.7014 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1974 MER, Mr. JOHNSON of California, Mr. HOWARD, Mr. McKAY, Mr. MANN, Mr. the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, re­ SKUBITZ, Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN, Mrs. MoAKLEY, Mr. MooR~ of Cali­ questing Congress to call a Constitutional MINK, Mr. UDALL, Mr. LUJAN, Mr. fornia, Mr. Moss, Mr. PREYER, Mr._ Convention for the purpose of proposing an EvANs of Colorado, Mr. MATHIAS of Qum, Mr. RoE, Mr. SMITH of Iowa, amendment to the Constitution of the California, Mr. PETTIS, Mr. VEYSEY, Mr. STARK, and Mr. WALDIE) : United States relating to the use of public Mr. TALCOTT, Mr. GUBSER, Mr. KAs­ H.R. 13567. A bill to amend the Internal funds for secular education; to the Com­ TENMEIER, Mr. RUPPE, Mr. O'HARA, Revenue Code of 1954 to provide that adver­ mittee on the Judiciary. Mr. MEEDS, Mr. REGULA, Mr. KAZEN, tising of alcoholic beverages is not a deducti­ 386. Also, memorial of the House of Rep­ Mr. MARTIN of North Carolina, Mr. ole expense; to the Committee on Ways and resentatives of the Commonwealth of Puerto STEPHENS, Mr. RONCALIO of Wy­ Means. Rico, relative to the establishment of a bilin­ oming, and Mr. KETCHUM) : By Mr. BOWEN: gual part of the U.S. District Court tor the H .R. 13562. A bill to designate certain H.J. Res. 940. Joint resolution to amend District of Puerto Rico; to the Committee lands in the National Park System as wil­ title 5 of the United States Code to provide on the Judiciary. derness; to the Committee on Interior and for designation of the 11th day of Novem­ 387. Also, memorial of the Legislature of Insular Affairs. ber of each year as Veterans Day; to the the State of Oklahoma, relative to lakeshore By Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina (for Committee on the Judiciary. planning policies of the Army Corps of En­ himself, Mr. HALEY, Mr. HOSMER, Mr. By Mr. SHIPLEY: gineers; to the Committee on Public Works. JoHNsoN of California, Mr. SKu­ H. Con. Res. 447. Concurrent resolution to BITZ, Mr. BINGHAM, Mr. CRONIN, Mr. express the sense of the Congress that the SEmERLING, Mr. WoN PAT, Mr. President should evaluate the commodity OWENS, Mr. DE LUGO, Mr. STEELMAN, requirements of the domestic economy to PRIVATE BilLS AND RESOLUTIONS and Mr. BAUMAN): determine which commodities should be H.R. 13563. A bill to designate certain designated as in short supply for purposes Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private lands in the National Park System as wil­ of taxation of Domestic International Sales bills and resolutions were introduced and derness; to the Committee on Interior and Corporations; to the Committee on Ways and severally referred as follows: Insular Affairs. Means. By Mr. FISHER: By Mr. UDALL: By Mr. BLATNIK: H.R. 13568. A bill to authorize the President H .R. 13564. A bill to designate certain H. Res. 987. Resolution to provide additional to appoint Cmdr. Thurman Roddy Schnitz, public lands and waters in the State of funds for the expenses of the investigation U.S. Navy Reserves, retired, to the rank of Alaska for national conservation purposes and study authorized by House Resolution captain on the Reserves list; to the Commit­ to be administered as units of the National 228; to the Committee on House Administra­ tee on Armed Services. Park System, the National Wildlife Refuge tion. By Mrs. MINK: System, National Wild and Scenic Rivers H.R. 13569. A bill for the relief of Evelyn System, and the National Forest System; to Fegi Matayoshi and Wilma Fegi Matayoshi; the Committee on Interior and Insular MEMORIALS to the Committee on the Judiciary. Affairs. Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials H.R. 13570. A bill for the relief of Phan By Mr. UDALL (for himself, Mr. RUPPE, Manh Quynh; to the Committee on the Ju­ Mr. DELLENBACK, Mr. FOLEY, Mr. were presented and referred as follows: diciary. JoHNSON of California, Mr. KASTEN­ 381. By Mr. HANSEN of Idaho: Memorial H.R. 13571. A bill for the relief of Terrence MEIER, Mr. O'HARA, Mr. VIGORITO, of the Legislature of the State of Idaho, rel­ Jarome Caguiat; to the Committee on the Mr. MELCHER, Mr. RONCALIO of Wyo­ ative to the Occupational Safety and Health Judiciary. ming, Mr. BINGHAM, Mr. SEmER­ Act of 1970; to the Committee on Education H.R. 13572. A bill for the relief of William LING, Mrs. BURKE of California, Mr. and Labor. M. Raisner; to the Committee on the OWENS, Mr. DE LUGO, Mr. SEBELIUS, 382. Also, memorial of the Legislature of Judiciary. Mr. STEELMAN, Mr. MARTIN of the State of Idaho, urging the Secretary of By Mr. RANGEL: North Carolina, and Mr. CRONIN): Transportation and the National Rail Pas­ H.R. 13573. A bill for the relief of Resan H.R. 13565. A bill to establish a national senger Corporation to insure that the peo­ Ocot; to the Committee on the Judiciary. program for research and development in ple of the State of Idaho shall have passen­ nonnuclear energy sources; to the Committee ger service on an east-west basis; to the on Interior and Insular Affairs. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ By Mr. ZABLOCKI: merce. PETITIONS, ETC. H.R. 13566. A bill to amend title 39, United 383. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the States Code, to eliminate certain restrictions House of Representatives of the State of Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions on the rights of officers and employees of the Oklahoma, relative to repeal of the National and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk U.S. Postal Service, and for other purposes; Occupational Safety and Health Act; to the and referred as follows: to the Committee on Post Office and Ci vii Committee on Education and Labor. 405. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Leg­ Service. 384. Also, memorial of the Legislature of islature of Erie County, N.Y., relative to pub­ · By Mr. BROWN of California (for him- the State of Wisconsin, relative to continua­ lic transit operating assistance; to the Com­ self, Mr. BLACKBURN, Mr. BUCHANAN, tion of the Lake Michigan ferry service be­ mittee on Banking and Currency. Mrs. BURKE of California, Mr. DEL tween Manitowoc and Kewaunee, Wis., and 406. Also, petition of the Utah State Bar CLAWSON, Mr. EDWARDS of California, Frankfort, Mich.; to the Committee on In­ Association, Ogden, Utah, relative to the serv­ Mrs. GREEN of Oregon, Mr. HANNA, terstate and Foreign Commerce. ice of chief judges of U.S. district courts; Mr. HEcHLER of west Virginia, Mr. 385. Also, memorial of the Legislature of to the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS PATRIOTISM CAN BE REVIVED­ They need to know the cost of having Old each other, the products, exports and in­ EVEN NOW Glory flying in the breeze. dustries of most of the nations of the world. PATRIOTISM CAN BE REVIVED-EvEN Now He could tell with pride about the struggles of the Pilgrims and other immigrants who The United States hasn't been in such a spot for many a year. This would be an ex­ braved the many dangers of the new world to find freedom from oppression. He could HON. JOHN M. ZWACH cellent time to reactivate the wonderful feel­ OF MINNESOTA tell with gratitude about the efforts of early ing of patriotism, particularly among the statesmen who worked very hard to make IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES young children. Time was when no day was America proud and beautiful-an example Monday, March 18, 1974 begun without the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag which schoolchildren knew from the to other countries. Because of the abundance of materials and Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, I read an time they entered the classroom. technology, we have been the class of people uncommonly good and very timely edi­ To those who have lived through a few to help all others. However, in our charity wars, the remembrance of the feeling of torial in the Heron Lake News, which for others and being a benign Santa Claus pride in being an American that was expe­ I insert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SO we have neglected to remember that charity rienced as the flag passed in review was some­ begins at home. As a result, the people of that all the Members of Congress may thing great. The military parades, military have the opportunity of reading it. the United States are faced with shortages funerals and Memorial Day services were which should never have occurred. I particularly commend the closing something to remember. Every student could Because of the many scandals which have paragraph: tell you all of the causes and effects of every put doubts in the minds of many, thoughts Maybe a little more love of country and war from the Revolutionary War on down of patriotism have moved to the background combined efforts to teach the youngsters to the present time by the time he gradu­ as people are more concerned about self­ what their country really means, may pave ated from the eighth grade. He could also preservation. During World War II, it was the road for the next generation somewhat. tell you what countries were adjacent to an honor to sacrifice for your country. No March 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7015 one minded not having meat on the table We cannot allow a youngster to die for LINCOLN DAY REMARKS if it was being used to bolster the strength lack of money when we have the medical and health of our servicemen. Housewives knowledge and technology to save his did not mind using substitutes for sugar and coffee, and children wore their scuffed shoes life. We could make a normal life possi­ HON. GEORGE A. GOODLING a little longer because they were rationed. ble for him, if we had enough money to OF PENNSYLVANIA provide him with preventive blood trans­ Gas was conserved because it was being used IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to fly supplies to the forces who were fight­ fusions. ing a war. Nylons and cigarettes were in short In Rochester, we have one of the few Monday, March 18, 1974 supply, but people stood patiently in line completely staffed and equipped hemo­ Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, some­ for a quota when word was passed around philia centers. A Community Chest one has said there is nothing new under that some would be available. No sacrifice agency, it has been able to add outreach was too great for the GI's who were defend­ the sun. persons to its staff, bringing many pa­ A recent event in Gettysburg proved ing their country. tients into the center for diagnosis and Times have changed, to use an old cliche, that statement to be in error so far as and shortages exist now because of greed. treatment. A private physician is in that area is concerned. Maybe a. little more love of country and com­ charge of the ongoing care of the patient, For many years, the Adams County bined efforts to teach the youngsters what but the facilities and consulting staff at Council of Republican Women have their country really means may pave the the center, which serves a 12-county commemorated the birthday of Lincoln road for the next generation somewhat. They area, are always available to him. This with appropriate exercises. For the first need to know the cost of having Old Glory is doubly important when the patient time in the long history of this affair, a flying in the breeze. cannot afford to private physician. lady was the speaker of the evening. As the hemophiliac grows older, the Miss Georgiana Sheldon, Deputy Di­ disease causes various bone and dental rector, Defense Civil Preparedness Agen­ problems. For this reason, the Hemo­ cy, broke that tradition. She delivered an LEGISLATION TO HELP HEMO­ philia Center in Rochester provides or­ PHILIA PATIENTS excellent speech in which she touched on thopedic treatment and rehabilitation in some of the lesser known facts concern­ the center, which is located in the Roch­ ing Lincoln. She also spoke of the in­ ester General Hospital; it coordinates creasing role women are playing in pol­ HON. FRANK HORTON education in dental care with dental icymaking positions in practically every OF NEW YORK treatment supplied by and in the East­ phase in business, government and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES man Dental Center. Psychiatric services professions. Monday, March 18, 1974 help families to accept the child, and The local press used these words in cope with the strains on the family gen­ commenting on her talk: Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, I am to­ erated by lifelong illness and staggering day introducing legislation, together The women liked Georgiana Sheldon for costs. speaking out on the importance of woman's with Congressman JAMES HASTINGS, to Our center has a comprehensive co­ role in shaping and preserving the moral provide aid to families whose costs for agulation laboratory which provides fiber of the nation. The men liked her be­ treatment of hemophilia far outstrip blood analysis and a variety of services cause she is pretrty, feminine and soft­ their ability to pay. related to coagulation not only to hemo­ spoken. Hemophilia is the inherited blood philia patients and their physicians, but The speech follows: to any physician who requests their aid disease which causes a male child to LINCOLN DAY REMARKS, GETTYSBURG, PA., bleed uncontrollably unless injected in evaluation of any patient. The coagu­ FEBRUARY 14, 1974 with that factor of blood plasma in lation laboratory is licensed by the State It's indeed an honor to celebrate the birth­ which his blood is deficient. At first, all of New York, and is directed by a full­ date of Abraham Lincoln in the place he has hemophilia victims were treated with time hematologist. In 1973 it served 970 enshrined in history of the human spirit. · transfusions of whole blood; then, as patients. The Gettysburg Address is a. tough act to more was known about the disease, with When a center is as comprehensive as follow. blood plasma. Today doctors can identify this one, it can-and the Rochester He­ Nothing can nor need be added to what different types of hemophilia, and can mophilia Center does-function as a Abraham Lincoln said here; and there is lit­ tle to be added to what we know today about therefore supply each patient with just teaching and demonstration institution. Lincoln the man and the President. that part of plasma useful to prevent or Medical technologists, medical and den­ Everyone knows that Honest Abe's solemn stop his bleeding. This advance is in­ tal students from the University of exterior hid a. tremendous sense of humor. valuable because it permits other parts Rochester, and nursing students, rotate Everyone has his favorite sample of it. Mine of the plasma to be used for other pa­ through the center, learning in formal is the story they tell about his famous de­ tients, and other diseases. Blood factor classes and working in the laboratory. bates with Stephen Douglas. VITI, the coagulating factor, can now be In this way the benefits of its research Douglas concluded one speech with a sharp attack on Lincoln's career up to that point. separated from human plasma by a and methods extend beyond the vast re­ He said Lincoln had tried everything and process called cryoprecipitation. Other gion it directly serves. had always been a failure. He'd tried farm­ factors can also be separated. Mr. Speaker, we need more centers, ing and failed at that; tried flatboating and Unfortunately, treatment for hemo­ and, in some established centers, more failed at that; sold liquor in a. saloon and philiac patients has not been widely complete facilities a.nd services. The leg­ failed at that; tried law and failed at that; available, principally because of money. islation I am introducing is identical to and now he had gone into politics and was s. 1326, authored by Senator HARRISON A. doomed to the worst failure of all. Costs of replacement therapy are in­ Lincoln simply sat there and laughed. He creased because blood banks often do not WILLIAMS of New Jersey. It will provide seemed greatly amused by it. fractionate or cryoprecipitate, or do not for payments in whole or in part--de­ At length he rose to reply. He came for­ have the needed blood on hand. Many pending upon income and third-party ward and said he was very much obliged to would have to purchase commercial assumptions for portions of the cost-to Judge Douglas for the accurate history he'd forms of factor VITI. Some advances the hemophiliac or his family for as long taken the trouble to compile. It was true, have been made to reduce the cost: as he needs treatments. It will establish every word of it. other hemophilia centers across the Na­ "I have," said Lincoln, "worked on a. farm; Some patients can self-administer the I have split rails; I have worked on a. flat­ clotting factor at home, and happily, the tion, and blood fractionation facilities­ boat; I have tried to practice law. There supply of factor VIII is somewhat more which may be incorporated within the is just one thing that Judge Douglas forgot plentiful now. Thus, the earlier cost of treatment centers or at different labora­ to relate: He says I sold liquor over the coun­ replacement therapy could run to $25,- tory sites. It will establish a Hemophilia ter. He forgot to tell you that, while I was 000; today the average cost amounts to Advisory Board to be associated with the on one side of the counter, he was always on about $6,000 a year for a moderately National Institutes of Health. the other. Mr. Speaker, I would hope that my "The difference between us now is this: I affected patient, and far more for the have left my side of the counter, but Judge severely affected person. But, Mr. colleagues, in reviewing patient needs, Douglas still sticks to his as tena.

CHART I.-TOTAL DOD MANPOWER COSTS !Dollars in billions)

Fiscal year 1964 Fiscal year 1967 Fiscal year 1973 Fiscal year 1974 Fiscal year 1975 Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Percent

Miliary personnel appropriations______12.3 24 19.1 25 22.1 28 22.6 26 22.9 25 Civilian compensation______7. 3 14 10.3 14 13.0 16 13.8 16 14.1 16 Re~erve and Guard personnel appropriations______• 7 ~ i r ~ l· ~ ~ ~- ~ ~ 1. 7 2 5. 7 6 ~~~ti~~~;liiiin!c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::=------~~~------~------: ____ :_: ______~------2.2 2 Personnet support costs------2. 4 5 3. 9 5 4. 6 6 5. 2 6 5.9 6 Total manpower costs ______23.9 47 36.3 48 45.7 57 48.5 56 52.5 57 7018 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1974 Here total manpower costs are divided into Two important inferences can be drawn This item consists of the total annual cost six categories: :from Chart II. One is that the first two items of the November 1971 pay raise for lower ( 1) Military personnel appropriations on the chart, private industry wage match­ grade military personnel. The chief purpose which consist primarly of military pay. ing and catch-up comparability, consist of of this increase in compensation was to raise (2) Civilian compensation. the portion of increased pay costs due to the the pay of lower ranking military personnel (3) Reserve and Guard personnel appro­ comparability effort. It can be seen that the to a level which was more comparable to pr iations. comparability process is responsible for al­ civilian sector pay levels. It is important to (4) Retired pay. most 95% of the increased military pay costs emphasize that the principle of keeping ( 5) A contingency fund representing ex­ and about 60% of the increased civilian pay military wages roughly comparable to civil­ pected increases in military and civilian pay costs over the past ten years. Certainly, it is ian wages was operative long before the de­ levels. hard to argue that these increased expendi­ cision to abandon the draft. The November (6) Personnel support costs which include tures represent poor or inemcient manage­ 1971 pay increase, by eliminating the large Defense family housing, individual training, ment of manpower resources. The second pay inequities for lower grade military per­ medical support, and other programs. point is that grade creep, an area for which sonnel, can logically be viewed as an action we have often been criticized, represents only taken primarily to achieve pay comparabil­ Chart I reveals that total manpower costs 5-10% of the total increase in pay costs. have increased from their FY level of $23.9 ity. An additional effect was to help in mak­ billion. which represented 47% of the total On close examination, this first AVF cost ing the All-Volunteer Force a workable case does not seem reasonable. First of all, concept. Defense budget, to the current FY level of what do civilian costs, retired costs, or most '$48.5 billion, representing 56% of the total The Gates Commission recognized that Defense budget. However, it is not sufficient support costs have to do with the All-Volun­ their recommendations for greater pay and to look only at these statistics and draw final teer Force effort. Second, even in the mili­ benefits for military personnel should be im­ tary pay cost category, certainly not all costs plemented even if conscription were con­ conclusions such as: manpower costs have in­ are related to the decision to end the draft. creased too rapidly, or manpower costs are tinued. They stated: too high or represent too high a percent of The second AVF cost case considers from "Because conscription has been used to the total Defense budget. an historical perspective what new programs provide raw recruits, the pay of men entering were created or old programs expanded be­ the Services has been kept at a very low In order to clarify this issue, I have ana­ cause reliance on the draft came to an end. level. ... Regardless of the fate of the draft, lyzed the economic causes of increased DOD Project Volunteer is the special budget cate­ the Commission strongly recommends elimi­ pay costs, both military and civilian, over the gory created to track this effort. The use of nation of this discrimination against first last ten years. A summary of my findings is the funds for Project Volunteer began in FY termers." presented in Chart II. 1972 and represented funds set aside for pro­ Cost case 3 assumes that the cost of the CHART 11.-RELATIVE IMPACT OF EACH ECONOMIC FACTOR grams or initiatives the Secretary of Defense 1971 pay raise should be attributed to the approved to assist in rapidly reducing reliance pay comparability process and not the All­ IN INCREASING PAY COSTS, 1964 TO 1973 on the draft. Chart III presents the Project Volunteer Force. Although the AVF effort Volunteer budget for FY 1974. certainly provided the needed political pres­ Civilian cost Military cost CHART III.-Project Volunteer (FY 74). sure for passage of the 1971 pay raise, it increases 1 increases 2 (in millions) seems highly likely that even if the draft Cost Cost had continued to operate, equity considera­ (bil- (bil- Items tions alone would have eventually led to the lions) Percent lions) Percent Administrative Programs ___ _ $432.2 passage of this pay increase. It is especially Recruiting (Active)------­ 117.4 interesting to note that F. Edward Hebert 51.7 Private industry Advertising (Active)------­ Chairman of the House Armed Services Com­ wage matching_ __ _ $2.0 56.6 $6.4 55.2 Recruiting & Advertising (Reserve) 36.0 mittee, who opposes the All-Volunteer Force, Catch-up Travel Entitlements ______59.5 was the single most important supporter of ~mparability ______. 2 4.6 4.5 39.0 Quarters Improvements ______5. 1 the 1971 pay raise. labor force changes ___ 1.0 28.4 -3.3 ------Education Programs ______52.6 Grade distribution By substracting from the $3 billion cost changes ______.4 10.4 .7 5.8 Special AVF Initiatives ______109.9 of Project Volunteer, the annual cost of the Enacted Legislation ______2,522.6 TotaL ______1971 pay increase and with several other 3.6 100.0 8.3 100.0 minor adjustments, the annual cost of the Bonuses ------66.4 All-Volunteer Force can be said to be $733.6 1 Only includes the basic pay of general _s~hedule employ~es. Combat Arms ______million. From an historical perspective, I 2 Includes the cost increase of regular mtlltary compensatton. (62. 9) feel that this is the best estimate of the cost Nuclear Enlisted ______(3.5) of the All-Volunteer Force. Here, the increase in mill tary pay costs 73.8 of $8.3 billion over the past ten years was Scholarships ------However, none of these previous cost esti­ ---- mates cover the most relevant cost from a calculated by deriving the change in Regular (35. 8) Military Compensation, which consists of ROTC (and subsistence)------decision framework, that is the opportunity Health Profession ______(38.0) cost of the All-Volunteer Force. This oppor­ basic pay, food allowances, housing allow­ Special Pay (Optometrists)------­ 4.7 ance and tax advantages. This figure of $8.3 tunity cost can be represented by the an­ Recruiter Out-of-Pocket Expenses_ 4.9 nual budget savings which would occur if billi~n tr.acks rather closely with the in­ Basic Pay and Allowances ______2,376.8 creased cost in Military Personnel Appropria­ we returned to the draft. I feel that this final Armed Forces Enlisted Per­ cost case, the opportunity cost of the All­ tions in Chart I. The increase in civilian pay sonnel Bonus Revision Act• 77.8 costs of $3.6. billion over the past ten years Volunteer Force, is the most relevant and includes only the basic pay increases :f.or most interesting cost case. Chart IV presents General Schedule civilian employees, and Total ------3, 032. 6 the Project Volunteer programs which could Percent of FY 74 DOD Budget____ 4. 0 be reduced if the draft were reinstituted. this represents only about one half of ~he increased cost in total civilian compensat10n *This represents a projected FY 75 annual CHART IV.-Project Volunteer Cost Decreases presented in Chart I, with the remainder cost. Under a Return to the Draft largely consisting of the pay of Wage Board (In millions) employees. Project Volunteer consists of administra­ Decreased Annual There are four variables which infiuence tive programs, enacted legislative programs, Action: DOD Costs and the Armed Forces Enlisted Personnel DOD pay costs. First is private industry w~e Eliminate Health Profession Scholar­ matching which is the annual comparability Bonus Revision Act; the latter consisting of authorizations requested from Congress to ships------$38. o process of matching military and civilian Reduce ROTC Scholarships to Pre- wage increases to those in corresponding oc­ pay enlistment and reenlistment bonuses in AVF LeveL______4. 2 critical skills. I do not think it would be cupations in the private sector. Second, is Eliminate Special Pay for Optome- catch-up comparability which occurred be­ helpful or interesting to go into the details of these Project Volunteer programs. How­ trists ------0. 7 cause in FY 1964 civilian and military wage Reduce Active Duty Recruiting Ex- levels were not comparable to wage levels ever, there are several points about this chart worth emphasizing. First, notice that the penditures ------131. 1 in the private sector and thus some special Reduce Active Duty Advertising Ex- wage increases were necessary to . achieve total cost of Project Volunteer programs is comparability. Third are changes m labor about $3 billion which is the figure most of penditures ------45.6 force size.. Since FY 1964 military forces h.ave you are probably familiar with as the an­ Total Annual Savings ______305. 7 been reduced 14% which in turn has caused nual cost of the All-Volunteer Force. Second, pay costs to decrease, wherea.s the. General it is interesting to note that enacted legisla­ This amount of potential savings, $350.7 Schedule civilian labor force has Increased tion programs account for more than 80% million.. which is mostly reductions in re­ by 13% over this period causing pay costs of the total Project Volunteer cost. Finally, cruiting .and adv.ertising pr-ograms, may seem to increase. Finally, there are grade distribu­ one single program in Pr-oject Volunteer, intuitively low, but one crucial assumption tion changes which include the effect known basic pa_y and allowances, accounts for al­ is in operation here. The assumption is that as grade creep. most 80% of the total Project Volunteer cost. pay comparability levels would cont inue for March- 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7019 all military personnel. Thls is a reasonable All-Voluteer Force is bankrupting the De­ Fred saved me once, too. . It was the day assumption given the political infeasibllity fense Department seems almost Ironic 1n ret­ they integrated Veterans State Park in that of reducing pay levels once comparabllity rospect. Perhaps it is the draft, not the All­ same part of Georgia. After the civil rights levels have been established as the norm. Volunteer Force, that we cannut afford. people left I made the mistake of staying too Without the possibility of reducing pay ex­ long, and I was soon encircled by a number penditures, only a few, relatively low cost of white nasties. Fred catne up in time to programs, could be reduced in a return to hear a local Alley-Oop announce. "We're tne draft. FRED MILLER: A GEORGIA GIANT gonna git yuuuu." Fred looked back at him However, Chart IV does not tell the entire and stuck a hand inside his coat jacket be­ story because by returning to the draft there IN PEACEFUL TRANSITION fore replying. "Well, six of you am't." would also be large cost increases whi-ch must If Fred ever carried a gun in those days be included in the calculati-on of the oppor­ we never saw it, but Georgia produoes fight­ tunity cost. This is a crucial point which BON. ANDREW YOUNG ing men and Fred enlisted in the Army in many AVF critics have missed. 19 a.nd 40, as he would say it, to wln a bat­ During the high draft years (FY 1966 to OF GEORGIA tlefield commission, two Bronze Stars, two FY 1969), each military accession contribut­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Silver Stars. the Distinguished Service Cross ed an average of 3.0 trained man-years. To­ Mnnday, March 18, 1.974 and two Purple Hearts. "They ~me the day, and over the next several years (FY others, but those two Purple Hearts I won." 1973 to FY 1976), each accession will con­ Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker Fred came home to Georgia where he grew tribute an average of 3.7 trained man-years. in today~ Washington Post, Nichol~ a few peaches, coached football at Gordon This represents a 23 % increase in manpower von Hoffman has written a perceptive Military College and, in the 11}50s, integrated utilization. This increase in productive man­ the 4th VFW District wh-ere he was the com­ years per accession is a result of the inter­ appreciation of a little-known man who has made a major contribution the mander. How he did you can't understand i! action of three variables. First, the distrbu­ to you d.on't know FreeL He is the ideal South­ tion of initial terms of service have changed cause of human rights and dignity in erner, strong in war. gentle in peace, humor­ within each Military Service. During the high the South. ous, inviting and never, never pushy. draft years, two-year terms of service domi­ Fred Milller is, indeed, "a Georgia When asked why he went into this work nated the accession picture, whereas, over giant in peaceful transition." Many times which took him to the Pettus Bridge at recent years, three-year, ~our-year, and six­ I was privileged to view his quiet ef­ Selma and the Memphis motel room five min­ year terms of service have become increasing­ fective work and to enjoy bis abiding utes after Dr. King's murder, Fred doesn't ly more common. Second, Service loss rates give a big speech. ''Knowing the situation in have decreased with the introduction of the friendship. I submit this richly deserved tribute our area of the country.. I ~elt like I'd be AVF. Especially important are first-term re­ or some help in keepin~ down Violence. I cer­ enlistment rates which have increased sub­ to Fred Miller for the RECORD: tainly didn't go into it as 11. me -out. the effect of thxee variables: longer initial Fred, of course, knew that no matter where he went in Georgia., Alabama or Mississippi this Georgia giant, this white .man, this son terms of service. lower loss rates, and pro­ of the South, a singing voice of angry justice portionately fewer Army accessions. These be looked like he came from just down the !'oad, and, as h.e said, "It was -on-e of the in a summer street, and inside they were too first two f"11.Ctol'S are clearly AVF-related sav­ ashamed to come. Ings .areas. llowev.er, I feel that the lower things in my favor. I could use it to get to proportion .of accessions entering the Army the people. I would let it ride and wouldn't is primarily xelated to the end of the Viet­ try to stop it until the right time and all." nam War and not to the introduetion of the It wasn't just looks with Fred, any more AU-Volunteer For.ce. By excluding this vari­ than it was his accent. I think we Yankee re­ REISS-DAVIS CHILD STUDY able from consideration, the additional an­ porters loved his speech because it is a sweet CENTER nual DOD training cost wllich would result Georgia melody, a singing murmur, not dra­ ln a return to the draft is reduced from '$515.2 "Inatic, not histrionie, so -soft on the ear, but million to $374.3 milliops,' he said, 'I largest of its kind in the Nation and unteer For-ce appears to be ·sm:all or possibly better not do 'tth-at again ~r rn knock my gun the only institution in the West to pro­ negative. This is why the 'Statement that the loose.'" vide all of these services. CXX-442-Part 5 7020 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS- March 18, 1974 Reiss-Davis is now accredited by the everything after the period down through of State is authorized and directed to trans­ Council on Medical Education of the the period in line 8, and insert in lieu there­ mit an appropriate copy of this Resolution American Medical Association and by of the following: to t~e President of the United States; the The Commissioner shall allot (A) no less President of the Senate and Speaker of the the American Board of Psychiatry and than 50 per centum of the amount appro­ House of Representatives of the United Neurology. Its Anna Freud Research Li­ priated pursuant to this paragraph among States; to the Governors of the states of brary is recognized as the largest and Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Ala­ most outstanding psychiatric library in and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands bama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana and southerp. California. according to their respective need for grants Texas; to the Director of the National Eye Reiss-Davis has truly made an out­ under this part, and (B) the remaining Institute; to Secretary of the Army, Howard per centum of such amount so appropriated "Bo" Callaway; to Undersecretary of Agricul­ standing contribution in the area of to the Secretary of the Interior in the amount ture, Phil Campbell; and to the members of mental health, both locally and national­ necessary (i) to make payments pursuant the Georgia Congressional Delegation. ly, but there is much remaining to be to subsection (d) (1), and (ii) to make pay­ Be it further resolved that Senator Herman done. Out of the 10 million children in ments pursuant to subsection (d) (2). In Talmadge and Congressman Bo Ginn are the United States in need of psychiatric making the allotments under the preceding respectfully requested to read this Resolution care, only 1 million are receiving any sentence for any fiscal year, the Commis­ to their respective Houses and, thereafter, to care at all. In addition, there are still sioner shall take into account any increase insert this Resolution into the Congressional only 600 qualified child psychiatrists in in the proportion of the number of children Record. · to be served by the allotment under clause Be it further resolved that the Governors the Nation, 6 percent of whom were (A) relative to the total number of children and Legislators of our sister states are urged trained at Reiss-Davis. By its lOth anni­ to be served by the allotments under clauses to join with us in our urgent request for versary in 1960, 2,300 patients had re­ (A) and (B). action to find the causes and cures of diseases ceived treatment, and by 1967, the num­ of the eye. ber of patients treated had increased to 5,000. NEED MORE FEDERAL FUNDS FOR Approximately 70 percent of the Reiss­ EYE RESEARCH EDUCATION'S NEED FOR METRIC Davis operating budget comes from pri­ CONVERSION LEGISLATION vate sources. Only 7 percent is raised HON. BO GINN through patients' fees. The remaining 23 OF GEORGIA HON. RICHARD T. HANNA percent is derived from training andre­ OF CALIFORNIA search grants by the National Institute IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Mental Health, which are due to ex­ Monday, March 18, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pire in June 1974. Mr. GINN. Mr. Speaker, one of our Monday, March 18, 1974 As Reiss-Davis approaches its 25th most important personal possessions is Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, we will soon anniversary date in 1975, it will be the gift of sight. For many Americans, be debating a most important and far­ launching a major fund-raising drive to however, disease and accidents impair reaching piece of legislation, the Metric meet expenses incurred by its ever-ex­ this precious sense. Conversion Act. This bill is the best kind panding services. The center serves as a I wish to call to the attention of my of legislation-the kind that causes mini­ fine example of a community working colleagues the need for more Federal re­ mal social and economic disruption and together to provide care for its most search funds on the eye disease called yet has profound and progressive conse­ helpless citizens. Through its research, toxoplasmosis. The Georgia House of quences. training programs; and public education Representatives has read and adopted Mr. Speaker, I believe that I may speak service, its voice has been heard the following resolution which I would for my other colleagues who have spon­ throughout the Nation in the :field of like to share with the Members of the sored H.R. 11035 when I say that we mental health. Congress: have been aware of and impressed by the GENERAL AssEMBLY oF GEORGIA-H.R. No. 648 interest and forward action of the Cali­ fornia education system relative to met­ AMENDMENT TO H.R. 69 A resolution requesting the President and the Congress to participate in the fight ric conversion. Educators in California against diseases of the eye; and for other have been farsighted in recognizing the HON. RON DE LUGO purposes coming reality and in preparing young OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Whereas, countless citizens of this State Californians now for the future in which and of the United States are a.ffi.icted in each they will be adults. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES year by diseases of the eye, and especially the I have received today an excellent Monday, March 18, 1974 disease Toxoplasmosis; and statement by Dr. Wilson Riles, the super­ Whereas, the causes of almost all diseases Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, in accord­ intendent of public instruction and di­ of the eye are unknown to science, causing rector of education in California, re­ ance with House Resolution 963 provid­ incorrect diagnoses and leading toward a ing for the consideration of H.R. 69, I lack of proper treatment which in turn may garding the value of and need for a uni­ hereby give notice of my intention to facilitate blindness and even mental retarda­ fied national education effort to imple­ offer the following amendments to H.R. tion; and ment metric conversion. I commend his 69: Whereas, it is more feasible to appropriate perceptive remarks to my colleagues dur­ Amendment to H.R. 69, as reported, of­ money for research to prevent blindness ing their consideration of this impor­ fered by Mr. DE LUGO. than to appropriate money to provide for tant legislation. These remarks once Page 28, line 15, strike out "1" and insert the blind whose sight might have been saved again support the urgent need for H.R. 1n lieu thereof "2". through research; and 11035 and once again demonstrate why Page 29, beginning with line 1, strike out Whereas, even when funds are appropri­ all those who have had the singular everything after the period down through ated by the Congress for this vital research into the causes and cures of eye diseases pleasure of coming to know Wilson Riles the period in line 8, and insert in lieu there­ hold him in such high regard. of the following: they are often impounded or vetoed by the The Commissioner shall allot (A) 50 per President for reasons which are not related The statement follows: centum of the amount appropriated pursu­ to the crying need for eye research; and STATE OF CALIFORNIA, ant to this paragraph among Guam, Ameri­ Whereas, it is absolutely imperative that DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, can Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust research into diseases of the eyes be con­ Sacramento, March 8, 1974. Territory of the Pacific Islands according to tinued and expanded in the most rapid and Hon. RICHARD T. HANNA, their respective need for grants under this most thorough fashion possible. House of Representatives, part, and (B) the remaining 50 per centum Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Gen­ House Office Building, of such amount so appropriated to the Sec­ eral Assembly of Georgia that this body re­ Washington, D.O. retary of the Interior (i) to make payments spectfully requests the President and the DEAR DICK: I have been following the prog­ pursuant to subsection (d) (1), and (11) to Congress to immediately act for the support ress of HR 11035 for several months. Last make payments pursuant to subsection (d) and expansion of research into the causes week it was voted out of the Rules Commit­ (2). and cures of eye diseases, and particularly of tee for consideration by the House of Repre­ the eye disease Toxoplasmosis. sentatives. I encourage you to support this Amendment to H.R. 69, as reported of­ Be it further resolved that the Congress is measure for a. 10-year transition to a. metric fered by Mr. DE LuGO. urgently requested to appropriate funds to standard of measurement. Page 28, line 15, strike out "1" and insert the National Eye Institute to enable such re­ Enthusiasm for changing over to metrlcs in lieu thereof, "1¥2"· search to be conducted. runs high in California· where many schools Page 29, beginning with line 1, strike out Be it further resolved that the Secretary have already implemented metrics in their March 18, 197.1, EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7021 math, science, industrial arts, home econom­ Constantly it is repeated that Americans personally, 'W'Ould cheerfully sacrifice ics, and P .E. programs. Literally hundreds of no longer enjoy individual expression. metric inservice programs for teachers have The United States Jaycees know better be­ their treatment for little children-for been conducted to prepare the way for metri­ cause of their a.ffillations in 6,700 communi­ their children and grandchildren. cation. While many questions about metrics ties throughout this great country. Mr. Speaker, another reason for call­ are directed to the California State Depart­ History has proven that the American peo­ ing this matter to my colleagues' atten­ ment of Education, nearly all of them ask ple can unite wben threatened! Once again tion is my pride ln my constituent. Mrs. for suggestions about what to teach and how we are threatened but not by outside forces. Schneider~ She not only got help for her to teach it. V.ery few are critical of a metric Our new threat is one of self-doubt re­ son, but she reached out and shared standard for measurement. Teachers, stu­ inforced daily by the repetition of negative what she found with others. Mrs. Schnei­ dents, -a.nd parents all recognize the benefits examples. der was the unpaid but full-time national of -a changeover to a. less complex, more ea.sily The United States .Jaycees are tired of understood system, and most ar.e committed those who daily condeinn our society as de­ director of the Human Growth Founda­ to the efficacy of a. metric system. teriorating! tion, which has now been established to Federal action for implementing a. metric The time is now for the sleeping giant of help in this area. I wonder how many of standard for measurement is of immediate public "Pride" and positive individual par­ us have such unsung. but dedicated peo­ importance for many reasons. If the United ticipation to awaken. ple, unnoticed until something like this States acts now, we will have some say in Unite with the United States Jaycees in comes along, among our constituents. decisions which impact on industrial and rekindling our "Pride In America"-the key The letter follows: technological standards. Further, action now is YOU! HUMAN GROWTH FOUNDATION, will get the nation moving together to e1fect Adopted: February 16, 1974, The United a transition. The longer we wait, the more States Jaycees, Executive Committee. Baltimore, Md., Jan. 14, 1974. Congressman JIM: JoNES, difficult lt is for publishers of educational The UNirED STATES JAYCEEs, Cannon-Rouse Office Bldg., materials and others to participate in a Executive Board oj Directors. smooth shift to metrics. Delay is the enemy. Wa:sh.ingto11., D.C. My concern for metrics relates primarily to DEAR CONGRESSMAN JONES: It 1s Virtually impossible for me to tell you what I would educating children and adults for productive RESEARCH AND TREATMENT FOR lives in our society. I believe that the pas­ like to in a few short words, so rm. afraid THE PROBLEMS OF HUMAN this may very well turn into a lengthy dis­ sage -of HR 11035 is consistent with sound GROWTH economic and educational goals. In com­ sertation. It would mean very much to me merce, metrics hold promise for improving if you would stlck with me to the finish. our trade posture abroad, and at home. In BON. JAMES R. JONES 'First of all, my reason for writing is a very education. a metric standard for measure­ personal one. I am very concerned about the ment will facilitate the acquisition of meas­ OF OKLAHOMA research project that is allowing one of uring skill, and computational skills which IN THE HOUSE OF "REPRESENTATIVES my three sons to grow up, literally. With that, rm concerned about other ..little" involve measurements. The chance of meas­ Monday~ March 18, 1'974 urement error is much lower when using children who may never be gtven this op­ metric units than when using U.S. customary Mr. JONES of Oklahoma. Mr. portunity that he has had through research units because of the decimal design of met­ Speaker, frequently in our rush to help which, I believe, has been government fund­ ed f~r the most part. r.ics, That benefit alone w111 improve both our constituents and to represent them, educational ~utcomes and .commercially re­ Thirteen years ago, when my husband was on the :floor and. in committee, we may a young new architect, I was asked by a. lated outcomes. substantially. and America""s greatest resource is its school fail to stop ponder the full e1fect young new physician if anyone had ever children. They will soon manage buSiness, In­ of all that we do . .In this way, a con­ told me that my second son might be a dustry, -education and govel'Dlllent. We owe stituent's recent call to my district dwarf ... to which I responded with no ... them the adv.antages of a standard of meas­ office to eJq>ress to her view on the need a.nd went home in a state of shock. I looked urement which allows effiCient communica­ for proper funding and better balance in a reference book for information and tion both at home and abroad. found under DWARF ..• "Used to entertain in health care r-esearch focused my the Kings and Queens of England ln the Again I encourage you to vote yes in sup­ attention on the fact that funds to port of HR ll035. seventeenth century--see Tozn Thumb.-.. No Sincerely.. train new doctors and to conduct re­ medical expla.nation was given! For three Wn.soN RILEs. search also results in the treatments of years, I did not know what a dwarf was a.nd patients and the alleviation of suffer­ searched for any information I could find, ing. finding very little and being totally con­ As my constituent, Mrs. Bill J. fUsed. Finally, my pediatrician assumed the physician was correct and sent us to Okla­ PRIDEIN AMERICA Schneider, oo poignantly put it- homa City for further testing a.nd then, from You don't know wh'at it's like to be told there, we were sent on to St. Louis Chil­ your son will never be more than three dren's Hospital to be a part of a then rela­ DON. EDWARD YOUNG feet tall nor weigh more than thirty tively new research program. Little did I CP SOUTH CAllOLINA pounds. You don't know what it's like to realize then that researchers had reported IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be told, "There is no hope!" and, worse, to the 1irst successful results o:f administration be given the feeling that no one cares. of human growth hormone to dwarfed hy­ Monday, March 18, 1974 my popituitary children. only the year before One of reasons for asking that my 'SOn was born. Mr. YOUNG of South Carolina. Mr. Mrs. Schneider's letter to me be Speaker, th-e Jaycees of the United States Stan was selected as one of the first 100 reprinted in the RECORD is her convic­ children in the U.S. to .be a part of this pro­ have rendered much valuable service over tion that more doctors in general prac­ gl'&lrl which has extended to some 200 chil­ the years. Today. they are concerned tice should know that ther~ is hope-­ dren now, I believe. Many others could bene­ over the cynicism and pessimism that treatment is available. Mrs. Schneider's fit if enough hormone were available, seems to be so popular today. I commend son received treatment as part of are­ though! ~n one room, they were working them f-or their program known as "Pride search and training program funded by with rats .•• ln the other room with Stan! in America." .Admittedly, the decision to let him be a part the National Institutes of H~alth in St. of something that ~ had never heard about I insert the following resolution by the Louis, Mo. Jaycees of the United States . • . and just the fact that it was research Mrs. Schneider pleads for others was the most dllfieult decision ~ have ev.er PRIDE IN AMERICA whose children may be similarly afilicted. made in my life and I turned to God for an It is becoming increasingly difficult to since her own oon bas now received help. answer that was beyond my comprehension appreciate that our country offers more op­ She pleads not for more money. but as .a young mother. With God's help, a deci­ portunity than any nation in the world ••• that within the total amount available sion came immediately and Stan .and I head­ Because ed for St. Louis where he has spent ten weeks Today this country's detractors show little that not all of it be given to research off and on in an effort to help research, to regard for our institutions. and training in cancer and heart dis­ train pediatric endocrinologists, and to, Most Americans have strong convlclions ease just because of the attention, pub­ hopefully, help him! in these institutions that are the <:>d sense to continue to give it the south only through predetermined points filibustering and in diverse ways defeating the econolDlc and material support we have promised." of entry. every attempt by the commission to ex­ The communists have totally ignored this pose what is really going on. Last July, after understanding. A dozen usable roads have Canadian members had protested the "mas­ been bulldozed through the wooded hills of sive" and "unrelenting'• infiltration of North ENERGY RESEARCH: A TECHNICAL the DMZ, and columns of troops and long Vietnamese troops across the border. OVERVIEW truck convoys make regular use of them, Canada withdrew its delegation in disgust. mostly in support of a massive communist The only serious violations it had found dur­ buildup of infantry and armor in the ing its tenure were committed by the North northernmost provinces of South Vietnam, Vietnamese. (In fact, Saigon has cooperated HON. ROBERT E. JONES possibly for another fierce assault against fully with the ICCS, abiding by the troops OF ALABAMA the old imperial capital of Hue. One of the and resupply provisions of the Paris agree­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES best roads has become the departure point ment to what-given the situation-must for an ambitious new north-south route in­ be considered an extraordinary extent.) The Monday, March 18, 1974 side South Vietnam which parallels the Iranians have taken the place of the Ca­ nadians, but the obstructionism of the Hun­ Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Speaker famous Ho Chi Minh trail network for 300 r~co~endations for alleviating the Na~ . miles. When finished, the all-weather road garians and Poles has worsened. In truth, will provide the communists with a second the ICCS is all but dead. tion s energy crisis by applying the tech­ major supply corridor all the way to the All-Out War Ahead? There is no debate nology transfer techniques used by the jungle strongholds near Cambodia, within a among intelligence analysts about the re­ U.S. Army Missile Command Research day's march of Saigon. newed capacity of the North Vietnamese to Development, and Engineering Labora~ launch yet another full-scale offensive, tory at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, EXPLOITING CAMBODIA AND LAOS should such be Hanoi's intention. Will it Under Article 20 of the Paris agreement, happen? Ala., were presented recently by Dr. John Hanoi promised to withdraw its forces from President Thieu and his senior generals L. McDaniel, director of the laboratory both cambodia and Laos; to refrain from are by-and-large convinced that recent in­ at a "Development of Energy Resources'~ starting up or supporting any new military tense and costly preparations on the part of seminar at Athens College, Ala. adventures in either country; and to give up Hanoi presage an imminent return by the Because his remarks have meaning for the sanctuaries there that have long served communists to an all-out offensive. General each of us as we seek solutions to the as bases for operations against the SOuth Giap launched the 1972 offensive on the mis­ need to develop more energy resources Vietnamese government. taken assumption that the ARVN could be his in The North Vietnamese have unabashedly ground down to helplessness as U.S. infantry I include remarks at this point th~ broken all three stipulations, sending men drew back into reserve position. Now the fear RECORD: and supplies down the Ho Chi Minh trail in Saigon is that the absence of both ENERGY RESEARCH: A TECHNl:CAL OVERVl:EW through Laos and Cambodia without inter­ American air and ground forces may tempt (By John L. McDaniel) ruption. Some of these reinforcements have the Hanoi strategists into yet another try The background on_energy research is now. already gone into combat--in the struggles for a knockout blow-all the more so because In fiscal year 1973, the total federal funding for control of the Central Highland road of the unexpected decline of President level for energy research was only $622 mil­ system, the Cambodian approaches toward Nixon's prestige and influence. lion, and this includes nearly a dozen federal Saigon, and the rice paddies of the Western At the U.S. embassy in Saigon, and in agencies. Mekong Valley. the intelligence community in Washington This funding level is infinitesimal consid­ PRISONER l:NFORM.ATION the prevailing view is somewhat more san­ ering the vastness of the problem and the guine. This hopefulness derives in some de­ projected energy demands for the future, Articles 7 and 8 of the Paris agreements gree from a widely based judgment that required both sides to cooperate in obtain­ when the vast problem of today will be con­ neither Peking nor Moscow, for all their in­ sidered miniscule. ing all possible information about missing cessant jockeying for political and strategic civilian and military personnel. Although advantage in Asia, is disposed at this junc­ For the last 100 years energy consumpt ion more than 1300 Americans are st ill unac­ ture to arouse American sensibilities on the has increased steadily. In the 1940's, the rate counted for, all attempts to obtain com­ issue of South Vietnam's continued survival. of increase began to change rapidly. Since munist assistance in confirming the death An equally important factor for optimism 1960 energy consumption has taken an even of these men and bringing their remains has been the stout behavior of the South greater rise in the rate of increase. The back to the United States have been blocked. Vietnamese armed forces under fire. amount of energy used in the United Stat es By wrangling over procedural details, North In the ascending sequence of battles since in 1975 will be almost twice the amount used Vietnam has circumvented requests to allow the start of the cease-fire, the ARVN has dem­ in 1960. A conservative estimate of the energy any outsiders, including the International onstrated repeatedly that it will stand and needed by the year 2000 is almost five times Red Cross, to make on-site inspections either fight. Thus there has been no significant what was used in 1960. iri the North or in communist-controlled loss of territory or seeping of population into One reason for this dramatic increase is areas of south Vietnam and Laos. This is communist hamlets, and no discernible ero­ the tremendous growth in per capita energy particularly cruel for numerous families who sion of the government's authority. Instead, consumption. Per capita consumption of must live in a state of agonizing doubt, not the central government in Saigon has come electrical energy almost doubled every ten knowing for sure whether their loved ones into effective control of all but five percent years from 1930 through 1970. Combine this have perished. of the population. with the population increases during the SABOTAGl:NG '1'RUCE l:NSPECTl:ON Finally, Thieu himself has emerged from same period, and we have a skyrocket effect The North Vietnamese have reduced to the cease-fire testing period_ as a strong on energy demands. near futility the functions of the Interna­ leader. He has been the driving force in as­ The reason for this 1s the increasing aftlu­ ence which we enjoy in the United States. tional Commission on Control and Super- sembling the generally competent admin- March 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7025 The Gross National Product more than dou­ adjusted, would hamper or inhibit a long­ Technology transfer has received increas­ bled between 1950 and 1970. With this in­ term R&D program for civllian energy: ing interest in the Federal Government re­ crease in Gross National Product (and per A dearth of R&D talent in many areas. It cently, and several Federal agencies now have capita income), there was a corresponding is futile to urge initiation or intensification specific budget items for the transfer and increase in per capita energy use. of specific research and development if a maximum utilization of technology. In 1972, Energy supplies face astronomical demands body of trained scientists and engineers is the General Accounting Office recommended: at present, and these demands will increase. not available. For years, young research 1) A Government-wide policy for technology This is unfortunate, because the problems of workers gravitated toward jobs in the more transfer with guidelines issued to Federal supply have been very close at hand for all prosperous areas of space, defense, or the life agencies to implement a formal, active tech­ of us during the past year. sciences. Structure and scope must be given nology transfer process; 2) that the Secre­ Virtually all of our energy sources at pres­ to energy R&D-so that young minds will be tary of Defense establish policy and proce­ ent are fossil fuels. The problem here is im­ encouraged to contribute to those fields that dures to encourage more extensive applica­ mediate and obvious: Once the supply is desperately need the stimuli of imagination tion of existing defense technology to civil­ gone, that's it, M. K. Hubbert's Energy Re­ and ideas. Far-sighted planning for the edu­ ian problems; and 3) the establishment of sources, predicts that domestic crude oil cation of sophisticated energy technologists a technology transfer consulting team as a production by the year 2000 will be well be­ must be instituted. central focus to assist Federal agencies in low the 1940 level. By this time all the Until recently, the glamor of certain disci­ the matching of technological resources with easily-obtained oil will have been used up, plines and the relative ease of funding tend pressing national needs. and production will depend on sources now to accentuate space- and defense-oriented Although technology transfer is not new, considered economically unfeasible. energy R&D. Although some colleges and the urgency of current requirements calls Different problems exist for alternative en­ technological institutions are engaged in for much more comprehensive and cohesive ergy sources. Nuclear power plants have some education and research for energy, the action than has been taken in the past. The elicited sometimes strident opposition based e:trorts are widely dispersed and diffused. traditional means of transferring tech­ upon concern for the environment or the Governmenli needs to readjust in those nology-such as the intersectoral movement safety of the nearby population. Also, nuclear areas where it supports research and to re­ of people, organizational diversification con­ fuel has the same limitation as fossil fuels; vitalize those agencies involved in energy ventional library systems, technical 'jour­ it can be used up. R&D that have lost ground in the face of nals, and college classrooms-while still im­ Hydroelectric power has very definite geo­ modern developments. Such experience and portant, are no longer wholly adequate. graphic limitations, as well as the problem talent could be capitalized upon if given cog­ At the Missile Command, we've been deeply or space. Even when a river and suitable ter­ nizance over new or expanded programs--or involved in technology transfer since we've rain exists near large population centers made responsible for major feasibility analy­ been in business. Some of the technology with the most urgent demands for power, ses. which evolved from development of the now­ flooding the required number of acres is im­ The Government needs to sponsor certain obsolete Redstone can be found in virtually possible from both economic and sociological kinds of basic research that are difficult to every missile system in existence today. standpoints. fund privately. Our technology is directed toward missile Solar power, at its present level of develop­ A major deficiency is the lack of com­ system development, but the method used is ment, costs 100 to 1000 times that of con­ munication and of data interchange between a gOod illustration of the concept of tech­ ventional power generation methods. Each and among energy research groups in dif­ nology transfer. We have more than 1300 thousand megawatts would require four ferent fields. Findings in one area are not people i.nvolved in research and develop­ square miles of collection equipment, which necessarily available to another, nor is there ment support for over 30 missile systems. introduces the problem of space. Also to be productive cross-fertilization among activi­ This support stays with a missile system considered would be the problem of rainy ties. No single professional society is broadly throughout its lit~ cycle, and the transfer of days. concerned with energy-no technical journal technology takes place in all directions. The Geothermal power is more theory than pos­ serves as a clearinghouse for energy informa­ knowledge gained in developing older sys­ sibility at the moment, although a geo­ tion. These communication gaps should be tems is utilized in the development of newer thermal plant is in operation at the Geyers, plugged. systems, but the reverse is also true. Im­ 90 miles north of San Francisco. This plant is However, if all these suggestions were im­ provements discovered in developing new possible only because natural geothermal plemented yesterday, we would still be late. systems may be incorporated in older sys­ phenomena existed to be tapped. We cannot avoid the energy crisis, since it's tems even though they've been in the field Also each of these methods have faced op­ already upon us, but we can lessen the im­ for years. position from ecological or environmental pact. Wise management and utilization of One organization charged speclfl.cally with groups. There seems to be no doubt that both energy research can result in decided im­ the responsibility of transferring technology the production and consummation of energy provement, but ignoring the need for this is the Redstone Scientific Information Cen­ creates an adverse e:trect on the environment. research can result in catastrophe. ter, which also supports NASA's Marshall So vast are the ramifications of energy that This research must be centrally coordi­ Space Flight Center. its totality is difficult to comprehend. More­ nated, departing from the piecemeal and The Independent Research and Develop­ over, the rel81ted R&D is pursued at so many probably duplicative e:trorts which now exist. ment (!R&D) program is another area in levels and in so many di:trerent types of in­ Research priorities must be established to which MICOM has greatly expanded its tech­ stitutions that it is not easy to derive a com­ solve the long-term problems. To solve the nology transfer capa-bility. The system con­ posite picture of what is being done, what is immediate problem we may face the neces­ sists of analyzing and indexing the tasks be­ being neglected, and what should be started sity for establishing consumer priorities. ing performed by approximately 125 com­ now it a possible future disaster is to be Nationwide gasoline rationing has already panies or profit centers under the Govern­ averted. been mentioned, and there's a possibility ment's $600 million annual investment. In contrast to a field like defense, no Gov­ that electricity could be rationed. Bibliographic information on each task is ernment agency has primary responsibility for Solving the energy problem wlll require stored in a computer, and each month new the civilian energy sector-let alone energy a great deal of technological e:trort. Fortu­ entries are selectively disseminated to the R&D. Very recently (earlier in 1973) Execu­ nately, this is a commodity with no acute functional activities of the laboratory-de­ tive Order 11726 established the Energy shortages in the foreseeable future. Also, pending upon technical interest profiles. Policy Office. Under ideal conditions, this Of­ the supply of technologica'l know-how can be In addition to !R&D, our Laboratory has fice could be established sufficiently within replenished, which is not the case with fos­ on-line access to the Defense Documentation six months to a year to play a significant role sil fuels. In the past, virtually all technolog­ Center and NASA Libra-ry of Research and Technology Resumes. As in the case of IR&D in shaping or developing a national energy ical efforts have resulted in developments which consumed energy, with no thought each year before we forward our proposed program. Under worst conditions, the Office tacks to higher headquarters for approval, we could become so entangled in separate emer­ given to conserving energy. It all of this check our tasks against on-going DOD and gency facets of the energy crisis that all po­ effort could be rechanneled or transferred NASA tasks to assure ourselves that we are tential for overall guidance would be negated, to the task of conserving or locating new not duplicating the efforts ot others. It we are to have a complex of energy re­ sources of energy, there is little doubt that the problems would be speedily solved. AMC's terminal homing data bank was sources that can meet constantly changeable established at MICOM in January 1971 to needs and choices, the energy planning for Some technology transfer has already taken provide an Army-wide target signature meas­ the future must provide a dynamically bal­ place. Automotive engineers rechanneled urements data base that will accelerate the anced program that makes optimum use of their knowledge of building higher perform­ development of unique and effective terminal the various energy resources, that maximizes ance engines into e:trorts to decrease the pol­ homing weapon systems. the potential of this country's diverse R&D lutants which these engines expelled into apparatus, and that encompasses R&D e:trorts the air. Unfortunately, the pollution control Though we have and use transfer mechan­ at di:trerent levels of technological advance­ devices used even more energy, or gasoline, isms to check our in-house tasks against ment. those being performer by Army, Na.yy, Air which did nothing to help the energy situa- Force, NASA, and industry, no convenient Before such a system can be achieved, it tion. Thus it appears that one additional mechanism for checking against other de­ is imperative to recogni.ze the existence of transfer of objective might be desirable in partments of the Government exists. We a.re several conditions that, unless corrected or this case. working on this problem now. 7026 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1974 Another example of effective technology ated. The same methods used at MICOM in Too sel,dom in this world is a man hon­ transfer is our development of a laser scal­ the IR&D transfer process would prove highly ored for his achievements while still at pel for the National Institute of Health. The effective. Such a center could evaluate energy National Cancer Institute requested the research programs and recommend priorities work. BILL WIDNALL has been tireless in Army's assistance in conducting experiments for those which appeared most promising, his efforts to secure good legislation for to assess the potential of a high energy laser using what we at MICOM call the "Systems the elderly. It is most appropriate that to destroy cancerous tumors in experimental Approach." We could develop an equation to in the place of his birth, he is being animals. Although we were pursuing only indicate the total weighted score of such a honored in this manner. military missions, the fact that we possessed program by considering such factors as I join my colleagues in congratulat­ a capability to deliver large amounts of laser planned funding for each project, average ing WIDNALL-and the good people of energy made us a unique source for such weighted score per project, and the number Hackensack for their wisdom in paying experimental equipment. of projects. To determine the average The laser scalpel was built in-house for the weighted score per project, we consider the this homage to a man who has given so cancer research experiments. The beginning objective, approach, and available resources. much of himself on behalf of others. of this effort was ma.Q.e possible by the effec­ Such an equation would add a degree of con­ tive transfer of Army laser technology. creteness to the abstractions encountered in MICOM's parent organization, the Army planning any type of research program, and Materiel Command (AMC) has established is a first step to the systems approach. CHAIRMAN POAGE SPEAKS ON REA 10 lead laboratories to cover specific tech­ (4) That we encourage and provide addi­ ACT OF 1973 nologies. For example, MICOM has been des­ tional funding, if necessary, for the most ignated lead laboratory for guidance and promising energy research programs. control/ terminal homing and high energy This may be relatively simple if the most HON. JOHN M. ZWACH laser technology. Seven other AMC labora­ promising program happens to be conducted OF MINNESOTA tories have lead responsibility in various by a Federal agency. However, there is little technology areas. One of the essential func­ doubt that industry will be conducting indi­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES tions of the lead laboratory is to assure tech­ vidual research programs aimed at conserving Monday, March 18, 1974 nology transfer from the bench scientist to energy resources. If one of these appears to the developing system. have exceptional promise, a Government con­ Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, on February You may already be wondering what rela­ tract could be awarded to conduct this pro­ 11, 1974, chairman of the House Agricul­ tionship this has to the energy crisis. The gram on an intensified level. ture Committee, Mr. PoAGE, addressed point is that we as a nation have the ability The energy crisis has been caused, in large the NRECA Convention at San Francisco, and the resources to solve our energy prob­ measure, by ignoring facts which were Calif. lems on a long range basis. However, the known, but which were thought to be prob­ · Mr. PoAGE's remarks trace the legisla­ available technology must be guided into the lems of the future. The future may have most effective channels. The decision which been the past summer for some of you, if you tive history of Public Law 93-32, the REA we must be prepared to face is how deter­ traveled in certain sections of Florida or Act of 1973. It is a good account of the mined are we to solve these problems. Colorado where the gasoline shortage was es­ proceedings, and, therefore, I am insert­ To solve the problem on a long-range basis, pecially severe. The future could be this win­ ing it into the RECORD for all the Mem­ I recommend that several points be con­ ter, when there may not be enough gas or bers to read. sidered: electricity to keep our homes at a comfort­ Chairman PoAGE's address follows: able temperature. (1) That we, as a nation, redirect our SPEECH BY CoNGRESSMAN W. R. PoAGE thinking so that conservation of energy is a Along with the gloomier signs there is op­ top priority item. timism. We are waking up on the national It has been a number of years since I have Auto engineers can place a higher priority level to the magnitude of our problem. If the had the pleasure of speaking to a convention on efficient gasoline utilization if the public full resources of America technology are of the N.R.E.C.A. I am pleased and honored so demands. Until very recently, gasoline pitted against the energy crises, there is no to again have that opportunity. NRECA is an consumption was not a major selling point doubt in my mind that technology will win. outstanding organization and has had a great for an automobile, but recent commercials influence on legislation that not only deals indicate that the auto manufacturers have directly with the financing of electric co­ already gotten the message. operatives, but on legislation that deals with The same holds true in other areas. It's a all the problems of rural America. I recall how THE DEDICATION OF THE wn.L!AM helpful NRECA was in obtaining the passage safe bet that you didn't think to check on B. WIDNALL TOWERS power consumption the last time you bought of the Rural Development Act of 1972. Repre­ a clothes dryer, and you probably wouldn't sentatives of NRECA were most effective not have been able to, even had you thought only in making sure that Members of the HON. JOHN J. RHODES House were aware of the merits of the Rural about it. Efficient power consumption just OF ARIZONA hasn't been a major selling point in the past. Development Act, but in suggesting a number IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of important points which were included in (2) That we determine the trade-offs or ex­ the bill. pense necessary to achieve the desired re­ Monday, March 18, 1974 It wasn't long ago that all of us were dealt sults. Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, I am a stunning surprise by the sudden cancella­ We must first determine what the desired pleased today to have an opportunity to tion and termination of the 2 percent loan results are, and the acceptable trade-offs or program for electric and telephone borrowers. expense could especially have a pronounced pay tribute to one of my Republican col­ It didn't take NRECA long to begin an offen­ effect on the short-term energy situation. At leagues who is being singularly hon- sive to restore this program. It was not an current consumption levels, coal is by far our ored in his home district. · easy job. I believe your convention was meet­ most plentiful fossil fuel. In addition to in­ Today a bright new future for senior ing in Dallas and I know you adopted several creasing expense, however, additional prob­ citizens in Hackensack, N.J., begins with strong resolutions. Tempers were short and lems have arisen in connection with coal pro­ the dedication of William B. Widnall patience was thin, but after all the smoke duction and the environment. Strip mining Towers. This 100-unit, 13-story building cleared, NRECA was most helpful in formu­ increases the availability of coal, but restor­ will provide modem facilities for elderly lating our current REA loan program which, in g the land to its pre-mined state adds to in my opinion, is far more likely to remain the expense. And the question also arises as persons most in need of care. viable than the old 2 percent loan program to what is an accept able approximation of It is the first development of its kind because there was considerable pressure to the pre-mined state. in the public housing program-located raise the interest rates and it was becoming And of course this isn't the end o! the en­ and designed specifically for the needs more and more difficult to obtain adequate vironmental problem. Coal-burning power of senior citizens. Nearby is a county hos­ funds from this program to meet the tremen­ systems are among the biggest contributors pital within walking distance. A doctor's dous need for rural electric and telephone to air pollution, and controlling this pollu­ office and infirmary are within the proj­ service. t ion consumes more energy. For example, I would like to look back for a few min­ just one air pollution control system em­ ect. Visiting health care personnel will utes on what happened beginning with the ployed by Bethlehem Steel takes as mu ch emphasize preventative health care. Department's most unfortunate announce­ electric power as 1,700 average homes. Security measures will include an in­ ment terminating the old program. (3) That we establish a national clearing­ dividual call system and a TV monitor­ As the year 1972 drew to a close, those of house or coordinating point for the effective soon to be expanded into a transmitting us on the Agriculture Committee knew that dissemination and transfer of energy tech­ facility to serve the elderly within a 50- we had a reasonably busy year ahead of us nology. This responsibility could be assumed mile radius. because of the expiration of the Agriculture by t he recently-established Energy Policy Of­ The project will feature central din­ Act. We also knew that we would be dealing fice. with the always controversial Food Stamp This "Energy Center" could prevent the ing, and individual kitchens. Rooms for Act, but, in all of our wildest dreams, we du plicat ion of effort which would be more community gatherings are provided. The never visualized just what type of bombshells likely to occur as the nat ion became more accent is on bright, airy units, offering the administration was about to throw at us. energy-conscious and more work was initi- safety, convenience and total care. I suppose we first realized what we were March 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7027 dealing with when on December 26, 1972, Senator Humphrey's bill which would have make a legislative finding that REA should the administration coldly announced the restored the old program, passed without not be concerned with financing generation termination of one of our most sound and amendment by a vote of 69 to 20 and his bill plants. I think we still need the means of helpful conservation programs, the rural en­ was referred to our committee. I was of the providing our co-ops with generation in vironmental assistance program. The next opinion that the bill could easily pass our many instances. victim was the emergency loan program for committee and probably pass the House, but This new bill passed the House on April 4, farmers who had been wiped out by natural I realized that it could never become law by a vote of 317 to 92. We went to conference disasters. These announcements were terrific without the President's signature-which it with the Senate which had passed the blows, of course, but I must admit that De­ simply could not get. Humphrey bill which would have simply cember 29, 1972, yielded perhaps the most I wanted a bill-not an issue. I wanted a forced the President to restore the old pro­ shocking of all the administration's offenses program which would get us some money, so gram and which certainly would have been against long-standing programs that had so we did not delay, and we had three days of vetoed. After a cooling-off period, the Sen­ long benefited our farmers and ranchers and hearings before our committee on Febru­ a tors had decided that we needed a program rural people in general. ary 26, 27, and 28. These were lengthy and more than we needed an issue so we reached This, of course, was the announcement that emotional hearings. There was a great deal agreement. Of course, the agreement was the rural electrification program as we had of pressure to rush out a bill to the fioor substantially what the House had passed. known it for many years was being cast aside along the lines of the Humphrey-Denholm The conference report was agreed to 1n the and that the interest rates and loans for bill, but there was also a growing feeling that Senate on May 9, by a vote of 93 to 3, and rural electric and telephone systems would perhaps there was an answer which would on May 10 in the House, by a vote of 363 be increased two and a half times. Not only in the long run prove more fruitful to those to 25. On May 11, 1973, the President signed did this strike fear throughout rural America who had always relied on the REA program. I the bill and it became law-Public Law but it raised deep questions as to the sin­ met daily with Representatives from the De­ 93-32. May U-REA's birthday. cerity of the administration's professed in­ partment of Agriculture, NRECA and the Of­ None of us felt that a law this complex terest in the people out in the country. fice of Management and Budget. I negotiated would be perfect and we expected that some I must admit that I was especially dis­ with Secretary Butz and even personally changes would be necessary from time to mayed and shocked by the reason given for spoke to the President. time. This past week, on February 4, I intro­ terminating this vital program. That reason, At this point, we fortunately received the duced legislation, H.R. 12526, designed to as stated, was that there was a new source of untiring and sincere cooperation of one of help CFC participate in the guaranteed loan financing which had been made possible by the men who has contributed so much to the program. The bill has three main provisions: the enactment of the Rural Development Act Rural Electric and Rural Telephone pro­ 1. It would exempt from Securities Ex­ of 1972. In the future, the administration grams; Congressman Ancher Nelsen. As you change Commission (SEC) regulations CFC said, rural electric and rural telephone loans know, Congressman Nelsen was at one time bonds or securities which are fully secured would be known as community facility loans the Administrator of the REA and I would by or which represent beneficial ownership and would carry an interest rate of 5 percent not begin to try to count the number of times in loans guaranteed by the REA. and would be made out of the fund created we met. Finally, Congressman Nelsen and I, 2. It would add statuatory language to the specifically for rural development projects, with the help of a dedicated staff, worked REA Act to expressly authorize the assign­ the rural development insurance fund. out what we thought was a reasonable com­ ment of REA guarantees. Just after I heard this sad news, I issued a promise which would establish an insured 3. It would clarify the provisions of sect. press release from the committee in which and guaranteed loan program for those bor­ 308 of the REA Act which provides for in­ I denounced this action as underhanded and rowers who could afford to pay more than 2 contestability of the government guarantee I pointed out that as an original sponsor of percent. However, we made certain that we "except for fraud or misrepresentation of the Rural Development Act of 1972, I never had provided direct 2 percent funds for those which the holder has actual knowledge." thought that its provisions would be "con­ who simply could not pay any more and still While our committee will be extremely strued as legal basis for boosting REA loan stay in operation. busy for some time to come, I do plan for us rates." I felt sure I spoke for everyone else Congressman Nelsen and I, while we dif­ to consider this bill at the earliest oppor­ who had any type of interest in developing fered on some details, had the same goals tunity. If enacted, it will give our loan pro­ rural America. in mind and we presented our ideas to the gram additional flexibility. It did not take long for the Congress to House Agriculture Committee. Up until that Another matter in which you must be vi­ react to the administration's ill-founded at­ time we could not get the Department o! tally interested is the energy crisis. I know tempt to dismantle the REA program. On Agriculture to put anything down on paper. that the energy administrator, Mr. Simon, January 16, 1973, Senator Humphrey intro­ We did not know what they had in mind but was to have appeared on your program to­ duced legislation to force the administration I believe the fact that with Mr. Nelsen's night, but he has been detained. Let me, to continue the REA program as we have cooperation, we had been able to shape up therefore, offer just a brief comment. known it. Just two days later, Congressman a reasonable and workable compromise, lit As you know, the Federal Energy Office Frank Denholm, who is a distinguished a match under the Department's foot and, (FEO) came out with revised regulations on member of the House Agriculture Commit­ on March 13, they actually, though not January 15 which in effect said that agri­ tee, introduced similar legislation in the formally, asked Congressman Nelsen to in­ culture and agriculturally related activities House. In fact, between January 22 and Feb­ troduce their proposal, which he did that should receive 100 percent of their fuel re­ ruary 17, 21 bills identical to the Humphrey day. I felt we could not live with what they quirements. As originally drafted, these reg­ and Denholm bills, with a total of 113 co­ submitted and refused to join, but we were ulations had some wholly impractical pro­ sponsors, were introduced in the House. glad to at long last have their views in black visions, such as giving farmers an allocation Of course, through the years I have learn­ and white. I know that it sounds unreason­ o! diesel oil equal to 100 percent of a fixed ed that an exact count of co-sponsors is not able, but one of the hardest things 1n Wash­ monthly base period in 1973. We had FEO always an accurate way to predict a vote, ington is to get an agency, any administra­ administrator William E. Simon come before especially if the vote is one to override a tive agency, to take a real clear stand on a our committee at a night session just as he presidential veto. Neither can you rely on the controversial question. was taking over his duties in that office. We vote by which a bill is passed in the House Our committee continued its deliberations convinced him that changes in the proposed or Senate as a predicate for determining and, on March 15, the committee voted by a regulations were imperative. The changes whether these supporters are going to vote vote of 32 to 4 to instruct our colleague, Con­ were made, and we now have the 100 percent to override a veto. Remember, we passed the gressman Denholm, to introduce a bill which of requirement allocation. revised Poage-Aiken Rural Water and Sewer was substantially the compromise Congress­ Now that sounds fine, and I want to ex­ bill by a vote of 297 to 54-almost 6 to 1- man Nelsen and I had originally suggested. press my appreciation to Mr. Simon, but we but when we tried to pass it over President The bill provided insured loan funds at 5 have to keep in mind that having priorities Nixon's veto, we failed to get the needed 2 to percent frnm a newly-created rural electri­ which Mr. Simon can and has given us and 1 vote. Lots of members who were w1lling fication and telephone revolving fund. Bor­ having the gasoline or diesel fuel which sim­ to vote for a bill which they believed to be rowers meeting certain criteria would receive ply is not always available might sometimes good simply will not vote to directly chal­ 2 percent loans. In addition, our rural tele­ be a wholly different thing. In fact, our com­ lenge the President by voting to override phone bank was strengthened. mittee is continually receiving calls from his veto. I want to point out that our bill in addi­ farmers who have failed to get fuel for one It was my opinion, therefore, from the very tion did not point an accusing finger or try reason or another-sometimes because their beginning that we needed to try to work out to single out generation and transmission local supplier himself is out of gasoline or a reasonable compromise with the admin­ cooperatives for punitive treatment as the diesel oil. We are continuing to work on that istration, if we were to have any REA loan administration had sought to do. In other particular problem, and we are hopeful that program. As I was attempting to hold meet­ words, the administration wanted to specifi­ the situation will get better as every in­ ings and negotiate, the Senate was acting­ cally provide that no G and Ts could get 2 dividual in the entire distribution chain and acting in a way which I feared could do percent money. We realized that very few comes to realize that agriculture is entitled nothing but assure us a political issue. Sen­ G and Ts could qualify by meeting the cri­ to and must get all the fuel it needs. ator Humphrey had been busy and by the teria but I was unwilling to say that it a Now these same regulations provide that time the Senate Agriculture Committee re­ G and T met the other requirements that it utilities which happen to generate and/ or ported his bill to the Senate on February 15, should be disqualified simply because it pro­ distribute electricity produced in hydroelec­ there were 52 Senators sponsoring this leg­ duced electricity. As I see it, the real pur­ tric or nuclear plants will get 100 percent of islation. Just six days later, on February 21, pose of the administration's proposal was to their current gasoline and dist1llate fuel 7028 EXTENSIONS OF ':RE:MARKS . Marc'h 18, 1974 needs for the operation of their maint enance called with a hearty laugh last week, "some the~ building up their military might, let's and repair vehicles whereas all other elect ric people who were against me said that my not kid ourselves. They're not gett ing ready utility systems shall get only 100 percent election would put a 'gunslinger' into office. for a tea party." of their base period vehicular u ses. They even called me-'The Fastest Gun in In addition, Mr. Hunt is against both for­ I have protested this to administ rator the East.'" eign aid to nations that "kick us in the Simon. The descriptions, while colorful (Mr. Hunt teeth" ("Look at Peru, which used our de­ To me it makes no sense to m ake a d is­ is, in fact, an avid hunter and an expert stroyers to capture our fishlJ. ng boats") and tinction between vehicles wh ich service a marksman), were more stylized than accu­ a continuing, wide-ranging investigation of system that transmits elect ricit y generated rate and, so far as the local electorate was "the so-called Watergate case." by water power, and the same kind of trucks concerned, proved less intimidat ing than "I've known President Nixon since World or other equipment servicing a line moving amusing. War II, and I think he's done a fine job on electricity originating at a st eam generation Today, 15 years after that first successful foreign relations, although I can't gtive him plant. bid for public office, Mr. Hunt is serving his too much of a plus for the people he's sur­ The immediate explanation of FEO fourth t erm as the Republican Representa­ rounded himself with," Mr. Hunt declared officials with whom my committee staff d is­ t ive from New Jersey's Fir st Congressional during a walk to the center of town, during cussed this problem was that 1f they should District. which his personal appeal and magnetism make some kind of except ion for t he John Hunt is a "John Wayne American." eviden ced itself in count less smilin g cha'.,s utilities, t his would open the door for a If "The Duke" created a prototype for the an d exchan ges wit h local residents. wide range of exceptions that cou ld wreck "patriot's patriot," the design seemed cus­ "Watergate, to me, was a burglary by over­ the allocat ions program. tom-made for the Congressman. While the zealous patriots. I've always felt we should When it was pointed out that a power line movie star has portrayed countless rough­ convict anyone involved with that burglary. breakdown on an REA system could throw a and-ready heroes on the screen, the politi­ "But I do think that a segment of the hospital or a firehouse in the dark, there was cian has filled the roles in real life. news media has poisoned the Ill'inds of many a long pause in the explanation offered by AN ILLUSTRIOUS CAREER people with respect to politicians and the these FEO officials, then a feeble suggestion In his 65 years, Mr. Hunt has not only President. I happen to think that Mr. Nixon that the REA should then turn to au t horities been a sheriff, Congressman and a State Sen­ has been candid as far as he's gone.'' for help under the emergency set -aside allo­ cation each State is assigned. That is likely to ator twice, but also a hard-punching mid­ OPPOSED TO RATIONING take two weeks to two months. Meanwhile,, I dleweight boxer, a State Police officer and a When not involved with national issues, suppose, the hospitals will be expected to decorated veteran of World War II. Mr. Hunt concentrates his efforts on local function with some kind of standby power Time has been kind to Mr. Hunt, as his problems. Energy and m ass transuortation , generating equipment until orders can go trim physique, tanned, lightly lined face two areas affecting large portions of the na­ out from the State capital and the needed and full head of charcoal-gray hair will at­ tion, interest and disturb him the most, he gasoline gets delivered to your line repair­ test. And 1f little of his appearance has says, and have convinced him that "i.t is men's trucks. At an y rate, I will keep trying changed measurably over the years, his po­ about time that New England and other parts to drive the point home. litical philosophies seem to have been di­ of the country faced reality and realized that Well, that's just a glance at one of the verted even less. In surveys conducted in we have to build refineries around where many problems we're wrestling wit h in Wash­ 1972, the liberally oriented Americans for they are.'' ington these days. We have shortages in Democratic Action gave the Congressman a Opposed to fuel rationing, but firm in his fuel and in fertilizers and in chemicals that zero rating, while the conservative-based conviction that 20 new refineries must be go into cattle feedstuffs, and when we get Americans for Constitutional Action awarded built throughout the nation "as soon as pos­ some relief in these shortages, we have soar­ him an 89 per cent mark. sible," the Congressman said that the next ing prices to contend with-in all the items Considered one of the most ardent con­ one is scheduled to be constructed in his that go into the production of food and fiber. servatives in the House of Representatives, district by Shell Oil. But with all these problems, America's Mr. Hunt's hard-line approach to issues has With a new campaign fast ap proaching, farmers and ranchers will do their part. We enthralled followers and dismayed oppo­ political observers are watching with interest should harvest some record crops this year. nents. how the Congressman will balance the im­ It has been a pleasure to be with you. I "The experts say that mine is one of the pact of Watergate and the influx of increas­ look forward to continue working with you most diversified districts in the United ing numbers of liberal-voting urbanlJ.tes into and the REA program. I've been around the .States," he observed during an interview in his district before deciding whether to seek REA program and those associated with it his office here. "It includes all of Gloucester ·a fifth term. for a good long while. No program or group County and a good part of Camden County, "Until then," he said, slapping his hands of people have been more of a blessing to and we've got a major seaport, oil refineries, together in glee, "I've got a really big day the world's largest record factory (Columbia], the folks out in rural America. coming up April 1. Corning Glass, a shipyard, light industry, Thank you again. huge asparagus, tomato and blueberry farms. "That's when Doris and I make the last And lots of apartment complexes are going up payment and burn the mortgage. Now, that's all around, turning us into a bedroom com­ something to look forward to!" JOHN HUNT: AN ARDENT munity as well.'' CONSERVATIVE It is this mixture-the hard hats and the inner-city blacks, the conservative home­ owners with roots dating back to the Rev­ NATIONAL FARMERS UNION VIEWS HON. GEORGE A. GOODLING olutionary War and the young college stu­ ON TRADE POLICY OF PENNSYLVANIA dents and couples with more-liberal philos­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ophies-that have both challenged and threatened Mr. Hunt's position. Monday, March 18, 1974 HON. JOHN C. CULVER CLEAR-CUT STANDS Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, in these OF IOWA His stands on the issues of the day, Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES days when the rating of the Congress has Hunt will tell you, are well formulated and degenerated to an all-time low, it is re­ clear cut. And, in the same manner that Monday, March 18, 1974 freshing to read an article in one of our his orders to his Congressional assistants Mr. CULVER. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ prominent papers setting forth the vir­ are conveyed in clipped no-nonsense mili­ tary fashion so are his opinions on current tional Farmers Union has long been ac­ tues of one of our colleagues. tive in promoting international coopera­ is issues: He not a shrinking violet by any "I don't care about a person's politics. tion in agricultural trade, which provides stretch of the imagination, nor does he Everyone should be heard, regardless. But so much positive input to our overall swing back and forth like a pendulum. I have no time for militancy or for people balance of trade and payments. He is on one side or the other and it who are obnoxious instead of being respect­ The NFU is fearful that current ad­ never becomes necessary to turn up one's ful.'' ministration policies may be moving in hearing aid to learn where he stands. "I'm for neighborhood schools. I don't care the wrong direction, away from rather You may not agree with him but prepare if people are white, black, pink or green, as long as they are honest and forthright. Some than toward international economic co­ to defend your position if you disagree. operation. This concern has been set I commend for your reading the article of my best friends are Chinese, and I've grown up with the colored population. That's a lot forth most recently in an addr~s by on Congressman JoHN HuNT that ap­ more than I can say about some of those Robert J. Lewis, national secretary of peared in the March 3 edition of the phony liberals who talk out of both sides the Farmers Union, which I am inserting of their mouths." New York Times: in the RECORD at the close of my remarks. (From the New York Times, Mar. 3, 1974] "We've got to maintain a strong defense posture. (Mr. Hunt is a member of the House I do not happen to agree with each of JoHN HUNT: AN ARDENT CONSERVATIVE Armed Services Committee.] I don't want us the specific points and recommendations (By David C. Berliner) to be the policeman of the world-I want a in this speech. However, what is of under­ WooDBURY.-"When I first ran for sheriff volunteer army-but I always was, and stm lying significance to me is the continuing here in Gloucester County," John Hunt re- am, suspicious of the Russians. When I see recognition by the Farmers Union of the March 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7029 inescapable interdependence of a healthy demand as labor-intensive goods. A bigger EEC is a result. The governments of the nine U.S. farm economy with a healthy part or every dollar spent on imports of this countries, acting through the EEC, have world economy. "Beggar thy neighbor" kind of goods will return to buy farm prod­ determined that they will support the stand­ ucts in the U.S.A. than of dollars spent on ard of living of their farm families by main­ approaches will simply wind up beggar­ any other kind of imports. taining farm product prices at a level that ing ourselves. Yet the Nixon Administration is not con­ is approximately half-way between our farm The NFU endorses, as I have, the ef­ centrating on removing trade barriers against prices during the 1950's and 1960's and what forts by Secretary Kissinger to bring this kind of imports. On the contrary, the 100 per cent of our "parity" would be. about a reduction in world energy prices Administration has completed negotiation Europe and the EEC do not produce and a stabilization in the terms of energy of a "textile agreement" that will keep high enough food to meet all their needs. In a trade. The only alternative, a canni­ tariffs and quantitative restrictions on textile "free trade" situation, the price of imported and clothing products on a long-term basis. farm products would determine the domestic balistic competition for scarce resources So it's a mistake to think that the Nixon farm price level. Most of the time in the is a virus that would quickly spread to Administration's top priority is to make past, import prices would drag down Euro­ other sectors of our own and the world's changes in trade restrictions so as to help pean farm prices. The key feature in the economy. farmers. In the kind of trade liberalization farm price support system of the EEC, there­ In my own Subcommittee on Foreign that would do the most to expand demand fore, is a "variable duty" provision which is Economic Policy, we have recently com­ for U.S. farm products, the Nixon Admin­ calculated to bridge the gap between lower pleted a set of hearings on foreign di­ istration has put the interests of U.S. manu­ world market prices and the level at which rect investment in the United States. This facturers and labor ahead of the interests the EEC has decided to support its own of U.S. farmers and consumers, and has en­ farmers' prices. For example, if the EEC has given us a further insight into the tered into an elaborate "international com­ "support price" for wheat is $2.75, and the economic distortions that can be pro­ modity agreement" to protect these other price of imported wheat in European ports duced by isolationist actions such as the interests. is $2.00, the EEC will apply a duty on im­ export embargoes of last summer. Con­ Let's get back now to the Nixon Admin­ ported wheat equal to the 75 cents difference structive alternatives must be developed, istration's policy. The easiest tarur barriers plus a margin of safety of another dime or so. and I am pleased to see the Farmers were pretty well disposed of by the "Kennedy This means it would be economically Union support for a system of world Round." The really tough ones, which are unfeasible for anyone in the EEC to buy most important to American farmers have Canadian or American wheat until prac­ food reserves as one alternative. been put "off limits," by the Textile Agree­ As tically all of the European farmers' wheat we pursue these matters, we must ment. The new trade negotiations, therefore, had been sold at the support price or there­ bear in mind that this country's farmers are expected to concentrate on eliminating abouts. have a vital stake in U.S. international or reducing "non-tariff barriers" to trade. Well, what's wrong with that? trade and economic policy. I therefore In the professional lingo, these are called The Farmers Union thinks that's a pretty invite my colleagues to acquaint them­ "NTB's." good system. We have recommended that selves with the perspectives of the Na­ One kind of NTB is "quantitative restric­ the same kind of thing be adopted here in tional Farmers Union. tions" on imports. The quotas on imports the U.S.A. for dairy products, wheat, and of dairy products are an example. Our quotas cotton. We're ready to recommend it for The address follows: represent absolute limitations on the quan­ American agriculture generally. VIEWS ON THE PRESENT U.S. AGRICULTURAL tity of cheese, or dry milk, or wheat, that For dairy products, for example, we recom­ TRADE SITUATION AND THE NIXON .ADMINIS­ can be imported into the U.S.A. each year. mend that a variable duty be applied against TRATION TRADE POLICIES So these are among the prime targets for any imported dairy products so that the im­ (Statement by Robert G. Lewis, National elimination in the forthcoming trade nego­ t iations. porter would have to pay the difference be­ Secretary of the Farmers Union) tween 110 per cent of parity and the cost of In my view, the Nixon Administration's Another kind of NTB is quality restrict­ the product in international trade. This trade policies are profoundly wrong. But be­ tions. Sanitation requirements are one exam­ would make it practically unfeasible for any fore elaborating on and defending this view, ple. Many of the quality restrictions can be imported dairy products to enter the U.S. I shall try to describe what the Nixon Ad­ defended as necessary or desirable to pro­ while American dairy farmers are getting ministration's agricultural trade policy ap­ tect consumers. But some are only a dodge prices lower than parity for their milk. But pears to be. to stop trade, to keep out foreign goods from if there should be a shortage, then consumers "Trade liberalization" is the baste theme !COmpeting with domestic production. So would be assured of free access to imported expressed by Administration spokesmen to quality restrictions will be on the griddle supplies without restriction, at prices of characterize their goals. "Trade liberaliza­ for close scrutiny in the forthcoming trade around 110 per cent of parity. negotiations. tion" is a familiar term, generally meaning - This "variable duty system" seems to us to remove obstacles to the exchange of goods I want to digress again to point out a better way to make our farm price support across national boundaries. another curious thing about the Nixon Ad­ programs workable than the quantitative re­ The simplest and most direct obstacles are ministration's trade policy. You Wisconsin strictions that we now have. We've found, tarurs-taxes levied at the border by Coun­ dairy farmers operate under very strict qual­ in the case of dairy products particularly, try "A" to make competing goods from Coun­ ity restrictions right in your own home mar­ that our present system is both too rigid, try .. B" and all other countries more ex­ ket. But the dairy farmers in other countries and too loose. It takes months of the Tariff pensive to buy within Country "A". These who produce the imports that are com­ Commission's time and a. Presidential Proc­ taritfs may make the other countries' goods peting with you and depressing your prices lamation to let in a little wheat if we should less competitive, or they may price other right at this hour don•t have to cope with have a shortage in this country, and even countries' goods out of the market alt ogether. the same quality restrictions that you do. more time and bother to shut it out again Either way, they give a measure of "protec­ Wisconsin Congressman Dave Obey has in­ if imports begin to burden the price support tion" to the producers of the goods within troduced a bill that would put you and your system. Yet the import quotas are con­ Country "A". This "protection" makes it pos­ foreign competitors on an even footing. tinually being evaded by phony butter-sugar sible to maintain higher prices for domestic His bill would require foreign dairy farms, concoctions and mislabeled "Monterey producers than would be possible if lower­ and dairy plants, to satisfy the same sanita­ cheese" and other shenanigans, as we've priced foreign goods could compete freely. tion standards as those in the U.S. before learned in the dairy industry. That's why tariffs are called "protectionist". their products could be sold in our market. The Nixon Administration has not given en­ Surely if we're going to have a price sup­ The "Kennedy Round" of trade negotia­ port system for American farmers, we've got tions in the 1960's resulted in sharp reduc­ couragement to that bill. It will be interest­ ing to see whether they will advocate either to have some way to preven t low-priced im­ tions in the tarurs remaining in effect on ports from coming into the country and bog­ most kinds of goods after about 2'5 years that this "NTB" against American dairy farmers in their own home market be lifted, ging it down. There's no way to avoid it­ of reductions under the Reciprocal Trade excepting by supporting the entire world Act. or that the same "NTB '' be applied against their overseas competitors. market. This variable duty system is an ef­ By now the "easiest" tariff barriers are fective and capable piece of machinery for pretty well down. Most of those that remain Another kind of NTB is the "variable duty" making a price support system work smooth­ at high levels are of great importance to system of the nine-nation European Eco­ ly and well. There is no reasonable argumen t f armers in the United States, but the Nixon nomic Community. This one deserves special against a variable duty system as being at Administration isn't doing much about them. attention. The "variable duty" system is the least as good, and probably better than any­ These are the tariffs and other trade bar­ prime t arget of the Nixon Administration's thing else that could be devised, for getting riers that are imposed against labor-intensive entire trade policy. What's it all about? the job done--if there i s a gen uine commi t­ goods-things like textiles, apparel, shoes, The EEC countries are sympathetic to their ment to making the price su ppor t syst em an d ot her things that require a lot of labor farmers. Farmers comprise two or more times really work. But that's ju st t he rub. That's to produce. These are of great importance the proportion of the total populations in precisely why the variable dut y system is the t o farmers, because most of the money that most of the nine countries that they do in main target of the Nixon Administration's is spent for labor-intensive goods creates the U .S. There are other reasons as well for trade negotiating policy. For what the Nixon pur chasing power tor food. Machines don't this public sympathy for farmers in the Administration really means by the code word eat farm products, and machine-made goods European countries, which I won't go into "trade liberalization" is war against the price don't generate nearly as much food-buying now. The Common Agricultural Policy of the support programs of the European farmers. 7030 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1974 The goal is to force down European grain out to be the beneficiaries of the Admin­ we ran into bad weather or emergencies or prices, and drive European farmers off their istration's agricultural trade policies don't natural disasters of one kind or another. farms and out of production, so that cheap feel much better about it than you do about Year:..in and year-out, our reserves of feed American grain can take over their markets. the honor of being its prime victims. grains have helped to stabilize your dairy Don't think that I came to Stevens Point Year-in and year-out, wheat farmers 111 feed costs, and to protect you against the to make a defense for European farmers. My the United States get lower prices for their kind of .squeeze y~u·re now going through. real interest is in what it means to farmers wheat than the producers of 80 per cent of From time to time, we have had to enable in the U.S.A. The point of the Nixon Ad­ all the wheat grown on earth. · American farmers to work together, through acreage ministration's so-called trade policy is aimed farmers are among the very lowest-paid in allotments and marketing quotas and volun­ to strike much closer to home. The Nixon Ad­ the world. Yet the Nixon Administration's tary programs, to check production when ministration is against farm price supports policy has been to drive down the price of supplies began to out-run all conceivable anywhe1·e and everywhere-and probably wheat and other agricultural exports in the uses. We may very well need to do the same mor e her e in Wisconsin than even in Hol­ world market. Wheat prices were kept arti­ again, some day. land and France. "Trade liberalization" in the ficially low in the world market for the Rus­ We'd better not be too quick to turn our 1970's is the same old enmit y against farm sians, at a cost of $300 million to U.S. tax­ backs on the past 40 years of experience and price support and stabilization programs that payers in direct subsidies. Additional hun­ the farm programs and the economic phi• farmers have had to contend against ever dreds of millions of dollars were lost to U.S. losophy that grew out of it. since the first beginnings of the agricultural farmers and our balance of payments for The worst thing about what Mr. Butz is recovery from the Great Depression 40 years under-price wheat sold for three years after saying is the implication that all that's been ago. the Nixon Adm inistration torpedoed the In­ necessary all along is to take off the farm Ask n ot for whom the bell tolls, my friends. ternational Grains Agreement in 1969, program wraps and turn farmers loose "to It tolls not alone for the farmers in England, shortly aft er taking office. produce all we can". Mr. Butz seems to imply and Belgium, and Germany, and the other As for the future, grain and soybean farm­ that this is all the farm policy that's needed countries over the sea; it tolls for thee. ers had better not count on today's prices from now on-to free the farmers "to produce Do you doubt it? Well, let"s look at the lasting forever. And there's nothing that's all we can". record: more discouraging about future prospects You dairy farmers know better than that. The Nixon Administration has held dairy than the explanations of Secretary Butz him­ Your fathers didn't have any "irksome pro­ price supports down to the lowest level per­ self about how today's high grain prices hap­ duction controls" when they were being mitted by law, notwithstanding that dairy pened, because what he says is out-of-touch crushed by the Depression of the 1930's. And farmers' present adversities and uncertainty with reality for one reason or another. you didn't either in the 1950's, nor in the about the future have led to the worst milk Mr. Butz has been proclaiming, in speech 1960's, when low prices drove over half of shortage in a generation; after speech, that the farm price support and your neighbors out of the dairy business. Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz recom­ stabilization programs that have been de­ Most of you I'm sure know very well that mended to the Committees on Agriculture of veloped in this country since the Depression simply getting rid of "artificial price props" both House and Senate that the 75 per cent of the 1930's are, and here I quote directly, as well as being free "to produce all we can" of parity minimum price support floor for "40 years of wandering through the wilder­ wouldn't have brought you to the Promised dairy products be abolished, so that dairy ness of artificial price props and irksome Land. supports could be reduced even further, or production controls". Invoking the names of I think the truth of the matter is that the eliminated completely; Moses, Mr. Butz recalls that "it took the Land is Promised to somebody else, not to President Nixon, in his farm message just Chosen People 40 years to break out of bond­ farmers. I think the game is to strip away a year ago, asked Congress to eliminate the age and find their way to the Promised farm price support protection for American dairy price support program within three Land". And then he promises, with supTeme farmers, as well as other world farmers, so years; confidence: "Today the promised land for that when the "bust" comes, as it very well On the recommendation of Secretary Butz, agriculture is near at hand." might, the food processors and commodity President Nixon has opened up the nation's I'm skeptical. Lots of farmers are skepti­ traders won't have government price support quotas to the all-time record of nearly four cal. I'm even more skeptical when I hear programs getting in their way. This is their billion pounds of milk equivalent in imported Mr. Butz' claims for what brought this all game-the game of the international com­ dairy products with the expressed purpose of about: modity traders and food processors--they putting a damper on milk prices; Mr. Butz would like us to think that the profiteer on the farmers in times of "bust" Only last week, in his statement to the Nixon Administration's farm policies made and they profiteer on the consumers in times House Committee on Agriculture about new the agricultural boom. I quote him again: of "boom" and they don't want interference sugar legislation, Secretary Butz declared, "The change began ... under the three-year from price supports and supply management "It is now time .to consider the elimination Agricultural Act of 1970 ..• whereby Con­ and an "ever-normal granary" food reserve of all farm payments." gress and the Administration created a re­ system. It seems to me that record should make freshingly favorable climate within which This is the first thing that's fundamen­ Wisconsin dairy farmers feel something less farmers could react to market signals to pro­ tally wrong with the Nixon Administration's than comfortable. duce the crops needed at home and abroad." trade policy. It's really a policy against farm But that's only half of it. Wisconsin dairy "It was a break with the past-a change price support, not for expansion of trade. farmers have been singled out, in the Flani­ from the philosophy of scarcity to the phi­ . The second tthing that's fundamentally gan and Atlantic Council reports, for the losophy of plenty," Mr. Butz explains. wrong with the Nixon Administration's trade honor of being the sacrificial goats to be "For more than 40 years," says Mr. Butz, policy is that it works against the things traded away for the Administration's ambi­ "we have operated in an atmosphere of cur­ that really cause demand for food in the tions to take over the European farmers' mar­ tailment. In one form or another, our public world to expand. ket for grains. policies and programs have been largely de­ It's a policy that concentrates on the hole, Tony Dechant, the national president of signed to hold down production or dispose instead of the doughnut. the Farmers Union, told Secretary Butz last of surpluses." Just take a realistic look at where the week that many dairy farmers think his Well, let's stop, look, and listen before we agricultural export boom of today came from. deeds correspond to what the Atlantic Coun­ accept this kind of explanation. In the first It didn't happen, as Mr. Butz seems to say, cil report recommends. Tony gave the Secre­ place, what Mr. Butz says about 40 years of because the Agricultural Act of 1970 turned tary all the encouragement he could to try to farm programs simply is not true. farmers loose "to produce all we can". prove that conclusion is wrong. And it didn't come about either by wreck­ We have had a reasonably well-managed ing other farmers' price support programs The Atlantic Council report is the one that abundance of food and fiber in America, not recommends that price supports on manu­ and driving down their prices and forcing a "philosophy of scarcity," as Mr. Butz calls them out of produotion and taking their facturing milk should be cut, so that manu­ it. Our American people have had more and facturing milk producers will go out of busi­ markets away. better food to eat, for lower prices, than any Today•s farm boom is the direct result of ness and let foreign imports take over their great nation in the history of the world. markets. In the meantime, it recommends, a generation of positive international eco­ the dairy farmers in other sections of the Mr. Butz says, "For the first time in 40 nomic cooperation, led by the U.S.A. country should keep their high prices under years, we are being challenged to produce all It was started by the Marshall Plan, right the milk marketing orders. we can-instead of being threatened not to after World War II. That recommendation, as well as the Flan­ produce too much." It was given a powerful impetus by the for­ igan report, should have been blown out of That's simply not so. Anyone who can re­ mation and progress of the European Eco­ the tub for all-time by the analysis that member World War II, and the threatened nomic Community, which touched off the was made by Professor Truman Graf of the famine in Europe and Japan afterwards, and greatest explosion of prosperity in Western University of Wisconsin's Madison Campus. the Korean emergency, and the famine in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin that I strongly recommend to everyone who India in the mid-1960's, and the aftermath part of the world has ever seen. hasn't read it to write for a copy. Unfortu­ of the corn leaf blight of 1970 for that mat­ It was given further impetus by the Food nately, the Administration seems not to have ter, knows that's just not so. for Peace Program, which taught the people noticed, for it is still following their general We have had an "ever normal granary" of Japan to eat American wheat and to drink direction. for most of the past 40 years. Our reserves American milk and to raise chicken meat on I hope it will console you manufacturing of storable fa.rm commodities have saved American corn and soybeans. Later the proc­ milk producers to knQ!W that some of the this nation's neck half a dozen times, and ess was repeated in Korea and Taiwan and grain and soybean farmers who were singled millions of human lives in the process, when other countries of Asia and South America March 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7031 and Africa. Soon what started as famine re­ tan international sugar agreement, and others beth F. Glorio, Joan Bartlett, Yola Leinart, lief advanced to sales for soft currencies rmaz, Patricia N. Knox, Eliza- [FR Doc.74-3046 Filed 2-5-74;8:45 am] 7032 EXTENSIONS OF-REMARKS- March 18, :1974 THOUSANDS PROTEST SSI to the :floor of the House, I intend to offer The State of Utah is equalized with 28 an amendment to title III, the title deal­ mills for maintenance and operation, ing with payments to federally impacted which guarantees a certain minimum ex­ HON. BELLA S. ABZUG school districts. It is my understanding penditure per pupil and a minimum local OF NEW YORK that the rule under which this legislation tax rate. There is an additional 10 mill IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES comes to the floor requires only that voted local leeway that is partially equal­ Monday, March 18, 1974 amendments to title I be printed in ad­ ized. vance in the RECORD. However, as a con­ The remaining funds that go into the Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, thousands venience to my colleagues, I am taking basic education program, the capital out­ of blind, elderly, and disabled men and this opportunity to set forth the text of lay program, and the voted leeway pro­ women are suffering extreme hardships gram are not equalized. Thus, there are due to the extraordinarily poor imple­ my amendment ann its purpose: AMENDMENT TO H.R. 69, AS REPORTED serious disparities in expenditures per mentation of the SSI program by the pupil from district to district, with the Social Security Administration. The Page 87, beginning with line 18, strike out everything after "provides" down through wealthier districts providing the highest New York Times ran an article on "resources" in line 19, and insert in lieu per pupil expenditure. Districts with low­ Saturday reporting on a demonstration, thereof "for complete equalization of all local er assessed valuations have to make a held last Friday, organized by many of resources on the same support level." greater tax effort to generate enough these men and women, to protest this money to educate their students, whereas unfair treatment. I believe this article, Mr. Speaker, I offer my amendment to correct what I consider to be a problem in districts with greater assessed valua­ will be of interest to the other Members tion, a more modest tax effort will gen­ of Congress and the general public: with the way in which section 304 of H.R. 69 now is written. Section 304 erate sufficient funds. A 1 mill increase THE ELDERLY AND DISABLED PROTEST NEW U.S. addresses itself to certain problems in in the voted leeway raises anywhere from PROGRAM the relationship between Public Law 874 $3.32 per pupil in Davis County and (By Bar"';>ara Campbell) payments made to local districts, and $3.84 in Weber County, to $9.95 in Jordan More than 2,000 disabled and elderly peo­ State education equalization formulas. and $11.55 in Salt Lake City. The aver­ ple held a rally yesterday in the auditorium However, not all equalization formulas age for the State is $6.24 per pupil raised at Pace College here to demand emergency through a 1 mill increase on the voted funds because, they contended, a new Fed­ do, in fact, equalize. The bill as written, er 1 assistance program is not working. is too vague to distinguish between leeway. The districts of Jordan and Salt They said that many of them were hungry those State formulas that provide com­ Lake do not receive much from Public and afraid they could r :>t pay their rent. plete equalization of education, and those Law 874, but have the opportunity of Representative Bella S. Abzug, part of a that provide only partial equalization~ raising a substantial amount of money Congressional delegation investigating the Because of this deficiency in wording, I through a mill levY, whereas Davis and Federal Supplemental Security Income pro­ Weber counties, both heavily impacted, gram, which replaced local welfare payments believe the commendable purpose for which Public Law 874 was amended will do not have the same opportunity. to the elderly, the blind and the disabled, is, called the program a "bureaucratic night­ not be served. The point the school finance system mare" and a "tragedy for thousands of its I believe we will see confusion in State in the State of Utah, while being a fine intended beneficiaries." and local governments, and I believe we and progressive system, is only partially ARE WE A STIGMA? may see some local districts wrongfully equalized. It is not equalized according Mrs. Abzug, who was received warmly by deprived of Public Law 874 moneys which to assessed valuation, that is, local re­ the crowd-she remained during the entire the Congress intended should go to them. sources. It would be an injustice in such two-hour rally-said she had introduced Section 304 of H.R. 69, as reported, a situation to remove Public Law 874 four bills to help "alleviate the problems provides that-- moneys from the impacted districts with plaguing the operation." low assessed valuation and distribute Since the program began, elderly, disabled Payments under this title to local educa­ them throughout the State. To insure and blind people have had to stand in long tional agencies in any State may be con­ that this does not happen in my State lines in front of Social Security offices, have sidered as local resources ... in computations received checks in the wrong amounts or under a State equalization formula ... if, as and in other States where State aid to have received no checks at all. To many, determined by the Secretary, such formula education is only partially equalized, I the supplement represents a substantial provides appropriate recognition of the rela­ offer my amendment. part of their income. tive tax resources per child to be educated I believe my amendment provides a "How are we older people going to survive? which are available to the local educational better definition of equalization and asked Bella Cutler, who spoke from the floor agencies. clarifies congressional intent-rather of the auditorium. "We built this beautiful than leaving important determinations city, our children fought in the wars and I agree with the intent of this some did not come back. Don't we deserve amendment. In States that have equal­ to the discretion of the Secretary of to live in dignity?" ization of school finance, Public Law 874 Health, Education, and Welfare. I hope "As I look around," said another woman moneys which come to the local school my colleagues will join in support of this from one of the more than 80 different or­ district can cause the State formula .to amendment. ganizations for the elderly at the rally, "I be thrown off balance; it can actually feel ashamed that we have to come here result in disequalization of school finance. and beg .and plead. Are we a stigma on A SEASONAL RENEWAL society? Is it a sin to be crippled?" In such cases, it is appropriate that the In a news conference held backstage be­ State be allowed to consider Public Law fore the rally, Mrs. Abzug said she would 874 payments in computing State aid. HON. J. EDWARD ROUSH also call for a rent-increase exemption from However, as others have pointed out OF INDIANA the city for those receiving Supplemental recently, the wording of section 304 is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Security Income, an immediate end to the too vague, leaving room for considerable reductions in Federal payments and an ac­ Monday, March 18, 1974 celeration of "efforts by the Federal Gov­ difference of opinion on what constitutes ernment to locate additional persons who an equalization formula, and what con­ Mr. ROUSH. Mr. Speaker, almost ex­ would be eligible for S.S.I. benefits... stitutes "appropriate recognition" of actly a year ago I reported to the Mem­ Bronx Borough President Robert Abrams relative tax resources. I have had indi­ bers of the House of Representatives on and Representative Edward T. Koch also cations already that this vagueness may a trip I made to the Congress Heights took part in the news conference. lead to disputes between local school dis ... section of the District of Columbia. I tricts and State education agencies, and went to learn more about this Federal may even lead to court action. City, particularly the often-forgotten AMENDMENT TO H.R. 69 Many States have moved ahead with area of Anacostia across the river. I some equalization of their school fi­ hoped to increase by knowledge because HON. GUNN McKAY nances. In a number of these States, cer­ I had recently become a member of the OF UTAH tain programs are equalized but the total District of Columbia Subcommittee of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES school program is not equal. In these House Appropriations Committee. States, it is inappropriate that the local Back in March of 1973 I reported on Monday, March 18, 1974 school districts which receive Public Law my visit to a community group then Mr. McKAY. Mr. Speaker, when H.R. 874 funds and rely on them should be housed in an office on Martin Luther 69, the long-awaited education bill, comes deprived of those funds. King, Jr., Avenue; in a recreation cen- March 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7033 ter at the Linda Pollin apartments; trict of Columbia school board who was If action does not soon take place, the in a special office with staff working enthusiastic about the promise of the insidious "French connection" will be out of rooms at Hart Junior High alternative education center as a model back in full swing, and addiction will School. The Mission of Community Con­ for the District. I spoke briefly about the again skyrocket in all the Harlems of cern is the name for this group of pro­ enthusiasm of all those associated with America. fessionals and volunteers who then pro­ the center and the significance of what The truth is that we are on a con­ vided and continue to provide special ed­ was being done there and I was followed frontation path with the newly elected ucational programs for dropouts and by Congressman FAUNTROY who delivered Government of Turkey. That Govern­ truants, students with special educa­ a moving "thank you" to all who had came to power only a few months ago, tional problems; also social services taken interest in making this center and ousting the military regime which origi­ reaching out to the families; athletic, its affiliates happen. Senator BIRCH BAYH, ally imposed the ban. This new Govern­ recreational, and enrichment facilities my colleague from Indiana, was back ment was elected through the support of for the more than 1,200 students regis­ home in Indiana, but he sent a telegram rural areas and it feels a commitment to tered at the Linda Pollin Center. All of of congratulations and best wishes along help the farmers by allowing poppy pro­ this, I was surprised to note, was being with his own praise for what has been duction. accomplished on a meager Federal fund­ accomplished by this dedicated group. The likelihood of this confrontation ing plus a great amount of donated serv­ Cosmo Williams, representing McDon­ has grown due to State Department ices, facilities, etc. I credited, as I con­ ald then gave the keys of the center to bungling. Until a week before our de­ tinue to, Father Shane MacCarthy, the Valentine Burroughs, social service di­ parture, Congressman WoLFF and I were president of the mission, with the finan­ rector and we feasted on McDonald's assured by the State Department that cial wizardry to accomplish all that was fried chicken, some of the best I have rumors of an end to the ban were sim­ being done. He is ably assisted by Will ever eaten. ply rumors, nothing more. That was not Hudgins, the executive director. At a time in our national history when true. We were allowed to believe that Last Friday I was honored to partici­ there is so much pessimism, frustration newspaper reports of a shift in Turkish pate in the opening of an additional fa­ about us, it is specially satisfying and policy were merely campaign rhetoric. cility for the mission. It was a Giant even healing to visit with people like That was not true. We were led to be­ Food Store, located at Atlantic and South those with whom I spent the day on Fri­ lieve by the State Department that the Capitol, SE., and Giant donated it to day. They are people who are interested Turkish Government was not seriously the mission. Then McDonald's offered to in the lives of children, and through considering lifting the opium poppy ban. refurbish and renovate. I think the phi­ those children reach into the lives of That, too, was not true. This misinfor­ losophy of both companies cogently put their parents, and their community. mation from the State Department-the by the McDonald's representative at Fri­ They give their all to this purpose, with very agency responsible for negotiating day's opening when he said they thought no financial reward, but with the reward international agreements-is jeopardiz­ it time businesses returned to the com­ of knowing that they are changing the ing the chance of successfully renegoti­ munity some of the money they made future for us all. They have my full re­ ating the American agreement to com­ there. spect and support. I find that each time pensate Turkey for ending poppy culti­ So Friday was a special day of cele­ I visit them I sense a renewal. I hope vation. bration. Now the mission can greatly that they will pass this on to our whole To further complicate this delicate expand the altlernative education pro­ community along with their interesting situation, American pharmaceutical gram they have commenced with 39 stu­ and valuable new program in alternative companies with visions of higher profits dents who need, and receive, special, in­ education, an adjunct to their youth have visited Turkey seeking an end to dividualized education. Education that services system. the ban. At the present time, however, does not rely on the textbooks they have India is producing legal opium for phar­ rejected or cannot use, but which uses maceutical use under the watchful eye daily materials, like newspapers, to begin DRUG TRIP TO TTJRKEY of the International Narcotics Control and expand their educational experience. Board. There is no valid medical need Some of these students are sent over by HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL for Turkish opium. the courts, some are referred from We are requesting meetings with the schools, others walk in off the streets. OF NEW YORK President and the Secretary of State to Here is an effort to not only salvage the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES discuss this most urgent problem. Per­ lives of these young people, but to offer Monday, March 18, 1974 sonal diplomacy by Secretary Kissinger a model throughout the city for alterna­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, Congress­ may be needed to insure that Turkey tive education. Ms. Sizemore, superin­ does not resume production of this dead­ man LESTER WOLFF and I have just re­ ly crop. tendent of education, was unable to be at turned from a 4-day trip to Turkey where the fonnal opening on Friday, but she we discussed the possible resumption of In view of the large amount of foreign had written me that she wished she could opium poppy production with high TUrk­ aid which Turkey receives from the be there and indicated her interest in ish officials. In our meetings with the United States, and in view of the re­ the alternative education center as well Foreign Minister and Members of Parlia­ quirement that aid be cut off to coun­ as her favorable impression with what ment, we expressed our deepest concern tries which do not adequately fight drug was underway there. over the potential deadly effects if TUr­ traffic, we believe that it is in the best Several hundred people went to the key once again permits opium cultiva­ interest of both countries to continue the ban on opium poppies. center on Friday to listen to the Hart tion. Junior High School band perform and It is clear that the ban, in full effect to enjoy the beautiful and inspiring since mid-1972, has reduced both the gospel chorus group from that same quantity and quality of heroin available WAYNE SHARP RECEIVES DE­ school. Following a benediction by the on the streets of America. In exchange SERVED RECOGNITION Rev. Aaron McCombs, pastor of Para­ for the ban, the United States agreed to mont Baptist Church, Father MacCarthy pay $35.7 million to compensate the introduced several who spoke briefly. Mr. TUrkish farmers and to encourage crop HON. 0. C. FISHER Michael Dana, special assistant to the substitution projects. Tragically, much of OF TEXAS Commissioner of the Office of Youth that money has not been turned over to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Services of HEW congratulated the mis­ Turkey yet and little of the money Monday, March 18, 1974 sion group on the new center and already paid has filtered down to the Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, Wayne brought the congratulations and kind Turkish farmers themselves. Sharp was recently selected to partici­ regards of Stan Thomas, Assistant Sec­ Following our conferences with Turk­ pate in the Federal executive develop­ retary, Office of Human Development, ish officials, we were assured that there ment program. His selection, along with Department of Health, Education, and will be no spring planting of poppies this 24 other Federal employees, culminated 'Velfare. HEW has been the principal year. But tinle is fast running out. Seeds a rigorous selection process. Tills was financial support of the mission. are being germinated on Government indeed a deserved and an outstanding Mr. Dana was followed by the Rev. fanns for possible use in the future, and recognition. Raymond Kemp, a member of the Dis- a fall planting is still a dangerous reality. I include a report on the selection of 7034 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, ·1974 Mr. Sharp, who is a resident of the dis­ did I take advantage o! any veterans' bene­ barely had men since it had gone from all trict I represent. The report follows: fits offered me. I worked mostly for mlllion­ women to co-ed only 2 years before. The aires maintaining their large estates with­ school had no running track, offered no WAYNE SHARP SELECTED FOR EXECUTIVE out any benefits such as: unemployment in­ DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM surance, no income taxes withheld, etc. track scholarships, and could not begin Wayne Sharp, Deputy Assist ant Adminis­ Incidentally, I was sick after learning that to finance a full-scale track program. trator for Foreign Commodity Analysis, and my government refused to sign into law the To develop a full track program, it former agricultural attache to Guatemala, unemployment insurance and withholding of would have cost St. Francis $60,000 for has been selected to participat e in the newly taxes and all during my working years I could scholarships, travel, and equipment plus created Federal Executive Development Pro­ not have enough money each month for taxes the price of building a running track. gram, sponsored by the OMB. due to the high cost of living, and come tax Mr. Brunick realized that the only way The program is a special year-long series time I was usually forced to a loan shark for of development experiences designed to ?re­ money to pay my taxes and forever in debt to beat the cost and still have the na­ pare the participants for executive assign­ all because of a few of your fellow colleagues tional caliber team he dreamed of was ments. The competitive, government-wide who refused to put the stamp of approval on to focus on a specialty no other college procedure for selection included supervisory laws protecting the scores of steadily em­ offered. The answer was a marathon appraisals, an asseflSment center exercise, and ployed domestics. I wish the government team. a t horough review of the employee's record. could force the rich to pay their share of Now, St. Francis offers five half­ Wayne is one of 25 Federal employees and taxes and less putting on $250,000 golf tour­ the only one from USDA select ed for the scholarships, travels first class all the naments, etc., maybe we would have to add way, and still only spends $12,000. Its program. to the back to help our veterans who gave Born in Dallas and raised on a ranch near their sweat, blood, etc., to make this country training ground consists of the roads and San Angelo, Texas, Wayne graduated from what it stands for. hills surrounding the campus and costs Texas A&M in 1962 with a B.S. degree in Just a year ago I was forced to quit my the school nothing. range management wit h a Ininor in eco­ work because of Chronic Pulmonary Emphy­ Although many collegiate distance pro­ nomics. He continued his education at Texas sema, arthritis, and bursitis. I applied for my grams have used marathons, none has A&M, and received an M.S. degree in agri­ Social Security and Veterans Pensions, since ever carried it to the point of making it cultural economics in 1964. While pursuing I had to drop my health insurance and life a varsity sport. Most coaches have op­ his master's degree, he received a Meritorious insurance due to the lack of funds and with Research Award from the American Agri­ unemployment insurance or state disability posed marathons and road races for fear cultural Economics Association for his mas­ which certainly would have helped me some­ they would detract from their indoor ter's thesis. In 1968, he was awarded his what pay my insurance premiums. I am track programs. As a result, a runner is Ph.D. in agricultural econoxnics from Michi­ grateful for the help they have given me, but lucky if he competes in one a season. gan State. the pension is far from enough to support Mr. Brunick believes there should be a Wayne first came to USDA in 1965 as an my ill wife and myself with my staggering place for the average distance runner agricultural economist for ERS. After com­ monthly medical bills which usually run who likes to run the roads and marathons pleting his doctorate, he returned to USDA about $100 a month which includes a Mark 7 in 1968, this time as an agricultural econ­ respirator, oxygen and medicine which I use but seldom gets the chance on a collegiate omist in FAS's Livestock and Meat Products 7 to 10 times daily. My wife and I reside in basis. His program. provides that place. Division. In 1970 he was named an attache to an apartment a stones' throw from the busy The program he designed begins with Guatemala. He returned from his post in Bay Shore Freeway with nothing but terrible a traditional cross-country season run­ September 1972 to assume duties as Deputy smog which is worsening my emphysema. ning from September to November. Then Assistant Adminlstra.tor. We had planned to move to the coast nearer instead of a track season, a new mara;. Wayne will begin initial training at the the ocean so I can breathe easier, but due to .thon season follows comprised of four Federal Executive Institute, Charlottesville, the very high rental fees am just trapped to Virginia, in early March. die here unless Congress gives we disabled marathons spaced out over a period from vets more money along with the proposed December to June. increase in Social Security. I see no reason In addition, Mr. Brunick launched a why veterans pensions couldn't equal Social new intercollegiate road racing season SOCIAL SECURITY CHECK IN­ Security payments which would really be a starting in January and continuing CREASE TRIGGERS VETERANS tremendous help. With alZ millionaires pay­ through March. Races are 5 to 15 miles BENEFIT DECREASE ing their fair share of taxes and less large 1ong and are scored like cross-country suxns of give away money to the rest of the meets. world I am quite sure there is enough money HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON for the financial means for the disabled and As many of my colleagues may know, OP MASSACFUUSETTS the poor. the first marathon was run in Greece in Thank you, Congressman, for taking your 490 B.C. and became a classic event. To­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES important time to read my letter, and also day, however, many experts feel that Monday, March 18~ 1974 to thank you once again for your support for marathon events in this country lack the the disabled veterans. quality and enthusiasm that this classic Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, re­ Sincerely yours, cently I introduced legislation, H.R. distance deserves. · ARTHER L. HOLTZBAUER. Coach Brunick's program, with its spe­ 12787, to prevent increases in m~nthly social security checks from decreasmg or cial appeal to small colleges like St. totally abolishing pension benefits for Francis, is already creating renewed veterans and their dependents. ST. FRANCIS COLLEGE MARATHON interest in marathons. Hopefully, his TEAM success will lead other colleges to special­ Immediate action must be taken to ize in this event and this classic will be guarantee recipients of veterans' pe?-:­ restored to its former place of esteem. sions that they will get both the soc1al The following editorial from "Runners security and veterans benefits we in Con­ HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN OF n..LINOIS World," the bible of distance fans, adds gress intended. It is cruel and unjust to substance to that hope: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES turn around and slap the veterans in the NEW SCHOOL OF ROAD RACING face with this legal loophole which is Monday, March 18, 1974 forcing them to consider and apply !or Innovation often comes from unexpect ed welfare to survive the crush of soanng Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, I am proud places-like tiny College of St. Francis 1n to announce that the College of St. J"oliet, Ill. This winter, the school's running prices. ~ coach Tom Brunick will add road racing as a The following letter, from a veteran Francis in my hometown of Joliet, m., varsity sport, in addition to the regular cross­ in Burlingame, Calif., is one of many I has produced the first collegiate mara­ country and track programs. have received from the concerned veter­ thon team in the United States. St. Francis will have a separate road team, ans of our Nation confronted by this The idea was conceived by Tom Bru­ thought to be the :first of its kind. Brunick nick, a 23-year-old rookie coach. In 1 says, "I know there have been other col­ critical situation. I would like to insert year it has won national recognition and legiate long distance running programs which in the RECORD at this time and urge those have used marathons, but none has ever gone of my colleagues not cosponsoring my has been hailed by the World Marathon Association as one of the "most innova­ so far as making road racing an intercol­ legislation to do so today. tive running programs in the country.'' legiate sport.'' The text follows: Brunick outlines his plans: DEAR CONGRESSMAN HARRINGTON: I am a Mr. Brunick's success is even more im­ "The program consists of the traditional vet eran of War II-having served 39 hard pressive if you consider the odds he faced cross-country season which runs from Sep­ mont hs of my healthier life during the Jap­ when he became coach in the fall of tember to mid-November. After that, we anese conflict . . . I returned to my former 1972. At that time, St. Francis had no will get into something entirely new. Instead occupation as landscape gardener, not once reputation in men's athletics. In fact, it of a t rack season, we will have a marathon March 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7035 season comprised of four marathons-North of things-to benefit both individual runners The impaction is not new, sudden, Central in December. St. Louis in March, and the schools' programs. Drake Relays in April and the NAIA cham­ In his article on college road racing Hig­ or overwhelming as the District of Co­ pionship in June. don made several suggestions. The first was lumbia as presently constituted was orig­ "We hllve set up a. period from Ja.nua.ry to spread the emphasis around, don't cen­ inally a part of the State of Maryland. through March in which we will take to the ter all the attention on the marathon it­ Every President of the United States roads against other colleges. .Races will be self, but give the other long distance a piece except the first one has resided in the 5-15 nliles, and will be scored like cross­ of the action. Then give road racing a season District and every Congress from the country meets." of its own. 7th to the 93d has met in Washington. The main reason for the new program the ••The next logical step, or perhaps con­ D.C. The huge growth of the Federal coach says, "is not to attract big names to current one," Higdon writes. "will be the the school or big publicity, but rather to development of road racing a third rate Government that has occurred through pr~vide a progz:am for the average distance sport, separate from cross-country or track the years has been of tremendous bene­ runner. the guy who likes to run the roads and :field. fit to Montgomery County rather than a but very seldom gets the chance when he's .. Word has it that the NCAA may schedule detriment. - in college.'' its inevitable marathon championship in De­ A table that I am submitting for the The idea's time has come. It was inevitable cember in a warm-climate state. This cer­ RECORD shows that Montgomery County. that colleges would sanction road racing tainly is preferable to tossing the race in Md., received more money from sections teams. To Tom Brunick's credit, it happened as an adjunct to the June track and field 2, 3, and 4 of Public Law 81-874 than to start at his school, and others are sure championships. But the December date to join. would cause NCAA road running to become did all the other 17 Montgomery coun­ Road training brought it on. College and merely a tack-on to its cross-country pro­ ties put together. Payments te local edu­ high school runners .have been training on gram." cation agencies cover the following the roads :!or years. Many of them have raced There are definite advantages of having items: there during the summer, and have either a road race attached to track championships, Section 2. Reduction in local revenue liked it better or found more success there mainly the team scoring aspect mentioned by reason of acquisition of real property than on the track. earller. Making the marathon an event-i'or­ by the United States. Cross-country is the common meeting points might break down lingering resistance ground for track and road racers. But the from coaches. Section 3. Education of children who winter :anti spring divide them again into But Higdon makes a good case for a win­ reside on Federal property or reside with short or long. Until recently, student-runners ter-early spring season. He says, "I think an a parent employed on Federal p1·operty. have had to go shorter to stay with their NCAA marathon championship might more Section 4. Sudden and substantial in­ teams or longer and leave them. logically come in early spring as a climax creases in the number of pupils in aver­ The runners at Fullerton State faced that to a winter of outdoor road racing. There are age daily attendance as a direct result choice last year. They had won the NCAA several reasons for this. of activities of the United States carried college division cross-country championship. "One is that racing more than two miles Three of the best runners preferred road on a small indoor track is an act of in­ on directly or through a contractor. racing to track. Doug Schmenk and Dave sanity. It not only causes blisters, but also Payments for financial assistance to White had run 2:17 marathons, and Mark boredom. Second, it is difficult, if not im­ local education agencies for the educa­ Covert was just over 2:20. possible, to achieve the volume necessary tion of low-income families, while a part Schmenk, now the AAU marathon cham­ i'or success as a long distance runner totally of Public Law 81-874, are not included pion, said in the July '73 RW, "The coach while remaining indoors. The risk of injury in the above-mentioned table. doesn't dig this marathoning. He compll­ from running constantly around in circles Mr. Speaker, if there was ever a Fed­ mented our 2;17s with the infamous quote, far exceeds the risk of frostbite." eral program which needed overhauling '2: 17 doesn't score points at the nationals.' Regardless of :final format, we have to start But our success lies in the marathon, so that by lobbying for road races as collegiate it is the impacted aid program. must be the direction we take." championships. The teams like St. Francis' The table follows: will follow, with full-scale programs (encom­ Such resistance from coaches, though TABLE crudely stated, is understandable. They don't passing all distances above six miles) lasting want to lose their most effective point scorers. a full season (at le.ast the winter and early If they feel that way, though, there's a simple spring). 'Net Net Then we start working on the high payment payment solution. Make the marathon (or other short­ final estimated er road races~ scoring events, held in connec­ schools ••• County 1970-11 1971-72 ticm with big track meets. The small-college NAIA already had done Montgomery County, Ala______$794,978 $909 688 that. The marathon has been part of that ''IMPACTED" AID NEEDS Montgomery County, Ark______30,640 3i 053 group's national meet for two years now. Tom OVERHAULING Brunick's St. Francis runners will be racing there next spring at the end of their road running season. ~iE*Montgomery i~~~County, ~=~~~~~:::~::~~~:~:~::::~~~~~=~~~Kans______51,480 42 403:: HON. HAROLD R. COLLIER Montgomery County, Ky ______, 14,297 14:754 The NCAA hasn't yet come around, but this Montgomery County, Md ______, 598, 947 6, 289 767 OF ILLINOIS 5, is not to imply that the coaches in that orga­ ~ontgomery County, Miss ____ ------~- __ nization are against the idea. They have been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ontgomery County, Mo------­ talking !.or three years o! :adding a national Montgomery County, N.Y______39,384 34 865 Monday, March 18, 1974 Montgomery County, N.C ______---~--- collegiate marathon championship. Montgomery County, Ohio______2, 791,877 2, 933,951 Hal Higdon thinks all the college cham­ Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, for all Montgomery County, Pa______262, 810 243,009 Montgomery County, Tenn______417,205 519 072 pionships will soon have road races. "This practical purposes Montgomery County, Montgomery County, Tex __ :..______38, 444 45' 105 will come about not through pressure from Md., has the highest median household Montgomery County, Va______150,642 156; 115 coaches with axes to grind,.. he writes in a income among the United States' ap­ college coaching journal. "but as a natural TotaL ______10,250,704 11,220,783 proximately '3,000 counties. Its figure of Montgomery Co!lllty, M!L______.5, 598,.947 6, 289,7.65 recogniti~n that this is where a lot of our $16/708 is exceeded only by Hinsdale runners are already at... Remaining 17 counties______4, 651, 757 4, 931, 016 Once the NCAA gives its blessing, look out County, Colo. Montgomery County has established older road racers! Young students 522,809 people and Hinsdale County only usually train more than older specialists, 203-1970 census figures-so the Mary­ have more basic speed, more free time, and land a.rea is, indeed, the most prosperous THE PRESIDENT OF THE POLISH less fear or distance and pace because o! their in the Nation. AMERICAN CONGRESS DECLARES background and youth. 'Its :figure is so high primarily because THE PRINCIPAL AIM OF .POLONIA It shouldn•t be long before the national thousands of well-paid Federal em­ TO BE POLISH INDEPENDENCE collegiate rulers go with the tide. The USTFF, ployees live there, our National Capital an appendage of the big colleges, has held a having been right next door to it since marathon for several years now-the most re­ HON. JACK F. KEMP cent one in Wichita, Kans., in June. The col­ 1800. Despite the proximity which has lege-oriented Drake and Kansas Relays have attracted such amuent people, who con­ OF NEW YORK had marathons. too. And the Penn and Kan­ tribute substantially to the tax coffers of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sas Relay meets joined the trend. the county and its numerous local gov­ Monday, March 18, 1974 The change, for the most part, is evolving ernments, Montgomery County receives peacefully and quickly. The main problem millions of dollars additionally each year Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker. in a speech has been how to fit this healthy and growing because it has been designated as an delivered on September 16, 1973, before adopted child into the small overall scheme impacted area. the Dlinois division of the Polish Amer- C:XX-443-Part 5 7036 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1974 ican Congress on the occasion of the an­ the State Department treat the matter ser­ GAS CRISIS FORCING LAYOFFS AT BLACK niversary of the Soviet Union's 1929 in­ iously and favorably. DEALERS' STATIONS vasion of Poland, Mr. Aloysius A. Ma­ We would achieve more, if in the most (By Ernest M. Pharr) important matters we would speak with one Gasoline prices continue to skyrocket, deal­ zewski, president of the Polish American voice, if we would not fritter energy and Congress, discussed the Polish American ers are getting about a third less allotments means away. It is not a question of unanim­ than a year ago, station hours are much communities' attitudes toward the Polish ity of opinion, which would be as danger­ shorter, consumers may be paying 65 cents a nation, as opposed to the Communist ous as anarchy. We can differ in the selec­ gallon for regular by May.... Government of Poland. tions of ways and methods. However, when a And the situation has- forced layoffs at the The Polish American Congress is a majority reaches a decision, we should con­ 134 stations currently operated by Blacks in highly influential organization among form to that decision, even if it is contrary Atlanta. (The number of stations operat ed Americans of Polish heritage. We can all to our personal viewpoint. by Blacks was higher a year ago but, since We rejoice in any improvements in Po­ summer '73, several dozen that were in oper­ be proud of the outstanding work ren­ land, no matter how small. But we may not dered by this organization. ation are now only "shells.") forget our principal aim-independence. Be­ One Southwest Atlanta owner, out of gas The position expounded by President fore we attain it, our obligation is to facili­ for about four days in December and a week Mazewski is particularly relevant at this tate the survival of the nation. There a.re before the end of Febt·uary, told the Inquirer time, due to the significant increase in different ways to accomplish this: individual he has had to lay off some on his evening exchange between the United States and and group help, commercial and cultural shift (three persons) and two of six at his Poland, both on the official and the peo­ exchange, tourism, etc. Those are important auto parts business "and they haven't been means, but the most important is pressure able to find employment yet." ple-to-people levels. President Ma­ brought to bear on the Warsaw regime to zewski's speech constitutes an important Open 16 and a half hours before the force concessions for the Polish people. ·For "crisis," the owner is now open for about 11 statement, one which should be seriously instance: consent for more churches in new hours "and, for March, 74, I'm getting only 63 studied by all Americans, irrespective of suburbs; relaxed censorship of the press per cent of the gas I got a year ago. We've descent and heritage. and publishing houses; no inteference in been cut 37 per cent." I commend excerpts of his speech to the religious education of young people; That owner, like so many others, is limiting the attention of all my colleagues, par­ maintenance of historical monuments and all his customers to $5 purchases. Some art treasures; rescue from destruction and others have $3 limits and almost everybody ticularly the members of the distin­ return to the people of the famous Raclawice guished Committee on Foreign Affairs. with post-1972 cars is scrambling for regular Panorama, which decays in a cellar; discon­ gas, at current prices of 53.9 for regular, 57.9 Excerpts from the speech follow: tinued censorship of letters and lowering of for premium. One Monroe Drive independent, TOWARDS THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE PoLISH the duty on parcels from abroad. open last Sunday, was selling premium for 63 NATION The national temperament and tradition cents and regular for 57. (By Aloysius A. Mazewski) did not adapt us to arduous, everyday work. Some dealers say Atlantans will "probably" During its tragic yet glorious history, the We prefer heroic deeds, after which we rest be paying 65 cents a gallon for regular Polish nation became hardened and devel­ on our laurels. But the time for heroism by May, but speculate the price may "go down oped effective tools to fight for its very exis­ and holocaust is passed. What is left to us a little" this summer with less need for heat­ tence. One of the most important of them is is hard work without quick results and ing fuel and an expected end to the Arab emigration, which became a national institu­ brilliant successes. We must do it, however. embargo. But, don't expect to see the 35 cents tion. Being beyond the reach of the occupy­ The Polish nation which waits and watches a gallon again. ing and partitioning powers the emigration expects it from us. IT'S ROUGH speaks to the world on matters about which We must be victorious in the fight for Frank Monteith, who operates a 24-hour the captive nation must remain silent. Thus, independence and we will. Gulf station (no gas on Sundays) at I-20 and consecutive emigrations became the "soul" Hill Street and who is president of the Metro of the nation. Atlanta Service Station Dealers Association, This division of purposes remains valid, said his group will take a look at the unem­ since even though we can visit our relatives JOBS AND THE "ENERGY CRISIS": ployment situation when they meet Sunday. in Poland, the country is not independent. TWO EXAMPLES OF IMPACT Dealers, he said, have had to cut back on The Polish nation does not decide matters help "because you're pumping gas all the affecting its life; it has no influence on the time and there's little time for other services. foreign policy and alliances which are made We provide employment for people-ex-cons, in its name by a government named by the HON. ANDREW YOUNG the unskilled-who can't get jobs other Moscow-controlled Politburo of the Commu­ OF GEORGIA places. They're going to be the first people nist Party. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to commit crimes to make a living. There are those who insist that by speak­ "It's rough on us," he said. "When our ing about Poland's colonial position and by Monday, March 18, 1974 volume is cutback, we have to cut down on criticizing the government which has been our heLp. Some guys are practically running forced upon the Polish nation, we harm Po­ Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, their stations by theiUSelves; they can't even land. They are wrong. It's a lie, cunningly we know that the energy crisis-real or afford a mechanic. Everybody has had to lay planted by the communist propaganda. Our contrived-is directly responsible for a off people." sisters and brothers in Poland want us to rise in unemployment across the Nation. UNSYMPATHETIC PUBLIC tell the world the truth about their fate; The Atlanta Inquirer issue of March The public, Monteith says, is not as "sym­ they want us to explain that the views of the 9 focuses on two groups adversely affected pathetic to dealers as they should be. If they regime's diplomatic representatives are dia­ by the crisis. In one group are the em­ drive in and we have no gas, they say why the metrically opposed to their own views; that ployees of gasoline stations operated by hell don't you close up, (but) you've got to Russian economic exploitation causes chron­ black people in Atlanta. Since last sum­ do something to stay alive. Gasoline just ic lack of basic commodities; that the Polish barely pay, or does not pay, expenses; it all army does not belong in Czechoslovakia or mer, the newspaper observes, dozens of these stations have been forced to close depends on the volume." Monteith's station on the Chinese border. gets a lot of night traffic from Grady Hospital Those who say that we may criticize all down. At the remaining 134 stations, and the Police Department. Communists except Polish Communists are lay-offs are commonplace. Thus, both "But if you don't have gasoline, people also wrong. A Communist is a Communist re­ the independent black businessmen op­ just keep on going." gardless of nationality. Every Communist is erating these small enterprises, and He predicts more stations will be closed an enemy of freedom, wanting to introduce "because the oil companies buy by how much the dictatorship of the Party clique. And many of their employees and their fami­ lies, a1·e victims of the crisis, and this volume is being done. They aren't interested Polish Communists are no better than others. in whether a man stays in business or not. They are Moscow's instruments, they are has a harmful impact on the entire com­ the Kremlin's Quislings in Poland. We may be munity. "The price is going to stay up, it's not thankful, that not everybody is a Communist. gonna come down. Oil companies need The second group consists of former money to do explorations, they say. The mar­ We can help Poland by a firm anti-com­ As munist stand and a critical view of the War­ prisoners seeking work. the Inquirer ket might even get glutted in a year or so, saw regime. On the basis of my personal ex­ article says, in these days it is hard but the price will stay up." perience I can assure you that the President enough to find a job with a "clean nose." Stations without gasoline feel the crunch of the United States would not respect de­ "But with a prison record, it comes close from laying off employees all the way down mands of people friendly to a government to being a miracle." to vending machines. If there's no gas, peo­ hostile to the United States, However, when ple don't stop to buy cigarettes, cookies, as­ critics of the Warsaw government demand, I submit the following two articles pirin and the like. for instance, the removal of the ban on the by Ernest M. Pharr and Boyd Lewis for Another dealer, in business for more than sale of refinery equipment, the President and the RECORD: 20 years said the "economy is worse than I March 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7037 have ever witnessed. It's affecting many NEW HAMPSHffiE'S VOICE OF believe laws preserve freedom. Without these other businesses. Look at the price of milk DEMOCRACY WINNER MISS LISA guards the freedom and rights of others going up because there's a scarcity of plastics. BONENFANT would be ignored. A country cannot exist "I just hope," he concluded, "Nixon has without laws to protect its citizens. Because some sort of feeling for this country and real­ many people also do not understand the laws izes he is no longer an effective president." HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN which they abide by, they misinterpret the RATIONING laws and become blind patriots. OF NEW HAMPSHIRE It is necessary for a country's citizens to Tuesday, it was announced Georgia may IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have gas rationing by April 1 on the "odd­ be constantly aware of the importance of even. no gas if over half tank" plan. Gasless Monday, March 18, 1974 unity among her people. Indl:fference, shirk­ stations a week before the end of the short­ ing of responsibility, and prejudice all help est month led to thoughts of a ? ? ? March. Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, as Miss to pull a country apart. A country is only And customers complaining during Febru­ Lisa Bonenfant of Epsom, N.H., so effec­ as strong as her people, but I think it is ary's dying days: "I .had to go to five stations tively points out in her prize-winning better to say a country is only as strong as before I found some gas." Voice of Democracy Essay, "A Country the bond of unity existing within it. To be able to see a country's weaknesses is good, Is Only as Strong as Her People," one but that's only a beginning. To realize ana­ ENERGY CRUNCH HURTS JoB-FINDING PROGRAM of the strengths of our great Nation is tion's assets and take a stand to preserve FOR Ex-OFFENDERS an informed electorate including just them is the mark of an involved citizen. (By Boyd Lewis) such outstanding young people as Miss What with the energy crisis, sagging econ­ Bonenfant. omy and all, it's hard enough finding a job Sometimes we seem to forget that with a ••clean nose". But with a prison record, freedom cannot be separated from re­ THE ECONOMICS OF ENERGY it comes close to being a Iniracle. sponsibility without endangering free­ Assistance to Offenders, Inc., has been dom itself. Freedom cannot and must not trying to open society's doors to readmit the be taken for granted lest it be lost ex-offender in Atlanta for 16 months now. HON. ROGER H. ZION Jim Pace, director of ATO, knows first hand forever. OF INDIANA In her essay for the New Hampshire how society treats the former offenders. He IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is an alumnus of the Georgia State Peni­ Veterans of Foreign Wars contest known tentiary at Reidsvllle, Ga. as the Voice of Democra.cy, Miss Bonen­ Monday, March 18, 1974 "All kinds of jobs are available out there," fant very effectively set forth the respon­ Mr. ZION. Mr. Speaker, Interior Sec­ Pace told the Inquirer in an interview Mon­ sibilities that must attend the preserva­ retary Morton, in a recent address to day at ATO's offices at 848 Peachtree St. NE. tion of freedom in America. That Miss the Drug, Chemical, and Allied Trades .. But they're the kind that pay $2.25 to $2.75 Bonenfant possesses insight beyond her an hour.'' Association in New York City has pro­ "'The job market right now is not too years was recognized in her winning first vided a good analysis of some of the good at an. to put it mildly. A few months prize in New Hampshire and I commend economics of the current energy crisis. ago it was fairly easy if you had any work her remarks to readers of the RECORD: Secretary Morton outlines a legislative experience at all to get a job paying $3 an MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN action program which I commend to my hour.'' Pace continued. "But now most ot colleagues and under leave to extend my these places are laying off workers.'' As a citizen, my primary responsibility is to myself a.nd to my convictions. A true citi­ remarks in the REcoRD include this ad­ CRISIS CUT JOBS zen does not see one side of an issue and dress as follows: The energy crisis has cut deep into avail­ blindy follow it. He must have an open REMARKS BY SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR able jobs for ex-cons who use the program mind and do what his conscience directs. ROGERS C. B. MORTON as a source ot job referrals, the ATO director Then, he must build up his convictions and I want to talk about three things this eve­ said. not be afraid to voice his opinion. There are ning. First, I am going to talk about prices. A tire manufacturing plant said they too many people who claim to be faithful Second, I want to say something about mar­ couldn't hire, in fact they were laying off citizens because they abide by consensus ket controls. And last, I want to talk about present workers because their raw mate­ opinion. With this comes blind patriotism, some actions needed to deal with the prob­ rials-made from petroleum products-just and above all, a loss of individuallty. lems of high prices and short supplies in the weren't getting through. A company which Not only is respect for my own convictions energy industries. always had hired welders to make transport necessary, but also respect for the convic­ First, prices. Inflation. The Cost of Living. for new cars at General Motors has also been tions ot others. Known as "The Great Melt­ Whatever the name used to describe the con­ laying off because new cars aren't selling like ing Pot", America has a mixture of peoples, dition, it's about as popular as a case of the they had been. and along with that mixture comes a mix­ flu. Everybody suffers, some more so than .. Trainee jobs are especially suffering now," ture of ideas. To reject others' opinions and others. And, like so many other things, the Pace said, ..because employers can now pick count them wrong because they don't agree indignation-and the remedies, very often­ from people who have experience already!' with mine would be taking away another's are directed to the wrong target. Bill Crawford, ATO's assistant director, freedom and would show a closed mind on Price rises perform the same service as pain. said that before the energy shortages be­ my part. In order to formulate convictions, They hurt. They announce that something is came severe late in 1973 that many Atlanta it is necessary to listen to the opinions of wrong in the system. And they urgently de­ area employers were willing to "bend over others and, in that way, my mind will open mand attention. a little" to give ex-offenders an employment and my convictions will become stronger, But the pain is not the basic problem, and opportunity. being based on sounder reasoning. neither is the price rise. Both are symptoms Businessmen realized that without a In voting, convictions play a major role. of a basic disorder that requires treatment. steady job, men who spent time in prison It is hard, in a way, to understand why some Price rises are the normal response to any would risk going back by returning to crimi­ people don't vote. Some believe that their condition where demand exceeds the avail­ nal activities to survive. vote doesn't count; others refuse to go to the able supply. More than that, they provide "Of all the companies I've approached, only polls out of sheer indifference. I believe the remedy to the problem by discouraging one flatly refused to hire,'' Crawford said. there are no valid excuses to avoid voting. demand and encouraging supply. But because "Very rarely do we get a straight out refusal Voting is not only an honor, it is a duty. An 1t is so often a painful remedy there is the from employers. But there are variations on involved citizen also knows who and what temptation to direct the treatment to the how far they are willing to go to hire an ex­ he's voting for. Many people vote for a candi­ symptom rather than the disease, by trying to offender." date either on personality or personal ap­ stop the movement of price. What happens­ Pace said the average person he and ATO pearance. These very same people a few and we've acquired considerable experience assist has limited education, little work ex­ months later, complain the loudest about in this-is that very shortly after tight price perience and spotty work records although the very man they voted for. If people ac­ controls are imposed, shortages and disloca­ some men (who served time for embezzle­ tually listened to what politicians say, they tions appear. Eventually these inflict more ment and forgery) have outstanding back­ would find out that many are noncommittal pain than the prices, so the price controls grounds. and rather contradictory. Yes, it is the duty eventually have to be relaxed. Then you get Jobs for the average person who comes of every person to vote, but it is also the all the price increases you would have had to ATO are mostly in food services at present, duty of every responsible citizen to under­ during the period of controls, plus the price Pace continued. "There was only one man stand how big this responsibility is. rises that the controls themselves produce­ we couldn't get a job for within a week. Along with my convictions I have an obli­ and maybe some more caused by people Few of them tell us that 1! they can't get gation to abide by the laws of the country. scrambling to lay in supplies of scarce goods a job that they would go back to crime and But above that, I have an obligation to just in case they are taken off the shelves we've never had a man through here who understand what these laws say. It is the by more price controls in the future. has gone back to prison." belief of some that laws hinder freedom. I So we come to lesson No. 1. Our problem is 7038 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1974 not prices. It is the inability of supply to keep But the shortages are only the beginning ability is exacted in political terms, and the pace with demand. of the problem. Once shortages begin to ap· expediency of politics often triumphs over Right now we are having problems with pear, you start to get all sorts of market dis­ the logic of economics. As performance suffers both high prices and shortages in petroleum tortions as people try to work their way through these non-logical political judg­ products. We can properly blame the high around the price mechanism that no longer ments on economic matters, the pressure prices on the Arab nations, who are getting operates. The marginal buyers get frozen out. rises for ever t ighter and more detailed con­ something between $7 and $9 a barrel for Speculators and sharpies move in. Suppliers trols which in turn become self defeating. oil that costs them 10 or 15 cents. The tax· cut back on the low-profit lines and max­ The end of the road is nationalization. paid cost of Persian Gulf oil has quadrupled imize the higher-profit ones. Some essential The point of all t his is that we are in a in the past year. n eeds go unsatisfied. People start running to box, and I'm not talking about the energy But we have a lot to answer for on our their State Houses and to their Congressmen crisis. I'm talking about a crisis of confidence own account in the case of the shortage. The for help, and the result in the case of fuels in the free enterprise syst em, a crisis in our basic cause of our energy problems today is was that by the end of last summer we had ability to solve our problems within the the decay of the domestic oil and gas indus­ placed mandatory distribut ion controls on traditional guidelines of a free society. Th e t ry. There are a number of reasons for this propane and distillate fuels. energy shortage-unless we are extremely decline, which all come down to the single Which brings us to Lesson No. 3: One t h i ng careful-will tend to go on evoking political fact that there wasn't enough return on oil leads to another. Price controls lead to short­ responses that will worsen and prolong the and gas production in the United States to ages which lead to supply controls. short age and extend the control of the Fed­ bring out the levels of investment that were As I have mentioned, we got into our pres­ eral government even farther over the af­ needed to find new supplies. This condition ent predicament because of government in­ fairs of State and local governments and t he was caused by the inability of domestic oil terference with the pricing of oil and gas. individual citizens. This will remain a threat and gas prices to move to levels that would By last summer we had the demand for fur­ as long as there is a. shortage, and its attract the needed aznounts of investment. ther government intervention to allocate the implications go much farther, and run much First, there was the imposition of Federal shortages caused by its earlier intervention deeper, than the energy crisis which pre­ controls on the wellhead pricing of natural in the pricing process. But you don't reg­ occupies us today. gas sold in the interstate market. We at­ ulate just part of an integrated industry This is why it is of such importance t hat tempted to substitute the wisdom of bureau~ making a. variety of products from the same we concentrate on the measures that will in­ crats for the wisdom of a free market place raw material. The Arab cutoff precipitated crease energy supplies in our country, be­ in setting the proper value for natural gas. the imposition of the industry-wide controls cause adequate supplies of energy are the We did the same thing for domestic crude that are now in effect, but given the con­ ransom, not just for the oil industry, but oil, indirectly, by jawboning and political in­ straints we were already working under, there for the whole economy to the extent that timidation of producers through most of the is a good chance we would have wound up pritical shortages spur the temptation to 1960's, to the point where the price of crude where we now are even if there had been no substitute government regulations for t he oil was virtually flat during the whole period. embargo. activity of the marketplace. It didn't even rise as much as the regulated In any event, the Federal government now The President's energy programs, which price of natural gas. has control of every basic operating decision are aimed at restoring our ability to be self­ The result was that the price of oil and the oil companies used to make: who to buy sufficient in energy, provide the framework natural gas ceased to have any relationship from; who to sell to; how much can be sold for the efforts to be made. Among the major to the rising cost of finding new reserves to and at what price; how much of each prod· new initiatives which he announced in his replace those being used up. Demand was uct to make; what inventory levels to carry, energy message of January 23 was a direc­ stimulated by the artificially low prices, and and where. The industry is literally in a. tive to the Secretary of the Interior to lease producers found better things to do with straitjacket. About the only discretionary 10 million acres of Outer Continental Shelf their money than to put it into more ex­ area remai~ing to it is the pricing of new Lands in 1975 for oil and gas exploration. ploration for domestic oil and gas. Explora­ supplies of domestic crude oil, plus stripper This is more than the total OCS acreage that tion, drilling, discoveries, and additions to well production, which together a~ount to .has ever been leased. It is three times proved reserves fell off year after year, and about a third of domestic crude oil supply. t he acreage planned to be leased in 1974, and finally we began to have shortages in both And as I mentioned earlier, even this onere­ ten times the amount leased in 1973. oil and gas. When we found we couldn't meet maining a!ea of discretion has been threat~ The permit to construct the Alaska Pipe­ these shortages with domestic supplies, we ened by the emergency energy legislation line has been issued and we are hopeful that began rapidly to increase our dependence on which President Nixon is being force

to preserve social security as our most effec­ HUMPHREY. This bill, the Energy Emer­ the energy-related jobless fairly and 1m­ tive anti-poverty program-keeping some 12 gency Employment Act of 1974, is mediately, for their sake, and for the million people out of poverty and doing eo designed to meet the entire needs of the under conditions that protect their dignity sake of the Nation's economy. and self-respect-but would also help to pre­ energy related unemployed, in a fair and We must give them assistance, and serve social security as a universal retire­ equitable manner, and at the lowest jobs-to replace their unemployment ment and group insurance plan on which possible cost to the American taxpayer. checks with paychecks. all Americans can rely. The legislation which I have intro­ duced has three main parts. First, it establishes an Energy Emer­ AMENDMENT TO H.R. 69 EMERGENCY ENERGY gency Employment Board. This Board is EMPLOYMENT ACT to be composed of the Secretary of Labor, the Director of the Federal Energy Office, HON. JAMES G. O'HARA and five public members. The Board will OF MICHIGAN HON. JOE MOAKLEY have five distinct functions- OF MASSACHUSETTS Oversee the entire program as set up IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in this bill; Monday, March 18, 1974 Monday, March 18, 1974 Develop an "early warning system'' to Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, in further anticipate energy related layoffs, and to compliance with the requirements of Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, our Na­ effectively counter them as they occur; tion is currently experiencing severe un­ House Resolution 963, I include at the Establish all guidelines and criteria conclusion of these remarks, one further employment. Predictions for the year under which the act is be adminis­ ahead are very pessimistic. Some econo­ to amendment to H.R. 69, which I am re­ mists estimate that unemployment may tered; serving the right to offer when that bill go as high as 6.5 or 7 percent. Jobless Recommend to Congress and to the is called up for reading and amendment: benefits are being paid weekly to more President measures needed to combat AMENDMENT TO H.R. 69, AS REPORTED-­ than 2V2 million people. And, the num­ energy related unemployment; and OFFERED BY MR. O'HARA bers are increasing by 25,000 a week. Report to Congress and to the Presi­ O' HARA AMENDMENT NO. 3b It appears as though the energy crisis dent every 6 months, in their success in Page 28, beginning with line 1 strike out is responsible for much of this unem­ dealing with energy layoffs, and their everything down through page 58, line 18, ployment. According to statistics pub­ predictions as to energy unemployment and insert in lieu thereof the following: lished by the Department of Labor, en­ and underemployment. TITLE I-AMENDMENTS OF TITLE I OF ergy-related layoffs account for 16 per­ Second, the bill would establish a pub­ THE ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY cent of nationwide unemployment. For lic service employment program. It EDUCATION ACT OF 1965 the week ended March 2, of 313,000 new would provide financial assistance to DECLARATION OF POLICY claims for unemployment benefits, 49,600 public service employers to provide jobs SEc. 101. Section 101 of title I of the Ele­ attributed their layoff to the energy for the energy related unemployed. mentary and Secondary Education Act of crisis. Funds for this part of the program are 1965, as amended, is amended to read as fol­ to be distributed equitably, with 80 per­ lows: These are the exact figures as to en­ "SEc. 101. In recognition of the special ed­ ergy-related unemployment. Many dis­ cent of the funds being apportioned to States according to their proportionate ucational needs of educationally deprived tinguished economists, as I said earlier, children and the impact that the presence are predicting even higher levels. Wassily share of energy related layoffs. The re­ of such children have on the ability of local Leontief, the Nobel Prize-winning econ­ maining 20 percent would go to areas educational agencies to support adequate ed­ omist from Harvard, predicts a 10-per­ that are hardest hit by the crisis, as de­ ucational programs, the Congress hereby cent reduction in total business activity termined by the Board. declares it to be the policy of the United this year. We have already seen that the This section of the bill would also pro­ States to provide financial assistance (as set gross output of the Nation has fallen for vide for incentives for private sector em­ forth in the following parts of this title) to ployers to hire the energy-related job­ local educational agencies serving such chil­ the fourth consecutive month. Reces­ dren to expand and improve their educa­ sion is a word that must be faced. less. This would be done in the form of tional programs by various means (includ­ And what does this mean? a 15-percent tax credit on the first 12 ing preschool programs) which contribute This means that the American worker months of wages paid to a worker form­ particularly to meeting the special educa­ is bound to pay. The American worker is erly unemployed as a result of the crisis. tional needs of educationally deprived chil­ bound to be the helpless victim of the Further, it would reimburse firms for dren." energy crisis. costs incurred for the recruitment and EXTENSION OF TITLE I PROGRAMS Workers in the airline industry, the training of such workers. SEc. 102. Section 1902 of title I of the Ele­ chemical industry, the plastics industry, Finally, this title of the bill provides mentary and Secondary Education Act of the automotive industry-all are bound for a certification procedure, to certify 1965 (hereinafter referred to as "the Act") to suffer. jobless as energy related. This would is amended ( 1) by striking out "for grants insure against abuses of the program by to local educational agencies", and (2) by We are facing a new crisis. A crisis of striking out "1973" and inserting in lieu unemployment as a result of the energy workers and by employers. thereof "1977". shortage. The third and last title of the bill pro­ And what kind of response has there vides for economic assistance to workers ALLOCATION OF FUNDS affected by the energy crisis. The "eco­ SEc. 103. Section 103(a) of title I of the been to this inevitable situation? None Act is amended to read as follows: of significance. nomic adjustment allowance" outlined "SEc. 103. (a) (1) There is authorized to The Nixon administration has pro­ in this section includes the following be appropriated !or each fiscal year !or the posed an increase in the compensations provisions: pm·pose of this paragraph an amount equal paid to unemployed. They would pro­ Readjustment assistance allowance; to not more than 1 per centum of the vide $1 billion in additional compensa­ Training and counseling help; amount appropriated for such year for tion to begin July 1, with the new fiscal Relocation expenses; and payments to States under section 134(a) year. While this will help the worker Health insurance benefits. (other than payments under such section to make ends meet, it will not provide a , Mr. Speaker, I cannot stress enough jm·isdictions excluded from the term 'State' by this subsection). The amount appropri­ single new job. It will not help the work­ the importance of this kind of legisla­ ated pm·suant to this paragraph shall be ers whose benefits expire before July 1. tion. This type of comprehensive ap­ allotted by the Commissioner (A) among It simply does not tackle the question of proach is the only way in which we can Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, energy related unemployment. begin to tackle the enormous question of and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands What we need is a comprehensive plan energy-related unemployment. according to their respective need for grants to confront the problem of energy re­ Already, more than 30 of my colleagues under this part, and (B) to the Secretary of lated layoffs. We need not only to provide have agreed to attach their names to this the Interior in the amount necessary (i) to assistance to these unfortunate workers, bill as cosponsors. This, I believe, is a make payments pursuant to subsection (d) (1), and (ii) to make payments pursuant to but we need to provide them with jobs. great indication of the immediate need subsection (d) (2). The grant which a local For this reason, I introduced in the for a comprehensive plan to help our educational agency in Guam, American Sa­ House several weeks ago such a compre­ Nation's unemployed. moa, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Ter­ hensive plan. The same bill was intro­ I urge the Congress to act quickly but ritory of the Pacific Islands is eligible to duced in the Senate by Senator HUBERT carefully on this matter. We must help receive shall be determined pursuant to such 70J8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1974

criteria llS the Commissioner determines will this subsection), but not more than $2,000,- Secretary shall utilize the criteria of poverty best carry out the purposes of this title. 000,000, the product obtained by multiply. used by the Bureau of the Census in com­ "(2) In any case in which the Commis­ ing the number of children aged five to piling the 1970 decennial census for ·a non­ sioner determines that satisfactory data for seventeen, inclusive, in Puerto Rico by 40 farm family of four in such form as those that purpose are available, the grant which a per centum of (i) the average per pupil ex­ criteria have been updated by increases in local educational agency in a State shall be penditure in Puerto Rico or (ii) in the case the Consumer Price Index. The Secretary eligible to receive under this part for a fiscal where such average per pupil expenditure shall determine the number of such children year shall (except as provided in paragraph is more than 120 per centum of the average and the number of children of such ages (3)) be: (A) from two-thirds of the per pupil expenditure in the United States, living in institutions for neglected or delin ­ amount appropriated for such year for pay­ 120 per centum of the average per pupil ex­ quent children, or being supported in foster ments to States under section 134(a) (other penditure in the United States, and, from the homes with public funds, on the basis of the than payments under such section to jur­ remaining one-third of such amount so ap­ caseload data for the month of January of isdictions excluded from the term "State" propriated, but not more than $1,000,000,000, the preceding fiscal year or, to the extent by this subsection) , but not more than the amount arrived at by multiplying the that such data are not available to him $2,000,000,000, the product obtained by mul­ number of children counted under subsection before April 1 of the calendar year in which tiplying the number of children aged five to (c) by 40 per centum of (i) the average the Secretary's determination is made, then seventeen, inclusive, in the school district of per pupil expenditure in Puerto Rico or (ii) on the basis of the most recent reliable data such agency by 40 per centum of the amount in the case where such average per pupil ex­ available to him at the time of such deter­ determined under the next sentence, and penditure is more than 120 per centum of the mination.". (B) from the remaining one-third of such average per pupil expenditure in the United (3) The fourth sentence of paragraph (2) amount so appropriated, but not more than States, 120 per centum of the average per of such section (as so redesignated) is $1,000,000,000 the product obtained by mul­ pupil expenditure in the United States. amended by inserting "(C)" before "When" tiplying the number of children counted un­ " ( 4) For purposes of this subsection, the and by striking out "having an annual in­ der subsection (c) by 40 per centum of the term 'State' does not include Guam, Ameri­ come less than the low-income factor ( es­ amount determined under the next sentence. can Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust tablished pursuant to subsection (c) ) " and The amount determined under this sentence Territory of the Pacific Islands." inserting in lieu thereof "below the poverty shall be the average per pupil expenditure in TECHNICAL AMENDMENT level (as determined under paragraph (A)).". the State, except that (A) if the average per (c) Section 103 of the Act is amended by SEc. 104. Section 103(b) of title I of the striking out subsection (e) . pupil expenditure ln the State is less than Act is amended by striking out "aged five to 80 per centum of the average per pupil ex­ seventeen, inclusive, described in clauses SPECIAL USE OF FUNDS FOR INDIAN CHU..DREN penditure in the United States, such amount (A) , (B), and (C) of the first sentence of SEc. 106. Section 103 of title I of the Act shall be 80 per centum of the average per paragraph (2) of subsection (a)" and insert­ is amended by adding at the end thereof the pupil expenditure in the United States, or ing in lieu thereof "counted under subsec­ following: (B) if the average per pupil expenditure in tion (c)". "(d) (1) From the amount allotted for pay­ the State is more than 120 per centum of the ments to the See1·etary of the Interior under average per pupil expenditure in the United DETERMINATION OF NUMBER OF CHU..DREN TO BE COUNTED clause (B) (i) in the second sentence of sub­ States, such amount shall be 120 per centum section (a) (1), the Secretary of the Interior of the average per pupil expenditure in the SEc. 105. (a) Section 103(c) of title I of shall make payments to local educational United States. In any case in whlch such data the Act is amended to read as follows: agencies, upon such terms as the Commis­ are not available, subject to paragraph (3), " (c) ( 1) The number of children to be sioner determines will best carry out the the grant for any local educational agency in counted for purposes of this section is the purposes of this title, with respect to out-of­ a State shall be determined on the basis of aggregate of (A) the number of children State Indian children in the elementary and the aggregate alllount of such grants for all aged five to seventeen, inclusive, in the secondary schools of such agencies under such agencies in the county or counties in school district of the local educational agency special contracts with the Department of the which the school district of the particular from families below the poverty level as Interior. The amount of such payment may agency is located, which aggregate amount determined under paragraph (2) (A), (B) not exceed, for each such child. 40 per shall be equal to the aggregate amount de­ two-thirds of the number of children aged centum of (A) the average per pupil expendi­ termined under the two preceding sentences five to seventeen, inclusive, in the school ture in the State in which the agency is for such county or counties, and shall be al­ district of such agency from families above located or (B) 120 per centum of such located among those agencies upon such the poverty level as determined under para­ expenditure in the United States, whichever equitable basis as may be determined by the graph (2) (B), and (C) the number of chil­ is the greater. State educational agency in accordance with dren aged five to seventeen, inclusive, in the "(2) The amount allotted for payments to basic criteria prescribed by the Commis­ school district of such agency living in insti­ :the Secretary of the Interior under clause sioner. tutions for neglected or delinquent children (B) (ii) in the second sentence of subsection "(3) (A) Upon determination by the State (other than such institutions operated by (a) (1) for any fiscal year shall be, as deter­ educational agency that a local educational the United States) but not counted pursuant mined pursuant to criteria established by the agency in the State is unable or unwilling to section 123 for the purposes of a grant to Commissioner, the amount necessary to meet to provide for the special educational needs a State agency, or being supported in foster the special educational needs of educationally of children described in clause (C) of para­ homes with public funds." deprived Indian children on reservations graph (1) of subsection (c), who are living (b) (1) Section 103(d) of the Act is re­ serviced by elementary and secondary schools in institutions for neglected or delinquent designated as paragraph (2) of subsection operated for Indian children by the Depart­ children, the State educational agency sha.ll, (c) and the first sentence thereof is amended ment of the Interior. Such payments shall if it assumes responsibility for the special to read as follows: be made pursuant to an agreement between educational needs of such children, be eligi­ "{A) For purposes of this section, the the Commissioner and the Secretary contain­ ble to receive the portion of the allocation Commissioner shall determine the number of ing such assurances and terms as the Com­ children aged five to seventeen, inclusive, to such local educational agency which is missioner determines will best achieve the attributable to such neglected or delinquent from families below the poverty level on the purposes of this title. Such agreement shall children, but 1f the State educational agency basis of the most recent satisfa-ctory data contain (A) an assurance that payments does not assume such responsibility, any available from the Department of Commerce made pursuant to this subparagraph will be other State or local public agency, as de­ for local educational agencies (or, if such used solely for programs and projects ap­ termined by regulations established by the data are not available for such agencies, for proved by the Secretary of the Interior which counties); and in determining the families meet the applicable requirements of section Commissioner, which does assume such re­ which are below the poverty level, the Com­ sponsibllity shall be eligible to receive such missioner shall utilize the criteria. of poverty 131 (a) and that the Department of the In­ portion of the allocation. terior will comply in all other respects with used by the Bureau of the Census in compil­ the requirements of this title, and (B) provi­ "(B) In the case of local educational ing the 1970 decennial census.". agencies which serve in whole or in part the (2) The second sentence of paragraph (2) sion for carrying out the applicable provi­ same geographical area, and in the case of a of such section (as so redesignated) is de­ sions of section 131(a) and 133(a) (3)." local educational agency which provides free leted, and the third sentence of paragraph STATE OPERATED PROGRAMS public education for a substantial number (2) of such section (as so redesignated) is SEC. 107. Title I of the Act is amended by of children who reside in the school district amended to read as follows: inserting the following in lieu of parts B and of another local educational agency, the "(B) For purposes of this section, the Sec­ C: · State educational agency may allocate the retary of Health, Education, and Welfare "PART B-8TATE OPERATED PROGRAMS amount of the grants for those agencies shall determine the number of children aged "PROGRAMS FOR HANDICAPPED CHILDREN among them in such manner as it determines five to seventeen, inclusive, from families will best carry out the purposes of this title. above the poverty level on the basis of the "SEC. 121. (a) A State agency which is di­ "(C) The grant which Puerto Rico shall number of such children from families re­ rectly responsible for providing free public be eligible to receive under this part for a ceiving an annual income, in excess of the education for handicapped children (includ­ fiscal year shall be from two-thirds of the current criteria of poverty, from payments ing mentally retarded, hard of hearing, deaf, amount appropriated for such year for pay­ under the program of aid to famllies with speech impaired, visually handicapped, seri­ ments to States under section 134(a) (other dependent children under a State plan ap­ ously emotionally disturbed, crippled, or than payments under such section to Juris­ proved under title IV of the Social Security other health impaired children who by reason dictions excluded from the term "State" by Act; and in making such determinations the thereof require special education), shall be March 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7049 ellgible to receive a grant under this section "(B) that in planning and carrying out as provided in the preceding sentence by 40 for any fiscal year. programs and projects there has been and per centum of (1) the average per pupil "(b) Except as provided in section 124, the will be appropriate coordination with pro­ expenditure in Puerto Rico or (2) in the grant which an agency (other than the grams administered under part B of title III case where such average per pupil expendi­ agency for Puerto Rico) shall be eligible to of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964; ture is more than 120 per centum of the receive under this section shall be an amount "(C) that such programs and projects will average per pupil expenditure in the United equal to 40 per centum of the average per be administered and carried out in a man­ States, 120 per centum of the average per pupil expenditure in the State (or (1) in the ner consistent with the basic objectives of pupil expenditure in the United States. In case where the average per pupil expenditure clauses (1) (B) and (3) through (12) of sec­ determining the number of migrant children in the State is less than 80 per centum of t ion. 131(a), and of section 132; and for the purposes of this section the Com­ the average per pupil expenditure in the " (D) that, in planning and carrying out missioner shall use statistics made available United States, of 80 per centum of the aver­ programs and projects, there has been ade­ by the migrant student record transfer sys­ age per pupil expenditure in the United quate assurance that p1·ovision will be made tem or such other system as he may deter­ States, or (2) in the case where the average for the preschool educational needs of mine most accurately and fully reflects the per pupil expenditure in the State is more migratory children of migratory agricultural actual number of migrant students. than 120 per centum of the average per pupil workers or of migratory fishermen, when­ expenditure in the United States, of 120 per ever such agency determines that compliance " PROGRAMS FOR NEGLECTED OR DELINQUE NT centum of the average per pupil expenditure with this clause will not detract from the CHILDREN in the United States), multiplied by the operation of programs and projects de­ "SEc. 123. (a) A State agency which is di­ number of such children in average daily at­ scribed in clause (A) of this paragraph after rectly responsible for providing free public tendance, as determined by the Commission­ considering the funds available for this education for children in institutions for er, at schools for handicapped children oper­ purpose. neglected or delinquent children or in adult ated or supported by the State agency, in­ The Commissioner shall not finally dis­ correctional institutions shall be eligible to cluding schools providing special education approve an application of a State educa­ receive a grant under this section for any for handicapped children under contract or t ional agency under this paragraph except fiscal year (but only if grants received un­ other arrangement with such State agency, after reasonable notice and opportunity for der this section are used only for children in in the most recent fiscal year for which satis­ a hearing to the State educational agency. such institutions). factory data are available. The grant which " (2) If the Commissioner determines that "(b) Except as provided in section 124, Puerto Rico shall be eligible to receive under a State is unable or unwilling to conduct the grant which such an agency (other than this section shall be the amount arrived at by educational programs for migratory children the agency for Puerto Rico) shall be eligible multiplying the number of children in Puerto of migratory agricultural workers or of Rico counted as provided in the preceding to receive shall be an amount equal to 40 migratory fishermen, or that it would result per centum of the average per pupil expendi­ sentence by 40 per centum of (1) the average in more efficient and economic administra­ per pupil expenditure in Puerto Rico or (2) ture in the State (or ( 1) in the case where tion, or that it would add substantially to the average per pupil expenditure in the in the case where such average per pupil ex­ the welfare or educational attainment of penditure is more than 120 per centum of the such children, he may make special arrange­ State is less than 80 per centum of the aver­ average per pupil expenditure in the United ments with other public or nonprofit private age per pupil expenditure in the United States, 120 per centum of the average per agencies to carry out the purposes of this States, of 80 per centum of the average per pupil expenditure in the United States. section in one or more States, and for this pupil expenditure in the United States, or "(c) A State agency shall use the pay­ purpose he may use all or part of the total (2) in the case where the average per pupil ments made under this section only for pro­ of grants available for such State or States expenditure in the State is more than 120 grams and projects (including the acquisi­ under this section. per centum of the average per pupil expendi­ tion of equipment and, where necessary, the "(3) For purposes of this section, with the ture in the United States, of 120 per centum construction of school facilities) which are concurrence of his parents, a migratory of the average per pupil expenditure in the designed to meet the special educational child of a migratory agricultural worker or of United States) multiplied by the number needs of such children, and the State agency a migratory fisherman shall be deemed to of such children in average daily attendance, shall provide a.ssurances to the Commissioner continue to be such a child for a period, not as determined by the Commissioner, at that each such child in average daily at­ in excess of five years, during which he schools for such children operated or sup­ tendance counted under subsection (b) will resides in the area served by the agency ported by that agency, including schools pro­ be provided with such a program, commen­ carrying on a program or project under this surate with his special needs, during any viding education for such children under subsection. Such children who are presently contract or other arrangement with such fiscal year for which such payments are migrant, as determined pursuant to regula­ made. agency, in the most recent fiscal year for tions of the Commissioner, shall be given which satisfactory data are available. The "(d) In the case where such a child leaves priority in the consideration of programs and an educational program for handicapped activities contained in applications sub­ grant which Puerto Rico shall be eligible to children operated or supported by the State mitted under this subsection. receive under this section shall be_ the agency in order to participate in such a pro­ "(b) Except as provided in section 124, the amount arrived at by multiplying the num­ gram operated or supported by a local educa­ total grants which shall be made available ber of children in Puerto Rico counted as tional agency, such child shall be counted for use in any State (other than Puerto Rico) provided in the preceding sentence by 40 per under subsection (b) if (1) he continues to for this section shall be an amount equal centum of (1) the average per pupil ex­ receive an appropriately designed educa­ to 40 per centum of the average per pupil penditure in Puerto Rico or (2) in the case tional program and (2) the State agency expenditure in the State (or (1) in the case where such average per pupil expenditm·e is transfers to the local educational agency where the average per pupil expenditure in more than 120 per centum of the average in whose program such child participates an the State is less than 80 per centum of the per pupil expenditure in the United States, amount equal to the sums received by such average per pupil expenditure in the United State agency under this section which are 120 per centum of the average per pupil ex­ States, of 80 per centum of the average penditure in the United States. attributable to such child, to be used for the per pupil expenditure in the United States, purposes set forth in subsection (c). "(c) A State agency shall use payments or \2) in the case where the average under this section only for programs and "PROGRAMS FOR MIGRATORY CHILDREN per pupil expenditure in the State is more projects (including the acquisition of equip­ "SEc. 122. (a) (1) A State educational than 120 per centum of the average per pupil expenditure in the United States, of ment and where necessary the construction agency or a combination of such agencies, of school facilities) which are designed to upon application, may receive a grant for 120 per centum of the average per pupil expenditure in the United States) multi­ meet the special educational needs of such any fiscal year under this section to estab­ children. lish or improve, either directly or through plied by (1) the estimated number of such local educational agencies, programs of edu­ migratory children aged five to seventeen, "RESERVATION OF FUNDS FOR TERRITORIES cation for migratory children of migratory inclusive, who reside in the State full time, "SEc. 120. There is authorized to be ap­ agricultural workers or of migratory fisher­ and (2) the full-time equivalent of the esti­ propriated for each fiscal year for purposes men. The Commissioner may approve such mated number of such migratory children of each of sections 121, 122, and 123, an an application only upon his determina­ aged five to seventeen, inclusive, who reside amount equal to not more than 1 per centum tion- in the State part time, as determineq by the of the amount appropriated for such year for " (A) that payments will be used for pro­ Commissioner in accordance with regula­ tions, except that if, in the case of any State, such sections for payments to Guam, Ameri­ grams and projects (including the acquisi­ can Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the tion of equipment and where necessary the suc:1 amount exceeds the amount required under subsection (a), the Commissioner Trust Territory· of the Pacific Islands under construction of school facilities) which are each such section. The amounts appropriated designed to meet the special educational shall allocate such excess, to the extent nec­ needs of migratory children of migratory essary, to other States whose total of grants for each such section shall be allotted among agricultural workers or of migratory fisher­ under this sentence would otherwise be in­ Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, men, and to coordinate these programs and sufficient for all such children to be served and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands projects with similar programs and projects 1n such other States. The total g1·ant which according to their respective need for such in. other States, including the transmittal ot shall be made available for use in Puerto grants, based on such criteria as the Com­ pertinent information with respect to school Rico shall be arrived at by multiplying the missioner determines will best carry out records of such children; number of children in Puerto R ico counted t he p u rposes of this t itle." 7050 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18", 1974

USE OF FUNDS BY LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES; u n der the preceding sentence, but with such the record of the further proceedings. Such PARENT ADVISORY COUNCILS adjustments as may be necessary to prevent new or modified findings of fact shall like­ SEc. 108. (a) section 141(a) (1) of the the allocation to any of such remaining local wise be conclusive if supported by substan­ Act is amended by striking out so much educational agencies from being thereby re­ tial evidence. thereof as precedes clause (B) and inserting duced to less than such amount." (iv) Upon the filing of such petition, the in lieu thereof the following: PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN ENROLLED IN court shall have jurisdiction to affirm the ac­ " ( 1) that payments under this title will be PRIVATE SCHOOLS tion of the Commissioner or to set it aside, used for the excess cosU; of prograiUS and SEc. 110. (a) Sections 142 through 144 of in whole or in part. The judgment of the projects (including the acquisition of equip­ t he Act (and all cross-references thereto) court shall be subject to review by the Su­ ment, payments to teachers of amounts in are redesignated as sections 143 through 145, preme Court of the United States upon cer­ excess of regular salary schedules as a bonus respectively (and will be further redesignated tiorari or certification as provided in sect ion for service in schools eligible for assistance under section llO(h) of this Act), and the 1254 of title 28, United States Code." under this title, the training of teachers, following new section is inserted immediately TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS T O and, where necessary, the construction of after section 141: TITLE I OF ESEA school facilities and plans made or to be " PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN E NROLLED IN SEc. 111. (a) Section 141(a){4) of title I made for such programs, projecU;, and facili­ of the Act is amended by striking out "sec­ ties (A) which meet the individual needs of PRIVATE SCHOOLS "SEc. 132. (a) To the extent consistent tion 145" and inserting in lieu thereof "sec­ children demonstrating the need for remedial tion 433 of the General Educat ion Provisions education, and such payments shall be used with the number of educationally deprived children in the school district of the local Act". only for such needs of such children, without (b) Sections 141 (a ) (1) (B) and 144(a ) (2 ) regard to race, sex, religion, national origin, educational agency who are enrolled in pri­ vate elementary and secondary schools, such (as redesignated by section 109 of this Act) family income, or any other socio-economic of the Act are each amended by striking out criteria, and". agency shall make provision for including "maximum". (b) Section 141(a) (2) of the Act is special educational services and arrange­ ments (such as dual enrollment, educational (c) (1) Section 143(a) (as redesignated by amended to read as follows: section 109 of this Act) of title I of the Act " (2) that the local educational agency has radio and television, and mobile educational services and equipment) in which such chil­ is amended by striking out "described in provided satisfactory assurance that section section 141(c)" and inserting in lieu thereof 132 will be complied with;". dren can participate and meeting the re­ "provided for in section 122". quirements of clau'?es (A) and (B) of para­ (d) Section 141 of the Act is amended by (2) Section 143(a) (1) (as redesignated by striking out subsection (c), by redesignating graph (1) of subsection (a) of section 131, paragraph (2) of subsection (a) of such section 109 of this Act) of title I of the Act subsection (b) as subsection (c), and by in­ is amended by striking out "section 103 (a ) serting after subsection (a) the following section, and clauses (A) and (B) of para­ (5)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section new subsection: graph (3) of subsection (a) of said section. 121". "(b) (1) If a local educationaJ. agency is "(b) It is the purpose of the Congress to (d) Section 144(a) (2) (as redesignated by prohibited by law from providing for the encourage, where feasible, the development section 109 of this Act) of title I of the Act participation in special programs for educa­ for each educationally deprived child partic­ is amended f':>y striking out "or ~ection 131". ipating in a program under this title of an t ionally deprived children enrolled in pri­ (e) Section 144(b) (1) (as redesignated by individualized written education plan vate elementary and secondary schools as section 109 of this Act) of title I of the Act (maintained and periodically evaluated) required by subsection (a), the Commis­ is amended to read as follows: agreed upon jointly by the local educational sioner shall waive such requirement and the "(1) 1 per centum of the amount allocated agency, a parent or guardian of the child, and provisions of section 131 (a) (2) and shall ar­ to the State and its local educational agen­ when appropriate, the child. The plan shall range for the provision of services to such cies as determined for that year under this include (1) a statement of the child's present children through arrangements which shall title; or" . levels of educational performance, (2) a be subject to the requirements of subsection (f) The third and fourth sentences of sec­ statement of the long-range goals for the (a ) . tion 145 (as redesignated by section 109 of education of the child and the intermediate "(2) If the Commissioner determines that this Act) of title I of the Act are each objectives related to the attainment of such a local educational agency has substantially amended by striking out "section 103(aJ goals, (3) a statement of the specific educa­ failed to provide for the participation on an (6)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section tional services to be provided to such child, equitable basis of educationally deprived 122". children enrolled in private elementary and (4) the projected date for initiation and the (g) Sections 146 and 147 of title I of the anticipated duration of such services, (5) secondary schools as required by subsection (a), he shall arrange for the provision of Act are each amended by striking out "sec­ objective criteria and evaluation procedures tion 141(c)" and inserting in lieu thereof and a schedule for determining whether in­ services to such children through aiTange­ "section 122". termediate objectives are being achieved, and menU; which shall be subject to the require­ ments of subsection (a) upon which determi­ (h) Part D of title I of the Act (and any ( 6) a review of the plan with the parent or cross-reference thereto) is redesignated as guardian at least annually with provision for nation the provisions of paragraph (a) and Section 131(a) (2) shall be waived. part C, section 141 of the Act (and any cross­ such amendmenU; as may be mutually agreed reference thereto) is redesignated as section upon.". "(3) When the Commissioner arranges for services pursuant to this section, he shall, 131, sections 143 through 145 of the Act (as ADJUST~tENTS NECESSITATED BY APPROPRIATIONS after consultation with the appropriate pub­ redesignated by section 109 of this Act) (and SEc. 109. Section 144 of title I of the Act lic and private school officials, pay the cost cross-references thereto) are further redesig­ is amended by striking out the first sentence of such services from the appropriate alloca­ nated as sections 133 through 135, respec­ and inserting in lieu thereof the following: tion or allocations under this title. tively, sections 146 through 149 of the Act "If the sums appropriated for any fiscal year "(4) (i) The Commissioner shall not take (and cross-references thereto) are redesig­ for making the payments provided in this any final action under this section or section nated as sections 136 through 139, respec­ title are not sufficient to pay in full the total 807 (d), (e), or (f) until he has afforded the tively, and section 150 of the Act (and any amounts which all locaJ. and State educa­ State and local educational agency affected cross-reference thereto) is redesignated as tional agencies are eligible to receive under by such action at least 60 days notice of his section 141. this title for such year, the amount avail­ proposed action and an opportunity for a (i) Section 403 of the Act of September 30, able for each grant to a State agency eligible hearing with respect thereto on the record. 1950 (Public Law 8'74, Eighty-first Congress), for a grant under section 121, 122, or 123 shall "(ii) If a State or local educational agency is amended by adding at the end thereof the be equal to the total amount of the grant as is dissatisfied with the Commissioner's final following new paragraphs: computed under each such section. If the action after a hearing under subsection (a) , "(16) For purposes of title TI, the 'average remainder of such sums available after the it may within sixty days after notice of such per pupil expenditure' in a State, or in the application of the preceding sentence is not action, file with the United States court of United States, shall be the aggregate current sufficient to pay in full the totaJ. amounts appeals for the circuit in which such State expenditures, during the second fiscal year which all local educational agencies are is located a petition for review of that ac­ preceding the fiscal year for which the com­ eligible to receive under part A of this title tion. A copy of the petition shall be forth­ putation is made (or if satisfactory data for for such year, the allocations to such agen­ with transmitted by the clerk of the court to that year are not available at the time of cies shall, subject to adjustments under the the Commissioner. The Commissioner there­ computation, then during the most recent next sentence, be ratably reduced to the ex­ upon sh~l file in the court the record of the preceding fiscal year for which satisfactory t ent necessary to bring the aggregate of proceedings on which he based his action, as data are available) , of all local educational such aJ.locations within the limits of the provided in section 2112 of title 28, United agencies as defined in section 4C3(6) (B) in amount so appropriated. The allocation of a States Code. the State, or in the United States (which for local educational agency which would be re­ (iii) The findings of fa.ct by t he Commis­ the purposes of this subsection means the duced under the preceding sentence to less sioner, if supported by subst antial evidence, fifty States, and the District of Columbia), as t han 90 per oentum of its allocation under shall be conclusive; but the court, for good the case may be, plus any direct current ex­ part A for the preceding fiscal year, shall be cause shown, may remand the case to the penditures by the State for operation of such increased to such amount, the totaJ. of the Commissioner to take further evidence, and agencies (without regard to the source of ii£creases thereby required being derived by t he Commissioner may thereupon make new funds from which either of such expenditures proportionately reducing the allocations of or modified findings of fact and may modify are made), divided by the aggregate number the remaining local educational agencies, h is previous action, and shall file in the court of children in average daily att endance t o March 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7051 whom such agencies provided free public be submitted to any review outside of the Department of Defense, Federal funds education during such preceding year. Institute before its transmittal to the Con­ would no longer be provided for chil­ "(17) For the purposes of title II, 'excess gress, but the President and the Commis­ dren's special educational needs who costs' means those costs directly attributable sioner of Education may make to the Con­ t o programs and projects approved under gress such recommendations With respect to have severe learning disabilities. For that title which exceed the average per pupil the contents of the reports as each may deem years, these children have received expenditure of a local educational agency in appropriate. benefits under the civilian health and the most recent year for which satisfactory (d) There is authorized to be appropriated medical program of the uniformed serv­ data are available for pupils in the grade or to carry out the study under this section the ices-CHAMPUS-which provides finan­ grades included in such programs or projects sum of $15,000,000. cial assistance for medical services (but not including expenditures under that (e) (1) The Institute shall submit to the obtained from civilian health care pro­ title for any comparable State or local special Congress, within one hundred and twenty programs for educationally deprived children days after the date of the enactment of this viders. Now, the DOD has decided to or expenditures for bilingual programs or Act, a plan for its study to be conducted discontinue cost-sharing for educational special education for handicapped children under this section. The Institute shall have services where that kind of service is or children with specific learning disabili­ such plan delivered to both Houses on the essentially the only one being provided. ties)." same day and to each House while it is in ses­ On its face, the Department's policy STUDY OF PURPOSES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF COM­ sion. The Institute shall not commence such switch is patently unfair. What differ­ PENSATORY EDUCATION PROGRAMS study until the first day after the close of the ence should it make if only one kind of first period of thirty calendar days of con­ SEc. 112. (a) In addition to the other au­ tinuous session of Congress after the date of service is provided to any particular pa­ thorities, responsibilities, and duties con­ the delivery of such plan to the Congress. tient? Funds are not being cut off if a ferred upon the National Institute of (2) For purposes of paragraph (1)- CHAMPUS participant is treated solely Education (hereinafter referred to as the "In­ (A) continuity of session is broken only by for measles, cancer, or a broken leg. The stitute") by section 405 of the General Edu­ an adjournment of Congress sine die; and distinction adversely affecting children cation Provisions Act, the Institute shall (B) the days on which either House is not afflicted with learning disabilities appears undertake a thorough evaluation and study in session because of an adjournment of of compensatory education programs, includ­ to have no basis in fact. more than three days to a day certain are ex­ According to the Department's state­ ing such programs conducted by States and cluded in the computations of the thirty­ such programs conducted under title I of the day period. ment on this matter, CHAMPUS pay­ Elementary and Secondary Education Act of ments for special education are being 1965. Such study shall include- SURVEY AND STUDY FOR UPGRADING NUMBER OF CHILDREN COUNTED withdrawn because the problem is pri­ (!) an examination of the fundamental marily one of education rather than purposes of such programs, and the effective­ SEc. 113. (a) The Secretary of Commerce medical treatment for which the program ness of such programs in attaining such pur­ shall, in consultation With the Secretary of poses, Health, Education, and Welfare, expand the is intended. Yet the cutoff of funds is be­ (2) an analysis of means to accurately current population survey (or make such ing imposed "even though a beneficiary identify the children who have the greatest other survey) in order to furnish current may have an approved medical diagnosis need for such programs, in keeping with the data (for each State with respect to the total and a recommendation or order from a fundamental purposes thereof, number of school-age children in each State medical professional that educational (3) an analysis of effectiveness of methods to be counted for purposes of section 103 services should be provided for the treat­ and procedures for meeting the educational (c) (1) (A) of title I of the Act. Such survey shall be made, and a report of the results of ment of the condition diagnosed." needs of children, including the use of in­ This is certainly a heartless means of dividualized written educational plans for such survey shall be made jointly by the children, and programs for training the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary achieving budget cuts. In the State of teachers of children, of· Health, Education, and Welfare to the Hawaii, one of the institutions most (4) an exploration of alternative methods, Congress, no later than February 1, 1975. severely affected will be the Anned Serv­ includ.ing the use of procedures to assess (b) The Secretary of Health, Education, ices Special Education and Training educational disadvantage, :for distributing and Welfare and the Secretary of Commerce School-ASSETS-a private, nonprofit funds under such programs to States, to shall study the feasibility of updating the school for elementary level children­ State educational agencies, and to local edu­ number of children counted for purposes of dependents of active duty military per­ cational agencies in an equitable and effi­ section 103(c) of title I of the Act in school cient manner, which will accurately refiect districts of local educational agencies in sonnel-who have learning disabilities current conditions and insure that such order to make adjustments in the amounts and whose academic needs cannot be funds reach the areas of greatest current of the grants for which local educational adequately met in public or other pri­ need and are effectively used for such areas, agencies within a State are eligible under vate schools in Hawaii. (5) experimental programs to be adminis­ section 103(a) (2) of the Act, and shall report The primary goal of ASSETS is to offer tered by the Institute, in cases where the to the Congress, no later than February 1, instruction, learning and academic Institute determines that such experimental 1975, the results of such study, whicll shall programs are necessary to carry out clauses include an analysis of alternative methods therapy for those dependent children ( 1) through ( 4) , and the Commissioner of for making such adjustments, together With who have a disorder in one or more of Education is authorized, notwithstanding the recommendations of the Secretary of the basic psychological processes in­ any prov-ision of title I of the Elementary and Health, Education, and Welfare and the volved in understanding or in using lan­ Secondary Education Act of 1965, at the re­ Secretary of Commerce with respect to guage-spoken or written. Such a dis­ quest of the Institute, to approve the use of which such method or methods are most order can manifest itself in an imperfect grants which educational agencies are eli­ promising for sruch purpose, together with a study of the results of the expanded popula­ ability to think, listen, read, write, spell, gible to receive under such title I (in cases or do mathematical calculations. where the agency eligible for such grant tion survey, authorized in subsection (a) agrees to such use) in order to carry out such (including analysis of its accuracy and the These disorders include such condi­ experimental programs, and potential utility of data derived therefrom) tions as perceptual handicaps, brain in­ for making adjustments in the amounts paid (6) findings and recommendations, includ­ jury, minimal brain dysfunctions, dys­ to each State under section 134(a) (1) of ing recommendations for changes in such lexia, developmental aphasia, and other title I of the Act. similar handicaps. Certainly these come title I or for new legislation, With respect to (c) No method for making adjustments the matters studied under clauses ( 1) directed to be considered pursuant to sub­ under the category of medical conditions through ( 5) • section (a) or subsection (b) shall be im­ and special education is a form of treat­ (b) The National Advisory Council on the plemented unless such method shall first ment. CHAMPUS payments have been Education of Disadvantaged Children shall be enacted by the Congress. provided as such for years and only by advise the Institute with respect to the de­ twiste<;I logic can it be suddenly dis­ sign and execution of such study. The Com­ covered now that such payments are not missioner of Edu<:ation shall obtain and CONTINUATION OF MILITARY DE­ transmit to the Institute such information authorized by the law. as it shall request with respect to p·rograms PENDENTS SPECIAL EDUCATION Because it is heavily dependent on carried on under title I of the Act. IN HAWAII CHAMPUS funding, Hawaii's ASSETS (c) The Institute shall make an interim and the military families who will need report to the President and to the Congress HON. PATSY T. MINK these services in the future will suffer not later than December 31, 1976, and shall greatly because of this shortsighted and make a final report thereto no later than nine OF HAWAII IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES discriminatory change. Accordingly, I months after the date of submission of such am introducing today, legislation in the interim report, on the result of its study con­ Monday, March 18, 1974 ducted under this section. Any other provi­ House, as a companion to that offered sion of law, rule, or regulation to the con­ Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, under are­ previously by my col!eague Senator trary notwithstanding, such reports shall not cent policy change proclaimed by the DANIEL K. INOUYE to require the Armed CXX--444--Part 5 7052 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1974 Forces to continue to provide special edu­ The rhetoric in particular might lead the henslve legislation. Some opponents were cation services to physically handicapped casual observer to believe that a radically merely protecting their vested interest in dependents of members serving on active new concept-manpower revenue sharing­ some categorical programs or arguing for po­ duty. This will be accomplished by had been introduced and had prevailed in a litical purposes. Others questioned the ex­ remarkably short time. Actually a. consensus tremeness of the administration's "put the amending section 1079(d) of title 10, on the need for decentralization and decate­ money on the stump and run" language at United States Code, to specify the ellgt­ gorization had been building for a decade some points, and feared that "revenue shar ~ bility of -children in need of special edu­ and the concepts had no serious opposition ing" was a blind for cutting manpower budg­ cation for learning disab:i'lities. left. As early as 1964, the Senate Subcom­ ets. None of these disagreements, however. I hope this legislation will receive early mittee on Employment and Manpower rec­ go to the heart of the decentralizat ion-de­ and favorable consideration by the Con­ ommended the formation of manpower ad­ categorization debate. gress. visory committees in every major labor Informed opposition to CETA raised twa market area, which were to include repre~ important questions that may haunt ardent sentat ives of each public and pr-ivate agency proponents of decentralized and decatego­ and target groups in the communit y with CETA IN PERSPECTIVE rized manpower programs: Can state and subst antial manpower interest s. Commit tees local governments be trust ed to give prior­ were "to consider the full range of man­ ity to the needs of disadvant aged people? And power problexns and needs in the commu­ will the feds supply as much money for a HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER nity for the present and future" and were single comprehensive program as for the ag­ OF WISCONSIN t o have their counterpart s at the state and gregate of many separat e ones? I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES regional level. On the legislative front, t he 1967 amend­ ACC'OUNTAl3ILITY UNDER CETA Monday, March 18, 1974 ments to the Economic Opportunity Act The first fear was fost ered by the extreme designated Community Work and Training manpower revenue sharing rhetoric, which Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. Programs (CWTP) as single sponsors for sounded as though the administration was in Speaker, in signing the Comprehensive local manpower programs and authorized fact preparing to abandon responsibility for Employment and Training Act of 1973 Concentrated Employment Programs (CEP) manpower efforts except for the supply of into law last December, the President to develop one-stop manpower service cen­ funds. Any such inclinations were tempered hailed it as one of the finest pieces of leg­ ters. The 1968 amendments tc the Manpower in CETA which leaves the federal establish­ islation to have reached his desk that Development and Training Act gave states ment an opportunit y and a xnandate to re­ year. The act represents a sigr.J.ficant t he authority to approve all institutional main the steward of appropriated funds. In shift in intergovernmental responsibil­ projects as long as they conformed to a fact, federal manpower agencies never had federally-approved state plan. much influence over what occurred with ities and is, in a very real sense, the Administratively, the Department of Labor manpower money in the field. They could cutting edge of the new federalism. How­ initiated the Cooperative Area Manpower audit to determine whether anyone had "his ever, as is true of any piece of legisla­ Planning System (CAMPS) to encourage lo­ hand in the till." They could require reports tion, the proof of its value will lie in its cal decision making in manpower policy and stating that all or most of the enrollees fit implementation. shifted more of its contract approval deci­ the disadvantaged criteria. But they could I commend to my colleagues the fol­ sions to regional offices. George P. Shultz, never assure that the reports were accurate lowing article by Sar A. Levitan and the first Secretary o! Labor under President or that the criteria in fact identified those Nixon, indicated support of manpower de­ most in need of services. They could insist Garth L. Mangum, the current and past centralization and decategorization when he that program operators supply the services chairman, respectively, of the National served as chairman of a pre-inauguration prescribed in program guidelines but they Manpower Polley Task Force. This arti­ manpower task force. could never assure that the services fit the cle represents a constructive addition to The key policy decision was to consoli­ clients' needs nor that they were of high the continuing policy debate surrounding date responsibility for planning and delivery quality. All of these quality controls had to our efforts to develop an effective na­ of manpower services in the hands of elected be left to the local jurisdiction's good fait h tional manpower policy. officials in the states and localities-not with and commitment. The article follows: t he professional bureaucrats who earlier Since manpower is only one of t he many dominated local manpower operations. In responsibilities of a governor, mayor, or A N OLD BUDGET FOR NEW LEGISLATION : 1972, manpower planning councils were re­ IMPACT 1974 county supervisor, his competence as a xnan­ constituted under the chairmanship of power practitioner is less import ant than his (By Sar A. Levitan and Garth L. Mangum) mayors and governors. Building on the 1967 commitment to manpower as a local policy The developments in manpower policy and "Green Amendment" to the Econoinic Op­ tool. The elected official is in a position to prior ities over the past year have left sig­ portunity Act (which authorized local gov­ create his own bureaucracy to plan and ad­ nificant and lasting changes in our nation's ernments to assume sponsorship of com­ minister programs. The tradeoff will be be­ manpower efforts. The signing of the Com­ munity action agencies and antipoverty tween the established, professional, federally­ prehensive Employment and Training Act manpower prograxns), the Department of oriented bureaucracies and a new and smaller (CETA) on December 28, 1973, was poten­ Labor funded nine pilot projects 1n 1973 to bureaucracy less experienced and accounta­ tially t he most far-reaching change. Hailed consolidate authority for MDTA a.nd EOA ble to an elected official who will likely be by the administration as a "substantial prograxns under the auspices of local govern­ concerned only about the political conse­ achievement in the movement toward spe­ ment. quences of his manpower policies. Inexperi­ cial revenue sharing goals of decentralized It took the new law, however, to give ence is by definition temporary. The con­ and decategorized domestic programming," final approval to the choice of elected of­ tinuing issue will be political responsiveness the act marks a departure from federal ficials as manpower sponsors and more to. the manpower clientele. This responsive­ domin an ce in the manpower field. significantly, to clarify the relative roles ness will now depend on clients• organization of federal, state, and local governments and CETA :IN PERSPECTIVE and political muscle, not on the relation­ community organizations. The law gives the ship of the elected official to his bureaucrats. Man y observers of the manpower system states a role both as sponsor for areas not as it evolved during the past dozen years covered by direct federal grants and as co­ THE 1975 MANPOWER BUDGET have agreed that the federal establishment ordinator of state agencies-the employ­ Without minimizing the importance of has dominated the design, planning, and ment security, vocational education and wel­ good administration in the delivery of man­ delivery of manpower programs at the ex­ fare agencies-and localities. Involvement power services, 1t must be recognized that pense of state and local involvement. The of community groups. at least in the plan­ the most efficient administration does not rhetoric of decentralization and decategor­ ning process, 1s assured. And, the federal create jobs or provide training facilities and ization promised more efficient and effec­ government is left with oversight author­ opportunities. Funds are needed to plan and tive utilization of manpower resources-less ity-that could be exercised as strictly as it implement manpower prograxns and even the t ime wasted in securing federal approval and chooses-to approve the sponsors' platu1 and most ardent advocates of encouraging greater less money diverted to national emphasis to assure that CETA's standards of. serving local participation in manpower prograxns prograxns that do not meet local needs. the "econoinically disadvantaged, unem­ recognize that decentralization of authority Given the con:flicts between the Nixon ad­ ployed, and underemployed" are met. over manpower services will not increase the ministration and Congress over the past Though the "new" manpower policy em­ efficiency of these programs overnight. On t hree years and the oft-noted deterioration bodied in CETA is really a decade old, this the contrary, the period of transition may of the bipartisanship which prevailed in does not minimize the achievements of those entail extra expenditures and little admin­ manpower policy until about 1970, it 1s who brought CETA into being. Nearly all istrative savings. Clearly, the inclusion of easy to forget that the administration and. groups recognized the desirab111ty of as­ state and local officials 1n the manpower sys­ both parties in Congress have been pursuing signing greater responsibllity to state and tem can bring about only marginal improve­ essent ially the same objectives. The differ­ local officials for manpower prograxns, but ments 1n the short run. Some had hoped ences were largely 1.n detan and. in rhetoric. t here were many objections t o the compre- that the period of transition to greater roles Ma1·ch 18, 1974, EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7053 tor state and loc 1 manpower l\dmlnlstr tors budget just to keep up the 1973 real level of served by CETA are slated for the sharpest O\tld b companied by the necessary 11- expenditures. cuts. In :fiscal 1973, the outlays that are cov­ n n 1 1 support to allow for the orderly con- ered by the Comprehensive Employment and In 1 Uou o! existing programs and that the TABLE I .-MANPOWER BUDGET SUMMARY Training Act efforts amounted to $2.4 billion. 1 l upower budget would be sw tened to al­ lin millions of dollars] The administration proposes to cut these J w tor gr at r loc 1 exp rlmentntton. This, outlays to $1.9 billion during :fiscal 1975 1973 1974 1975 (Table 2). , ~ I' t. bly, wn not th& case. Program actual estimate estimate Atter th sh rp reductions or manpower At the state and local level, the combina­ tion of manpower funds administered by the uu tl ys in 1973, it ts qulte clear that the fo.t TotaL ______4, 952 4, 808 4, 831 . rs tor manpower ar over. The budget Department of Labor amounted to $2.1 bil­ c' mon rate th t the adminlstratlon favors Comprehensive manpower ------lion of the $2.4 billion total. It was reduced 11 assistance traimng______1, 388 1, 398 1, 902 to 1.9 billion in 1974 and to $1.6 billion in ompreh nslve progr ms only they can be Emergency employment as- ;• l:hteved with smaller aggregate co ts. Total 1975. Institutional expenditures are expected istance •• ______----- 1, 005 631 ------m npow r xpenditur s p aked at the 5 bil­ Work mcentive training and to expand sllghtly in 1975 after their cut in lion 1 v 1 du1·tng fiscal 1973- a cut ot 300 placement ______177 197 200 1974. This assumption seems reasonable Veterans programs ______292 337 339 since states and localities wlll receive a 5 m1lllon from the e rller announced plans Employment service ______431 428 424 cTablo 1). Th o.mce ot Management and Vocational rehabilitation _____ 636 715 770 percent funding bonus for planning institu­ Budget nUclp tes th t fli'ICal 1974 outlays Social services training ...... 58 41 61 tional programs jointly with state vocational or manpower programs wUl be cut during Other training and place- education agencies. On-the-job traintng pro­ be cun nt year by an additional 153 mu­ ment programs ______276 282 260 grams, which underwent signl:flcant cutbacks Employment-related child In 1974, are expected to receive greater pref­ llon nd that they will remain at the $4.8 care ___ ------·-·- 433 502 584 b1111on level during the succeeding :fisc 1 year. Pro ram direction, research, erence among state and local sponsors 1n and .suppor ------209 220 219 1975. Much of the increase is due to the fact The pp r nt st.ab111zatton of manpower Other supportive services ••• _ 48 58 !il that state and local governments wlll have to outl y is, of cours , mi 1 adtng because it pick up funding for the JOBS program, which do not take into account the tnfiation that Source : U.S. Office of Management and Budget was a national program this year. Expedi­ h occurred in recent ye rs. Given the 8.8 tures for work experience prog1·ams for school perc nt rise In the Consumer Price Index The aggregate manpower budget reduction age youth, also retrenched in 1974, will grow during 1973 nd n nticipated increase of of about 18 percent in real terms between by 30 percent in 1975 thanks to unexpended bout 7 pore nt (tf not wor e) during the 1973 and 1975 masks the disproportionate funds left over from previous appropriations. curr nt year, It would have required an ln- distribution of the losses. Programs for the The legality of impounding these funds has r o! bout *700 millton in the manpower poor, the unemployed, and underemployed been questioned by the lower coul'ts.

TABLE 2. ESTIMATED DISTRIBUTION OF COMPREHENSIVE EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING FUNDS {Dollar amounts in millions)

1973 1974 1975 1973 1974 1975 Actual Percent Estimate Percent Estimate Percent Actual Percent Estimate Percent Estimate Percent

Total -----·-·-·-···· $2, 393 100.0 $2. 029 100.0 $1 902 100.0 National: -=--= Institutional._------______$30 1.5 $30 1.6 State and local: Job Corps ______------$188 - 7T 183 Institutional. . _ 410 17.1 9.0 171 9.0 365 18.0 417 21.9 OJT ------__ ___ ----·----______40 2.0 50 2.6 OJT •••••••••••••• : .: 143 6. 0 91 4. 5 242 12.7 JOBSMigrant.-- Workers·------___- --__--_____-- ______104 ______4. 3 77 3. 8 ------In- hoof work support •• 295 12.3 289 14.2 394 20.7 11 . 5 24 Postschoof work support. 248 10.4 311 15.3 573 30.1 n Subtotal - 292 12. 2 341 16.8 275 14.5 Subtota'. 1,096 45. 8 1, 056 52. 0 1, 626 85.5 ------·- Public employmeni"rii'O:" gram ------1, 005 42.0 631 31. 1 ------

Note: Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Source: U.S. Office or Management and Budget.

Tile m jor loss which state and local gov- Even some of the administt·ation's "pet" to year. Like veteran's programs, these seem rnment h ve b en asked to absorb 1s in manpower efforts have suffered in the new to face little opposition in the annual battle public rvtce employment. During 1973, ex­ budget. The January 1974 state of the unlon for attention. This year, without U.S. mlUtary p nditures under the Emergency Employ­ message alluded to plans tor revamping the involvement in the Vietnam War, outlays on m nt Act added •1 billion to the •248 million welfare payments system, but on the man­ veterans programs are expected to stabilize. apent tn other public service employment power front the administration budget indi­ Other aspects of CETA legislation threaten progr ms. States and localities wtll have $631 cates a dampening of enthusiasm for its problems for some states and localities. The million left for 1974 from EEA, to which com­ policy of combating welfare with work. Last distribution of CETA funds are based on a pr h nstve manpow r funds are expected to year the Work Incentive (WIN) program ap­ formula which includes the previous year's add only 311 million, bringing the cut to 26 peared a big winner in the manpower budget. allocation (50 percent), the number of un­ p rc nt. However, de pite the successful However, proposed 1974 and 1975 expendi­ employed (37.5 percent), and the adult pop­ struggle to include a separate public employ­ tures for WIN training will increase by only ulation liVing on an annual income of below m nt pt·ogram in CETA, states and localities 2 percent and the anticipated man-years of $7,000 (12.5 percent). Despite a hold harm­ must pl n !or even greater reduction in pub­ service to be offered are the same. WIN ex­ less clause that would prevent cuts of more lic eervic jobs in 1975. Bas d on the admin­ penditures on direct placement of welfare than 10 percent from the previous year, the tstr tlon proposed budget, public employ­ recipients in jobs--mandated by the Tal­ formula continues the tendency to redis­ ment funding in 1976 is llk ly to amount to madge welfare amendments of 1971-also wlll tribute funds to suburban jurisdictions $573 milUon-a 40 percent decrease from be held constant. The adm1nistration com­ which began in 1973. For the central cities, 1974-- ssumtng the 350 mllllon authorized mitment to moving welfare recipients into the outlook is for continuing shrinking lU be expended and anticipated additional permanent jobs appears to have dimmed, budgets. st le nd local exp nditures for public em­ though, despite the regrettable loss of fund­ ployment m terialtze. The effectiveness of ing, this is not an unwelcome recognition of Central cities can find little hope in other publlo servic employment as a counter- reality. portions of the federal budget. Legislative ycllc 1 tool may be lost b cau e the legisla­ The administration also intends to clamp authority for the Economic Opportunity Act tion a.llows states and localities to inter­ down on the expenditures of th& United will end in June 1974 and Model Cities is min le the money nominally set aside for States Employment Service. Its budget falls being phased out, threatening to curtail public employment in hlgh unemployment to refiect thi.s year's expected increase in the many manpower-related activities of the ,. with th 1r r gular manpower allotments unemployment rate which would presumably community action agencies. The CAA budget, without r strictlons on the activities for add to its work load. Moreover, a reduced which accounted for total outlays $396 mil­ wlllch dollars from either account may be budget seems to hurt the Department of La­ lion in 1973 and 243 milllon this year, in­ u d. On th other hand, the reduction in the bor plans for more services to employers in cludes only $87 million for 1975 to phase out s t.-. or th separate public service employ­ hopes of raising the numbers of replace­ federal support for the antipoverty agencies. ment o.lloc Lion and the freedom to use regu- ments. Manpower expenditures by Model Cities 1 r CETA funds for public employment may Outla.ys for vocational reba.billtation and agencies wlll be reduced from $57 mlllion in mpt localities to forego other manpower for supportive services for WIN trainees, wel­ 1973 and 1974 to 21 million in 1975. Facing l'Vices In order to maintain their public em­ fare recipients, and vocational rehabilitation reduced manpower allocations, many cities pl yment eft'ort. trainees continue to expand slowly from year will find it difticult--1! not impossible-to 7054 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1974 pick up part of the community actior. or available to each of my constituents a (a) More strict. 52 percent. Model Cities tab. public opinion questionnaire. (b) Less strict. 2 percent. MAKING DO WITH A SMALLER BUDGET I wish to share with my colleagues the (c) Kept about as they are.16 percent. The ndecategorization" of manpower fund­ thinking of the residents of Arkansas' (d) Eliminated. 23 percent. ing will not eliminate categorical needs and Third Congressi-onal District, as ex­ Mr. Speaker, my eighth annual ques­ clients. The budget analysis recognizes these pressed in the results tabulated from the tionnaire is now being mailed through­ facts of life in its attempt to guess how areas 21,783 responses received to my seventh out the third district. I include the text will divide their CETA allotments among in­ stitutional, on-the-job training, in-school annual questionnaire, which was dis­ of the questions in the hope that they and post-school work support activities. tributed late in the 1st session of the may be of some interest or benefit to my Since states and localities will be planning 93d Congress. colleagues. this spring fo~ fiscal 1975, the Office of Man­ SEVENTH ANNUAL Q UESTIONNAIRE RESULTS 1. To help meet our long-term goal of en­ agement and Budget can merely make edu­ 1. Would you favor a Federal law or Con­ ergy self-sufficiency, would you favor crea­ cated guesses at the distribution of the stitutional amendment reinstituting Capital tion of a federal oil and gas corporation to funds. Punishment for certain specified crimes? 98 lead accelerated but somewhat costly (esti­ Yet, with shrinking funds the predicted percent responded: 88 percent yes, 12 percent mated $10 billion or more long term) re­ number of new enrollees and man-years of no. search and development efforts? service are on the rise. The obvious ques­ 2. Should there be a shift in responsibility 2. Should legislation be enacted proposing tion is how can this be achieved since higher for funding projects from categorical grants a Constitutional amendment which would costs per man-year are expected in each cate­ at the federal level to local decision-making? negate the Supreme Court's decision striking gory of service. The "solution" is to cut 90 percent responded: 75 percent yes, 25 down state and local statutes governing down on the length of time clients stay in percent no. abortion? the programs. Presumably, the strategy is 3. Do you think President Nixon is chart­ 3. Do you favor financing campaigns for speedier placement in jobs. Indeed, the aver­ ing a good course in expanding diplomatic federal office with tax dollars rather than age period of enrollment in institutional and trade relations with Mainland China and private contributions? training has -already dropped from 4.9 the U.S.S.R? 93 percent responded: 74 per­ 4. Do you feel that network television fairly months to 3.4 months between 1971 and cent yes, 26 percent no. presents both sides of most issues? 1973. The federal budget planners anticipate 4. Do you think the President is correct in 5. In order to conserve energy, do you a further reduction in the next year. Esti­ insisting through military strength if nec­ think auto emissions standards and pollution mated outlays per new enrollee will pre­ essary, that North Vietnam live up to the controls should be relaxed? sumably decline from $2,931 in 1973 to 1,873 Paris Peace Agreement? 92 percent re­ 6. Do you favor the elimination of federal next year. Given the history of manpower sponded: 64 percent yes, 36 percent no. wage-price controls which still affect certain programs during periods of loose labor mar­ 5. If Congress appropriates spending in ex­ services & industries? kets, like those anticipated in the next year, cess of the budget request, should the Presi­ 7. Would you favor a raise in and/ or an such a strategy has little hope of succeeding. dent exercise his option of impounding the extension of Social Security benefits coupled The pressure on new local officials and pol­ additional monies? 93 percent responded: 64 with an increase ln the Social Security Tax? icymakers to plan with reduced budgets percent yes, 36 percent no. 8. Do you favor federal legislation to assist places difficult obstacles on the success of 6. Do you generally favor the President's the states to develop land use programs for selection of domestic priorities as we phase critical areas and uses of more than local the new system designed by CETA. State and concern? local planners will be confronted with polit­ from a war-time to a peace-time economy? 87 percent responded: 63 percent yes, 37 per­ 9. Do you approve of the way the President ically powerful manpower agencies whose has done his job? established local manpower turfs may be cent no. 7. Do you believe this questionnaire is a 10. Do you think it would be in the coun- difficult to alter. Even in areas with good try's best interest for President Nixon to: manpower relations between professional bu­ legitimate and effective means of communi­ cating your views to your elected Represent­ (a) Remain in office reaucracies and elected officials, additional (b) Resign funds will not be available for experimenta­ ative? 96 percent responded; 95 percent yes, 5 percent no. (c) Be impeached tion. Moreover, development of the tech­ 11. Which of the alternatives listed below nical skills and political acumen necessary 8. The Senate Agriculture Committee has approved a farm bill to continue the set-aside do you favor as the most effective approach to design and implement changes may not be to our current energy shortfall: (cheek one) forthcoming -quickly. As long as manpower production concept while establishing target prices for commodities. Should the federal (a) a national program of gasoline ration- budgets fail to keep pace with the goals of ing the new legislation, the new manpower sys­ government continue to insure the farmer a percent of his production cost ( % of parity) (b) removal of petroleum price controls tem will not be given a chance to show (c) oil industry excess profits tax provi­ whether it can operate more effectively or when the market will not support the target price? 90 percent responded: 4{) percent yes, sions to encourage reinvestment in energy efficiently than the old one. 60 percent no. resource recovery and development However, forecasts based on the President's 9. Do you favor federal prohibition on the (d) a roll-back in petroleum product prices budget proposals may be unnecessarily nes­ sale of cheap, short-range handguns (so­ 12. Regarding national health insurance, simistic. The modest congressi<>nal CETA au­ called "Saturday Night Specials"), not in­ which do you prefer? (check one) thorization and the -equally skimpy adminis­ cluding longer range pistols and revolvers. (a) a program financed and operated b tration budget recommendations were rifles and shotguns? Q6 percent responded, 67 the federal government planned in relatively prosperous times as the percent yes, 33 percent no. (b) federally-funded health insurance for pressing n~ds for manpower efforts were 10. Do you favor legislation that would welfare dependents declining. Hopefully, the economic downturn insure the continuance of the Office of Eco­ (c) complete reliance on the private health and the rising unemployment will stimulate nomic Opportunity? 92 percent responded; insurance structure more generous manpower appropriations 36 percent yes; 64 percent no. (d) government insurance against only than the administration and Congress were 11. Do you favor legislation recently passed catastrophic or prolonged illness ready to provide last year. Already, influen­ by the House of Representatives which in­ (e) no new legislation in this area. tial members of Congress from both parties creases the Minimum Wage to $2.20 within have introduced large-scale public employ­ one year from enactment, and enlarges the ment proposals. If they pass, more CETA group of employees covered? 95 percent re­ funds will be available for other manpower sponded: 64 percent yes; 36 percent no. BAR PRESIDENTIAL REELECTION services. The Comprehensive Employment 12. Do you think that the televised Senate SAID GROVER CLEVELAND and Training Act may still be given an op­ hearings on 'Watergate' are (choose one): portunity to realize the potential inherent 94 percent responded. . in the legislation. (a) In the National Interest. 43 percent. HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI (b) Harmful to the National Interest. 57 percent. OF NEW YORK 13. Which Congressional course of action IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EIGHTH ANNUAL QUESTIONNAffiE on abortion do you favor {choose one) : 92 Monday, March 18, 1974 percent responded. (a) Do nothing at all and let Supreme Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, today is the HON. JOHN P. HAMMERSCHMIDT Court decision permitting abortion stand. 34 birthday anniversary of Grover Cleve­ OF ARKANSAS percent. land, our Nation's 22d and 24th Presi­ (b) Enact Constitutional amendment to IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES dent. prohibit abortion. 24 percent. He did not believe a President should Monday, March 18, 1974 (c) Enact amendment to let each State de­ cide abortion question. 42 percent. succeed himself. Indeed, he felt there Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT. Mr. Speaker, 14. Do you think wage-price controls should be an amendment to the Consti­ each year since coming to Congress in should be (choose one): 91 percent re­ tution to disqualify the President from 1966, it has been my custom to make sponded. reelection. It was in support of this phi- Ma1·ch 18, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7055 lo ophy that his terms were not consecu­ BuJfalo Oct. 25, 1881 when he accepted the departments will not be ftlled with those who tive, thus PI'acticing what he preached. nomination for mayor. conceive it to be their first duty to aid the 01·over Cleveland adopted Buffalo, "There is, Ol' there should be, no reason party to which they owe their places, instead why the affairs of our city should not be of rendering patient and honest return to the N.Y., a hi home. He paid it high hono1· managed with the same care and the same people. nd public ervice by his profe ional and economy as private interests. And when we "I believe that the public temper is such ivic work, including terms as Erie Coun­ consider that publtc officials are the trustees that the voters of the land are prepared to ty lstant att01ney, sher11f, and then of the people and hold their places and exer­ support the party which gives the promise of mayor, be!or oing on to become Gov­ cise their powers for the benefit of the people, administering the government in the honest, rnor of New York State and then Presi­ there should be no higher inducement to a simple, and plain manner which is consistent dent. f ith!ul and honest discharge of public with its character and purposes. They have In his many public appearances, duty." learned that mystery and concealment in In his letter accepting the nomination for the management of their affairs cover tricks rov r Cleveland d played a public ded­ governor, Oct. 7, 1882-"Public o.fftcers are and betrayal." ication and independence that is refre 11- the servants and agents of the people to ex­ Cleveland came back to Buffalo to give mg. ecute laws which the people have made, and speeches whenever he could-for instance­ Anne Mel. M tthew , columni t for the within the limits of a constitution which at Buffalo's 50th anniversary of incorporation Buffalo Coul'ier-Expre s, has woven a re­ they have established. Hence the interference as a city in St. James Hall, W. Eagle and ve ling story about Cleveland and his ot officials of any degree, and whether state Washington Sts.; at the celebration of the or federal, for the purpose o! controlling the semi-centennial of the German Young Men·s philosophy. Her story includes several popular wish, should not be tolerated." quot tions from him which make timely Assn. in 1891, in the Music Hall at Main REGARDING MUNICIPALITIES and Edward Sts. {later the Teck Theater). l'eading. Following is her excellent text: which replaced a former hall destroyed by fire 1 rom the Buff lo Courier-Expre s, 1ar. 17, He said further-"! am unalterably op­ posed to the interference by the Legtslature in 1885 along with St. Louis Church; and at 1974J with the government of municipalities. I be­ the laying of the cornerstone of the Fitch ROV R CLEV LAND lieve in the 1nte1Ugence of the people when Institute at Swan and Michigan, in 1882. (By Anne Mel. Matthews) left to an honest freedom 1n their choice, and RISE WAS METEORIC He wns born. 137 years ago tomorrow In tha.t when the citizens of any section of the This was the first day care center to be nldw 11, N.J., but he lived lot of his life state have determined upon the details of a. established in the nation and was established ber and made Buffalo the home of his heart. local government. they should be left 1n the by Phllanthropist Benjamin Fitch as a home lie id so in dozens of speeches. undisturbed enjoyment of the same. The doc­ for chlldren of working mothers at the behest Orov r Clcv land w s certainly one of our trine o! home rule, as I understand it, lies at of an oragniza.tion headed by Maria Love, an­ r test Pre ldeuts, unquestionably one of the foundatk>n of republican institutions, other Buffalonian who also gave generous the mo t colorful citizens of BuJfalo, and his­ and cannot be too strongly insisted upon." sums to great causes in this city. toric Uy splendid, tamping the hallmark of One of hts greatest campaign speeches was Cleveland's rise from an obscure lawyer to 1ncorrupt1bll1ty on the office of mayor, gov- made in Albany, July 10, 1884-"The Ameri­ the highest office in the land was admittedly rnor, nd Pr id nt of the United States. He can people are about to exercize, in its high­ meteoric and he always in his many Buffalo w B truly a man tor all ag in politics. And est sense, their power of right and sover­ speeches humbly acknowledged that it was h is too llltl r m mb r d in this clty and eignty. They are to call in review before to a great many prominent Butl'alonians lh re ls too little taught about him in our them their public servants and the repre­ that he owed his successes. An example is his schools and ye r Iter year the anniversary senta.tlves of political parties, and demand speech in Buffalo Oct. 2, 1884 when he ac­ of hi b1rthd y 1s shamefully lgnor d by a of them an account of their stewardship. knowledged his nomination for President. tty h supr mely enriched and brought re­ ''Parties may be so long in power, and may "I can hardly tell you how grateful I am nown to. Oth r than a school and goU course become so arrogant and careless of the in­ for the confidence and esteem of my friends n:u ed for him nd o. statue in front of Bu!­ terests of the people, as to grow heedless and fellow citizens. I have resided among you lo'a City Hall, the fame of Grover Cleve­ ot their responsiblllty to their masters. But and ill the city where all my success in pri­ lo.nd nd the tnc lul ble rvlce he rendered the time comes, as certainly as death, when vate life has been achieved for nearly 30 to this no.tlon 111 t klng the country entlr ly the people weigh them in the balance. years. But two short years ago you stood w y fr m the pr j\tdices and traditions of "We believe that the people are not re­ steadlly by my side tn every effort of mine as th Ci 11 W r, ha dimmed. It should not be ceiving at the hands of the party which, tor the chief executive of our city, to advance its interests and welfare. 6. nearly 24 years. has directed the afJalrs of "I can never forget the generous endorse­ Mond y 1s Grover Clev land Day. It should the nation, the full benefits to which they are entitled~! a. pure, just, and economical ment you gave my candidacy for governor. b clvlc holiday with banners flying. "Because I love my state and her people, I Grover was a tulltlme President or the rule-and we believe that the ascendency of genuine Democratic principles will insure a cannot refrain from reminding you that she United States--two times--and an all time should be in the van of every movement dopte3) spaceborne instruments study the character­ Mother, Ann Neal Cleveland (1804-1'882) Monday, March 18, 1974 istics of solar plasma and cosmic rays. Wife, Frances Folsom (1864-1947) The Russians are known -:;a have two Ina.jor Children, Five: two boys, three girls Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker. within the projects for Mars exploration. One is an au­ Education, public schools funds available, our national space pro­ tomatic microbiological laboratory. It will Religion, Presbyterian gram is attempting to utilize the tech­ scoop up samples of Martian soil and analyze Occupation, lawyer nology of space more and more directly t~em automatically for traces of living orga­ Military service, none for the benefit of this Nation and the nisms such 11.s bacteria, yeasts, and fungal cul­ Political Party, Democrat world. To provide the store of knowledge tures. Air samples will be drawn into the cap­ Offices Held-: Erie County assistant attor­ sule for analysis through a filter designed to necessary to do this requires funding sci­ trap microorganisms. ney; sheriff of Erie County; Maylor of Buf­ entific research and development in falo; governor .of New York State When I visited Moscow earlier this year Age at Inaugurations: 47 and 55 space. A significant part of this scientific I was told that scientists hope to land in­ Terms served! Two (1885-1889) (1893- effort is the future exploration of Mat·s struments in a region near the south polar 1897). with unmanned landing vehicles in the gap where the thin carvon dioxide air might Vice Presidents: Thomas A. Hendricks NASA-Viking program. It is important to carry moisture. Initially, they plan to analyze the son with a gamma-ray spectrometer of (1885, died in office) and Adlai E. Stevenson note that the Soviet Union continues to the type used on the Moon and Venus. (1893-1897). press on with their vigorous exploration Russian scientists are paying particular Died: June 24, 1908, Princeton, N.J., age 71. of the solar system. Undoubtedly they attention to a broad region of the so-called. Cause of Death: Natural causes. are motivated by a similar concern to Red Planet between 15 degrees and 50 de­ HIS FIRST ADMINISTRATION our own-that of developing the scien­ grees south and 20 degrees and 45 degrees Highlights of historical events during tific basis upon which to build programs west using photographs obtained from Mars Cleveland's first admin.istration (1885-1889). of strong and direct worth to their orbit by America's highly successful Mariner Political-1886-Presidential Succession peopJ.e. Mr. Kenneth W. Gatland in a l'e­ 9 spacecraft. Act; Treasury surplus grows; American Fed­ cent issue of the Christian Science Moni­ REMOTE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS eration of Labor organized with Samuel tor reviews the Soviet plans for scientific Gompers as first President; Stntue of Liberty Lev Mukhin, chief of the Laboratory of dedicated at Bedloe's Island, New York. exploration of Mars. The article follows: Exobiology of the Soviet Institute of Space 1887-Interstate Commerce Commission MAlt&-LlKE A MAGNET TO SoVIETS Research, has already shown that micro­ formed; Hatch Act. (By Kenneth W. Gatland) organisms and simple plants in a Mass simu­ 1888-"Murchison Letter". LoNDON.-With an armada of four auto­ lator can live in a thin, mainly carbon dioxide a-tmosphere with minute amounts of 188~apnxre of Apache Chief Geronimo matic interplanetary stations heading toward ends South-west Indian hostilities. Mars, the determination of the Soviet Union water vapor. Mariner 9 confirmed that th& Scientiftc-1895-Commerclal adding ma­ to press ahead with the unmanned explorA­ polar region of Mars contains both frozen chine-William Burroughs, U.S. tion of that great planet is beyond question. carbon dioxide (dry ice) and water ice. How- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7057 ver, the Soviet scientists know only too well should not be subsidized than there is We are reminded of the stlll-used triumph how dtfficult the problems are. They m&y be that education should not be subsidized. of Adler's Chicago Auditorium (1889), done 011t nt first to ob ln p noramlc televt.sion In fact, the arts are part of our educa­ with his partner Louis Henri Sullivan, which ptctur s of sm·f ce conditions at the l&nding has a slmlla.r tier 1n the rear. Like the audi­ ll a.nd to m ke r mote chemical analysts tional process, and unlike the formal torium, Thomas Hall is a synthesis of science o! the soll. phases of our education, serve people of and art. And to think it took the better part The oth r m jor project on which the all ages and backgrounds. of a. century to excel that noble precedent. ussl n re working 1s & wheeled Mars rover. The Christian Science Monitor article The outside of the building is, as you might follows: expect by now, a no-nonsense expression of AllTS CENTER IN AKRON, OHIO, LEAPS FREE OF what goes on inside. Its concrete structure CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR THE ORDINARY is an outcropping of geometric shapes, all of which perform some very practical purpose. PRAISES AKRON'S NEW PER­ (By William Marlin) A deft sequence of landscaped terraces ORMINO ARTS CENTER AKRON, OHIO.-In the tiremaking city of step gradually up from a. plaza and fountain, Arkon, cultural concerns tread lightly among admitting patrons on several levels. Two such big concerns as B. F. Goodrich, Good­ stair towers read as triangular prisms. A HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING year, and Firestone. block of backstage facilities, parallelogram­ OF OHIO Gradually, however, culture has developed shape in plan, looms up as a. stark mess, re­ IN 1 HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a traction ln these parts, and the result, lieved on the outside by the low-lying plant­ opened slx months ago, is the Edwin J. ed terraces under which are tucked dressing Monday, March 18, 1974 Thomas Performing Arts Hall, built with $11 rooms, spaces for the design and construc­ Mr. SEmERLINO. Mr. Speaker, I am m.lllion of local money, and designed by tion of sets, and assorted omces. again delighted to offer for the RECORD architects Caudlll Rowlett SCott of Hous­ An immense envelop of concrete curves ton, 1n association with Dalton, Van Dijk, around the north and west sides of the build­ nother article praising the new Edwin Johnson & Partners of Cleveland. ing, like a. great caress, keeping out the noise J. Thoma Performing Arts Center at the Thomas Hall, in pointed contrast to the and vibration of nearby railroad tracks. University of Akron 1n my home city of bejeweled banality of so many "culture cen­ NONTREATMENT OF GLASS Akron, Ohio. In an article in the Chris­ ters" of the 1950's and 1960's, ib a struc­ turally inventive and, expressing this, spa­ The dominant vertical planes of these ver­ tian Science Monitor for March 15, Wil­ tical masses give way, on the horizontal li m Mat·lin, editor in chief of the Archi­ tially dyna.mlc experience. Instead of inert encrustations of imported plane, to recessed concrete spandrels, de­ tectural Forum, writes that the Thomas chic, like New York's Lincoln Center or Wash­ noting the edges of floors. And seeming to Hall- ington's Kennedy Center, the Akron job or­ hover above this geometric array is a. roo! In polnl d contr t to the bejeweled ba­ chestrate structural &nd spatial essentials, composed of concrete folded plates which, n Hty of o m ny "cult\lre c nter '' of the and only essentials, eschewing applied effects. angling up from the back-stage mass, span across and clamp onto the northwesterly, 1 60's and 1960's, is a structur lly inventive ON-CAMPUS SITE nd, pr sing this, patl lly dynamic e - curving wall. p rlence. Located on the University of Akron cam­ This crystalllne composition is further en­ pus, near downtown, the configuration o! hanced by the treatment or, more accurately, Mr. M l'lin go son to say that-- Thomas Hall reflects a variety o! program­ nontreatment of glass. There are great sheets It 1s not stretching it to n.y that this eml­ matic needs-space !or seminars, business of it between the prisms, curves, and folds. n n ly flexlbl bulldb1g, with its Stradiv riue meetings, and conferences, space for campus The planes are delicately joined by strong of room, ha achieved at least one of the pt·ogr ms, space where the city could pride­ stainless-steel clamps, thus doing away with mo t memorable public spaces to appear fully house visiting performers, space to host the typical mullion elements which would lnce Lhe 1960's r urgence of cuHural con­ conventions. have done visual combat with the concrete In other words, the architects were faced e rn t th gr s-roots level. structural masses. with one specific-that Is, providing a non­ Where glass meets mass, the panes are Mr. Speaker, so striking is this mag­ pe<:lflc room in which a. lot of very dif­ simply slld into an almost indiscernible slot. nificent building that one can only regret ferent things could be done. The juncture between glass and mass is that the lack of an opportunity, because of the The result is some room. of the facet of a. gem. format of our RERORD, to reproduce in the Or, to be more exact, some three rooms­ Once inside the building's outside (dis­ rolled in one. tinctions are aptly dUHcult to make here), R coRD a graphic replica of the building. In concert with theater-design consult­ the 90-foot-high lobby, with those counter­ I can certainly recommend to all of our ant George Izenour and acoustician Vern weights hanging up above you, is marked one gues who may be in the vicinity of Knudsen, the architects have created a. flex­ by an incredible dimension of movement as Akron, that they make a point of visiting ible instrument which, by way of changeable bridges, balconies, and stairs give way to one tht notable achievement, which Ada ceiling configuration, can be finely turned to another with a symphonic spatial flow. Louise Huxtable, the architectural critic an audience of 3,000, or 2,400, or an even It is a. place where promenading is, itself, more intimate 900 people. a performing art. of the New York Times, stated: The celllng is an arresting, iridescent un­ k all oth r similar centers bullt in dulation of metallic, trapezoidal panels, add­ MOVABLE, FUNCTIONAL r ent y arslook provtnctnl. ing up to a deceptively ethere&l 44 tons. All Thomas Hall is more than architecture as In 11 fairne , I hould point out that o! which is suspended from cables. These in object. tut·n thread out into the 90-foot-high lobby It is, literally, a. movable array of func­ whtle the building was built with $11 mil­ where, looping around a constellation of tional and structural elements which, care­ lion of local money, it was designed by pulleys, they support 27 chrome-plated steel fully counterpointing each other, create a. rchitects from Houston, Tex., in associ­ cylinders, adding up to an inadvertently symbol !or culture and for Akron. tion with architects from Cleveland. artistic 47-ton "sculpture" of counterweights. It is not stretching it to say that this emi­ Having achieved such a notable work This element, plainly functional and yet nently flexible building, with its Stradivarius ot ngineering sklll and architectural fi­ compellingly beautiful, is a. metaphor !or all of a. room, has achieved at least one of the of Thomas Hall. Take a. closer look, again, at most memorable public spaces to appear n e, the University of Akl·on and the that great room. since the 1960's resurgence of cultural con­ urrounding community must now meet It's grandeur as a space directly expresses cern. at the grass-roots level. the challenge of insuring that this build­ the need for flexibillty and, at the same time, But as tmporta.nt--lndeed, more Impor­ ing is used 1n a manner befitting such a the tenets of acoustical science. Indeed, there tant--it is a. building in which people can grand tructure. The signs are that the are sweeps of continental seating, and non­ easily comprehend that culture, and its sym­ community i m eting the challenge. stop expanses of vermlllon upholstery. But bols, consist 1n more than just getting the However, it is also a challenge for the more. The ceiling looks the way lt does be­ best acts. As Emily Dickinson once observed, cause its adjustable sections are purposely '·The show is not the show, but they who go." N tlon a a whole. Most civilized coun­ poised for action. tri have long since recognized that art The hall is not your usual friendly neigh­ and culture do not "pay their way.'' The borhood shoe box but ts, instead, expressive CASE FOR FEDERAL OIL AND OAS cl ic theater, symphony orche tras, of the building's unrelenting symmetry CORPORATION-NO. 11 ballet, opel' , art museum , hi torical which generates a fan-shaped plan. museums, and other imilar activities in­ The seating ts banked at a 30-degree angle, volving the pre ervation and dissemina­ and because of both the plan and the seat­ HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON ing angle, no one is more than 132 feet from OF MASSACHUSETTS tion of our magnificent cultural he1itage the stage. The uppermo t, third tier of seats, rcquir both private and public sub idles is held forward from the rear wall, not for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES k ep them alive. Kept alive they mu t effect of spatial movement, but because Monday, March 18, 1974 b . ince they r present th mo t noble acousticians from Dankmar Adler to Vern xpr ·Ion of civilization. Knudsen want sound to move, and not get Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, in Th · i no more r a. on "hy th art c. ught topside. the early part of this century, vast ex- 7058 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ma1·ch 18, 1974 panses of public-owned lands in the Through the Federal Oil and Gas Cor­ Often, I have to walk several blocks to a sub­ Western United States were purchased poration, we could be assured, after more way. Wl..en I do, I carry the gun in my hand­ by private speculators. It had already than 60 years of scandals and adminis­ not in my pocket. Once, about midnight, an almost-stoned become apparent~ by this time, that pe­ tt·ative confusion. that our Federal pe­ bruiser snarled, "I wanna talk to you, Mister." troleum was critically important to the troleum reserves would be responsibly I leveled the gun, and he backed off hurriedly, future of the American economy. controlled. hands raised. During this same period, the Navy be­ Nor is the need for self-protection al"nays gan to convert from coal to oil as 1ts connected with my practice. Last week, my primary fuel source. To insure access wife and I returned home from the opera to petro1eum in emergencies, defense A PSYCHIATRIST TELLS WHY HE by subway because cabs were unavailable. As planners suggested that the Govern­ IS A GUN-CARRYING DOCTOR we climbed the steps of the exit adjacent to our apartment b~ilding, I saw three youths ment not allow certain oil-bea1ing lands slouched against the wall. "Get behind me," to be claimed by private entrepreneurs. I told my wife. In light of these facto1·s, four naval pe­ HON. JOHN D. DINGELL One youngster moved in front of us. "Hold troleum reserves and three naval oil OF MICHIGAN it, Whitey," he sneered, "we got something shale reserves were established between to say to you." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1912 and 1923. It has been estimated "So do I," I answered, and aimed there­ that Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 at Monday, March 18, 1974 volver at his middle. All three fied down the street. Elk Hills in California, Reserve No.2 at Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I insert Before that night, my wife had constantly Buena Vista Hills on lands adjacent to into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD two ex­ begged me not to carry the gun. She hasn't the .southern boundaries of Elk Hills, Re­ cellent articles appearing in the Man­ since. serve No.3 at Teapot Dome in Wyoming, chester Union Leader of Manchester, and Reserve No. 4 in Alaska contain a N.H., on Monday, March 11, 1974. REASONS WHY YOU NEED A G'UN total of approximately 39 billion barrels The first, by the distinguished pub­ In an article at the top of our back page of recoverable oil reserves. In addition, lisher of that newspaper, Mr. William today, a doctor tells why he carries a gun­ Naval Oil Shale Reserves No. 1 and No. Loeb, is entitled "A Psychiatrist Tells not to shoot anybody, but to keep himself 2 in Colorado, and Reserve No.3 in Wyo­ Why He's a Gun-Carrying Doctor," and from being shot or assaulted by someone else. ming are estimated to contain as much the second is an editorial signed by Mr. In his short and to-the-point article, be tells as 25.8 billion barrels of recoverable oil William Loeb explaining his feelings re­ how, on three occasions, his having a gun pro­ shale. tected him from serious bodily harm and garding firearms ownership. possible death. As we are all aware, these naval pe­ The articles follow: troleum reserves have been the focal That's a point that the anti-gun people A PsYCHIATRIST TELLS WHY HE' s A GuN­ always miss. They say that if aU handguns point of extensive controversy ever since, CARRYING DoCTOR were confiscated, there would be fewer acci­ as private corporations have schemed (By James A. Brussel, M.D.) dents in the home. That may be true. How­ and struggled to gain control of them. ever, accidents in the home can be prevented For instance, the Teapot Dome scandal As I waited to renew my handgun permit through more training in the safe handling during the Harding administration cen­ at the New York City license bureau recently, of guns. I noticed that the police officer who paged They say, also, that fewer quarrels would tered on p1ivate attempts to exploit these applicants to step forward seemed to address lands. end in murder, but that's speculation. People about one in six as "Doctor." can kill people with anything that's handy, A more recent example involves the Though I've carried a revolver for some from knives to clubs. President's statement of September 10, time, I hadn't realized till then that many But entirely aside from the constitutional 1973. Against the advice of then acting of my megalopolitan colleagues do, too. Be­ right of citizens to have guns, the point that Attorney General Kliendienst, the Presi­ fore my name wa.s called, I con-alled several the anti-gun people always miss is that the dent recommended that Standard Oil of and asked why. presence of guns in the hands of good people California-Socal-be permitted to ex­ Through tales of office holdups and broad­ deters criminals from attacks, just as the daylight street muggings ran one theme: the doctor describes at the top of our back page tract up to 160,000 barrels a day from the need for protection against drug addicts. Elk Hills Reserve, ostensibly to help re­ today. I've never fired my .32-caliber Iver Johnson Most gun-owners have never had to use a lieve the energy crisis. As my colleague, at anyone. But it's never far from reach while gun against anyone, but occasionally they Mr. Moss has pointed out, while the I attend patients in my mid-Manhattan office have had to show they had a gun in order President's decision would allow Socal or on outside calls. to make some wrongdoer back off and think to realize profits of $200 million in the And, believe me, if I ever needed to shoot­ better of his attack. first year of production, development of ! will. I remember all too well that three of However, if wrongdoers know that, by law, my psychiatrist-colleagues have been sav­ this reserve would leave our energy their victims automatically have no possi­ agely beaten (one fatally) by frenzied ad­ bility of having a weapon on them, then, of plight virtually unaltered; the amount dicts for whom they'd refused to write nar­ of oil which could be recovered from Elk course, either by superior physical strength, cotic prescriptions. greater numbers or by having guns of their Hills represents only nine-tenths of one I could easily have met the same fate not own, they can easily work their will on their percent of our total domestic consump­ long ago when the doorman for my building Victims without risking retaliation. tion. announced over the intercom that a Mr. Mil­ Along this line, probably the most moving The need for Government petroleum ler wanted to see me. I asked the stranger and effective testimony given against the reserves is certainly necessary, but I see to explain why he'd come, and he said a young confiscatory gun laws proposed for Massachu­ no i'eason why private corporations man whom I'd once had in therapy had rec­ setts at a recent hearing at the Massachu­ should profit from activity on these ommended me. I told Mr. Miller to come to setts State House was that given by a house­ lands. Socal seems especially unsuited my office. wife who still exhibited bruises and injuries He was about 21, tall, well-built, and be permitted stewardship over Elk from a very severe beating she received from to claimed to be an outpatient at a local metha­ robbers who had entered her and her hus­ Hills; in fact, earlier this year. Socal done clinic that was closed for the day. band's house. The robbers tied up her hus­ was successfully sued by the Justice De­ "All I need is one lousy pill, Doc," he in­ band and beat her unmercifully until she partment, at the request o~ th~ Navy, sisted. But when I proposed calling the clinic lapsed into unconsci-ousness. When she came for illegally draining certam oil pools to verify his story, he angrily offered me the to, she realized that she had one of the fam­ within the reserve. Because of Socal's ac­ choice of writing the prescription or taking ily guns within reach. She grabbed it and tions, the public has been illegal~y de­ a beating. shot and killed one of the robbers. The other prived of millions of barrels of oil. "I've got a choice for you, too," I said as fled. It seems to me that a Federal Oil and I drew my revolver and p¢nted it at his As she said most movingly at the hearing, Gas Corporation would be a more de­ head. "Either walk out of here quietly, or . .." "If it wasn't for that gun, probably I would be lying now alongside my husband in a pendable and conscientious overseer of He stared at the weapon for a moment, then grave in a New England cemetery." these reserves. The legislation to create turned and left. the Corporation provides, "the Secretary The gun has helped me out of tight spots We most sincerely commend to your at­ of Defense, acting for the Secret~ry of on occasional emergency night calls. Usually, tention this article at the top of our back the Navy shall transfer possession of I'm summoned to an apartment by a former page today because this New York psychia­ patient whose friend is unconscious from a trist tells so simply and so completely why certain properties inside the naval the sensible people of the United States petroleum and oil shale Teserves, 'Yh1~h drug overdose. Getting a cab to some high-crime neigh­ shm.1ld be armed. are subject to such Secretary's JUriS­ WILLIAM LOEB. Publisher. diction and control, to the Corporation." borl:oods isn't hard, but getting back can be.