The Importance Of Near-Natural Bypass B7 Channels As Compensatory Habitat And Dam Impact Analysis Model For Atlantic Migration Corridors At Hydropower Plants Salmon In The Penobscot River, Maine A. Peter, N. Egloff, S. Kaufmann, Eawag Swiss Julie L. Nieland, Timothy F. Sheehan, National Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Technology National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Hydropower plants highly contribute to the Fisheries Science Center, Rory Saunders fragmentation of rivers. Therefore many fish National Oceanic and Atmospheric ladders were built. However they are often very Administration, National Marine Fisheries technical and near-natural bypasses were Service, Northeast Regional Office, Maine Field promoted to reestablish the river corridor and Station act as a compensatory habitat. Although upstream migration in near-natural bypasses Dams are a major contributor to the historic was often documented little is known about decline and current low abundance of their use for downstream migrating fish. diadromous species, including endangered Gulf of Maine Atlantic salmon. We developed a We studied two near-natural bypass channels: a population viability analysis to quantitatively 90 m long bypass at a small hydropower plant evaluate the impact of fifteen federally licensed (Birs River) and a 1200 m long at a big hydroelectric dams on Atlantic salmon hydropower plant (Aare River). To detect fish population dynamics in the Penobscot River, migration, we PIT tagged fish. Antennas were Maine. We used a life stage-specific model to installed at the lower and upper end of the compare a salmon population under the current bypasses. 451 individuals were tagged in a state of downstream dam passage success to bypass channel of the Aare River and 561 scenarios with increased dam passage success individuals in the Birs River. Movements were and increased marine and freshwater survival recorded between 125-140 days. Groups of rates. Adult abundance, distribution of adults translocated fishes were released upstream of throughout the watershed, and number and the power plants in order to document proportion of smolts killed by dam-induced downstream migrations through the bypass. mortality were used as performance metrics for The bypass in the Aare River was rich in fish each scenario. Adult abundance was sensitive species (22 species). Mainly barbels and chubs to downstream dam passage survival rates and were studied. Chubs mainly migrated marine survival rates in all scenarios. Dams downstream (day and night), whereas barbels located on the mainstem of the Penobscot River preferred to migrate at night in both directions. had a greater impact on the Atlantic salmon The migrating barbels were significantly bigger population than dams located on tributaries, than resident barbels.14 % of the translocated but all mainstem dams and all tributary dams fish returned into the bypass (half of them did not affect the population equally. The through the upper antenna). In the bypass of combination of spatial location and passage the Birs River we could show that the direction success was important to the impact of each of migration depends on the fish length. Small dam. This model will help prioritize future brown trout were resident or migrated passage improvement efforts to maximize the downstream, whereas bigger trout migrated benefits to the Penobscot River Atlantic salmon upstream. Out of the 215 translocated brown population and is adaptable for use with other trout only 3 % entered the bypass from the diadromous species and river systems. upstream direction. Our studies documented the importance of the bypass systems as compensatory habitat, and as migration corridor for upstream migrating fish. But near- an irrigation diversion near Montrose, CO (that natural bypass channels only had a marginal will soon address hydropower needs.) The third importance as a corridor for downstream example involves controlled, laboratory- migrating fish. raceway trials on the “transformer” life stage of invasive sea lamprey at the USGS Hammond Armin Peter, fish ecologist, studies in biology at Bay Biological Station in Michigan. Preliminary the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, data show that very low voltage, graduated postdoc at the University of British Columbia, fields of pulsed DC successfully guided 55-74% Vancouver B.C., senior researcher with the of the downstream-migrating sea lamprey focus on river restoration and fish migration transformers into a mock trap at the bypass channels, connectivity, fragmentation, downstream end of the raceway (at four stream restoration different water velocities). An innovative, Use Of Innovative Electric Gradients To Guide hybrid-design concept is proposed for future Downstream-Moving Fish: Results From Three downstream guidance of fish. The concept Applications In North America involves graduated, pulsed-DC electric fields in Carl V. Burger, Aaron Murphy, Lee Carstensen, concert with low-frequency acoustics (using Smith-Root, Inc., Martin O’Farrell, Smith-Root pulse-pressure, seismic water-gun technology Europe, John W. Parkin, Parkin Engineering to elicit a fright response and move fish around water intakes upstream of GFFB arrays). This Safe, effective downstream fish passage has combination of approaches may be key to been a high priority for both hydropower and achieving high levels of success in future fisheries managers for several decades. Many downstream fish guidance applications. Once technologies have been evaluated. These fully tested, this tandem approach may be a include physical structures (such as inclined useful tool for managers who desire novel ways planes and screens), sound (in various forms), to enhance downstream fish passage outcomes. lights, and other techniques (e.g. bubble barriers) in attempts to guide downstream- Carl Burger has led the Science Department at moving fish away from irrigation and Smith-Root, Inc. (Vancouver, WA) since 2007. hydropower-related water intake canals. This He coordinates research and R&D trials, and paper focuses on the use of mild, electric helps conceptualize technology for fish and gradients (innovative applications of pulsed DC) marine mammal behavioral guidance. He spent to control downstream fish behavior and a previous 31-year career with the USFWS … in movements. While most deployments of venues that included a Pacific salmon research Graduated-Field Fish Barriers (GFFBs) have been scientist (Alaska), a science center director used for upstream deterrence, several (Washington State), and a recovery plan evaluations have been conducted on attempts administrator for listed Atlantic salmon in to direct downstream-moving fish, where Maine. He served as President of the American approach velocities have not exceeded about Fisheries Society from 2000-2001. His 0.5 m sec-1. Three examples are highlighted. presentation today will focus on the use of The first involves a GFFB installation to reduce graduated-field electric barriers to safely juvenile salmon entrainment into an irrigation influence the behavior of downstream-moving canal on the Sacramento River, CA. Despite fish at several example locations in the U.S. poor barrier siting and river flows directed toward the intake, entrainment of downstream- moving, juvenile Chinook salmon was reduced by up to 79%. The second example is a recently installed downstream barrier to keep adult salmonids from entering the Gunnison Tunnel, juvenile salmon through the Columbia and Snake River hydropower system using Juvenile

Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS), A Fisheries Information Management System hydroacoustics and acoustic imaging to provide (FIMS) For Petabyte Acoustic Telemetry support for decisions to improve hydropower LaMarche, Brian; Woodley, Christa; Auberry, facilities for fish passage survival. He has been a Kenneth; Parrs, David; Thronas, Aaron; Choi, key player in the development and Eric; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, implementation of the JSATS for the US Army Eppard, Brad; United States Army Corps of Corp of Engineers and managed the research Engineers, Weiland, Mark; Pacific Northwest and development of the JSATS dam-face cabled National Laboratory array. In addition to acoustic telemetry, he uses hydroacoustics and acoustic imaging Since 2004 the Juvenile Salmonid Acoustic technologies as part of fish passage research. Telemetry System (JSATS) cabled array and Mark is also experienced in installation and autonomous node systems have been deployed monitoring of sensors in harsh environments. in the Columbia River Basin to provide survival estimates and understand fish passage. Hydraulic Design Of Fish Ladders And Barriers Autonomous nodes provide presence/absence At California's Largest Salmon Hatchery while cabled arrays provide 3D fish position Jason Wagner, US Bureau of Reclamation estimates. Cabled array deployments consist of From 2004 - 2012, an entire new series of fish over 100 acquisition systems continually ladders was constructed at the continental collecting data through the juvenile salmonid United States' largest salmon hatchery. The migration season. Raw data volumes are new system is comprised of 5 fish ladder approaching petabytes. Real-time software sections, to allow for passage upstream of the processing reduces decode acoustic micro barrier weir for native salmon, as well as to the transmitter (AMT) signals surgically implanted hatchery for the hatchery broodstock. The in juvenile salmonids. Given the distance hydraulic design of the site was complicated, as between and number of systems, cellular it incorporated six different flow sources to modems notify a central monitoring system of provide a large attraction flow at the mouth of potential system issues. Project management the ladder. In 2013, upgrades to the site earned receives system alerts in efforts to proactively the ASCE Sacramento Division's Small Job of the fix faulting equipment. System downtime and Year. fish detections are coordinated with dam operations data, run at large estimates, Jason Wagner graduated from BYU with a environmental measurements, and fish Masters Degree in Water Resources, and has condition data. Fish condition helps estimate spent the last 12 years working on the design of the run of the river and is collected throughput fish passage and screening structures. He works the season. This data includes photographing for the Bureau of Reclamation, in the Techincal each fish used in the study. In 2012, Services Center located in Denver, Colorado. approximately 65,000 photographs were taken. Images are archived and used for reporting to management agencies. We present a fisheries information management system for large studies that can facilitate future spatiotemporal meta-data analysis to support management of hydropower systems. Mark Weiland is a senior research scientist at PNNL. His main focus is evaluating passage of Jeff Weiss has almost 10 years of experience in river hydraulics, stream classification, monitoring, and restoration. His work has B8 included stream restorations, one- and two- dimensional hydraulic and hydrologic modeling, 2-Dimensional Hydraulic Modeling Of A Low- and projects involving a broad range of water Head Dam Retrofit And Implications For Design quality, stormwater runoff, and flood Jeff Weiss, Tom MacDonald, Jon Ausdemore, protection issues. His passions lie in stream and Ron Koth, Barr Engineering Company ecosystem restoration. Adaptive Hydraulics (AdH) was used to model a Design Of Fishway Entrances – Hydraulic recently constructed low-head dam retrofit Model Tests Of Different River Bed And project in which boulders were used to create a Fishway Substrate Connections step-pool sequence that allows fish passage. Wolfgang Kampke, Federal Waterways AdH is a 2-dimensional hydraulic model Engineering and Research Institute developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Detailed survey data of the retrofit project was To achieve the tasks established by the taken by using a 3D scanner during a dry period European Water Framework Directive regarding in which no water was flowing through the the connectivity of the European river systems project. The 3D scanner is capable of creating both the demands of long distance migratory an accurate 3D surface by generating points fish and resident fish species have to be within millimeters of each other. AdH was used considered. As a large amount of those resident to model the existing retrofit project, and the fish species like barbel, nase and gudgeon are results were compared to HEC-RAS results. HEC- rather bed oriented in their migratory behavior RAS, a 1-dimensional hydraulic model that was the connection of the bed material of the also developed by the US Army Corps of natural river to the substrate of the fishway is of Engineers, is often used in the design of in- vital importance. The relevant national and stream structures and retrofit projects such as international guidelines do not give specific these because it is a well-known model, easy to design suggestions how to arrange the entrance use, and does an excellent job of predicting of a fishway close to a hydropower plant in upstream impacts a project may cause; terms of connecting the river bed to the however one of its primary limitations is its substrate of the fishway. In this study two inability to model localized velocities. different design suggestions for substrate The modeling effort with AdH provides a more connecting fishway entrances used in Germany detailed view of the hydraulics through all are tested in a physical model of the barrier portions of the retrofit project in various flow Lauffen / River Neckar and are evaluated conditions. In addition, various boulder spacings regarding the formation of a migratory corridor, were modeled to determine impacts on the relevant flow velocities and fish- velocities and forces that would act on physiological criteria. Wolfgang Kampke is a individual boulders. Gaining a better Civil Engineer with the Federal Waterways understanding of localized velocities and forces Engineering and Research Institute of Germany. enables the desktop design to incorporate a After graduating from the University of more natural boulder layout, which is beneficial Karlsruhe in 2003, he worked as research for aesthetics. The natural boulder layout can associate at the Institute of Water and River also be used to create variable velocities Basin Management of the Karlsruhe Institute of through a given cross section at a given flow Technology (KIT). and could be used to target various fish species Wolfgang Kampke’s work experience includes at various life stages in future designs. fundamental and applied research on river restoration, fish passage design, fish behavioral constraints included a minimum flow depth and monitoring, physical modeling and hydropower. maximum flow velocity to provide fish passage He is a doctoral candidate at the Karlsruhe during spring baseflows, structural stability Institute of Technology under the supervision of during the 10- and 100-year discharges, Prof. Franz Nestmann, KIT and Prof. Peter competence and capacity to transport existing Goodwin, University of Idaho and his doctoral bedloads, maintenance of the existing research focuses on flow parameters, with floodplain elevation along U.S. Route 40, and turbulence in particular, and their influence on strict grading limitations due to measured diesel the swimming behavior of fish. In 2011 he fuel soil contamination and utility right-of-ways. joined the Federal Waterways Engineering and Extensive hydraulic and sediment transport Research Institute where he is consulting the analyses (HEC-RAS, iSURF, various stone sizing Federal Water and Shipping Administration in and gradation equations) were solved designing fish migration structures. He is also iteratively to design a stable structure, involved in setting up a multi-disciplinary constructable from a mixture of regional stone research program on ecological connectivity sources, that would maintain the minimum and fish migration at Federal Waterways. baseflow depth, not exceed the maximum baseflow velocity, promote surficial flow, Restoring Fish Passage On White Marsh Run transport bedload, include fish resting areas, Eileen K. Straughan, Steve Collins, P.E., and not increase the floodplain elevation over Straughan Environmental, Inc. U.S. Route 40. Wetland enhancement and Whitemarsh Run, a third-order coastal plain preservation, vernal pool construction, invasive stream draining to the tidal Bird River in species eradication, and native plantings are Baltimore County, Maryland, has been severely also planned on the 184-acre mitigation site. impacted from historic sand and gravel mining Eileen Straughan is founder and president of in the stream channel and floodplain. Mining Straughan Environmental, a Maryland-based impacts include increased sediment loads, firm founded in 1995 to provide sustainable channel erosion, channel destruction, loss of environmental planning, analysis and design riparian buffer, and a 5-foot vertical fish barrier services. She is a multi-disciplinary downstream of the U.S. Route 40 crossing. environmental scientist with 30 years’ Several stream restoration projects have been experience in environmental permitting, guiding completed on Whitemarsh Run, but those infrastructure projects to avoid and minimize reaches are not accessible to anadromous fish impacts to resources, and designing restorative due to the U.S. Route 40 fish barrier. It was mitigation for unavoidable impacts. She has agreed that restoring fish passage and significant experience in water resource stabilizing rapidly eroding streambanks would management and stream restoration design and satisfy the mitigation requirements for streams is expert in erosion control, avoidance and impacted by the I-95 Express Toll Lanes, Section minimization of wetland impacts, stream 100 project (12,199 linear feet). Straughan diversions, natural channel design, and Environmental, Inc. studied the hydrologic and mitigation site monitoring plans. Straughan sediment transport regimes on Whitemarsh Environmental is actively engaged in watershed Run, assessed through stream gages, discharge assessment and implementation of stormwater and bedload measurements during storm management retrofits, environmental and low events, and sediment transport modeling, and impact site design and stream restoration to concluded that a 1,400-foot stone Riffle Grade achieve the requirements of the Chesapeake Control (RGC) structure was the most effective Bay TMDL. means to permanently reestablish passage for anadromous and other native fish. Design apply the model to prioritize barrier improvement in the mainstem of the Truckee Assessing Fish Passage Connectivity With River, Nevada. The Truckee River application Network Analysis demonstrates the ability of the algorithm to Jock Conyngham, Kyle McKay, and Craig address conditions common in fish passage Fischenich, Environmental Laboratory, ERDC, projects including incomplete data, parameter USACE uncertainty, and rapid application. This study Hydrologic connectivity is critical to the demonstrates the utility of a graph-theoretic structure, function, and dynamic process of approach for assessing fish passage connectivity river ecosystems and represents an attainable, in dendritic river networks. low risk form of river restoration. Dams, road Jock Conyngham is a Research Ecologist in the crossings, water diversions, channelization, and Environmental Laboratory of the Engineer other alterations to boundary conditions, the Research and Development Center (ERDC), US hydraulic environment, and water quality Army Corps of Engineers. He graduated from impact connectivity by altering flow regimes, Dartmouth College and received a Master in behavioral cues, local geomorphology, and Forest Science and a Master of Philosophy from nutrient cycling. Longitudinal fragmentation of Yale University. His specialties include multi- river ecosystems also increases genetic and scaled assessment and restoration of reproductive isolation of aquatic biota such as watersheds, streams and rivers, riparian zones, migratory fishes. The cumulative effects of and aquatic populations. Jock has provided many structures along a river are often technical support for dam removals, fish substantial, even when individual barriers have passage projects, and restoration initiatives minor or negligible impact. Habitat connectivity across North America. He serves as a Principal can be restored through dam removal or other Investigator on a program to build dam means of fish passage improvement (e.g., removal, environmental benefits assessment, ladders, bypasses, culvert improvement). and river restoration expertise in the Corps and Environmental managers require techniques for its partners through the Ecosystem comparing alternative restoration actions at Management and Restoration Research single or multiple locations. This talk presents a Program. Prior to joining ERDC in 2002, Jock refined graph-theoretic algorithm for assessing was Director of Watershed Assessment and upstream habitat connectivity to investigate Geomorphic Restoration for the national office both basic and applied fish passage connectivity of Trout Unlimited, where he worked for nine problems. First, we use hypothetical watershed years. He lives in Evaro, Montana. configurations to assess general alterations to upstream fish passage connectivity with changes in watershed network topology (e.g., linear v. highly-dendritic) and the quantity, location, and passability of each barrier. Our hypothetical network modeling indicates that locations of dams with limited passage efficiency near the watershed outlet create a strong fragmentation signal, but are often not individually sufficient to disconnect the system. Furthermore, there exists a threshold in the number of dams beyond which connectivity declines precipitously, regardless of watershed morphology and dam configuration. Second, we measured from the mouth of the Columbia River) to rkm 113 (downstream of Bonneville Dam). The majority of kelts passed the dams via B9 spillway routes (i.e., spillway weirs, traditional spill) where survival estimates were generally Passage Distributions And Federal Columbia higher compared to all other routes of passage River Power System Survival For Steelhead (e.g., juvenile bypass systems, turbines, Kelts Tagged Above And At Lower Granite Dam sluiceways). The results of this study contribute Alison Colotelo, Bryan Jones, Ryan Harnish, to understanding the impact of hydropower on Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chris steelhead kelt migration in the FCRPS. Pinney, US Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Specifically, this study is the first to document Walla District route-specific survival since the installation of spillway weirs at many of the dams in the Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations FCRPS. The data may be used to adaptively have declined throughout their range in the last manage configuration and operation of FCRPS century and many populations, including those dams to maximize kelt survival. of the Snake River Basin are listed under the Endangered Species Act. The reasons for their Upstream And Downstream Migration Of decline are many, but include habitat loss and Atlantic Salmon- Conservation Of A Landlocked degradation, overharvest, and the construction Population In Sweden of dams. Unlike Pacific salmon, which all die Eva Bergman, Johnny Norrgård, Anna Hagelin, after they spawn, post-spawning steelhead Olle Calles, John Piccolo, Larry Greenberg, (known as kelts) can migrate back to the ocean Karlstad University to feed and replenish their energy stores, then return to freshwater and spawn in subsequent Populations of migratory salmon and trout have years (known as iteroparity). However, it is worldwide shown a decline due to human estimated that <2% of Snake River steelhead activities. Over the years numerous measures are able to make a second spawning run. Kelts have been undertaken to maintain these may be vulnerable to delays in their migration populations, and conservation of migratory caused by mainstem dams and reservoirs in the salmonids requires understanding of their Snake and Columbia rivers, and may also suffer ecology at multiple scales, combined with high mortality while passing the dams. The assessing anthropogenic impacts. The regulated primary goal of this research was to estimate River Klarälven and Lake Vänern host endemic route-specific survival of steelhead kelts populations of landlocked Atlantic salmon through up to seven Federal Columbia River (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). Power System (FCRPS) dams using the Juvenile The historically high abundances of the Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS). In salmonids in the River Klarälven in the early addition, system wide and reach specific 1800s have decreased dramatically, reaching survival were estimated. Passage metrics such all-time lows after the completion of all nine as forebay residence, tailrace egress, and Swedish hydroelectric power stations in the project passage timings were also calculated at 1960s. After an extensive stocking program and each FCRPS dam. transportation of wild and hatchery-raised spawners past eight hydroelectric plants, In 2012, JSATS transmitters were surgically catches from commercial, maintenance and implanted into 324 steelhead kelts captured at sport fishing have again increased. Recently, Lower Granite Dam (LGR) and several increases in the proportion of wild salmon tributaries in the Snake River basin. Overall, returning to the River Klarälven have generated 37.0% (120 of 324) of the tagged kelts interests in establishment of wild salmon successfully migrated from LGR (rkm 695, as inhabiting the entire River Klarälven, including structures such as fish ladders, locks, lifts, or upstream of the Norwegian border. To obtain bypass flumes. Hauling operations are another information needed to produce a management option, using transport trucks, but these can plan for the salmon, we conducted a number of also be prohibitively expensive due to high studies of upstream-migrating spawners and operating costs. Equally important, they can downstream-migrating smolts. For upstream cause significant stress and delay for migrating migration, we compared migration behaviour of fishes. wild and hatchery reared salmon and found An innovative, cost-effective system for that wild fish swam directly to the spawning downstream fish passage at high-head grounds and presumably spawned, whereas few hydropower facilities has been developed, and salmon of hatchery-origin arrived at the is currently awaiting prototype-scale testing. spawning grounds, and if they did so they swam The system uses engineered decompression considerably more before settling down at the raceways to safely pass fish using conventional spawning grounds. Studies of smolt showed screens by regulating pressures and controlling that only 16% of the salmon passed all eight bypass flows. The development of the dams, and that losses in the dam-free lower 25 decompression raceway allows proven in- km of the river, before the salmon enter the conduit screening systems, such as Eicher-type lake, were higher for hatchery-raised smolts or MIS-type screens, to be used at high-head than for wild smolt. These differences between hydropower facilities because it solves the wild and hatchery-reared salmon underline the problem of controlled decompression at the importance of increasing the number of wild discharge location. Results from Computational salmon in the system and indicate that remedial Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model tests verify the measures are needed to improve passage hydraulic performance of the decompression success. raceways and their ability to meet fish passage I, Eva Bergman, graduated from Lund University criteria. Hyperbaric pressure tests on salmonids in 1990 and worked there for eight years after verify low injury and mortality rates during my and work at Karlstad University since 1999. controlled decompression scenarios. My research interests have lately been Decompression raceways expand the salmonids in regulated rivers and passage applicability of existing screening methods to problems, but also brown trout and woody allow volitional downstream fish movement at debris in small forest streams. Earlier I have also high-head facilities with minimal delay and a worked with percids and cyprinids in lakes of small physical footprint. different productivity and biomanipulation. This presentation will be of interest to a diverse Innovative Fish Passage: A Cost-Effective blend of stakeholders, including federal, state Solution For High-Head Hydro and local agencies, seeking a viable approach to add lower-cost fish passage at high-head Ryan Greif, Water Resources Engineer, Mead & hydropower projects. Hunt, Inc., Kai Steimle, Aquatic Ecologist, Newhalen Associates, LLC, Richard Brown, Ryan S. Greif is a water resources engineer at Senior Research Scientist, Pacific Northwest Mead & Hunt. Mr. Greif specializes in hydraulic National Laboratory modeling, design and analysis of water conveyance systems, including applications at Providing fish passage at high-head hydroelectric facilities. His other experience hydroelectric facilities can be prohibitively includes dam safety, flood control and expensive due to the challenges associated with agricultural water supply design. He applies maintaining acceptable velocities and pressures engineering principles from a fresh perspective for fish migrating over a large drop in elevation. Traditional solutions involve large concrete to produce environmentally and financially essential for evaluating overall effectiveness of sound solutions. this effort. Restoration Of Chinook Salmon In The South Fork Mckenzie River – Status Of A Complex, Long-Term Dam Mitigation Effort Nik Zymonas, Cameron Sharpem Michael Hogansen, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Construction of Cougar Dam in 1963 eliminated Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from more than 85% of former habitat in the South Fork McKenzie River and reduced the productivity of river reaches downstream of the dam. Fisheries management changes and modifications to Cougar Dam during the past two decades included out-planting of adult hatchery-origin Chinook salmon (beginning in 1993), extreme reservoir drawdown during construction of a water temperature control facility (2002–2004), temperature control operations (2005), and operation of an upstream fish passage facility (2010). Downstream passage modifications for juvenile salmon are being planned. Here, we summarize data on adult salmon demographics, hatchery versus wild origin, pre-spawning mortality, and spawning distribution in relation to these modifications. We include data from spawning surveys, operation of the upstream passage facility, and out-planting of hatchery-origin adult salmon. Restoration of a run in the reach upstream of the dam is in its early stages, with at least 56 female and 135 male naturally produced salmon transported upstream in each of the past three years. Low replacement rates to date suggest that out-planting of adult hatchery-origin salmon will likely continue at least until downstream passage survival is improved to provide additional forage for resident fishes and to increase future returns of natural-origin adult salmon. The dynamic nature of this system and interaction of multiple factors affecting survival complicate detection of population responses to modifications, and continued monitoring will be