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Oil and Glossary and Definitions

VERSION 1.11: December 2020

Page: 1 BC and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Glossary and Definitions

The Commission produces manuals, guidelines, forms and additional information to support industry in applying for and operating, oil and gas activities in British Columbia. The Oil and Gas Activity Application and Operations Manual detail application and regulatory requirements with which applicants and permit holders must comply.

Technical guidance documents detail best practices for operating in the industry.

This Glossary and Definitions is an additional resource to accompany the manuals, guidelines and forms in applying for a permit and adhering to the regulatory and reporting requirements during construction and operations.

The Glossary and Definitions is broken down alphabetically, and also by section relevant to industry activity. An acronym listing provides common abbreviations used by the Commission and the Regulations and Legislation page echoes the regulations and legislation applicants and permit holders must comply with depending on the oil and gas activity.

 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  Terms Common to Facilities  Terms Common to LNG Facilities  Terms Common to Oil and Gas Measurement  Terms Common to Pipelines  Acronyms  Regulations and Legislation

Page: 2 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA A

Abandoned A well permanently closed off when no viable are discovered or it is depleted and no longer capable of producing profitably. The well is permanently plugged downhole, producing subsurface formations have been isolated and permanently plugged and is basically permanently decommissioned.

Abandonment Converting a drilled well to a condition that can be left indefinitely without further attention and will not damage freshwater supplies, potential , or the environment as per Part 5 of the Drilling and Production Regulation.

Acid Gas A or any other gas containing significant quantities of (H2S), dioxide (CO2), or similar contaminants.

Activity An activity includes: , Pipelines, Facilities, Roads, Geophysical Programs, Associated Oil & Gas Activities, CER Related Ancillaries, CER Pipeline Rights of Way, CER Road Rights of Way, Short Term Use and Changes In and About a Stream.

OGAA Activities include Wells, Roads, Facilities, Pipelines, Geophysical Programs.

Related Activities include: AOGA (Associated Oil and Gas Activities), Short Term Water Use and Changes in and about a Stream.

CER Activities include CER Roads, CER Pipeline Rights of Way, and CER Related Ancillaries.

Administration boundaries Administration boundaries established through consultation agreements guide consultation for each First Nations community. Where there is no agreement in place, the boundaries are guided by the Provincial Consultation Boundaries.

Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) A provincial zone where agriculture is recognized as the priority use. Farming is encouraged and non-agricultural uses are controlled.

Agricultural Land Commission (ALC) The B.C. provincial agency responsible for the administration of the ALR.

Aggregate operations The excavation of clay, gravel, rock, sand or used in the construction or maintenance of oil and gas infrastructure, but not sourced from a borrow pit. Aggregate operations are a mining activity to which the Mines Act applies.

Oil and Gas Aggregate Operation are defined as the excavation or quarrying of aggregate that: produces material solely for the construction and maintenance of Page: 3 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA oil and gas infrastructure; is not located within a construction corridor; does not produce materials for sale to or use by any party other than for the permit holder, or the holder of an approval referred to in Section 9 of OGAA, with authorization for its use; does not produce sand for use in ; and is subject to the requirements of the Health, Safety, and Reclamation Code for Mines in British Columbia.

ALC-OGC Delegation Agreement A signed agreement between the ALC and the Commission. It issues limited delegated authority to the Commission to authorize non-farm use of agricultural lands for oil and gas activities within the Northern Rockies and Peace River Regional Districts.

Amendment An application to add, modify or change a permissioned activity.

Ancillary aquifer The underground layer of water-soaked sand and rock acting as a water source for a well.

Anomaly investigation Investigative excavations in follow-up areas of interest / concern identified by inline tool inspection.

Applicant A company or operator is referred to as the applicant prior to and during the application while seeking an oil and gas and associated activity permit.

Application A person can apply to the Commission for an oil and gas permit by submitting an application in the form and manner the Commission requires. An application can include one (a single activity) or more activities submitted as a bundle (multi- activity). The application must include specific legal locations and detailed technical information with all other required information for all the activities applied in order for the application to be reviewed and a determination made. Regardless of the number of activities applied for within one application; one permit will be issued.

Application Determination Number (AD) An Application Determination number is assigned to an application upon determination. Only one AD number is assigned per project. Permit holders must reference the original AD number when applying for an amendment.

Application Management System (AMS) The Commission’s online system applicants use to submit oil and gas and associated activity applications.

Area-based analysis (ABA) A framework for managing the cumulative impacts of oil and gas development. More information available at http://www.bcogc.ca/public-zone/area-based- analysis-aba. Page: 4 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Archaeological impact assessment (AIA) Archaeological field work conducted prior to any development activity.

As-built documents Collection of drawings, or other related material that describes the specifications of an asset that has been constructed.

Page: 5 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA B BCGS Maps The name of the complete set of maps and plans illustrating in detail the location and extent of planned activities at an appropriate scale required by applicants.

Barrel (bbl) A measure of for petroleum products. One is the equivalent of 35 imperial gallons or 42 U.S. gallons or 0.15899 cubic metres (9,702 cubic inches). One cubic metre equals 6.2897 barrels.

Battery site A gas or oil facility with product separation and multiphase delivery point measurement (as defined in the BCOGC Measurement Requirements for Upstream Oil and Gas Operations Guideline) for one or more wells.

Drilling & Production Regulation definition: a battery means a system or arrangement of tanks or other surface equipment receiving the effluents of one or more wells prior to delivery to market or other disposition, and may include equipment or devices for separating the effluents into petroleum, natural gas or water and for measurement. Examples include:

 Single with gas flared and oil tanked on site.  Multi-well battery with a test and group separator.  Temporary gas unit producing marketable hydrocarbons trucked to a TRD (Treatment, Recovery & Disposal) facility.  Water source well installation for oil and gas drilling, completions, or enhanced recovery production operations.

Best practices The management practices or techniques recognized to be the most effective and practical means to develop an oil and gas resource, while minimizing adverse environmental and other effects.

Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (BEC) An ecological framework and language for ecosystem management in British Columbia. BEC provides a multi-scale classification framework to describe broad biogeoclimatic zones used for applications such as protected area and land management planning, forest pest risk and wildlife habitat management. The BEC program, managed by the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO), is continually being updated and as such, the biogeoclimatic zones, names and spatial distribution may change from time to time. The EPMR references the BEC zones at the time the Regulation was created; however, the names and distribution of the zones have changed since then and the new zones should be used when applying the requirements in the EPMR. Page: 6 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA An uncontrolled flow of gas, oil, or other from a well.

Blowout preventer (BOP) Equipment installed on the to prevent the escape of fluids under from the wellbore during drilling, completion, or operations. The BOP stack incorporates different sets of hydraulic rams enabling the well to be sealed with or without pipe in the hole, pumping of fluids into the well under pressure, and controlled release of fluids from the well.

Bog Wetland with organic and a water table at or near the surface. Soils are predominantly poorly to moderately decomposed sphagnum moss peats. The bog surface is usually unaffected by groundwater and thus are generally and low in . Bogs are usually carpeted by sphagnum mosses and ericaceous shrubs. They may be treed or treeless. Bogs with an open growth of scrubby trees are commonly referred to as muskeg.

Bore Trenchless stream crossing method by which a hole is drilled horizontally from bell hole to bell hole (with or without ) to allow the installation of a pipeline.

Borehole The wellbore; the hole made by drilling or a well.

Borrow pit An area where clay, gravel, rock, sand or soil has been removed/excavated and used for the construction of oil and gas infrastructure.

Bottom hole assembly The lower portion of the drillstring, consisting of (from the bottom up in a vertical well) the bit, bit sub, a mud motor (in certain cases), stabilizers, drill collars, heavy-weight drillpipe, jarring devices (“jars”) and crossovers for various threadforms. The bottomhole assembly must provide force for the bit to break the rock (weight on bit), survive a hostile mechanical environment and provide the driller with directional control of the well.

Bottom hole pressure The pressure in a well at the bottom of the hole, usually measured in pounds per square inch (psi).

Butane (C4H10) An found in natural gas. Reported may contain some or plus.

Page: 7 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA C CSA Z662 CSA Z662 is the standard developed and maintained by the Canadian Standards Association covering the design, construction, operation and maintenance of oil and gas industry pipeline systems conveying hydrocarbons, oilfield water and/or , , or gas. It is a legal requirement for operators to meet this standard for pipelines operating under OGAA in B.C.

Casing Pipe or tubing of appropriate material, diameter and weight used to support the sides of a well hole and prevent the walls from caving, to prevent loss of drilling mud into porous formations, or to prevent from entering or leaving the well.

CAS number A unique identifier for chemical substances. Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) is a division of the American Chemical Society responsible for the administration, quality assurance and maintenance of the CAS registry. A CAS Number itself has no inherent chemical significance but provides an unambiguous way to identify a or molecular structure when there are many possible systematic, generic, proprietary or trivial names.

Cavitation Creation of a cavity around the wellbore in a formation generally using high pressure water jets to increase the area of the coal exposed to the wellbore.

Cementing Permanently securing the casing to the wellbore or plugging and sealing the wellbore with .

Cement plug A plug of cement slurry placed in the wellbore to seal the well.

Certificate of restoration (COR) A document issued by the Commission certifying abandoned wellsite has been restored to meet regulatory requirements.

Clean Snow free of soil, silt, coarse woody debris, or deleterious substances. When snow is bladed for snowfill construction it is not uncommon for small amounts of grass and other vegetative , which may have fallen on the snowpack as it accumulated, are in the gathered material. Grass is often present as it extends well up into the snowpack and may be cut off by the cat blade.

Clearspan bridge A channel spanning structure requiring no in-stream support abutments, footings or pilings. Clearspan structures include native timber bridges and fabricated , and concrete construction mediums.

Page: 8 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Closed bottom structure A tunneled drainage structure for the passage of water. Typically constructed of metal or concrete and may be box or cylindrical in shape. Closed bottom structures involve in-stream disturbance of stream channel bed and/or banks.

Coalbed gas (CBG) The natural gas found in most coal deposits. It is formed during coalification, a process that converts deposits of plant material into coal. It is also referred to as coalbed (CBM) or natural gas in coal (NGC).

Competent Proven qualified, trained, and experienced to perform the required duties.

Completed well A well with the necessary work done to enable production.

Completion The process of finishing a well to produce gas or oil.

Compressor A machine used to boost natural gas pressure to move it through pipelines or other facilities.

Compressor dehydrator A facility that includes both natural gas compression equipment and dehydration equipment for one or more wells. A facility that includes both a compressor station and a gas dehydrator.

Compressor station A facility that includes natural gas compression equipment for one or more multiple wells from multiple wellsites. This does not include booster for single wells, or for well pads with more than one well for compressors only servicing wells on the same wellsite.

Condensate A mixture mainly of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons (C5+) that may be contaminated with sulphur compounds. It is recovered at a well or facility from an underground and may be gaseous in its virgin reservoir state but is liquid at the conditions under which its volume is measured.

Construction corridor An additional mapped area and shown spatially around the application area of the proposed activities that allows a permit holder some flexibility in the movement, placement and construction of permitted oil and gas activity. Using this approach can reduce the need for permit amendments, subject to the terms and conditions of the permit. The width of the construction corridor is left to the discretion of the applicant. A construction corridor on a construction plan should include the proposed location of proposed activities being applied for.

Construction plan A plan required for all oil and gas activity. The plan must include all roads, rights of way, public utilities, easements, road allowances and places of public concourse located within 60 metres of storage tanks and production equipment, and/or within 80 metres of flare stacks and incinerators. The plan must also show drainages and the proximity to the lease, adjacent surface improvements and surveyed polygons of facilities. Page: 9 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Consultation The exchange of information regarding proposed oil and gas activities between applicants and recipients within the consultation distance. It begins when a recipient receives an Invitation to Consult from an applicant.

Continuous flaring Uninterrupted flared volumes with a constant and visible under routine operations, and includes gas being burned to maintain a pilot and / or continuous purge in the flare header.

Conventional natural gas Natural gas consisting of a mixture of compounds, primarily methane, and small quantities of various non-hydrocarbons.

Core A cylindrical borehole sample taken from a well or test hole for analysis of various properties of the formation, including porosity, permeability, fluid content, and geological age.

Critical fish habitat Habitat critical in sustaining subsistence, commercial, or recreational fishery or species at risk because of its relative rareness, productivity and sensitivity. Habitat indicators include the presence of high-value spawning or rearing habitat (for instance; locations with an abundance of suitably sized spawning gravels, deep pools, undercut banks, or stable debris, which are critical to the fish population present).

Crown land Land and land covered by water owned by the province of B.C.

Crude Oil Naturally occurring, unrefined composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials.

Page: 10 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA D Damage Prevention Plans (DPP) Damage prevention programs are required for all pipeline permit holders. DPP’s are intended to reduce the frequency of preventable damage by addressing external/third-party threats to the integrity of pipeline infrastructure. Dams Some freshwater storage structures used in the oil and gas industry qualify as damns under the Water Sustainability Act. The Commission regulated those damns, under B.C.’s Dam Safety Regulation, where live water storage exceeds 10,000 m3. Delineation well A well extending the boundary of a previously discovered pool.

Dehydrator Equipment used to remove water from the natural gas.

Dehydrator Emission Source The location where the still column-vent vapours are released directly to the . For still-column vent vapours routed to a control technology, the source would be the release point from the technology. Where more than one technology is in use, the emissions source is the one closest to the surface development (e.g., exit from a flare, incinerator, burner vent, or condenser system).

Deleterious substance A substance likely to have a negative impact on water. Defined in Section 34 of the Fisheries Act.

Desorption The process of detaching methane adsorbed onto coal by de-pressuring the coal seam through dewatering and other methods.

Development well A well drilled in or adjacent to a proven part of a pool to optimize production.

Dewatering The process of removing water from a coal seam in the vicinity of a producing gas well. Dewatering is required to reduce pressure within the coal seam, which in turn allows the methane gas to be released from the coal.

Directional drill Trenchless crossing method utilizing a slant drill to install a pipeline under a watercourse.

Directional drilling Trenchless crossing method utilizing a slant drill to install a pipeline under a watercourse A well drilled at an angle from the vertical. This method can be used when local topography (e.g. river banks or other water bodies) prevents vertical drilling. Under normal conditions, vertical drilling is used (i.e. the bottom of the hole is located beneath the drill rig).

Page: 11 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Disposal station A facility that includes equipment handling oil and gas waste. The equipment may include, but is not limited to the treatment, recovery, storage, or disposal of drilling or completions waste, well fracture returns/flowback, and acid gas from a processing plant.

Examples include: Treatment, Recovery & Disposal (TRD) facilities, acid gas disposal facilities, facilities including deep well disposal for oil and gas waste.

Disposal well A well, commonly a depleted oil or gas well, into which waste fluids can be injected for safe disposal. Disposal wells require regulatory approvals.

Dispute resolution A process for resolving conflicts between parties. It can include direct negotiations, facilitated sessions, mediations, or arbitration.

Diversion map A topographical map must be provided showing the general location of the property and proposed point(s) of diversion in relation to nearby communities, highways, railways and other water sources.

Diverter A device used to direct fluids flowing from a well away from the .

Drill bit Tools used to crush or cut rock.

Drilling fluid (mud) The circulating fluid used to bring drilling cuttings out of the well bore, cool the drill bit and provide hole stability and pressure control.

Drill pipe Steel pipe sections of about nine metres in length screwed together to form a continuous pipe extending from the drilling rig to the drilling bit at the bottom of the hole. Rotation of the drill pipe and bit causes the bit to bore through the rock.

Drill string Connected sections of drill pipe.

Drilling fluid (mud) The circulating fluid used to bring drilling cuttings out of the well bore, cool the drill bit and provide hole stability and pressure control.

Drillstem test (DST) A method of gathering data on the potential productivity of a geological formation before installing casing in a well. A records pressure and fluid recovery data from which formation characteristics can be inferred.

Domestic use water Water intended for direct human contact such as, consumption, food preparation, utensil washing, and hygiene.

Down-hole disposal The disposal of formation water and drilling and waste fluids down a wellbore in a deep formation not in communication with an aquifer.

Downstream activity The selling, distributing of natural gas and the refining of petroleum.

Page: 12 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Dugout In some cases, a dugout can defined as a stream and used as a licensed water source. Refer to the Dam Safety Regulation for detail.

Page: 13 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA E Easement Any right over private or Crown land associated with a right to use of the land.

Effluent A substance that is introduced into water or onto land and that (a) injures or is capable of injuring the health or safety of a person, (b) injures or is capable of injuring property or any life form, (c) interferes with or is capable of interfering with visibility, (d) interferes with or is capable of interfering with the normal conduct of business, (e) causes or is capable of causing material physical discomfort to a person, or (f) damages or is capable of damaging the environment. Defined in Environmental Management Act.

Emergency response plan (ERP) Pre-planned responses to incidents to ensure protection of public health, safety, property and the environment and quick and effective responses.

Emergency planning zone (EPZ) A geographical area that encompasses all the hazard planning zones for an oil and gas activity that is the subject of a plan. Defined in Emergency Management Regulation.

Emergency awareness zone (EAZ) see Hazard Planning Zone

Environmental monitor May be qualified professionals or technologists who have an appropriate background relevant to the species, feature or value being addressed and a comprehensive working knowledge and understanding of the principles and requirements of Provincial and Federal regulatory compliance. The impacts of construction activities can be either continually monitored or periodically inspected, depending on the sensitivity of the site to disturbance and the of construction. The environmental monitor should be given authority by the permit holder to stop operations in the case of non-compliance with approved conditions, or where it is anticipated that unforeseen circumstances are likely to cause environmental problems. eSubmission eSubmission is an online portal to accept direct submission to the Commission of data and reports required by permit holders. Access to eSubmission and documentation for using the eSubmission portal is found on the Online Services page of the Commission’s website. Estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) Total volume of oil or gas recoverable under current technology and present and anticipated economic conditions, specifically proven by drilling, testing, or production; plus contiguous undeveloped reserves interpreted from geological, geophysical, and/or analogous production, with reasonable certainty to exist.

Page: 14 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Exemption If an exemption is requested from regulatory requirements, an exemption request may be requested at the time of application and include:

 Specific regulatory provision requiring an exemption.  Rationale for exemption (explanation of why an exemption is required).  Proposed plan showing mitigation strategies to reduce impacts. If exemptions are approved prior to the application, this approval must be attached to the application.

Exploratory well A well drilled in an unproven area or geological formation where no oil or gas production exists nearby.

Exposed pipeline Pipeline without sufficient cover to meet safety and / or company requirements.

Page: 15 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA F

Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development (FLNRORD)

Facility A system of vessels, piping, valves, tanks and other equipment used to gather, , compress, process, measure, store or dispose of petroleum, natural gas, water or a substance.

Fen Wetland with organic soils and a water table at or above the surface. Soils are primarily moderately to well-decomposed sedge and non-sphagnum moss peats. Waters are mainly rich with a near neutral to slightly acid pH. The vegetation consists primarily of sedges, grasses, reeds, mosses, and some shrubs. Scattered trees may be present.

Fish stream identification tool A risk management tool developed based on existing fish and fish habitat information, which allows a limited number of Peace watersheds to be defaulted to either fish bearing or non-fish bearing. This tool was developed based on the early LAA works undertaken by Diversified Environmental Services.

Fish salvage Capture of fish species present in an isolated worksite or dewatered area.

Flaring Disposal by of natural gas or gas derived from petroleum.

Flow line A pipeline connecting a well head with a scrubbing, processing or storage facility and that precedes the transfer of the conveyed substance to or from a transmission, distribution or transportation line.

Footprint A company or organization’s environmental impact (resource use, waste generation, physical environmental changes, etc.).

Formation A designated geological subsurface layer composed of substantially the same kind of rock or rock types.

Fracturing (or fraccing) A method of improving the permeability of a reservoir by pumping fluids such as water into the reservoir at sufficient pressure to crack or fracture the rock.

Also see, Hydraulic Fracturing or fraccing definition.

Freehold oil and gas rights Mineral rights not owned by the Province. The Federal Government, First Nations, corporations, or individuals may own these mineral rights.

Fresh water Water of up to 4,000 milligrams per litre of total dissolved originating in a lake, stream, dugout, water source well, or other surface or subsurface water

Page: 16 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA body. Only water intended for Domestic Use will be permitted by the Commission as a fresh water pipeline. Fresh water not for domestic use shall be considered produced water for all applications.

Fugitive emissions Unintentional releases of gas or fumes resulting from production, processing, transmission, storage, and delivery of gas. This may occur from breaks or small cracks in seals, tubing, valves and pipelines, or when lids or caps on equipment or tanks have not been properly closed or tightened.

Fuel gas Sweet natural gas used for the purpose of running equipment and instruments.

Page: 17 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA G Gas dehydrator A facility that includes natural gas dehydration equipment for one or more wells. The and glycol regenerative systems both fit within the scope of this definition.

Gas sales meter A natural gas metering station. A gas sales meter can be a separate facility located on its own site, or it can be located on an existing facility site such as a gas plant or compressor dehydrator site.

Gas plant or Gas processing plant A facility for the extraction from natural gas of hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, , , natural gas or other substances, but does not include a facility that:

 Uses, for the exclusive purpose of processing low-volume .  Regenerative system for the removal of hydrogen sulphide or carbon dioxide and emits less than 2 tonnes/day of Sulphur.  Liquid extraction process such as refrigeration to extract hydrocarbon liquids from a gas stream.  Uses a non-regenerative system for the removal of hydrogen sulphide or carbon dioxide.

Gas well A well in which casing is run and that, in the opinion of the Commission, is producing or is capable of producing from a natural gas bearing zone.

Gathering system The pipelines and other infrastructure moving raw gas from the wellhead to processing and transmission facilities.

Gathering system schematic (Gathering block diagram) A diagram indicating the flow path of oil and/or gas (including liquids) in pipelines between wells (well site facilities) and central facilities they are physically linked to (connected by pipelines). Identify the route of the primary product from the well to the reporting facility, and include the Well Authorization numbers and Facility Codes that are a part of the new linkage.

Geophysical exploration The investigation of the subsurface by seismic, gravimetric, magnetic, electric and geochemical operations and by any other method approved by the commission, but does not include the use of geophysical well logs, vertical seismic profile surveys or other surveys obtained from a well.

Page: 18 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Good engineering practice (GEP) scheme A scheme approved by the Commission under regulation for the exploration, evaluation and development of petroleum and natural gas.

Government's environmental objectives (GEO) The prescribed objectives of the government respecting the protection and effective management of the environment.

Grounding With respect to waterbody crossing structures, a structure depressing and making contact with the substrate layer while the structure is in use.

Groundwater Water occurring below surface, either in unconsolidated materials (ex. sand and gravel) or within bedrock.

Page: 19 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA H HADD An undertaking resulting in the harmful alteration, disruption or destruction of fish habitat, under Section 35 of the Fisheries Act.

Hazard planning zone A geographical area (a) determined by using the hazard planning distance as a radius, and (b) within which persons, property or the environment may be affected by an emergency. Defined in Emergency Management Regulation.

Heritage Conservation Act (HCA) Protects heritage property in British Columbia. All archaeological sites are protected under the Heritage Conservation Act whether on private or public lands.

High priority wildlife Species requiring specific management and/or protection, including species listed as a “Category of Species” under OGAA. High Priority Wildlife are often species not captured under the zones, areas or ranges designated through other sections of the EPMR.

High water mark Point on a stream bank usually indicated by a clearly visible change in vegetation and sediment texture. This border is sometimes shown by the edges of rooted terrestrial vegetation. Above this border, the soils and terrestrial plants appear undisturbed by recent stream erosion. Below this border, the banks typically show signs of both scouring and sediment deposition.

Horizontal well A horizontal extension to the bottom hole well location to facilitate production.

Hydraulic fracturing or fraccing The practice of pumping special fluids down the wellbore under high pressure; hydraulic fracturing causes the formation to crack open, creating passages for the reservoir hydrocarbons to more easily flow into the wellbore.

Also see, Fracturing (or fraccing) definition.

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) Commonly known as sour gas. H2S is colourless and smells like rotten eggs at low concentrations and is not detectable by odour at high concentrations. It is heavier than air and is flammable and may pose a public safety hazard if released at higher concentrations.

Page: 20 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA I, J Ice bridge Stream crossing constructed on the frozen surface of a stream or waterbody, where snow is removed and water added to strengthen and reinforce the ice surface.

Important fish habitat Habitat used by fish for feeding, growth, and migration, but is not deemed to be critical. This category of habitat usually contains a large amount of similar habitat readily available to the stock. Habitat indicators include: important migration corridors, the presence of suitable spawning habitat, and habitat with moderate rearing potential for fish species present.

Incident A present or imminent event or circumstance, resulting from an oil and gas activity that is the subject of an emergency contingency plan, that (a) is outside the scope of normal operations, and (b) may or may not be an emergency. Defined in Emergency Management Regulation.

Induced seismicity an event resulting from human activity, and can be caused by industries such as mining and natural gas development. is seldom felt at the surface and in British Columbia events have been recorded at low magnitudes.

Injection station A facility that includes gas compression or fluid pumping equipment to inject the gas or fluid into underground reservoirs for the purpose of enhancing production.

Integrity management programs (IMP) Pipeline Integrity Management Programs (IMPs) provide a systematic approach for assuring pipeline integrity throughout the entire pipeline lifecycle including design, construction, operation and maintenance. IMPs are a regulatory requirement and must be prepared in compliance with CSA Z662 including Annex N.

Integrity works All maintenance works undertaken to maintain pipeline integrity. This may include pipeline amendments, changes in and about a stream, additional temporary workspace, or any works not covered by the scope of existing permissions and authorizations related to the operation of the pipeline.

Isolated crossing Water crossing methods by which stream flow is diverted around a work site. These methods include: dam and flume, dam and pump, coffer dams and pump bypass.

Page: 21 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA K KERMIT The Commission’s Knowledge, Enterprise, Resource, Management, Information and Technology data system. KERMIT enables electronic submission of and/or compliance data and accepts various operational submissions related to oil and gas activities post approval.

Kill To prevent the threatened blowout of a well or to stop a blowout in progress, usually accomplished by the pumping of heavy fluids under pressure into the wellbore to overbalance (exceed) the formation pressure.

Page: 22 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA L Lake/Pond A lake/pond is a body of relatively still fresh water of considerable size, localized in a basin. Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams, which normally flow. Most lakes are filled and drained by rivers and streams.

Land and Resource Management Plan A strategic approach on how to manage natural resources and maintain sustainable land.

Land owner A person registered in the land title office as the registered owner of the land surface or as its purchaser under an agreement for sale, and a person to whom a disposition of Crown land has been issued under the Land Act. .

Lease A legal document conveying the right to drill for oil and gas, or the tract of land on which a lease has been obtained where the producing wells and production equipment are located.

PNG defines as a subsisting lease issued under this Act.

Lease(Land Act) Is issued where long term tenure is required, where substantial improvements are proposed, and/or where definite boundaries are required in order to avoid conflicts. The holder has the right to modify the land and/or construct improvements as specified in the tenure contract and permit. The holder is granted quiet enjoyment of the area (exclusive use).

Liability Management Rating (LMR) The LMR is calculated corporately for each permit holder and explained on the Commission website here.

Licence of Occupation A legal document that conveys non-exclusive use of Crown land for the purpose described within the document.

Log A detailed depth-related record of geological, formation attribute, and hydrocarbon potential data obtained by lowering measurement instruments into a well.

Long term all weather road A road with a continuous raised sub-grade and ditch line (the raised sub-grade and ditch line may be interrupted for short section <100 m in length (e.g., when crossing a short section of rock or at the crest of a hill). In flat terrain the ditch line may simply be the depression created when sub-grade material is excavated to create a raised sub-grade.

Page: 23 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA M Marginal well A well that, for reasons of depletion or natural low productivity, is nearing the limits of viable production and profitability.

Marginal fish habitat Habitat with low productive capacity and contributes marginally to fish production. Habitat indicators include the absence of suitable spawning habitat, and habitat with low rearing potential (for instance; locations with a distinct absence of deep pools, undercut banks, or stable debris, and with little or no suitably sized spawning gravels for the fish species present).

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Habitat Enhancement Branch, Interior North Office further defines marginal habitat as habitat that is:

 Not available to fish due to natural permanent barriers.  Available to fish, but is documented as supporting only very limited fish use, for purposes other than spawning, rearing or overwintering.

Marsh Wetland with mineral or sometimes well-decomposed peat soils. When peat soils are present they are often enriched with mineral materials. Waters are nutrient rich with near-neutral to basic pH. Surface water levels typically fluctuate seasonally, with declining levels exposing matted vegetation or mudflats. Emergent vegetation includes grasses, cattails, sedges, rushes, and reeds which cover more than 25 per cent of the wetland surface.

Material adverse effect A change to an environmental value established by Government’s Environmental The objectives are both material (i.e. serious, of consequence) and adverse (i.e. injurious, damaging, unfavourable). The consideration of material adverse effect is rooted in what an informed person could reasonably consider based on the available information. A potential effect must be both material and adverse (i.e. injurious or damaging, with an appreciable consequence) to be found inconsistent with Government’s Environmental Objectives.

Master Licence to Cut (MLTC) Required on Crown land where the removal of timber is necessary to conduct an oil and gas activity. A separate agreement is required for each forest district.

Metering schematic Metering block diagram detailing:

• All Meters (production accounting and non-production accounting). • Meter type (i.e.: orfice, turbine,ultrasonic, coriolis). • All production accounting meters on a list of table on the Metering Schematic. This will typically be a subset of all the meters.

Page: 24 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA • Cross reference this list to the meters shown on the metering schematic by meter number and/or meter description. • Include types of measuring devices used to determine levels and/or volumes in tanks or production vessels for production accounting purposes (i.e.: level gauge, level transmitter, pressure transmitter, inlet piping header to plant inlet separators).

Methane The most prevalent and common component of most natural gas produced in British Columbia.

Midstream activity The processing of natural gas or crude oil including transportation by pipeline of a raw product to a processing facility. The Commission views the infrastructure as including primarily gas processing plants and major pipelines transporting raw product (crude oil, natural gas, or natural gas by products) to a processing facility.

Mitigate The action of reducing the severity or seriousness of the impact.

Migration Movement from one place to another.

Multi-activity application An approved application that includes more than one activity submitted as a bundle. Approved applications are issued a Permit number comprised of specific authorization numbers for each approved activity. See “Application”.

Muskwa-Kechika Management Area (MKMA) Designated geographic area.

Page: 25 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA N Natural gas PNG defines as all fluid hydrocarbons, before and after processing, that are not defined as petroleum, and includes hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide and helium produced from a well.

Natural gas liquids Ethane, propane, , or pentanes plus, or a combination of them, obtained from the processing of raw gas or condensate.

Natural hazard mitigation project This usually occurs near large streams and involves bank reinforcement (rip-rap) to support the pipeline.

Natural watercourse Common usage indicates natural watercourse is a natural channel where water flows over a bed between defined banks. The flow of water does not need to be constant, but the channel must be a permanent and distinct feature on the landscape. The watercourse may also, at some point, spread over a level area without defined banks, before flowing again as a defined channel.

Non-classified drainage (NCD) An ephemeral or intermittent watercourse having a defined channel less than 100m in length, and at some points may spread over a level area without defined banks, before flowing again as a defined channel. These small watercourses often do not fall under the S1-S6 stream classification. They are generally defined as streams but do not meet the criteria for the definition and classification of stream under the EPMR.

North East British Columbia (NEBC) The geographic region in the northeastern corner of British Columbia consistent with the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin and Watershed Management Basins for which the Commission's Area-based Analysis is located and applied. NEBC is frequently used in other Commission documentation to describe where specific guidance/requirements apply such as the Environmental Protection and Management Guideline.

Notification Notification provides written information regarding proposed oil and gas activities to recipients within the identified notification distance. Where consultation is conducted with recipients, notification is not required.

Page: 26 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA O Observation well A non-producing well used to monitor pool pressure, usually included in annual pressure testing surveys.

Oil A mixture mainly of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons possibly contaminated with sulphur compounds, that is recovered or is recoverable at a well from an underground reservoir, and is liquid at the conditions under which its volume is measured or estimated, and includes all other hydrocarbon so recovered or recoverable except raw gas or condensate.

Oil battery A system or arrangement of tanks or other surface equipment or devices receiving the effluent of one or more wells for the purpose of separation and measurement prior to the delivery to market or other disposition.

Oil and Gas Activities Act (OGAA) Regulatory framework used to regulate oil and gas activities in British Columbia.

Oil and gas activity Defined in OGAA.

Oil and gas roads A road or portion of a road constructed or maintained to facilitate the carrying out of an oil and gas activity. Defined in OGRR.

Open bottom structure Stream crossing structures spanning the entire streambed and minimize impacts to the natural stream channel.

Open cut Water crossing methods (primarily for pipeline applications) by which an in- stream work site is exposed to stream flow.

Open hole A wellbore in which casing has not been set.

Operating area An area, identified in a permit, within which a permit holder is permitted to carry out an oil and gas activity.

Operator The company or individual responsible for managing an exploration, development or production operation.

Orphan sites Wells are defined as “Orphan Sites” if the operator is either insolvent or cannot be located.

Overlapping Projects Overlaps exist where two or more projects – whether proposed or completed – cover portions of the same area of land.

Page: 27 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA P Perforate Make holes through the casing and cement opposite the producing formation to allow gas to flow into the well.

Permeability The capacity of a reservoir rock of coal seam to transmit fluids; how easily fluids can pass through rock.

Permanent crossing A stream crossing to be constructed and remain in place for longer than one year or over at least one spring freshet .

Permit condition A stipulation added to an Application’s Authorization or Permission by a Reviewer.

Permit Defined in OGAA.

Permit holder Defined in OGAA.

Pipeline Those items through which oil or gas industry fluids are conveyed, including pipe, components, and any appurtenances attached thereto, up to and including the isolating valves and/or pig barrels located at stations and other facilities.

Defined in OGAA.

Pipeline gathering A pipeline that conveys gas from a wellhead assembly to a treatment plant, transmission line, distribution line, or service line.

Pipeline segment A section of pipeline within the pipeline system.

Pipeline system Pipelines, stations, and other facilities required for the measurement, processing, gathering, transportation, and distribution of oil or gas industry fluids.

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) A detailed diagram for each facility or skid/building identifying all instrumentation symbols, valves & connections, piping and vessels, line numbering, fuel gas, flare and vent streams. This drawing must include all safety systems such as

H2S detection, flammable gas detection, and fire detection inside and outside of buildings. This information, from the individual drawings, can also be summarized on a separate P&ID. The P&ID must also include the initial high and low set points of all pressure switches proposed at the facility.

Place of public concourse An area where people can reasonably be expected to gather including, but not limited to, a school, picnic area, church hall, or medical facility.

Page: 28 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Plot plan A diagram identifying the surface area required for the facility and the proposed equipment, including but not limited to, the lease area, the access road point of entry including proposed fencing and/or access control measures, and how the access continues past the facility site if applicable, the equipment layout with distances shown in metres, (for example all storage tanks, buildings, compressors, flare stacks, flare knock out drums, line heaters, pump jacks, etc), all wellhead positions (clearly labelled by location), where the riser/pipeline starts and ends on a site and how it leaves the site going into the right-of-way. Fencing and/or gates must also be shown on the plot plan.

Pool A natural underground reservoir containing an accumulation of oil or gas or both, separated or appearing to be separated from any other accumulation.

Porosity The volume of spaces within rock or coal seam possibly containing oil and gas (like the amount of water a sponge can hold); the open or void space within rock.

Practicable The Commission follows the definition of “practicable” as defined under the Forest and Range Practices Act and Regulations.

Practicable Capable of being effected, done or put into practice; feasible. An applicant or permit holder should review and consider the full range of options available in the context of social, economic and environmental implications. Where it is feasible to use one of the options in the range then the requirements apply; however, if a practicable option does not exist then the requirements may not apply. Where it is not practicable to meet the requirements of the EPMR , it is important for applicants and permit holders to document considerations, rationale, process followed, experts and information consulted to demonstrate due diligence.

The Commission follows the definition of “practicable” as defined under the Forest and Range Practices Act and Regulations.

Preliminary Field Reconnaissance (PFR) A field inspection where an archaeologist establishes whether or not an area has archaeological potential. An archaeologist may also down grade an AIA report to a PFR report if the field inspection revealed no areas of archaeological potential. Also, see Archaeological Impact Assessment (AIA).

Process Flow Diagram (PFD) A diagram showing all major equipment, vessels, meters, and interconnecting piping (process, fuel, flare and vent at a minimum) at the facility, or within an identified skid or building.

Processing battery An oil battery (see battery definition) where additional equipment is added to process the oil or solution gas such as: compression, gas dehydration, injection,

Page: 29 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA or disposal, but not gas processing equipment as the term is defined in the Drilling & Production Regulation.

Produced water Water flowing or is extracted to the surface from a natural gas or oil well, including water injected into the formation, and including any chemicals added during the production/treatment process. This includes flow-back fluids from well completion and stimulation operations. This also includes any fresh water not used for domestic purposes.

Propane (C3H8) An organic compound found in natural gas. Reported volumes may contain some ethane or .

Proponent The company applying for or holding an oil and gas permit.

Producer cost of service allowance An allowance against royalties to cover the costs of gathering and processing natural gas for sale, and the costs of conserving conservation gas.

Proppant Sand (or ceramic beads) suspended in drilling fluid during fracturing job to keep (prop) open the cracks in the rock when the fluid is withdrawn.

Proven reserve The quantity of oil or gas proven to be technically and economically feasible to recover.

Page: 30 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Q Qualified specialist A member in good standing of a profession regulated in British Columbia and who is recognized by the profession as being qualified to work in an area of practice for which an opinion or advice is required. This person possesses an appropriate combination of formal education, knowledge, skills and experience to conduct a technically sound and rational assessment for the area of practice, and is familiar with applicable provincial regulation, policies, protocols and guidelines.

Page: 31 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA R Reach A relatively homogeneous section of a stream having a sequence of repeating structural characteristics (or processes) and fish habitat types. The key physical factors used to determine reaches in the field are channel pattern, channel confinement, gradient, and streambed and bank materials. Stream reaches generally show uniformity in those characteristics and in discharge.

Reclamation Process of restoring the surface area of a decommissioned wellsite, access road and related facilities to pre-operational conditions as is technically and economically feasible.

Reconnaissance evaluations Observing field conditions is critical, and reconnaissance evaluations are essential to operational planning and completion of the Geophysical Exploration Permit Application form. Ideally, site evaluations would be assessed through a combination of aerial and ground reconnaissance.

Regionally important wildlife A category of species considered important to a region of British Columbia, relies on habitat not otherwise protected under legislation, and may be adversely impacted by industrial activity.

Related activity Defined in OGAA.

Remediation Action to eliminate, limit, correct, counteract, mitigate or remove any contaminant or the adverse effects on the environment or human health of any contaminant. Further defined in the Environmental Management Act.

Remote access to archaeological data (RAAD) A web interface used to access archaeological site data maintained by the Archaeology Branch at FLNRO. All recorded archaeological sites within the province of British Columbia are entered into this database. Access to this information is subject to authorization granted by the Archaeology Branch and is limited to government agencies with land or resource management responsibilities, first nation governments, and professional consulting archaeologists. Site information contained within RAAD can be provided to clients, agents etc. by the Archaeology Branch, upon request. Coordinates of sites provided by RAAD should be should be verified using site maps and location descriptions available via RAAD or from the Archaeology Branch

Replacement structures Proposed stream crossing structures occupying the same riparian management area and crossing location as the original stream crossing structure.

Reserves Estimated remaining quantities of oil and natural gas and related substances anticipated to be recoverable from known accumulations, as of a given date, Page: 32 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA based on the analysis of drilling, geological, geophysical, and engineering data; the use of established technology; and specified economic conditions, which are generally accepted as being reasonable. Reserves are further classified according to the level of certainty associated with the estimates and may be sub classified based on development and production status (from COGEH).

Reservoir (pool) A porous and permeable underground rock formation containing a natural accumulation of crude oil or natural gas confined by impermeable rock or water barriers, and is separate from other reservoirs.

Resistivity Means of determining the porosity of rock by measuring its electrical resistance to the passage of an electrical current.

Resource Quantities of hydrocarbons estimated to be potentially recoverable from undiscovered accumulations by application of future development projects. Prospective resources have both an associated chance of discovery and a chance of development (adapted from COGEH).

Review corridors Review corridors are part of a pipeline application and permit and allow flexibility during construction for pipeline placement and associated disturbances.

Rights holder A person granted non-intensive occupation or use of Crown land by permit, licence, or approval.

Riparian Relating to or living or located on the bank of a natural watercourse (as a river) or sometimes of a lake or a .

River/Stream A river/stream is a natural watercourse of freshwater flowing towards an ocean/sea, lake or other river, sometimes flowing towards the ground and drying up prior to reaching another water body. Small rivers may also be called by several other names, including stream, creek, brook, rivulet, tributary, rill and “crick”.

Road allowance A portion of Crown land designated or indicated as a road on a plan of survey, on the border of or through a section, lot or block, whether or not a road is constructed on the land.

Royalty The portion of the value of the oil and gas produced by a company paid to the Crown.

Page: 33 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA S Samples The wellbore obtained at definite depth intervals during drilling. These cuttings can be examined to determine the rock type, the formation being drilled, and indications of gas content.

Salt water Water of greater than 4,000 milligrams per litre of total dissolved solids originating from a geologic formation.

Satellite battery A facility for testing oil wells and typically includes a test separator with no oil storage.

Sierra-Yoyo-Desan (SYD) Geographic applicable area comprising parts of the NTS grid 094J, 094I, 094O and all of 094P. Details are available on Ledcor Groups’ webpage.

Seismic line Linear corridor created to position geophones to facilitate recording geophysical information. As defined in Environmental Protection and Management Regulation: the area within which the trees are removed or the vegetation is modified for the purposes of carrying out geophysical exploration, and includes any associated access trails and equipment staging areas.

Shale gas Natural gas contained in gas bearing .

Shallow open water wetland Wetland intermittently or permanently flooded with open expanses of standing or moving water up to 2 metres deep. Open water with no emergent vegetation covers 75 per cent or more of the wetland surface. These wetlands are commonly termed ponds or pools.

Short term low grade road A road with the stumps removed and a bladed running surface. There may be elements of ditching and elevated grade, particularly around wet areas but these features are not continuous.

Snow blown ice bridge Stream crossing constructed on the frozen surface of a waterbody where water has been added to strengthen and reinforce the ice surface, over top of which man-made snow is blown in or placed until an appropriate bank height is achieved. These crossing structures offer the structural integrity of ice bridges but do not require streambank cutting to construct the approaches.

Snow/ice road A single lane seasonal winter road including turnouts, with a flat road profile built with a combination of snow, ice and dirt, on a surface that may or may not have been stumped. The driving surface is built up using multiple layers of snow and ice so extra stabilizing material costs are not applicable. A flat road profile means the side slope is less than or equal to 15 per cent and there is minimal side cut. Minimal cuts means: mineral or organic soil must not exceed 0.5 metre in depth

Page: 34 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA for distances up to 0.1 km. Seismic lines being used for roads not previously been used as roads, will be considered as new construction and qualify as snow/ice roads provided they fall within the above criteria.

Snowfill Winter stream crossing constructed by depositing clean snow within the stream channel and compacting it.

Soil The upper layer of in which plants grow. A black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock .

Solution gas All gas separated from oil production.

Sour gas Sour gas is natural gas that contains measurable amounts of hydrogen sulphide

(H2S).

Sour crude oil Processed and/or dehydrated sales oil for refinery feedstock in which the effective hydrogen sulphide exceeds 0.3kPa at the point absolute pressure.

Sour oil well effluent Produced oil or in which the effective hydrogen sulphide partial pressure exceeds 0.3kPa at the bubble point absolute pressure.

Species at risk A category of species representing those species previously listed as Species At Risk under the Forest and Range Practices Act, and are designated as Species at Risk by Order under Section 29 (a) of the EPMR of OGAA.

Spillage Defined in OGAA.

Spring freshet The annual spring rise of streams in cold climates as a result of snowmelt; freshet also refers to a flood caused by rain or snow.

Statutory Right of Way A legal document authorizing long term tenure over the land for a specific purpose. It does not confer the right to exclusive use and enjoyment of the area. Issued once a legal survey has been completed.

Stream A natural watercourse or source of water supply, whether usually containing water or not, and a lake, river, creek, spring, ravine, swamp and gulch.

Streambank Most streams also have definable, visibly continuous banks. However, the banks of some smaller streams may be discontinuous. In these cases, the banks and channel bed of short segments of stream may not be visible due to the presence of bridging or overhanging vegetation, or the stream has scoured a channel underneath rooted mats of soil. In other cases, segments of the channel might be filled to the crest of the banks with colluvial deposits as a result of debris jams.

Page: 35 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA However, in all cases, the channel should be detectable throughout the length of the stream being defined so flow is continuous.

Stream channel width The horizontal distance between the streambanks on opposite sides of the stream, measured at right angles to the general orientation of the banks. The point on each bank from which width is measured is the high water mark.

Sump Shallow pond lined with adjacent to the drilling rig, used to store drilling fluid.

Surface agreement An agreement on private land between the applicant company and a landowner to permit the construction and operation of oil and gas activities.

Surface casing The first string of casing put into a well; it is cemented into place and serves to shut out shallow water formations and as a foundation for well control.

Surface Development A permanent dwelling, public facility, or development occupied full time or part time (e.g., a private residence, school, hospital, campground, recreation centre, work camp, or place of work, excluding a neighboring oil and gas site). Surface lease An area related to oil and gas activity.

Suspended well A well previously completed but is now no longer being produced.

Swamp Wetland with mineral or occasionally peat soils with a water table at or near the surface. There is pronounced internal water movement from adjacent mineral areas, making the waters nutrient-rich. If peat is present, it is mainly well- decomposed wood and occasionally sedges. The vegetation is typically dominated by coniferous or deciduous trees or dense shrubs and herbaceous species.

Sweet gas Natural gas with no measurable quantities of hydrogen sulphide (H2S).

Sweet natural gas Natural gas with a partial pressure of H2S Less than 0.3 kPa based on MOP.

Page: 36 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA T Tank terminal A facility where produced hydrocarbons and/or produced water is delivered by truck, rail, or pipeline, from or to the facility, and typically includes fluid storage tanks and/or pumping equipment. This type includes all previously identified Pipeline Terminal facilities.

Target area Predefined area in a gas spacing area where wells can be located without incurring a penalty on production for impacting adjacent spacing areas.

Tenure Tenure is a time-limited ownership of the subsurface petroleum and natural gas (PNG) rights, and confers the right to apply to access, explore and develop oil and gas according to applicable statutory requirements.

Test facility A facility established for reporting gas production only when a well is being drilled using the “Gas While Drilling” process.

Test hole A well drilled to shallow depths for evaluation purposes. It can be drilled deeper in formations with Commission approval and without the requirement of holding subsurface rights.

Tight gas Natural gas contained in low permeability sandstones and carbonates.

Timing windows Periods of time when oil and gas activities can be conducted with reduced risk to fish and wildlife, and fish and wildlife habitat. They are also referred to as “windows of least risk”, and define the period of time when activities may be permitted to occur. Timing windows are specific to fish and wildlife species and the geographic area within which the work is conducted.

Temporary crossing A stream crossing in place for no more than one year and not in place over a spring freshet period.

Trenchless crossing Stream crossing methods not requiring an open trench in order to lay a pipeline. Examples include bore, directional drill, and others.

Page: 37 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA U Unconventional gas Natural gas contained in difficult to produce formations requiring special completion, stimulation and other techniques to produce economically (coalbed gas, tight gas, and hydrates).

Under-balanced drilling Drilling under conditions where the pressure being exerted inside the wellbore (from the drilling fluids) is less than the pressure of the oil or gas in the formation.

Upstream activity Recovery, production and gathering of natural gas and petroleum.

V Venting The intentional controlled release of un-combusted directly to the atmosphere.

Page: 38 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA W, X, Y Z Water Hub A water hub can be a single activity application as a facility, or may exist at the same site as another facility such as a compressor station or gas processing plant. It is established only where the produced fluid is stored separate from a facility used to compress, dehydrate, or process gas or oil. The Commission assigns a separate water hub facility designation along with the other adjacent facility type at the same site (i.e.: CS – compressor station & WH – water hub). These two facilities can co-exist at the same location, and be permitted under the same facility permit.

Water Management Plan A Water Management Plan is required for any water licence application with a proposed diversion rate of 200 cubic metres per day or greater, or 10,000 cubic metres per year or greater, or for the purpose of “oilfield injection” (which includes hydraulic fracturing). The specific requirements of the plan may vary depending on the volume of water requested in relation to the volume of water available in the source. Applicants may wish to contact the Commission’s Hydrologist to discuss this detail before developing the plan.

All water hub facilities and facilities with excavated ponds and pits or permanent C-rings must include a water management plan (WMP) with the application. The water management plan is intended to be a comprehensive plan outlining the process and inventory of produced and fresh water, as well as preventative designs and procedures

Water Source Dugout If an area of land previously permitted as a borrow pit is used as a source of water that has naturally accumulated (from snowmelt, rainfall, or groundwater inflow), the applicant must ensure appropriate permits are in place to use as a “water source dugout”.

Wells Wells are an oil and gas activity as defined in the Oil and Gas Activities Act and are specifically defined in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Act.

Well The concentration of wells on the land surface (per unit area).

Well facility A facility directly associated with one or more wells that typically includes a simple piping and equipment configuration with equipment such as effluent (orifice) meters, test and / or group separators, sand separators, emergency shut down valves, pressure control valves, and can also include production tanks and flare systems.

Well servicing The maintenance work performed on a well to maintain or improve production levels. Examples include: repairs to , valves, and tubing.

Page: 39 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Well spacing The distance between wells producing from the same reservoir. Spacing is often expressed in terms of area and is usually established by regulatory agencies.

Wellbore The hole made by the drilling bit.

Wellhead The equipment used to maintain surface control of a well.

Wildlife tree retention area (WRTA) A forest retention area associated with a silvicultural system where forest patches or individual trees are retained to provide habitat, , scenic or other values.

Wildcat Exploratory well several kilometres from any known pool.

Windthrow risk The risk that standing timber will succumb to damage from events.

Workover Additional work required on a producing well to maintain, restore or improve production. Examples include wellbore flow stimulation by perforating or fracturing, removing sand or from the wellbore, and installing water pumps.

Page: 40 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Terms Common to Facilities

Battery Site A gas or oil facility with product separation and multiphase delivery point measurement (as defined in the BCOGC Measurement Requirements for Upstream Oil and Gas Operations Guideline) for one or more wells.

Drilling & Production Regulation definition: a battery means a system or arrangement of tanks or other surface equipment receiving the effluents of one or more wells prior to delivery to market or other disposition, and may include equipment or devices for separating the effluents into petroleum, natural gas or water and for measurement;

Examples include:

1. Single oil well with solution gas flared and oil tanked on site.

2. Multi-well battery with a test and group separator.

3. A temporary gas well test unit producing marketable hydrocarbons that are trucked to a TRD (Treatment, Recovery & Disposal) facility.

4. A water source well installation for oil and gas drilling, completions, or enhanced recovery production operations.

Compressor Dehydrator A facility that includes both natural gas compression equipment and dehydration equipment for one or more wells.

Compressor Station A facility that includes natural gas compression equipment for one or more wells. This does not include booster compressors for single wells, or for well pads with more than one well.

Design Standard The P & ID and PFD (flow schematic) drawings must clearly identify the design standard (code) used whether CSA Z662 or CSA B51 (ASME B31.3), and include all code break points. These design codes must also be identified in the field where it is practical to do so.

Disposal Station A facility that includes equipment that handles oil and gas waste. The equipment may include, but is not limited to the treatment, recovery, storage, or disposal of drilling or completions waste, well fracture returns/flowback, and acid gas from a processing plant.

Page: 41 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Gas Dehydrator A facility that includes natural gas dehydration equipment for one or more wells. The molecular sieve and glycol regenerative systems both fit within the scope of this definition.

Gas Plant gas processing plant means a facility for the extraction from natural gas of hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, helium, ethane, natural gas liquids or other substances, but does not include a facility that:

(a) Uses, for the exclusive purpose of processing low-volume fuel gas.

(i) A regenerative system for the removal of hydrogen sulphide or carbon dioxide and emits less than 2 tonnes/day of Sulphur.

(ii) A liquid extraction process such as refrigeration to extract hydrocarbon liquids from a gas stream.

(b) Uses a non-regenerative system for the removal of hydrogen sulphide or carbon dioxide.

Gas Sales Meter A natural gas metering station. A gas sales meter can be a separate facility located on its own site, or it can be located on an existing facility site such as a gas plant or compressor dehydrator site.

Gathering System Schematic (Gathering Block Diagram)

A diagram indicating the flow path of oil and/or gas (including liquids) in pipelines between wells (well site facilities) and central facilities they are physically linked to (connected by pipelines). Identify the route of the primary product from the well to the reporting facility, and include the Well Authorization numbers and Facility Codes that are a part of the new linkage.

Injection Station A facility that includes gas compression or fluid pumping equipment to inject the gas or fluid into underground reservoirs for the purpose of enhancing production.

IOGC Agreement This document is required if an agreement is required from Indian Oil and Gas Canada for the project.

NGL Fractionation Facility A processing facility that receives hydrocarbon liquids for the purpose of processing off-spec natural gas liquids (NGL) into one or more spec components such as propane and butane.

Oil Sales Meter A facility where oil or hydrocarbon liquid (LVP or HVP) is metered, and typically includes pumping equipment such as a LACT unit transporting the liquid into a pipeline. An oil sales meter can be a separate facility located on its own site, or it

Page: 42 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA can be located on an existing facility site such as a gas processing plant or battery.

P&ID A detailed diagram for each facility or skid/building identifying all instrumentation symbols, valves & connections, piping and vessels, line numbering, fuel gas, flare and vent streams. This drawing must include all safety systems such as H2S detection, flammable gas detection, and fire detection inside and outside of buildings. This information, from the individual drawings, can also be summarized on a separate P&ID. The P&ID must also include the initial high and low set points of all pressure switches proposed at the facility.

Pipeline Gathering A facility created internally by Commission staff in collaboration with the permit holder for reporting production when one or more wells simultaneously flow to more than one reporting facility.

Plot Plan A diagram identifying the surface area required for the facility and the proposed equipment, including but not limited to, the lease area, the access road point of entry including proposed fencing and/or access control measures, and how the access continues past the facility site if applicable, the equipment layout with distances shown in meters, (for example all storage tanks, buildings, compressors, flare stacks, flare knock out drums, line heaters, pump jacks, etc), all wellhead positions (clearly labelled by location), where the riser/pipeline starts and ends on a site and how it leaves the site going into the right-of-way. Fencing and/or gates must also be shown on the plot plan.

Process Flow Diagram (PFD) A diagram showing all major equipment, vessels, meters, and interconnecting piping (process, fuel, flare and vent at a minimum) at the facility, or within an identified skid or building.

Processing Battery An oil battery (see above definition) where additional equipment is added to process the oil or solution gas such as: compression, gas dehydration, injection, or disposal, but not gas processing equipment as the term is defined in the Drilling & Production Regulation.

Examples include: Treatment, Recovery & Disposal (TRD) facilities, acid gas disposal facilities, facilities that include deep well disposal for oil and gas waste.

Pump Station A facility that includes pumping equipment used to transport hydrocarbon liquid in a major pipeline, (oil, LVP or HVP), or a facility that is used to pump fresh water from a major water source. (This does not include LACT units at gas processing plants and oil batteries, and chemical pumps, truck loading pumps, and water disposal, transfer, or injection pumps at water hubs and disposal facilities).

Page: 43 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Satellite Battery A facility for testing oil wells and typically includes a test separator with no oil storage.

Shared Facilities A facility designated for minor equipment that is shared by more than one well, and that equipment does not constitute the establishment of a larger facility such as a compressor, gas dehydrator, or battery. There are no linkages established between shared facilities and wells, or other facilities.

Examples include: test separator at a multi – well (gas) pad, flare stack and /or production tanks at a multi-well pad.

Tank Terminal A facility where produced hydrocarbons and/or produced water is delivered by truck, rail, or pipeline, from or to the facility, and typically includes fluid storage tanks and/or pumping equipment. This type includes all previously identified Pipeline Terminal facilities.

Test Facility A facility established for reporting gas production only when a well is being drilled using the “Gas While Drilling” process.

Water Hub A facility where produced water or well fracture flow back is being stored from one or more well pads, either in above ground tanks, open top containers, or in excavated ponds, and utilized for storage and/or well completions operations on more than one well, or multi-well pad. The associated equipment may include storage tanks, generators, pumps, piping, meters and filters. The installation may be temporary or permanent in nature.

A water hub can be a stand-alone facility, or may exist at the same site as another facility such as a compressor station or gas processing plant. It is established only where the produced fluid is stored separate from a facility used to compress, dehydrate, or process gas or oil. Historically, when the water hub was part of one of these facilities it became integral with the facility, and did not require the distinct designation of a water hub. The Commission now assigns a separate water hub facility designation along with the other adjacent facility type at the same site (i.e.: CS – compressor station & WH – water hub). These two facilities can co-exist at the same location, and be permitted under the same facility permit.

Well facility A facility directly associated with one or more wells that typically includes a simple piping and equipment configuration with equipment such as effluent (orifice) meters, test and / or group separators, sand separators, emergency shut down valves, pressure control valves, and can also include production tanks and flare systems.

Page: 44 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Terms Common to LNG Facilities

Boil Off Gas (BOG) LNG vaporizes or “boils off” during transfer from the heavily insulated LNG storage tanks to the LNG tankers and vice-versa. Even during storage LNG is stored at close to its point, and small quantities will continue to boil off. Boil off gas is recovered and re-liquefied or can be utilized in the facility’s low pressure fuel system. On LNG tankers, powered by steam turbines, boil off gas is used as fuel.

Cascade Feedstock natural gas is cooled in a heat exchanger in three discrete stages using propane, or ethane and methane. Propane is condensed with cooling water or air, ethylene is condensed with evaporating propane and methane is condensed with evaporating ethylene.

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) CNG is natural gas compressed into gas cylinders, chiefly used as an alternative for liquid in road vehicles. Unlike LNG where is used to reduce the volume occupied by natural gas, CNG relies on pressure as the mechanism to reduce the volume.

Cryogenics The process of producing, maintaining and utilizing very low temperatures. Although not agreed upon it is suggested the cryogenic temperature begin below -150ºC or -238ºF. Temperatures needed to liquefy natural gas fall into the range of .

Deflagration A combustion mechanism caused by the reaction of a mixture of a reducing material such as a combustible gas and an oxidizer such as air or transmitting energy in the form of heat to the unreacted medium, this results in the expansion of reaction products and subsequent compression waves propagating at speeds usually less than the and up to 300 m/s in gaseous materials.

Deriming (defrosting or de-icing) The removal from low-temperature process equipment by heating and , sublimation, or , of accumulated constituents, such as water, carbon dioxide, etc., forming solids at cryogenic temperatures.

Double Containment A single containment container tank system surrounded by, and within 6 m (20 ft) of, an open-to-the-atmosphere wall (secondary container) designed to contain LNG in the event of a spill from the primary or inner container.

Emergency shutdown systems (ESD) These systems are independent of the main control systems and are utilized to safely shut down operating systems in the event of an emergency. Page: 45 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Phases, specifically the design and of resources and building of an LNG project.

Expander cycle Refrigeration is provided by compression and expansion of a single component gas stream. High pressure gas is cooled in a counter-current heat exchanger with the returning cold gas. The gas is expanded to a low temperature using an expansion turbine.

Front End Engineering Design (FEED) Activities defining the design of a facility to a level where it can be developed into EPC phases. This occurs after the conceptual design phase of an LNG project.

Fuel Gas A process stream which is used in providing energy for facility operations.

Full containment The tank system in which the inner (primary) container is self-standing and is surrounded by a separate self-standing secondary container designed to contain LNG in the event of a spill from the inner container, and where the secondary container is enclosed by a steel or concrete roof designed so excess vapour caused by a spill of LNG from the primary container will discharge through the relief valves.

Flammability Limits The minimum and maximum percentages of gas in air within which the gas will ignite. For natural gas these limits lie between 5 per cent and 15 per cent and are referred to as the lower and upper flammability limits, respectively.

Floating LNG (FLNG) Water based LNG operations employing technologies enabling the development of offshore natural gas resources.

Gas Processing The separation of oil and gas, and the removal of and natural gas liquids from natural gas to meet the delivery Specification of a gas transportation pipeline.

Heel The minimum LNG necessary to be retained in the ship or onshore storage tanks to maintain their cryogenic temperatures.

Hydrocarbon An organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen and includes oil and natural gas.

Impounding area An area, established by the use of dikes or by site topography, used to contain an accidental spill of LNG or flammable .

Liquefaction The process by which a gas is converted into a liquid.

Page: 46 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA (LNG) Natural gas in a liquid state, composed predominantly of methane and possibly containing minor quantities of ethane, propane, , or other components normally found in natural gas.

Liquefied natural gas facility or LNG facility A facility whose components are used to store liquefied natural gas and may also condition, liquefy, transfers or vaporize natural gas.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Predominately a mixture of hydrocarbon comprised of 3 and 4 carbon in a liquid state at storage and temperatures.

Mtpa (millions of tonnes per annum) Units used to expressed the capacity of an LNG facility.

Mercaptans Chemical compounds of sulphur used as Odorants.

Mixed This process uses mixed refrigerants instead of multiple pure refrigerants. The liquid evaporates over a temperature range. This process had good thermodynamic efficiency, lower power requirements and uses smaller machinery.

Natural gas Gaseous forms of hydrocarbons, principally methane, with minor amounts of ethane, butanes, pentanes, and along with non- hydrocarbon impurities such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and .

Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) Components of natural gas in a liquid state at surface and include propane, butane, and heavier hydrocarbons.

Odorisation The process of giving odourless natural gas a smell for safety reasons by injecting small quantities of organic sulphur compounds, such as Mercaptans, typically at the rate of 30 ppm.

Peak Shaving The process of drawing gas during peak-use periods from storage or peak-load plants to supplement the normal amounts delivered to customers. Peak shaving may be daily or seasonal and may be handled in a variety of ways including underground storage and peak shaving LNG facilities.

Rapid Phase Transitions LNG undergoes a rapid transition to especially when spilled on water. The volume of the LNG instantly expands 600 times resulting in a Rapid (RPT) or physical explosion which poses a hazard for structures and people close to the site of the incident. This explosion does not involve combustion. When LNG is spilled on water, heat is transferred from the water to the LNG. This results in a rapid transformation of liquid to gas releasing a large amount of energy.

Page: 47 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA The reconversion of LNG into gas suitable for pipeline transportation.

Refrigerant Natural gas requires refrigeration over a broad range of temperatures requiring the use of refrigerants. The refrigerant is usually a liquid medium used for removing sensible and from the natural gas stream. It may be part of the natural gas stream in an open-cycle process or a separate fluid continuously re-circulated through the liquefier in a closed-cycle process. The following are three general types of refrigeration cycle.

Single A single-wall tank system or a double-wall tank system in which only the primary or inner container is designed to contain LNG. An impoundment system is required to serve as a secondary containment system in the event of a spill of LNG from the tank.

Storage tanks The tanks, vessels and impounding systems used for storing and containing LNG. Based on how the LNG is contained in the event of a breach of the primary container, a is classified as one of the following three systems.

Tonne, metric Equals 1000 kilograms or 2204.6 pounds. The capacity of an LNG baseload facility is typically expressed in tonnes.

Train (liquefaction) An independent unit for gas liquefaction. An LNG facility may comprise one or more trains.

Transfer area Portion of an LNG facility containing a piping system where LNG, flammable liquids, or flammable refrigerants are introduced into or removed from the facility, such as truck loading, or ship unloading areas, or where piping connections are connected or disconnected routinely.

Page: 48 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Terms Common to Oil and Gas Measurement Absolute Density of Gas The gas’ mass per unit volume at a specific pressure and temperature. Absolute are generally expressed in kg/m³ at 101.325kPa(a) and 15°C.

Absolute Density of Liquid The liquid’s mass per unit volume at a specific pressure and temperature. Absolute density of a liquid is generally expressed as kg/m³ at 101.325kPa(a) and 15°C.

Accuracy The ability of a to indicate values closely approximating the true value of the quantity measured.

Acid Gas A natural gas or any other gas mixture containing significant quantities of

hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), or similar contaminants.

Allocation Factor A factor, that is used to correct the fluid receipt volumes (considered estimates) to actual volumes based on inventories and disposition measurements at facilities where only fluids received by truck are handled, such as custom treaters or terminals.

Analog Transmitter A transmitter that utilizes analog circuitry to convert the output to either a 4-20 miliamp or 1-5 volt signal.

Approved Written acceptance by the Regulator that has jurisdiction.

Associated Gas Gas produced in association with oil production at oil wells. Commonly known as solution gas.

Allowable Used in connection with a well, means the amount of oil or gas a well is permitted to produce, in accordance with an order of the Commission Board for this purpose, after application of any applicable penalty factor.

Artificial Lift A method of producing gas and/or liquids from a gas well that involves the use of an on/off controller, plunger lift, pump jack, , , screw pump, or any other method of enhancing production that is a supplement to a completed wellbore’s ability to flow.

Authorized Commission Employee An employee of the Commission who is designated in writing by the Commissioner as an authorized Commission employee for the purposes of that provision.

Bias Any influence on a result that produces an incorrect approximation of the true value of the variable being measured. Bias is the result of a predictable systematic error.

Page: 49 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Battery / Facility A system or arrangement of tanks or other surface equipment receiving the effluents of one or more wells prior to delivery to market or prior to other disposition, and may include equipment or devices for separating the effluents into oil, gas, or water and for measurement.

Butane (C4H10) An organic compound found in natural gas. Reported volumes may contain some propane or pentanes plus.

Calibration Procedures or operations that establish the accuracy of the values indicated by a measuring device as compared to the values indicated by a measuring standard by making changes or adjustments to the measuring device.

Calibration Standard A certified device used in calibration or proving that has a known value traceable to national reference standards maintained by the National Research Council in Ottawa, Ontario.

Central Processing Facility A battery / facility system or arrangement of tanks or other surface equipment receiving the effluent of one or more wells or a satellite prior to delivery to market or other disposition; may include equipment or devices for separating the effluents into crude oil, gas, or water for the injection and distribution of air, steam, gas, hydrocarbon, or other materials, for water treatment and recycling, and for measurement but does not include a processing plant.

Clean Oil Oil with 0.5% S&W or less.

Common Crown or Freehold Royalty When all the wells in a battery/facility are produced under Crown mineral leases and the Crown receives the same royalty rate for each well, or when under leases granted by one freehold mineral holder, the freehold mineral holder receives the same royalty rate for each well. If there is more than one freehold mineral holder for the wells in a battery/facility, the total royalty rate for each well is the same.

Common Ownership All wells in a battery/facility belong to the same working interest participant, or if there is more than one working interest participant, each working interest participant has the same percentage interest in each well in the battery / facility.

Composite Meter Factor A factor that is calculated by dividing the temperature corrected prover volume by the indicated meter volume for a prover run. The final CMF is often averaged from the results of multiple prover runs. The CMF includes corrections for the effects of any combination of temperature, pressure or shrinkage.

Compressor Station A facility that includes natural gas compression equipment for one or more wells. This does not include booster compressors for single wells, or for well pads with more than one well.

Page: 50 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Condensate A mixture mainly of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons (C5+) that may be contaminated with sulphur compounds. It is recovered at a well or facility from an underground reservoir and may be gaseous in its virgin reservoir state but is liquid at the conditions under which its volume is measured

Condensate, Separator Liquids Separator liquids are a mixture of hydrocarbon components that remain in a liquid state under the equilibrium pressure and temperature conditions established in a two-phase or three-phase separator. The composition and physical properties of separator liquids are highly variable and are a function of separator inlet fluid composition and separator pressure and temperature conditions.

Condensate, Stock Tank Liquids Stabilized liquids are a mixture of hydrocarbon components that remain in the liquid state following single-stage . Stabilized condensate is expected to have low concentrations of light ends (C1-C4) components. The composition and physical properties of the stabilized condensate is a function of the equilibrium pressure and temperature conditions of the stabilizer and the composition of the stabilizer feed from which it was derived.

Condensate to Gas Ratio (CGR) A ratio calculated by dividing the total condensate test volumes by the measured test gas volume. Referenced in m3/e3m3.

Confidence Level The degree of confidence that may be placed on an estimated range of uncertainty.

Conservation Gas Natural gas produced from an oil well event where the marketable gas is conserved but does not include gas produced from an oil well event granted concurrent production status.

Concurrent Production Gas produced from an oil well event where the oil well event is part of an approved concurrent production scheme.

Continuous Measurement Uninterrupted measurement.

Correction Factor A correction factor is any mathematical adjustment made to take into account deviations in volume related to temperature or pressure in either the sample or the measured volume. It must be determined in accordance with API MPMS.

Critical Lift Gas wells with liquid loading are incapable of removing the liquid associated with produced gas from the wellbore (Lea, 2003). This phenomenon is initiated when the upward gas velocity in the well falls below a critical value, at which point the liquid that was initially entrained in the gas stream begins to fall back. This liquid accumulates down hole where it increases the hydrostatic back-pressure on the

Page: 51 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA reservoir, destabilizes the multiphase flow in the well (following flow regime changes), decreases production rate and, in severe cases, kills the well.

Crude Oil A mixture mainly of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons that may be contaminated with sulphur compounds, that is recovered or is recoverable at a well from an underground reservoir, and that is liquid at the conditions under which its volume is measured or estimated; includes all other so recovered or recoverable except raw gas, condensate, or crude oil.

Custom Treating Plant A system or arrangement of tanks and other surface equipment receiving oil/water emulsion exclusively by truck for separation prior to delivery to market or prior to other disposition.

Dead Oil Oil containing mainly pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons and is in a stabilized (degassed) form at atmospheric conditions. Dead oil may be at the wellhead or battery/facility.

Dead Oil Meters Dead oil meters are typically those used for delivery point or custody transfer point measurement of hydrocarbon liquids that has been degassed to ambient conditions.

Dehydrator Equipment used to remove water from the natural gas.

Delivery Point The point at which the delivery of oil or gas production from a battery / facility is measured. The volumes determined at this point are typically used in royalty calculations (royalty trigger points), such as sales, cross border, gas plant to battery/facility, or gas plant to gas plant meters.

Delivery Point Measurement The level of uncertainty and type of measurement required at a delivery point.

Dew Point The temperature at any given pressure at which liquid initially condenses from a gas or vapour. It is specifically applied to the temperature at which water vapour starts to condense from a gas mixture (water dew points) or at which hydrocarbons start to condense (hydrocarbon dew point). (Source AGA Definitions).

Digital (Smart) Transmitter A transmitter with a microprocessor that is used for digital signal processing and calculation purposes. The calculations apply factory characterization of the sensor calibration and dynamic compensation for other process and environmental effects to the sensor output.

Dilution Gas Typically, fuel gas used to provide adequate fuel for incineration or flaring of acid gas. gas is used to maintain a minimum heating value of the flared or incinerated gas, which must report Fuel Gas.

Page: 52 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Disqualifying Criteria Criteria that to an exception or exemption being revoked.

Dry Gas Natural gas without free liquid as per contract conditions. It consists of little more than methane, producing little condensable heavier hydrocarbon compounds such as propane and butane when brought to the surface.

Effluent Correction Factor (ECF) A factor determined from periodic tests conducted at each well whereby a test separator is connected downstream of the effluent meter and the volumes measured by the test separator are compared to the volume measured by the effluent meter.

Electronic Flow Measurement (EFM) Any flow measurement and related system that collects data and performs flow calculations electronically.

Emulsion A combination of two immiscible liquids, or liquids that do not mix together under normal conditions

End Device The tertiary device or equipment that records the various values used to calculate a gas volume. In the case of electronic flow measurement, the end device may also perform the calculations necessary to arrive at the measured gas volume.

Enhanced Recovery The increased recovery from a pool achieved by artificial means or by the application of energy extrinsic to the pool; such artificial means or application includes pressuring, cycling, pressure maintenance, or injection to the pool of a substance or form of energy but does not include the injection in a well of a substance or form of energy for the sole purpose of aiding in the lifting of fluids in the well, or stimulating the reservoir at or near the well by mechanical, chemical, thermal, or means.

Equilibrium Vapour Pressure (EVP) The pressure at which a liquid and its vapour are in equilibrium at a given temperature. When a hydrocarbon liquid has an EVP above the standard pressure (101.325kPa at 15°C), the EVP at 15°C is the pressure base.

Error The difference between true and observed values.

Error (random) An error that varies in a unpredictable manner when a large number of measurements of the same variable are made under effectively identical conditions.

Error (spurious) A gross error in procedure for example, human errors or machine malfunctions.

Error (systematic) An error that in the course of a number of measurements made under the same conditions on material having the same true value of a variable either remains

Page: 53 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA constant in absolute value and sign or varies in a predictable manner. Systematic errors result in a bias.

Estimate The approximation of a value based on documented and traceable methodologies, calculation, based on adequate knowledge of applicable facility processes, metering technology, measurement principles and hydrocarbon and water physical properties.

Ethane In addition to its normal scientific meaning, a mixture mainly of ethane that ordinarily may contain some methane or propane.

Exception Circumstances under which if specific criteria are met or approval is granted, measurement devices or procedures are allowed to deviate within specified limits from base measurement requirements.

Exemption If an exemption is requested from regulatory requirements, an exemption request may be requested at the time of application and include: - Specific regulatory provision requiring an exemption. - Rationale for exemption (explanation of why an exemption is required). - Proposed plan showing mitigation strategies to reduce impacts. If exemptions are approved prior to the application, this approval must be attached to the application.

Facility / Battery A gas processing plant, production battery/facility, or any other surface equipment deemed to be a battery/facility by an authorized Commission employee.

Field Data Capture System A system collects well and facility data about production activities including: Meter readings and estimates, production and test hours, calculated proration factors and metering differences, pressure and temperature readings, downtime hours and reasons.

Flare Gas Any waste gas stream that is burnt or incinerated. For reporting purposes in BC it also includes purge and pilot gas used to operate a flare system.

Flowmeter Primary Device The device mounted internally or externally to the fluid conduit which produces a signal with a defined relationship to the fluid flow in accordance with known physical laws relating the interaction of the fluid to the presence of the primary device. The primary device may consist of one or more elements necessary to produce the primary device signal.

Flowmeter Secondary Device The device that responds to the signal from the primary device and converts it to a display or to an output signal that can be translated relative to flow rate or quantity.

Page: 54 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Functionality Test Refers to procedures or operations performed to metering equipment where there is no effective means of verifying the equipment using conventional techniques.

Gas Raw gas or marketable gas or any constituent of raw gas, condensate, or crude oil that is recovered in processing and that is gaseous at the conditions under which its volume is measured or estimated.

Gas Battery / Facility A system or arrangement of surface equipment receiving the effluent from one or more gas wells that might provide compression, separation, dehydration, dew point control, or other gas handling functions prior to the delivery to market or prior to other disposition; does not include gas processing equipment.

Gas Chromatograph An analytical instrument that separates a gas sample into its components and then measures the amount of each separated component. This information is used to determine for calculating energy content, relative density (specific gravity), and other related parameters.

Gas Equivalent Factor (GEF) A factor based on the composition of a hydrocarbon liquid mixture that is used to convert the same hydrocarbon liquid mixture to its equivalent gas volume. This factor is mixture dependent and not a constant for all mixtures. Referenced in e3m3/m3.

Gas Equivalent Volume (GEV) The gas volume equivalent determined from the physical properties of liquid at standard conditions. The volume of gas (e3m3) that would result from converting 1m3 of liquid into a gas by applying a GEF to the liquid volume.

Gas Fractionation Plant An arrangement of equipment to reprocess an Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) inlet into one or more in-stream components.

Gas Gathering System A battery/facility consisting of pipelines used to move gas production from oil batteries, gas batteries, and/or other facilities to another battery/facility (usually a gas plant); may include compressors, line heaters, dehydrators, and other equipment.

Gas-in-Solution (GIS) Gas dissolved in an oil volume under pressure.

Gas Processing Plant (Gas Plant) A facility for the extraction from natural gas of hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, helium, ethane, natural gas liquids, or other substances, but does not include a production battery/facility that: (a) uses, for the exclusive purpose of processing low-volume fuel gas; (i) a regenerative system for the removal of hydrogen sulphide or carbon dioxide and emits less than 2 tonnes / day of sulphur, or; (ii) a liquid extraction process such as refrigeration to extract hydrocarbon liquids from

Page: 55 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA a gas stream, or; (b) uses a non-regenerative system for the removal of hydrogen sulphide or carbon dioxide.

Gas Well A well in which casing is run and that, in the opinion of the Commission, is producing or is capable of producing from a natural gas bearing zone.

Good Production Practice (GPP) Production of crude oil or raw gas at a rate not governed by a base allowable, but limited to what can be produced without adversely and significantly affecting conservation, the prevention of waste, or the opportunity of each owner in the pool to obtain his share of production.

Group Oil Oil that is grouped and measured at a battery/facility where test oil is produced to, unless at a single well battery/facility where group oil and test oil are one in the same. Group oil represents the total volume of oil.

Heavy Oil Crude oil having a density of 920kg/m3 or greater at 15°C.

High Vapour Pressure Liquids Fluids extracted from raw gas that has been processed at a gas battery / facility, such as ethane, propane, butane, NGL, and in some cases pentanes plus.

Hydrocarbon Liquid A fluid in the liquid state that may consist of one or more of the following: oil, bitumen, condensate, ethane, propane, butane, pentane plus, or other heavier hydrocarbon compounds.

Initial Qualifying Criteria Criteria that must be met to qualify for an exception, testing frequency reduction, or exemption. If the initial qualifying criteria have been met and the exception, reduction, or exemption is implemented, it may remain in place indefinitely, as long as the wells do not meet any of the disqualifying criteria and there are no physical additions to the battery/facility (e.g., new wells or zones). If additions or changes are made to the battery/facility, the initial qualifying criteria must be met for all the wells or zones added to the battery/facility for the exception, reduction, or exemption to remain in place.

Injection / Disposal Facility A system or arrangement of surface equipment associated with the injection or disposal of any substance through one or more wells.

Innage Gauge The depth of liquid in a tank as measured from the surface of the liquid to the tank bottom or to a fixed datum plate.

K-Factor A term in pulses per unit volume determined during a factory or field proving. The number of pulses generated by a linear meter divided by the k-factor will determine the indicated volume.

Lease Automatic Custody transfer (LACT) An arrangement of equipment that measures the net volume and quality of liquid hydrocarbons. This system provides for the automatic measurement, Page: 56 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA sampling, and transfer of oil from the lease location into a pipeline. A system of this type is applicable where larger volumes of oil are being produced and must have a pipeline available in which to connect.

Linearity The ideal accuracy curve of a volume meter is a straight line denoting a constant meter factor. Meter linearity is expressed as the total range of deviation of the accuracy curve from such a straight line between the minimum and maximum recommended flow rates.

Liquid-Gas Ratio (LGR) A ratio calculated by dividing the total water and/or condensate test volumes by the measured test gas volume.

Live Oil Oil containing mainly pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons that may also contain lighter hydrocarbons, and is not in a stabilized form. Live oil is commonly measured at the wellhead or battery/facility.

Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) LPG consists primarily of propane (C3) and butane (C4) in a mixture or essentially pure form, with minor components ranging from ethane (C2) to normal (C6). It is produced either as a by-product of natural gas processing or during refining and processing operations.

Maintenance Maintenance is any process of conducting a calibration, verification, diagnostic, proving, internal inspection or repair to a meter to ensure it is operating in the correct manner to meet the expected uncertainty requirements.

Master Meter A meter of known accuracy that is connected in series with another meter for the purpose of checking the accuracy of that meter and providing a meter factor.

Maximum Uncertainty of Monthly Volume Relates to the limits applicable to equipment and/or procedures used to determine the total monthly volume.

Mean A value in the middle of two extremes (the two values farthest apart in a group of values).

Measured Gas Source(s) Single-phase measured gas source(s) downstream of separation and removal of liquids; also includes the gas equivalent volume (GEV) of measured condensate if the condensate is recombined after measurement with the gas downstream of the separator.

Measured Oil Oil measured using equipment and/or procedures meeting delivery point measurement requirements and/or uncertainty limits. For emulsion, the delivery point measurement uncertainty limits apply to the total volume determination only.

Measurement A method, process, or procedure, for determining a value for a physical variable. Page: 57 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Measurement by Difference Any situation where an unmeasured volume is determined by taking the difference between two or more measured volumes.

Measuring Standard A device used in calibration or proving that has a known value traceable to national reference standards maintained by the National Research Council in Ottawa, Ontario.

Meter Element A meter element refers to any device associated with the meter (e.g., a differential, static, or temperature-sensing element, chart recorder pen, or electronic transmitters). There are three types of meter elements: 1) primary – the internal components of the meter and associated meter tube that establishes the flow variables (e.g. orifice, meter plate, shedder bar, Venturi, etc.). 2) secondary – the part of the meter that senses and records the flow variables, (e.g. chart recorded or transmitter). 3) tertiary – flow computer that calculates the flow and volume.

Meter Factor A dimensionless number used to correct indicated meter volumes to adjusted volumes if the two volumes differ due to operational conditions (e.g., gas entrained in liquids, meter slippage, meter wear). It is not to be confused with the “K Factor,” which is used to convert the number of pulses generated by a meter into units of volume (where electronic pulse technology is the basis of the meter operation). The K Factor is typically determined by the meter manufacturer and does not take into consideration all of the specific operational conditions the meter may be subjected to

Metering Difference The volume used to balance, on a monthly basis, any difference that occurs between the measured inlet/receipt volumes and the measured outlet/disposition volumes at a battery/facility.

Methane In addition to its normal scientific meaning, a mixture mainly of methane that ordinarily may contain some ethane, nitrogen, helium, or carbon dioxide.

Multiwell Group Gas Battery / Facility Each well must have its own separation and measurement equipment, similar to a single-well battery/facility, and all wells in the battery/facility must be connected by flow line and delivered to the same battery/facility.

Multiwell Group Oil Battery / Facility Each well must have its own separation and measurement equipment, similar to a single-well battery / facility, and all equipment for the wells in the battery / facility must share a common surface location.

Natural Gas PNG defines all fluid hydrocarbons, before and after processing, that are not defined as petroleum, and includes hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, and helium produced from a well.

Page: 58 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA LNGR defines gaseous forms of hydrocarbons, principally methane, with minor amounts of ethane, butanes, pentanes, and hexanes along with non- hydrocarbon impurities such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.

Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) Ethane, propane, butanes, or pentanes plus, and any other condensates, or any combination of them, recovered from natural gas.

Non-Conservation Gas Natural gas produced from a well event other than conservation gas.

Oil A mixture mainly of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons possibly contaminated with sulphur compounds, that is recovered or is recoverable at a well from an underground reservoir, and is liquid at the conditions under which its volume is measured or estimated, and includes all other hydrocarbon mixtures so recovered or recoverable except raw gas or condensate.

Oilfield Waste A substance unwanted by the generator substance or a mixture of substances that results from the construction, operation, abandonment or reclamation of a well site, oil and gas battery/facility, gas plant, compressor station, crude , pipeline, gas gathering system or related battery/facility.

Oil Well Petroleum well (see Petroleum).

Operator The company or individual responsible for managing an exploration, development or production operation.

Outage Gauge The distance from a reference point at the top of a tank to the surface of the liquid. This “gauge” is then subtracted from the full height gauge (from the same reference point) of the tank to determine the depth of the liquid.

Pentanes Plus A mixture mainly of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, which ordinarily may contain some butanes, that is obtained from the processing of raw gas, condensate, or crude oil.

Petroleum Crude petroleum and all other hydrocarbons, regardless or gravity, that are or can be recovered in liquid form from a pool through a well by ordinary production methods or that are or can be recovered from oil sand or .

Pipeline Those items through which oil or gas industry fluids are conveyed, including pipe, components, and any appurtenances attached thereto, up to and including the isolating valves and/or pig barrels located at stations and other facilities.

Defined in OGAA.

Page: 59 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Pool An underground reservoir containing an accumulation of petroleum or natural gas, or both, separated or appearing to be separated from another reservoir or accumulation.

Primary Measurement Element A primary measurement element refers to the part of the meter that provides an indication of flow (e.g., an orifice plate, venturi, or vortex shedder bar).

Production Battery / Facility A battery/facility, oil treater, pumping station, compressor station, dehydrator, gas injection station, line heater, waste disposal facility, waste processing facility, water disposal facility, water injection station, or, on designation of an authorized Commission employee, any other system of vessels and equipment designed to accommodate production or disposal, or both production and disposal, of well effluent products and by-products, but does not include a gas processing plant.

Propane (C3H8) An organic compound found in natural gas. Reported volumes may contain some ethane or butane.

Proration An accounting procedure or system in which the total actual monthly battery/facility production is equitably distributed among the wells in the battery/facility.

Proration Battery / Facility A battery/facility for which all well production is commingled prior to the total battery/facility production volumes being separated and measured (or estimated where appropriate) as single phases. Individual monthly well production volumes are estimated based on periodic well tests and are corrected to the actual monthly volumes through the use of proration factors.

Prover A device used to collect and determine the volume of a sample of fluid that has passed through a meter. Provers typically use volumetric or gravimetric means to determine the quantity of the sample.

Prover Run The operation of a prover or master meter whereby a representative volume is sampled and measured, and that sample volume is compared to the volume indicated by a meter through which the same sample has passed to determine a meter factor.

Proving The procedures or operations whereby a prover volume is compared to an indicated meter volume (both corrected to applicable pressure and temperature conditions). The prover volume divided by the indicated meter volume yields a meter factor. The meter factor is subsequently applied to indicated meter volumes to determine the adjusted or corrected volume. If the meter is connected to an electronic readout, the meter factor may be incorporated into the software such that the indicated meter volume is already corrected to read the adjusted volume. Care should be taken in such cases not to apply the meter factor again,

Page: 60 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA in such cases the meter factor should be indicated on the tag or label as being 1.0000.

Raw Gas A mixture containing methane, other paraffinic hydrocarbons, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, helium, and minor impurities, or some of these, that is recovered or is recoverable at a well from an underground reservoir and is gaseous at the conditions under which its volume is measured or estimated.

Relative Density of Gas The ratio of the mass of the gas to the mass of an equal volume of air. It is also referred to as gas gravity or specific gravity of gas.

Representative Flow When stabilized flow is not achievable, such as for wells with systems and wells with slugging characteristics then representative flow is required for testing purposes. The test volumes of gas, condensate, or water must be representative of the well’s production capability under normal operating conditions. Wells must be tested for a minimum duration that completes multiple flow cycles to accurately determine a representative volume of gas, condensate, or water. These representative production volumes are then extrapolated to accurately reflect the wells’ production over an extended period of time.

Revocation of Exemption Criteria that leads to an exception, testing frequency reduction, or exemption being revoked and baseline requirements reinstated.

Sediments and Water (S&W) Commonly refers to settled and / or semi-solid components and water in tanks and other containment vessels. S&W was formerly referred to as BS&W (basic sediments and water).

Sales Gas (Marketable Gas) Natural gas that is available for sale for direct consumption as a domestic, commercial or industrial fuel, or as an industrial raw material, or is delivered to a storage battery/facility, whether this gas occurs naturally or results from the processing of natural gas. A mixture mainly of methane originating from raw gas, if necessary through the processing of the raw gas for the removal or partial removal of some constituents, and that meets specifications for use as a domestic, commercial, or industrial fuel or as an industrial raw material.

Satellite or Satellite Battery / Facility Surface equipment (located between a number of wells and the main battery/facility) intended to separate and measure the production from each well, after which the fluids are recombined and piped to the main battery/facility for separation/treating, measurement, and storage or delivery.

Segregate To confine each fluid in a well to its proper pool or flow channel so that it is separate from the fluid in or passing from or to any other pool.

Page: 61 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Separator An unfired apparatus specifically designed and used for separating fluids produced from a well into two or more streams; does not include a dehydrator.

Single Point Measurement Uncertainty Relates to the limits applicable to equipment and/or procedures used to determine a at a single measurement point.

Solid A substance that does not contain free liquids and is not gaseous at standard conditions.

Solution Gas Volatile hydrocarbons that are dissolved in solution with produced oil or bitumen.

Stabilized Flow Indicates a point at which flowing parameters of gas, condensate, or water are producing under normal operating conditions and represent production levels equal to the well’s normal average flow rate. Stabilized flow can only be achieved when all testing equipment associated in determining an actual volume has reached equilibrium (i.e., liquid levels in test separator, pressure and temperature stabilization to normal operating conditions).

Stock Tank Vapours The solution gas present in the oil/bitumen storage tanks that may be released from the tanks.

Synthetic Crude Oil A mixture mainly of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, which may also contain sulphur compounds, that is derived from crude bitumen and is liquid at the conditions under which its volume is measured or estimated; includes all other hydrocarbon mixtures so derived.

Tank A device designed to contain materials produced, generated, and used by the upstream that is constructed of impervious materials to provide structural support; may include such materials as concrete, plastic, fiberglass reinforced plastic, or steel.

Test Oil Oil that is measured at a test separator, treater, or test tank. Test oil is usually measured as live oil. Test oil is an estimate of a well’s production based on the test to test method.

Thief An industry term for a bottom closure, core-type sampling device used to secure samples from storage tanks.

Treater A fired apparatus specifically designed and used for separating gas and water from crude oil.

Truck Terminal A system or arrangement of tanks and other surface equipment that receives hydrocarbon liquids by truck for the purpose of delivering those liquids into a pipeline.

Page: 62 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Verification Procedures or operations that establish the accuracy of the values indicated by a measuring device as compared to the values indicated by a measuring standard without making any changes or adjustments to the measuring device.

Waste Processing and Disposal Battery / Facility A system or arrangement of tanks or other surface equipment receiving waste material for processing and disposition from any gas, oilfield, or operations.

Water to Gas Ration (WGR) A ratio calculated by dividing the total water test volumes by the measured test gas volume. Referenced in m3/e3m3.

Well Wells are an oil and gas activity as defined in the Oil and Gas Activities Act and are specifically defined in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Act. A hole in the ground, other than a water source well, that is: a) Made or being made by drilling, boring, or any other method to obtain petroleum or natural gas, b) made or being made by drilling, boring or any other method to explore for, develop or use a storage reservoir for the storage or disposal of petroleum, natural gas, water produced in relation to the production of petroleum or natural gas, waste or any other prescribed substance, c) used, drilled or being drilled to inject natural gas, water produced in relation to the production of petroleum or natural gas or other substances into an underground formation in connection with the production of petroleum or natural gas, d) used to dispose of petroleum, natural gas, water produced in relation to the production of petroleum or natural gas, waste or any other prescribed substance into a storage reservoir, or e) used, drilled or being drilled to obtain geological or geophysical information respecting petroleum or natural gas, and includes a water source well.

Well Event A unique identifier code for an interval, zone, pool, or horizon in a well. A well may be completed in multiple intervals, zones, pools, or horizons, each of which is identified as a well event.

Page: 63 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Terms Common to Pipeline Activities

Cathodic protection A technique to prevent the of a metal surface by making the surface the cathode of an electrochemical cell.

Class location A geographical area classified according to its approximate population density and other characteristics are considered when designing and operating a pipeline.

Design pressure The maximum pressure to which the pipeline and its appurtenances were designed to, including all safety factors.

Engineering assessment A documented assessment of the effect of relevant variables upon fitness for service or integrity of a pipeline system, using engineering principles, conducted by, or under the direct supervision of, a competent person with demonstrated understanding and experience in the application of the engineering and risk management principles related to the issue being assessed. Note: General requirements for engineering assessment are specified in CSA Z662.

High vapour pressure Hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures in the liquid or quasi-liquid state with a vapour pressure greater than 110 kPa absolute at 38 °C, as determined using the Reid method (see ASTM D323).

Isolating valve A valve for isolating laterals, stations, pressure-relieving installations, and other pipeline segments or facilities.

Low-pressure distribution system A pipeline system operating at less than 700kPa for the distribution of sweet natural gas. These pipelines are currently regulated by the BC Safety Authority.

Low vapour pressure Hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures in the liquid or quasi-liquid state with a vapour pressure of 110 kPa absolute or less at 38 °C, as determined using the Reid method (see ASTM D323).

Maximum operating pressure (MOP) The maximum pressure at which piping pipeline is licensed to be operated.

Miscellaneous gases Air, , carbon dioxide, ethane, helium, hydrogen, H2S, nitrogen, and steam.

Miscellaneous liquids Produced water and sulphur slurry.

Multiphase fluid Oil, gas, and water in any combination produced from one or more oil wells, or recombined oil well fluids possibly separated in passing through surface facilities.

Page: 64 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Oil well effluent Produced oil or emulsion in which the effective hydrogen sulphide partial pressure is less than 0.3kPa at the bubble.

Product The substance contained within the pipeline.

Terms Common to Roads

Following are definitions and guidance for:

1. OGAA Roads 2. AOGA Access 3. CER Road Right-of-Ways 4. CER Ancillary Access

OGAA Road Road A Road is defined as an oil and gas activity under s.1(2)(f) of the Oil and Gas Activities Act (OGAA); to be the construction or maintenance of a prescribed road. A technique to prevent the corrosion of a metal surface by making the surface the cathode of an electrochemical cell. o s.1 of the Oil and Gas Road Regulation (OGRR) further defines an oil and gas road as a road or a portion of a road prescribed under section 2. o s.2 of the Oil and Gas Road Regulation states: (1) Subject to subsection (2), the following are prescribed for the purposes of paragraph (f) of the definition of "oil and gas activity" in section 1 (2) of the Act: (a) a road or portion of a road that is constructed or maintained to facilitate the carrying out of a primary activity; (b) a road or portion of a road that was constructed before June 3, 2013 under the Land Act, the Petroleum and Natural Gas Act or the Pipeline Act and has been used to facilitate the carrying out of a primary activity. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a road that (a) has been deactivated, or (b) is required to be maintained under an enactment other than (i) this regulation, and (ii) an Act referred to in subsection (1) (b).

Page: 65 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Road permit Is a permit that includes permission to construct or maintain an oil and gas road.

Road permit holder Is a permit holder of a road permit and a person who is otherwise required to maintain an oil and gas road or was required, immediately before the coming into force of this regulation, to maintain an oil and gas road.

Road prism In relation to a road, means an area consisting of the and any cut slope, ditch and road fill.

Road right of way In relation to an oil and gas road, means: (a) the area that is shown or described in the permit as the road corridor within which the oil and gas road may be constructed or modified, or (b) if the permit does not show or describe the area within which the oil and gas road may be constructed or modified, the area 17.5 m of either side of the center line of the oil and gas road.

Roadwork area In relation to an oil and gas road, means any of the following: (a) the road right of way; (b) an area that is adjacent to the road right of way and has been used for construction, operation or maintenance of the road under a permit or authorization held by the road permit holder.

Maintain In relation to an oil and gas road, means maintain in accordance with Part 4 of the OGRR.

Modification In relation to an oil and gas road, means the widening of the running surface of the road, the realigning of a portion of the road or the reconstructing of a portion of a road, and includes the installing or replacing of a bridge or major culvert associated with the road.

Major culvert Is a culvert crossing a stream or wetland that (a) is one of the following: (i) A pipe having a diameter of 2000 mm or greater, (ii) A pipe arch having a span greater than 2130 mm, (iii) An open bottom arch having a span greater than 2130 mm, or (b) has a design discharge rate of 6 m3 per second or greater.

Page: 66 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Use of Road and the other Exemptions

Use of an oil and gas road As per Part 5 s.15.3 of the Oil and Gas Road Regulations as: (1) A permit holder must not use an oil and gas road unless the road is safe for the intended use.

(2) A permit holder must not use an oil and gas road if

(a) there is no road permit holder for the road,

(b) the road is causing damage to the environment, or

(c) the intended use will damage the road or the environment.

Exemptions Under s.28 of the Oil and Gas Road Regulation can be granted. o An official may exempt a permit holder from complying with one or more provisions of this regulation and may impose one or more conditions with respect to the exemption. Guidance A permit (either an OGAA road permit or an AOGA access permit) is NOT required if utilizing an existing road for a limited duration or one time use. This also includes well permit holders who need to access a wellsite for the purpose of abandoning the well. In addition, an OGAA road permit is NOT required when: o An oil and gas operator is not actively maintaining, or causing maintenance to be required by the use of the existing road, nor causing harm or damage to the environment with the use of the road. Exceptions to requiring a permit may also apply where roads are temporarily being maintained during winter seasons. (ie. in the case of snow plowing, a road permit may not be required, however, a s.11 WSA authorization may be required if stream crossing are identified). o An oil and gas operator is maintaining a road on private land that existed prior to January 27, 2011, as per s.118.1 OGAA.

An OGAA road permit is required for: o New roads (new construction on Crown or private land) o An existing non-status road on Crown land that is being maintained and is being used to carry out a primary oil and gas activity such as:  Maintenance to road grade beyond snow plowing.  Road being maintained and there is a permanent bridge installation or major culvert required.  Road being maintained for active production.

Page: 67 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA  Road being maintained and is a ‘mainline’ high traffic or higher speed road that needs signage / road frequency – will need to determine/investigate responsible party prior taking action seeking to assign. o A road on private land that is being maintained and existed after January 27, 2011. o An existing road that requires a modification that includes the addition of a (permanent structure) bridge and/or a major culvert  A temporary clearspan bridge is not considered a permanent structure; but an amendment to the Commission would still be required as this would be considered a change to their permit.  A formal exemption can be granted under s.28 of the OGRR by the Executive Director, Permit Adjudication or the Vice-President, Applications.

AOGA – Temporary Access

Temporary access Is a trail, shoe-fly or a means of accessing a related activity that is required during the construction of that related OGAA activity. Temporary access cannot be constructed to the standards identified within Part 3 of OGRR, otherwise the applicant should be advised to apply for an OGAA road permit.

CER Related Road Right of Way

A ‘Road’ applied for as an CER Related Road Right of Way, must be related to an CER project as per s.9 of the OGAA under a specified enactment.

Guidance Issuance of a permit is authorized under a specified enactment as defined in OGAA. Section 8 of OGAA defines the Commission’s responsibilities under specified enactments. The OGRR applies by policy.

CER Ancillary – Access

Access Means a trail, shoe-fly or a means of accessing a related activity that is required during the construction of the related CER activity.

Guidance Ancillary access is temporary. Issuance of a permit is authorized under a specified enactment as defined in s. 8 of OGAA. Page: 68 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Acronyms

AAIF Archaeology Assessment Information Form AAP Archaeology Audit Program ABA Area-based analysis ADR Appropriate Dispute Resolution AER Energy Regulator AEUB Alberta Energy and Utilities Board AIA Archaeological Impact Assessment ALC Agricultural Land Commission ALR Agricultural Land Reserve AMS Application Management System ANSI American National Standards Institute AOA Archaeological Overview Assessment AOF All Open Flow Test or Absolute Open Flow AOFP Absolute Open Flow Potential APEGBC Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of BC API American Petroleum Institute APR Petroleum Access Roads ARD Average Replacement Depth ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers AWS Acoustic Well Sounder AWSBU Acoustic Well Sounder Build-up BBL Barrel BCAA British Columbia Assessment Authority BCGS BC Geographic System BEC Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification BHL Bottom Hole Location BHT Bottom Hole Temperature

Page: 69 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA BMP Best Management Practices BOP Blowout Prevention BTU British Thermal Unit C Celsius (temperature) C&E Compliance and Enforcement CAGC Canadian Association of Geophysical Contractors CAODC Canadian Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors CAPP Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers CAS Chemical Abstracts Service CBG Coal Bed Gas CBM Coal Bed Methane CBS Closed Bottom Structure CDC British Columbia Conservation Data Centre CEA Cumulative Effects Assessment CEAA Canadian Environmental Assessment Act CER Canada Energy Regulator CERPPA Canada Energy Regulator Pipeline Provincial Authorization CIAS Changes in and About a Stream CNG Compressed Natural Gas CNR Consultation and Notification Regulation CO2 Carbon dioxide COR Certificate of Restoration CP Cutting Permit CPA Consultation Process Agreements CPSC Canadian Petroleum Safety Council CSA Canadian Standards Association CSR Contaminated Sites Regulation DDP Damage Prevention Plan DEOS Dehydrator Engineering & Operations Sheet DFO Department of Fisheries and Oceans Page: 70 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA DGA Daily Gas Allowance DLS Dominion Land Survey DPR Drilling and Production Regulation DOA Daily Oil Allowable DVI District Value Index DST Drillstem Test EAA Environmental Assessment Act (Government of Canada statute) EAO Environmental Assessment Office EAZ Emergency Awareness Zone EC Environment Canada or Electrical Conductivity ECD Equivalent Circulating Density EMA Environmental Management Act EPMR Environmental Protection and Management Regulation EPMG Environmental Protection and Management Guideline EMR Emergency Management Regulation EMS Electromagnetic Survey EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction EPZ Emergency Planning Zone ESD Emergency Shutdown systems ESDV Emergency shutdown valve FACID Facility Identification Code FEED Front End Engineering Design FLNG Floating LNG FLNRORD Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development FN First Nations FOI Freedom of Information FOIPPA Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act FPC Forest Practices Code FSR Forest Service Road FTD Final Total Depth Page: 71 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA GEP Good Engineering Practice GER Geophysical Exploration Regulation () GHG GIS Geographical Information Systems GOR Gas to Oil Ratio ha hectares (unit of area = 10,000 m2, or roughly 2.48 ac

H2S Hydrogen Sulphide HCA Heritage Conservation Act HLSD High-level shutdown HP Hydrostatic Pressure ? HWR Hazardous Waste Regulation IMP Integrity Management Programs IMS Integrity Management System INDB Industry Bulletin IOGC Indian Oil and Gas Canada IRP Industry Recommended Practice IUP Investigative Use Permit km kilometre (unit of lineal measure = 1,000 m, or roughly 0.6 miles) kPa kilopascals kW kilowatt LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging LIS Low Impact Seismic LL Liquid Level (in a reservoir) LMR Liability Management Rating LNG Liquefied Natural Gas LPG LRMP Land and Resource Management Plan LSD Legal Subdivision (one sixteenth of a section) LTO Leave to Open m metres Page: 72 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA MD Measured Depth mm millimetres MIRR Ministry of Indigenous Relations and Reconciliation MAWP Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (components, including valves and well heads) MEM Ministry of Energy and Mines MEMPR Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources MJ Megajoule MJ/m3 Megajoule per cubic metre MKMA Muskwa-Kechika Management Area MLTC Master Licence to Cut MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOE Ministry of Environment MOF Ministry of Finance MOP Maximum Operating Pressure Mol% per cent MOTI Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure MOU Memorandum of Understanding MPD Managed pressure drilling MPP Midpoint of Perforations Mtpa Millions of tonnes per annum MW Megawatt MWD-Gr Measurement While Drilling Gamma Ray NCS Notice of Construction Start NCD Non-Classified Drainages NEBC North East British Columbia NFPA National Association NGLs Natural Gas Liquids NOI Notice of Intent NPT Notice of Pressure Test NTS National Topographic Survey Page: 73 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA OGAA Oil and Gas Activities Act OGC (BC) Oil and Gas Commission OGMA Old Grown (grown or growth?) Management Areas OGRR Oil and Gas Road Regulation OGWR Oil and Gas Waste Regulation OHSReg Occupational Health and Safety Regulation PA Production Accounting PDR Petroleum Development Road PFR Preliminary Field Reconnaissance P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram PIPA Personal Information Protection Act PNG Act Petroleum and Natural Gas Act P.Eng Professional Engineer PEP Provincial Emergency Program PFD Process Flow Diagram PFR Preliminary Field reconnaissance PG Bottom Hole Pressure Gauge PGBU Bottom Hole Pressure Gauge Build-up PGFU Bottom Hole Pressure Gauge Fall-off PIT Packer Isolation Tests PPM Parts per Million PRRD Peace River Regional District PSI Preliminary Site Investigation (Environmental Management Act- Contaminated Sites Regulation) PST Pressure Survey Test PSV Pressure Safety Valve PTP Pre-Tenure Plan PVT Pressure Volume Temperature RMA Resource Management Area (sometimes refers to a Riparian Management Area) RMZ Riparian Management Zone * (this is also stated as Resource Management Zone) Page: 74 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA ROW Right of Way RPT Rapid Phase Transition RRA Riparian Reserve Area RRD Required Replacement Depth RUP Road Use Permit SMP Sand Management Plan SO2 Sulphur dioxide SRDO Summary Report of Drilling Operations SRR Spill Reporting Regulation SRW Statutory Right of Way SYD Sierra-Yoyo-Desan t/d total per day TCF Trillion Standard Cubic Feet TDS Totally Dissolved Solids TRD Treatment, Recovery & Disposal TSR Timber Supply Review TVD True Vertical Depth (of a well) UBD UDGA Unadjusted Daily Gas Allowable UDOA Unadjusted Daily Oil Allowable USMP Upper Sikanni Management Plan (see under Pre-Tenure Plan) UWI Unique Well Identifier UTM Universal Transverse Mercator UWR Ungulate Winter Range WA Well Authorization WSBC Work Safe B.C. (formerly Workers’ Compensation Board) WHA Wildlife Habitat Area WRTA Wildlife tree retention area WHMIS Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System WHP Wellhead Pressure Page: 75 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA WMA Act WTP Wildlife Tree Patch XREF Cross Reference

Page: 76 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Regulations and Legislation

All oil and gas and related activities require permits applied for and approved by the Commission. Some activities may require additional applications, approvals from other regulators or create obligations under other statutes and it is the applicants’ and permit holder’s responsibility to know and uphold all legal obligations.

BC Laws provides free public access to the current laws of British Columbia mentioned in manuals, documents, directives and other pieces produced by the Commission. Applicants and permit holders can access any of the listed Acts and Regulations listed below from the Commission website and/or www.bclaws.ca. This list includes commonly used acronyms for each.

Acts Agricultural Land Commission Act (ALCA) Environmental Management Act (EMA) Forest Act Heritage Conservation Act (HCA) Land Act Canada Energy Regulator Act (CERA) Oil and Gas Activities Act (OGAA) Petroleum and Natural Gas Act (PNG) Water Sustainability Act (WSA) Regulations Administrative Penalties Regulation Consultation and Notification Regulation (CNR) Drilling and Production Regulation (DPR) Emergency Management Regulation (EMR) Environmental Protection and Management Regulation (EPMR) Fee, Levy and Security Regulation Geophysical Exploration Regulation (GER) Hazardous Waste Regulation (HWR)

Page: 77 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA Liquefied Natural Gas Facility Regulation (LNGFR) Oil & Gas Activities Act General Regulation Oil and Gas Road Regulation (OGRR) Oil and Gas Waste Regulation (OGWR) Pipeline Crossings Regulation Pipeline Regulation Service Regulation

Page: 78 BC Oil and Gas Commission Version 1.11 published: December 2020 Uncontrolled copy once downloaded GoTo: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WXYZ | Acronyms | BCOGC.CA