the categories Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Sex Workers. Prior to the use of these categories, ‘prostitutes’ and ‘gay men’ were the terms used in by researchers, social policy-makers and educators. Post-structural theory suggests that words do matter and that shifts in language often indicate shifts in social power relations. Using a feminist post- structural perspective, this paper will document the social and political actors involved in the introduction of these new conceptual categories. It will also examine if this shift in rhetoric has produced any significant changes in social policy or in how researchers investigate or understand the epidemic. 4) Normative Conflict and Policy Learning by the State: Constraints in Anti-Discrimination Policy Change in Canada and Britain - Mai B. Phan, University of Kent, [email protected] Public policies function as statements of a government’s values, goals and intentions in a given area. Anti-discrimination laws form the legal framework for the government’s approach in defining and addressing the problems of inequity in the public (and private) sphere. This paper examines two cases of reforms in anti-discrimination laws in Canada and Britain in the early 2000s, and show that although the mechanisms involved were similar, the different outcomes were the result of tensions between different policy areas. British Columbia’s dismantling of the Human Rights Commission in 2002 represented one of many structural changes to the province’s social service system aimed at reducing government spending. Britain’s Race Relations Amendment Bill aimed to make the law more robust, but also to accommodate restrictive and punitive immigration policy recently passed. These cases illustrate the constraints involved in achieving policy change at the legislative level, in particular, how ideology influenced different types of policy learning by the http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 24 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
state. I argue that these constraints arise from the different areas of normative conflict with anti-discrimination goals in British Columbia and Britain. Critical studies of social policy and policy-processes can help us to better understand the challenges of achieving social justice.
CSA029 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Equity Issues in Postsecondary Education – Organiser: Linda Muzzin, [email protected] , Higher Education Group, Theory & Policy Studies in Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto – Chair: Anastasia Baczynskyj, History and Philosophy in Education, Theory & Policy Studies in Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, [email protected] - Discussant: Diane Meaghan, Professor, Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology [email protected] or [email protected] As recent publications about equity in the academy demonstrate, equity issues persist in postsecondary education in Canada (Chan & Fisher, 2008; Wagner et al., 2008). Papers are invited that report research on equity within Canadian colleges, universities and other postsecondary institutions as well as government policies and corporate involvement that impact equity in these institutions. Critical papers would be welcomed concerning the status and/or experiences of minoritized groups at the student, faculty, employee and/or administrative levels; the impact of government and/or corporate involvement on equity in postsecondary education; and most particularly, epistemological considerations in teaching, research and administration in postsecondary institutions that can be linked to equity issues. 1) Equity Views: Effects of Collective Interests and Stratification Beliefs on Canadian Professors’ Attitudes - M. R. Nakhaie, Professor, University of Windsor, [email protected] This paper examines the extent to which university professors in Canada are supportive of policies that sets targets for admission to colleges and universities and that helps increase employment opportunities for racial and ethnic minorities in the wider market. The intention is to test the importance of ideology for the support given to race/ethnic targeted legislation. Analysis of a large sample of Canadian Professors shows that visible minority status is an important explanation of support for such legislation. However, the most important explanation is rooted in a left-oriented ideology which includes egalitarianism, union support, and strike militancy. Among these, egalitarianism shows the strongest effects. 2) Black Voices: Experiences with Race and Anti-racist Education in Teacher Training Programs - K.-A. Escayg, PhD Student, Sociology and Equity Studies in Education, OISE/UT, [email protected] Although equity initiatives have been implemented to curtail the effects of institutional racism, Blacks are still underrepresented at most universities and colleges. Drawing upon the basic tenets of Critical Race and Black Feminism theoretical frameworks, this study examined the experiences of five Black female students in teacher education programs at OISE/UT. Participants were interviewed on their experiences with race and anti-racist education. Using the social experiences of Black teacher candidates, coupled with the responses and reactions to anti-racist pedagogy, the author addressed key racial issues in teacher education (isolation, invisibility, and alienation); proposed initiatives for more inclusive curriculum in pre-service programs; and argued for the implementation of social support networks for Black teacher candidates. 3) What Should Aboriginal Postsecondary Education Look Like? - L. Muzzin, Professor, Theory & Policy Studies in Education, OISE/UT [email protected], A. Baczynskyj, MA Student, [email protected], A. Vinci, PhD Student, [email protected], & K. Zankowicz, PhD Student, [email protected] As part of a national project investigating equity and community college faculty, colleges with significant Aboriginal programming were visited. Interviews with Aboriginal leaders, faculty and administrators were taped and transcribed. Our team also drew on data from other colleges and universities and literature on Aboriginal education, to synthesize ideas about how pressing problems on Aboriginal postsecondary education could be addressed. Historically, government has not considered access to postsecondary education as part of treaty rights, though there is good representation of Aboriginal students at northern colleges, and institutions in Canada now routinely offer specific First Nations programming. We will document Aboriginal concerns about how these programs operate and rationales for doing things differently. At one college we visited, there were more than 30 percent Aboriginal faculty. How was this achieved? We will argue that Aboriginally-oriented colleges should have: (1) access to core government funding as public institutions; (2) affirmative action hiring policies for faculty and staff, basing hiring on demonstrated commitment to Aboriginal education; (3) support for PhD studies of Aboriginal faculty in these institutions; and (4) ongoing participation by Aboriginal community members in their governance
CSA030 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Navigating the Graduate School Experience (Sponsored by CSA Student Issues Subcommittee) – Organisers: Stella Park, Ph.D. student, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto [email protected] ; Kristine Votova, Ph.D. candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] ; Jennifer Henning, Graduate student, Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] – Chair and discussant: Stella Park – Presenters: Neena Chappell, Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected], and Karen Kobayashi, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] This session is intended for graduate students of all levels and is designed to provide strategies on the most effective means to move through the dissertation process in a timely manner (e.g. choosing topics and advisors, professionalization process, time management, publishing, etc). The session will provide many opportunities for questions and audience participation. Graduate students who have recently completed their dissertations and professors who have experience in supervising Ph.D. students are invited to be presenters on this topic.
CSA031 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Policies, Institutions and Outcomes - Organiser: John Myles, Sociology professor, University of Toronto. Chair: TBA - Discussant: http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 25 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
TBA. Session description: TBA 1) Acceptable Institutional Failure: Democratic State Formations and the Constitution of the “People” - Dana Dawson, PhD (ABD), Dept of Social and Political Thought, York University, Adjunct Faculty, Intellectual Heritage Dpt, Temple University (Philadelphia, PA), [email protected] The larger study of which this paper is a part asks how the history of residential schools for Aboriginal children in Canada highlights key processes in the constitution of the Canadian liberal democratic nation-state as both a narrative structure and a set of practices. This paper reflects the results of research conducted in the Peter Jones archive, the United Church archives, and the Archives of Ontario, and focuses on the case of Mount Elgin, a Methodist residential school opened in 1850. The discrepancies witnessed between the policies upon which the schools were built and the practices employed within them are related to the symbolic difficulty of establishing a ‘people’ – a body of citizens belonging to a nation-state – based on principles of equality and inclusion. While equality in theory demands universal inclusion, an actual diversity of social practices cannot be tolerated, not least because it undermines claims to universalism. In keeping with the work of Claude Lefort, this paper investigates how this conundrum is resolved by establishing a position from which citizenship can be understood and willingly enacted by participants, a process which is demonstrated in the establishment and operations of Mount Elgin. 2) Making Future Citizens: Population Control and Childbearing Decisions in Singapore - Shirley SUN Hsiao-Li, Assistant Professor, Division of Sociology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, [email protected] or [email protected] A cursory cross-cultural survey shows that governments in industrialized and post-industrialized societies have adopted a wide range of policy initiatives to address the issue of low birth rates. In Italy, which has one of the world’s lowest fertility rates, pronatalist policies are focused on work-family balance. Sweden and the Quebec province in Canada provide a range of government assistance for families willing to have additional children. While there is some agreement among academics and policymakers with respect to consequences associated with low fertility, there is little consensus as to the effectiveness of government policies in raising fertility levels. This paper attempts to better understand the relationship between population policies and individual fertility behavior by situating it in the larger theoretical framework of citizenship studies. In reviewing debates in the literature on state and “citizenship,” I focus on Singapore, which has a three-decade long history of explicit state policies designed to stimulate and support population growth. I argue that Singapore represents a case of a “social investment” state adopting a “human-resources” paradigm and an emphasis on citizenship-as-responsibility (instead of citizenship-as-rights). I analyze Singapore’s pronatalist policies and data from semi-structured and focus group interviews with citizens, especially their perceptions and responses toward such policies. I suggest that there is a disjuncture between the “merit-based” thrust of state policies and the quest among citizens for a more supportive economic environment as a pre-condition for having a child or an additional child. More importantly, the individual merit-based assumptions and workings of such policies are perceived to have a differentiated impact on various sectors of the population (with the tendency to reproduce the privileged) shaping “citizenship-as-lived experience” and putting into question the universal basis of citizenship. 3) TBA
CSA032 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Immigration and Transnationalism I Co-organisers: Guida Man, [email protected] , Ann Kim, [email protected] - Chair and discussant: Rina Cohen, Department of Sociology, York University This session will showcase theoretical and empirical papers that focus onimmigrants in Canada and abroad, and some aspect of transnationalism. All of the studies presented will be expected to demonstrate the importance of examining transnationalism in relation to social, economic, and political integration in multiple sites. Possible themes for individual papers include: 1) explanations of the types and extent of transnationalism of immigrants from particular regions, and comparisons across countries or groups (i.e. immigrant groups, foreign workers, foreign students, men/women and the gendered nature of transnationalism); 2) the impact of transnational ties for settlement and integration - in particular, the association between transnationalism and integration, or transnationalism and social and economic mobility; 3) the role and function of the state and policy implications; 4) the impact of transnational ties on countries of origin and on non-migrants; 5) transnational familyhood and how family members maintain social and emotional bonds despite spatial separation. Also, how family relations and responsibilities for social reproduction are negotiated and affected. Papers which examine the experiences of women and children are particularly welcome. (See also CSA129)
1) Language in immigration policy as a form of neo-liberal governmentality for the regulation of global migration flows - Jeff Millar, PhD Student, Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, York University, [email protected] This paper applies a framework of neo-liberal global governmentality (Foucault, 1991; Burchell, 1993; Ferguson & Gupta, 2002) to the language policy aspects of recent reforms to the immigration regimes of such countries as the UK, Australia, and Canada, aimed at ‘managed migration’ and the recruitment of ‘highly skilled migrants.’ The spread of a neo-liberal globalization has been associated with the emergence of various transversal processes of subjectivation, by which individuals are subject to ‘conducts of life’ which structure their possible fields of social action (Bayart, 2007). While these processes of subjectivation are transnational, the state remains a key actor in their implementation through its public policy. One site of state policy implication in these processes is the UK government’s recent adoption of an ‘Australian-style’ points system of managed migration (Home Office, 2006). The paper argues that the language requirement aspects and language testing measures within these reforms contribute significantly to the overall goal of ‘rationalization’ of the migration system. By encouraging the ‘responsibilization’ of prospective applicants, these measures constitute important ‘technologies of the self’ for the transnational processes of subjectivation which underlie an emerging regime of neo-liberal governance of global migration flows. 2) Mobility, individualisation and citizenship in the context of Canadian temporary immigration policy - Joyce Portilla, PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] The aim of this paper is to discuss how in the context of transnational Carework the mobility of women results -in practical terms- in a
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 26 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
limited individualization and exercise of citizenship, which are characteristic of contemporary globalized societies. As an illustration of this, this paper will theoretically analyze the case of women who arrive in Canada as part of specific temporary immigration programs to work in the area of health and home care. Although Canadian temporary immigration is not yet a massive phenomenon, the number of migrants increases every year and the population in question is continuously diversifying. Analysis of the Live-In Caregiver Program brings to light a pattern of restricted civil and political rights as well as (sometimes profound) limitations in the exercise of citizenship. However, it has also been shown that migrant spatial mobility is often the trigger of social mobility and economic empowerment. So how can sociology help us to better understand the process of individualization of migrants while considering the integration of these experiences at a global level; for instance in the so-called survival circuits? In other words, how can the life paths of these mobile people -traveling through transnational systems and creating transitional spaces of new transnational configurations- be understood? Therefore, while considering the structural dynamics that enable transnational Carework –such as the immigration policies of rich countries- the phenomenon will be analyzed in light of theories of individualism in order to understand the social meaning of women’s mobility and their spectrum of possibilities in terms of individualization and citizenship. 3) How to expect integration in Canada: Capitalising or missing out on transnational processes - Mihaela Vieru, PhD Candidate, School of Canadian Studies/Political Economy, Carleton University, [email protected] This paper examines the salience immigrants’ expectations have in their integration in Canadian society and the factors that contribute to the construction of these expectations in transnational times. Based on my research on Romanian immigrants in Ottawa and Montreal, I explore the impact expectations have on shaping a personal measure of ‘successful’ integration in Canada. I argue that transnational processes and practices in Europe both construct and deconstruct immigrants’ expectations of Canada, and are constituted into push-pull factors in their decisions to come to, stay in, or leave this country. Identifying such transnational processes and practices and the way they produce immigrants’ prospects and experiences of Canada is necessary for attracting and retaining competitive skilled workers within global economy. My research brings forward how illegal/short work migration in Europe, the problematic of legal immigration to Canada, transnational technology and kinship patterns, or national and global citizenship instrumental considerations compound immigrants’ views of their life in Canada and make their integration a transnational perceptional phenomenon. Policy aimed at fostering positive social and economic experiences, which would meet these expectations within the first five years in Canada, is essential in making the difference between capitalizing or missing out on transnational processes elsewhere. 4) Elusive belonging? Media use and recent Chinese immigrants - Xiaoping Li, Department of Sociology and Women’s Studies, Okanagan College, [email protected] My paper explores the role of diasporic media and the new media in producing identities. A consensus in the field of globalization studies, transnational studies and media studies is that globalization and transnationalism depend on advanced means of communication, which allow today's immigrants or “transmigrants” to be more closely linked to their countries of origin than ever before. Ethnic media, or the media of diasporas, play multiple roles in immigration settlement; these include sustaining transnational linkages and introducing the host society to newcomers. The extent of their impact raised questions about belonging and national allegiance. Added to this complexity is the presence of the World Wide Web and the Internet. How do they further obliterate space and borders and affect individuals’ sense of belonging? Identity is a production; immigration and settlement are processes in which new individual identities are produced – in this case, through the work of diasporic media and immigrants’ usage of the new media. The paper discusses the intersecting dynamics of transnationalism, diasporic and new media – how they generate multiple belongings among Chinese immigrants.
CSA033 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Childhood, youth and formal institutions II - Organiser and chair: Rebecca Raby, Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, [email protected] – Discussant: Karen Foster, PhD Candidate, Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] Young people from diverse backgrounds can grow up negotiating a variety of formal institutions, including daycares, schools, organized sports, organized religion, group homes, prisons and universities. This session invites proposals for papers that discuss young people within such institutions in Canada or beyond: how institutions construct or shape them, their experiences of institutions, and/or how they affect and respond to institutional processes. Papers may wish to consider how these processes selectively include, exclude, normalize and pathologize according to intersections of inequality, such as class, race, gender or sexuality as well as age. (see also CSA024) 1) Unpacking Socioeconomic Status: Achieved and Ascribed Socioeconomic Status and its Relationships to Self-Esteem for Males and Females in High School - Jennifer Lea Will, MA in Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] Interestingly, there appears to be an assumption that socioeconomic status is an ascribed status for children and an achieved status for adults. Yet, some studies have suggested that adolescents and teenagers have high amounts of disposable income (McGregor, 2001).This raises an interesting question about the assumption of relying on ascribed SES to explore teenagers' self-esteem: if income is a proxy measure of achieved SES for adults, then it might be important for exploring the influence of SES and teenagers' self- esteem. I propose three research questions: first, how are ascribed socioeconomic measures associated with self-esteem for high school students? Secondly, how are ascribed and achieved socioeconomic measures associated with self-esteem for high school students? Finally, are these patterns of socioeconomic measures different between males and females? I construct a simplified path model of the associations between achieved and ascribed SES factors and teenagers self-esteem. This paper was produced from a research project required for a quantitative methods course at the University of Alberta. The data used in this paper were collected by the Population Research Laboratory (PRL), University of Alberta, as part of the School-Work Transition Research Program directed by Dr. H. Krahn and DR. G.S. Lowe. 2) Paradox of Children, Youth, Family and Developmental Studies - E.I. Pearson, Ph. D. (Edu) Consultant, Toronto, Ontario, [email protected] and co-author TBA Over the years, the study of the family has traditionally the focus of sociologists. However, in recent years, the paradox of the family
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 27 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
unit has shown striking changes between tradition and unconventional parenthood. For example, in public discourse regarding family and children, the increase in single parenthood and social outcomes are often non-generous. Yet, it appears that social networks, social organizations and developmental studies of relationships have for the most part paid little attention to the role of generosity and informal network, on the broader structures within which relationships are established. This session is to examine the hegemonic differences between the different categories of the family and the ways in which children's lives are, or may be organized and enriched by social intervention on how to overcome traumatic love. The presentation examines divisions and blurred boundaries among single parent families, especially father-daughter relationships. Participants will gain a better understanding of the different family forms and lifestyles that impact on children's development and education. This presentation is the result of a review study on single parenthood from 1960 to 2000 in Toronto.
CSA034 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Producing textual realities - Organiser and chair: Dorothy E. Smith, Professor Emerita, Sociology & Equity Studies in Education, OISE/UT, Adjunct Professor, Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] - Discussant: TBA This session invites papers reporting ethnographies that explore how the actualities of people's everyday lives or of events -- as they are in the particularities of time, space and embodiment - get translated into the textual realities of organizational or institutional relations. You might think of how someone becomes defined as mentally ill, of managerial organization of the body count in the Vietnam war, of making an application for maternity benefits, of risk assessment procedures in child protection services, and so on and so forth. Preference will be given to ethnographies that locate making a textual reality in the organizational or institutional relations in which it becomes actionable. 1) No taste for rough and tumble games: The production of boy's gender non-conformity as disorder in the DSM - Mary Louise Adams, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies and Department of Sociology, Queen's University, [email protected] The problematic of this project emerges at the disjuncture between the everyday play of gender non-conforming boys and the diagnostic texts of psychiatry. Criticized by queer and transgender activists, Gender Identity Disorder in Children (GIDC) is a diagnostic category (applied differently to boys and girls) included in the third edition of the DSM. The DSM-III was published in 1980, less than two decades after researchers had first started to construct "effeminate behaviour" as an object worthy of expert study and concern. Recognizing discourse and texts as central to the coordination of institutional practices, this paper provides an account of the textual relationships that emerged in 1960s and 1970s in the small scientific literature that legitimated and grounded the eventual diagnosis of GIDC. The analysis here foregrounds discourses around gendered play, working backwards from the fact that of the five criteria set out in the DSM diagnosis, four have to do with play behaviours. Easily observable, play provides the vehicle through which the criteria of GIDC become 'recognizable' to psychiatric practitioners. It is the aspect of children's experiences that is translated through the textual realities of the DSM into disordered gender behaviour in need of intervention. 2) Systemic barrier in the Canadian federal public service—the self-identification form - Deveau, J.L., PhD, Human resources consultant, 28 Manchester Court, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4P2, [email protected] Instead of correcting the conditions of disadvantage caused by such things as the lack of soundproof workstations, real-time captioning, and sign language interpretation, the Government of Canada continues to treat these systemic barriers as disabled workers’ personal problems. Using Dorothy E. Smith’s institutional ethnography methodology, this paper explicates what happens when Kelly, a deaf worker, activates the self-identification form, and her everyday concerns are transliterated into institutional currency. I will show how the authorized measure of success for the Government of Canada’s policies and procedures developed to ensure the full participation of disabled workers in its workforce thereby violates the legislative requirement of developing inclusive workplace social relations, as laid down in the New Policy on the Duty to Accommodate Disabled Employees implemented in 2002. I will argue that one of the first remedial actions disabled workers need to take is to discontinue their voluntary participation in the ruling relation of self-identifying as a person with a disability. 3) Reading practices in/and government decision making - Susan Marie Turner, Centre for Families, Work & Well-Being, University of Guelph This paper analyses data from an earlier study in order to explore afresh how different ‘readings’ of diagrammatic texts by elected officials and others in a public setting, operate in government decision making sequences of action. It also tries out ways of analyzing and describing the distinctive procedural forms in which institutional texts – words and images in a definite material form that is replicable – regulate local reading practices, talk-text interactions and sequences. The author’s current research with partner community organizations began from their expressed concerns about “access to policy and decision making processes.” Taking up again government decision making process as the institutional context, the paper explores how different readings engage with the technical details and surface features of texts, in action, in those processes. It shows how we can see and make visible the distinctive ‘reading’ practices that produce a text as institutionally actionable in this setting and by contrast, other readings and texts that do not. The paper poses ‘reading texts’ as a category of practices needing further ethnographic attention and descriptive language. In a preliminary way it demonstrates the importance of developing a range of analytic strategies that attend to observing people’s practices of reading texts as integral to what happens in institutional settings.
CSA035 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Work and Immigration - Organiser and chair: Cynthia Cranford, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] - Discussant - Dr. Pat Armstrong, Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies, York University Alongside quantitative work on the labour market integration of immigrants is a rich qualitative tradition examining the incorporation of certain immigrant groups into particular occupational niches, ethnic economies or jobs and theorizing its meaning. Some scholars, using a range of methods, have begun to examine the link between immigration and the changing nature of work, including broad economic restructuring and the growing insecurity of employment relationships. This call invites papers on one or more of these topics. http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 28 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Papers that consider immigrants’ fortunes in the most recent round of restructuring or that use multiple methods are particularly welcome. 1) Immigrant Care Workers in Home & Long Term Care in Canada: Relations with Employers and Canadian Staff and Working and Living Conditions - Jelena Atanackovic, Ph.D. student; Sociology, McMaster University, [email protected] and Ivy Lynn Bourgeault, Health Sciences Program, University of Ottawa; [email protected] Although many studies have examined the changing needs for and shortage of care providers in the context of our aging society, surprisingly little attention is devoted to the immigrant health workers who often provide this care. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap by exploring two aspects of the immigrant carers? lives - their relations with the employers and co-workers and their working and living conditions. The data are collected through in-depth interviews with 77 immigrant workers and 24 employers as well as 149 online surveys with employers in long term and home care sectors in three Canadian provinces: BC, Ontario and Quebec. We have found that despite generally a good rapport between the immigrant workers and their employers, they are sometimes assigned fewer shifts, more difficult patients and heavier workloads than Canadian workers. Where possible, the relationships with Canadian co- workers are good with the exception of some complaints about language sufficiency. Overall, immigrant care workers experience social isolation both at work and home. 2) Minimum Standards and 'Reliable' Workers: Exploring Dimensions of Labour Flexibility in Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program - Mark Thomas, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, York University, [email protected] This paper explores the relationships between labour migration, racialized inequality in the Canadian labour market, and the regulation of minimum employment standards. With a particular focus on workers entering Canada as temporary foreign workers, this paper constructs an analysis of the regulation of their basic employment rights through a case study of the Ontario Employment Standards Act. The paper first presents an overview of patterns of temporary labour migration to Canada, and outlines the general legislative framework of Ontario’s Employment Standards Act. The details of two of the major programs regulating the entry of foreign workers - the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program and the Live-In Caregiver Program - are then examined. Building an analysis from interviews with community legal workers and government policymakers, the paper outlines the legal framework that regulates employment standards for these workers in Ontario, focusing on legislated standards, as well as exemptions, enforcement, and disputes resolution practices. Through this analysis, the paper argues that longstanding patterns of racialized segmentation in the Canadian labour market are exacerbated by ineffective and insufficient employment standards for temporary foreign workers. The paper concludes by assessing the potential for addressing these weaknesses through the application of transnational labour rights instruments. 3) Gendered pathways: life trajectories of second-generation Haitians in Miami - Tricia Vanderkooy, ABD, Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Florida International University, Miami, [email protected] Many Haitian youth express high aspirations for their lives, yet face great difficulty in achieving these dreams. This paper discusses how gender and race mediate the life trajectories of second-generation Haitian young adults in South Florida. Building upon a prior study of second-generation immigrant youth, this research provides an opportunity for understanding immigrant integration as it plays out over the life course. Administration of survey instruments used with other second-generation populations also enables cross-group comparisons with the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS). The results suggest that gender is a critical factor of immigrant integration across generations; Haitian men and women follow distinct paths in educational attainment, occupational pathways, and economic integration. This research reaffirms the ongoing importance of gender, race and social status in shaping the life outcomes of immigrants, and highlights the critical ways in which gender influences the economic integration of immigrant offspring.
CSA036 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Social Movements: Emerging Scholarship - Organiser: Slobodan Drakulic, Ryerson University, [email protected] - Chair: Jim Conley, Trent University, [email protected] - Discussant: Howard Ramos, Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University, [email protected] 1) Why Bolivians put their foot down, but didn’t kick out the state - Nadia Hausfather, Concordia University, [email protected] Bolivian social movements of this century have been cited as the strongest in Latin America (Zibechi, 2007). In 2005, Bolivian protesters successfully brought the country to a halt. Yet why did they stop short of a revolutionary overthrow of the State (Berberoglu, 2008)? Based on first-hand interviews, this paper argues it is because of a combination of diverse and complex factors: 1) a weak leadership in the labour movement; 2) strong local Indigenous identity and political traditions, contextualized by global Indigenous and anti-globalization movements that eschew the State; 3) NGOs’ and the MAS Party’s use of Indigenous cultural identity to avert Bolivians from revolutionary State overthrow. Going back to these first stages of the 21st century ‘Bolivian revolution’ will bring new sociological insight and understanding about the meaning of ‘success’ for aboriginal social movements (Dunkerley, 2007) and about the current political situation in Bolivia. 2) Blogging the Greek riots: the construction of a contentious ‘event’- Mike Mowbray, Concordia University, [email protected] This paper presents a case study of the representation and reception in the anarchist/radical-left online milieu of the recent social unrest in Greece. The locus of research is less a ‘site’ in the conventional sense(s) than it is a set of pathways and location/content linked hypertextually and/or by common concern with an ‘anarchist’ perspective on the Greek riots and occupations which came to prominence in December 2008. This study seeks to address a set of problems concerning the links made between socio-political and geographic contexts, the bases of (and barriers to) possible collective identifications, and the construction of the situation in Greece as an ‘event’ linked in turn with more general aspects of analysis, strategy and possibility for anarchist/radical-left movements. My conclusions suggest a set of considerations relevant to social movement analyses of international anarchism and of many-to-many media technologies, touching upon themes of anti-capitalist resistance, the place of public protest, the question of violence and the forging of transnational frames.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 29 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
3) Lobbying for "The Public Good": framing processes, mobilizing structures, and nonprofit lobbying in Alberta - Krista D. Shackleford, University of Waterloo, [email protected] Using social movement and organization theories as a starting point this paper analyzes the process of nonprofit lobbying in Alberta, Canada. The paper uses social movement and organization theory as well as the concept of “framing” to analyse how Albertan non- profits interpret their lobbying work as benefiting the public good. It also explores what nonprofit organizations mean when they claim to work for the “public good”, as non-profits may only serve the needs of a specific population or demographic. The paper imparts the utility of using social movement and organization theory in concert to explain nonprofit lobbying processes and lobbying practices in a Canadian context.
CSA037 - Lecture/ conférence - Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 13:30 - 15:00 Room/Salle TBA Lecture by the Recipient of the John Porter Tradition of Excellence Book Award – Conférence du récipiendaire du Prix du livre dans la tradition d'excellence de John Porter As recipient of the award, Cecil Foster, author of Blackness and Modernity, is the speaker this year. The title of his lecture is "Multiculturalism as Blackness: idealizing Canadian rights, freedoms and citizenship''. His book, The Colour of Humanity and the Quest for Freedom. Blackness and Modernity is a work that traverses the fields of cultural sociology, anthropology and social philosophy in its interrogation of the relationship and interaction between blackness as both an embodiment of material-somatic inequality and exclusion on the one hand, and a metaphor or relay of social and cultural movement and change on the other.
CSA038 Plenary session/Séance plénière -Tuesday/Mardi 26 -15:15 – 16:45 Room/Salle TBA Prospects for Public Sociology Organiser: Monica Boyd, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, President, CSA, co-chairs: Monica Boyd, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, President, CSA and Harley Dickinson, Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, CSA President-Elect Speaker: Michael Burawoy, Department of Sociology, University of California at Berkeley, Vice-president, International Sociological Association; Past president, American Sociological Association Abstract: In many countries across the globe there have been vigorous discussions and lively debates about the desirability and feasibility of public sociology, that is a sociology that engages publics beyond the academy. This talk assess the debates and consider the prospects for a public sociology in the new age.
Michael Burawoy, Vice-president, International Sociological Association
WEDNESDAY MAY 27 – MERCREDI 27 MAI – 09:00 – 10:30
CSA040 - Open discussion/Discussion ouverte - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 9:00 - 10:30 Room/Salle TBA Discussion Session around the 2008 John Porter Tradition of Excellence Lecture and Book Cecil Foster, recipient of the award and author of Blackness and Modernity: The Colour of Humanity and the Quest for Freedom will be present. The title of the seminar is: The Norm: Recognizing Perspectives, Challenging Assumptions. In addition to Professor Foster there will be two discussants: Professor Rinaldo Walcott, Dept, of Sociology and Equity Studies, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, and Professor Will Kymlicka, Dept. of Philosohy, Queen's University. Organiser: Dr. Graham Knight, Sociology, McMaster University, Chair of the John Porter Tradition of Excellence Book Award Committee, [email protected] Blackness and Modernity is a work that traverses the fields of cultural sociology, anthropology and social philosophy in its interrogation of the relationship and interaction between blackness as both an embodiment of material-somatic inequality and exclusion on the one hand, and a metaphor or relay of social and cultural movement and change on the other.
CSA041 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Quebec’s “Reasonable Accommodation Crisis” – Organiser and chair: Elke Winter, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] – Discussant: TBA
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 30 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Quebec’s “reasonable accommodation” debate started with the “Kirpan affair” in March 2006 and included a number of incidents involving clashes and controversies between members of minority groups, in particular religious minorities, and the members of the French-speaking majority. It has recently been argued that Quebec’s media coverage of particular disputes involving minority groups has blown up the debate, transformed it into a “crisis of society”, and exacerbated common prejudices towards minorities. Due to Quebec’s exceptional place in the Canadian federation and taking place only a couple of months after the debate on “Sharia tribunals” in Ontario, the “crise des accommodements raisonnables” was also followed closely by the media in the rest of Canada and abroad. This session invites papers that examine perspectives on Quebec’s “reasonable accommodation debate”. It is particularly interested in critical and comparative perspectives, as well as in contributions that investigate the coverage of the debate in English Canada and other parts of the world. 1) Accommodating immigration, nationalism, and citizenship in Quebec - Philippe Couton, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] The current debate over reasonable accommodations takes place at a critical juncture in Quebec history. Having secured significant powers over immigrant selection and integration three decades ago, Quebec has been attempting to maintain openness to newcomers and commitment to national integrity. It has been able to secure some of the prerogatives of a sovereign nation-state in part through its control of immigration and its development of an intercultural integrative policy framework particularly attentive to the maintenance of French as a common language. Instead of diminishing the national distinctiveness of Quebec within the Canadian federation, rising immigration has accentuated it in many ways. The emergence of Quebec as a strong nation with sporadic, but specifically dominant and legitimate state power is reflective of the adaptations that many nation-states have undergone in response to the challenges of globalization. By that measure, the Quebec state is in a sense more of a national state than it ever was in the past. Increasing diversity both within its borders and outside of it has contributed to this evolution, the course of which will be strongly influenced by the current debate on reasonable accommodations. 2) Open laïcité in Quebec and prayers in municipal assembly: a comparative case study - Solange Lefebvre, Ph.D., Professeure titulaire, Titulaire de la Chaire Religion, culture et société, Faculté de théologie et de sciences des religions, Université de Montréal, [email protected] My presentation will focus on Catholicism, Religious diversity and Secularity in Quebec. It will be a comparison based on how the articulation is made around the Proulx Commission on religious education (1999) and around the Bouchard-Taylor commission. Quebec is a laboratory which helps to explore the issues of secularization, relations between minority and majority, human rights and religion, values and history. Since the Proulx commission, the province bases its approach of secularity on the concept of open laïcité. I will explore this notion and give a critical analysis. Theoretically, I refer to reflections like the one of Jean Baubérot, Jose Casanova, David Marty, Jean-Paul Willaime, and other recent perspectives. With this theoretical framework in mind, I will present a case study: a comparison of few decisions around prayer in municipal assemblies in Quebec and Ontario. 3) TBA 4) Dealing with Difference: Concerted Adjustment and Reasonable Accommodation - Lori G. Beaman, Ph.D., Canada Research Chair in the Contextualization of Religion in a Diverse Canada, Department of Classics and Religious Studies; University of Ottawa; [email protected] The Bouchard Taylor Commission distinguishes between two problem solving mechanisms for dealing with difference: concerted adjustment and reasonable accommodation. Presenting reasonable accommodation as the solution that has emerged from the formal justice system, the report advocates an emphasis on citizen based mutual discussion which is called “concerted adjustment”. The report assumes that the latter approach is preferable to a formal approach, and privileges it as the solution of choice for disputes or disagreements related to cultural and especially religious needs. This paper argues that neither approach is desirable in that both maintain a particular form of power relations that moves the framing of such differences away from core notions of equality. The report romanticizes citizen participation at the expense of religious minorities, who may be especially disadvantaged in such “private” discussions.
CSA042 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Research on and with Children – Organiser and discussant Rachel Berman, Associate Professor, School of Early Childhood, Ryerson University, [email protected] - Chair: Patrizia Albanese, Associate Professor, Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] Papers are requested that address methodological challenges, opportunities and innovation connected to knowledge creation and when doing research with, on and for children and youth. Papers may present original research and/or ethical and research-related debates and discussions. 1) Children in Health Research: It’s a Matter of Trust - Roberta L Woodgate, RN, PhD; Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba, [email protected] and Marie Edwards, RN, PhD, Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba, [email protected] The study of the involvement of children in health research is minimal. Although involving children in health research is deemed critical to ensuring safe and effective interventions and best care practices, this involvement presents complex ethical, social, and legal challenges for the scientific community and for society. Empirical evidence about the perspectives and experiences of families participating in child health research is necessary to help enhance quality improvement practices related to protecting children in research. This qualitative study sought to describe how Canadian Research Ethics Board members, child health researchers, parents, and children perceive and assess the risks of involving children in research. The aim of this paper is to describe findings related to the role of trust in assessing risk in research from the perspective of parents and children. Two groups of families (parents and children) were interviewed: those with child health research experience and those without research experience. Explored in this presentation are the conditions impacting on trust in the parent-researcher, child-parent, and child-researcher relationships. Recommendations grounded in the parents’ and children’s perspectives, are discussed that may be used to guide and support the work of those involved
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 31 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
in the protection of children in health research. 2) Conducting Research with Preschool Children - Aurelia Di Santo, PhD; School of Early Childhood Education, Ryerson University, [email protected] The objective of this presentation will be to present the methodological issues encountered when employing a focus group measure with preschool children. The aim of the research project was to examine preschool children’s ideas about starting kindergarten within the context of their lived experiences and within a familiar environment in which they had the opportunity to participate in the research with their peers. Thirty focus groups were conducted with small groups of children who attended preschool programs and were to begin junior kindergarten. The focus group procedure was planned to resemble a group/circle time activity which is a common part of a preschool program’s daily routine and which many children participate in on a daily basis. Children were asked an orientation question about kindergarten and then a series of six questions. To conclude the focus group the researcher read the children a story related to the topic of starting kindergarten. This presentation will highlight the issues encountered such as the level of children’s participation in the focus group, respecting the child’s right to participate or not to participate in the focus group, the challenges of developing developmentally appropriate questions while striving to meet the objectives of the research, and the use of props as aids for gathering data. 3) Listening to the voices of children in research - Wei Su, M.A.; Early Childhood Studies, Ryerson University This presentation will highlight the ethical considerations and methodological approaches used to conduct research with preschool children. The purpose of the research project was to determine children’s perceptions of other children based on body size. Forty-two preschool children (age 2-5) who attended preschool programs participated in the research process. In the study, children, on an individual basis, were told four short stories about an interaction between two children, in which one child demonstrated socially unacceptable behaviour (mean child) and one who demonstrated prosocial behaviour (nice child). The stories were presented along with two target figures, identical expect for body size. Children were asked to identify which child in the story was the ‘mean’ child and which child in the story was the ‘nice’ child. Children were then given an opportunity to provide their rationale. This presentation will focus on the issues of gaining children’s consent, building rapport with children, ensuring children’s comfort during the research process, children’s rights during the research process and the importance of respecting and valuing children’s voices heard through research. By listening to children’s voices, researchers may gain a deeper understanding of children’s perceptions of important societal issues.
CSA043 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA The Creation, Maintenance, Expansion and Crisis of Nation States - Organiser and chair: Karen Stanbridge, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] - Discussant: Slobodan Drakulic, Assistant Professor, Ryerson University, [email protected] By now it is clear that reports of the death of the nation-state were greatly exaggerated. Yet, it is also clear that many a nation’s sovereignty has been curtailed under the uncertain rules of the game of the “New World Order.” This session welcomes papers that revisit the end of the nation-state debate in theoretical and empirical terms. 1) Political Economy and Islamic Fundamentalism as a Nationalist Response to Neo-Colonialism - Trevor W. Harrison, Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Lethbridge, [email protected] The Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 explained the acts as produced by states that had failed to achieve “stable modernization.” This paper situates the rise of Islamic fundamentalism instead within the broader context of post-colonial struggles, arguing that Islamic fundamentalism represents a particular type of nationalism, its form shaped moreover by the actions of the western powers, especially the United States, in the Middle East since1945 in the pursuit of a single commodity: oil. 2) The Israel – Palestine Conflict: Discourse and Rhetoric in Documentary Films - Gary Barron, MA Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, [email protected] and Nathan Turley, MA Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, [email protected] The recent resurgence of violence in the Gaza Strip is another page in the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Echoing the divisive nature of the war, news agencies in Canada are polarized and support either Israel or Palestine. Regardless of who is “right” and “wrong”, this study objectively explores the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in popular media as presented in video documentaries. Documentaries are a powerful method of constructing reality and have real effects on public knowledge and discourse. People ignorant to the situation between Israel and Palestine may turn to documentary films for education; the films thus shape their understanding of the reality of the conflict. A list of 18 documentaries was acquired through online searches; only 9 were readily available and include films from France, the UK, the USA, Israel and Palestine. Through careful and iterative viewing, content analysis is used to examine how the problem of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is framed in these films. We pose the questions, how is this conflict portrayed, is one side represented as right more than another, what is the representation of the history of the conflict, and how are the causes of the conflict portrayed?
CSA044 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Sociological Approaches to Addiction – Organiser: Lorne Tepperman, Professor of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] - Chair: TBA – Discussant: TBA. This session will be devoted to discussing sociological approaches to addiction (to drugs, alcohol, and gambling – among others), as distinct from psychological, biochemical or genetic approaches. In this context, we will discuss social influences on addiction, and the consequences of addiction for family, work and school life, and other social institutions. We will also explore the need for policy change in respect to addictions, to address these problems more effectively. 1) Trying to Cope When the House Always Wins: How Partners Maintain Relationships with Problem Gamblers who are Resistant to Change - Tara Hahmann, PhD student, University of Toronto, [email protected]
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 32 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
This study explores how partners cope with gamblers who are resistant to change. Data was collected between 2004 and 2005 and resulted in a sample of 31 partners of problem gamblers; 12 male and 19 female. In-depth interviews illuminate the coping experiences of partners of problem gamblers. Using the Lazarus & Folkman (1984) stress-coping framework with the additional clarifications made by Folkman et al. (1986; Endler & Parker, 1990) and Pearlin & Schooler (1978), I identify a coping typology of partners of problem gamblers. Partners use a variety of coping strategies: problem, emotion, escape-avoidance, and cognition focused, which this research also uses to outline a coping process. This study adds to a gap in the research on strategy type used by partners of problem gamblers and the process of coping, both of which have gone unexplored using this widely cited theoretical framework and with a sample that includes male partners. Finally, this research highlights the need for partners to be treated as an exclusive group in both problem gambling research and treatment. 2) An examination of the relationship between understandings of addiction and treatment practices: where to we go from here? - Tara Lyons, PhD Candidate (ABD), Department of Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] How we look at problems determines our interventions, or solutions, and in North American drug policies, the relationships between drug addiction (the ‘problem’) and treatment (the ‘solutions’) are largely over looked. Drug addiction continues to be understood as an individual problem, where addicted subjects are individualized and understood to have to make a choice to arrest their disease of addiction. Based on this understanding of addiction, treatment is understood to be a life-long, ongoing process involving abstinence from all mood-altering substances. This paper critiques these understandings of addition and treatment using 23 months of field research in the Ottawa Drug Treatment Court and interviews with drug users who have gone through various treatment programs. The paper outlines alternative conceptions of addiction that focus on addiction as a broader societal issue: addiction as rooted in free market capitalism and addiction spirits that are out of balance. Alternative models of treatment, including Ibogaine and First Nations teachings, will be explored. Also, examples from my work as Executive Director of the Canadian Students for Sensible Drug Policy will be used to highlight the ways drug policy needs to move from the criminalization of drug users to human rights policies that address poverty and discrimination. 3) Identity, embodied memory and ambivalence: young mothers’ experiences disengaging from injecting drug use - Fiona S. Martin, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University, [email protected] This paper addresses the apparent disjuncture between women’s hopes and expectations vis-à-vis stopping or reducing their drug use during pregnancy (Tobin 2005; Klee, Jackson & Lewis 2002; Powis et al 2000, Taylor 1999, Waldby 1988) and their common experiences of post-partum relapse (Niccols & Sword 2005; Jos, Permutter & Marshall 2003; Klee 2002f; Comfort & Kaltenbach 2000; Daley, Argeriou & MCCarthy 1998) by exploring young mothers’ accounts of disengagement. The paper is based on a three-year, ethnographic research project on young pregnant and parenting injecting drug users living in and around Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Through a discussion of the themes of identity, pleasure and memory in young mothers’ accounts of disengagement, the paper challenges the linear model of recovery that currently dominate the drug treatment literature with respect to pregnant women and mothers. The paper argues that the concept of ambivalence is critical to understanding the process of disengagement in the lives of women with children, for both those who have “successfully recovered” from addiction and those who have not. 4) The Gambling Research Community: A Preliminary Collaboration Network Analysis - Sasha Stark, PhD Student, University of Toronto, [email protected] In order to evaluate claims made by the gambling research community, it is essential to know whether an active, well-functioning, cohesive community exists. One measure of credibility is the level of structural maturity of the research community. In the present study, a preliminary network analysis of collaboration data from academic journals is used to determine the level of structural maturity of the gambling research community. The results for measures of centrality, size and clusterability are all consistent with the characteristics found in small world networks. According to Newman (2001), the ''smallness'' of this type of network suggests that the research community is reputable and functioning. Further, the results show that the research community is multidisciplinary. The structural measurements of the current analysis fit the small world network model, which is consistent with the findings of similar cross- sectional and longitudinal collaboration studies. Therefore, it is likely that the large-scale collaboration network analysis will also fit the small world model. Ultimately, the current analysis has shown that there is an appropriate methodology for studying the maturity of scientific communities: an event-based longitudinal analysis that covers the entire lifespan of the community.
CSA045 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Intersections of Gender, Race, and Violence I - Violence, Media, and the Orientalized ‘Other’ – Organisers: Kristen Gilchrist, PhD Student, Sociology, Carleton Unversity, [email protected] and Aaron Doyle, Associate Professor, Sociology, Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] –- Chair: TBA - Discussant: Kristen Gilchrist Papers are invited which address the complex and intersectional nature of violence(s), including both interpersonal and/or structural violence, especially papers with a particular emphasis on exploring the links between violence, gender, and race. Papers looking at how violence interacts with other social dimensions such as class, religion, region, sexual orientation etc. are also welcome. (See also CSA119) 1) Race, gender and violence in the Asia Pacific century - Hijin Park, Assistant Professor Sociology, Brock University, [email protected] This paper examines a series of 2002 attacks of Asian women and girls temporarily in the Greater Vancouver Area to study the English language. Beginning with the attempted murder of Korean national, Ji-Won Park, and ending with the murder of Chinese national, Wei Amanda Zhao, the attacks of Asian females sparked a national debate about the vulnerability of, and Canada's responsibility to protect, Asian English language students. Drawing on mainstream media accounts, this research examines how the intersection of race, gender, class, nation and global economy produced the event as a national interest story and as one of British Columbia's most significant events of 2002. I argue that while the economics of the English language industry and the geopolitics of the 'Asia Pacific Century' led to a heightened interest in these acts of violence, histories of Asian othering contributed to a narrative that the violence occurs due to Asian cultural difference in an otherwise safe place. In particular, I focus on how culturalized gendered
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 33 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
racism and the mainstream discourse of violence against women operated to conceal the violence. Citing similar cases of violence against Asian females in the West, I highlight how Asian female English language students are positioned as relatively privileged, mobile migrants, as well as marginalized, hypersexualized females vulnerable to acts of racial and sexual violence. 2) TBA
CSA046 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Food and Environments – Organiser and chair: Myra J. Hird, Sociology Department, Queen's University – Discussant: Carlos Novas, PhD, Carleton University, [email protected] A short while before the US Presidential election, Michael Pollan (author of The Omnivore's Dilemma and other books on the food economy in North America) wrote an open letter in the New York Times to the next US President. In the letter, Pollan argues that the central economic and environmental concerns of the day - depleting oil stocks, mono-agriculture, scarcity of uncultivated land, scarcity of food in developing countries, and soaring food prices - return eventually to the issue of food. In other words, discussions about the environment need to seriously consider what and how we eat. Researchers, community activists and individuals are recognizing the importance of the 'food question' in environmental discussions through local food production, veganism, alternative food distribution and other responses. This session invites theoretical and/or empirical papers focused on the diversity of food and environmental risk. 1) Boom or Bust: How Commodity Price Volatility Creates Social and Economic Insecurity for Saskatchewan Farmers - Helen Rud, Masters student, Sociology Department, University of Regina, [email protected] That prices of agricultural commodities are volatile, but downward trending relative to the price of purchased inputs, has had a direct impact on processes of agricultural decision-making in Saskatchewan. Over the last three decades, the structural adjustment of Canadian agriculture and the shifting power along the commodity supply chain away from farmers have further complicated long-term farm management strategies, while increasing the risk involved in farming. In recent years, this risk has been disguised by high commodity prices; however, it is well known to farmers that every boom is followed by a bust. In order to understand how this boom and bust cycle affects farmers’ livelihoods and management strategies, ten in-depth interviews were conducted with farmers living in Southwest Saskatchewan. An analysis of the interviews demonstrates that while large producers have the resources to absorb commodity price shocks, small family farms have particular kinds of vulnerabilities that create social and economic insecurity in the face of volatile commodity prices. 2) Food Porn: Sensory Exploitation for Fun and Profit - Valerie Bourdeau, Masters student, Sociology Department, Concordia University, [email protected] The contemporary malaise in the North American food culture has been linked to breakdowns in the social mechanisms needed for consumers to navigate the cornucopia of food products available, a cultural vacuum the agro-industrial complex has become adept at exploiting. One of the food industry’s most effective promotional tools is food porn, the spectacular depictions of food that have come to dominate recipe magazines, lifestyle cable channels and other food-related media. More than a tongue-in-cheek neologism, the expression implies profound similarities between sexual pornography and a hyper-stylized imagery in which the aesthetic and entertainment value of food is emphasized over practicalities. Using a vertically integrated framework combining evolutionary and critical theory, I will explore these implications to argue that food porn has been deployed with ruthless effectiveness by the food industry in an effort to overcome the “fixed stomach” problem, essentially hijacking our senses and biological impulses to stimulate unsustainable but highly profitable consumption habits. 3) “I brake for blueberries”: Exploring the Local Edible Environment - Petra Hroch, PhD student, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] When The New Oxford American Dictionary not only added the word “locavore” to their pages but also crowned it the 2007 “Word of the Year” they put their finger on a growing (in both senses of the word) “local food” movement. The locavore movement, or “locavorism,” encourages preparing food “using locally grown ingredients” and taking advantage of “seasonally available foodstuffs that can be bought and prepared without the need for extra preservatives” (The New Oxford American Dictionary). The term “locavore” was coined by a group of women in San Francisco who decided to eat a local diet, and has since been popularized by books such as The 100-Mile Diet – a Vancouver couple’s account of a year of eating locally. The locavore movement encourages people to graze closer to home – by buying from farmer’s markets, by visiting local farms to pick their own food, or even by starting their own garden. Locavores argue that fresh, local products are not only more nutritious and better tasting, but also more environmentally friendly – especially given the amount of fuel burned and greenhouse gases emitted in the transporting of food (that can often be grown at home) from far a field. The curious thing about “going local,” or tethering oneself to eating what grows in one’s own territory, is that one’s experience of one’s community is expanded and enriched. That is, by being forced to navigate and explore less conventional sources of food, members of a community push beyond their cloistered, sheltered, and sterile relationship between mega-grocery store and home. Paradoxically, then, locavorism does more than just provide us with nutritious, tasty, and eco-friendly food, it also puts us in greater touch with the expansive social – and culinary -- community just outside our doors. This paper explores the connection between “nation, terroir, and terroire” in terms of food and local environments and emphasizes the ways it’s becoming increasingly clear that we are where we eat. 4) GMO-free America, or just drink your organic wine and be happy? The impact of local level resistance to the agricultural biotechnology paradigm - Gabriela Pechlaner, PhD, SSHRC postdoctoral research fellow, Cesagen (Centre for Economic and Social Aspects of Genomics), Lancaster University, UK, [email protected] In the United States, a supportive regulatory environment for new biotechnologies is promoting the technology throughout the agricultural system. Sub-national resistance to agricultural biotechnologies is burgeoning, however. Specifically, local level GMO-bans are emerging in direct opposition to the national pro-biotechnology development paradigm. In this paper, I will investigate the case of two county level GMO bans-the first such ban, initiated in one of California's wine counties. Using Bourdieu's (1987) conceptualization of legal "fields" as a site of competition where the law is both shaping and shaped by the competition, I will investigate the extent to which such sub-national tactics are effective in challenging the supportive regulatory environment for agricultural biotechnologies, and
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 34 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
perhaps ultimately even their adoption. At its heart, this analysis is concerned with the extent to which resistance to the technology can interfere with its broader regulatory environment: in what way are civil society actors interacting with the technology's legal and regulatory framework, and to what extent are they able to enact change in the larger regulatory system through their actions? Cast in this manner, this paper will use the case of California's county bans to reflect on the under-theorized intersection between social movement and legal scholarship, and to reflect on the potential for agricultural biotechnology's regulatory environment to be refashioned at the point of regulation. or at the point of meddling with the grape.
CSA047 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Gender Theories; Gendered Practices: Or is there a ‘There’ there? II - Organiser and Discussant: Roberta Hamilton, Professor Emerita, Queen’s University, [email protected] Chair: Shelley Z. Reuter, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, [email protected] This session invites papers that assume ‘gender’ as a major and stable category as well as those that interrogate or develop the concept from, among others, poststructuralist (including queer) theory, science studies, and theories on class/race/gender (among other dimensions of inequality). A full range of current empirical and theoretical work is welcome. (See also CSA012) 1)TBA 2) Menstruation as Optional: Gendered Practice; Contested Terrain - Carol Berenson, PhD Student, Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, [email protected] ‘Menstrual suppression’ is taking shape as a distinctly contemporary phenomenon on the cultural horizon. Most simply it involves the sanctioned use of ‘new’ technology (extended-cycle birth control pills) to intentionally alter the menstrual cycle for purposes other than those medical in nature. Eliminating the period as a matter of convenience or lifestyle choice, marks a considerable shift in attitudes toward women in general and their menstruating bodies in particular. At the same time the menstrual cycle is trivialized here, women’s decision-making competencies are celebrated in this new terrain. As a decidedly gendered practice then, menstrual suppression provides an ideal empirical site from which to sociologically consider these new attitudes and their real-life implications for women. My PhD research will map the nuances and complexities of menstrual suppression from the perspectives of the women to whom it most likely applies. As a precursor to my entering the field, this paper lays out the features of menstrual suppression that make it a unique and topical issue for women today. I also deal with questions of how we have arrived at this place where eliminating menstruation is not only technologically possible, but also conceptually plausible. Specifically, I consider the biomedicalized reproductive body, and the flexible postmodern body by way of contextualizing this issue in its current formulation. I argue that, while ‘gender’ is not problematized explicitly in this discussion, the practice of menstrual suppression stands to considerably alter our notions about the stability (or lack thereof) of the category itself. 3) Exploring Gendering Institutions of Mental Health: A Case Study of Gender Identity Disorder Diagnosis - Kelsie Laing, MA Student, Department of Sociology and Cultural, Social and Political Theory, University of Victoria, [email protected] This pilot project, building on the work of both phenomenology and institutional ethnography, explores the experiences of gender variant people going through the psychiatric process of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) diagnosis. Through the case study of one gender variant individual undergoing the process of transitioning, an institutional ethnographic approach is used to examine the ways in which the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for GID coordinate the experiences of gender variant people. Specifically this project examines the multiple levels of erasure, at the level of the individual pursuing the diagnosis, the doctor diagnosing the patient, and the textual reductionism of the diagnostic criteria. Initial findings suggest that the structure and implementation procedures of the diagnostic criteria contribute to the institutional invisibility of gender identities that challenge the current binary system of gender. These findings have implications for the ways in which we conceptualize the relationship between diagnostic criteria and patients and our larger understandings of the mental health services systems.
CSA048 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Making the City I - Beyond the City - Organiser: Ondine Park, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] Chair & Discussant: TBA This session will explore the question of how the city is made or made meaningful, broadly understood. The city is, of course, material (actual, concrete, bounded) and the particularities of its materiality are constantly changing. The city is also processual (experiential, relational) and conceptual (imagined, representational, potent). Acknowledging that the city is a meaningful place, this session welcomes papers that address how the city comes to be made, or rendered perceptible, or made meaningful, in any of these different modes. In particular, papers that consider how different ‘makings’ of the city re-enforce, complement, overlap, defy, and/or contradict the local boundaries within which cities officially exist are encouraged. ‘The city’ is here understood loosely and may mean any of: the city as such, the city-region, the metropolis, ‘the urban’, the suburb, etc. (See also CSA121 and CSA134) 1) On music in mobilities: A kinaesthetic analysis of metaphysical insomnia - Nick Scott, PhD student Sociology Department Carleton University [email protected] The making of urban space relates to the production of mobility. North American cities, I argue, suffer from a lack of imagination in terms of how people move around, to which its built environment significantly contributes. The domination of automobility involves a dialectic of social imaginaries and embodied practice involving unequal power relations which privilege some ways of producing movement over others. Drawing on Lefebvre, Bourdieu and Latour, I argue an imaginary in which flow is valorized at the expense of fixity, or duration at the expense of simultaneity, shapes a shaping built environment in which automobiles appear not only intelligible, but mandatory. Their domination, however, rigidifies mobility by working to render other kinds of kinaesthetic experience slow, sedentarist and against the freedoms won through advanced liberalism. I propose, instead, a conception of mobilities as rhythms composed of harmonies and melodies, simultaneities and successions, or both timing and spacing. I use the metaphor of music to explore how mobilities could be understood as particular gatherings and distributions of time and space, and to highlight the importance of moving across multiple mobilities/rhythms. Without kinaesthetic diversity, I suggest, a kind of insomnia or broken rhythm http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 35 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
besets the mobile city. 2) Nation, Terroir, Territory: Sovereignty's Hunting Grounds - Rob Shields, Professor, Departments of Sociology and Art & Design, University of Alberta, [email protected] A sociology of territory and land is urgently needed in Canada, a state and society which has traditionally turned to territory for definition and anchorage. Whether they are imported and imposed on the country, or nostalgically preserved as properties of distant motherlands, 'territory' and 'terroir' have been taken for granted as naturalized concepts with neither a history nor a sociology. This paper intervenes in that Canadian 'metaphysics [which] always supposes, in some manner, a solid crust from which to raise a construction' (Irigaray) by contrasting territories, terroirs, traditional hunting grounds and other spaces as opposed alternatives with significantly different implications for practices of sovereignty and justice. This discussion will include urban and rural examples from the Capital and from Alberta, Quebec and Nunavut. Such topological disjunctures between race/class/ethnic/ regional groups reinforces the importance of memory in relation to place, claims to land and the treatment of ecosystems and the environment as key dilemmas of national politics and social formation in Canada today. 3) (Re)Making the City: Multiculturalism, Race, and Revitalization - Vanessa Rosa, PhD Candidate, Graduate Program in Sociology, York University, [email protected] Regent Park, located in Toronto, Canada, is the nation’s oldest and largest housing project, and is home to 10,000 residents of various racial and ethnic backgrounds. For over twenty years residents and city officials have discussed the revitalization of Regent Park (Sewell, 1999). At present, Regent Park is undergoing the first large scale urban revitalization of housing in Canada. My paper seeks to explore the ways in which discourses of difference are tied to the revitalization of Regent Park. The many revitalization planning documents reveal tensions around the management of multicultural difference, largely in terms of race and class. My paper examines these tensions and considers the implications of revitalization and multiculturalism under this framework. How is the city made/re-made in relation to multiculturalism? In what ways are such projects tied to understandings concerning the constitution of urban space? Through exploring these questions, the revitalization of Regent Park provides a window through which to understand broader social relations and will highlight the connections between race, class, and new spatial (trans)formations.
CSA049 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Social Inequality I – Organiser and chair: John Goyder, Department of Sociology, University of Waterloo [email protected] – Discussant: Reza Nakhaie, Department of Sociology, University of Windsor. This session invites reports of current research on such topics within social inequality as status attainment modelling, social mobility analysis, the experiencing of inequality, measures of inequality, research on poverty, income distribution, ethnic stratification, and social class structure. Canadian society is the main, but not exclusive, intended focus. Approaches which are distributive or relational, quantitative or qualitative, are equally invited. (See also CSA072) 1) Class inequality in educational outcomes: a comprehensive analysis of explanatory factors - Sharlene Waugh, Department of Sociology, Nipissing University, [email protected] A long-time staple of sociological discussion, the question of social class differences in educational attainment has elicited an array of explanations over the years. While many studies have examined these different explanations, few have corralled into one analysis a wide range of explanatory factors drawn from these many different explanations. Using primary data collected in three high schools of a mid-northeastern Ontario small city, the present study assembles 47 explanatory variables gleaned from prominent arguments in the literature and, through multivariate analysis, distills their relative explanatory significance. 2) Measuring inequality among Canada’s immigrant population: reaching a better understanding of the economic integration of immigrants through diverse measures of ‘employment success - Kristyn Frank, PhD candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Waterloo, [email protected] The employment success of immigrants to Canada has primarily been measured by comparing their earnings with that of native-born Canadians. However, to reach a full understanding of the inequalities that immigrants experience in the Canadian labour market, other dimensions of employment success should be acknowledged. Focusing solely on the immigrant population, the research presented will examine various measures of immigrants’ occupational attainment including the likelihood of immigrants obtaining a job matching their intended occupations and the rate at which they obtain these job matches, as well as immigrants’ earnings, status attainment (occupational prestige), and mobility between jobs held in Canada. Findings from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada indicate that many predictors of immigrant employment success vary between these diverse measures of employment success, suggesting that the way in which the concept of “employment success” is measured is consequential to our understanding of the inequalities faced by immigrants in the Canadian labour market. 3) Canadian Agriculture: A failing sector or a mere reflection of growing social inequality? - Susan Machum, Department of Sociology, St. Thomas University, [email protected] The global food crisis has brought food production back into the public consciousness. The crisis in the food market emerges from ongoing struggles in agricultural production. The farm population is aging, farm input costs are rising, and farm families are more and more reliant on other sources of income because earned income from foodstuffs is dropping. While it is well documented how the farm crisis and food crisis are tied, less attention has been given to the relationship between the farm crisis and broader socio-economic patterns and trends. This paper questions the extent to which farming is a unique niche in the Canadian economy by comparing and contrasting the income distribution of Canadians to the farm population. It also uses Statistics Canada reports to study the relationship between general labour market trends and family farm operations. It pays particular attention to family farms’ sources of income and how these incomes are distributed within the farm population. In addition to structural evidence, the paper uses case study data to draw attention to the way family farms experience and respond to the social inequalities they perceive in their rural farm communities 4) (Mis) Interpreting Ontario Works: Discretionary practices within one organization - Sara J. Cumming, PhD candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Waterloo, [email protected] This paper explores the vast differences in how social assistance policies are interpreted and applied to single mothers. Interviews were carried out http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 36 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
This paper explores the vast differences in how social assistance policies are interpreted and applied to single mothers. Interviews were carried out with 42 single mothers receiving social assistance, on two separate occasions over a two year period, and a focus group conducted with 7 social assistance caseworkers in one region of Ontario. The case workers represent seven different offices all mandated by the same policy; Ontario Works. The findings reveal significant differences in the allocation of social assistance within the same region. These findings are illustrative of yet another barrier that single mothers face when trying to balance the demands of single parenting and a policy that mandates them into a precarious labour market without tangible support.
WEDNESDAY MAY 27 – MERCREDI 27 MAI – 10:45 – 12:15
CSA051 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Immigration and Ethnic Diversity - Organiser and Chair: Henry P.H. Chow, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina, [email protected] – Discussant: TBA. The ethnocultural profile of Canada at the outset of the 21st Century shows a nation that has become increasingly multi-ethnic and multi-cultural. The growing diversity is often seen as a challenge to its unity and identity. In fact, diversity has always been an integral part of Canada’s identity as a nation. Immigrants have always had to integrate into existing society and accept the core values, norms, and symbols which define Canada. This session invites papers that explore issues dealing with adaptation experiences among minority immigrants and papers that provide a critical analysis of the immigration/multicultural policies in Canada. 1) Multicultural Dynamics: from Diversity to Unity – Shifting Values, Changing Social Policy, and Administrating the ‘Canadian Way’ - Michaela Vieru, Ph.D. Candidate, School of Canadian Studies/Political Economy, Carleton University, [email protected] This paper explores the recent developments in the policy and ideology of multiculturalism in Canada. More specifically, it analyses the growing emphasis on the notion of unity, and less on that of diversity, which the official discourse on multiculturalism has been articulating since the 1990s. I argue that these transformations are the outcome of both national and international cultural and economic displacements, and allow space for the public administration of the ‘Canadian Way’. Instead of evolving into a platform for the advent of hybrid identities and global citizenship in transnational times, multiculturalism and multicultural education has turned to fostering national citizenship and a sense of national loyalty that challenge the cosmopolitan values of a post-modern era. My analysis of the dynamics that have determined such an alternative discourse includes: i) insight into the interdependence between the articulation of public values and social policy making; ii) investigation of the way the state has dealt with issues of diversity when designing and implementing social policies, particularly multiculturalism, immigration, and employment equity. Grasping the complexity of such interlocking cultural, economic, and political processes and structures is essential for understanding the forces that make and unmake multi-cultural Canada within global context. 2) TBA 3) The “Social Security” of Recent Senior Immigrants.- Adam Belton, M.A. Candidate, Department of Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina, [email protected] Changes to immigration patterns in the 1990s shifted the major source countries of new immigrants from traditional American and European sources to countries in South and East Asia. While Asian immigrants have been a part of Canadian society since before Confederation, this period demarcates the first time that countries such as China, India, and the Philippines have been the largest source of new immigrants to Canada. While wealthy, highly educated “economic class” entrants will likely prosper; the older, sponsored “family class” immigrants – particularly parents and grandparents – will have more difficulty with the social and economic transition. Though limited Canadian workforce involvement made previous older immigrants question their financial security during retirement; the increase in senior immigration, source country shift, and unaltered immigration policy has placed recent immigrants in a dire position. Unlike previous American and European immigration, Canada has few International Social Security Agreements with Asian countries limiting recent senior immigrants’ access to public pension and retirement benefits due to their limited tenure and contributions in Canada. Economic hardship compounds if sponsor dependence causes family members to slide into poverty and require social assistance, which sponsorship policy restricts, thereby maintaining low income for up to the full ten-year sponsorship period. 4) Electoral turnout of first and second generation immigrants: Untangling the effects of origin and exposure - Deanna Pikkov, PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto [email protected] In a novel use of multi-level statistical models - with national origin at the second, contextual level - my research using the Ethnic Diversity Survey demonstrates that (1) variation in immigrant electoral turnout is tied to national origin, and (2) the higher the level of democratization in the source country, the higher the average likelihood of voting in the host country. Democratization in parents' origin country also continues to exert an influence on turnout among the native-born second generation. It is the shifting source country composition of immigrant period-of-arrival cohorts that accounts for much of what otherwise appear to be generational, racial and 'length of residence' or 'exposure' effects in cross-sectional samples. The results expand our understanding of immigrant political integration by highlighting the persistent barriers to electoral participation that exist among those who arrive with low levels of familiarity with democratic government. Political history and culture provide a better guide than racial difference in explaining the patterns of variation that are seen. 5) Diversity Management: a comparative analysis of key barriers facing refugee and asylum seeking health care professionals in Canada and the United Kingdom - Yvonne LeBlanc, PhD Candidate, McMaster University, [email protected] In this paper we consider the current barriers that refugee and asylum seeking doctors and nurses in Canada and the UK face as they attempt to pursue careers in their chosen professions. We contend that local collaborative effort and the consideration of ‘lessons
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 37 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
learned’ from other countries are essential to revising policies and implementing strategies that will ease the integration process. Our aim is to compare the key barriers, and consider the policy and integration initiatives of key stakeholders in the Canada and the UK through the concept of negotiated order. The paper is based on documentary analysis and semi structured interviews with forty-six Canadian and thirty-four UK stakeholders involved in the integration of health care professionals in both countries. We demonstrate that although coming to different countries, refugees experience similar barriers on their way to professional integration. The findings show that aside from immigration status and credentialing issues other barriers to integration, such as lack of English language skills, maintaining competency, deskilling, lack of support networks, and financial assets are further exacerbated by institutional discrimination and racism and as a result many are unable to achieve professional integration in the host country. Paradoxically, it is recognized that when integrated, refugees become a significant asset to local health care systems. Somewhat more perplexing is that even though a sizable investment in integration programs has been made in both countries current programs are in jeopardy and investment in future endeavours remain in question largely due to fiscal restraint. We conclude that given the current global economic situation and political unrest collaborative policies and initiatives designed to expedite the integration of refugee and asylum seeking doctors and nurses are both imperative and in the best interests of migrating refugees and the health care systems of receiving countries.
CSA052 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Identity and Belonging in Canada in the wake of the 21st century – Organiser: Amal Madibbo, Assistant Professor, Sociology Department, Calgary University, [email protected] – Chair: Willa Lieu, PhD Candidate, ABD, Department of Sociology and Equity Studies in Education, OISE, University of Toronto [email protected] – Discussant: Alana Butler, PhD Student, Department of Education Learning, Teaching, and Social Policy, Cornell University, [email protected] This session will explore various forms of identity that are emerging in Canada in the wake of the 21st century. It will consider the identities of numerous linguistic, racial, ethnic and immigrant communities. It will examine the impacts of globalization, diasporas and immigration; colonialism and postcolonialism; language, race and racialization on identities. The session will provide participants with the opportunity to develop important conceptual and empirical views about the formation and negotiation of identities, and to explore the implications of these processes for belonging and identification in the Canadian context. (See also CSA070) 1) The Racial and Ethnic Identity of African Francophone Immigrants - Amal Madibbo, Assistant Professor, Sociology Department, Calgary University, [email protected] The proposed paper will look at the racial and ethnic identity of first-generation African Francophone immigrants in Canada. It will define the identity choices made by these immigrants and investigate the role of langue, race, and racism in the construction of the concerned identities. The analyzed data were collected using qualitative methods including interviews, participant observations and document analysis. The proposed paper will allow for conceptualizing and understanding the key issues surrounding the identities and processes of racialization, inclusion and exclusion of African Francophone immigrants in Canada. 2) TBA 3) TBA 4) The Cultural and Political Significance of Caregiving for Multicultural Citizenship - Paul Kershaw, Assistant Professor, Director, Social Care and Social Citizenship Research Network, The University of British Columbia, College for Interdisciplinary Studies, Human Early Learning Partnership (HELP) [email protected] As two decades of recognition politics motivate debates among proponents and galvanize critics, the author urges commentators to engage more with empirical data about why minorities prioritize the transmission of their identities. The article reports such data, drawing on the expertise of 80 immigrant and aboriginal women who share their expertise as it relates to child rearing. Their narratives illuminate some of the cultural and political significance of caregiving for citizenship, including the role that cultural continuity plays in facilitating mutual understanding across generations, fostering self-definition by resisting denigrating stereotypes, and promoting community development. These themes are important because they refine positions of recognition proponents, including Kymlicka, van Leeuwen and Fraser. The same data also pose challenges to critics of multiculturalism who claim it undermines social cohesion or distracts attention from class inequality. The article concludes by revisiting the value of caregiving as a focus for citizenship.
CSA053 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Parenting – Organiser and chair: Patrizia Albanese, Associate Professor, Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] – - Discussant: TBA Papers are requested that address issues surrounding parenting today. Papers can focus on the politics of parenting, intergenerational relations, new challenges associated with parenting and/or new ideas, approaches and opportunities related to parenting. 1) Parenting as Politics: Exploring the Everyday Parenting Styles and Practices in Five Lesbian-Headed Families - Dan Mahoney, Assistant Professor, School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, [email protected] This qualitative study explores the everyday parenting styles, practices and experiences in five lesbian-headed families. The data investigates two important dimensions of parental care: (1) The values, belief systems and resources associated with particular styles of parenting; and (2) the set of everyday parenting practices which facilitate growth and capacity building in children. The findings from this study demonstrate the plurality of ways these parents actively engaged in forms of social support. All five parents employed parenting strategies which promoted growth and self-awareness in their children. Social support also came about by facilitating a world view perspective in their children; whereby children were encouraged to become more socially conscious and begin to locate themselves more complexly in the worlds around them. All of this came about through ongoing and meaningful interactions with their children. 2) Gay Men and Parenting Practices: The Everyday Lived Experience of Gay Fathers - Anna Wilk, Graduate Student, Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] Qualitative in-depth and semi-structured questions were asked of the participants in order to find out about the daily lived experiences
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 38 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
of gay fathers. The questions were open-ended which permitted room for discussion and elaboration. Grounded theory allowed the formulation of analytical codes and categories. What became evident throughout the interview process is that being a part of an alternative family form resulted in the isolation and marginalization of gay men. The men in the study stated that they felt displaced from both the parental realm and the gay community which forced them to compartmentalize their lifestyle. As a result of their sexual orientation, they were deemed inadequate to be the primary care givers of their children. This was also attributed by the men interviewed to our current 'mommy-dominated' world where women, because of their assumed natural nurturing abilities, are viewed as the only ones who can properly rear children. Related to both gendered and heterosexist constructions were particular ideas about the nuclear family that further constrained these men’s experiences. What is supported in this paper is the fact that parenthood is a social construct within which particular construction of gender and sexuality prevail. 3) Constructing and Deconstructing Teenage Pregnancy as a Social Problem - Elena Neiterman, PhD Candidate, (ABD) McMaster University, [email protected] The purpose of this paper is to examine teenage pregnancy as a social problem using social constructionist perspective. Analyzing qualitative interviews with 11 young mothers and relying on media analysis of popular Canadian newspapers I examine claims-making activity around the definition of teenage pregnancy as a social problem. I explore how teenage pregnancy is being constructed by media and how this definition is being contested by teenage mothers themselves. In media teenage pregnancy is usually defined as a social problem. Young mothers are commonly represented as deviant, irresponsible and not ready for motherhood. Teenage mothers, however, resist to accept this definition. They challenge popular assumptions about teenage pregnancy presenting themselves as responsible and nurturing mothers. They claim to be engaged in real relationship and talk about their desire to pursue education. Finally, they question legitimacy of biological age to determine readiness of women to mother a child and seek to deconstruct the “deviance” associated with teenage pregnancy. In conclusion, this paper reflects on the possibility of redefining teenage pregnancy as a normal condition. 4) “It’s like a puzzle, we all fit together” Family engagement practices in Canadian family resource programs: The “FRP Participants’ Voices” Project - Rachel Berman, Associate Professor, School of Early Childhood Education, Ryerson University; [email protected] and others TBA Family Resource Programs in Canada offer multiple services that are said to be responsive to the needs and aspirations of families. Moreover, in contrast to a traditional service delivery approach, FRPs adopt variants of empowerment models where service providers see themselves as catalysts, facilitators or agents, rather than as experts, and clients are seen as participants rather than as recipients’ of services. In addition to empowerment models, the literature on social capital and social inclusion contribute to the evolving framework of family support adopted by FRPs. In keeping with an applied sociological approach, one may ask, how effective are these programs? One aspect of our large scale community-based project sought to document the lived experiences of parent participants in order to understand what makes a successful program from the participants` perspective. Practice and policy recommendations will be made.
CSA054 –Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA The Nation-State and Everyday Life - Organiser and chair: Trevor Harrison, Department of Sociology, University of Lethbridge, [email protected] - Discussant: Patrice LeClerc, Department of Sociology, St. Lawrence University, [email protected] The reach and influence of the nation-state extends beyond its constitutional bounds to shape the nature of the civil society over which it rules, the institutions and individuals who are subject to its authority. This session seeks theoretical and empirical papers that explore the relationship between the nation-state and family, gender, sexuality, religion and other aspects of everyday life. 1) Canadian voices, Canadian choices? The implications of music funding and multiculturalism as forms of Canadian nation- state building - Kim de Laat, Doctoral Student, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] This paper examines two potentially incompatible mechanisms of nation-state building: music funding and multiculturalism. The Foundation Assisting Canadian Talent on Recordings requires that all funding dispensed be recouped. The introduction of a business model into the distribution of arts funding raises questions. Can a mandate for musical diversity be achieved through a market framework? More importantly, if diversity of musical output is not achieved, under what conditions are certain cultural groups privileged over others, and what are the implications of this for the use of arts policy as a means of nation-state building? 2) Women’s Reproductive Rights in Ireland: Tensions and Contradictions between National, Transnational and Postnational Claims to Membership - Paulina García del Moral, Doctoral candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] Through the experiences of three women - a white Irish middle-class adolescent, an Irish Traveller girl, and a Nigerian asylum seeking woman - this paper analyses the tensions and contradictions between national, transnational and post-national claims to membership that have arisen from the Irish state’s regulation of women’s reproductive rights and the ambiguity that exists in the understanding of these rights as human rights and/or civil/social citizenship rights in the literature of political sociology. 3) Social Reproduction, Choice and Strategic Neoliberalism in a Theo-Conservative Canada - Kate Bezanson, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology/Social Justice and Equity Studies, Brock University, [email protected] Employing a feminist political economy approach and utilizing longitudinal qualitative data, this paper considers the social and public policy conditions producing and exacerbating work-life imbalance. Focussing on the Canadian experience, it provides a macro-level examination of the proverbial state of the welfare state, emphasizing the disconnect between the now normative dual earner-female carer model and investment in parental leaves and child care.
CSA055 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Sociology of Violence I - The State and Violence - Organiser: Dale Spencer, Ph.D. Candidate, Carleton University, [email protected] – Chair: TBA – Discussant: TBA. This session seeks papers about or related to violence, how violence should be defined, factors that influence its character, and issues
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 39 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
that confound its observation and measurement. Papers related to forms of violence and/or levels of violence are also welcomed. (See also CSA122 and CSA135) 1) Towards a Sociology of War - Michael Clow, Sociology, St. Thomas University, [email protected] The absence of a strong sociological tradition in regard to the study of war creates a serious lacuna in our understanding of violence. I outline an explicitly sociological perspective on war, using the “first principles” of the sociological imagination. The thesis that war is an institution that flourishes in conditions of anarchy requires us to critically examine the role of force and coercion in social life, and the institutional structures necessary for domestic and inter-societal peace. These ruminations highlight the contradictory nature of the state with respect to political violence, both domestic and international, and the relationship between war and the culture of masculinity. The alternative thesis – that war is an expression of human nature – is challenged on both empirical and theoretical grounds. Efforts to create a more peaceful world require a direct challenge to the institutions of war and national sovereignty, and to the voices that demand we “support the troops” and the imperatives of war. It also requires us to imagine a new political organization of the world with a central authority sufficiently strong to effectively prevent successful resort to political violence in humanity’s internecine struggles. 2) Reinventing State Sanctioned Violence: The Star Trek Effect - Seantel Anaïs, PhD student, Carleton University, [email protected] Whilst a central faith of modernity rests in the notion that science and technological innovation can provide solutions to the problem of violence, the opposite is so often the case: inventions emerging from processes of scientific and technological regeneration often consist in technologies which are unique in their use and production of violence. The development and proliferation of the directed energy device –in particular the Conductive Energy Weapon (CEW) - was purportedly a response to the use of more violent police technologies such as the nightstick and service revolver. Drawing upon the patent history of the CEW and US commissions of inquiry into police responses to civil unrest during the late 1960s, I argue that the genesis of the electrical weapon in its contemporary form emerged from the concept that “weapons of the future” would be benign. Further, I consider the extent to which the notion that modern weaponry should allow for peaceable (rather than violent) intervention onto the body of the political subject emerges from science fiction series which were growing in popularity during this period. 3) Toward a criminal sanction without suffering? Contemporary issues on alternative ideas concerning punishment - Mariana Raupp, PhD student, Criminology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] Symbol par excellence of the “monopoly on legitimate violence” exercised by the modern State, in the classical weberian conception, the modern criminal law, established during the XVIII and XIX centuries, has been designed until nowadays as an imposition of punishment that causes suffering to those who have transgressed the criminal law. Does the weberian formulation presuppose only this essentially punitive pattern of reaction to crime? Punishment and suffering are not intrinsically linked; rather, this linkage is historically the result of selections that have been made. This paper aims to discuss the dominant conception of criminal law through the discourse analysis of a movement of ideas which are self-identified as new and alternative: the new rehabilitationism (Cullen and Gilbert, 1982; Carlen, 1989; Hudson, 1987, Rotman, 1990 etc.). By using the concept of “practical theory” (Durkheim), this presentation aims to discuss the potentiality of “new rehabilitationism” to offer new “recipes” to the political, legal and administrative authorities, in a way that they make their decisions differently, concerning criminal sanctions. How is the rehabilitation defined and justified? What do “to punish” and “not to punish” mean for these authors? Through these questions this presentation intends to relate “new rehabilitationism” to the dominant system of ideas of the criminal law system - the “modern penal rationality” (Pires, 1998) as well as to verify the contemporary issues towards a (re)evolution of the criminal law system.
CSA056 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Critical approaches to “post-violence reintegration” - Organisers: Laura Eramian, York University, [email protected] ; Riley Olstead, St. Francis Xavier University, [email protected] – Chair: Riley Olstead – Discussant: TBA Models of reconciliation are but one perspective from which to approach pressing social problems that follow from war and political violence. Recent critiques of post-conflict reconciliation are generally limited to examinations of the effectiveness of goals and methods used to foster reintegration. Absent has been work that questions reconciliation/reintegration as the dominant paradigm organizing both theoretical postures and practical interventions (by academics as well as state and non-state actors) following violent conflicts. This session seeks contributions that look critically at teleological narratives/expectations of social reintegration following violent conflict. Topical questions for this session include: ‘What do “reconciliation” and “social reintegration” mean and who defines them?’, ‘What is the relationship between histories of colonialism and contemporary interventions aimed at ‘reconciling’ populations divided by conflicts rooted at least partially in those same colonial histories?’, and ‘Aside from reconciliation/reintegration, what other outcomes are possible for social relationships ruptured by periods of violent conflict?’Contributions may address, but are not limited to, the following:possibilities and limitations of reconciliation paradigms for addressing ‘post-conflict’ challenges;‘post-conflict’ modes of governance and intervention; links between colonialism and contemporary interventions; social re-integration or dis-integration?; ethnographic critiques/insights into any of the above. 1) Kill the Indian, Save the Man: Making Sense of Violence and Reconciliation in Canadian Residential Schools - Niki Thorne, MA Candidate, Dept. of Social Anthropology, York University, [email protected] Like many Truth and Reconciliation commissions, the purpose of Canada’s Indian residential school TRC is not to determine guilt, but to help people heal—to encourage reconciliation through the sharing of stories and experiences. In this paper, I give historical context for the residential school system in Canada, followed by a discussion of the formation and mandate of Canada’s TRC. Lastly, I problematize the TRC in terms of highlighting individual acts of direct violence—which obscures larger issues of structural violence, and Canada’s implication in this violence. 2) TBA 3) Mining a legacy of Conflict in San Marcos, Guatemala - Megan Cotton-Kinch, MA Candidate, Dept. of Social Anthropology, York University, [email protected]
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 40 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
In 2005, indigenous communities the north-west of Guatemala held a referendum which almost unanimously rejected mining on their territory. The ballot was held in an atmosphere of intimidation which included the killings of two protesters. This mirrors the general state of insecurity in Guatemala, where the 1996 peace treaty has not brought peace, but increased criminal activity is facilitated by impunity and a justice system that lacks legitimacy. Despite the decision of the community, open-pit cyanide mining continues at the Marlin mine, now owned by Goldcorp, and local communities are facing adverse health, environmental, and economic effects. Current efforts are ‘development ‘ are continuations of long-term patterns of dispossession. This includes both the long-term ethnohistory of the Mayan people affected, the recent history of violence and genocide, and the current situation of 'criminal' violence and neo-liberal reforms. What happens when peace means suppressing protests against companies with army and police, but refusing to protect the land and health rights those same people? When development in Guatemala is sponsored by Canada, but without any effort to ensure that human rights are protected, ‘peace’ becomes a way of repressing dissent to neo-colonial projects. What does it mean to be ‘post- conflict’ when violence, impunity and dispossession continue? 4) “Post-genocide” Reintegration or Disintegration? Counterpoints to Reconciliation Paradigms from Rwandan Genocide Survivors - Laura Eramian, York University This paper addresses the limitations of ‘post-conflict reconciliation’ or ‘reintegration’ paradigms for understanding the complex ways that Rwandan society has been affected by political violence. Both the Rwandan government and many scholars of the region imply that national reconciliation is the only acceptable conclusion to the country’s violent history, but what do these expectations obscure about the ways in which Rwandans live their histories? What kinds of social and political conflicts have emerged or persist since the 1994 genocide which cast doubt on teleological expectations of reconciliation between Rwandans? What role do scholars play in perpetuating the notion that reconciliation can and will ultimately be realized following violent conflict? With reference to ethnographic examples from my fieldwork among genocide survivors in southern Rwanda, I point to ways that both Rwandans’ diverse experiences of the genocide and recent shifts in local power relations tend toward social dis-integration rather than re-integration. Ultimately, who is included in and excluded from survivors’ contemporary moral communities?
CSA057 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Science, Technology and Food Cultures – Organiser: Carlos Novas, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] and Michael Mopas, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] - Chair: Augustine SJ Park, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] - Discussant: Myra J. Hird, Sociology Department, Queen's University, [email protected] From the advent of refrigeration to the emergence of Internet “foodie” blogs, various advances in science and technology have profoundly mediated our relationships with food and the cultures in which it is embedded. This session seeks to explore how science and technology has influenced and been influenced by food cultures. The primary focus here is on the interplay between science and technology and: 1) the production, preparation and handling of food in domestic and commercial kitchens; 2) the marketing, circulation, and consumption of food; and 3) the place of food within contemporary social, cultural and political landscapes. 1) Technology, Domesticity, and the Spread of Convenience Foods - Beth Washburn, PhD Candidate, Sociology, York University, [email protected] Food, culture, politics, and technology intersect dramatically in the post World War II North American adoption of processed foods. This paper explores the ways that gendered advertising, the second wave feminist movement, and the capitalist ideologies of efficiency and convenience are interrelated and implicated in the cultural acceptance of convenience foods. In particular I query the historical coincidence of the emergence of technologically altered foodstuff alongside the second wave feminist movement’s disdain for domestic labour. My perspective on technology follows that of Ursula Franklin by thinking about technology as both a mindset and a practice that is intrinsically linked to capital and relations of power. Technology thus conceived is inseparable from culture and socially accepted values and behaviours. I argue that we must address the gendering and associated devaluing of food labour, as well as the cultural imperatives of efficiency and convenience, in order to make sense of the dominant contemporary North American food culture. The contemporary food landscape is littered with the ubiquity of processed foods: environmental degradation, outrageous carbon emissions, and overflowing landfills. That we need to question the place of food within contemporary social, cultural, and political landscapes speaks to the dominant alienated relationship between field and plate. This relationship is a complicated recipe of the gendering of food labour, temporal constraints, and a capitalist ethic of efficiency. 2) Vitamin D: The science and marketing of a nutraceutical? - Carmen James Schifellite, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] Nutriceuticals are nutritional/pharmaceutical hybrids that are beginning to enter our food chain. According to Wikipedia: ‘Nutraceutical’ is a term proposed to classify foods that ‘provide medical or health benefits’. Nutraceutical is any food or food ingredient considered to provide medical or health benefits including the prevention and treatment of disease. Dr Stephen DeFelice coined the term "Nutraceutical" from "Nutrition" and "Pharmaceutical" in 1989. The term nutraceutical is being commonly used in marketing but has no regulatory definition. Nutraceuticals and functional foods are assuming a middle ground between food and drugs due to growing body of evidence that supports their role in maintaining health and contributing to treatment of disease. Although Vitamin D is technically a secosteroid, I would argue that it is being marketed to us as a kind of nutraceutical that is both as a food additive and a standalone supplement. It is also being marketed to us as a crucial addition to our diet. This presentation looks at the small but emerging controversy developing around the science behind the advocacy of Vitamin D. It also looks at the forces behind the marketing of it as a food and nutritional supplement. 3) Molecular Gastronomy, Hybridity and Science - Carlos Novas and Michael Mopas, Assistant Professor(s), Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] and [email protected] This paper explores the emergence of molecular gastronomy as a site to investigate the interplay of science and technology in late modern cookery. As a style of cooking, molecular gastronomy is concerned with reshaping understandings of the properties of the food
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 41 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
in molecular and chemical terms and with refiguring the ways that it is prepared and handled. Molecular gastronomy makes use of basic scientific principles and an array of technologies once limited to the laboratory to creatively challenge conventional flavour combinations, food preparation practices, and the manner by which meals are socially ordered. However, the field of molecular gastronomy brings more than scientific knowledge and high-tech gadgets into the kitchen. On a much broader scale, molecular gastronomists have also borrowed from the science and technology sectors a modernist stance towards the mastery of nature and the spirit of experimentation, but have combined this with more “traditional” ideas about cooking as an “art form” and a means of creative expression. Thus, instead of seeing it as an example of yet another domain that has been dominated by our fetishization of science and technology, we argue here that molecular gastronomists have produced a “hybrid” culinary style that attempts to blend “art” with “science”.
CSA058 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA The Sociology of Solidarity - Organisers: Janet Siltanen, Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University and Leah DeVellis, PhD Student, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] - Chair: Janet Siltanen, Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University - Discussant: Karen Foster, PhD Student, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University This panel invites papers that address the concept of solidarity as it may exist within modern and post-modern relationships, be they inter-personal, community, or global. Of particular interest are papers that raise critical questions, and propose ideas, about the complex nature of multiple forms of solidarity in contemporary societies. The possibilities and practices of solidarity provoke discussions surrounding human responsibility, collective social interests, and reconciliation of conflict. This panel hopes to be the point of departure for exploring such matters. 1) Global Responses to Global Issues: Navigating the Complexities of Solidarity as a Framework for Social Change - Rina Egbo, PhD candidate, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] The last few decades has witnessed a significant change in the way global poverty is addressed. This shift in thinking closely mirrors the changes in societal attitudes towards the social plights of others from a primarily individualistic perspective toward a more community-based orientation of societal consciousness. Given the growing openness of discussions regarding the roles and responsibilities individuals have in other peoples’ experiences of poverty, the concept of ‘solidarity’ provides an ideal space through which citizen responsibility and involvement regarding global poverty may be gauged. Amid this possibility, this paper argues that this end can only be achieved through the candid recognition of the complex ways solidarity takes shape in particular networks of social change. Through an analysis of the campaign Global Call to Action against Poverty, this paper highlights several key issues related to the use of ‘solidarity’ as a framework for global action–namely issues associated with the construction of a definition of solidarity that can transcend borders; the presence of multiple voices and visions; and the mobilization of diverse masses of people. Finally, this paper uses pertinent scholarship regarding solidarity to illustrate the ways in which to effectively address and mitigate these critical areas of concern. 2) The Rituals of Political Struggle and the Experience of Solidarity - Charles Gibney, PhD Student, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] This presentation will put forward a theory of solidarity as a form of experience which is realized through the performance of cultural rituals. Following Émile Durkheim’s later work on the ways in which the moral order of societies have been constituted through the rites of the religious life, it will be argued that solidarity should be understood as a dynamic social process that must be constantly renewed through experiences which engender a sense of unity, common feeling and mutual support. The central aim here is to offer the sociology of solidarity and social movements an alternative framework for analyzing and interpreting the effects of public demonstrations, commemorations, marches, and other forms of political protest. Rather than trying to assess the influence of protests and demonstrations on a priori social totalities (i.e. society, the state), the rituals of political struggles can be analyzed for the ways in which participants experience solidarity through recurring events, face-to-face interactions, a shared awareness of symbols, and the orchestration of forms of collective action. Ritualistic protests and demonstrations represent an important empirical terrain for furthering our understanding of the conditions under which durable bonds can be forged between people and advanced toward shared aspirations. 3) Ireland’s Quick Switch into An Immigrant Nation - Agata Piekosz, PhD (2nd year), Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] Many studies focus either on emigration or immigration but in order to understand how recent immigrant countries are integrating their migrants we need to analyze emigration and immigration simultaneously. This paper uses the case of Ireland to provide a new understanding of immigration in contemporary Europe. Historically, Ireland has been an emigrant nation, a relatively homogenous society. In the late 1990s, Ireland became a 'Quick Switch' nation where the influx of foreigners propelled net in-migration to exceptional levels. This exceptional and recent change poses consequential hurdles to migrant reception, and future integration. Using a discourse analysis of 200 newspaper articles from the Irish Times and the Irish Independent, I examine the linkages between the framing of immigration and emigration by bringing out key themes of economic migration, racism and citizenship. I develop a concept of 'parallel migration solidarity' to trace how the Irish experience of emigration emerges in the current discourse on immigrant reception in the Irish press. This study suggests that Ireland’s future, as a new immigrant nation, will be shaped by how it understands and interprets its emigrant past into its multi-ethnic present. 4) Post – Conflict Solidarity: Principles and Possibilities - Leah DeVellis, Ph.D. Student, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] Current literature on the sociology of solidarity has insufficiently addressed the concept of solidarity as it may exist between individuals or groups with histories of sever violent conflict. This need is ever more present as the world has witnessed armed conflicts, civil wars, genocide, and ethnic cleansing that have become an overwhelming reality within rather than between nations, most often involving direct struggles among communities (Mani, 2002). This disparity can be overcome by integrating literature on the sociology of solidarity
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 42 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
with restorative justice and peace-building approaches. By appealing to the respective strengths of each discourse, and imagining an interlocking of these two fields of literature, one is able to identify and produce principles and strategies for post-conflict solidarity that is stronger and more comprehensive than its separate parts. Therefore, by drawing collaboratively on restorative justice and peace- building strategies, as well as literature on the sociology of solidarity, this paper seeks to explore the process of reconciliation as a component of building solidarity between cross-conflict groups, as well as developing principles for solidarity in post-conflict periods.
CSA059 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Organized Labour and the Responses of Workers' Communities to the New Economy II – Organiser and Chair: Norene Pupo, Director, Centre for Research on Work and Society, York University – Discussant: Daniel Glenday, Professor, Sociology, Brock University. While the Canadian labour movement has been severely challenged by recent economic events, unions continue to advocate on behalf of their constituencies as well as Canadian workers in general. In particular, unions have become vocal leaders in communities that have been hard hit by the economic downturn and the widespread displacement of workers. They have sought to mobilize workers to provide political responses on the local and national level while also seeking to provide concrete assistance such as job training and support groups in specific communities. Submission are invited that investigate either the emergent role of organized labour in the new economy, the broad evolution of the labour movement in global as well as national terms or the local union responses to economically imperilled communities. Historical as well as contemporary examinations would be equally relevant. (See also CSA005) 1) Who Will Fight for Us? The Role of Union Designated Women’s Advocates in Auto Manufacturing - Julia Woodhall, Masters student, Dept. of Sociology, University of Guelph, [email protected] and co-author TBA Women’s advocates are union workers who specifically represent the voice of women workers and deal with issues such as harassment. Women workers have different experiences and needs than male workers in manufacturing jobs. The role of a union women’s advocate becomes integral to the equitable treatment of women while addressing these differences; however, the role of women’s advocates has been under researched. This paper investigates the role of women’s advocates in creating better lives for women autoworkers. The research for this paper was collected using an institutional ethnographic methodology to investigate the lives of Canadian women autoworkers and the social organization of the auto industry. This paper employs a Marxist Feminist theoretical base, exploring how women’s advocates increase power for women and how they provide a way for them to negotiate within capitalism. The oppression of women in the auto industry can be seen as a form of class oppression, as ignoring gender inequality is often to the advantage of the capitalist class. This paper explores the importance of women’s advocacy positions within unions and will suggest a model for the empowerment of women within the traditionally male dominated auto industry. 2) Critically Evaluating Labour Movement Perspectives on Working Time in the ‘New’ Economy - Ann Duffy, Professor, Sociology/Labour Studies, Brock University, [email protected] Working time and time at work have long been central to labour movements’ agenda. Amongst the earliest union victories were in terms of reduction in the compulsory working day. Recent changes in the nature of paid employment—notably, the growth of non- standard, marginalized, part-time and contract work along with the erosion of non-work time—now necessitate a rethinking of the labour movement’s critique of and positions on working time. As emphasized in recent feminist theorizing, the nature of time and work need revisiting and a critical reassessment. Recent economic events emphasize the need for analyses that carefully and critically examine the emerging boundaries between work and non-work (or, more appropriately, between compulsory and non-compulsory life activities)—on a daily as well as a life-time basis. 3) Transnational mergers, local organizing: the case of USW’s involvement in the “new economy” - Andrew Stevens, Doctoral Student, Sociology, Queen’s University [email protected] North American labour organizations that were once rooted in sectors related to manufacturing have been substantially undermined by the realities of de-industrialization viz-a-viz the relocation of industries stemming from free trade agreements and globalization. While struggling to maintain membership rosters these organizations must reconfigure their strategies and adapt to the so-called “new economy”. Drawing from this, the paper addresses the United Steelworkers’ approach to tackling the international nature of capitalism through its merger with the UK-based UNITE, ostensibly the first truly transatlantic union prototype. Secondly, the research examines the Canadian Steelworkers’ move away from its traditional base into the service sector, specifically the call centre industry. What the article suggests is that multi-sector, transnational unions are the most effective models for addressing globally oriented knowledge and information-based industries. In this regard union convergence is understood as a necessary strategy to confront the local, national, and international expanse of economic inequality within sectors commonly perceived to be outside the reach of unions. 4) The Subterranean Stream: Labour Resistance and Worker Inquiry in the Call Centre - Enda Brophy, Post Doctoral Fellow, Sociology, York University Labour process theorist Harry Braverman once compared workers' resistance to a "subterranean stream," which he said "makes its way to the surface when the conditions permit" and "renews itself in new generations" (1974). Since the publication of Braverman's words, call centre employment has exploded across developed countries, becoming one of the most infamous occupational products of the New Economy. Yet much of the academic literature on the call centre has remained silent as to the forms of exploitation occurring within it. Labour process theorists have responded to this oversight by detailing workers' subjugation in this new workplace, describing a sector characterized by widespread surveillance, low wages, debilitating stress, and high turnover rates. What of organized resistance to these conditions however? This paper examines how such resistance is occurring through a discussion of three "worker inquiries" carried out into moments of collective organization by call centre workers in Italy, Canada and Ireland. Called for by Marx in 1880, developed by autonomist Marxists in Italy, and currently experiencing resurgence within labour movements in Europe and Latin America, the worker inquiry has much to offer researchers in sociology aiming to understand and extend the collective organization of labour in the New Economy.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 43 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
CSA060 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Sociology of Culture I - Organiser: Vanina Leschziner, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] - Chair: Neil McLaughlin, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, McMaster University, [email protected] - Discussant: : Lynda Harling Stalker, Sociology Department, St. Francis Xavier University, [email protected] This session invites papers on the Sociology of Culture, and seeks submissions of cultural analysis of areas of social life as varied as social movements, the economy, occupations and work, mental health, the sciences. Papers on the more restricted areas of research of production, distribution or consumption of cultural products (such as music, films, literature, television) are also welcome. The focus of this session is not on this restricted area of “culture,” but on issues of evidence and warrant in the Sociology of Culture. Papers with quantitative, qualitative, comparative historical, or network analysis methods are all equally welcome. (See also CSA105 et CSA114) 1)Taking Culture Seriously in Community Mental Health: A participatory approach to engaging ethno-cultural communities - Elin Moorlag, Lecturer, Renison University College, University of Waterloo, [email protected] In just one generation, the ethno-racial make-up of Canadian society has changed dramatically. Responding to this rapid transformation has been a pressing concern for human services organizations across the country, including those in the field of community-based mental health. Although mental health agencies and providers have been grappling with their response to cultural diversity, many services still do not reflect an understanding of culturally specific meanings of mental health/mental illness or of the socio-structural environments in which many immigrants and refugees live. This presentation will feature the Taking Culture Seriously in Community Mental Health research collaborative that involves over 40 community and academic partners in Ontario. The purpose of this five-year (2005-2009) Community University Research Alliance is to explore, develop, pilot and evaluate how best to provide mental health services and supports that are effective for people from culturally diverse backgrounds. Central to the presentation will be a sociological analysis of the data collected through focus groups and case studies investigating culturally diverse perspectives of mental health/mental illness, particularly with respect to the notion of “cultural empowerment.” 2) The Portrayal of HIV Transmission and Nondisclosure in Canadian Newspapers, 1987-2008 - Chris Sanders, PhD Candidate, Sociology Department, York University, [email protected] and Eric Mykhalovskiy, Associate Professor, Sociology Department,York University, [email protected] Newspaper reporting of HIV/AIDS has reflected distinct stages of the pandemic spanning more than twenty years. While the earliest stories deal with the first documented cases of AIDS and the subsequent discovery the HIV virus, more recent reporting has focused on high-profile court cases concerning HIV transmission and, in the current Canadian context, the prosecution of HIV nondisclosure. Over this period, media and cultural studies have consistently noted that news coverage of HIV/AIDS is often saturated with portrayals of strong and weak moral character, victimization and blame. Using Foucauldian inspired critical discourse analysis, we explore the media portrayal of HIV transmission in Canada. Drawing on an analysis of 277 stories of HIV nondisclosure reported in Canadian newspapers from 1987-2008, we reflect on the notion of the template introduced by Kitzinger to make sense of the repetition of characteristic narratives in media reportage. Although some of our findings are consistent with earlier research, we also note examples that challenge the notion of standardized templates; we further consider recent evidence that media production is more critical and flexible than often assumed. This presentation contributes to a small but growing body of sociological work concerning the criminalization of HIV/AIDS. 3) The Social Meanings of Blood Donation: Exploring the Influence of Culture and Community on Donor Rates - André Smith, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] Jay Fiddler, and Ralph Matthews, Professor Emeritus, Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, [email protected] Previous social research on blood donation has found that particular altruistic personality traits are associated with a higher likelihood of donation. However, such research does not adequately explain why campaigns appealing to altruism have had limited success in increasing donor rates and preventing blood shortages. This paper reports on a study using an alternate approach that conceptualizes blood donation as a societal response that is embedded in the contexts of culture and community. The study targets the activities of Canadian Blood Services (CBS) in four communities with substantial differences in recruitment strategies and rates of donation. Data were gathered primarily through in-depth interviews with CBS staff, community stakeholders, and selected donors and non-donors in each community. The findings reveal that in communities with the highest donation rates, recruitment activities consisted of primarily localized initiatives which were integrated within the donors’ culture, work place and community-based networks. Further, appeals to donate in those communities minimized the altruistic nature of donation and instead focused on the ways individuals could meaningfully enhance the profile of their community and workplace through blood donation. In conclusion, this paper offers valuable insights into the processes that tie blood donation to the culture and community of donors.
WEDNESDAY MAY 27 – MERCREDI 27 MAI – 13:30 – 15:00
CSA063 -Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 13: 30 - Room/Salle TBA Aboriginal People in the 21st Century: Issues and Perspectives - Organiser: Jim Frideres, University of Calgary, [email protected] - Discussant: TBA. The objective of this session will be to identify issues and concerns facing Aboriginal people in Canada as we entre the 21st Century. Papers also may address assessments of "solutions" (past or present) that have been offered to address these issues/concerns. Papers may take an Indigenous or Western perspective. Both theoretical and empirical papers are welcome. 1) Urban Indigenous Communities and the Settler City Limits of Indigenous Rights - Julie Tomiak, PhD Candidate, School of Canadian Studies/Institute of Political Economy, Carleton University, [email protected] The dominant imaginary, public policy discourses, and state practices continue to marginalize urban Indigenous communities. This is extremely problematic considering that the majority of Indigenous people now live in cities (Statistics Canada 2008). Given the rates of growth and age structures of urban Indigenous populations, the relegation of Aboriginal and treaty rights to reserve and remote spaces
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 44 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
is particularly disconcerting. This paper problematizes the reproduction of colonial geographies and legality that continue to erase and politically contain Indigenous peoples. Drawing on data from Ottawa and Winnipeg, this paper seeks to reconceptualize the urban as Indigenous space. First, I examine ways in which local and regional Aboriginal organizations, both service agencies and political organizations, have been carving out political space in cities. Second, I explore the role of Indigenous place-making and its importance in community and nation building within and beyond cities. Reclamations of land, in particular, destabilize the construction of settler cities as repositories of the fantasy of terra nullius, unmapping the limits that the state has placed on Indigenous access to self- determination, space, resources, and nationhood in cities. 2) Disciplined Bodies: Theorizing Aboriginal Experiences in Canadian Sport - Vanessa Lodge, M.A. Candidate, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, [email protected] - Audrey Giles, Assistant Professor, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, [email protected] - Janice Forsyth, Assistant Professor, Joint Appointment, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation & Faculty of Native Studies, University of Alberta, [email protected] - Michael Heine, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, [email protected] Established in 1951, the Tom Longboat Awards are the longest standing and highest award given to Aboriginal athletes in Canada. Although more than 350 people have been named a recipient, and despite the fact that they rank among the very best, little is known about their involvement in sport – a pattern that contributes to the ‘symbolic annihilation’ of Aboriginal sporting experiences in Canada and obscures our understanding of how to expand opportunities for Aboriginal people in sport. This paper will help address those problems by examining the contextual conditions that shaped Aboriginal participation in Canadian sport throughout the 20th century, focusing in particular on the Maritimes after WWI. A post-colonial framework, informed by post-structural theory, will be used to interpret the scholarly literature that forms the basis for this paper. The first author (Lodge) will later use this knowledge as part of her graduate thesis, where she will collect, document and analyze the experiences Tom Longboat Award recipients from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The presentation will conclude with remarks about the factors that enable and inhibit Aboriginal participation in Canadian sport, and how sociological theory can be used to develop a better understanding of those factors. 3) Keeping it Legal: Aboriginal Rights in the Juridical Field - Jeremy Patzer, PhD Candidate, Sociology Carleton University, [email protected] This paper examines the notion of strategy integral to Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, namely the practical mastery responsive to the ‘feel for the game’ and to the immanent necessities of a social field. It then offers a new reading of the case history of Aboriginal rights that suggests such strategizing on the part of the Supreme Court of Canada, most notably to the end of increasing the symbolic capital of the juridical field through the preservation and extension of its practices, prerogatives, internal norms, values, and legitimacy. Thus while Bourdieu avoids the polemics typical of traditional critical theory that sees an ‘evil will’ behind all social phenomena, his particular notion of strategy goes beyond other ‘poststructural’ analyses of law that limit themselves to simply exposing the aporia of law and justice or the historically contingent and arbitrary nature of practices of justice. Upon demonstrating that Aboriginal rights were poised to become a ‘post-legal’ question after certain advantageous precedents and constitutional changes, I suggest that recent case law can be seen as strategically preventing a sovereign exception to the field of law by rehabilitating Aboriginal rights jurisprudence with new sources of indeterminacy, new portions of arbitrariness, and new hair-splitting specificities, ensuring that these disputes ultimately remain profoundly legal questions. 4) Boundaries and Bridges in Aboriginal-Non-Aboriginal Relations: How Prejudice and Contact Co-Exist in a Northern Ontario Milltown - Jeff Denis, PhD Candidate in Sociology, Harvard University, [email protected] While the colonial history of Canada has been well documented (1) and the ways forward hotly debated (2), little research has examined how Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in concrete communities today imagine themselves and relate to one another. To begin to fill the void, I undertake an empirical case study of how First Nations, Métis and non-Native residents of a Northern Ontario mill town perceive, construct, negotiate and challenge inter-group boundaries and bridges. Through 18 months of fieldwork, over 100 in-depth interviews and an innovative photovoice methodology (3), I discover a significant gap in perceptions: whereas many non- Natives oppose or feel threatened by Aboriginal treaty rights, land claims and self-governance, many Natives say the core boundary is non-Natives’ lack of understanding and respect for indigenous rights, histories and worldviews. Nonetheless, an array of bridges – from shared participation in certain cultural activities to common interests in resolving recent crises – ties the communities together and limits violent conflict. Perhaps most surprising, inter-group friendship, marriage and collaboration appear to co-exist with persistent prejudice and “laissez-faire racism. (4)” The data suggest several mechanisms underlying this paradox, including intra-group heterogeneity in racial orientations, internalized racism, ideology-based homophily, sub-typing, and a “culture of political avoidance (5).” These mechanisms, in turn, draw their strength from the colonization process and the regional dependence on natural resource- based economies. Notes: (1) For e.g., see J.R. Miller. 2000. Skyscrapers Hide the Heavens: A History of Indian-White Relations in Canada, 3rd Edition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (2) Compare, for e.g., the prescriptions of Taiaiake Alfred. 2005. Wasase: Indigenous Pathways of Action and Freedom. Peterborough: Broadview; Tom Flanagan. 2000. First Nations? Second Thoughts. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s Press; John Ralston Saul. 2008. A Fair Country: Telling Truths About Canada. Toronto: Penguin. (3) For a detailed description of the photovoice methodology, see Caroline C. Wang, Mary Ann Burris, and YuePing Xiang. 1996. “Chinese Village Women as Visual Anthropologists: A Participatory Approach to Reaching Policymakers.” Social Science and Medicine 42(10): 1391-1400. (4) This term comes from Lawrence Bobo, James Kluegel, and Ryan A. Smith. 1997. “Laissez-Faire Racism: The Crystallization of a Kinder, Gentler Anti-Black Ideology.” Chapter 2 in Racial Attitudes in the 1990s, edited by Jack K. Martin and Steven A. Tuch. Westport, CT: Greenwood. (5) This term comes from Nina Eliasoph. 1999. “Everyday Racism in a Culture of Political Avoidance: Civil Society, Speech, and Taboo.” Social Problems 46: 479-502.
CSA064 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 13: 30 - Room/Salle TBA Family Troubles: Causes and Responses – Organiser: Lorne Tepperman, Professor of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] – Chair: TBA – Discussant: Patrizia Albanese, Associate Professor, Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected]
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 45 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
This session will be devoted to discussing the variety of problems that currently trouble many Canadian families, including (but not limited to) unemployment and income insecurity, migration and acculturation issues, domestic violence, addictions, and chronic illness. Our goal will be to explore different types of family response to these problems, and the outcomes of these responses. We will also explore the roles played by official institutions in shaping these troubles and responses. 1) Growing Inequalities and Later Life Health Risks: Family Challenges in Canada & the United States - Susan McDaniel, PhD, Professor, Department of Family and Consumer Studies, and Senior Investigator, Institute of Public and International Affairs, University of Utah, [email protected] and Amber Gazso, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, York University, [email protected] The connection between income inequalities and health risks has long been recognized , regardless of a country’s level of socio- economic development. In recent years, income inequalities have sharply increased in both Canada and the United States; families have profoundly changed; and health and income support policies have been differentially transformed, all resulting in troubles for families. This context provides an opportunity to ask what the well-being risks are for later life families in Canada as compared to the United States, especially because of their differing policy regimes and contrasting familial economic circumstances. Dealing with troubles may differ for families in the two countries. Relying on comparative national data, on secular trends and tendencies, and on qualitative interviews completed in late 2008/2009 in the two countries, our focus is on mid-life (45-64) families. Taking a life course and a familial approach to analyses, we ask what individual factors, what family factors, and what national factors affect mid to later life health/ well-being, and capacity to respond resiliently to today’s economic troubles. Particularly, we ask about shifting generational reliance in families and generational prospects for well-being as family members age in the multiple contexts of growing income inequalities, increased economic risks, and retracting social support policies. 2) Paradox of Children, Youth, Family and Developmental Studies - E.I. Pearson, Ph. D. (Edu) Consultant, Toronto, [email protected] and Jimmy K. Tindigarukayo, professor, Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of social and Economic studies, University of the West Indies, Mona, [email protected] Over the years, the study of the family has traditionally the focus of sociologists. However, in recent years, the paradox of the family unit has shown striking changes between tradition and unconventional parenthood. For example, in public discourse regarding family and children, the increase in single parenthood and social outcomes are often non-generous. Yet, it appears that social networks, social organizations and developmental studies of relationships have for the most part paid little attention to the role of generosity and informal network, on the broader structures within which relationships are established. This session is to examine the hegemonic differences between the different categories of the family and the ways in which children's lives are, or may be organized and enriched by social intervention on how to overcome traumatic love. The presentation examines divisions and blurred boundaries among single parent families, especially father-daughter relationships. Participants will gain a better understanding of the different family forms and lifestyles that impact on children's development and education. This presentation is the result of a review study on single parenthood from 1960 to 2000 in Toronto. 3) Marital Conflict: The role of income and education inequalities - Bryan Radeczy, MA Sociology, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] Employing data from Cycle 15 of the 2001 Canadian General Social Survey, this paper examines the impact of household income and education-level on marital conflict. It is particularly interested in whether spousal differences in educational attainment affect marital conflict, and whether these effects differ according to gender. More specifically, I ask whether women who have higher education than their husbands report greater marital conflict than men who have higher education than their wives. These questions are especially relevant given the recent reversal in the gender gap with respect to higher education in North America, where women are now more likely to receive a university degree than are men. The results indicate that household income and education are both positively related to reported levels of marital conflict. I find no evidence, however, that unequal levels of education within the household, for both men and women, leads to increased marital conflict.
CSA065 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 13: 30 - Room/Salle TBA Sociology of Science I – Organiser: Bill Leeming, Faculty of Liberal Studies, Ontario College of Art & Design, [email protected] Chair - Shelley Z. Reuter, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, [email protected] Discussant - TBA Papers are invited that fall under the stand-alone category of Sociology of Science (SS) or interdisciplinary “Science and Technology Studies” (STS). Particularly welcome are papers that deal with the methodological and epistemological challenges which come with studying scientific practices or science policy from a sociological perspective. For example, paper topics may range from the role that social factors play in scientific development to the social organization of “styles” of scientific thought. Topics may also raise questions of legitimacy and public involvement in scientific decision-making. (See also CSA079) 1)Tissue Paper: Flimsy Ontology of Tissue-Fragments - Rebecca Scott, PhD Student, Department of Sociology, Queen’s University, [email protected] The explosion in biotechnological innovation in the last few decades has drawn the attention of many scholars who trace the circulation of tissues in the labs, bodies, institutions and politics they inhabit. For example, in Tissue Economies (2006), Cathy Walby and Robert Mitchell point to the emergence of tissue economies: global routes of circulation and exchange of tissues-as-commodities. Yet, has tissue itself been fully conceptualized by social scientists? In the book, the term “tissue” is used “in a generic sense, to include blood, organs, and any other kind of living matter taken from the body” (p. 4). Drawing on basic histology and research on tissue procurement and use, I complicate this simple definition of tissues, pointing to the ways in which matter from bodies becomes tissue – rather than this being an ontological necessity – via scientific practices and by virtue of their interaction with and contribution to heterogeneous collectives. I suggest that tissues represent fragmentation, metonymically standing in for the real or imagined/virtual living body in which they originated. By way of this analysis, the main contribution of this paper is to propose the notion of the “tissue- fragment” as a way to conceptualize these entities more fully in their biotechnological and embodied existence.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 46 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
2) Ontological foundations for a genetics-based approach to understanding heredity and disease - William Leeming, Associate Professor, Faculty of Liberal Studies, Ontario College of Art & Design, [email protected] A genetics-based point of view of ontology is concerned with what is temporally and causally antecedent to the material being of organisms and the full range of developmental phenotypic potentials associated with the genetic constitution of an organism. Genetic ontologies, in turn, generate concepts modelled in specific knowledge domains (i.e., the life sciences, medicine, social science, public policy) and define relations which are supposed to exist between those concepts in the production of new kinds of knowledge and about heredity and the hereditary transmission of diseases in families. This paper begins with brief considerations of the historical confluences of, first, heredity and medicine, second, heredity and genetics, and third, genetics and medicine which, in a final section, leads to a discussion about a uniquely genetics-based approach to understanding heredity and disease in the second half of the twentieth-century. This paper argues that collective adjustments in understanding can best be understood against the background of changes in the conceptualisations of recurring patterns of disease in families from “related to heredity” to “related to chromosomes and genes,” and then, after 1970, in relation to the formation and institutionalisation of a new medical specialism, “medical genetics.” 3) Cyber-Tensions: Sex and the Bioinformatic Body - Steve Garlick, Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] It is commonly held that molecular biology has been enamored with discourses of information theory and cybernetics from its earliest days. Equally common is the belief that biological science has lost purchase on the complexity of embodied life as a result. This paper suggests, however, that when we examine the work of `cyberscience’ pioneers such as Edwin Schrödinger, Norbert Wiener, and Claude Shannon, we find an ambiguous embrace of complexity and freedom at the level of the living organism or cybernetic system, counteracted by a desire for order and determinism at the level of code or message. Moreover, these competing tendencies towards organicism and informatics feed into two central and interrelated tensions that inhabit modern biological thought. The first tension concerns the efforts of biologists to dispel vitalism and the specter of God underlying the natural order, while the second involves the concept of (hetero)sexual difference and its substitution for God as guarantor of biological knowledge. This paper makes the argument that sex is often an unrecognized point of articulation in attempts to resolve these tensions and, as such, is central to the potential of bioinformatic bodies. 4)Prigogine’s Episteme: Considering Irreversibility, Time, and Uncertainty in Sociology - Melissa K. Houghtaling, PhD Candidate, Queen’s University, [email protected] Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003) received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1977 for his research on thermodynamics and non-equilibrium systems. Classical physics is premised on determinism, certainty, timelessness, reversibility, equilibrium, and stability; non-equilibrium physics, on the other hand, recognizes irreversibility and the arrow of time in the emergence of phenomena in open systems. Contrary to classical dynamics, then, thermodynamics suggests that the future is not given. The possibilities, uncertainty, creativity, complexity, nonlinearity, non-equilibrium, and instability which define this worldview comprise a ‘new logic’ within the scientific community, one which Prigogine suggests is applicable to physical processes at all levels. This paper aims to contribute to this epistemological change inspired by Prigogine’s work by showing how irreversibility and the arrow of time are ontologically and epistemologically significant to the study of evolving processes at the social and individual (existential) level. While numerous postmodern and post-structural theorists have applied these terms metaphorically to social processes, this paper seeks to engage directly with these ideas as they have been conceptualized within the logic of thermodynamics. Finally, to demonstrate the significance of this new scientific rationality to sociology, this paper fleshes out the existential-phenomenological influence on Prigogine’s work, namely through his assertion that ideas of possibility and uncertainty in science ultimately bring to light the humanist aspect of science.
CSA066 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 13: 30 - Room/Salle TBA Accounting for Care - Organiser: Jacqueline Choiniere, York University [email protected] – Chair: Hugh Armstrong, School of Social Work, Carleton University, [email protected] - Discussant: Ivy Bourgeault, Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, [email protected] According to health-care management and the state, accountability within the health sector is increasingly synonymous with the monitoring and measuring of outcomes, indicators, lengths of stay, utilization rates and the like. This session seeks to examine the various tensions and contradictions experienced by those providing and those receiving care within these ostensibly more accountable health-care environments. Papers are welcomed that explore the experiences of health-care providers, with particular attention to the contexts of gender, class, race and age. These explorations could focus on the implications of enhanced accountability measures on providers’ practices, including their relationships with patients, other providers, and management. Also important are papers offering analyses of how this new accountability focus informs the relationships between patients and their families, as well as implications for the family relations and well-being of providers themselves. 1) Mis-counting: Emergencies of Care - Susan Braedley, PhD, Post Doctoral Research Fellow, CHRSF/CIHR Chair in Health Services and Nursing Research, York University, [email protected] This paper examines fire services’ rapidly increasing involvement in emergency medical care. In contrast to many health care services, fire services’ involvement in emergency response is characterized by a miscounting, in which health care needs get counted as emergencies. This miscounting has effects. This care falls outside of health care spending envelopes and is thus rendered invisible to analyses of health care system responsiveness or effectiveness. Second, certain kinds of health care needs get counted as emergencies, rather than as needs for on-going care. Third, in Ontario, fire services’ regulatory structures analyze this service delivery - which now makes up more than half of most professional fire services’ responses - through categories emanating from fire prevention and suppression services rather than through health care categories. This miscounting has effects for fire fighters, whose work in emergency health care is de-valued and rendered invisible, as well as for those to whom they respond. Based on ethnographic research with Toronto Fire Services, this paper details the “who, what, where and why” of fire services’ emergency medical response, suggesting that this health care provision and its miscounting are shaped in part by current tendencies in health care accounting. 2) “Dis-counting” Care: A cautionary tale - Jacqueline Choiniere, RN, PhD, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Faculty of
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 47 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Health,York University, [email protected] This paper focuses on registered nurses’ experiences of managerial forms, introduced into the health sector, as a component of neoliberal restructuring. Through an analysis of interviews with point-of-care registered nurses, the paper explores the tensions in how these standardized, numerically-based, forms of accountability, are being experienced on the ground as RNs work with and care for patients. The argument is made that instead of achieving a more accountable, effective or efficient system, this particular accountability path is threatening the integrity of the system, jeopardizing nurses’ ability to provide needed care within healthy, supportive work environments, and has set into motion a fundamental transformation of nursing practice. The documents of accountability, such as care pathways, link into the current preoccupation with statistical managerial information, and too often, displace nurses’ more embodied, holistic ways of knowing. Of added importance is the finding that although nurses are expressing concern about this loss, it is also changing their relations to patients and to one another and injecting a rationalized sensibility into their way of communicating and thus of knowing about patients and care that could threaten the future wellbeing of the profession. 3) The Impact of Regulation: How Calgary Midwives and Their Clients Negotiate Their Relationships - Diane Field, PhD Student, Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, [email protected] In this research, I explore the reality of regulated midwifery for Calgary midwives and their clients, highlighting both positive and negative aspects of regulation. Using in-depth, semi-structured interviews, I frame the analysis around a theoretical sample of women (n=21) who capture the heterogeneity of the midwifery community in Calgary. While the views of registered midwives and their clients are the principal components of this examination, the reflections of unregulated midwives and their clients are solicited to ascertain a more complete understanding of the reality and consequences of regulation, and the resulting possibility of the creation of tensions within the alternative birthing community. Findings indicate that regulation does appear to lead to restrictions in the birthing experience for mothers. Both the make-up of the registered midwives and the nature of care provided signal noteworthy changes in the midwife- client relationship and in the process of birthing. At the same time, the shifting composition of clientele of both registered and unregistered midwives appear to reflect changes felt with the implementation of regulation guidelines. My research reveals that the registered midwife and her clients must often struggle with pressures and stresses that are unique to regulation, occasionally challenging basic tenets of midwifery care. 4) Animals, the social and the constitution of therapeutic value - Eric Mykhalovskiy, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Sociology York University [email protected] and Rita Kanarek, M.A. Sociology, York University, [email protected] In this paper we draw on a text analysis of evaluation studies of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) to explore how companion animals are constituted as a therapeutic resource. AAT refers to the use of a variety of animals in settings as diverse as nursing homes, schools, prisons and dentist offices in a range of potential therapeutic practices. As AAT has grown in popularity, questions have been posed about its therapeutic benefit and new accountability demands have been placed on AAT practitioners. This paper focuses on AAT proponents' efforts to respond to such challenges through the mobilization of scientific research methods and the production of evidence about the effects of animals on humans. In the paper we trace the sources of problematization of AAT in biomedical and popular discourse. We also draw on a review of AAT evaluation studies published in Anthrozoos, arguing that AAT is constituted as therapeutic inasmuch as it can be demonstrated to act as a source of "the social." We explore the evidentiary and discursive mechanics of such forms of visibility and the tensions there-in. CSA067 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 13: 30 - Room/Salle TBA Policing, Regulation and Social Control – Organiser: Carrie B. Sanders, Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] – Chair: Stephanie Howells, McMaster University, [email protected] – Discussant: Jennifer L. Schulenberg, , University of Waterloo, [email protected] Policing and police practices take on a variety of shapes and forms across Canada. Policing and police practices range from community policing to the engagement in restorative justice programs. The present session explores the various approaches and styles of policing, regulation and social control operating in Canada. Specifically, the session calls for papers focused on: (1) images and perceptions of police and social control measures, (2) police-decision making and regulation, and, (3) the enforcement of formal and informal social control measures. 1) Framing Surveillance: The Media Conversation about Public-Area CCTV Surveillance in Canada - Sean P. Hier, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] The paper explores images and perceptions of public-area closed circuit television video surveillance (CCTV) in Canadian newspapers. The aim is to better understand the relationship between news discourse and public understandings about CCTV surveillance as an increasingly common policing and social control measure in the country. An analysis of several hundred news articles in 10 Canadian newspapers over a six-year period is presented. Analytical insights are gleaned from five research questions and interpreted in the context of an empirically based investigation of the establishment of video surveillance monitoring programs across the country. The findings allow for a more complete picture of how public understandings about CCTV surveillance are formed and how cultural understandings about CCTV surveillance emerge. 2) Good Cop, Bad Cop”: The Ontario Provincial Police and “Aboriginal Critical Incidents - Tia Dafnos, PhD candidate, York University, [email protected] The Ipperwash Inquiry appeared to have a significant impact on the Ontario Provincial Police. During the course of the Inquiry, the OPP engaged in reviews and reformulations of its approach to public order events – in particular those involving Aboriginal participants. This included new policies, training guidelines and specialized units aimed at facilitating cooperation between police and event participants/organizers. These changes appear to reflect the force’s adoption of a negotiation management approach. In contrast to an escalated force model in which police seek to quell events quickly using necessary force, negotiated management emphasizes cooperation among all involved parties with the goal of minimizing harm. Flexibility, discretion and on-going communication are key elements of this approach. This change however, occurs in the context of a concurrent paramilitarization of police forces, most evident in the adoption of intelligence-led policing frameworks and new technologies. This paper critically examines the OPP response to the Six Nations reclamation in Caledonia, and to the rail blockade near Deseronto as part of the 2007 National Day of Action to
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 48 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
demonstrate how negotiated management and paramilitarization are complementary trends that minimize police responsibility for the use of force by shifting it to protesters. 3) Youth, policing, and the governance of legitimacy - Dr. Jacqueline Kennelly, Post-doctoral Fellow, University of Cambridge, UK [email protected] This paper draws upon data from two separate research projects following two distinct groups of young people. The first is a study of youth activists engaged in work designed to challenge the state – specifically, anti-globalization, anti-poverty, anti-colonialism, and anti-war activists. The second follows street-involved youth within pre-Olympic Vancouver (host to the 2010 Winter Olympics). Although these two groups differ in many ways – the former largely white and middle class, the latter more ethnically diverse and entirely working class or working poor – each describe encounters with the police that bear a striking resemblance to one another. Specifically, this paper shall argue that their stories illustrate one manner in which policing functions within contemporary liberal democratic societies: that is, as a form of governance that reinscribes notions of the legitimate – or illegitimate -- person. Following Wendy Brown (2005), and Nikolas Rose (1999), I understand this function as being particularly pertinent to the neo-liberal state, where the subject is expected to follow norms of self-perfection that relieve the state of responsibility for citizen well-being. Young people, in particular, are culturally positioned as learners who must be carefully guided towards suitable degrees of self-regulation, in order to become legitimate citizens within contemporary (neo)liberal democracies. This paper explores the manner in which those who transgress these norms – through, for example, protesting in a manner deemed too ‘radical,’ or panhandling in the wrong location – encounter the regulatory processes associated with policing practices. 4) Policing Changes: Towards a contemporary understanding of police decision-making, discretion and legitimization - Chris Giacomantonio, MA Candidate, Sociology, Dalhousie University, [email protected] Based on a study of foot patrol (or ‘beat’) police officers in Halifax, NS, this paper examines how officers acted and viewed their actions in a unique urban setting. Using interviews and observation, the paper examines the outcome of the Halifax Regional Police Service’s newest management initiative, the Enhanced Community Response Model of policing. By comparing results from two adjacent policing districts in Halifax’s urban core, the study found that, within the bureaucratic and civic constraints of policing in Halifax, fundamentally different approaches to police service could exist on an almost street-by-street basis. In turn, the paper develops a conceptual model for understanding the process of front-line policing strategy formulation under a ‘new’ policing model such as the one found in Halifax. The paper further engages in a discussion, based largely on Ericson (2006, 2007) of the implications of this late-modern understanding of policing on the tension between policing by law and policing for order in the administration of justice.
CSA068 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 13: 30 - Room/Salle TBA The Sociology of Environmental Controversies and Disasters – Organiser and chair: Nathan Young, Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Ottawa – Discussant: Ralph Matthews, Professor of Sociology, The University of British Columbia Environmental controversies and disasters are becoming more frequent on a crowded planet. Globalization, complexity, and economic development are increasing the frequency and severity of environmental events. At the same time, communications technologies and emerging rights discourses (consumer rights, stakeholder rights, etc.) are lowering public tolerance for environmental risks and wrongdoing. These collisions – of global capitalism and democracy, institutions and activism – are of great sociological interest, not only to environmental sociologists but also to sociologists of politics, culture, and economy. The proposed session invites papers looking at a range of issues such as: the social construction of environmental issues, discursive struggles over controversial environmental ideas and propositions, industry-society relationships, environmental activism, disaster management, policy networks, and new institutionalism. 1) Survival in the New Frontier - Raymond Murphy, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] Opening up new frontiers by incorporating previously virgin territory into society and recombining biophysical processes exposes humans to dangerous new forces of nature. This study develops an approach that theorizes the internalization of nature rather than the end of nature as modern societies develop, arguing that the anthropocene epoch is characterized by a singularly intense interaction between human constructions and nature’s constructions. A counterweight is provided against two misleading oversimplifications in the cultures of modern societies: blind faith in technology and a romanticized representation of nature. The chronic and the acute, the slow-onset and the abrupt, environmental problems and disasters, nature’s hazards and socio-technological vulnerability are now coupled together in troubling new ways. The very interdependencies that make the modern system so efficient under normal forces of nature render it vulnerable i) to nature’s extreme disturbances which exceed expectations and ii) to incapacities of leaders and the population to make accurate sense of biophysical dynamics. This is as true for creeping environmental risks such as global warming as for sudden disasters triggered by extreme weather. Dependence on an electrical grid that rendered modern societies more susceptible to a disastrous disruption of essential infrastructures from freezing rain is the case investigated here. 2) Representation of Scientific Uncertainty about Anthropogenic Climate Change in Four Major Canadian Newspapers - Eric Dugas (lead author/presenter), Master’s student, Department of Sociology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] - Darryn DiFrancesco, Master’s student, Globalization and International Development, University of Ottawa, email: [email protected] - Nathan Young, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Ottawa, email: [email protected] This presentation will investigate different framings of scientific uncertainty in newspaper coverage of anthropogenic climate change (ACC). It is often assumed that uncertainty discourses are mobilized to cast doubt on the reality of ACC (an “uncertainty as critique” narrative – see Boykoff 2007). However, Zehr (2000) argues that scientists frequently mobilize uncertainty themselves as a way of maintaining expert-lay boundaries on issues of ‘public interest’ such as ACC. That is to say, uncertainty can be a claims-making activity for climate experts. By asserting the uncertainty of facts (for instance, using ‘ranges’ rather than figures, or calling for further study to address unanswered questions), scientists are making statements about their own authority – asserting that the ACC issue is
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 49 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
“science’s business”, “manageable using science”, and distinct from crass political considerations, thus reinforcing the identity schema of a “misinformed lay public” (a “managed uncertainty” narrative). Zehr also asserts that professionals working in the field of mass media newsmaking and commentary can become enmeshed in such activity. In sum, it is suggested that this owes primarily to newsmakers’ discursive “colouring” of articles’ content, the latitude they possess in terms of selecting and articulating source “voices” and the fact that they can express opinions that may be explicitly congruent with the “managed uncertainty” frame. Our primary objective will be to examine the prevalence of the “uncertainty as critique” versus “managed uncertainty” themes in several major Canadian daily newspapers from 1988-2008. The newspapers selected are: The Globe & Mail, The National Post, The Edmonton Journal, and The Calgary Herald. These sources have been selected to pursue a secondary question: whether variances in the prevalence and content of “uncertainty as critique” and “managed uncertainty” occur between the national media and the region of Alberta. Newspapers are important vehicles of public discourse. Given that the economic interests of the public in Alberta are more closely linked to the profitability of carbon-intensive industry (oil and gas), this study sheds some light on whether newsmakers’ perceptions of their publics’ interests have influenced their propensity of emphasizing uncertain science in the production and selections of articles. Articles from each newspaper will be selected using keyword relevancy (assisted by NVivo software (est. N=1000). Selected articles will be subject to manual coding and discourse analysis. 3) Minding the Commons in a Conflict Zone: Reframing Environmental Controversies in the Eastern Mediterranean - Stuart Schoenfeld, Professor and Chair, Department of Sociology, Glendon College, York University, [email protected] The conflicts between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon are not limited to issues of legitimacy, national rights and borders. These conflicts are also about control over scarce resources, particularly land and water. The disputes over water and land have extended to disputes over effluents, toxic waste and contaminated water, ground and air. In the dominant nationalist discourses in the region, environmental issues are framed as injustices, irresponsible acts, and crimes perpetrated by one side against another. This paper examines a regional environmental movement that reaches across national boundaries and frames environmental issues in a different way - as a potential tragedy of the commons unless the peoples in the region develop joint robust environmental management institutions. Several transboundary environmental civil society initiatives have been active since the 1990s. The paper describes their structure, outlook, achievements and challenges. Particular attention is paid to the challenge of frame alignment. Dominant nationalist discourses in the region do not align well with a discourse of a fragile regional ecosystem that requires robust transboundary institutions. On the other hand, a discourse of regional ecosystem fragility aligns well with the discourse of a global environmental crisis in which the Mediterranean will be particularly harshly impacted by climate change, and with the frames of some important international and transnational actors. 4) New Institutionalism as a useful tool to explore the role of Institutions in Community Adaptive Capacity - Kendra Isaac, MSc Rural Sociology, Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, [email protected] The literature on vulnerability to climate change has often identified institutions as constituting a chief element of adaptive capacity. This is because institutions establish the entitlements a person or population has to a given set of resources, as well as affecting the social and cultural capital present in a community. What is missing from this literature is a clear and comprehensive framework for studying the diverse ways that institutions influence adaptive capacity in a given context, as well as in a more general manner. New institutionalism is proposed as a potential theoretical tool to fill this methodological gap, and to begin a conversation about a broader approach to this field of study. This paper presents some insights gained from using new institutionalism in a comparative study examining two Alberta towns. These communities were chosen for comparison because they were anticipated to have very different sensitivities to the impacts of climate change in addition to diverse institutional capacities. This is based on their distinct size; populations of 12,039 versus 3,887, economic bases; staples-based versus a resort economy, and other distinctions.
CSA069 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 13: 30 - Room/Salle TBA Using Institutional Ethnography and the sociology of Dorothy E. Smith for research in education and the professions - Organiser: Suzanne Forgang Miller, PhD Candidate, ABD, Higher Education Group, Theory and Policy Studies in Education, OISE/UT, [email protected] - Chair: Linda Muzzin, Associate Professor, Higher Education Group, Theory & Policy Studies in Education, OISE/UT, [email protected] - Discussant: Dorothy E. Smith, Professor Emerita, Sociology & Equity Studies in Education, OISE/UT, Adjunct Professor, Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] This session invites papers that utilize Institutional Ethnography and the sociology of Dorothy E. Smith as methods of inquiry for research at the intersections of educational and professional settings. Such research may explore how fault lines, or disjunctures, result from textual practices that are not sufficiently responsive to the needs of students and others. Of interest is work that uses IE to unpack/uncover how settings operate textually in different ways, and how texts get picked up in different sites; for example, in educational policy development sites by decision-makers, versus educational work sites by teachers, administrators, and/or others in and around schools. Papers may extend IE methods to explore how practitioners across different settings can be brought into productive dialogue that respects and recognizes their distinct modes and forms of textual practices and communication. Papers may explore how practitioners within settings deploy IE as transformative praxis, or activist scholarship. The generative power of IE as a method of inquiry expands beyond closed academic silos into the everyday world, in multiple mutually beneficial ways. Papers may suggest various large/small ways in which IE serves as self-reflexive practice, to resist the ‘institutional capture’ of the ruling relations and/or to further equity. 1) Professionals acquiring graduate degrees: Navigating between different textual landscapes - Suzanne Forgang Miller, PhD Candidate, ABD, Higher Education Group, Theory & Policy Studies in Education, OISE/UT, s.miller@utoronto Using Institutional Ethnography and the sociology of Dorothy E. Smith as a method of inquiry, this paper discusses how professionals who return to the academy for graduate degrees effortfully bridge the gap or disjuncture between these two geographic and social settings. Professionals are experts in their own local settings and institutions but they have to make sense in the academic setting, and produce different kinds of texts and documents within recognizable academic discourses. Professionals may have difficulty translating what they know from a perspective local to an institution or setting into a dissertation. That transformation, bridging the gap, is their
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 50 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
task at the academy and constitutes actual work. Graduate schools seldom address the necessary organizational changes that facilitate graduate students’ program work. As an advocate/activist for graduate students and employing the standpoint of graduate students, the author uncovers crucial dimensions of existing and emerging alternative practices of course instruction, paper writing, conducting research and supervision through dialogue with graduate students, instructors and supervisors. 2) Ontario’s Success Story? Teachers’ Perspectives on the ‘Student Success Strategy - Lindsay Kerr, PhD Candidate, ABD Higher Education Group, Theory and Policy Studies in Education, OISE/UT [email protected] This paper uses IE to unpack the extra-local ruling relations of the Student Success Strategy (SSS) in Ontario, starting with secondary teachers’ experiences of the credit recovery policy. It uncovers the disconnect between their experiences and the official story in Levin, Glaze and Fullan (2008), ‘Results without Rancor or Ranking: Ontario’s Success Story,’ which promotes Ontario as a model of large- scale educational change, and presents a seamless strategic trajectory of ‘success.’ Teacher/participants experience a haphazard ‘change of tune’ that affects their everyday work and regulates teaching practice. An inter-textual analysis reveals an extensive network of ruling relations governed by a small ideological circle of education reformers. It shows the shift to so-called evidence-based policy that emanates from the federal level (Council of Ministers of Education Canada, Canadian Council on Learning, Canadian Language & Literacy Research Network) and extends internationally (No Child Left Behind in the US). Similar to education reforms globally, the SSS enforces centralized accountability measures that denigrate teachers’ professional expertise and stream students deemed ‘at risk’ into school-to-work programs. In my study, progressive-democratic teachers, who value social justice and equity in education, challenge education reformers’ neo-liberal accounting logic that reduces education to skills training for the marketplace. 3) New nurses negotiate power relations in community hospitals - Jacqueline Limoges, RN, PhD, Faculty, Health Sciences & Nursing, Georgian College, [email protected] New nurses in community hospitals attempt to activate the professional discourses of ‘caring’ and human sciences acquired during their professional education. However, the institutional responses and power relations within the hospitals introduce a different set of expectations, producing disjunctures and tensions for the nurses. The sociology of Dorothy E. Smith enables a detailed account of how ruling texts enter into and regulate nurses’ work. This analysis shows how nurses are regulated by the ruling apparatus of industrialized health care, discourses of efficiency and demands of biomedicine, all of which originate extra-locally, yet organize the everyday/every night work of the new nurses. Because the nurses are acutely conscious of how this extra-local concerting of their work alters their abilities to practice nursing within their preferred paradigm of caring, resistance is an important aspect of their practice. They resist in part by activating caring paradigm texts and their own form of professionalism that were cultivated during their education, while adhering to the institution’s framework of practice. Key to understanding the nurses’ struggles and the appropriation and subjugation of caring is unpacking the power relations and textual mediation integral to androcentric and neoliberal discourses of professions, managerialism, and biomedicine. 4) Food for thought: Enacting dietitians’ standpoint within the discourse of dietetics - Angela Cuddy, RD, PhD Candidate, Higher Education Group, Theory & Policy Studies in Education, OISE/UT, [email protected] A practicing registered dietitian since 1988, I educate the public on nutritional intake to promote enhanced health and disease prevention; I also instruct dietitians in both degree programs and clinical placements. I have been troubled by significant disjunctures in my field that have led me to PhD studies. As a dietitian, recently I have questioned a number of ‘givens’ within the profession, such as silence about ‘advances’ in food production practices. As an instructor, the curriculum I must follow has become more scientistic and less related to food production and preparation, which is a major concern for me. Using the perspective of dietitians and teachers of dietetics, I problematize the knowledge practices of dietitians through a focus on their local textual work and communication and the disjunctures they experience in those processes. Grounded in the experiential knowledge of dietitians, I extend the inquiry through reviews of professional guidelines, competency profiles, course outlines, and academic policies for the profession into the translocal sites of discourse production. The paper identifies possible intervention strategies for dietitians to improve their competency in the area of food production so that they may fully participate in public advocacy for safety in the farm-to-table distribution channel.
CSA070 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Identity and Belonging in Canada in the wake of the 21st century II– Organise and Chair: Amal Madibbo, Assistant Professor, Sociology Department, Calgary University, [email protected] – Discussant: Alana Butler, PhD Student, Department of Education Learning, Teaching, and Social Policy, Cornell University, [email protected] This session will explore various forms of identity that are emerging in Canada in the wake of the 21st century. It will consider the identities of numerous linguistic, racial, ethnic and immigrant communities. It will examine the impacts of globalization, diasporas and immigration; colonialism and postcolonialism; language, race and racialization on identities. The session will provide participants with the opportunity to develop important conceptual and empirical views about the formation and negotiation of identities, and to explore the implications of these processes for belonging and identification in the Canadian context. (See also CSA052) 1) The Complexity of Being and Belonging as South Asian Muslims in Montreal - Uzma Jamil, PhD student, ABD, Department of Sociology, Université du Québec à Montréal, [email protected] In the post 9/11 context, the polarizing war on terror discourse has reinforced us/them dichotomies in shaping identities, favoring simplified generalizations over the complexity of being and belonging, particularly for those of Muslim background or origin living in North America. This paper looks at the impact of this discourse on the identity of South Asian Muslims in Montreal and their constructions of self and other. It describes how people negotiate their identities as individuals and as members of a minority community in their daily social interactions with others, in a broader context where their belonging in Canadian society is challenged through dominant discourses about Muslims and terrorism. The paper details the varied responses of individuals, ranging from a mirroring of the dominant discourse and internalization of the negative global image of Muslims to a nuanced awareness of moral complexity in a vision of self and other. The results of this research highlight the interplay between the international political context and local identities, particularly between Muslim immigrants and the Canadian/Québécois host societies. 2) Racial Exceptionalism and CondemNation as Grammars of Canadian National Identity - Anke Allspach, PhD Candidate,
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 51 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Sociology Department, York University [email protected] The U.S. led War on Terror is widely constituted as a ‘state of exception’ within which a conflict between creating material and political conditions to achieve (inter) national security and suspending human rights has emerged. Within international security and risk paradigms mostly male Muslim and Arab looking populations are placed into racialized and gendered spaces that legitimize pre- emptive racial profiling, surveillance, detention, interrogation without legal warrants, deportations and torture of ‘enemy aliens’ (Canada) and ‘enemy combatants’ (U.S.). Particularly controversial and known for creating the deportable male Muslim citizen/ permanent resident across nation states is the practice of ‘extraordinary rendition’. This paper is a critical discourse and content analysis of the Arar Commission, examining how Canada has made sense of its complicity in the practice of rendition to torture (extra- ordinary renditions). By using the concepts of ‘sovereignty’ and ‘citizenship’ as fluid practices, I will show how the commission has re- affirmed Canadian white nationalism through (re-)constituting Canada’s national identity as a (neo-) liberal, self-reflective, just and non- racist nation by maneuvering anti-Muslim racism and ethno-racial violence into discursive regimes of racial exceptionalism and condemNation. 3) Who is Vincent Weiguang Li? The Edmonton Journal’s construction of the Greyhound Bus Murderer - Rebecca MacDonald, MA student, Sociology and Anthropology Department, Concordia University. [email protected] In the summer of 2008, the brutal murder and beheading of Tim MacLean by Vincent Weiguang Li aboard a Greyhound Bus captured the attention of the Canadian public and the world. This paper analyzes the contradictory narratives that emerge within the multiple frames of the Greyhound Bus murder: Canadians are expected to be community-oriented and protect one another, yet at the same time, individualistic and responsible for their own actions. Although Li was a Canadian citizen, his Chinese origins played a prominent role in the Canadian media’s construction of his persona. This paper investigates how Li was constructed as a social outcast, and essentially non-Canadian, within the Edmonton Journal’s news coverage. Throughout the discourse multiple frames have emerged, all of them relating to what it means to be Canadian, and how and why Vince Li failed to do so. By analyzing how Vince Li is ‘othered’ in the Canadian press, we can uncover the attitudes and expectations Canadian society has upon new Canadians and even Canadians in general.
CSA071 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA In and Out of Work in the Grim Economy II – Organiser: Ann Duffy, Professor, Brock University, [email protected] - Chair: Ann Duffy - Discussant: Daniel Glenday, Professor, Department of Sociology/Labour Studies, Brock University, [email protected] Recent economic events indicate that unemployment and restrictions on work alternatives will continue to grow as a pressing concern for many Canadians. Recent analyses have characterized the emerging economic order, both in Canada and globally, as the 'grim economy'. From this vantage point, the emphasis is on the deterioration in many of the employment possibilities confronting workers and the resultant negative outcomes for workers' personal, familial and community lives. Particular concern is often focused on the volatility of the employment relationship as workers increasingly confront unpredictable employment futures charactrerized by lay-offs, contract jobs, reduced employment hours as well as outright displacement. Submissions are invited to examine the impact of on-going shifts in employment patterns--for example, the expansion of contract, part-time, marginalized/ peripheralized, insecure jobs as well as unemployment--on the personal lives, families and communities of Canadians. Case studies and interview-based research are particularly welcomed. (See also CSA027) 1) Working Conditions of Same-Day Messengers: Independence and Insecurity in the New Economy - Norene Pupo, Director/Associate Professor, Centre for Research on Work and Society, York University, [email protected] and Andrea Noack, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] This papers examines the working conditions, labour process and employment relations experienced by same-day messengers working in downtown and metropolitan Toronto. The study is based on 143 semi-structured interviews conducted over a one-month period with bikers, drivers and walkers, working for small and primarily local companies. Despite their status as ‘independent contractors’ and the satisfaction they experience from their ‘freedom’ to structure their work days, these workers are among the precariously employed in non-standard jobs that characterize the new economy. Their income is relatively low, they have no benefits, they work long hours, and they are responsible for their vehicles, bikes and equipment. Many couriers confront daily the contradiction between their broker status and their dependency on the company and its dispatcher. Regardless of the drawbacks, couriers view this work as a fallback, at least providing access to paid work in a harsh economy. 2) Music for Musicians: How Metalheads Draw Class-Based Symbolic Boundaries - Diana Miller, Doctoral Student, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] Previous research has characterized heavy metal as working-class music, but the class-based component of heavy metal culture has not been systematically explored or explained. Using 7 pilot interviews with heavy metal fans and semi-professional musicians, I find that participation in metal culture is clearly related to respondents? position in the labour market. The metalheads interviewed here are downwardly mobile; they were raised in middle-class families, but now hold working-class, manual, or white-collar proletariat jobs that provide little or no opportunity for skill development or personal growth. For these metalheads, listening to and playing heavy metal music functions as a symbolic resource, or an alternative basis on which to identify themselves as skilled, creative, and self- actualizing. This symbolic positioning allows the respondents to define themselves as morally worthy according to the middle-class standards and expectations surrounding paid work with which they were raised. Furthermore, defining themselves as skilled and creative allows metalheads to draw symbolic boundaries against others who are in similar material and economic circumstances, but who are content with their low-skill, low-autonomy jobs. 3) Manufacturing Job Loss on the Canadian Prairies - Dave Broad, Faculty of Social Work, University of Regina, [email protected] Until the current global economic meltdown, we were told that the labour markets of Canada’s prairie provinces were booming. But, beyond the headlines is a story that is not being told. Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, not generally thought to be manufacturing provinces, have been losing higher paid unionized manufacturing jobs. Since the Prairies do in fact have a smaller proportion of good
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 52 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
manufacturing jobs than central Canada, loss of these jobs is a serious concern for regional workers and trade unions, especially with the current economic crisis. This paper presents preliminary data from research into the human costs of these job losses for workers, their families and communities.
CSA072 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Social Inequality II – Organiser and discussant: John Goyder, Department of Sociology, University of Waterloo [email protected] – Chair : Reza Nakhaie, Department of Sociology, University of Windsor. This session invites reports of current research on such topics within social inequality as status attainment modelling, social mobility analysis, the experiencing of inequality, measures of inequality, research on poverty, income distribution, ethnic stratification, and social class structure. Canadian society is the main, but not exclusive, intended focus. Approaches which are distributive or relational, quantitative or qualitative, are equally invited. (See also CSA049) 1) Adult education as social policy: not just a case of the rich getting richer - Karen Myers, PhD candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] Relatively few adults with low levels of initial education ever return to school to upgrade their credentials. This analysis uses longitudinal data to investigate who returns to school under what conditions of early and current socio-economic dis/advantage. My major finding is that while the well- established effects of family of origin socio-economic status on educational attainment do persist over the life course, an individual’s current labour market and family dynamics matter as well. Consistent with the human capital model, I find strong evidence that educationally disadvantaged individuals return to school to improve their labour market prospects. Current family resources play an enabling role, although the patterns are different for men and women. In addition, I confirm that Breen and Goldthorpe’s model of educational attainment can be extended to adult education. Among adults without parental exposure to post-secondary education, there is a strong positive relationship between individual tolerance for risk and the likelihood of returning to school. Taken together these findings challenge the cumulative disadvantage view of adult education as simply another mechanism that serves to widen inequality. I argue, instead, that human capital investment is a risk that some educationally disadvantaged adults take to improve their long term labour market prospects. 2) Regional differences in rural versus urban participation in post-secondary education in Canada - Dianne Looker, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Mount St. Vincent University, [email protected] This paper uses data from the younger cohort of the nationally representative Youth in Transition Survey (YITS), undertaken by Statistics Canada in 2000, with follow-ups every two years. These youth were 15 at the time of the initial data collection and were attending school in one of the ten Canadian provinces. Data from the first four cycles are examined to identify regional differences in the rural-urban gap in (a) participation in post- secondary education and (b) participation in university. Findings show that there are rural-urban differences in participation, and that these vary by region but, with the exception of Quebec, most differences can be accounted for by regional and rural-urban differences in the youth and their families. The impact of this gap and its sources for rural youth and rural communities is discussed. 3) Unequal social interactions based on mental health diagnoses: An analysis of the association that levels of contact and the attribution of responsibility have on the desire for social distance from the mentally ill - Amy Lynn Klassen, MA candidate, and Lisa Strohschein, faculty member, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] The stigma of mental illness has a profound impact on the lives of people with mental illnesses. I will be analyzing 12 questions from the 2007 Alberta Survey, a random sample of 1200 adult Albertans. My analysis will look at social inequality based on mental health labels by evaluating whether the levels of contact the general public have with and the attribution of personal responsibility they make toward people with mental health concerns predict the variation in the desire for social distance (level of social rejection) from the mentally ill. The goals of my research are to explore the social psychological process that influence a discriminatory behavioural orientations and to identify conditions under which the stigma of mental illness can be exacerbated or alleviated. Since the stigma of mental illness, as one expression of social inequality, continues to disadvantage people who have psychiatric diagnoses, this paper will provide valuable insights into how the dynamics of the stigma concept work in the general public. As part of the analysis I also evaluate the impact that age, gender, education, income, location of residence, and ethnicity have in the desire for social distance from the mentally ill. 4) Intersectionality: A synergistic model to ameliorate social inequality in Canada - Elizabeth McGibbon, Faculty of Science, St. Francis Xavier University, [email protected] Qualitative and quantitative evidence of the social determinants of health in Canada demonstrate the powerful synergies of identities such as race, social class, age and gender in producing and maintaining social inequality. This paper explores the contemporary notion of intersectionality and the ways that it can inform the study and amelioration of social inequality. The case is made for a synergistic, rather than additive model of intersectionality, with specific emphasis on social class, race, and gender-based social inequality. The paper concludes with recommendations for the policy-based amelioration of social inequality in Canada.
CSA074 - Open discussion/Discussion ouverte Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 13: 30 - Room/Salle TBA Author meets Critic: Political Institutions and Lesbian and Gay Rights in the United States and Canada (Routledge, 2008) - Author: Miriam Smith, School of Public Policy and Administration, York University, [email protected] - Organiser: Karen http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 53 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Stanbridge, Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] Chair – Ailsa Craig, Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] Critics and Commentators: Barry Adam, University Professor of Sociology, University of Windsor; Judith Taylor, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] Tina Fetner, Department of Sociology, McMaster University, [email protected] Lesbian and gay citizens today enjoy a much broader array of rights and obligations and a greater ability to live their lives openly in both the U.S. and Canada. However, while human rights protections have been exponentially expanded in Canada over the last twenty years, even basic protections in areas such as employment discrimination are still unavailable to many in the United States. In her book, Miriam Smith examines why these similar societies have produced such divergent policy outcomes, focusing on how differences between the political institutions of the U.S. and Canada have shaped the terrain of social movement and counter-movement mobilization. Her book analyzes cross-national variance in public policies toward lesbians and gay men, especially in the areas of the decriminalization of sodomy, the passage of anti-discrimination laws, and the enactment of measures to recognize same-sex relationships. For political science, sociology, and queer studies alike, this book will prove vital as movements for lesbian and gay rights continue to recast the social landscape in North America and beyond.
WEDNESDAY MAY 27 – MERCREDI 27 MAI – 15:15 – 16:45
CSA075 - Plenary session/Séance plénière Wednesday/Mercredi 27 - 15:15 - 16:45 - Room/Salle TBA Knowledge Mobilization and the Canadian Community Organiser - Responsable: Dr. Harley Dickinson - Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, CSA President-Elect - Sociologie, Université de la Saskatchewan, Président désigné de la SCS. This plenary session focuses on how to best mobilize and use the accumulated knowledge and experience of social sciences and humanities researchers, the findings from specific social sciences and humanities research, and the accumulated knowledge and experience of stakeholders concerned with social, cultural, economic and related issues. Speakers: Chad Gaffield, president of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), président du Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines (CRSH) [email protected] - Gisele Yasmeen, vice-president, partnerships (SSHRC), vice-présidente, Partenariats (CRSH) [email protected] - Craig McNaughton, Senior Program Officer - Strategic Grants and Joint Initiatives Division (SSHRC), Agent principal de programme - Division des subventions stratégiques et des initiatives conjointes (CRSH) [email protected]
Chad Gaffield, president of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Chad Gaffield, président du Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada (CRSH)
WEDNESDAY MAY 27 – MERCREDI 27 MAI – 17:00
Reception of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology of Carleton University at the Loeb Building Lounge TIME: 5pm-7pm LOCATION: Loeb Lounge, 2nd floor Loeb Building (closest to the University Drive entrance to the building). DETAILS: bar service (one free drink ticket for CSA delegates available at the CSA table, additional drinks for purchase - cash only). http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 54 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
followed at 19:30 by The CSA Grad Delegate Social WHERE: The Georgetown Pub, 1159 Bank St., Ottawa WHEN: Wednesday, May 27th @ 7:30pm DETAILS: This event is a chance for graduate students in Sociology to meet up with other grad delegates from different universities.
THURSDAY MAY 28 – JEUDI 28 MAI – 09:00 – 10:30
CSA077 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Fatherhood in Canada - Theoretical and empirical considerations – Organiser: David Long, Professor, Sociology, The King's University College, [email protected] - Chair: Andrea Doucet, Associate Professor, Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] - Discussant: David Este, Professor, Social Work, University of Calgary, [email protected] In this session we invite theoretical or empirical papers that examine the place of fatherhood and/or the experience of fathers in Canada. Proposed papers may explore theoretical developments in men's studies as they relate to fatherhood and/or empirical examination of the experiences of fathers in general or the circumstances and experiences of fathers from particular population groups. Papers providing comparative analysis of the above in Canadian and international contexts are also welcome. 1) Gay Men and Parenting Practices: The Everyday Lived Experience of Gay Fathers - Anna Wilk, Graduate Student, Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] Qualitative in-depth and semi-structured questions were asked of the participants in order to find out about the daily lived experiences of gay fathers. The questions were open-ended which permitted room for discussion and elaboration. Grounded theory allowed the formulation of analytical codes and categories. What became evident throughout the interview process is that being a part of an alternative family form resulted in the isolation and marginalization of gay men. The men in the study stated that they felt displaced from both the parental realm and the gay community which forced them to compartmentalize their lifestyle. As a result of their sexual orientation, they were deemed inadequate to be the primary care givers of their children. This was also attributed by the men interviewed to our current 'mommy-dominated' world where women, because of their assumed natural nurturing abilities, are viewed as the only ones who can properly rear children. Related to both gendered and heterosexist constructions were particular ideas about the nuclear family that further constrained these men’s experiences. What is supported in this paper is the fact that parenthood is a social construct within which particular construction of gender and sexuality prevail. The men in the study found that by not adhering to the role definition of heterosexual breadwinner and secondary parent, they were further isolated and denied social acceptance for their desire to parent. The fathers in this study, however, were also actively challenging gendered and heterosexist understandings of parenthood and traditional notions of families by not adhering to the socially constructed roles that men are expected to ascribe to. Fathers resisted stereotypes, developed strategies, found positive aspects of gay fatherhood and made it work. Both the constraints experienced by gay fathers as well as the challenges they posed are explored in this paper. 2) A Comparison of Outcomes and Experiences of Non-custodial Mothers and Fathers: Implications for Socio-legal Policy - Edward Kruk, Associate Professor, Social Work, The University of British Columbia, [email protected] In a study comparing non-custodial fathers' and mothers' perspectives on social institutional responsibilities to constructively engage and support non-custodial parents in the fulfillment of their parental responsibilities in relation to their children's needs after parental separation, mothers emphasized the harmful effects of existing child custody law and policy to a greater degree than fathers, noting the salience of family violence as a key variable in child custody determination, although their perspectives on needed reforms in this arena paralleled those of fathers. The presentation will critically examine diverse perspectives regarding a shared parenting responsibility presumption in law in the context of family violence and legal abuse. 3) The Practice of Involved Fathering - Judith Beglaubter, PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] Since the 1980s researchers report the emergence of a cultural shift in expectations surrounding fatherhood as women have increasingly entered the workforce and men have been expected to share in household and childcare responsibilities. Although much research suggests that men are failing to measure up when compared to women, studying fatherhood through this lens obscures aspects of fathering which cannot be captured in this way, such as how men practice fathering and conceive of their involvement. Thus new ways of theorizing about fathers’ approaches to parenting are needed. This research illustrates how Patricia Yancey Martin’s (2003) twin concepts of “gender practices” and “practicing gender” can be applied to fathers who identify as involved. This approach enables consideration of both the structured and agentic aspects which shape the practice of involved fathering, as illuminated through the narratives of 19 Toronto-area fathers. More importantly it allows for an exploration of reflexivity, an aspect which is missing in Yancey Martin’s analysis, by looking at the ways these men make sense of their involvement and understand their fathering as a project. In doing so, an elaborated model of transformation to the dominant gender system is proposed.
CSA078 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Culture and immigrant/ethnic related outcomes - Organiser: Monica Boyd, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] Chair: Patrizia Albanese, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] Discussant: TBA This session presents papers that focus on various aspects of culture that influence outcomes, or are implicated in outcomes for ethnic and immigrant groups. 1) Evaluating innovative practice in mental health: A dialogue between cultural communities, practitioners, and the mental http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 55 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
health system - Elin Moorlag, Post Doctoral Researcher, Centre for Community Based Research, Kitchener, Lecturer, Renison University College, University of Waterloo, [email protected] Joanna Ochocka, PhD, Executive Director, Centre for Community Based Research, Kitchener, [email protected] Mental health organizations in Canada have been struggling to respond to their new multicultural reality. Western-trained service providers and program planners often do not understand the culturally specific meanings attached to mental illness. As a result, many cultural groups lack access to effective mental health services. This presentation will feature the Taking Culture Seriously in Community Mental Health research collaborative that involves over 40 community and academic partners in Ontario. The purpose of this five-year (2005-2009) Community University Research Alliance is to explore, develop, pilot and evaluate how best to provide mental health services that are effective for people from culturally diverse backgrounds. The project’s three phases are the following: 1) exploring diverse conceptualizations of mental health/illness, 2) developing culturally effective practice, 3) evaluating demonstration projects. The project is currently in its third and final phase whereby demonstration projects are underway in the Waterloo and Toronto Regions and evaluating these demonstration projects has begun. Out of the research collaborative, an evaluation framework was developed which deviates from the traditional methods used to evaluate “outcomes” in health research. In this presentation, the evaluation framework will be presented, and discussed in the context of multiculturalism and care, and the many challenges that emerge when bridging innovative practice and accountability within mental health practice. 2) Maintenance or Loss? The Use of Non-official Languages by Second and Third-Plus Generation Canadians - Stella Park, Ph.D. student, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected], Monica Boyd, Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto [email protected] and Ann Kim, [email protected] This study examines degree of linguistic assimilation (mother tongue and retention of mother tongue) among adults who are children of immigrants from various ethnic origin backgrounds in Canada. Multivariate analysis of the 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey show that heritage language retention is influenced by standard family of origin characteristics, ethnic diversity, and linguistic repertoire of parents. Our findings demonstrate large ethnic variations exist in the probability of having a non-official language as mother tongue: age and mother’s highest level of education are their strongest predictors. As well, the probability of retaining non-official language also shows ethnic variations by generational status; the language spoken with parents while growing up is the most important determining factor of their retention. Our findings suggest that there is declining and uneven maintenance of mother tongue by immigrant generational groups. In addition, parent’s first language is the most important determining factor, rather than parental ethnic ancestry in explaining the maintenance of non-official language in the entire adult population. 3) Educational Attainments of Immigrant versus Canadian-Born Youth Residing in Western Canadian Provinces - Parvinder Hira-Friesen, MA Student, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] According to Statistics Canada’s 2006 census, there are 527,030 immigrants residing in Alberta. Previous research in the area of post- secondary educational enrolment suggests that visible minority immigrants are more likely to pursue higher education than are Canadian-born youth. In 2000, about 79% of visible minority immigrants hoped to go to university, compared with 57% of their Canadian-born non-visible minority counterparts (Krahn and Taylor, 2006). We might expect PSE enrolment outcomes for visible minorities and immigrants to be different in Alberta since immigration to this province is not as high as the three gateway cities. This study finds, however, that enrolment rates on the factors of parental encouragement and grades to be strikingly similar to studies conducted outside Alberta. Furthermore, immigrant youth choosing to pursue other forms of PSE such as apprenticeships and technical diplomas is significantly higher than their Canadian-born counterparts.
CSA079 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Sociology of Science II – Organiser: Bill Leeming, Faculty of Liberal Studies, Ontario College of Art & Design, [email protected] Chair - Shelley Z. Reuter, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, [email protected] Discussant: TBA Papers are invited that fall under the stand-alone category of Sociology of Science (SS) or interdisciplinary “Science and Technology Studies” (STS). Particularly welcome are papers that deal with the methodological and epistemological challenges which come with studying scientific practices or science policy from a sociological perspective. For example, paper topics may range from the role that social factors play in scientific development to the social organization of “styles” of scientific thought. Topics may also raise questions of legitimacy and public involvement in scientific decision-making. (See also CSA065) 1) The Re-Invention of Grand Theories of Science/Scholarship - Marion Blute, Associate Professor, Sociology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, [email protected] and Paul Armstrong, PhD Candidate, University of Toronto, [email protected] In the mid-twentieth century, the reigning understanding of the scientific/scholarly process, logical positivism, melted under Quine’s (1951, 1960) attack on the analytic-synthetic distinction and his embrace of a “naturalized epistemology” (1969) as well as Kuhn’s (1962) historical analysis of revolutions in science. In roughly the same period, the sociology of science was institutionalized by Robert K. Merton and Warren O. Hagstrom in the U.S.A. and Joseph Ben-David in Israel and their students. Beginning with the advent of the strong programme of the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) in the United Kingdom in the 1970's (e.g. the works of David Bloor, Michael Mulkay, Harry Collins and Barry Barnes) there has been a great deal of fragmentation in science studies as evidenced by reviews of the field (e.g. Hess 1997, Yearley 2005, Sismondo 2008, Restivo and Croissant 2008). Yet general theories of the scientific/scholar process continue to be produced. This paper reports on an analysis of the texts of and interviews with some currently prominent sociologists and sociologically-minded philosophers of science with a view towards assessing the compatibility of their theories and attempting to answer the question of whether or not a new, general theory of the scientific/scholarly process is emerging. 2) Interrogating the “Gold Standard”: The relationships between evidence-based medicine, medicalization, and healthism with respect to the Cochrane Collaboration - Kasia Tolwinski, MA Candidate in Sociology, Concordia University, [email protected] Healthism is an analytic term used to describe the phenomenon or movement of increased consciousness of health-related issues, a sense of responsibility to craft oneself in accordance to specific health standards, and a distrust of the medical community (Crawford 1980, 365). In this paper, I argue that the Cochrane Collaboration desires to streamline the harmful effects of healthism on the medical
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 56 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
industry without removing the positive aspects of this neoliberal project of responsibility. The goal of the organization is aligned with the medicalization movement as it promotes health as the locus of normal subjectivity, and seeks to make health concerns the priority of our culture. The organization strives to restore trust in the doctor and to alleviate some individual responsibility by narrowing down health choices to ones that are supported by specific types of scientific evidence. I conclude that the organization seeks to counteract the negative effects of healthism through reifying particular types of scientific inquiry. In doing so, they are better equipped to make knowledge claims, however, this has the effect of negating patient experience and other types of knowledge. Overall, I argue that though the Cochrane Collaboration wants to re-establish trust by increasing the certainty of medical knowledge and the effectiveness of health interventions, it will be unable to remove the tendency towards healthism. 3) Constructing the ‘Normal’ in Allopathic and Holistic Health Practices - Catherine Tuey, PhD Student, Department of Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] In the sociology of science literature, the topics of health and medicine are often taken up as key intersections between objective science and subjective experience. The concept of the “normal” is central to understanding the body as an object of scientific inquiry as well as the construction of what is deemed ‘healthy’ in different social contexts. This paper explores the relationship between the concepts of normality and health. The widespread application of the concept “normal” is problematic because it infers that the concept itself is static. With the increased popularity of holistic health practices however, what has traditionally been considered “normal” in standard allopathic practices is called into question. This presentation will focus on the construction of the normal as fluid and relational to the "pathological." This will then be applied to the construction of allopathic medicine through professionalization and quantification, and holistic health practices through religious, traditional (‘natural’) and social understandings of the body.
CSA080 - Panel (no call for paper) /Panel (pas d'appel) - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Racism in the Canadian University: Demanding Social Justice, Inclusion, and Equity - Joint Session with the CAG (Canadian Association of Geographers) - Séance conjointe avec l'ACG (Association canadienne des géographes) Organiser: Carol Tator, York University, [email protected] - Chair: Camille Hernandez-Ramdwar, Ryerson University - [email protected] - Discussant: Frances Henry, Professor Emerita, York University, [email protected] This panel is comprised of some of Canada’s leading scholars in the emerging field of racism in the Canadian Academy. All the participants are contributors to Henry and Tator's edited book now in press called “Racism in the Canadian University: Demanding Social Justice, Inclusion and Equity” (U. of T. Press, May 2009). The participants will explore how Whiteness continues to deny Indigenous and racialized students and faculty access and equity in Canadian universities. Drawing on empirical studies as well as personal experiences, the participants will discuss the daily struggle to find a safe place within the classroom, among peers, colleagues, and administrators that often leads to a hostile and oppressive learning and working environment. Whiteness is reflected in absence of substantive and critical assessments of the ways, in which administrative policies and practices have, to a significant extent, failed to address the issues of marginalization and systemic inequity. The participants posit that the role and effectiveness of academic education in the 21 Century depends on significant shifts in the cultural, structural, epistemological and pedagogical models and approaches that historically and currently typify our institutions of higher learning.
1) Now you see them, How You See Them: Women of Colour in the Academy - Audrey Kobayashi, Queen's University, [email protected] Women of colour in Canadian academia are notable for being unseen. Androcentric and Eurocentric values, supported by the power of “old white boys” networks have kept women of colour out of the academy very effectively. Recent commitments to equitable hiring practices on the part of most Canadian universities, and proactive employment equity policies in some cases, may have resulted in some increase in the rate of hiring, but progress is slow both because it takes a long time to change attitudes, and because adverse effects work throughout the system. Even when women of colour are present in the academy, they experience the effects of racism through the practice of whiteness. A whiteness lens makes it very difficult for the majority to see or understand the experiences of women of colour. Four practices of whiteness that define the experiences of women of colour are denigration, deflection, exotification, and guilt. 2) Doing Academia Differently: Confronting Whiteness in the University - Patricia Monture Angus, University of Saskatchewan [email protected] In this paper Patricia Monture reflects on the many lessons of survival she has learned since she began her university teaching in 1989. Monture suggests that the collective experience of Aboriginal people in universities is still about lived oppression of indigenous ways of being and knowing. She describes, in some detail, how her positioning as an Indigenous scholar in the university was often seen as problematic. Her analysis indicates how the rules and traditions governing promotion and tenure decisions were used against her in ways that led to a denigration of her experience and her research. Monture states that the processes of tenure and promotion largely depend on counting refereed papers and books, whereas for her and most Aboriginal scholars the emphasis should be on publishing in venues that are accessible to Aboriginal people. She argues that in the university there is an unwillingness to place an individual’s accomplishments in the context of recognition of gender, race /culture, and class, and then taking account of these identities and experiences. 3) On the Effectiveness of Anti-Racism Policies in the Canadian University: Issues of Implementation of Policies by Senior Administrators - Enakshi Dua, York University [email protected] In a recent preliminary investigation of anti-racism university policies and praxis Enakshi Dua raises the question as to how effective such policies and practices have been in addressing the many forms of individual and systemic racism. Her analysis is informed by reviewing policies and mission statements of thirty-seven Canadian universities, as well as telephone interviews with a number of directors of human rights and equity offices in these universities. Her study demonstrates the difficulties in creating and implementing policies designed to develop structural change. She found that most Canadian universities have developed some form of policies to http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 57 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
address racism within the academy, including employment equity, anti-harassment policies and clauses, and anti-racism workshops. Most universities surveyed had structures within the university which validated the need to address racism. However, from the perspectives of human rights and equity officers that she interviewed, these policies and interventions had a limited effect on actually addressing racism. Dua identifies a number of limitations in the construction of and implementation of these policies. The most powerful barrier is the unwillingness of senior administrators to address systemic and structural racism.
CSA081 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA The Shape of Religion Today - Organiser and discussant: Holly Thomas, PhD Candidate, Carleton University, [email protected] - Chair: Augustine SJ Park, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] Although secularization proponents originally predicted an eventual demise for religious institutions, we continue to see evidence of its cultural persistence. Instead of visiting this broader secular-religion debate, this session welcomes papers exploring the complexities of contemporary forms of religion and spiritualities. Papers on a wide variety of relevant topics are welcome with particular interest in those concerning religion and media. 1) Restless Gods and Restless Youth: An Update on the Religious Situation in Canada - Reginald W. Bibby, Faculty, Board of Governors Research Chair, Sociology, University of Lethbridge, [email protected] In this paper, the author draws on the findings of a major new national youth survey to examine the extent to which religion and spirituality persist in the lives of Canadian young people. The input of more than 5,000 teenagers is examined, including an unprecedented comparative subsample of more than 600 Aboriginals residing on reserves across the country. The findings point to the growing polarization of young people when it comes both to participation in organized religion and the embracing of traditional beliefs. Across much of the country, large numbers of teenagers continue to exhibit fairly conventional forms of religious interest and commitment. However, particularly in the case of Quebec and Aboriginal teens, there is strong tendency to detach themselves from Christianity, and to opt, respectively, for no religion and Aboriginal spirituality. What remains intriguing is that, regardless of their current choices and inclinations, almost all Canadian young people fly in the face of secularization predictions in remaining open to greater involvement in organized religion – if they can find that such involvement is meaningful and worthwhile. 2) Lord Make Me Over': Women, Ideology and the Phantasmagoric Spectacle of Cosmetic Surgery - Fiona Whittington-Walsh, PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, York University, [email protected] This work focuses on the intersection between the ideology of the ‘Christian Right’ with its Christian common sense aesthetic and the ideology of commodity fetishism, both of which are materialized on and through the cosmetically transformed body. This work contends that media representations of cosmetic surgery are driven by an ideology of the Christian Right most significantly salvation through rebirth. Further, this ideology is subsequently reinforced and articulated within the language utilized by surgeons and from patients and potential patients. This in turn plays directly into the patriarchal, capitalist agenda for maximizing profits by reifying mythical notions of ideal beauty and facilitating female submission into traditional gender roles. Female submission and domination are instrumental to not only the maintenance of the capitalist economic system but also to traditional Christian fundamentalist values and beliefs, therefore creating a disturbing, yet lucrative partnership between the seemingly contradictory forces. As Weber argued in, The Protestant Ethic, the assurance of salvation is believed to be found within working hard. Cosmetic surgery has replaced this by materializing salvation through rebirth through the process of physical transformation. All of which becomes possible through consumption. This creates a new form of class division; one that is concretely marked on the body. By examining the cultural discourse surrounding cosmetic surgery, with its emphasis on the fundamentalist ideology of salvation through transformation, it becomes apparent that the ideological rhetoric of the Christian Right has become the dominant culture within western, patriarchal capitalist society.
CSA082 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA A Sociological Analysis of Sociology - Organiser: Ping-Chun Hsiung, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] - Chair: TBA - Discussant: TBA This session invites theoretical or empirical papers that examine the development of sociology in Canadian and international contexts. The session facilitates discussion on issues such as: how a specific subfield and/or practice in sociology emerges and develops; how a particular epistemology and/or methodology comes to define and shape the development of sociology; and how a sociological curriculum is developed and delivered. It particularly welcomes papers that compare and contrast trends and patterns over time and/or across national boundaries. 1) Qualitative Research in Maoist China and Beyond - Ping-Chun Hsiung, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] This paper examines the development and politics of qualitative research in China. Calling upon historical documents, I illustrate how a particular form of qualitative research was advocated to advance socialist revolution during the Maoist era. It discusses the effect of such an application on the subsequent development of Qualitative Research in Chinese Sociology since it was re-instated as an academic discipline in the late 1970s. Furthermore, it analyzes the implications of such a historical trajectory for the introduction in recent years of Western-based Qualitative Methods. 2) From George Herbert Mead to Herbert Blumer: the Disappearance of Society in Symbolic Interactionism - Jean-François Côté, Department of Sociology / Université du Québec à Montréal, [email protected] The foundation of symbolic interactionism by Herbert Blumer in the late 1930s drew to a large extent from George Herbert Mead’s sociological insights, and more particularly from his theory of the social self as it appears in his posthumous book Mind, Self & Society. Yet this passage from Mead to Blumer is far from being unequivocal for sociological analysis, since it entailed an interpretation that shifted the emphasis of Mead’s theory of the self embedded into a societal structure and context to Blumer’s empirical analysis of inter- individual practices. In this passage, any reference to “society” as a structural and contextual component of the self virtually disappeared, clearing the way for a very restrictive understanding of social relations. In this paper, we go back to Mead’s definition of
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 58 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
the social self, as it can be schematized according to its full analytical implications, and compare it to the much narrower scope of Blumer’s symbolic interactionist analytical perspective, in order to show what is left behind the latter’s presumed application of the former’s theory. We propose that symbolic interactionism of a Blumerian type has to take into account a fuller picture of the “social self” in order to deepen its analytical possibilities. 3) TBA 4) TBA
CSA083 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Social Networks and Sociology – Organiser: TBA - Chair and discussant: Alexander Shvarts, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Toronto Papers must take a network-based perspective, but may address any topic of sociological relevant. They may focus primarily on the structure or composition of social networks or they may use a social network perspective to investigate another substantive area. For example, papers may use networks to study community, work, technology use, education, inequality, crime, policy, social movements, organizations, culture, gender, race and ethnicity, or other topics of sociological interest. 1) The Invisible College Development of Science Studies - Kyle Siler, Cornell University, [email protected] This paper adds the concepts of strategy, competition and risk to Merton’s notion of scientific reward structures. When intellectually or socially positioning one’s work within and between the vast expanse of ecologies in academia, scholars make strategic tradeoffs between breadth, depth and the virtues and vices of centrality, structural holes, optimal marginality and peripherality. The incentives are determined in part by the social and technical organization of fields, and the various subfields, disciplines and interdisciplines which both demarcate and intersect scholarly boundaries. Further, network positioning influences the intellectual viewpoints and creativity of scholars. While scholars compete for eminence and priority in these social spaces, they also co-operate to some degree, in order to provide the material and reference points for strategic bricolage. The case study of the nascent academic community of Science and Technology Studies (STS) is analyzed via its major journal, Social Studies of Science. Document co-citation and co-occurrence networks are used to analyze the development of ideas in STS, in addition to the network properties conducive to high citation counts, and how they have changed over the development of the scholarly community. Theoretical implications for sociology and information science alike are discussed. 2) Making Connections: Critical factors in the deployment of social capital by job helpers in the employment seeking process - Bryan Radeczy, University of Toronto, [email protected] Research in the area of social capital and its utilization in the employment seeking process has focused on the perspective of the job seeker. There is a need, however, to advance new theoretical understandings from the standpoint of job helpers. The means, motive, and opportunity for providing job help are seen as critical in this respect. In this paper, I argue that the social location of the job helper and the size and diversity of this person’s network have a significant effect on the amount of job finding assistance provided to others. I contend that individuals with supervisory roles, possessing high levels of occupational prestige, and working in the private sector have greater means available to provide job support. Furthermore, I argue that individuals with a greater number of close friends in the workplace, and weak tie relationships in any social context are more likely to receive requests for job assistance and to act on those requests in helping others. These relationships are tested using data from the 2001 ISSP Social Networks II survey for Canada and four other western, Anglophone, industrialized nations. In Canada, supervisory status and private sector employment have an initial positive effect on the frequency of helping others find employment. Working in jobs with high occupational prestige, however, is found to have no significant impact. The effects of supervisory status and private sector employment are also rendered non-significant when all social network measures are included.
CSA084 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Hegemonic Nationalism - Organiser: Slobodan Drakulic, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] - Chair: Trevor Harrison, University of Lethbridge, [email protected] - Discussant: Philippe Couton, Department of Sociology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] This session welcomes theoretical and case studies of nationalism in power and its relationship with civil society. The focus is on interactions between hegemonic nationalisms and civil society, and ways in which they affirm, obstruct or contradict one another. 1) In the Wake of a Captured State - Ivanka Knezevic, University of Toronto, [email protected] The paper assesses Serbian sociological writing on perspectives for change in the political system of that country, whose post-socialist transformation was crucially influenced by foreign intervention. Contrary to declared intentions of intervening forces, this had solidified the position of post-socialist (and not pro-capitalist) elite and led to a form of "arrested" transformation. This situation changed in 2008, when a pro-capitalist, pro-Western party formed the government. This should mean that Serbia is no longer a "captured state" controlled by a post-socialist elite. However, two crucial elements of state maintenance remain unaffected: the basic processes of elite transformation, and the presence of numerous non-viable political parties with unstable support. The situation is complicated by the ongoing sale of state assets to both Western and Russian companies, whose governments continue to intervene. Serbian situation now resembles the early chaotic privatisation ("piratisation") in Russia of the mid-1990s. A two-pronged erosion of social citizenship - by domestic and foreign neo-liberal forces - goes on. Given the central salience of inequality and social citizenship, as well as the participation of right-wing nationalists in the current state structures, the resurgence of unbridled right-wing nationalism (which some Western commentators fear) is unlikely. 2) Constructing 'ethnic capacities' in American multiethnic nation-building - James Kennedy, University of Edinburgh, [email protected], and Lilliana Riga, University of Edinburgh [email protected] This paper examines elite understandings of American ethnic and race relations at the turn of the twentieth century, a crucial period in the re-definition of American multiethnic/racial nationhood. In academia, in policy circles, and in emerging think tanks and philanthropic foundations, new identity categories were devised, creating what we term 'ethnic capacities'-cultural, economic, and physical attributes combined to form measures of potential assimilability and 'Americanness'. These formed the basis of ethnic and racial hierarchies, and http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 59 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
assumptions about social mobility, and found policy expression in immigration laws, Americanization programmes of assimilation, and various racialized exclusions of Asians and African Americans; constructions of a cultural 'whiteness' became constitutive to conceptions of American nation-building. More specifically, we explore the emergence of understandings of 'ethnic capacities' three related fields: the Chicago School's sociologists developing theories of assimilation, policymakers' and Progressives' Americanization efforts, and the work then funded by think tanks and philanthropic foundations, such as Carnegie and Rockefeller. Competing claims emerged on to how to re-define-or protect-an increasingly contested American identity in the face of diverse democracy. And we argue that, with the construction of 'ethnic capacity' measures, class challenges mattered to multiethnic nation-building just as much as ethnicity. 3). Academic Nationalism - Slobodan Drakulic, Ryerson University, [email protected] The content of this paper is narrower and broader than its title: narrower, because it mainly focuses on the studies of nationalism, not any field of academic work; broader, because it addresses nationalism, as well as ethnocentrism, patriotism and supranationalism in academic and non-academic works. A more precise title would have turned up rather long, so I settled for "Academic Nationalism" as more piquant. I argue that studies in nationalism have hitherto often echoed their subject matter - defined after Carlton Hayes as a mixture of ethnocentrism and patriotism - instead of critically analysing it. This is exemplified by the empathy many authors reserve for their ethnos, nation or region, and withhold it from the non-preferred others. I back my argument by evidence from the selected works of authors influential in the studies of nationalism, and other areas of academic and artistic work.
CSA085 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Religion and Identity I – Organiser: Kelly Amanda Train, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] - Chair and discussant: Fiona Whittington-Walsh, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] Religion is not limited to understanding of religious observance and practice, but also to how religion as a secular, ethnic and religious identity informs how people situate themselves within a wider community. This session seeks papers that explore the intersection between religion, religiosity, secularism, identity and society. (See also CSA103) 1) When Theocracy and Generation-X Meet: Religion and Youth in Post-revolutionary Iran - Abdie Kazemipur, Department of Sociology, University of Lethbridge, [email protected] Iran provides a unique case for the study of religion. About three decades ago, the country experienced a so-called Islamic Revolution, and has been under a heavy Islamization process for the past thirty years. This development has introduced a unique element with great implications for the functioning of religion in Iran. Against this background, the present paper examines the status of religion among the Iranian youth. Various dimensions of religiosity are examined. Comparisons are made with five other countries – Egypt, Turkey, England, U.S., and Canada – using the data from the World Values Survey. Also, four different surveys conducted in the span of the past 35 years are used to capture the changes in those dimensions over this period, starting from 4 years before the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution in 1979. The results indicate that, during this period, three elements seem to have been competing for influencing the religiosity of the Iranian youth: a purely philosophical element, a social element, and a political one. The trends imply that the philosophical element has lost its relevance, the social element has a strengthening effect on religiosity, and the political element a weakening impact. Depending on which dimension of religiosity is more closely associated with each of the above elements, those dimensions have become stronger or weaker in influencing the nature of religiosity among the Iranian youth. The patterns show a very unique path of religious development for the Iranian youth, largely influenced by the presence of a theocratic government in power. 2) Burnt Church: Religion, Place and Identity in Canada - Sarah King, Department of Religion and Culture, Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] In the fall of 1999 a prolonged and violent conflict erupted between Mi’kmaq people, settlers, and the Canadian government in Burnt Church/Esgenoôpetitj NB., after the Supreme Court of Canada’s Marshall Decision. This paper explores some of the ways in which religious and national identities were created and contested during the dispute, and in its aftermath. As people in both the Mi’kmaq and English communities struggle to make meaning out of their experiences, to articulate their cultural and national identities , and to resolve questions of legitimacy and ownership of this shared place, religion is a critical factor. This paper is part of a larger project exploring relationships between indigenous people and settlers in Burnt Church/Esgenoôpetitj; it draws upon material gathered during an extensive period of post-dispute fieldwork in the Mi’kmaq and English communities of Esgenoôpetitj/Burnt Church. 3) Authenticity and Jewish Identity: Race, Ethnicity, Religiosity and the Construction of Community, Kelly Amanda Train, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] This article explores how the concept of authenticity is used to regulate the boundaries of belonging and membership within the Canadian Jewish community. I argue that the ways in which the notion of an authentic Jewish identity is used operates to de- legitimize, exclude and marginalize diverse Jewish identities, North African and Indian Jewish identities in particular. To do so, I explore how the concept of “authentic Jewishness” today is based in essentialist notions of race and culture.
CSA086 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Picture Taking as Social Action: Power, Pleasure, and New Media I - Organiser and chair: Tara Milbrandt, Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, [email protected] - Discussant: Martin Hand, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Queen’s University, [email protected] The digital camera has become a ubiquitous presence in contemporary social life; indeed, the spectre of possibility that 'captured' images and ad hoc videos will (or may) later be circulated looms, increasingly, over collective spaces and scenes. While picture taking is not new, the easy broadcast-ability of images to friends, enemies, and strangers over the Internet, on the nightly news, and elsewhere, renders the image potent in ways that are new and unsettled. This session invites papers that explore specific dimensions of this fascinating phenomenon sociologically. Themes for consideration may include, but are not limited to: analyses of the porous borders of public and private life; exhibitionism and voyeurism in everyday life; power subversion and activist videos; online
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 60 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
degradation ceremonies; visual hegemony and digital ‘evidence’; scopophilia and the 21st century city, etc. Papers organized around particular case studies or developed as more explicitly theoretical inquiries are equally welcome. (See also CSA115) 1) Urban Ephemera and Digital Cameras: Making Meaning in the Street (and Online) - Matthew Tiessen, PhD Candidate, University of Alberta, Department of Sociology, [email protected] Digital photography, and social networking websites that feature digital photography – like Flickr.com – have transformed how we see, share, and create the urban; further, what we regard as meaningful within the city has been transformed by the digital camera’s ability to memorialize and sanctify the ephemera and action of everyday urban life. Today’s digital photographer’s pictures are no longer confined to musty family photo albums or dusty shoeboxes; instead they have become hyper-distributable, hyper-virtual, and hyper- shareable. So, while digital photographic practices perpetuate many of the conventions of film photography, its social and communication capabilities have developed so excessively that the traditional, intimate, memory laden memorialization of old has become increasingly irrelevant, embarrassingly intimate, and, frankly, uninteresting. One of the most ubiquitous new digital photography styles featured on user-generated-content websites is “urban” or “street” photography. The potential intensity of this emergent form of urban expression has been seized upon by masses of urban hipsters and “prosumers” as a way to share, document, and make meaningful the flux and speed of urban existence. I will suggest that urban/street photography typically features and prioritizes three photographic subjects or topics: 1) grids (architecture, streets, transport trajectories); 2) the sociality of speed (crowds, movement, flux); and 3) urban ephemera (the too-often overlooked objects of the urban everyday). These three topics, in turn, contribute to street photography’s action-filled edginess and flaneurian funkiness, an edgy funkiness that is, literally, in step with contemporary (urban) culture. 2) The Camera: How do Visual Records Alter Research Practices? - Christopher Longtin, MA Candidate, Department of Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] This paper critically engages the unique methodological dilemmas the creation of, and reliance on, visual data produces. The discussion is grounded in the author’s research - a Photovoice project exploring the role five individuals with intellectual dis/abilities see gender playing in their lives. Photovoice is a visual research method that employs participant produced photography to explore participants’ lived realities. It offers participants significant control over their narratives while offering researchers unique access into participants’ lives. In so doing, it also produces visual data. Because Photovoice participants are encouraged to create and promote knowledge about personal and community issues these visual records often contain identifying information. This limits a researchers ability to provide participants anonymity – which in turns affects his or her ability to offer a participant confidentiality. The methodology further prides itself on its participatory and emancipatory possibilities – encouraging participants to both show and take ownership over their research contributions. This has led Photovoice to be particularly popular with underrepresented or vulnerable research populations. However, an argument can be made that it is these populations in particular that most benefit from – or seek assurances for – anonymity and confidentiality. Thus, by drawing upon this Photovoice study with a designated ‘vulnerable population’, the author engages these questions. How do visual records alter research practices and to what degree do they positively or negatively affect the research relationship and results? Furthermore, is it the research community or the research participants that place the emphasis on these two concepts? He concludes that one strength of visual records is that they allow us to question research norms often seen as necessary and predetermined. 3) Powerful Pictures: Thinking through Representation, Power and Agency in Participatory Visual Research - Sheryl Peters, PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, York University, [email protected] Participatory visual research (PVR), sometimes called Photovoice, is a variation on participatory action research that is oriented to visuality. Participants make decisions about major aspects of the research and generate key themes in the research through the use and production of visual materials, usually photos or video. The stated aim of PVR is to raise awareness about social issues in participants? communities and to empower communities to make change. However, large claims about PVR?s transformative potential are built upon under-theorized concepts of representation, power and agency. To this end, this paper contributes two theoretical interventions. First, I draw upon Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak?s famous essay, Can the Subaltern Speak?, to raise issues about how PVR projects sometimes cannot succeed in ?empowering? the perspectives of some of the most marginalized social actors, but are successful in availing other voices and other discourses. Second, I propose that a feminist revisioning of Pierre Bourdieu?s theoretical framework that examines the role of emotions in social structuring revealing a latent effectivity of PVR: it is an act of resistance against certain tactics of social domination, the performance of symbolic power, distinction and shaming; PVR often transforms them through its redeployment of techniques of cultural production.
THURSDAY MAY 28 – JEUDI 28 MAI – 10:45 – 12:15
CSA088 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Advances in Environmental Sociology II – Organiser: John Parkins, Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, [email protected] – Chair: Margot Hurlbert, Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina, [email protected] – Discussant: Wayne Crosby, University of Alberta Environmental sociology continues to challenge notions of human exemptionalism and invites a conversation about the interactions between humans and nature. Research extends to issues of consumptions and material culture, environment and human health, ideology and resource exploitation, ecological citizenship, and many other emerging fields of interest. The papers in this session focus on theory building, with attention to the ways in which new theoretical insights lead to greater understanding of contemporary environmental problems. (See also CSA010) 1) Globalizing the Amazon: Environmental sovereignty and global warming discourse - Richard MacGregor, University of Windsor, [email protected] This paper focuses on how policy initiatives heavily influenced by international NGOs concerned mostly with climate change are http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 61 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
influencing a current sovereignty crisis within the local Brazilian community. As global warming is increasingly becoming endorsed and politicized by much of the international community, nations containing ecosystems believed to be vital to slowing or stopping climate change are becoming increasingly targeted and pressured to reduce environmentally harmful practices. As tropical rainforests are greatly stressed by the scientific community to be important carbon sinks, Brazil has recently experienced a very strong opposition to its commercial beef and soy bean industries due to the intense deforestation these industries contribute. This paper thus argues that as global warming discourses increasingly shape the policies of international NGOs, which in turn are placing much stress on the Brazilian nation, there is an increased discontent shaping within the local communities of Brazil based on the perception that the global community is attempting to claim ownership of the Amazon rainforest through environmental agendas. This discontent is thus argued to be only magnifying the problems of deforestation as the Brazilian nation becomes more concerned with ownership of its own resources as opposed to becoming more committed to slowing its rates of deforestation. In conclusion, it is argued that the international community and environmental NGOs must endorse more local perspectives such as indigenous discourses within their policy initiatives to regain a united commitment with the nation of Brazil if there is to be an increased possibility of slowing deforestation. Thus NGOs must begin to frame their incentives around a more diverse set of concerns rather than solely on the global problem of climate change if they hope to regain a partnership with local peoples to resolve this issue. 2) "If we wanted to be environmentally sustainable, we'd take the bus": Skiing, mobility and the irony of climate change - Mark C.J. Stoddart, University of British Columbia, [email protected] Global climate change has emerged as the most visible environmental issue on the public agenda. While mainstream sociology has been characterized by its “strange silence,” environmental sociology has examined policy-making, public attitudes, and media framing related to climate change. I build on this work by analysing skiing in British Columbia as a site where the cultural dynamics of climate change play out. Szerszynski (2007) offers the notion of “irony” for describing the gap that often exists between professed environmental values and environmental behaviour. The relationship between skiing and global climate change is an exemplar of ecological “irony.” The ski industry is often viewed as a “canary in the coalmine” for climate change because the mountain environments where skiing takes place will feel the impacts of climate change sooner – and more severely – than many other places. Ski resorts like Whistler Blackcomb respond to the risks of climate change through technological innovation, moves towards ecological modernization, and public education campaigns. Skiers’ interview talk also focuses on climate change as a major environmental concern. At the same time, discussions of climate change and skiing typically neglect the intimate connections between skiing, automobility networks and global flows of tourism. These networks produce significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, thereby adding to the environmental risk of climate change. This leaves skiers and the ski industry in an ironic situation, wherein pro- environmental discourse is at odds with environmentally-harmful behaviour. 3) "Care of the self" and participation in the "ecopolis": Michel Foucault and Ecological citizenship - Petra Hroch, Ph.D. Student, Department of Sociology (Theory & Culture), University of Alberta, [email protected] Although Michel Foucault (astonishingly) never addressed environmental issues or the ecological crisis directly (and, as Éric Darier has noted in Discourses of the Environment, apparently “detested nature”), much of Foucault’s thought speaks to contemporary concerns regarding environmental justice and global citizenship. My paper begins by examining the politics of “care” – namely, Foucault’s provocative reading of the nature of the relationship between the self as apart from, and the self as a participant in the polis, or political sphere. Although, for Foucault, the polis was comprised of human subjects I go on to consider how the “polis” can be more broadly conceived to include not only non-human subjects and communities, but also other species, ecosystems, habitats, landscapes and the environment – or what I will term the “ecopolis.” I focus on Foucault’s late lectures on the Ancient Greek practices of epimeleia heautou, or “care of the self” and how they relate to environmental ethics. Foucault’s conception of “care” is far from a solipsistic exercise but is, rather, constituted by attitudes, practices, or actions that are fundamentally relational, or, as Foucault emphasized, “shot through with the presence of the Other” (537). Central to this paper is a concern with the connection between “care,” “citizenship,” and the environment. How does Foucault’s conception of “care” – articulated as “governing the self,” or “disciplines of the self,” and the embodied “techniques of the self” – when related to environmental concerns, speak to, or re-articulate, his earlier corpus on Governmentality, Discipline, and Biopolitics? And finally, how is his late work relevant to emerging concerns regarding the meaning of “citizenship,” and the roles and responsibilities of an “ecological citizen” in response to 21st century global environmental concerns? WORKS CITED: Foucault, Michel. The Hermeneutics of the Subject: Lectures at the Collège de France 1981-1982.Eds.; Frédéric Gros and Arnold I. Davidson. Trans. Graham Burchell. New York: Picador, 2000; Darier, Éric. Discourses of the Environement. New York: Blackwell Publishing, 1999. 4) Reconceptualizing Genocide in the 21st Century: Interconnecting the Environment and the United Nations Genocide Convention - Jackie DaSilva, MA, Department of Sociology, Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] This research analysis reconceptualizes crimes against the environment in the language of genocide as supported by contemporary empirical case analysis. The reconceptualization is named environmental genocide. This crime is the physical destruction of a human group, in whole or in part, as accomplished by severely polluting, or reducing, or eliminating the group’s substantive air, water, and/or land. Through research analysis, environmental genocide is placed within the corporate capitalist political economy. Under this system, environmental genocide is not perceived as a corporate crime – yet, corporate-state actors are the most common perpetrators of environmental genocide, while continuing to maintain a lawful perception based on the assumptions of market capitalism (which is, their intentions are strictly to seek profit). These actors are excused for unintentionally harming humans and the environment, instead of being charged as criminally negligent. Compounding the barrier to justly labelling these actors, criminal negligence is rarely applied to illegal corporate environmental activity. Defining environmental genocide is in part, a call for prevention, and in whole, a call to address the serious nature of the crimes of the powerful.
CSA089 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Transdisciplinary Research and Sociology - Organiser and chair: Myra J. Hird, Sociology Department, Queen's University, [email protected] - Discussant: Neena Chappell, Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected]
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 62 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Natural science researchers increasingly include social scientific disciplines in their research programs, partly as a result of increasing recognition that complex issues benefit from a range of research approaches, and partly because funding bodies increasingly require transdisciplinarity. The CIHR and GE3LS, for instance, now strongly encourage health researchers to incorporate social scientific expertise into research programs. This session seeks papers that address the roles of transdisciplinarity in research. Papers might address one or more of the following questions: what is transdisciplinary research? What are the possibilities and challenges of integrating natural and social scientific research? Can/does social scientific research actively participate in natural scientific research, or in practice are we deployed in an add-and-stir approach? What might sociology, as a distinct discipline, contribute to transdisciplinary research? Is social scientific input limited to social constructivist epistemologies - social, cultural, economic and political analyses of any given issue - or does transdisciplinarity invite meta-analyses of the underlying epistemologies driving research teams? 1) The Pitfalls of the “Add-and-Stir” Approach to Transdisciplinary Public Health Research - Christopher Canning, Ph. D. Student, Sociology, Queen’s University, [email protected] - Myra J. Hird, Faculty, Sociology, Queen’s University, [email protected] and co-author TBA Health researchers increasingly include social scientific disciplines in their research programs, partly as a result of increasing recognition that complex public health issues benefit from a range of research approaches, and partly because funding bodies increasingly require transdisciplinarity. This paper addresses the role of epistemology in transdisciplinary public health research (TPHR). We will discuss two problems with current TPHR. The first problem is that social scientific input into TPHR is typically circumscribed to social, cultural, economic and political analyses of a given public health issue that use a social constructivist epistemology. This narrow delineation under-utilizes a valuable, yet largely untapped resource; namely, various realist epistemologies regularly employed by social scientists, which are typically committed to anti-reductive and non-social constructivist understandings of scientific practices and knowledge. The second problem is that this key social scientific analytic is rarely found in TPHR despite the fact that it is well placed to meta-analyze the underlying epistemologies driving TPHR teams. The advantage of such meta-analyses is that they are able to make epistemologies explicit, which is the first step in actually integrating knowledge from different academic disciplines. Given that epistemological commitments guide research agendas – from what questions are asked, what methodologies selected, to how findings are interpreted – understanding the role of epistemology stands to make an important contribution to improving TPHR. 2) Interdisciplinary considerations of Human Emotion: Towards an Affective Sociology - Chris Nichols, MA student, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] Since Max Weber and his theory of social action, the discipline of sociology has attempted to address and understand the affective state of human beings, as part of interpretivist theories of the self or through cultural critique (Hardt 1999). It has been severely limited by two organizing assumptions within its discourse: the rational/irrational binary, and the "bounded" subject. Various disciplines are troubling these assumptions in productive ways through theories of affect and emotion. In discussing the contributions of psychoanalysis (Brennan 2004), history (Gandhi 2006), and political theory (Ahmed 2004) in the theorization of affect, I aim to stress the interdisciplinarity required to more fully appreciate the problematic and multivariate concept of affect. I hope, then, to move towards what an affective sociology may look like, one that considers the relational—yet not fully socially constructed—quality of the self and troubles the rational/irrational binary when understanding social action. This may open the discipline of sociology to different research methodologies and enable an important contribution to the field of affect theory. More broadly, using affect theory as a locus for inquiry may contribute deeper understandings of the human condition, beyond the essentialist/constructivist binary. 3) Being’ and ‘Becoming’ Inuk: Northern Social Change and Discourses of the Future - Willow Scobie, Assistant Professor, Sociology and Anthropology Department, University of Ottawa, [email protected] “I fear we may be witnessing the last generation of Inuit.” This statement, made to me by a young Inuk man active in Inuit youth politics, is an articulation of a sense of the fragility of Inuit identity. The fragility of ‘being’ Inuk is one component of the narratives of Northern processes of social change (as well as climate change, etc.). As such, this presentation explores ‘being’ and ‘becoming’ Inuk as a temporal problematic. This quote reflects a fear that time, or movement through time and towards the future, will erode Inuit identity (specifically as the artifacts and influence of modernity make increasing incursions into Northern communities). By drawing on debates within sociology, philosophy and physics, this paper makes epistemological queries into Inuk transformations.
CSA090 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Immigrant Women in Canada and Beyond - Organiser and discussant: Francine Tremblay, PhD Student, ABD, Université du Québec à Montréal, [email protected] – Chair: TBA This session explores recent theoretical and empirical work on immigration and women. Papers on all topics are welcome including the integration of immigrant women in Canada and elsewhere, but papers that emphasize the processes of becoming a women migrant, factors affecting the abilities of women to migrant and trafficking and its potential significance for women's agency are e specially welcome. 1) Portrayals of Family-Class Immigrants in Canadian Print Media: Decoding Messages about Citizenship, Gender, and Race - Andrea Flynn, PhD student, Department of Sociology, The University of Western Ontario, [email protected] In recent years, family-class immigration to Canada has come under increasing public scrutiny, and immigrants arriving under this category (largely women from developing countries) have become a common target of anti-immigrant rhetoric. Numerous scholars have addressed how family-class immigrants and especially women in this category have faced criticism as ‘undesired’ members of Canadian society; however, an analysis of media coverage of this group of immigrants has not been performed. The mass media represent a critical instrument in the production, reproduction, and dissemination of messages about a society’s beliefs and values. Messages encoded in media stories also help shape media consumers’ identities, and influence their views about other groups in society. Despite the ideal of neutral and value-free media, media portrayals can carry powerful, yet often coded, discriminatory messages that stand to have an impact on the beliefs and behaviours of the audience. The present paper examines the social
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 63 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
construction of family-class immigrants in three Canadian newspapers, the Globe and Mail, the Toronto Star, and the Toronto Sun, over the past ten years. Critical discourse analysis is used to explain findings in terms of dominant ideologies about citizenship (as a gendered and racialized phenomenon) in Canada. 2) Engendering the Brain Debate: A Case Study of Ghanaian Skilled Nurses - Joanne Nowak, PhD Student (2nd year), University of Toronto, [email protected] Within current research on African health worker emigration, relatively few studies have explored perceptions of migration among these health workers. Even fewer have focused on how skilled female workers understand this phenomenon, as well as how they come to develop these perceptions. Drawing on 18 interviews, this paper argues that skilled women not only consider familial responsibilities, but also place a key emphasis on professional ethos, skills upgrading, and the desire to obtain foreign work experience in their perceptions of migration. It also highlights the key role of skilled social networks and the culture of migration in shaping the perceptions of these women. Consequently, this paper expands the gender and migration literature as well as the brain debate by focusing on the perspective of skilled female health workers, a perspective which has been largely overlooked. 3) Formation and Outcome: The Political Discourses of the Prostitution Reform Act of New Zealand - Catherine Zangger, MA student, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University [email protected] The aim of the presentation is to explore the relationship of language use on the social processes of law reform. Between 2000 and 2003 New Zealand underwent a major legal amendment, which provides an ideal context for such an analysis. During that period, social policies surrounding the sex industry underwent a drastic transformation from criminalization to decriminalization. The specific research I am undertaking for my MA thesis is an analysis of New Zealand parliamentary debates surrounding the Prostitution Reform Bill (PRB) that led to the transformation. With the use of critical discourse analysis, as described by Fairclough (1993), and the New Zealand parliamentary debates I will discuss the discursive framing which allowed the enactment of the PRB. Even though scholars still argue over which legal regime is best suited to deal with the problems associated with sex work, there has been a growth in researchers interested in the decriminalization system versus other forms of control (Benoit and Shaver 2006). The New Zealand parliamentary transcripts, which are available free on-line, provide a rich starting point for studying the relationship between language use, law reform, and judicial policy surrounding the politics of sex work, especially since the outcome is known. More specifically, one can utilize this political phenomenon to further inform the debates surrounding social movements and outcomes.
CSA091 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Sociology of Aging, Health and Care - Organiser and chair: Margaret J. Penning, PhD, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] - Discussant: TBA The intersections among aging, health and the provision and receipt of care have become major foci of sociological investigation as our population ages, health issues loom larger, and questions of care provision increasingly become paramount in individual and familial lives and in society more generally. This session invites research papers that address these issues in Canadian or other societal contexts. 1) Transitions from ‘home’ to ‘the home’: Rhetoric and policy in Canadian longterm care - Allison Cammer, MSc, RD, Canadian Centre on Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, [email protected] and co- author TBA Canada’s population is aging and we will soon experience the first boom in our elderly demographic. Increased scrutiny of the way common rhetoric and formal and informal policies influence the quality of longterm care is thus necessary. Rhetoric of ‘home,’ ‘family,’ and ‘informal versus formal’ complicate the concepts of aging and care. ‘Home’ is frequently used as code for independence, where individual-level independence is emphasized above all other pursuits, dependence equates failure, and maintenance of persons within their own homes is the ultimate goal. Longterm care facilities are often pejoratively referred to as ‘the home,’ invoking a prison-like quality. Conversely, ‘home-like’ is a current goal of longterm care, partly an attempt to distance from roots of institutionalization while asserting that residents are not patients that convalesce but individuals who live in facilities. Likewise, ‘family’ is a term used within healthcare mostly to connote positive relationships of ‘informal’ care or support. Existence of familial ties is often proxy for presence of care support for older adults, despite the fact that not all familial relations are appropriate, able, or willing sources of support. These concepts complicate informal and formal policy level decisions regarding transition from the ‘home’ to ‘the home.’ 2) Learning to Age, and Learning to Provide Eldercare: Informal learning among Recent Chinese immigrants in Canada - Lichun Liu, PhD Candidate, University of Toronto, To date, nearly all studies on immigrant health have arrived at the almost unanimous conclusion that immigration and resettlement have an adverse effect on health. Built on my doctoral research on Chinese immigrants and lifelong learning through unpaid housework and carework, this paper explores whether cross-cultural migration and aging can be an empowering process, in which immigrants in their mid-life (age 35-60) learn to maintain their own health and to provide eldercare in a transnational context. As part of a large SSHRC project on Work and Lifelong Learning (WALL), this paper uses data from three sources: the 2004 National Survey on Work and Lifelong Learning (n=9,362), in-depth interviews (n=20) and a focus group (n=8) with recent Chinese immigrants in the Greater Toronto Areas, Canada. The survey data explores health- and eldercare-related informal learning among Chinese immigrants in comparison to their Canadian-born and other immigrant counterparts. The qualitative data from interviews and the focus group examine the knowledge, skills and strategies involved in health-related self-care and the care of the elderly in a transnational context. A gender perspective will be used in my data analysis. 3) The hope and controversy of Alzheimer’s disease pharmacotherapy: A qualitative study of the experiences of caregivers - André Smith, [email protected] - Karen Kobayashi and Neena Chappell, Department of Sociology and Centre on Aging, University of Victoria The introduction of pharmacological drugs for the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has raised hope as well as controversy. In clinical trials, these drugs have at best demonstrated modest improvements in AD symptoms. Yet, some researchers hypothesize that the drugs offer subtle benefits that existing psychometric assessment tools do not capture well. Against this backdrop, the views of
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 64 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
caregivers and individuals receiving treatment have been largely ignored. The present study addresses this gap in knowledge by investigating the experiences of 15 caregivers of relatives treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), the most widely prescribed group of drugs for AD. Through interviews and focus groups, the study explored how caregivers assessed the benefits and limitations of the drugs. Caregivers credit the process of monitoring the effects of the drugs with giving them a sense of purpose and making them more responsive to the needs of their relatives. This finding suggests that pharmacotherapy positively frames relations between caregivers and relatives, which could account for some of the observed benefits like reduced levels of anxiety and agitation. In conclusion, the study offers valuable insights into the way hope and controversy about AD pharmacotherapy play out in the everyday lives of caregivers and their relatives. 4) Health Status, Service Needs, and Correlates of the Quality of Life among Elderly Chinese Immigrants in Two Canadian Prairie Cities - Henry P.H. Chow, Ph.D. Associate Professor and Graduate Program Co-ordinator Department of Sociology and Social Studies University of Regina, [email protected] The Canadian population is aging rapidly. According to Statistics Canada (2007), the 2006 Census enumerated 4,335,255 persons aged 65 or above, accounting for a record high of 13.7% of the total population. Low fertility rates, longer life expectancy, and the effects of the baby boom generation are among the principal factors contributing to the aging of Canada's population. Between 2006 and 2026, the number of seniors is projected to increase from 4.3 million to 8.0 million. The elderly Canadians’ share of the population is expected to increase from 13.2% to 21.2%. The Canadian population is not only aging, but it is becoming increasingly diverse. Aging involves diversity within and among individuals, between cohorts, and across and within cultures. Immigrants to Canada, especially those who emigrate to Canada in later life, face unique challenges as they age. This paper explores the health status, health care service needs, and factors contributing to the quality of life among elderly Chinese immigrants in two Canadian Prairie cities.
CSA092 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Critical Sociology in Canada: Crisis, Impasse or Business as Usual? - Organiser and chair: Denis Wall, Sessional Instructor, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, and Department of Sociology, Brock University, [email protected] - Discussant: Neil McLaughlin, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, McMaster University, [email protected] Recent discussions in a number of venues including thematic issues of several leading sociology journals and symposia have compared the fate of sociology in Canada and the United States. While the dialogue is often only one-way, these assessments continue to alert us to the most important institutional and programmatic variations concerning the sociological profession in these two seemingly different yet interrelated domains. An important theme in these comparative assessments involves the extent to which Canadian sociology is impacted by and is a carry-over of American traditions, styles, and trends. Especially relevant is the question of whether Canadian sociology is unduly shaped and influenced by its hegemonic American counterpart or if it can be said to contain perspectives and frameworks that distinguish it from that legacy. This session welcomes empirical and theoretical informed papers that are mindful of these debates while at the same time specifically addressing the question of what is unique and specifically “critical” about the contemporary orientation of Canadian sociology as compared to its American varieties. This session is sponsored by the journal Critical Sociology. 1) Social Advantage or Generosity Gap: U.S.-Canada Comparison in Discourses of Philanthropy and the State - Mary-Beth Raddon, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Brock University [email protected] This paper examines antithetical conceptions of the relative generosity of Canadians and Americans. The notion that Canadians could pride themselves on their more generous government provision for health, education, welfare and the arts compared to Americans was supplanted in the late 1990s by the claim that Canadians, as individuals, are less generous than Americans in personal contributions to charity. The dominance of the “generosity gap” analysis over the conception of Canada’s “social advantage” signifies a watershed in the neoliberal reorganization of the state, wealth and citizenship in Canada. Drawing on public documents and interviews with professional fundraisers, this paper examines how negative comparisons with the US continue to shape the politics of welfare state restructuring. 2) Doing Gang Research in Canada: Navigating a Different Kaleidoscope - Ifeanyi Ezeonu, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Brock University, [email protected] Since the late 1920s when sociologists of the Chicago School tradition began systematic studies of gang problem in urban areas, interest in gang scholarship has grown significantly both in the United States and beyond. In Canada, scholarly interest in gang activities was given a new impetus in the 1990s, when the media and many police departments increasingly attributed a spate of street shootings and illicit drug trafficking in many cities to entrepreneurial gangs. The interest in gang activities in Canada has engendered a greater engagement by government institutions and police departments of American academic and police “gang experts” who supposedly have a long pedigree in dealing with this type of “problem”. Similarly, because of the proximity and shared linguistic heritage between English Canada and the United States, popular claims and assumptions about gangs and their activities in the latter country easily diffuse to the public discourse in the former. This paper argues that the influence of American “gang experts” on Canadian gang policy deliberations may lead to the adoption of an Americanized solution to a problem that is peculiarly Canadian. The historical and demographic differences between the two countries create an urgent need for Canadian gang researchers to reflect the national kaleidoscope in designing policy interventions to the country’s gang problem. 3) Left Nationalism, Marxist Socialism and Canadian Sociology - Jonah Butovsky (presenter) with Murray Smith, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Brock University, [email protected] Beginning in the 1960s, major currents within Canadian sociology and within Canadian social science in general adopted a left-nationalist orientation. According to the left-nationalists, the struggle for progressive social reform and/or for socialism required a fight for Canadian sovereignty; that is, for economic, political and cultural independence from the U.S. behemoth to the south. The left-nationalist orientation had a profound influence on the organization, methodology and theoretical perspectives of Canadian Sociology: the campaign to Canadianize the academy through preferential hiring of Canadians; the strengthening of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association (and the avoidance of the ASA); and a turn away from quantitative sociology and a gravitation toward European social theories that stress historical and comparative methods. Left nationalism has become a defining theoretical and ideological frame for much critical sociological research in Canada in such key areas as social inequality/stratification, work and the economy, and social movements. Furthermore, along with postmodernist cultural studies and feminism, left-nationalism has contributed to the retreat by most Canadian sociologists from a serious engagement with Marxist theory and politics,
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 65 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
and to an accommodation with liberalism and/or mainstream social democracy. The purpose of the paper is two-fold: to interrogate the influence of the left-nationalist theoretical-ideological paradigm within the disciplinary boundaries of Canadian sociology, and to critically evaluate this paradigm by surveying the debates within both Canadian sociology and the Canadian left concerning the status of Canada within the world system. We will present evidence that the portrayal of Canada and the US as fundamentally distinct social formations, at different stages of socio-economic development, was a key error for both Canadian Sociology and the ostensibly socialist left. We will argue that Canada and the US alike constitute advanced capitalist societies in which the laws of motion of mature capitalism as analyzed by Marx are fully operative. To substantiate this argument we will compare the U.S. and Canadian economies through the lenses provided by competing schools of Marxist crisis theory, specifically those associated with the falling rate of profit and the rising economic surplus.While there have been several important theoretical/polemical critiques of Canadian left-nationalism, ours will emphasize empirical analysis of the real history of the capitalist mode of production in the North American context. Our analysis of the crisis tendencies of the U.S. and Canadian economies will suggest that the hegemony of the left-nationalist paradigm, both within and outside the academy, has created an obstacle to an effective challenge to capitalist ideological domination in Canada and has therefore retarded the elaboration of the programmatic and strategic perspectives needed to advance the struggle for socialism on a continental scale.
CSA093 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Critical Social Theory – Organiser and chair: Christopher Powell, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Manitoba, [email protected] - This session focuses on new work in critical sociological theory. Here, 'critical' is understood inclusively and ecumenically, as encompassing both, on the one hand, work critical of social relations and engaged with transformative praxis (feminist, anti-racist, socialist, queer, indigenous, etc.) and also, on the other hand, work that denaturalizes established categories of Western thought (deconstructively, genealogically, rhizomatically, etc.) in a protean and open-ended fashion. Papers that explore possibilities along either or both of these axes are invited. (See also CSA109 and CSA123) 1) Performance across boundaries: some productive tensions - Susan Salhany, Doctoral Candidate, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University [email protected] In a recent article, Peter Burke (2005) discusses the present proliferation of what he identifies as the ‘performative turn’ across disciplines. He argues that this ‘revolution’ has yet to be given due recognition, noting that “scholars who have been pioneering in one field are often unaware of parallel innovations elsewhere” (3). In this paper, I explore the concept of performance across theoretical boundaries, namely, Goffman’s dramaturgy, Butler’s performativity, and the more recent theorizing in science studies on ‘enactment’. In doing so, productive tensions arise between Goffman and Butler on the one hand and science studies on the other. In science studies, offered is a conception of the world in continuous motion, with points of stasis and stabilizations, but where on-going process is primary. Further, that which emerges is in part due to the potential immanent to the materiality of the thing itself, rather than attributed to social forces alone. Here, the crux of performance and performativity shifts from human actions that take effect through their signification and interpretation in the social-symbolic realm, to one where the movement generated, by both humans and non- humans, is thought to contain their productive force. I suggest that these accounts can work as useful foils to more fully consider the tensions around signification/materiality and stability/fluidity. 2) Towards an emerging social theory of gender, emotions, and knowledge - Margaret Malone, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, [email protected] Western epistemologists and sociologists of knowledge tend to dichotomize emotions and reason, giving reason more value in relation to knowledge. Frequently overlooked are humans as gendered thinking, feeling, and bodily beings. We also live in a world where knowledge can be used to maintain the status quo and oppressive relations, and/or to open emancipatory possibilities. Based on a selection of in-depth interviews with women and men in the early process of moving out of their marriages, and grappling with investigating personal experiences within the social historical context in which they take place, I considered the ways people talked about their lives, the language that they used, the emotions that they experienced, and the connections that they made. Emerging is a social theory encompassing gender, emotion, and knowledge. If we consider emotion in relation to the sociology of knowledge and the social relations of gender, then the potential for generating new knowledge becomes visible. We can also see that emotions and feelings are integral to knowledge, to the process of knowing, and to dimensions of political possibilities and change. Epistemological, political, and future research questions are proposed for discussion. 3) G-String Activism: a critical examination of the history of exotic dance – Kara Taylor, M.A. Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] Throughout the history of exotic dance, burlesque dancers, stripteasers and ‘peelers’ have at times resisted or subverted gender, race or class in creative ways that have not been written into the history books. In this paper I will trouble what has become a naturalized concept of ‘exotic dance’, pointing to the transformative praxis that exists within the ‘strip club’ across many decades. I will do so by making use of post-modern feminist and Queer theories to challenge contemporary academic and societal understandings of this profession. I will make forms of resistance central by including union organizing, activist strategies, and other job actions taken by women who have sold the image of their naked selves. While acknowledging the oppression and degradation that exists within this sex profession, it is important to problematize the concept of power in more Foucaultian terms. In other words, I will illustrate how power is a delicate act of give and take in exotic dancing. Lastly I will weave in the agency of women as partial exhibitionists and the tantalizing excess of performance. 4) Uncanny Sex: Cloning and the Reproduction of Natural Order - Steve Garlick, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] The prospect of cloning human beings is an issue that has taken center stage in public concern over biotechnology in recent years. While a significant literature has been generated around many of the difficult ethical questions that are raised in this context, this paper argues that cloning also serves as a potent signifier of anxieties over the place of `sex’ in the natural order of things. In analyzing this connection, it proposes that the idea of human cloning unsettles us in a way that may profitably be understood in terms of Sigmund Freud’s account of the `uncanny’. By combining Freud with additional insights drawn from the work of Roland Barthes and Judith
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 66 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Butler, the paper argues that an analysis of the uncanniness of cloning brings us to the limits of scientific knowledge and compels a reassessment of the relation of sexual difference to our understanding of nature and the human.
CSA094 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Explorations in the Sociology of Literature I - Organiser: Andrea Doucet, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, Duncombe Studio for Social and Cultural Analysis, [email protected] – Chair: Jihan Abbas, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, Discussant: Melanie White, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University The sociology of literature is a largely undeveloped field of study and research in Canada. This session seeks to address this gap. We invite papers on topics that explore the multiple connections between sociological theory/research/writing and literature/fiction. Possible paper topics include: the overlaps between sociological theory and literary theory; narrative analysis and its links with literary theory; using fiction and creative non-fiction as sources of ‘data’ and research evidence; analyzing and interpreting fiction using sociological theory; the relationship between literature and group identities; the social and collective nature of literary production; reflexivity and the author; distinctions and possible overlaps between fiction and sociological works. Other paper ideas are welcome and encouraged. (See also CSA113) 1) A Necessary Imagination: Durkheim, Weber and the Creativity of Sociological Writing - Dr. Ailsa Craig, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] The style of sociological writing has come under increased scrutiny amongst recent aims toward a more public sociology. While clarity of writing is important, this paper claims that the necessity to examine how to do sociological writing well is more deeply rooted than aims-oriented arguments about accessibility might lead us to believe. By specifying and examining the role of imagination and objectivity in Durkheim and Weber’s core methodological constructions: the ‘social fact’ and the ‘ideal type’, this paper examines how imagination is central to these methodological constructions and contends that imaginative writing is of central importance to sociology, and that the centrality of writing creatively is illustrated in these foundational sociological concepts. It is therefore argued that creative writing is central to sociological work as a matter of rigorous method, not optional or extraneous style. 2) A Longing for Literature: Reflections on the ‘non-field’ of the Sociology of Literature in Canada - Andrea Doucet, Professor, Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the sociology of literature occupied a small but noteworthy place within sociological studies. Beginning in the late 1980s, however, several sociologists began to lament that the sociology of literature as a field or sub-discipline “barely exists” (McHoul, 1988) or that the state had become a “non-field” (Griswold, 1993). This paper explores the possibilities and potential for the sociology of literature in Canada, arguing that there are specificities to the overlaps between contemporary Canadian fiction and sociology that speaks to the need to revitalize this field of research and teaching. 3) Reading the spaces of informal urban citizenship in multicultural London - David Tavares, PhD Candidate, Part-time Professor and Contract Instructor, Department of Geography, Carleton University, [email protected] Over the past decade sociologists and social geographers have produced a growing volume of research on the spatial politics of informal urban citizenship in contemporary multicultural cities. This presentation builds on the existing scholarship by undertaking an analysis of two recent novels that depict the urban lives of second-generation British youth of Indian origin in London: Tourism (2006) by Nirpal Singh Dhaliwal and Londonstani (2006) by Gautam Malkani. Based on a discussion of the relationships between everyday inhabitations of urban space and the formation of politicized urban identities among the second-generation characters in both novels, it is proposed that both Tourism and Londonstani represent informal urban citizenship among British-Indian youth as fraught with ambiguities. On one hand, the textual inhabitation of urban space offers the opportunity for progressive self-definition, whereas on the other hand it imposes limits to belonging and membership in the urban public. It is concluded that these two novels play a constitutive role when it comes to shaping debates over the politics of identity and difference in multicultural London and Britain more generally.
CSA095 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Contentious Nationalism - Organisers: James Kennedy, School of Social and Political Science, Edinburgh University, [email protected] and Liliana Riga, School of Social and Political Science, Edinburgh University, [email protected] Chair: Karen Stanbridge, Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] Discussant: Slobodan Drakulic, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] This session welcomes theoretical and case studies of contentious nationalism and its relationship to the state. The focus is on the ways subordinate nationalisms relate to ethnic politics, unionism, con/federalism, separatism, irredentism or imperialism. 1) Globalization, Economic Liberalization, and Ethnic Conflict in Post-colonial Sri Lanka: A Case Study - Samuel Gurupatham, Professor, Sheridan Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Oakville, Ontario; [email protected] or [email protected] This paper analyses the intersection of economic developments, globalization processes, and social conflicts in Sri Lanka in the post- 1977 period. Sri Lanka embarked on a bold programme of economic liberalization, under the guidance of global financial institutions, in 1977. The implementation of this package of policies, opened up the country to global capitalist processes of a qualitatively advanced form. The uneven nature of this form, (post-1977), of Dependent Capitalist development resulted in increasing economic and social disparities among Sri Lanka’s population. It undermined the socio- economic position of sections of its diverse population, and cultural and political rights of its minorities. These policies, also, markedly affected the nature of state-society relations. It resulted in the intensification of social conflicts in the island: between the ethnic majoritarian hegemonic State and anti- systemic groups (among which the militant Tamil ethnic separatism has been the most serious), and between ethno-religious communities. These developments resulted in the militarization of the state and civil society. It is argued that the model of economic development favoured and subsequently implemented by the dominant (ruling) classes/regime, and their social and cultural objectives contributed significantly towards engendering social conflicts in Sri Lanka. http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 67 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
2) TBA 3) Accommodating Nation: Pluralism, Democracy and National Identity in 21st Century Quebec - Mark Lajoie PhD – ABD, Sessional Lecturer, Departments of Sociology and Social Studies & Political Science, University of Regina, [email protected] Like other already existing nation-states, Quebec has engaged with the social and political challenges of pluralism and inclusion. The recent and controversial Taylor-Bouchard commission on ‘reasonable accommodation’ is an example of one such public initiative. However, unlike already existing nation-states, the demand for greater inclusion is posed simultaneously with efforts to define Quebec’s national distinctiveness. While nationalism has certainly been used as a basis for social and political exclusion, a good deal of contemporary scholarship in Quebec sociology and political theory has called this assumption into question. Eschewing the well- established distinction between ethnic and civic nationalism, many recently sociological and political contributors have argued that the goals of nationalism are not incompatible with those of democratic pluralism, and further that nation may serve as a foundation for greater democratic inclusion within a pluralistic society. Perhaps more importantly, it has been argued that nationalism may allow for the development of democratic pluralism within public fora. This paper examines the three theoretical positions on the compatibility of Quebec nationalism with the goals of democratic pluralism: Will Kymlicka’s liberal model of multicultural nationalism, Chantal Mouffe’s contributions to the critique of rational consensus, and finally Gerard Bouchard’s notion of ‘political’ nationalism.
CSA096 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Social Movements - Canadian Case Studies - Organiser: Philippe Couton, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa, [email protected] Chair: TBA - Discussant: Patrice LeClerc, Department of Sociology, St. Lawrence University, [email protected] Case studies form the core of social movements scholarship. The session welcomes papers that focus on particular instances of collective action as bases for discussion of social movement approaches and concepts. Investigations of recent examples of collective action are welcome, as are historical and/or comparative works. 1) Neo-liberalism, workers’ compensation and injured workers in Ontario: Rebuilding a Movement - Robert Storey, McMaster University, [email protected] Based upon primary and secondary research, including 82 in-depth interviews with injured workers movement (IWM) activists and injured workers, this paper outlines and analyzes the attempts by leaders of the IWM, first, to maintain, and, second, to rebuild their movement over the past decade. The paper shows that these legislative and regulatory changes, when combined with new circumstances, i.e., the shift from an industrial to a post-industrial economy, the appearance of different types of injuries and illness, and the changing gender and racialized composition of the injured worker population, have converged to present difficult conceptual and organizing challenges for IWM leaders. The paper argues that rebuilding the IWM will involve IWM leaders developing their sociological imaginations to once again link the private troubles of injured workers with public issues. 2) Mouvements sociaux dans le Québec contemporain: y a-t-il de l’espace pour les nouvelles utopies? Denyse Côté, Université du Québec en Outaouais, [email protected] and Étienne Simard, Université du Québec en Outaouais [email protected] Le Québec, on le sait, a connu dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle un mouvement social et politique qui a radicalement transformé son échiquier politique, économique et social, de même que sa culture. Cette communication a pour but de présenter la difficulté d’émergence de nouvelles utopies et de nouveaux mouvements sociaux dans le cadre du système qui en a résulté. Les mouvements sociaux des années 1960 et 1970 auront en effet laissé derrière eux des structures, une culture politique et un discours qui occupent l’espace social et laissent peu de place à l’innovation. Comment les nouvelles générations de militants font-ils leur place? Comment se situent-ils face aux politiques et discours socio-démocrates issus de ces mouvements sociaux et au virage néolibéral déjà bien entamé? Quels espaces peuvent-ils investir? Quels blocages rencontrent-ils? Voilà les questions auxquels cette communication tentera de répondre. Cette analyse sera ancrée dans un contexte régional et une analyse critique de l’approche néolibérale de la décentralisation du gouvernement. 3) Organizing through obstacles: The co-op housing movement in Ontario - Marika Morris, Carleton University, [email protected] The co-operative housing movement in Ontario advocates on behalf of 550 co-ops which provide a mix of subsidized housing and market rent units. Co-op members tend to be diverse in terms of race, ethnicity, language, Aboriginality, immigration status, ability, gender, sexuality, age, family status, health status, as well as income. In the 1990s, the Mike Harris government downloaded social housing to Ontario’s 47 municipalities, accompanied by the Social Housing Reform Act (SHRA). The co-op movement fought against the SHRA, successfully lobbied to change some of its provisions as well as changing some of the regulations brought in by the municipalities. Currently, the co-op housing movement is involved in discussions about uploading, and continues to mobilize co-op members to become politically active. In addition to outlining the current state of the co-op housing movement in Ontario, two main themes will be discussed: 1) The challenges of operating under the seven international cooperative principles when these conflict with the policies and priorities of the funding government. These challenges offer lessons about how social movements deal with co- optation and roadblocks to social change; and 2) The challenges of organizing across multiple barriers and socioeconomic/demographic differences, and in the absence of sufficient funding.
CSA097 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same? Canadian Higher Education in the First Decade of the New Millenium – Organiser: Claire Polster, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina, [email protected] – Chair: Janice Newson, Department of Sociology at York University, [email protected] - Discussant: Janice Newson. The purpose of this session is to analyze, critique, and propose solutions to the ongoing restructuring of Canadian higher education in the context of changes that have taken place over the last thirty years. To what extent are current transformations of higher education
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 68 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
consistent with those of the past, and to what extent do they differ from them? To what extent are responses and strategies from the past still relevant and valuable, and what new strategic options are open and called for? Papers that are conceptual, empirical, or a combination of these are welcome. 1) Docile Bodies in the Academy? University Reform and Neo-liberal ‘transformational change’ in New Brunswick - Nob Doran, Social Science, University of New Brunswick, [email protected] This paper situates the recent proposals for reform of the post-secondary education sector in New Brunswick, within the wider social context of ‘university reform’ in a number of English-speaking countries. Although acknowledging the valuable insights put forward by a number of critical schools (political economy, feminism, governmentality), this paper argues that Shore and Wright’s ‘genealogical’ analysis of university reform in the UK may provide us with a clearer picture of where the New Brunswick PSE reform proposals (2007) may be headed. For them, the UK reforms which accompanied that country’s move towards ‘neo-liberalism, heralded the emergence of Foucauldian ‘disciplinary power’ within institutions of education, rather than the traditional institutions of the ‘carceral complex’. The paper concludes with a discussion of the question of ‘resistance’ to such disciplinary power, and briefly suggests that the embodied resistance displayed in New Brunswick goes well beyond the ‘political reflexivity’ that Shore and Wright called for in the UK context. 2) Elite Power and Educational Restructuring - Jamie Brownlee, PhD Candidate, Carleton University, [email protected] There is a widely-held assumption - in popular culture as well as mainstream theoretical and historical scholarship - that educational systems operate relatively independently of the influence of elites. At the same time, critical educational literature points to a purposeful corporate agenda to commercialize educational institutions and integrate them more closely with the priorities of capitalist development. This stream of critical work has been critiqued for advancing a one-dimensional, conspiratorial view of educational reform. This paper counters these critiques though an examination of the exercise of elite power in the educational sphere (in both Canada and the United States) in three distinct historical periods: the mid-19th century, the early 20th century and post-World War Two. In each of these historical periods, the structure and purpose of educational institutions were modified largely at the behest of economic and other elites seeking to define and implement a particular model of educational reform. I argue that an analysis of the strategies and tactics historically used by elites to shape and control educational restructuring is key to understanding - and resisting - the nature and impacts of the current elite agenda to further “corporatize” education. 3) Academic Labs in the Biomedical Sciences: Key Changes in the Organization of Work when Growth is a Survival Strategy:- Annalisa Salonius, Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Science and Technology Studies, Cornell University [email protected] Despite the dependence of most academic scientists in Canada and the U.S. on research funding, the effects of funding arrangements have not been systematically examined. Based on findings from 78 work history interviews with graduate students, postdocs, technicians and professors done during an ethnographic study of biomedical labs in leading Canadian universities, in an earlier paper, I showed how a shift in the 1980s resulting in the dependence of their careers on competitive federal grants led professors in the biomedical sciences to change their practices; attempting to obtain multiple grants (instead of relying on the renewal of one grant), recruiting graduate students and post-doctoral researchers as research assistants (instead of technicians, as in the past) and if successful, building a larger lab group composed primarily of trainees (Salonius, forthcoming). In this paper, I examine the effects of this strategy on the organization of research and training at the level of the lab, and some of its implications for post-graduate training as a whole. The main argumentis that there are key changes in organizational practice in labs as they grow, and as a result, there tend to be important differences in the organization of research and training between new, small and large academic labs in this field. 4) Inefficiencies of the Business Model: Some ill effects of corporate practices in Canadian universities - Claire Polster, Department of Sociology and Social Studies, [email protected] Over the last twenty-five years, Canada's universities have been encouraged to, and have sought to, become more like corporations in all of their activities. This corporatization has been promoted and justified on the grounds that it would enhance our universities' contribution to national economic competitiveness and that it would make our institutions of higher learning more efficient and effective. While many analysts have challenged the competitiveness argument, few have addressed the efficiency question. In this paper, I argue that rather than making our universities more efficient, various corporate practices (such as the growing use of head hunters and branding campaigns) are wasteful of precious public resources and serve to erode our universities' service to the public in a variety of ways. This, however, need not be the case. After addressing some ways in which corporatization promotes inefficiency and waste, some measures to redress this are proposed.
THURSDAY MAY 28 – JEUDI 28 MAI – 13:30 – 15:00
CSA099 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Innovations in Sociological Research – Organiser: Liz Quinlan, PhD, University of Saskatchewan, [email protected] - Chair: Curtis Fogel, University of Calgary, [email protected] - Discussant: Andrea Quinlan, PhD Student, York University, [email protected] Innovative methodologies challenge existing conventions in the assumptions and practices of sociological research. This session invites papers that transcend traditional dichotomies such as theory/method, qualitative/quantitative, objective/subjective, and ethical/unethical. In this session we hope to highlight critiques of traditional and ‘innovative’ methodologies, address emerging ethical issues associated with new methods, and explore developing methods such as cyber technologies and arts-based methods. 1) Writing and Righting Trauma: Troubling the Autoethnographic Voice - Sophie Tamas, [email protected] How do we speak meaningfully and ethically about loss and trauma? This piece grapples with the use of traumatic experiences as the basis of autoethnographic scholarship. It mulls over the impact of telling our messy, unreasonable stories in a tidy, reasonable voice, and the consequences of becoming participant-observers in our own lives. Our testimonial practices are bound by discursive norms
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 69 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
that limit our ability to tell performative stories which produce both knowledge and empathy. The scholarly authorial voice insulates us from the experiences we purport to describe and limits the impact of our work. This paper probes the relationship between therapeutic and scholarly testimonial practices and asks how we might write ourselves differently. 2) From Research to Action: Mobilizing cultural communities through Participatory Action Research - Joanna Ochocka, [email protected] Conventional methodologies within social science research have historically proven their worth. However in this new millennium, the growing empowerment of communities indicates that new methods are needed in terms of influencing social change, relationship building, and engaging diversity. Participatory Action Research (PAR) represents an alternative and collaborative approach to community-based research, whereby mutually satisfying and productive results can be potentially generated. In this presentation, community engagement by way of PAR will be presented and critically discussed through the example of a Community University Research Alliance (CURA) currently underway in the Waterloo and Toronto regions of Ontario, Canada, titled “Taking Culture Seriously in Community Mental Health.” Working from the principles of PAR, direct and ongoing participation from five different ethno- linguistic communities provides a significant component of this interactive and value-driven project, with special emphasis on relationship building, social action, community empowerment, and policy development around mental health services as intended outcomes. This presentation will provide a brief overview of this innovative research project, and of the emerging framework that could guide future community-based projects working toward social change. 3) Re-evaluating Anecdotal Evidence: Methodological Reflections - Stephen Harold Riggins, [email protected] Anecdotes are very brief stories, which are supposed to be about factual (or at least plausible) events that happened to a storyteller or to some other real person. They generally conclude with a more or less surprising point the storyteller is trying to make. Anecdotes are thus exemplary statements in that they reveal a perceived essence of a person, a category of people, or a situation. In scientific literature references to anecdotes are usually made in an apologetic manner because anecdotes tend to be opposed to sound date and theory. Indeed, there are good reasons for rejecting anecdotal evidence. It has been gathered and presented in a manner which lacks the methodological rigor of scientific research. At best, a plausible anecdote about health and natural phenomena may suggest an hypothesis. It then needs to be verified under objective conditions. However, many anecdotes recount commonsense knowledge about social experiences which cannot be dismissed quite so easily as the product of casual observation. Anecdotes about social life are found in all types of occasions and societies. They could be thought of as windows onto the dynamics of broad social phenomena rather than dismissed as unreliable and irrelevant. It is conceivable that a body of anecdotes – which are both micro-narratives and a mode of interaction – might provide information about a range of social phenomena which is just as reliable as surveys. Unfortunately, anecdotes are probably more difficult to collect and a theory to support such an endeavor is still lacking. This research is an investigation of a collection of mass-mediated anecdotes about two common and related themes, self-validating and adaptive strategies. The aim is to explore the full scope of the broader stories implied by anecdotes. It is argued that the methodological tools which Critical Discourse Analysis (Teun van Dijk, Norman Fairclough) and Narratology (William Labov, Michael Toolan) can bring to the systematic study of anecdotes is a methodological advance which can be used to reconsider information previous generations of sociologists have gathered in life documents and ethnographies.
CSA100 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA
CSA101 -Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Care Work: What are the Issues for Women Today? - Organiser: Pat Armstrong, [email protected] - Chair: Pat Armstrong, York University – Discussant: Hugh Armstrong, Carleton University Almost one in five women are employed in health service and social services and even more provide unpaid care. Although more women have been moving into the traditional male domain of medicine, women remain the overwhelming majority of most other job categories in the health and social services and still do the bulk of the personal, daily care at home. This session invites papers on theories of care that help us understand both why this is still women's work and what the consequences are for women. The session is also open to papers that explore gender in relation to conditions of work in health and social services and to papers that examine change, or the potential for change in the nature and conditions of this women's work. 1) Invisible caring: women and long-term care work - Tamara Daly, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, School of Health Policy and Management, York University, [email protected] This paper focuses on working conditions in the highly gendered, hierarchical and racialized work / home environments of long-term care nursing homes. These are private homes for society’s most dependent people in need of intimate social, emotional and medical care and working places for a mostly female workforce of nurses, personal support workers and dietary and social care aides. The paper aims to contribute to debates on care work by interrogating the space between what actions are apparent to workers as constituting good care -- based on their training or sense of justice -- and the care environment that structures how care is practiced on the ground where working conditions sometimes put workers in situations to /not care thoroughly, /to/ care by breaking rules, /or to /care on their own time/. Invisible caring is used conceptually throughout the paper to explore how power relations between managers and workers play out in terms of workers’ sublimated voices, and their resistance to “not care”. It raises issues based on workers’ responses to a survey and focus groups including inadequate staffing leading to heavy workloads; management’s lack of communication; poor health and safety conditions; violence from residents; and the emotional toll of caring. 2) Nurses at risk: an update of ongoing research - Jacqueline Choiniere, RN, PhD and Judith Macdonnell, RN, PhD, both Assistant Professors, School of Nursing, York University, and one other co-author TBA This paper presents an analysis of the key informant interviews conducted for /Nurses at risk: Exploring gender and race in workplace illness, injury and violence,/ a SSHRC-funded, multi-year, quantitative and qualitative exploration of the relationships of gender, race and other social locations to the work and health of regulated nurses in Ontario. This research builds on /The National Survey on the Work and Health of Nurses/ (NSWHN) findings that a majority of nurses are experiencing work-related illness, injury and/or violence.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 70 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
The objective of the Nurses at Risk project is to provide a finer-grained analysis of the gendered and racialized patterns of illness, injury and violence across the various locations in which nurses practice, with the goal of identifying strategies for change. The key informant interviews offer an initial snapshot of the inequality of access by nurses to safe work environments, full-time positions, administrative and clinical support and respect. The analysis of these interviews explores the patterns of violence, abuse and the level of access to, and effectiveness of, organizational and/or professional supports within different workplaces as well as informing the project’s ongoing interviews and quantitative analysis.
CSA102 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Social and Cultural Aspects of Death and Dying – Organiser: Ivan Emke, Associate Professor, Social/Cultural Studies Head, Division of Social Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] – Chair and discussant: TBA A major moment in our personal experience of embodiment is clearly the process of crossing over from life to death. This moment also forms the basis for many of our fears and motivations. Furthermore, how we anticipate, acknowledge, cope with and remember the deaths of those around us is of great social and cultural significance. This session will focus on how human societies deal with the social ruptures which are caused by death. The papers can cover a wide range of research areas, including the representations of death in our culture, rituals of remembrance, issues related to hospice care, trends in funeral and memorial practices, historical or cross-cultural studies of death and dying, the analysis of professional groups who work with the dying or the dead, as well as other cognate topics. Papers from diverse perspectives from within the social sciences are welcomed. 1) The cultural foundations of death and dying in modern medical practice - Diego Llovet, Department of Sociology, York University, The Grey Zone of Health and Illness, The Culture of Cities Centre, [email protected] A basic fact of the modern medical encounter is that doctors and patients must accept that medicine may be incapable of restoring the patient to health –that medical progress has limits. This is a matter of practical training for doctors, who must learn how to distinguish between what medicine can and cannot do for the patient, as well as a difficult experience for those patients obligated to confront a verdict of medical incapacity. Where patients are presumed to be dying or irreversibly damaged (e.g. some geriatric, intensive care and terminal patients), doctors often speak of the futility of further treatment and signal to patients and their families that it is time to “let go”. While many patients and families accept this pronouncement, others refuse to give up and demand further treatment, possibly encountering resistance from their physicians. This paper shows the medical profession’s construction of the “unreasonableness” of these demands, using recent legal cases in Ontario in which physicians sought legal orders to override the wishes of patients and their families and to terminate treatment via the withdrawal of life support and the implementation of Do Not Resuscitate orders. These cases reveal the cultural imaginary that modern medicine resorts to in order to deal with the very material facts of death and dying. 2) Perspectives on Death within the Huntington Disease Community - Michael Halpin, Graduate Student, MA Program, Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, [email protected] Huntington Disease (HD) is a genetic, degenerative neurological illness that affects mood, cognition and motor movement. Complications from the disease result in death 10 to 15 years post-diagnosis. However, individuals may be aware that they have HD years before the development of the most severe effects. Drawing on qualitative interview data, this presentation describes the perspectives on death of both individuals living with HD (n=15) and their partners (n=7). Interviews revealed that partners equated a diagnosis of HD with the inevitability of death from the disease. In contrast to this certainty, individuals living with HD emphasized a non-fatalistic description of their future by highlighting the possible effects of random and chance events. While these individuals acknowledged both their diagnosis and the fact that HD was a fatal illness, they stated that their death from HD was not a certainty. These findings have implications for both the manner in which death is discussed within the context of degenerative illnesses, as well as for the literature on death and dying, which predominately focuses on the latter stages of terminal illnesses. 3) The Influence of the Second World War on the Professionalization of Funeral Services in Britain and the United States - Ivan Emke, Associate Professor, Social/Cultural Studies, Sir Wilfred Grenfell College, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] This paper focuses on the impact of World War II on Funeral Services in the United Kingdom and the United States. In the two countries, the war provided both challenges and opportunities. In the US the war created challenges as manufacturers of funeral merchandise shifted to war production, but it allowed Funeral Services to further consolidate their role (in the care of the war dead, for example). In the Funeral periodicals, there was a clear focus on supporting the war effort (even though it meant a lack of materials for steel vaults and hearses). The advertising was explicitly nationalistic, especially after the US joined the war effort. In the UK, the war created other challenges (as the country was under direct air bombardment). Funeral Directors became involved in civil defense activities, and the war offered an opportunity for them to increase their professional stature (as an extension of public health and civil defense). In addition, the presence of embalmers and mortuary workers within the US military who were stationed in Britain resulted in more promotion of embalming. However, the chance for increased stature was not realized in the end, and an opportunity of increased professionalization during the war period was not realized. In the end, the paper shows how major contextual factors (such as a war effort) can affect the professional stature of an occupational group.
CSA103 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Religion and Identity II – Organiser: Kelly Amanda Train, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] - Chair and discussant: Fiona Whittington-Walsh, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University [email protected] Religion is not limited to understanding of religious observance and practice, but also to how religion as a secular, ethnic and religious identity informs how people situate themselves within a wider community. This session seeks papers that explore the intersection between religion, religiosity, secularism, identity and society. (See also CSA085) 1) Religious Participation and Gender Relations: The Case of Recent Chinese Immigrants in Canada - Wei Wei Da, Division of Sociology and Family Studies, Brescia University College, University of Western Ontario, [email protected] Although there has ben a continuation of long term decline in religious affiliation in mainstream religions (Roman Catholics and
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 71 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Protestant denominations) in Canada, many empirical studies highlight the increased and heightened religious participation among various immigrant communities. China has been one of the top immigration source countries in Canada in recent decades, yet limited studies have examined the pattern of religious participation among the Chinese, as well as how such participation influences their settlement experience. Drawing on data gathered in semi-structured indepth interviews with 14 Chinese women and men living in London, Ontario, this paper examines their religious participation and family relations in the process of settlement. Pathways to religiosity after arrival among the respondents in this study are explored. Implications for services are also discussed.
2) Deviant or Disciple? Positioning a Christian Identity in Anti-Racism Praxis - Kerry-Ann Escayg, Department of Sociology and Equity Studies in Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, [email protected] Historically, Christianity has been utilized in ways that have brought great pain, dehumanization and marginalization to others. Despite this great injustice against humanity, the author contends that Christianity in itself is rooted in principles of anti-racism/oppression. Accordingly, the goal of this paper is to examine Christianity as a form of social justice and its convergences with anti-racism education. This discourse commences with a brief overview on the author’s social location and how it has shaped her spiritual beliefs and academic pursuits. A discussion on anti-racism as a theoretical framework follows, with a further examination on the salient critiques of Christianity. The concluding section of this paper will address the divergences and convergences of anti-racism with Christianity, and the positioning of the author’s Christian identity and activist pursuits in secular academia. 2) Toward a Common Understanding: Interfaith Groups Bridging the Divide in Canada’s Multicultural Framework - Matthew Lye, MA Sociology, University of Waterloo, [email protected] This paper explores the position of interfaith organizations in the context of Canadian multiculturalism. I argue that these groups have the potential to unite disparate religious faith communities by encouraging a personal engagement with different models of belief and cultural understanding.Multiculturalism can be promoted either positively, focusing on promoting dialogue and understanding of differences, or negatively, through the enforcement of hate crime laws or other punitive measures. While governments can sanction individuals who break laws, it is not possible to enact legislation that mandates a positive attitude toward diversity. In contrast to the macro-level, impersonal, legal-rational basis for official Canadian multiculturalism, interfaith groups rely on micro-level, grassroots traditional forms of authority to promote respectful interaction between members. Two key theorists will inform my research. Charles Taylor’s focus on group versus individual rights and multiculturalism will be linked to the theories of Jürgen Habermas, specifically his arguments about the relevance of secularism in liberal democracies. With an understanding that religion is still a vital element of our society, despite increasingly vocal claims to the contrary, I will use these authors to argue that interfaith groups represent a respectful way to include Canadians’ religious group identities in public discussions of diversity.
CSA104 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA
CSA105 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Sociology of Culture II - Organiser: Vanina Leschziner, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] - Chair : Neil McLaughlin, Department of Sociology, McMaster University, [email protected] Discussant: Ailsa Craig, Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] This session invites papers on the Sociology of Culture, and seeks submissions of cultural analysis of areas of social life as varied as social movements, the economy, occupations and work, mental health, the sciences. Papers on the more restricted areas of research of production, distribution or consumption of cultural products (such as music, films, literature, television) are also welcome. The focus of this session is not on this restricted area of “culture,” but on issues of evidence and warrant in the Sociology of Culture. Papers with quantitative, qualitative, comparative historical, or network analysis methods are all equally welcome. (See also CSA060 et CSA114) 1) Ethnicity, Nation, and Worth: How literary reviewers use authors’ race and ethno-national origins to construct literary worth - Phillipa Chong, Ph.D. Student, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] Book reviews are a key site for establishing the cultural value of a novel. While it is well established that artistic worth is socially constructed, we lack a basic understanding of how authors’ race/ethnicity contributes to the cultural valorization of a novel. In other words, how do race and ethnicity function as tools for critical appraisal? Based on textual analysis of 267 book reviews drawn from the The New York Times Book Review and TheNew Yorker magazine published in 2007, I find that race and ethnicity are tools for two distinct functions: 1) distinguishing literary worth by establishing the authenticity of the novels, and 2) classifying works into ethnic genres. Both contribute to the valorization of novels for their exoticism and didacticism. Quantitative count data further reveals that reviewers are more likely to discuss writers’ race/ethnicity depending on the ethnic origins of the author. I conclude by discussing how my findings contribute to our understanding of what role race/ethnicity plays in cultural valuation. I also consider the larger cultural implications of this treatment of race/ethnicity in a symbolic realm for our understanding of race and ethnic relations in the contemporary United States. 2) Writing about Theater is like Dancing about Architecture’: A Study into the Performance and Rhetoric of Drama Critics - Jonathan Roberge, Post-doctoral Fellow, The Center for Cultural Sociology, Department of Sociology, Yale University, [email protected] The pragmatic turn in social sciences has had multiple implications in recent years, especially in cultural sociology. Drawing from the work of Alexander (in the U.S.) and Boltanski / Thevenot (in France), one could argue, for instance, that the relationship between artists and publics gives rise to more complex networks of mediations, in which states, associations, and all sorts of “hermeneutical powers” (Alexander) play an important role. In particular, if theater and social life are to mirror one another, this would prove to be impossible without the tangible intervention of critics. It is thus our central argument that looking at critics’ work allows for a better understanding of how critical discourses and representations evolve as a ‘competence’ within culture and society — and not above them as in former models of critical theory. Theater journalists form what Zelizer calls “interpretative communities”, which might be less and less institutionalized, but nevertheless still well-structured. In turn, the principle shaping these communities could be best
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 72 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
described as a “conflict of interpretation” (Ricœur), wherein critics always mediate between artists and audiences, the purpose of this negotiation being the struggle for their recognition. In the process, they display a series of justifications among which are particularly noteworthy the demonstration of their passion and, sometime in pure contradiction, the expression of their objectivity. 3) The Cultural Veil of Self Esteem - Ailsa Craig, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Sociology, [email protected] Self-esteem is often presented in our current North American media climate as akin to a necessary resource. Boosting self-esteem is seen as a worthy aim in designing outreach initiatives or community programming, and low self-esteem is consistently constructed as a social problem that requires remedy to prevent further social ills. This paper interrogates the concept of self esteem, and examines how it is used through a preliminary examination of contemporary media usage of the term. Using the work of Bourdieu, it is argued that self esteem can be better understood as a form of cultural capital distributed according to one’s social position. Rather than looking for social determinants of self-esteem, or examining the existence of self-esteem within the rubric of social psychology, this paper argues that the concept of self-esteem is a veil used 1) to shield us from acknowledging the existence and effects of structural inequality, and 2) to place the locus of the ‘problem’ in the lap of those who require assistance and thereby allow those with structural privilege to abdicate responsibility for systems that accord them structural advantage. 4) Patron, facilitator or provider? Social policy for cultural industries in Atlantic Canada - Lynda Harling Stalker, Assistant Professor, Sociology Department , St. Francis Xavier University, [email protected] Funding of “the arts,” or more generally cultural industries, has long been a political issue in Canada. On one side of the debate, cultural workers claim that their work provides Canada with an identity that transcends our borders and becomes emblematic of Canadians. This identity creation therefore deserves the collective support of citizens. At the other end of the spectrum, people will argue that support of cultural industries is wasting taxpayers’ money, as the majority will not even view the end cultural products (e.g. ballet and opera). How then, within this context, have provincial governments in Atlantic Canada come to support cultural industries? After a conceptual discussion on cultural industries and workers, this paper sets out to explore the current cultural industries policies in each of the four Atlantic provinces. In particular, the craft industry will be used as a case study of a cultural industry that is not traditionally part of “the arts,” but has long been part of Atlantic Canada’s development policies and programmes (see Overton, 1996 and MacKay 1994). Key questions guiding this paper will include: Are cultural industries and workers recognised as identity-makers? Is the cultural aspect or the industry aspect emphasised in the policy? Is the state a patron of culture, a facilitator of development or a provider of social assistance?
CSA106 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Caring for Children I – Organiser and chair: Glenda Wall, Department of Sociology, Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] – Discussant: TBA. Papers are invited that explore the social constructions, cultural representations, and/or experiences associated with the task of providing care for children. This may include studies of organized child-care, motherhood and fatherhood as well as studies that examine the cultural understandings of childhood as they relate to child care. Papers are also encouraged that focus on some aspect of social inequality (e.g. gender, class, race and ethnicity, ability, or sexuality) with regard to child care. (See also CSA120) 1) Men, paid employment and family responsibilities: reconceptualizing the“working father” - Gillian Ranson, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology. University of Calgary, [email protected] In popular discourse, “working mother” as a descriptor suggests a woman whose primary status is mother, and (but?) who is also in paid employment. Also implicit in the term is the assumption that, because she is primarily a parent, her paid employment will be configured around her family, which will take priority. “Working father”, to the extent that it appears at all in popular discourse and scholarly writing, carries different connotations. In particular, there are no assumptions about the primacy of the “father” status for “working fathers”. This paper, however, introduces a group of men who, I argue, are “working fathers” in the sense of the term usually applied to mothers. All were sharing equitably in direct care of, and responsibility for their children, and all had compromised their working lives in a variety of ways in order to do so. The paper draws from a larger study of couples with dependent children who were breaching gender stereotypes in their division of earning and caring work. Its focus is on how fathers reframed their family responsibilities to incorporate direct care and responsibility for children, as well as financial provision, and the ways they organized their working lives in order to make their families a priority. 2) Between Individual and Interpersonal Competence: Childrearing Concerns Underlying Childbearing Decisions in Singapore - Shirley SUN Hsiao-Li, Assistant Professor, Division of Sociology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, [email protected] or [email protected] This paper examines childrearing concerns that lie behind childbearing decision-making within the post-industrial, multiethnic context of Singapore. In spite of pro-natalist state policies since 1987, over the decades, fertility rates have remained below the replacement level. I explore the reasoning behind child-bearing decisions among Singaporeans, based on a larger study consisting of semi- structured interviews with 165 women of childbearing age and 39 focus-group interviews with couples, their peers and their parents. Preliminary data analysis suggests that two modes of reasoning underlie childbearing decisions. On the one hand, there is a concern with raising a child to excel in an increasingly expensive and competitive global world based on knowledge-economy. On the other hand, there is a concern that a child should be raised to be able to relate to and cooperate with others in order to better develop moral character and good citizenship – and this is often given as a reason to have several children. With an awareness that the economic resources needed to provide for children are limited, respondents are wrestling over which concern should take priority. The data show that parents from higher-income households tend to stress ’competitiveness’ – that is, marshalling resources to raise the one child to have a competitive advantage. Thus, while state policies are aimed at inducing parents to increase the number of children by providing an economic bonus, social class differences in decision-making have generated a counter-intuitive result for policies implemented since the mid-1980s. Implications for the quantity versus quality theory of fertility are discussed. 3) Child Care Coverage in Four Daily Newspapers-Some Preliminary Findings - Patrizia Albanese, Associate Professor,
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 73 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Department of Sociology. Ryerson University, [email protected] This project and investigation are part of the opening phase of a broader attempt to quantify, analyze and interpret media coverage of early childhood education and care (child care) in mainstream media so as to determine its extent, framing and content. Ultimately, the questions we seek to explore include: What are the media saying about child care in terms of content and frequency of coverage? How are those messages affecting the profile of child care in political life, and vice versa? We have measured the frequency of child- care coverage in four Canadian dailies so that we could determine its prominence as a topic, delineate whether coverage parallels political developments/events, and identify whether there were significant differences in the amount of coverage the newspapers devoted to child care. This paper/presentation contains some of our preliminary findings.
CSA107 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Occupations and Professions II - Organiser and discussant: Tracey L. Adams, PhD, Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, [email protected] – Chair: Yvonne Adubea Nyinaku, PhD Candidate, Sociology, University of Western Ontario, [email protected] This session seeks papers on the sociology of work, with a focus on occupations and professions. Papers may examine a variety of work-related issues, including the following: occupational trends, sex and racial segregation at work, people’s experiences of working in a variety of occupations, case studies of specific occupations and/or professions, inter-professional conflict, professionalization, and occupational change.(See also CSA016) 1) Scripting Service Encounters: Frontline Employee Experiences of the Mystery Shopper Program - Jennifer Lea Will, MA Sociology, University of Lethbridge, [email protected] This study is descriptive and explores how non-professional frontline service sector employees experience and react to a form of organizational control called the mystery shopper program. This is a perspective that service management literature h as neglected, and sociology of work literature has overlooked an examination of this form of organizational control. In total, seventeen participants who had worked in a variety of jobs, including cashier, sales associate, server, and customer service representative, met with the researcher for in-depth, semi-structured interviews. In these discussions, participants provided insight into how employees perceive, experience and respond to the mystery shopper program. Instead of experiencing crises of an authentic self, most participants reacted to the program in a variety of ways including resistance, subversion, and a range of coping mechanisms. A consequence of this form of control is its effect on employees' experiences of trust, and specifically, how they are trusted by the organization and how customers trust them. This study offers new insight into how frontline employees internalize or resist organizational forms of control and the various experiences and reactions they have about the mystery shopper program. 2) Exploring Worker Alienation in Coffee Shops: Are Co-operative Workers less Alienated than Corporate Franchise Workers? - Julia R. Woodhall, M.A. Candidate, Sociology, University of Guelph, [email protected] This paper is an exploration of worker alienation within corporate franchised and co-operative coffee shops; moreover, it examines the hypothesis: are co-operative coffee shop workers less alienated than corporate franchise workers? It has been determined that workers within the Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) Industry experience alienation similar to that of manufacturing workers. The paper presents research conducted using a qualitative case study technique, through the use of interviews, key-informant interviews, and content analysis; moreover, it adopts a Neo-Marxist framework to explore worker alienation. Specifically, this paper utilizes the alienation framework developed by James W. Rinehart, in conjunction with behavioural manifestations of alienation, to draw conclusions surrounding the data collected. This paper concludes that both sets of QSR workers are alienated; however, the corporate franchise workers reported higher levels of alienation than the co-operative workers. It is argued that increased amounts of worker control and the continuation of academic research within the QSR sector are imperative to the creation of above standard work in this industry. 3) Masculinities Under Fire: (Un)doing gender in the wake of disaster - Shelly Pacholok, PhD, Sociology, UBC, Okanagan, [email protected] Doing gender is often employed as a theory of gender conformity. As a result, we know little about how and under what circumstances gender is ‘undone’ (Deutsch 2007). I propose that crisis situations at work provide opportunities for the undoing of gender, but they do not guarantee it. I ask, “Do workplace crises ‘undo gender’? If so, how does ‘undoing gender’ look in practice? Finally, under what conditions is gender undone? I draw on interview data with 40 firefighters (mostly men) who were faced with a crisis that had the potential to undermine dominant patterns of gender practice. These firefighters lost the battle against a devastating wildfire that caused widespread damage to property and natural resources. In addition, they had to come to terms with the relatively recent arrival of competent women firefighters, and a social hierarchy in which some groups received more recognition and prestige than others. The findings indicate that these events provided challenges for doing gender. However, some practices that appeared to destabilize gender, in fact, simply reworked gender in ways that did not disrupt the larger gender order. In contrast, some actions simultaneously maintained and undermined gendered patterns of practice. I conclude that we need to further unpack what it means to ‘undo’ gender. I also discuss the implications of these findings for theorizing about change at work. 4) Between the Pink Economy and the Black Market: Images of Male-for-male Escorting - Kevin Walby, PhD Candidate, Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University [email protected] Male-for-male escorts differ from the stereotypical image of the male on-street or bar hustler who is impoverished and troubled by drug use. Treating their work as a profession, some escorts make upwards of $500 an hour depending on the services offered, which can range from bondage to snuggling and conversation. Comparing the work of male-for-male escorts in New York, Toronto, Ottawa, Montréal and London (UK) through analysis of work narratives, this paper considers the relationship between sexuality, male bodies and work. Male escorts toil with men’s bodies and use their own bodies to provide carnal pleasure in ways distinct from other kinds of service and body work. A central claim in the literature regarding both female and male sex work is that sex workers engage in emotional distancing, that work sex and ‘real’ sex are separated to prevent psychological damage to the self. This image of the sex worker rationally calculating risks and avoiding intimacy has replaced previous images of sex work as involving drugs, homelessness
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 74 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
and destitution. The problem with this replacement image of the sex worker as counterfeiter of intimacy is that it eschews how many escort-client relations involve friendship and pleasure – all to say that there is no lack but rather an abundance of linkages between work sex and private sex. I argue that the dichotomy between public/work and private/real selves in the sex work literature ignores the impact of work sex on the biographies of sex workers. Related to this concern for the self, the sex work literature also ignores the ‘spirals of pleasure and power’ Foucault (1978) discusses as integral to the deployment of sexuality. I argue these spirals of pleasure and power are integral to sexual commerce in postindustrial societies. My analysis has consequences for how we conceive of sex, work and sex work.
CSA108 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA The Sociology of Prison and Punishment - Organisers: Aaron Doyle, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] and Leah DeVellis, Ph.D. Student, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] Chair: Aaron Doyle - Discussant: TBA This session invites papers that speak to issues surrounding contemporary imprisonment and punishment in the Canadian context. Papers may include, but are not limited to, discussions surrounding the relationship(s) between punishment and society, the cultural meanings of punishment, and the role(s) of punishment in social life. 1) Neo-Sovereignty and Risk: the politics of exclusion - Gergely Eklics, Ph.D. Student, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] Governmentality writers have been attentive to shifts in strategies and regimes in many spheres of society, including correctional facilities. Governing regimes often are not displaced by another, but rather they are involved in a relation of ‘piling-up’; where new regimes take up strategies and/or technologies of other regimes, creating new ways of thinking about and acting on problems. This paper focuses on the ways in which offenders, specifically remanded inmates, are thought about and acted upon in a South-West Ontario jail. The findings suggest a marked change in the problematization of remanded inmates. This change is indicative of the emergence of a neo-sovereign regime occupying the boundary of management of risk and management of ‘bare life’. 2) Rethinking Prison Labour: Exploring theoretical linkages between prison labour and punishment - Leah DeVellis, Ph.D. Student, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] The employment of prisoners as labourers within penal institutions has its historical roots dating as far back as 16th century Europe. Although the tradition of prison labour is embedded in systems of imprisonment, research frequently describes its use as a practice of moral reform, rehabilitation, industrial training, or correctional programming; thus failing to account for prison labour as a type of punishment. When considering research on contemporary prison labour this dissonance is even more profound. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore the topic of contemporary prison labour within the sociology of punishment. Particular attention will be given to identifying the conceptual frameworks put forward by classical and contemporary theorists, as well as contemplating the ability of such frameworks to account for prison labour as a form of punishment, generally, and in the Canadian context. 3) The Restorative Justice Unit: A Restorative-Cognitive-Punitive Marriage - Justin Piché, Ph.D. Student, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] In April 2001, Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) opened the Restorative Justice Unit (RJ Unit). Housed in Grande Cache Institution (GCI), this pilot project was created by CSC to determine whether or not it would be feasible to transform the prison into a “restorative correctional environment”. Drawing on CSC’s own published and unpublished documentation on the RJ Unit, this paper critically examines how in this particular case ‘correctional’ workers adopted the descriptors of the restorative approach to legitimate the punishment and control of prisoners under the guise of restorative justice and the rehabilitative rhetoric of the cognitive behavioural approach. While the literature on restorative justice is littered with claims that this ‘alternative’ justice approach can transform penal institutions to meet restorative ends, the RJ Unit – which mostly did not adhere to the objectives, values and principles of the restorative approach – is an example of how such attempts at ‘reform’ can fail when unaccompanied by political, relational and operational changes at the structural level of ‘criminal justice’ organizations.
CSA109 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Critical Social Theory – Organiser: Christopher Powell, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Manitoba, [email protected] - Chair: Jeremy Patzer, M.A., Doctoral Candidate, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] - Discussant: Ronjon Paul Datta, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Windsor, [email protected] This session focuses on new work in critical sociological theory. Here, 'critical' is understood inclusively and ecumenically, as encompassing both, on the one hand, work critical of social relations and engaged with transformative praxis (feminist, anti-racist, socialist, queer, indigenous, etc.) and also, on the other hand, work that denaturalizes established categories of Western thought (deconstructively, genealogically, rhizomatically, etc.) in a protean and open-ended fashion. Papers that explore possibilities along either or both of these axes are invited. (See also CSA093 and CSA123) 1) Re-reading Marx(ism): Critical Materialism from Feminist, Race-Critical, and Cultural Studies Perspectives - Sean Gill, M.A. Candidate, Department of Social and Political Thought, York University, [email protected] Bertell Ollman argues that race and gender are simply not relevant to the study of “the laws of motion of the capitalist mode of production”. Explaining away the absence of any serious consideration of race and gender in Marx’s works, Ollman attempts to convince us that Marx’s project, “uncovering the laws of motion of the capitalist mode of production,…simply required a more restricted focus”. This paper concerns the viability of Ollman’s claim. Drawing on the insights of orthodox Marxism, feminist science studies, critical-race and cultural studies theory, I seek to recover the radical critical potential of Marx’s critical/dialectical procedure through the process of immanent critique. Engaging with The German Ideology, Paris Manuscripts, Introduction to the Grundrisse, and Capital, I argue, contra Ollman, for a critical reading of Marx’s thinking as characterized by an irreconcilable tension between two opposing tendencies: a latent but truly radical conceptualization of materiality, consciousness, and human nature; and a manifest and truly
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 75 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
reactionary vulgar materialism. Exposing the tension between these two elements destabilizes Marx’s narrative of world-historical capitalist development and the emergence of a communist movement essentially economic in nature, opening up the terrain for the formulation of truly revolutionary Marxian political projects. 2) Bodies that Labour: Intersectional Analysis and Marxist Social Theory - David Lavin, Doctoral Candidate, Department of Sociology, York University, [email protected] Bodies are at the centre of debate in much recent social theory, but the body and its relation to labouring is often absent. This is regrettable, because it is on labouring bodies where the intersections of class, race, and gender relations become quite visibly expressed. Returning to Marx can help us theorize how these relations mutually constitute each other and mark and debase particular bodies in capitalist societies. Marx placed considerable emphasis on labouring bodies, their labouring activities, and how certain bodies are used and abused in the processes of social production and reproduction. People’s lived realities, experienced in real, sensuous, labouring bodies, are not based on segmented experiences within disconnected class, gender, and ‘race’ relations; in the processes of social production and reproduction these relations are experienced simultaneously and through each other. Resistance in these processes must also be seen as a bodily act involving both mental and physical labour. This paper argues that labouring bodies cannot be evaded in social theory: it is on these real, sensuous, labouring bodies that class, gender, and race relations become socially inscribed; it is in these bodies that experiences of oppression, exploitation, and inequality are lived and acts of resistance to this domination arise. 3) Critical Theory, Meet Critical Theory: Getting Marxism and Postmodernism Tangled Up in Each Other - Christopher Powell, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Manitoba, [email protected] The term ‘critical theory’ may connote theory concerned with the criticism either of texts or of sociopolitical institutions; the two overlap to the extent that institutions are textually determined or vice versa. Given past limitations in historical materialism’s facility for renegotiating subaltern cultural identities, and the present infelicity of cultural postmodernism for challenging the class relations of neo- liberal capitalism, these two projects have tended to go their separate ways, viewing textual determination as either negligible or decisive. This paper argues that the disconnect between Marxian and postmodernist social theories has much to do with their conceptions of social structure. Marxian and postmodernist theory have differed in the degree of emergence and systemic integration they ascribe to social phenomena. A heterarchical or ‘tangled-systems’ conception of social systems can synthesize the constructionist account of knowledge with a materialist account of practical social relations.
CSA110 – Panel (no call for paper) - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 13:30 - Room/Salle TBA Globalization of Health Labour: The Canadian Experience in Context - Organiser and Chair: Ivy Lynn Bourgeault, Professor, Bachelor of Health Sciences Program, Associate Director, Community Health Research Unit, CIHR Chair in Health Human Resource Policy, University of Ottawa [email protected] – Discussant: Ron Labonte, University of Ottawa This session will address the issue of the globalization of health labour primarily through the migration of health workers from developing to developed nations. The first paper will address the role of internationally educated health professionals (IEHPs) in the Canadian health human resource policy context with a focus on physicians, nurses and midwives. This will be followed by an examination of the experiences of these IEHPs with the migration and integration process. The role of immigrant care workers in the home and long term care sections will be the focus of the third paper. All three of these papers will draw upon data from B.C., Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. The fourth paper will look beyond the Canadian context to examine the impact of the migration of health workers on a range of so called source countries to Canada highlighting the Philippines, India, South Africa and the Caribbean region. The final paper will examine the broader context of push and pull factors affecting the migration of IEHPs.
1. Comparing Perspectives on the Role of Internationally Educated Health Professionals in Can, US, UK & Australia - Yvonne LeBlanc, Johanna Geraci, Rishma Parpia, Judi Winkup & Elena Neiterman, McMaster University 2. Reflecting on the Experiences of IEHPs in Canada - Elena Neiterman, Ken Viers, Jane LeBrun, Judi Winkup, McMaster University 3. The Role of Immigrant Care Workers in Aging Societies - Jelena Atanackovic, Rishma Parpia, Jane LeBrun, Judi Winkup & Ahmed Rashid, McMaster University 4. Source Country Perspectives on the Migration of Health Workers - Brenda Ogembo, Rishma Parpia & Nadia Oryema, University of Ottawa 5. Push or Pull: What Moves Health Workers - Ron Labonte, University of Ottawa
THURSDAY MAY 28 – JEUDI 28 MAI – 15:15 – 22:00
CSA111 - Meeting/Réunion - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 15:15 - Room/Salle TBA
Annual General Meeting 2009 of the members of the CSA Assemblée générale 2009 des membres de la SCS
The Annual Awards Ceremony will be part of the AGM. La cérémonie annuelle de remise des récompenses aura lieu pendant l'Assemblée générale.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 76 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
CSA112 - Meeting/Réunion - Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 17:00 - Room/Salle TBA Meeting of the new CSA Executive Committee – Réunion du nouveau Comité Exécutif de la SCS
FRIDAY MAY 29 / VENDREDI 29 MAI – 09:00 – 10:30
CSA113 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Explorations in the Sociology of Literature II - Organiser and discussant: Andrea Doucet, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, Duncombe Studio for Social and Cultural Analysis, [email protected] – Chair:Jennifer Henderson, Department of English, Carleton University The sociology of literature is a largely undeveloped field of study and research in Canada. This session seeks to address this gap. We invite papers on topics that explore the multiple connections between sociological theory/research/writing and literature/fiction. Possible paper topics include: the overlaps between sociological theory and literary theory; narrative analysis and its links with literary theory; using fiction and creative non-fiction as sources of ‘data’ and research evidence; analyzing and interpreting fiction using sociological theory; the relationship between literature and group identities; the social and collective nature of literary production; reflexivity and the author; distinctions and possible overlaps between fiction and sociological works. Other paper ideas are welcome and encouraged. (See also CSA094) 1) Anne and Evangeline: Silent Neighbors - Lynda Harling Stalker, Sociology, St. Francis Xavier University, [email protected] In 2008, L.M. Montgomery’s influential book Anne of Green Gables turned one hundred. In the wake of this anniversary many books came out about the author and her infamous work. However, throughout the myriad of critical (or perhaps not so critical) examination of the two, there is silence among the academics about ethnicity. In particular, the relationship between the Scottish-Canadian authoress, her characters of similar background and the Acadian community on Prince Edward Island remains largely under examined. This paper sets out to examine the ethnocentric, if not ethnochauvinistic, leanings in Montgomery’s work and how this has manifested a “silence” in the cultural tourism of Prince Edward Island’s Acadian community. 2) Sociology and Fiction: What’s Love Got To Do With It? - Ian Flaherty, Department of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Sydney, Australia, [email protected] This paper discusses an element of what is a larger study surrounding the effects of written stories on intimate relationships. Here, I explore the idea that “biographical ethnography can aid the steering of a course ‘between the over-determinism of some varieties of socialisation theory, and the opposite extreme of seeing selves as extremely unique individuals which are the product of inner psychological processes’” (Stanley, 1993: 2, in Coffey, 1999: 132). Rather than seeing the participants in this study as only the product of their ‘inner worlds’, an attempt was made to unravel their personal narratives and the narratives that they have vicariously experienced, and possibly engaged, in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet (1967), Austen’s Emma (2006), Proulx’s Brokeback Mountain (2006), Quan’s Calendar Boy (2001) and Conigrave’s Holding the Man (1995). Coffey describes this approach as being at once able to uncover the “intertexual links between reality and representations of reality” (1999: 132) as well as conceptualise the “life or ‘lives’ as the product of biographies that are inextricably interwoven and networked” (1999: 132). In the same way that biographical ethnography may be applied to the characters in written stories, both fictional and non-fictional, this paper presents an analysis of the participants’ lives and intimate relationships as biographical constructions, sourced largely from fiction. 3) When Story Becomes Theory: Storytelling as a Form Sociological Theorizing - Dennis S. Erasga, De La Salle University, Manila, the Philippines, [email protected] Sociological imagination is an open invitation to theorize using the biography of the author. However, linking the author’s life experiences to make sense of the social is as limited as the circumstance of the teller’s life. For biographies to become theories it must capture and reflect the social and the collective nature of such experience and this is only possible in the form of stories. This paper contends that it is in the act storytelling that this collective requirement is incorporated as it is only in this mode that the teller can anchor his/herself in the center of the story that is being told willfully inviting the listener to become part of the storied world the teller is creating. Storytelling as a discursive art weaves different categories of stories that describe different layers of experience. The paper explores how such dynamics are shown by works of biographical novel (fiction and creative non-fiction) and argues that these genres are but attempts to portray different levels of experiences but collectively geared towards understanding the nature of the social. The paper ends with a challenge in sociological theorizing that is sensitive to these features and affordances of stories and their telling.
CSA114 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Sociology of Culture III - Organiser: Vanina Leschziner, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] - Chair: Neil McLaughlin, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, McMaster University, [email protected] - Discussant: Ailsa Craig, Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] This session invites papers on the Sociology of Culture, and seeks submissions of cultural analysis of areas of social life as varied as social movements, the economy, occupations and work, mental health, the sciences. Papers on the more restricted areas of research of production, distribution or consumption of cultural products (such as music, films, literature, television) are also welcome. The focus of this session is not on this restricted area of “culture,” but on issues of evidence and warrant in the Sociology of Culture. Papers with quantitative, qualitative, comparative historical, or network analysis methods are all equally welcome. (See also CSA060 et CSA105) 1) The Culture of Access: The Loss of the Ritual - Richard MacGregor, M.A. Candidate, University of Windsor, [email protected] This paper reviews Ulrich Beck’s concept of second modernity and the cosmopolitan global society, and thus postulates that the increased access of international cultures provided through the instantaneous connection of communication technologies is causing the end of authentic culture. Drawing from the works of Marshal McLuhan, Zygmunt Bauman, Fredric Jameson, Jean Baudrillard and Walter Benjamin it is thus argued that the ‘timeless’ and ‘spaceless’ virtual landscape of the internet and other dominant
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 77 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
communication technologies are causing a direct awareness and anxiety among global populations that culture is not authentic and restricted to local settings. Accordingly it is argued that as this disengagement towards local cultures begins to form, a global culture is possibly forming around a common anxiety towards the concept of ascripted and localized culture. Thus as more traditional cultures become accessible to the global community, it is argued that they begin to lose their sense of authenticity within a global consciousness. It is then argued that a global society is beginning to understand Jean Baudrillard’s concept of the simulacrum as the defining characteristic of all culture and thus is beginning to enjoy traditional culture through a process of parody. This is argued to be causing a disengagement (as Bauman suggests) from local culture and geographic regions. The work of John Urry’s Tourist Gaze is also used to draw similarities to how the global society may now be largely becoming ‘virtual tourists’ of culture—tourists of traditional culture seeking a sense of nostalgia. In conclusion, it is argued that the instant connectivity provided through the internet is beginning to form a global consciousness that understands its own entirety, and thus deteriorates the ‘parasitic ritual’ of culture as argued by Walter Benjamin. With the destruction of authentic culture, it is thus argued that the global society will be more inclined to view itself as one organism, no longer focused on prescribed and arbitrary identification systems. 2) TBA 3) Movies and the Narrative Self: Investigating Films as Cultural Resources in the Construction of Identity - Donna-Lee Wybert, M.A. Student, Culture and Society, University of Calgary, [email protected] Narrative theories of identity take as a given that the need for “story” is intrinsic to shaping and defining meaning in our lives. These story-making practices order and make sense of life’s events, create temporally meaningful episodes and elucidate purpose. Social theory considers the relationships between such personal narratives and larger social and cultural contexts and creates space to investigate the workings of reflexive subjectivity – the active shaping and development of the self by engaging with cultural memes and resources, among other things. Films are one such cultural resource and have a role to play in the narrativizing process as they provide creative texts from which we may build hermeneutic arches to interrogate or redirect personal experiences. This paper will present the initial research findings of a qualitative and exploratory study in which participants were asked in in-depth narrative interviews to reflect upon any films that significantly affected their views of themselves, their life or the world in general. By exploring how viewers make meaning from diverse films in a fashion that inform their own life stories, and by considering intervention points in the process of emplotment – a key aspect in the construction of narrative identity – this research aims to shine a light on some of the mechanisms in play when others’ narratives influence our own. 4) The Politics of Knowledge Production when the Movement Analogy Breaks Down: A Case Study of Canadian Semiotics - John McLevey, MA Candidate, Department of Sociology, McMaster University [email protected] Interaction between the sociology of social movements and the new sociology of ideas is becoming more common as the empirical interests of researchers in both fields converge. Contributing to a new “multi- institutional politics” framework, social movement scholars are beginning to explore connections between activism and university organization. Similarly, sociologists of knowledge, science and ideas have examined the politics of professional knowledge production with conceptual tools mined from social movement research. The conscious merging of these two substantive areas raises important theoretical problems for “the new sociology of ideas.” What types of theoretical cross-fertilization are productive, and what types are not? Drawing on an earlier distinction offered by Fuchs and Plass, I consider three ways that the sociology of social movements and the sociology of knowledge interact. I suggest that the usefulness of social movement theory is determined by boundaries between professional and extra- academic fields. The more “intellectual movements” are removed from wider social movements, the more the theoretical analogy breaks down. An additional problem is the predominant focus on successful and highly visible cases characterizing both research areas. Detailed explorations of failure, marginality, and ambiguous outcomes are conspicuously absent in the sociology of social movements and neglected in the sociology of ideas. However, understanding failure is both an important foil to the dominant focus on success and worthy of empirical exploration in and of itself. Placing the academic/extra- academic boundary in the foreground, I offer an exploratory case study of Canadian semiotics, an intellectual “movement” that failed institutionally.
CSA115 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Picture Taking as Social Action: Power, Pleasure, and New Media II - Organiser and discussant: Tara Milbrandt, Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, [email protected] - Chair: Martin Hand, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Queen’s University, [email protected] The digital camera has become a ubiquitous presence in contemporary social life; indeed, the spectre of possibility that 'captured' images and ad hoc videos will (or may) later be circulated looms, increasingly, over collective spaces and scenes. While picture taking is not new, the easy broadcast-ability of images to friends, enemies, and strangers over the Internet, on the nightly news, and elsewhere, renders the image potent in ways that are new and unsettled. This session invites papers that explore specific dimensions of this fascinating phenomenon sociologically. Themes for consideration may include, but are not limited to: analyses of the porous borders of public and private life; exhibitionism and voyeurism in everyday life; power subversion and activist videos; online degradation ceremonies; visual hegemony and digital ‘evidence’; scopophilia and the 21st century city, etc. Papers organized around particular case studies or developed as more explicitly theoretical inquiries are equally welcome. (See also CSA086) 1) Iconic Irruptions and their Routinization: The Case of Abu Ghraib”, Thomas Crosbie (presenter), PhD Candidate, Yale University, [email protected] The saturation of everyday life with images has become a critical commonplace. Accordingly, exceptionally successful images are all the more intriguing to sociologists. Even more sociologically interesting is the creation of the icon, those extraordinarily successful images that transcend their materiality and accrue highly charged symbolic meanings. The images of torture and humiliation taken at Abu Ghraib certainly succeeded in the marketplace of the image. They captured the attention of a highly differentiated American public and profoundly shaped subsequent discussions of torture, military strategy and related socio-political issues. But in addition, certain of these images succeeded in connecting with viewers in the emotionally charged and partly nonrational way that characterizes the iconic. The icons of Abu Ghraib irrupted in the everyday life of millions of viewers, creating a scandal that resulted in a cascade of
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 78 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
social and political events. By drawing on the cultural sociology of Jeffrey C. Alexander and others, these icons of pollution and dysfunction can be seen to connect to deeper structures of meaning. Particularly, these images exploit fissures in the self- understanding of the agents of civil society, revealing profound contradictions that can never be fully repaired. They have dealt a blow to the cultural coherence of Americans. And yet even these powerful icons are susceptible to routinization and diminishing impact. By questioning how innate characteristics and institutional forces have converged to maintain the life of some of these images, but not others, this research attempts to further the sociological understanding of the icon. 2) The Image of Development: The ‘Third World’ Child and Narratives of Progress - Aimée Campeau (presenter), PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] This paper examines the narrative constructed regarding children from developing countries through photographic images in international development policy documents. Examples are drawn from development texts on social development, health and education policies distributed through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). I argue that these images cultivate a narrative of the ‘third world’ child as one who embodies the ideals of the development subject: that is, one focused on participatory development processes. The configuration of the body within the photograph is a ‘strategy of representation’ in that it represents the child as one willing to participate in his or her own development, and further, as one who has the potential to move out of a state of ‘underdevelopment.’ In these depictions of the body within the development text, the subject is both objectified and activated. It is flushed of its cultural and historical specificities, only to be recast as a participatory development subject under neo-liberal development discourse. In drawing out the intricacies of how these images work, I rely on Foucaultian inspired post-development theorists as well as cultural theories that problematizes the constitution of the image as a ‘strategy of representation’ within the visual economy. 3) Photo-taking in the Field and After: Belfast, Northern Ireland", Susan Salhany (presenter), PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] This paper reflects on some methodological, ethical, and theoretical issues raised by the ease of digital photo-taking, storage, and distribution in relation to conducting fieldwork and the production of knowledge. Based on my own experiential account of photographing politically charged symbolic displays in Belfast in July 2008, I consider the ways in which the technology enables or gives rise to new situations in the field. The small size, the ease of the device, its potential to be inconspicuous, and at the same time, its general ubiquitousness, enables `point-and-shoot´ cameras to go virtually everywhere, giving rise to endless moments where one can potentially take a picture. However, this also raises new dilemmas, for instance, for negotiating when and where picture-taking might be unethical, unsafe, or situationally inappropriate. I then consider the technology in relation the production and generation of knowledge. I reflect on my own inter-active engagement with picture-taking to consider how I came to photograph some scenes and not others. Drawing on theorizing in science studies and the ontological view that the world (reality) emerges from fluid, messy, non- coherent processes, I suggest that picture-taking and the assemblage of photos as evidence or for display be considered a performance, that is, a dynamic production and a cut away from a background of on-going complexity.
CSA116 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Qualitative Methodology - Organiser: Katharine Kelly, Women, Gender Studies & Sociology, Carleton University, Ottawa, [email protected] Discussant: Karen March, Dept. of Sociology & Anthropology, Carleton University, Ottawa [email protected] This session emphasizes the practical issues involved in gathering and analyzing qualitative data. While the term 'qualitative methods' can be applied to a wide range of studies employing such theoretical approaches as symbolic interaction, ethnomethodology, feminism and variants of postmodernism, all hold basic questions of methodological practice in common. These include such concerns as gaining access, developing rapport, the effects of researcher-participant interaction, criteria for rigor, coding practices, issues of reflexivity and voice, analysis and writing. Although session participants may use their own research experiences and data as examples, their papers should offer a critical review of one of these methodological debates and generate discussion of practical concern. 1) Unlocking the Black-box of Inter-Coder Reliability - Carrie B. Sanders, Assistant Professor, Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] and Carl B. Cuneo, Professor McMaster University, [email protected] Qualitative team-based researchers often argue that a team setting yields enhanced analytical and methodological rigor and facilitates the triangulation of data and theory. The present paper questions the advantages team-based research poses for analytical and methodological rigor. Analyzing our own team-based coding discussions, we notice that some of our discussions involved intra-group feuding, emotional competition among team members, and disputes over ‘correct’ coding. Do these team settings and emotional elements provide an atmosphere for enhanced rigor and increased coder reliability, or do they result in a kind of regression to the group mean in which final coding decisions are a compromise between high-quality coding positions held by individual team members? Drawing on transcripts from our team coding discussions, we examine our own coding processes and the inter-coder reliability process. From this analysis, we argue that there is something more to reliability than simply following a set of technical or methodological scientific rules. Instead, we suggest that there is an additional social element within the reliability process that incorporates team dynamics and emotionality that must be recognized if we are to truly understand both the nature of reliability and the impact team-based research has on data analysis. 2) Power, Practices and Plurality: Using Foucauldian Discursive Method for Feminist Qualitative Research - Suzanne Day, PhD student, Department of Sociology, York University, [email protected] This paper explores the usefulness of Foucauldian discursive methods for feminist qualitative research. Discourse analysis is a qualitative method that can be difficult to define. This paper argues that a discursive method which begins from Foucault’s concepts of the characteristics and operation of discourse in terms of power, practices, and plurality is one which lends itself well to feminist qualitative inquiry. Feminist projects which employ a Foucauldian discursive framework are analyzed in terms of their engagement with discussions and dilemmas raised by this form of qualitative methodology. My own discourse analysis of women’s contraceptive sterilization is also discussed in terms of its practical methodological questions of locating and analyzing discourse within historically-
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 79 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
contingent social, political and institutional contexts. Foucauldian discourse analysis thus provides an opportunity to explore key concerns in conducting feminist qualitative research, including the relationship between theory/method and the formation of our research questions. 3) When ‘least adult’ and ‘least gendered’ don’t work: Self-presentation in single-gender private schools - Jayne Baker, PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] One dimension of qualitative work is self-presentation; our ‘self’ leaves a lasting impression and influences the success of our research. In this paper, I use my ethnographic experience in two Toronto single-gender private schools to highlight problems of self- presentation. Others’ ethnographies were part of my initial self-presentation—specifically that adults doing educational research among children should be ‘least adult’ (Thorne 1993), and those doing gender research should be ‘least gendered’ (Pascoe 2007). But what happens when the reality of the field means that ‘least adult’ and ‘least gendered’ are impossible? I highlight my experience to argue that self-presentation is negotiated in response to the field. I draw on detailed fieldnotes of interactions with students and gatekeepers, as well as self-reflexive fieldnotes. In discussing my experience with a self-presentation that was re-configured in response to the field, I complicate the notion that there are rules to follow based on others’ research experience, and speak to questions about how to represent oneself in the field. While we can, to a certain extent, take for granted that self-presentation may be altered, researchers tend to emphasize what works and not what didn’t; the larger goal is to open a discussion about self-presentation that may assist those reading qualitative work in preparation for the field.
CSA117 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Environmental Risks – Organisers: Harry Diaz, Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina, [email protected]; Margot Hurlbert, Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina, [email protected] – Chair: John Parkins Global environmental problems, such as climate change, have become significantly important in the last twenty years. Just in 2008 climate related natural disasters cost the world 200 billions dollars. The risks associated to these global environmental problems are exacerbated by the risks associated to the current economic downturn. As financial credit tightens, the environmental vulnerabilities of households, communities, and regions become more serious in a context characterized by reduced income and higher unemployment. Moreover, environmental programs and protection may be called into question as business and government respond to reduced resources and credit availability. There is also a wide variety of other environmental issues such as food and water security, conservation of resources, and preservation of ecosystems, as well as a diversity of local experiences and interpretations, that add complexity to the increasing predominance of global environmental risks and their impacts upon people’s livelihoods. This session invites papers focused on the diversity of experiences of environmental risk and its relationship of society. Theoretical and empirical papers that emphasize the relationships between environmental risks and other forms of risk are especially welcome. 1) A Reluctant Expert: Reflections on a Study of Scientific Expertise in Environmental Risk Governance, Kevin E. Jones, [email protected] 2) TBA 3) Constructing the Risk of Climate change: Water governance Institutions in the South Saskatchewan River Basin - Margot Hurlbert, and Dr. Diaz, [email protected]
CSA118 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Immigration Policy, Migrant Workers & Growing Underclass - Joint session with the Society for Socialist Studies Organiser: Tony Wohlfarth, Carleton University Academic Staff Association (CUASA), [email protected] - Chair: Christine Hughes, Ph.D. candidate, Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Carleton University [email protected] - Discussant – Elke Winter, Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Ottawa [email protected] Immigration continues to shape and transform the Canadian political and economic landscape. Recent reforms to immigration policy have created a new “experience” class of immigrants to meet labour market needs, while at the same time the number of Temporary Foreign Workers (TFW) have been increased. This session will examine how Canadian immigration policy has changed the face, diversity and demographics of Canadian society. What lessons can be learned from other countries facing similar demographic pressures? 1) Mexican Workers and Farming in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia -Patricia Tomic, Associate Professor of Sociology, UBC Okanogan, [email protected] & Ricardo Trumper, Associate Professor of Sociology, UBC Okanagan [email protected] In 2004, the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) was expanded to British Columbia (BC-SAWP). The Okanagan Valley, an agricultural region that in the past, in large part, depended on French-Canadian seasonal migrant labor, has enthusiastically embraced the BC- SAWP. From a handful of Mexican workers in 2004, the program has expanded to around 1000 in 2008 (around one third of the provincial in-take). In this presentation we analyze the particularities of the SAWP in the Okanagan in the last five years. 2) The costs of “legality”: the borders and boundaries produced by migrant illegalization in Canada - Paloma Villegas, [email protected] & Francisco Villegas, [email protected] Ph.D. candidates, Department of Sociology, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE), University of Toronto This paper uses the notion of a cost-benefit analysis to explore how migrant illegalization in Canada operates. By migrant illegalization we understand the processes whereby legal and social structures interpellate migrants without full immigration status as “illegal”. This understanding comes from scholars doing similar research who propose that the legal production of migrant “illegality” (De Genova, Calavita), is a way for nation states to economically exploit and socially marginalize certain subjects. Using the idea of comparing the costs and benefits of migrant illegalization we ask: Who benefits from such a process? To which benefits are migrants without full immigration status eligible? What are the potential costs (economic and psychological) to receive such benefits? What other costs do involved parties (migrants, immigration officials, other government parties, lawyers etc.) accrue to maintain or do away with
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 80 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
illegalization? We propose that the costs are many for migrants and the benefits are few. We also argue that the socioeconomic and political system of global inequality facilitates these costs and benefits. Examples include the rise of temporary work programs, precarious employment, the explicit class-based and implicit race, gender and ability based restrictions for migrants traveling from the global South to the Global North, and finally, the complicity of the Canadian nation-state in displacing those who then come to have less than full immigration status. 3) Globalizing Guest worker programs in an Era of Neoliberal Immigration - Aziz Choudry, International Education Department of Integrated Studies in Education, McGill University, [email protected] This paper situates Canada's expanding temporary foreign worker programs (including the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program, Temporary Foreign Worker Program, live-in caregiver program and others) in the context of a global resurgence of guestworker programs, and the contested terrain of labour mobility provisions in free trade and investment agreements. I argue that Canada’s labour/immigration policies have always been highly racialized, and driven by the interests of local and global capital, and must be seen through both historical and international political economy lenses (Cook, 2004; Thobani, 2007, Kelsey, 2008). It draws from my own research and activism on bilateral and multilateral free trade and investment agreements (Choudry, forthcoming, 2009; bilaterals.org, Biothai, and GRAIN, 2008), and a SSHRC-funded study on immigrant workers’ struggles in Quebec (Choudry, Hanley, Jordan, Shragge and Stiegman, in press, 2009).
CSA119 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Intersections of Gender, Race, and Violence II – Missing/murdered Women, Preventing Violence & Promoting Health - Organisers: Kristen Gilchrist, PhD Student, Sociology, Clareton Unversity, [email protected] and Aaron Doyle, Associate Professor, Sociology, Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] –- Chair: TBA – Discussant: Hijin Park, Assistant Professor Sociology, Brock University, [email protected] Papers are invited which address the complex and intersectional nature of violence(s), including both interpersonal and/or structural violence, especially papers with a particular emphasis on exploring the links between violence, gender, and race. Papers looking at how violence interacts with other social dimensions such as class, religion, region, sexual orientation etc. are also welcome. (See also CSA045) 1) Preventing violence, promoting health: A developing culturally safe intersectional model for healthy social change - Margaret Malone, PhD, RN, Associate Professor, Ryerson University, [email protected] Objective: To examine critically the intersections and interconnections between the personal and social consequences of violence against women and children for the purpose of redirecting attention from individual and victim-blaming approaches to urgently needed upstream transformations required in the political, economic, cultural, and social realms to make a difference for the health of individuals, communities, and populations, locally and globally. Theoretical Frameworks & Methods: Critical theories that address culturally, racially, and ethnically diverse populations, together with population health promotion perspectives frame this analysis. A critical review of the broad social determinants of health is integrated to examine the extent of the problem of violence and the health and social costs for individuals, communities, and populations. Results: The analysis of violence and its determinant health and social consequences for individuals and populations leads to the strategies outlined in the Ottawa Charter: develop personal skills; create supportive environments; strengthen community action; re-orient health services; and build healthy public policy. It also demonstrates that a comprehensive interdisciplinary multi-sectoral approach within an overall health promoting perspective helps to focus on the relevant issues, critical analysis, and upstream strategies required for transformative action. A developing model attending to these intersections is outlined. Conclusions: Trajectories for healthy social change centred on social justice, equity, and emancipatory possibilities is positioned in relation to recommendations for participatory health promoting researchers, theorists, educators, practitioners, activists, and policy developers relevant to violence locally, nationally, and globally. 2) History Defining the Present: Connecting Canada’s Colonial Legacies to the Epidemic of Murdered & Missing Aboriginal Women in Canada - Kristen Gilchrist, PhD student, Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] Borrowing from the First Nations axiom that the ‘history defines the present’, this paper traces from colonization until present day, Aboriginal women's unique vulnerability to multiple experiences of violence in their lifetimes. Grounded in Indigenous feminism—which unlike most feminist theories clearly situates the roots of violence within their colonial contexts—this paper explores the violent legacies of the Indian Act, residential schools, displacement, landlessness, economic marginalization, as well as prevailing degrading stereotypes about Aboriginal womanhood. Specifically, this paper highlights how these legacies intersect to place many Aboriginal women at risk of extreme violence from men outside of and within their communities. The empirical focus of the paper is murdered and missing Aboriginal women. More than 500 Aboriginal women have disappeared or been murdered in Canada since the 1970’s. The principal argument put forth is that the deeply entrenched marginalization facing Aboriginal women increases their susceptibility and overexposure to violence(s) and also shapes societal responses— including how government, police, news media, and advocates respond to their deaths or disappearances. To support this argument, multiple case studies of murdered and missing Aboriginal women are examined—including cases which are still unsolved and those involving White and Aboriginal male offenders and accused. 3) Title TBA - Laura Van Dongen, PhD student, University of Waterloo, [email protected] & Myrna Dawson, University of Guelph When people go missing the police and the public often presume that they have done so voluntarily. However, systemic issues best explain why people go missing and a close examination of the reasons and risks associated with going missing indicates that the experience of going missing is gendered. Poverty, unemployment, domestic violence and family violence are key reasons behind peoples disappearances and these issues impact men and women differently. For women poverty and unemployment may lead to survival strategies, such as prostitution which is associated with a high risk of going missing. Moreover, women and girls face a greater risk of domestic violence and family violence compared to men and boys. Data from one Canadian police service are used to explore the nature and circumstances surrounding the disappearances of women and girls. We find that young women go missing in higher numbers compared to boys and that males and females go missing for different reasons. We also find that Aboriginal women may face
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 81 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
a particularly high risk of going missing compared to women and men of other ethnicities. Moreover, if women and girls go missing the dangers they face a high risk of physical and sexual violence and exploitation.
CSA120 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Caring for Children II – Organiser and chair: Glenda Wall, Department of Sociology, Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] – Discussant: TBA. Papers are invited that explore the social constructions, cultural representations, and/or experiences associated with the task of providing care for children. This may include studies of organized child-care, motherhood and fatherhood as well as studies that examine the cultural understandings of childhood as they relate to child care. Papers are also encouraged that focus on some aspect of social inequality (e.g. gender, class, race and ethnicity, ability, or sexuality) with regard to child care. (See also CSA106) 1) Confusion, Evaluation and Knowledge: Decision Making Processes of Infant Feeding - Judith Doyle, Associate Professor of Sociology, Mount Allison University and Rian Lougheed-Smith, Senior Researcher, MABRG, Mount Allison University, [email protected] The infant feeding decision making process takes place in an arena of competing knowledge’s and authorities, some of which are recognized as authoritative at a culturally wide scale, such as international health organizations, some which are authoritative in certain communities or among social groups and families and others still which represent the category of unique and individual ways of knowing stemming from personal experience and belief. Mothers engage in a constant (re)evaluation of infant feeding decisions and practice as they process and react to new experiences and information. This paper examines the ways in which women evaluate and interact with infant feeding information from various sources, using combinations of individual, situational and experiential criteria, as well as the social factors which allow or prevent women from evaluating information in different ways, and determine the context and at scale at which woman can act as a source of information and authority. Mothers measure their own proximity to authority as well as the proximity of their infant feeding to the recommendations and policies of various knowledge’s and authorities. Women are in this way, close to and distant from many different successes, practices and authorities all at once. Though the factors involved in these processes are individual and varied, the constant experience of monitoring and measuring of practice, personal success and efficacy as a mother was identified as an integral part of the experience of all participants. This presentation reports on research on the infant feeding experiences, practices and decisions of over 30 mothers from the Tantramar Region of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, describing the decision making processes women engage in while practicing infant feeding. 2) Protecting children’s environmental health: the mediation of chemical exposures as a care-giving responsibility - Norah MacKendrick, Graduate student (Ph.D.) Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] With growing concern over the health risks from pollutants found in air, water, food and consumer goods, exposure to environmental contaminants is increasingly managed through the selection of ‘natural’ or ‘non-toxic’ household goods and certified organic food. These products are viewed as safer choices and as effective mechanisms for managing both individual- and family-level exposure to environmental contaminants. Using frame analysis of parenting websites, ‘green’ consumer guidebooks and public health brochures, this paper discusses how exposure to potentially toxic chemicals is increasingly presented as a family health issue, thereby placing an additional burden on mothers as primary caregivers to mediate family-level chemical exposures. Frame analysis reveals that the management of chemical exposures is rapidly becoming part of the discourse around family health, such that avoidance of chemicals is presented as a normalized healthy behaviour, along with maintaining proper hygiene and balanced nutrition. The paper will discuss these findings and the implications for the literature on gender and care-giving. 3) Caring for Disabled Children: Disrupting Dominant Discourses of Disability, Carework and Family Life - Susan Ferguson, Graduate student (M.Ed.) Department of Sociology and Equity Studies in Education, OISE/University of Toronto, [email protected] This paper explores the pedagogical dimensions of caring for disabled children through an analysis of interviews conducted with the parents of disabled children who participated in a larger study on household work and lifelong learning. Drawing upon disability studies, feminist theory and interpretive sociology, I examine the representation of disability in these narratives as an unanticipated presence that troubles normative expectations of family life and exacerbates existing inequalities embedded within the social organization of carework. While dominant discourses of disability, carework and family life as individualized, privatized phenomena are prevalent within these narratives, my analysis reveals that caring for disabled children can also be understood as an intersubjective space of learning about human difference. By highlighting the pedagogical processes involved in caring for disabled children and re- orienting our understandings of disability such that we recognize it as a valued form of human embodiment, this paper seeks to disrupt dominant discourses of disability, carework and family life.
CSA121 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Making the City II - The City Concept - Organiser: Ondine Park, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] Chair & Discussant: TBA This session will explore the question of how the city is made or made meaningful, broadly understood. The city is, of course, material (actual, concrete, bounded) and the particularities of its materiality are constantly changing. The city is also processual (experiential, relational) and conceptual (imagined, representational, potent). Acknowledging that the city is a meaningful place, this session welcomes papers that address how the city comes to be made, or rendered perceptible, or made meaningful, in any of these different modes. In particular, papers that consider how different ‘makings’ of the city re-enforce, complement, overlap, defy, and/or contradict the local boundaries within which cities officially exist are encouraged. ‘The city’ is here understood loosely and may mean any of: the city as such, the city-region, the metropolis, ‘the urban’, the suburb, etc. (See also CSA048 and CSA134) 1) Negotiating the urban: Conversations about future places - Arlene Oak, Assistant Professor, Material Culture, Department of Human Ecology University of Alberta, [email protected] Before they are made real through construction, urban places and spaces are imagined and made meaningful through planning and design. Specifically, planners and designers meet and engage in conversations through which are made the decisions that become
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 82 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
city developments. This paper considers how urban planning as an activity is performed through the social context of talk. In particular, through considering the conversations that occur within the practice of urban-planning, we can see how objects - even large objects such as town developments - emerge through social interaction. These social interactions communicate participants' perceptions of what has been, is, and will be, suitable in the urban material world. Therefore, as the site for both initial, discursive representations as well as definitive decisions, such interactions can have direct consequence for the nature of the future built environment. This paper adapts aspects of Conversation Analysis to explore how communication and evaluation are performed during urban planning, with attention given to how the authority and expertise of participants is managed, and how time is conceived of as a significant factor in planning. (This paper is based on data collected for the Joint Urban Design Studios project which was conducted between the University of Cambridge and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology). 2) Meanings of the city for highly-skilled mobile professionals - Julie Cailliez, METICES / Institut de Sociologie Université Libre de Bruxelles, [email protected] Since the installation of the European Institutions, more than 100.000 mobile Europeans settled in Brussels. This paper aims at investigating how the city appears to these expatriated citizens, how the Brussels’ urban spaces become meaningful for these highly- skilled foreign workers. The analysis is based on a qualitative research carried out among civil servants and trainees of these international institutions, as well as on documents specially intended for expats (welcome guide, websites, specialized magazines). The goal is to highlight how these Europeans subjectively map the Belgian capital. As a corollary the paper will also try to understand how these mobile citizens get a feel of the city, acclimatize and adjust to it, and get involved in spaces in order to develop or not a sense of home in Brussels, according to their own projects and goals. 3) Arts Engagement in the Edmonton City-Region - Ondine Park, PhD Candidate, Sociology City-Region Studies Centre, University of Alberta, [email protected] This paper will report on a research programme on the arts-based place-identity of the Edmonton city-region, being conducted at the City-Region Studies Centre (CRSC), a research unit of the University of Alberta. The notion of the city-region both renders perceptible and geographically describes the multitude of meaningful, changing and overlapping relationships amongst and across systems, spaces, activities, things, and, especially humans, in a loosely shared geographic context. As such, the city-region can offer a perspective to investigate the urban place and make sense of contingent and fluid place-identity unconstrained by “official” politico- geographic jurisdictions that may not give expression to their lived complexities. The arts (visual, performance, creative, etc.) have a dual and potentially paradoxical capacity to confer and sustain local place identity on the one hand; and on the other hand, to exceed locality and eviscerate the particularities of place. This paper will consider the role of arts engagement in fostering an Edmonton city- region place-identity.
CSA122 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Sociology of Violence II - Education and Violence - Organiser: Dale Spencer, Ph.D. Candidate, Carleton University, [email protected] – Chair: TBA – Discussant: TBA. This session seeks papers about or related to violence, how violence should be defined, factors that influence its character, and issues that confound its observation and measurement. Papers related to forms of violence and/or levels of violence are also welcomed. (See also CSA055 and CSA135) 1) School Bullying: The Evolution of a Definition - Stephanie Howells, PhD student, Sociology, McMaster University, [email protected] Over the past two decades, there has been a significant increase in interest in the topic of school bullying in countries across the world, and bullying has recently been re-defined as a prevalent and persistent social problem. As the definition expands, it becomes more vague and amorphous, making it increasingly difficult to measure the actual prevalence of school bullying, with existing claims about the frequency of school bullying ranging from 8% to 46% (Wolke et al. 2000). This paper utilizes New Institutional Theory to understand how organizations respond to their constituents. Through an examination of the definition of bullying from documents published by a local Ministry of Education, School Board reports, and Bullying Program Guidelines, as well as the perceptions of bullying espoused by key players within the school board (through semi-structured interviews with teachers and school administrators), this paper determines that: 1) the definition of bullying is constantly growing and changing; 2) measurement of the prevalence of bullying behaviours in schools is inconsistent due to the lack of a consistent definition, and lack of an operational definition, and; 3) vague definitions lead to inconsistent policy responses, and inconsistent treatment of the bullying behaviours that occur within schools. 2) TBA 3) Violence of thought in the school systems: transforming illegitimate knowledge into legitimate knowledge by examining a Japanese indigenous knowledge - Yumiko Kawano, MA Student, Sociology, OISE/U of T, [email protected] I would like to examine one of the Japanese indigenous knowledges, “Kototama”. “Kototama” means that words carry our thoughts in their vibration. It is the heard and unheard sounds and the energy we are always producing, such as a form of speaking and thinking. Furthermore, the material world is the manifestation of vibrating energies. In the school system, while the physical violence and aggressive words can arguably be perceived through our senses, the violence of thoughts is easily hidden and is seldom considered due to our lack of awareness of indigenous knowledges like “Kototama”. In recent experiments conducted in Japan, the violence of thoughts and the nature of “Kototama” are made visible in ice crystals made from water which had been exposed to the vibrations of various words. In our campaigns to create non-violent spaces, we should also consider the effects of violent thoughts or negative thoughts on children. We should go beyond perceivable and empirical conception of violence, and at the same time interrogate why the “Kototama” is marginalized in the school system and the academy. Exploring the possibility of this knowledge could create a space to legitimate marginalized concepts of violence in the school system, including the academy.
CSA123 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA Critical Social Theory – Organiser and chair: Christopher Powell, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 83 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
Manitoba, [email protected] - This session focuses on new work in critical sociological theory. Here, 'critical' is understood inclusively and ecumenically, as encompassing both, on the one hand, work critical of social relations and engaged with transformative praxis (feminist, anti-racist, socialist, queer, indigenous, etc.) and also, on the other hand, work that denaturalizes established categories of Western thought (deconstructively, genealogically, rhizomatically, etc.) in a protean and open-ended fashion. Papers that explore possibilities along either or both of these axes are invited. (See also CSA093 and CSA109) 1) The Duration of Hegemony: Bergson’s Influence on the Prison Notebooks - Chris Hurl, Doctoral Candidate, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] In this paper, I will examine Gramsci’s philosophy of praxis in relation to the work of Henri Bergson. Gramsci situated Bergsonian philosophy in a larger cultural current emerging in the 1890s that drew inspiration from Marxist theory while challenging its tendencies to economic determinism and positivism. He found value in Bergson’s attempts to build a basis for knowledge out of the creativity and vitality of human existence. Gramsci drew on his philosophy of intuition in conceptualizing the capacity of organic intellectuals to develop new problems that resonated with the “spontaneous philosophy” of the masses. A study of Gramsci’s theory of hegemony through the lens of Bergson can provide a useful remedy to a conjuncturalist interpretation of hegemony that has predominated through the disciplines of sociology, political science, and cultural studies (Jessop, 1983; Laclau and Mouffe, 1985; Slack; 1996). Such interpretations have tended to overstress the performative character of hegemony at the expense of the experiential. On the contrary, I argue the process of hegemonic articulation should be viewed as problematizing historical necessity by looking backward, drawing continuities across the fragmented and episodic mass of everyday experiences and at the same time looking forward, envisioning potential trajectories for collective action and advancing new political imaginaries (Vahabzadeh, 2003). 2) Between the Death Camps and Babel: Towards a Theory of Excess and a Dialogic Ethics - Craig Ashbourne, M.A. Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, [email protected] The predominant ontological divide within sociology continues to be drawn between modernism and postmodernism. At various points in its history, critical theory has been associated with one or the other of these viewpoints, yet it is argued that the limitations inherent in both of these ontological frameworks make neither one of them an appropriate foundation for critique. First, the reliance of these perspectives on the complete separation of questions of fact and value leaves neither one able to provide a foundation from which to address the 'ought' questions central to critical theorizing. Secondly, through either the reductionism of universalistic arguments or the isolationism of their relativist counterparts, these perspectives undercut the interaction which is a necessary foundation of communication, discourse, and ultimately ethics. Yet these two perspectives do not exhaust the options for viewing the social world. Instead, it is argued that a third perspective can be articulated, one which allows for the revitalization of critique through a basis in excess and the intersubjective nature of dialogue. This is proposed as an alternative which navigates the theoretical terrain between the terrors of the camps and the cacophony of Babel's multitudes, providing a starting point upon which to found critical theory. 3) Ethics as procedural knowledge: A reading of Michel Foucault - Gregory Bowden, Doctoral Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] In his three-volume history of sexuality and in lectures at the Collège de France, Michel Foucault examines some processes by which people come to be subjects as well as objects of ethical consideration. These processes are historically- and socially- specific, grounded in available epistemological frameworks and material conditions. In these analyses, Foucault’s conceptualization of ethics focuses on practices of ethical knowledge, not simply ethical claims. This prompts the central argument of this paper: Foucault’s framework understands ethics as an issue of procedural knowledge, not simply or solely propositional knowledge. To be ethical is to exercise a skill as much as it is to follow a principle. This reading of Foucault is a response to the perception that his analyses of modern forms of power fail to tell us what one ‘ought’ to do. Its sociological import is in recasting how we conceive ethical behaviour, and by extension how we conceive practices of freedom or liberation, potentially linking to other work on practical lived knowledge as is found in Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus or Bent Flyvbjerg’s concept of phronesis. 4) The Human Question in Recent Social Theory - Craig McFarlane, Doctoral Candidate, Department of Sociology, York University, [email protected] The theoretical concept of ‘the human’ as the basis of social theory has been under attack for over forty years from a variety of perspectives: including, but not limited to, structuralist anti-humanism, post-modern post-humanism, and techno-utopian trans- humanism. Likewise, a variety of sub-disciplines within sociology and variety of inter-disciplines have attacked the concept of ‘the human’ through its marginalization of aspects of identity such as race, gender, and sexuality. More recently, ‘the human’ has come under attack in the emerging field of ‘animal studies’ (also called ‘critical animal studies’ or ‘human/non-human relations’). This paper attempts to construct a synoptic and analytic vocabulary for making sense of ‘the human’ in relation to its ever-increasing ‘others’ and thus provide grounding for a movement from the sociological analysis of ‘humans and others’ to a sociological analysis of objects, of which ‘the human’ is but one among many (perhaps infinite) others.
FRIDAY MAY 29 / VENDREDI 29 MAI – 10:45 – 12:15
CSA126 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA The Sociology of Place and Memory - Organiser: Tonya Davidson, Ph.D. Sociology Student, University of Alberta, [email protected] , Chair: TBA - Discussant: Ondine Park, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta [email protected] This session welcomes papers that engage with the relationships between places and cultural memory. Studies of memory works such as monuments, museums, road-side altars and vigils, memorial marches etc, are all welcome. Papers could substantively deal with issues of nostalgia, loss, home, trauma and hope. I welcome both papers that are empirically-driven and those that work to theorize
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 84 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
relationships between place and memory. Similarly, a variety of epistemological and methodological perspectives are encouraged. 1) Bodies of Memory in Bronze: The Dynamic Life of Ottawa’s National War Memorial - Tonya Davidson, PhD Candidate, University of Alberta, Department of Sociology [email protected] On V-Day, 1945, children were photographed sitting on top of shoulders of the 22 bronzed human forms charging through the arch of the National War Memorial, Ottawa. They were smiling and making faces. The monument was 6 years old. Sixty-four years later, crowds of somber visitors came to the monument to watch the names of the 60,000 WW1 veterans projected on to the monument. No one is climbing on the monument and a recent act of public urination caused unprecedented amounts of outrage. I suggest that monuments, stone and granite bodies in the urban with dynamic lives, can become ghostly figures that invoke certain behaviors and reverences. As ghostly urban beings, monuments offer up possibilities for ‘remembering otherwise’ (Simon 2005). In this paper I explore the accruement of the ghostly through the material etchings which have collectively worked to cast a more auspicious halo of the sacred around the National War Memorial. 2) Enjoyment’s Petrification: The Luxor Obelisk in a Melancholic Century - Mike Follert, Ph.D. Sociology Student, York University, [email protected] This paper examines the legacy of Paris’s Place de la Concorde, key witness to the violent excesses of the pre-Thermidor days of the French Revolution. In a century, as Denis Hollier remarks, permeated by "commemorations but also...forgetfulness", this central Parisian square witnessed the rise and fall of several monuments, jockeying as they did for interpretive authority over the memory of a site stained in the blood of royals and layfolk alike. None, however, had the staying power of the Luxor Obelisk; an object foreign enough and ostensibly so meaningless that it would, as bourgeois monarch Louis-Philippe noted, "recall no political event". Monument and anti-monument at once, the obelisk dramatizes a melancholic relationship to the past in both demarcating this site and obscuring through its inscrutability the memory of the square’s traumatic past. This melancholic relationship, Follert argues, bespeaks a nostalgia for political legitimacy that still haunts the French Republic today. 3) Not From Around Here Are You? The Meanings of Twillingate - Ivan Emke, Sir Wilfrid Grenfell College, Memorial University of Newfoundland, [email protected] Sometimes, from outside, it is hard to understand what keeps people rooted in certain rural places. Indeed, the very way in which we often re-present (and theorize) rural communities may put them at a disadvantage and affect our conclusions. There appears to be a gap between the indicators we have of rural life, and the values that residents put on their lives in rural communities. This project is an attempt to collect and document the very diverse nature of the “meanings” or quality of life of the rural community of Twillingate, Newfoundland. Are there ways that we can re-present Twillingate which thus take into consideration the local values which people express about their home locations? Using a combination of video, picture stills, music, poetry, and stories, mixed with standard social science data, this project offers a new representation of Twillingate. The presentation, which includes a series of “Twillingate Minutes,” will present the voices, values and settings of the people of Twillingate, as well as the personal experiences of a researcher who is "not from around here."
CSA127 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Social Theory and History - Organiser: Craig McFarlane, Doctoral Candidate (ABD), Graduate Program in Sociology, York University, Toronto [email protected] - Chair: Gregory Bowden, Doctoral Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] Discussant: TBA This panel invites papers on the relation between social theory and history, including the relation between classical and contemporary thinkers, the relation between historicity and theoretical activity, and the relevance of history as a concept to social theory. It invites papers that investigate the relationships between theoretical accounts and the historical and social basis upon which those accounts rest. The panel will pose and formulate in a workshop fashion questions and challenges to the ways in which we typically think about contemporary society and its historical basis. This will require that participants think and formalize the social, political, epistemological or ontological presuppositions of the theorists under study and their location in and against the canons of history. 1) Alain Badiou and The Communist Hypothesis - Barret Weber, Ph.D. provisional candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] In the presentation I discuss a series of political and theoretical texts that address the contentious issues of thinking and writing history in social theory, including the important themes of historical continuity/ discontinuity (Foucault) and the status of secularization in historical studies (Blumenburg, Löwith, Arendt, Schmitt). I then contend that we find expressions of an important critique of both of the above traditions in the philosophical writings and political activism of Alain Badiou. I conclude the paper with a brief reading of Badiou’s so-called ‘Communist Hypothesis’ or possibility of a radically egalitarian intervention that carries the strength to challenge the dominant order of ‘capitalo-parliamantarianism’ and a shared feeling of powerlessness. 2) John Locke, Animals and Private Property - Craig McFarlane, Doctoral Candidate (ABD), Graduate Program in Sociology, York University, Toronto, [email protected] This paper presents a close and idiosyncratic reading of John Locke's theory of property (Second Treatise, Chapter 5) focusing on the underlying distinction between human and non-human. Particular attention is paid to how humans and non-humans are attempt to appropriate the external, natural world. 3) Lyotard on Confession: Between Enigma and Demonstration - Heidi Bickis, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] In this paper I explore the practice of confession with a discussion of Jean-François Lyotard’s The Confession of Augustine (2000 [1998]) published posthumously as a collection of two complete essays and variousfragments of writings. Specifically, I discuss Lyotard’s emphasis on Augustine’s style that unfolds as a movement between logical discourse and what I read as an aesthetic language (e.g. poetry, literature and psalm). With this focus, I consider the practice of confession in relation to Lyotard’s ideas on art and aesthetics. What does it mean to think about confession as a work of art? What might be involved in this art of confession? For Lyotard, confession is marked by a “fissure” and it is within this crack that confession is written, a writing that emerges as a balance
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 85 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
between “enigma and demonstration”. In my discussion, I explore how this idea of confession as both enigma and demonstration emerges in the text. I argue that this balancing in turn shapes confession as a practice that might best be understood as a labour of writing, which in turn places the confessing subject in a particular relation to language. 4) History in and through “human capability”: Ricoeur and Arendt on history and narrative identity - Steve Tasson, Doctoral Candidate, Graduate Program in Sociology, York University, Toronto, [email protected] The paper aims to explore aspects of Paul Ricoeur's remarks on history, historiography and links to human capability. In particular it will examine theoretical issues raised in Ricoeur's dialectical engagement with two metaphorical figures: 'the historian' and 'the judge'. For Ricoeur the relationship between these figures reveals, at once, the false promise of objectivity and the impossibility of a singular history; the limits of historical judgement in the context of what we might call “crimes against humanity” and the relationship between these forms of judgement and individual and collective identity. Many of Ricoeur's considerations are offered in productive conversation with Hannah Arendt, specifically her distinction between “ancient and modern history” and select remarks on responsibility and political judgement. For example Ricoeur draws out the “temporal features” at play in Arendt's categories of labour, work and action from The Human Condition to underscore the complex relationship between history and the capacity to act (and judge) under modern conditions. Finally, the paper offers some conclusions on the importance (and dangers) of theorizing history as both a limit and precondition for individual and collective identities.
CSA128 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA
CSA129 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Immigration and Transnationalism II - Organisers: Ann Kim, Department of Sociology, York University, [email protected] and Guida Man, School of Social Sciences, York University, [email protected] Chair and discussant: Xiaoping Li, Department of Sociology and Women’s Studies, Okanagan College, [email protected] This session will showcase theoretical and empirical papers that focus onimmigrants in Canada and abroad, and some aspect of transnationalism. All of the studies presented will be expected to demonstrate the importance of examining transnationalism in relation to social, economic, and political integration in multiple sites. Possible themes for individual papers include: 1) explanations of the types and extent of transnationalism of immigrants from particular regions, and comparisons across countries or groups (i.e. immigrant groups, foreign workers, foreign students, men/women and the gendered nature of transnationalism); 2) the impact of transnational ties for settlement and integration - in particular, the association between transnationalism and integration, or transnationalism and social and economic mobility; 3) the role and function of the state and policy implications; 4) the impact of transnational ties on countries of origin and on non-migrants; 5) transnational familyhood and how family members maintain social and emotional bonds despite spatial separation. Also, how family relations and responsibilities for social reproduction are negotiated and affected. Papers which examine the experiences of women and children are particularly welcome. (See also CSA032) 1) Transnationalism from below: a classed, gendered and racialized phenomenon - Tania Das Gupta, Atkinson School of Social Sciences, York University, [email protected] Using interview material, this paper will discuss the phenomenon of twice migrated South Asian migrants to Canada arriving via the Middle East in a two-step migration process. Utilizing a race, gender and class analysis, interviews will be utilized to develop a theoretical framework which helps to understand these multiple migration patterns and the various transnational practices that it has given rise to. Effects on family relationships, work, communities, social citizenship and identities will be mentioned. Historical continuities and departures from earlier patterns of migration from South Asia will be presented to provide context and comparison. 2) Gender, work, and family: Globalization and the transnational migration of professional Chinese immigrant women in Canada - Guida C. Man, Atkinson School of Social Sciences, York University, [email protected] This paper comes out of research projects funded by the Centre of Excellence for Immigration and Settlement–Toronto (CERIS- Toronto), and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). It is based on data collected from in depth interviews with skilled Chinese women professionals who have immigrated to Canada in recent years. It investigates how social, economic, and political processes have tremendous impact on skilled Chinese immigrant women’s productive work in the labour market, and their reproduction labour in the home. Specifically, the paper examines the contradictory demands of her paid work and household work. It demonstrates that individual immigrant adopts transnational migration practices as a response to gendered and racialized institutional processes in the new country in the context of globalization and economic restructuring, and contends that Chinese immigrant women’s work and its contradictory nature is paramount in the social construction of transnational families and communities. 3) The family, religion and the re-territorialization of culture within the Keralite Diaspora in the Greater Toronto Area - Lina Samuel, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE), University of Toronto, [email protected] This paper illustrates that the process of changing homelands and the experience of settlement and adaptation to new environments is mediated through institutions such as the family and religion. The research presented here describes the experiences of first and second generation migrants from the state of Kerala, India. Based on the immigration and settlement experiences of 64 respondents, from the South Asian diaspora in the Greater Toronto Area, the research examines the role of religious and familial ideology in the “re- territorialization” of migrant diasporic cultural identity. Migrant identity (and identification) within the diasporic context is linked to the retention and transformation of cultural practices, specifically practices around marriage and mate selection. The study reveals the importance of the Syrian Orthodox church in grounding not only religious values and beliefs, but strengthening the role of the family in the socialization of migrant children. Both the institutions of the family and religion play a key role in the construction of migrant cultural identities. 4) Transnational formations as fields: Working with or against Bourdieu? - Christine Hughes, PhD Candidate, Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] This paper reflects on the application of Pierre Bourdieu’s work to studies of transnational migration. Specifically it considers the fit between posited transnational or “transterritorialized” social formations and Bourdieu’s conceptualization of the field. Transnational
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 86 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
migration studies point to dynamic webs of relations between areas of origin and destination that migrants and non-migrants forge through their various practices and exchanges. These linkages transcend the social spaces in which migrants are typically assumed to live and in which their experiences are typically studied. In part to explain changes in migrants’ behaviour, attitudes, and relations to others, some migration scholars have posited the idea of a “transnational habitus”, a set of dispositions that integrates structural elements of the different spaces to which migrants are linked. If we follow Bourdieu, there must be a transnational field to which this habitus to some degree corresponds. It would seem that some scholars have elevated the Bourdieusian field, defined by systems of power-laden social relations, to the transnational scale to conceptualize systems of transnational relations. This paper considers whether such an application is appropriate, specifically whether it allows for the retention of characteristics of the field that are key for Bourdieu, such as relative autonomy and agents’ struggles for capital.
CSA130 – Panel (no call for paper) Friday/Vendredi 29 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Aesthetics, Politics, and the Senses - Organisers: Bruce Curtis, Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected]; and Andrea Doucet, Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] – Chair: Augustine Park, Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, [email protected] This roundtable session highlights work in progress at the Duncombe Studio for Social and Cultural Analysis, an interdisciplinary University Research Center at Carleton, co-directed by Andrea Doucet and Bruce Curtis. Participants: Pauline Aucoin (Sociology/Anthropology) "Nature, Space and Aesthetics in Comparative Perspective Bruce Curtis, (Sociology/Anthropology) "How Ray Charles (sort of) Got Barack Obama Elected: a Genealogy of a Musical Aestheticization of Politics" Aaron Doyle, (Sociology/Anthropology) "News, Fiction and Police: Fracturing and Refraction of Police as Institution and Image". Jennifer Henderson, (English) "The Camp, the School, and the Child: Discursive Exchanges and (neo) Liberal Axioms in the Culture of Redress" Michael Mopas and Carlos Novas, (Sociology and Anthropology) "Culinary Creations: Molecular Gastronomy and the Politics of Taste" Justin Paulson, (Sociology and Anthropology) Notes on politics and musical form
CSA131 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA The Current Crisis of Capitalism: Lessons from the Great Depression - Organisers: Trevor Wesley Harrison, Department of Sociology University of Lethbridge, [email protected] and Slobodan Drakulic, Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, [email protected] (Joint Session with the Society for Socialist Studies) Schumpeter termed capitalism a system of "creative destruction." The creation of the post-war Keynesian welfare state was meant to lessen the destruction occasioned by unfettered capitalism during the Depression. The advent of neo-liberal globalization, beginning in the 1980s, saw much of this protective framework eroded, however. The economic crisis which began in 2007 bears similarities to that of the 1930s. This session considers the lessons that the Great Depression might offer in terms the causes of the crisis, the array of outcomes that could arise, and the strategic value for the left in looking back to the 1930s.
CSA132 – Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Social Movements: International Case Studies - Organiser - Jim Conley, Department of Sociology, Trent University, [email protected] Chair: TBA - Discussant: Lesley J. Wood, York University, [email protected] The session invites papers concerned with conceiving, critiquing, synthesizing, extending, and/or elaborating upon social movement theory. Macro and micro perspectives are welcomed, as are comments on recent debates in the field. 1) The Consequences of Funding Patterns for the Infrastructure of the Human Rights Network in the Global South - Kathleen Rodgers, University of Victoria, [email protected] As major actors in the global human rights regime and key contributors to civil society in their domestic contexts, scholars rightly celebrate the dramatic expansion of the global population of human rights organizations (HROs). But while counts of HROs indicate that the breadth of the global organizational infrastructure of the human rights network is indeed great, little is known about the sustainability of this network outside of the largely institutionalized, and well-funded, organizations in the Global North. In this regard, one pivotal question surrounds the sustainability of funding that is derived largely from Western government donors. Building on the work of social movement scholars that have long demonstrated the centrality of financial security to organizational stability, as well as the potential "pitfalls" of various funding sources, this paper uses interviews and a structured survey with 80 human rights activists to explore the financial bases and fundraising considerations of human rights organizations in the Global South. 2) TBA 3) Opportunity, Culture, and Agency: Influences on Fatah and Hamas Strategy during the Second Intifada - Robert J. Brym, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto [email protected] and Bader Araj University of Toronto, [email protected] Sociologists agree that political opportunities, political enculturation, and human agency influence strategic decision-making in social movement organizations but dispute the causal weight that should be accorded each factor. While theoretical grounds for one side or another in the debate have been well staked out, little or no progress has been made in advancing it on empirical grounds. That is the aim of this paper. We reviewed English and Arabic newspaper accounts, read organizational histories and documents, and interviewed key informants to explain variation in strategic decision-making by the two main Palestinian militant organizations, Fatah and Hamas, during the second intifada or uprising of Palestinians against the Israeli state and people (2000-05). Our exercise in comparative historical sociology allows us to make empirically grounded generalizations that contribute to a key debate in the social movements literature. We show that perceived political opportunities and political enculturation influenced the strategic decision-making of Fatah
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 87 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
and Hamas leaders. However, we find little independent effect of agentic action on major strategic decisions, leading us to question whether recent claims about the supposed primacy of human agency in social movement strategizing might be exaggerated.
CSA133 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Child & Youth in Canada II ''Interpreting Youth, Crime and Violence Consumption'' – Organiser and chair: Dan Mahoney, Assistant Professor, School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, [email protected] – Discussant: TBA. Papers are requested that address multiple aspects of the lives of children and youth in Canada today, including the impact of immigration, technology, family and intergenerational relations, parenting, neighbourhoods, health, and other social or public policies, and relationships with/in local communities and/or service agencies. Papers may be empirical or theoretical in nature. (CSA007) 1) Media Violence; A Cross-national Comparison of Canadian and Swedish Youth - Valerie Anne Hiebert, Graduate Student, University of Manitoba, [email protected] Over the past two decades research has increasingly focused upon the relationship between youth media violence consumption and youth aggression. While some studies suggest that media consumption has no harmful effects, other studies suggest a causal relationship. Current policy debates reflect this academic argument. The present research addresses this debate through a comparative, cross-national examination of physical and non-physical aggression of youth in Canada, where there are no legislative restrictions on youth media violence consumption, and youth in Sweden, where media violence consumption is closely restricted by legislation. Rates of physical aggression were compared using the youth crime rates of assault, sexual assault, and murder/attempted murder. Rates of non-physical aggression were compared using youth crime rates of unlawful threat, as well as bullying, bullying victimization, and peer helpfulness rates. 2) Youth Crime, Stat Wars and the Interpretive Lens of Victim Contests - Mike Adorjan, Ph.D Student, Department of Sociology, McMaster University. [email protected] This paper explores debates pertaining to the extent and seriousness of youth crime in Canada during the Young Offenders Act era. Employing a social constructionist framework, I characterize debates over young offenders as a victim contest (Holstein and Miller 1990); one that is marked by their ambiguous culpability (Spencer 2005) with respect to their deviant behaviour. These debates often engage youth crime statistics, and can be considered a 'stat war' (Best 2001) over the 'true nature' of youth crime. Linking the concept of victim contests to that of stat wars, I demonstrate, within newspaper and Parliamentary archives, how viewing young offenders through the interpretive lenses of victim contests, as either victims or victimizers, acts to highlight statistics that favor either position. Moreover, I highlight claims-making regarding whether or not statistics are capturing a more serious quality of youth crime; a quality not captured by the numbers. 3) TBA
CSA134 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Making the City III - City Building - Organiser: Ondine Park, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] Chair & Discussant: TBA This session will explore the question of how the city is made or made meaningful, broadly understood. The city is, of course, material (actual, concrete, bounded) and the particularities of its materiality are constantly changing. The city is also processual (experiential, relational) and conceptual (imagined, representational, potent). Acknowledging that the city is a meaningful place, this session welcomes papers that address how the city comes to be made, or rendered perceptible, or made meaningful, in any of these different modes. In particular, papers that consider how different ‘makings’ of the city re-enforce, complement, overlap, defy, and/or contradict the local boundaries within which cities officially exist are encouraged. ‘The city’ is here understood loosely and may mean any of: the city as such, the city-region, the metropolis, ‘the urban’, the suburb, etc. (See also CSA048 and CSA121) 1) The Public Legitimization of Iconic Architectural Developments: A Case Study of the Royal Ontario Museum and the Art Gallery of Ontario - Matt Patterson, PhD Student, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, [email protected] The way cities are made meaningful often depends on how they are made. Focusing on iconic architectural development, this paper will attempt to show how architectural design and production practices can determine whether local residents understand new iconic structures to reflect public interest in general, or the narrow interests of elites. To demonstrate, the paper presents a comparative case study of two iconic architectural developments in Toronto: Daniel Libeskind's Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), and Frank Gehry's Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO). Drawing on interviews with relevant stakeholders and an analysis of media reports, it will be demonstrated that differences in the design and production process led the AGO to become understood by local residents as a legitimate public space, whereas the ROM was understood as an expression of ego and elitism. The effect of cultural production practices on the meanings associated with the two buildings highlight the need to understand iconic architectural development as a cultural phenomenon in addition to the dominant political-economic understandings within the existing urban sociology literature. 2) TBA 3) Attracting the 'global gaze': marginalized cites and signature architecture - Olga Pak, PhD student, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, [email protected] Cities increasingly become succumbed to a 'cargo cult' (Shileds 2008) that can also be viewed as the creation of various 'structures of attention' (Donald 2006) to attract 'cargo' of capital and people. I consider the 'signature architecture' – buildings designed by renowned architects and their transnational agencies – as one of the imagined attractors of such a kind that should operate as a spectacle for the tourist gaze, as the manifestation of already circulating capital, and as a token of exquisite modernization. It is also supposed to allows the cityscapes to enter the catalogue of architectural selections that is to enter the 'club' of the cities in the 'global gaze'. The paper presents the case of marginalized Russian cities invisible in the global context but striving for their appearance in the global gaze. As an example I will discuss the northern city of Khanty-Mansiisk, with the population of approximately 65,000, that comissioned the 280- meter building almost in the midst of taiga to famous architect Norman Foster and the project of the business City to the bereau of another selebrity – Erick van Egeraat. Drawing on this example I will discuss how the 'cargo cult' and the notions of global belonging
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 88 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
intervene the marginalized city's materiality and imaginary. References: Shields, Rob (2008). “The Urban Question as Cargo Cult: Opportunities for a New Urban Pedagogy.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 32:712-718. Donald, S. (2006). “The idea of Hong Kong: structures of attention in the City of Life.” In C. Lindner (ed.) Urban Space and Cityscapes: Perspectives from Modern and Contemporary Culture, Routledge, 63-73. 4)
CSA135 - Regular session/Séance régulière - Friday/Vendredi 29 - 10:45 - Room/Salle TBA Sociology of Violence III - Gender and Violence - Organiser: Dale Spencer, Ph.D. Candidate, Carleton University, [email protected] – Chair: TBA – Discussant: TBA. This session seeks papers about or related to violence, how violence should be defined, factors that influence its character, and issues that confound its observation and measurement. Papers related to forms of violence and/or levels of violence are also welcomed. (See also CSA055 and CSA122) 1) Towards a Cross-national Conceptualization of Violence against Women: The Femicides of Las Muertas de Juárez and of Aboriginal Women in Canada - Paulina García del Moral, PhD student, University of Toronto, [email protected] In the radical feminist literature on violence against women, femicide is defined as “the killing of women by men because they are female.” I re-define it as murders that embody the institutionalized inferior status of particular women in their society, as well as cultural beliefs in these women’s worthlessness and the disposability of their bodies. Thus, I highlight that gender is a necessary but not definitive condition of femicide. Through this re-definition, I aim to re-conceptualize the experiences of violence of particular women in seemingly disparate social contexts: the murders of Aboriginal women in Canada and of working-class women in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. I argue that these murders are related to the interplay between historical and current dynamics of social inequality that have and continue to operate at national and global levels, without disregarding the significance of the differences that mark each country and these groups of women. As such, I examine how discursive mechanisms and institutional practices specific to each country’s histories of colonialism have rendered these women more vulnerable to violence. My purpose is not to equate Canada with Mexico or to develop a unitary theory of violence, but to draw attention to the need to develop a theoretical framework that can cut through North/South and other binaries. 2) Title: TBA - Stephen Whitworth, MA, Sociology, University of Western Ontario, [email protected] Research into spousal abuse has found that the education level of the perpetrator has little effect on the likelihood to abuse (Phelan, 2007). The purpose of this paper is to examine if there is a protective effect of education in meditating the likelihood of spousal abuse. Using Agnew’s general strain theory these papers hypothesizes that individuals with higher levels of education will have better coping skills and therefore are less likely to physically abuse their partners under the influence of strain. Regression models using the female version of the Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women and Men study in the United States was used to examine the relationship between spousal abuse and proxy variables of strain: poverty and unemployment. The results indicate that poor or unemployed men are less likely to assault their partners if they have a high-school education or above in comparison to individuals who have less than a high school education when controls for other factors. These results have important implications for violence against women and the social impacts of education.
EXTERNAL EVENTS AND JOINT SESSIONS OF INTEREST
Tuesday/Mardi 26 - 15:15 - 16:45 - Room/Salle: Tory 213 - Joint Session with the CDSA (Canadian Disability Studies Association) Critical Perspectives on Chronic Illness in the Workplace - In this panel we want to engage delegates in a critical discussion of the ways in which chronic illness manifests itself in the workplace. We begin by asking what is it about the academic worker and the academic workplace that facilitates and/or hinders employment for persons with chronic illnesses? Our objective of this panel is to create a critical space for the discussion of research in an understudied area, namely chronic illness and the workplace, and to highlight the importance of this topic for disability studies and sociology. 1) Multiple Sclerosis and Academic Work: Socio-spatial Strategies Adopted to Maintain Employment - Michelle Owen, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Winnipeg [email protected] and Valorie Crooks, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University [email protected] 2) One Woman's Struggle to Obtain a Scooter - Sharon Dale Stone, Professor, Department of Sociology, Lakehead University [email protected] 3) An Autobiographical Account of Illness in the University - Pamela Moss, Professor, Studies in Policy and Practice, University of Victoria [email protected] 4) What Do We Know About the Episodic Nature of Disabilities? - Eileen Mckee, Manager, Episodic Disabilities Initiatives, Canadian Working Group on HIV and Rehabilitation (CWGHR), Toronto [email protected]
Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - 12:15 (double session) Room/Salle TBA - Joint Session with the SSS (Society for Socialist Studies) Exploring issues of one's identity and/or theoretical perspective on research or teaching (Double session) Organisers: Sima Aprahamian (Concordia) [email protected] & Marion Gerlind (Independent Scholar) [email protected] Papers are sought that explore the relationship between one's theoretical perspective(s) such as Marxism, feminism, and postmodernism, and/or one's social, ethnic, gender, sexual identity and one's research and/ or teaching. The session wishes to attract papers that examine one's identity and theory/ practice when one is studying post-conflict situations, peoples and cultures that have experienced violence, atrocities, and/or genocide. Session organizers are especially interested in studies of indigenous history and oral traditions of marginalized groups without (m/any) written records, e.g. consideration of oral traditions in Canadian land disputes http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 89 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
and their legal implications, which reflect on the researcher's identity and theoretical framework.
Thursday/Jeudi 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle TBA - Joint Session with the CAG (Canadian Association of Geographers) Feminist Organizing in Neoliberal Times - Organisers: Fran Klodawsky, Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, [email protected] ; Janet Siltanen, Sociology, Carleton University, [email protected] – Chair: Caroline Andrew, Political Science, Ottawa University, [email protected] - Discussant: TBA The goal of this session is to encourage exploration of feminist organizing in the current political-economy, from a variety of perspectives. We welcome proposals for presentations at the 2009 Congress from scholars who wish to explore the manner in which the “forms, sites and scales” (Conway 2008) of feminist organizing affects issues, strategies, and orientations. Topics might include, but are not limited to: North South relations; Global/local relations; organizing across boundaries; virtual networks; coalition politics; lobbying versus “contentious politics”; spatial or cross-cultural praxis; knowledge networks; transnational and/or international feminisms; gender mainstreaming; state feminisms; politics of identities/recognition; politics of economic justice/redistribution; violence against women
Thursday, May 28 - 9:00 - Room/Salle : Loeb C264 - Joint Session CSA/ESAC Culture & Climate Change: Mitigation to Adaptation I – Chair: Dr. Thomas Heyd 9:00 a.m.: Dr. Thomas Heyd (Department of Philosophy, University of Victoria) and Dr. Nick Brooks (Tyndall Centre, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom) Culture and Adaptation to Climate Change – Part I The latest report of the IPCC states that “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal” and that most of the warming over the past half‐century is “very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic [greenhouse gas] concentrations” (IPCC, 2007a, 1, 4). A range of potentially damaging impacts of climate change are anticipated, some of which may be abrupt and irreversible, with potentially severe impacts on human and natural systems (IPCC, 2007b). It is a reasonable proposition that, in light of these conclusions, ethically responsible decision‐makers ought to take appropriate action, be it in terms of prevention, mitigation or adaptation. (see Gardiner, 2004; Jamieson, 2001) Though anthropogenic climate change may be new, significant local and regional variations in climate have occurred throughout the historical period, and prehistoric modern humans lived through repeated periods of abrupt and severe climate change that was often global in nature, responding and adapting to environmental change and variation with varying degrees of success, and a variety of different outcomes (e.g. Roberts, 1998; Brooks, 2006). In this paper, we propose that culture plays an important role in mediating human responses to environmental change. In particular, we argue that these responses depend heavily on the extent to which societies see themselves as separate from or part of the wider physical or “natural” environment. We discuss the influence of culture on conceptions of, and behavior towards, natural systems and processes in a non‐Western context, and compare this example with the mainstream of Western societies. Next, we illustrate how certain conceptions of the relation of human beings to the natural environment may lead to serious policy errors, with disastrous effects for human populations. We follow this up with a discussion of the role of culture both as a source of “maladaptation” and as a generator of useful coping strategies, in the context of environmental change and variability. We sum up by noting that culture may serve as a resource in two ways, in relation to the “management” of the non‐human sphere and in relation to the development of governance processes, and conclude that a deeper understanding of the cultural mediation of responses to environmental dynamism may be of significant value in the development of resilience to accelerating climate change.
9:20 a.m.: Anders Hayden, Ph.D. Candidate, Boston College Challenging the Secular Religion: Economic Growth, Sufficiency, and Canada's Climate-Change Debate As societies move beyond business-as-usual with respect to climate change, a consensus is emerging in many countries around ecological modernization (EM), which aims to decouple economic growth and greenhouse‐gas emissions. In contrast, a sufficiency perspective challenges the "secular religion" of production and consumption growth. Looking at Canada's debate over climate‐change solutions, this paper examines the sources of a sufficiency‐based critique of economic growth and excessive consumption, the factors that drive actors to put it forward, and the powerful obstacles such ideas face. And given these daunting obstacles, in what ways is sufficiency making inroads? The paper draws on interviews, analysis of documents such as position papers, and public statements by key actors in government, business, environmental groups, labour, and other sectors. It finds that key drivers of sufficiency-based proposals include perceived limits of an EM project relying on technology and efficiency, the critique of economic growth's failing capacity to deliver improved well‐being, and global justice concerns. However, a growth critique runs into severe obstacles: business resistance, the strength of consumerist values, government dependence on growth, labour's concerns over employment, a need for more fully‐developed economic alternatives, and even resistance among environmental groups—as well as obstacles specific to Canada's cultural and political context. Given such obstacles, even prominent individuals who hold a radical growth critique tend, at key moments, to turn to less controversial ideas about growth and emissions reductions going hand in hand. Meanwhile demands for sufficiency get channeled to the micro level—challenging growth of some specific products, practices, or sectors—or to promotion of voluntary individual action including less-consumptive behaviour.
9:40 a.m.: Dr. Mishka Lysack, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social Work & Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Public Education on Global Warming as Zones of Proximal Development: Vygotsky and Fostering Environmental Citizenship through Dialogue I think H. G. Wells has it right when he said that we are in a race between education and catastrophe. (David Orr) The Teach-in on Global Warming Solutions is part of a larger socio-environmental movement concerned with combating climate change that uses public education and web-based networking as tools of social change. This seminar will examine the teach‐in network as a model of learning whose goal is to fostering the shift from passivity of individual consumers to engaged environmental citizenship. There are several conceptual resources from the educational
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 90 sur 91 THE CANADIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION LA SOCIÉTÉ CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 09-09-15 10:20
psychologist, Lev Vygotsky that may be used to illumine the elements and processes of this model of adult environmental education. Vygotsky’s notion of learning as multiple and overlapping Zones of Proximal Development where learning is not primarily an individual occurrence but a social and relational transaction between persons is a generative heuristic in understanding the dynamics of environmental education. Vygotsky also explores how language in conversation in a learning event may be conceptualized as psychological tools used by persons in the creation of meaning in an interaction between interpersonal dialogue, and “inner speech” or intrapersonal dialogue. Drawing on these theoretical resources of Vygotsky, the environmental education that takes place within the teach-in network is examined as a social occurrence that relies on each participant functioning as a facilitator of learning on the part of other learners. These resources are used to address the ongoing challenges and opportunities in facilitating public education regarding global warming.
Thursday, May 28 - 10:00 - Room/Salle : Loeb C264 - Joint Session CSA/ESAC Culture & Climate Change II: Mitigation to Adaptation - Chair: Dr. Thomas Heyd 10:00 a.m.: Dr. Stephen Hill, Environmental & Resource Studies, Trent University Captured: engaging the public in the debate about carbon capture and storage in Canada This paper examines emerging social and political controversies surrounding carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies in Canada. CCS is being promoted by the energy sector as having significant potential to reduce greenhouse gases. Through the theoretical frameworks of risk communication (Leiss, 2001; Leiss and Powell, 2004) and issues management (Heath, 1997; Palenchar and Heath, 2007), the paper argues that the public understanding and, hence, acceptability of the technology lags 14 well behind the political and corporate expectations being placed on CCS as a climate mitigation strategy. As a result, whatever technical merits CCS might ultimately hold could soon become mired in political and social controversy. The paper begins with an analysis of the policy issues surrounding CCS implementation, including the costs of CCS, the risk of environmental and health impacts, the regulatory frameworks in place or in development, and the public understanding of CCS. The paper then examines recently announced provincial and federal subsidies for large‐scale CCS demonstration projects in Canada, namely $2 billion in Alberta funding announced in the summer of 2008 and $375 million in federal subsidies announced as part of the January 2009 stimulus budget. Finally, the paper reviews CCS communication and public engagement by government and industry to date. In examining these communication strategies, the paper builds on existing literature that suggests public awareness of CCS is very low (Anderson, 2005; Tokushige, 2007; Shackley, 2004; Tom Curry, 2004). Thus, risk communication activities will not likely be easily separated from broader public attitudes toward energy (i.e., perceptions of coal, renewables, oil sands). The paper concludes with a series of recommendations for improving the stakeholder and public engagement around CCS. 10:20 a.m. Dr. Bruce Morito, Department of Philosophy, Global and Social Analysis, Athabasca University Ethics of Climate Change This paper is about the problems ethical deliberation and theorizing encounter when faced with the type of complexity (including cultural and valuational) that climate change scenarios present us. In the first part of the paper, I examine the problem of complexity as it undermines our ability to utilize justificatory frameworks to prescribe courses of action. In the second, I attempt to sketch an approach to ethical deliberation that better handles the complex concerns that arise in such situations, referring to an inter‐disciplinary research project, Institutional Adaptations to Climate Change, as an example. Given the nature of the paper, the position I take is more programmatic than substantive. 10:40 a.m., Darryn DiFrancesco (Graduate Student, Department of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa) and Eric Dugas (Graduate Student, Department of Sociology, University of Ottawa) and Nathan Young (Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Ottawa) Visual Constructions of Climate Change in the Canadian Context Coherent and salient metaphors have historically been crucial to the construction of environmental issues, and subsequently to public mobilization around them. Moreover, the environmental issues which have historically garnered the greatest support and which remain the most memorable in the public mind have typically been reified through a representative image or set of images (Dryzek 2005; Hannigan 2005). However, climate change as perhaps the greatest environmental issue of our modern era lacks this crucial metaphor and/or image (Ungar 2000). This differs significantly from historically salient environmental movements in which a central image becomes iconic and crucial in the social and discursive construction of the issue, such as the ozone layer, represented by NASA's satellite "hole" image, and Canada's east coast seal hunt, which became an international issue following the release of graphic imagery by environmental groups. This paper explores images of climate change from a social constructionist perspective to understand how the issue has been visually constructed in the Canadian context. Analysis will focus on media images and activist materials due to their critical role in the social and discursive construction of climate change. A visual content analysis will be conducted on images appearing between 2008 and 2009 in (a) Canada's two national newspapers, The Globe and Mail and The National Post; (b) internet and print publications from prominent environmental groups including Friends of the Earth, the David Suzuki Foundation and Greenpeace Canada. A small number of articles will also be selected for textual analysis in relation to the images presented.
This document is the property of the CSA. No reproduction allowed without written permission. Ce document est la propriété de la SCS et ne peut être reproduit sans permission écrite.
http://www.csaa.ca/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting2009/2009Programme.htm Page 91 sur 91