May 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13105 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS WHO IS HEISMAN? of more than 16,000 Rotary Clubs in over Alaska National Interest Lands Conser­ 150 countries) will hold a big, civic Reisman vation Act. Da.y in Cleveland on Thursday, Ma.y 11, 1978. Our decision on this legislation will HON. MARY ROSE OAKAR The State of Ohio started Reisman on his have far-reaching significance for all OF OHIO 36 years of college coaching ( 1892-1927) at 8 different colleges-his first jobs being at Americans, for it is truly a test of our 1N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Oberlin and Buchtel (now University of Ak­ commitment to intelligent oversight of Tuesday, May 9, 1978 ron). Then followed Auburn, Clemson, Geor­ our Nation's natural resources. I feel gia Tech, University of Pennsylvania, Wash­ that H.R. 39 is a balanced bill, which • Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Speaker, on May 11, ington and Jefferson and Rice. not only protects the natural beauty of 1978, the city of Cleveland, Ohio, will His most noted successes were achieved at Alaska's wilderness for future genera­ hold a day of celebration for a man Georgia. Tech where he was head coach for 16 tions but also provides for intelligent whose name has become synonymous yea.rs. His celebrated Golden Tornado teains use of its abundant resources. with collegiate football: John W. Heis­ of the South, in the second decade of the century, reached their peaks in 1915, 1916 Recently, I had occasion to read an man, father of the Heisman Trophy. article in Science magazine relating to John Heisman was born on the near West and 1917, when the teams won 25 games with­ out a loss. During that time, his teains rolled this legislation which I found useful, Side of Cleveland in 1869 and went on up the astounding total of 1,129 points-an and I want to take this opportunity to to become one of the greatest football average of 45 a game-while their opponents share this article with our colleagues. coaches the game has ever known. As a were scoring only a total of 61. The article follows: tribute to his unique and outstanding One of Heisman's Georgia. Tech tea.Ins set (From Science magazine, Apr. 7, 1978) achievements, I would like to submit into a record that probably will never be equalled the RECORD a biographical sketch of as a record high, when it swept over Cumber­ AN ALASKA LANDS BILL To PLEASE John Heisman, written by Earl R. la.nd-220 to O. ENVIRONMENTALISTS Hoover, senior vice president of the Worth noting is how Reisman became (By Luther J. Carter) Shaker Savings Association, Shaker "Father Of The Forward Pass". In the early The environmental legislation that holds days, the forward pass was illegal-verboten! top priority this year with the Carter Admin­ Heights, Ohio. In 1895, when Reisman was scouting a game istration, and with the national environ­ The biographical sketch follows: between Georgia. and North Carolina., he saw mental groups theinselves, is the Ala.ska. WHO Is REISMAN? something that gave him the idea that the lands blll. So far, prospects for passage of a (By Earl R. Hoover) forward pass should be made legal-and he strong measure that would give protected The elusive answer to that question still became the leading apostle espousing such a status to vast new areas a.re still looking up, baffles most Americans. change. A North Carolina punter-being a.s was demonstrated on 21 March when the Most perhaps have heard of The Reisman overrun by rushing Georgia ta.cklers­ House Committee on Interior and Insular Football Trophy-but that is about all. couldn't get off a. kick-and instinctively did Affairs reported legislation which the en­ Most, too, can't tell what the Trophy is­ something illegal-he threw a pass forward. vironmentalists' Ala.ska. Coalition regards as or who awards it-or to whom it is awarded­ A teammate caught it and ran 70 yards for a "good bill." or anything about Reisman the man-or his the only touchdown, winning the game. Enactment of legislation in 1978 to com­ first name--or where he was born--or his Georgia. screamed protest, but the referee plete the "four systeins"-tha.t is, the sys­ life work--or what he did that merits such said, "I didn't see it". tems of national parks, wildlife refuges, na­ a famous Trophy being named after him. In that illegal forward pass, Reisman saw tional forests, and wild and scenic rivers­ This lack or knowledge is strange because something that would save the game. He ad­ would represent a final major step toward the Trophy has been awarded annually for vised-let's make the forward pass legal­ dividing up Ala.ska.. The Statehood Act of more than 40 years by New York City's Down­ i t will open up the game-eliminate the ex­ 1959, which allowed the new state to select town Athletic Club-to the nation's out­ ceptional brutality that could destroy foot­ 103 milllon acres ( or a.bout a third of Alas­ standing football player-and has been high­ ball. ka) , and the Ala.ska Native Claiins Act of ly touted by the news media. Accordingly, when the Rules Committee 1971, which allowed the natives to select 44 Just within this decade, some Clevelanders was cha.ired by the immortal Walter Ca.mp, million acres, represented ea.rller steps have awakened to the fact that Reisman is Reisman hounded the Committee to make toward deciding what is to become of the a part of Cleveland's heritage. So far as is the forward pass legal-but he couldn't con­ United States' la.st great undeveloped fron­ known-no Ohio or Cleveland history book vince Ca.mp. Finally, Heisma.n went over tier region. (until 1977) ever noted that Reisman was Camp's hea.d-a.nd convinced other members There is little doubt that a. bill will be born in Cleveland-or what he did to war­ of the Rules Committee who ma.de the for­ passed, because final selection and pa.tenting rant his name being immortaliz-ed by such ward pass legal in 1906. of most of the state's and some of the na­ a. Trophy. That 1977 book is: "Cradle of Worth noting, too, is how Reisman in­ tives' land cannot proceed until Congress Greatness: National & World Achievements vented the center snap with which most plays acts to complete the four systeins. The real of Ohio's Western Reserve." a.re started. At the time in the 1890's, Reis­ question has been how Congress will deal This oversight is astounding when one man was coach a.t Buchtel. Then, the way the with potential resource conflicts, a.s in defin­ learns the facts that: center got the ball to the quarterback was to ing the boundaries and the degree of pro­ 1. The Probate Court records in Cleveland roll it on the ground. Unfortunately, Heisma.n tection for new park and refuge areas that show that John William Reisman was born had a Buchtel quarterback, Harry Clark, who may contain significant mineral deposits on October 3, 1869 at 183 Bridge Avenue was as tall as Abraham Lincoln-6 ft. 4 or oil and gas reserves (Science, 4 November inches-too tall to bend over for the ground­ (now No. 2825, due to number changing). 1977). It's the southeast corner of Bridge and West ers. By the time he did, he'd be smothered. 29th Street. Reisman overcame the handicap by telllng The Interior Committee bill, reported out 2. Reisman was one of the great college the center just to toss the ball between his on a 32 to 13 vote, would place another 95 football coaches of all time, and as such, is legs-and the center snap-now a pa.rt of mlllion acres in the four systems. Counting enshrined in the College Football Hall of every ga.me-wa.s born on Ohio soil.e the some 48 million acres already so clas­ Fa.me. sified, there would be a total of about 143 3. Along with such football giants as million acres in these systeins altogether. Of Walter Camp, Alonzo Stagg and "Pop" this total, a.bout 73 million acres would be designated a.s wilderness, from which a.11 de­ Warner-Reisman is one of the great in­ THE ALASKAN NATIONAL INTEREST novators of the game, a.nd velopment would be excluded except where 4. No football game is played-whether LANDS CONSERVATION ACT valid mining claiins or oil and gas develop­ college or professional-in any staduim or ment rights have been established already. bowl or anywhere-without the spectators HON. ANDY IRELAND A proposal by Representative Lloyd Meeds seeing some play or other things originated (D-Wash.) to cut the wilderness acreage by by Reisman. OF FLORIDA 40 million acres ha.d the support of mining In order to correct this neglect-and to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES industry and oil and gas lobbyists and failed by only four votes. awaken Cleveland a.nd the nation-to their Tuesday, May 9, 1978 rich heritage in Reisman the ma.n-the The environmental lobbyists did not pre­ Rotary Club of Cleveland (which is the •Mr.IRELAND. Mr. Speaker, the House vail on all of the issues put to a vote. For second largest Rotary Club in the World out will soon be considering H.R. 39, the instance, a. major disappointment for them

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., • 13106 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 9, 1978 was the denial of wilderness classification and would not eliminate these functions or tains its capability to defend itself. If for the spectacular Misty Fjords area-where improve the efficiency of those performing we do not, and if Israel is defeated, we the U.S. Borax Corporation has made a major such functions. molybdenum discovery-in the Tongass Na­ Farm Bureau also opposes attempts to de­ will be responsible for another Holo­ tional Forest in southeast Alaska. With re­ mote Agriculture to a subcabinet-level caust, far worse than the one which was spect to the Arctic National Wildlife Range status. so recently portrayed on our television on the North Slope, which some petroleum At our most recent annual meeting of the screens.• geologists regard as favorable to the discov­ American Farm Bureau Federation, in Hou­ ery of another "Prudhoe Bay," the environ­ ston, the voting delegates of the member mentalists experienced some losses as well State Farm Bureaus adopted the following VETERANS' BENEFITS AND as gains. The range would be closed to com­ policy relating to the USDA: SERVICES mercial oil and gas exploration and develop­ "The U.S. Department of Agriculture ment, but a significant part of it would be should continue to be a full cabinet level opened to a government-run program of ex­ department. We shall vigorously oppose all HON. MICHAEL T. BLOUIN ploration. efforts to rename it or consolidate it with OF IOWA Sponsors of the bill, such as Representa­ any other department or agency of govern­ tive Morris Udall (D-Ariz.), the Interior ment. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES committee's chairman, say that access to "We will seek to reestablish service to Tuesday, May 9, 1978 about 70 percent of all of the land in Alaska agriculture as the primary responsibility of that has mineral potential would not be af­ the USDA." • Mr. BLOUIN. Mr. Speaker, this past fected by the legislation. The USDA, like all other Executive Depart­ week when the House had under con­ The Alaska lands bill now goes to the ments, should be studied to determine sideration the first concurrent budget House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Com­ whether it is fulfilling its stated purposes. resolution, I was pleased to have sup­ mittee, which has jurisdiction over wildlife We do not believe that the reasons which port-ed the amendment offered by the refuges. If, as expected, the bill is sent to justified the creation of a department of distinguished chairman of the Veterans' the floor with the strong support of this agriculture are any less valid today than Affairs Committee, RAY ROBERTS, to in­ committee as well as the Interior committee, they were when the Department was established. crease funding levels for veterans' bene­ its chances for House passage in pretty much fits and services. Moreover, I was pleased its present form are likely to be excellent. Its fate in the Senate, where it will go to to see that the vast majority of the House the Committee on Energy and Natural Re­ ISRAEL CELEBRATES 30TH concurred, given the fact that our body sources, headed by senator Henry M. Jack­ ANNIVERSARY overwhelmingly approved this measure son (D-Wash.), is an open question. Jackson by a vote of 362 to 33. represents a complex blend of conservation­ It is certainly fashionable these days ist and development tendencies, and nobody HON. HAROLD C. HOLLENBECK to call for wholescale reductions in do­ knows how he will finally come out on the OF NEW JERSEY mestic programs, and I will be the first Alaska lands issue. But the environmental to admit that some of these programs lobbyists have shown that they can generate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES significant grass roots support on this is­ Tuesday, May 9, 1978 have outlived their usefullness and sue, and this should count in the Senate as should be eliminated. At the same time, it has in the House.e e Mr. HOLLENBECK. Mr. Speaker, on however, I have never been able to accept May 14, 1948, a courageous group of the arguments of those who desire to men and women met to proclaim the apply the "scalpel" to veterans' programs creation of the State of Israel. In doing as a means of solving this country's eco­ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF so, they took the first step toward a cen­ nomic woes. AGRICULTURE turies-old dream of the Jewish people­ Support of the Roberts amendments an independent Jewish homeland, open was, in my mind, symbolic in that it ex­ to all, and where people could be free to pressed support of those men and women HON. CHARLES E. GRASSLEY follow the teachings of their faith with­ who have served this country in peace, OF IOWA out the persecution they had endured as well as in war. Moreover, I believe IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for centuries. that the Congress recent action will Tuesday, May 9, 1978 On Sunday, we will celebrate the 30th serve notice that in the future we not anniversary of that event. In the years only expect but demand that veterans Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. Speaker, on since its beginning, Israel has become not be treated as second-class citizens. previous occasions, I have expressed my what its founders envisioned-a strong, Had the Roberts amendment not been concern about any reorganization of the prosperous state where the Jewish passed, my home State of Iowa would U.S. Department of Agriculture. No one people control their own destiny. Israel have experienced not only a severe re­ could be more in favor of efficient gov­ has also become the strong and faith­ duction in hospital beds but in medical­ ernment than I. However, I fear that ful ally of the United States, a nation related services as well. Moreover, had many elements of the rumored reorga­ which has stood with America as the the Congress not increased funding levels nization, which some have been arguing voice of democracy in the Middle East. for veterans' programs, it would not for as needed for efficiency, would not be Survival, though, has not been easy have been possible for the Congress to in the best interest of the farmers and for Israel. The Arab nations which sur­ act on H.R. 10173, the Veterans' Pen­ farm families throughout our Nation. round her have threatened to wipe sion Reform Act, which is presently Recently, the American Farm Bureau Israel from the map. In four different awaiting approval of the House. Federation released a statement I agree wars they have thrown their military As most know, H.R. 10173, of which I with regarding reorganization of the might against Israel, only to be repulsed am honored to be a cosponsor with my U.S. Department of Agriculture. The each time. distinguished colleague, SONNY MONT­ text of this statement is as follows: Although there have been signs re­ GOMERY, chairman of the Subcommittee STATEMENT OF THE AMERICAN FARM BUREAU cently that Egypt, at least, may be mod­ on Compensation, Pension and Insur­ FEDERATION REGARDING REORGANIZATION OF erating its enmity toward Israel, the ance, is landmark legislation that would, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE hostility of the majority of the Arab for the first time, insure that a veteran's Various federal government reorganiza­ world continues unabated. The PLO and pension would not be reduced as a re­ tion proposals have included provisions to other terrorist groups have continued sult of annual social security cost-of­ transfer, revamp or eliminate functions now their campaign of wanton destruction performed by the Department of Agriculture. living increases. Moreover, this particu­ within Israel itself. lar bill contains a provision that will While Farm Bureau continues to support I desire peace in the Middle East as efficient government, Farm Bureau vigorous­ grant an annual pension of $804 to those ly opposes attempts to transfer functions much as anyone, Mr. Speaker. but I will veterans 80 years or older. now performed by the Department of Agri­ not bargain for peace with the lives of Now while this latter-mentioned pro­ culture to either existing or new depart­ millions of Israeli citizens. We cannot, vision will not go as far in aiding this ments of the Executive Branch. Simply and I will not support any move which country's World War I veterans as I transferring the functions now performed threatens to impose peace at the ex­ would have liked, I do believe it is a by the USDA to some other government pense of Israeli security. We have an step in the right direction in aiding these agency would represent a cosmetic change obligation to insure that Israel main- deserving individuals. May 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13107 Once again, I would like to salute the four Salt Lake City teenagers killed last not about to send American boys off to die Congress for taking this positive action August when the brakes of a 121- over the Panama Canal. Perhaps that is just on behalf of the veterans of the State equipped tractor-trailer failed. But if as well, if we really don't have the determi­ nation to back them up and see it through. of Iowa and of the United States as DAN MARRIOTT has his way, such sense­ It may even be courageous and patriotic for well.• less tragedies will be averted in the f u­ a Senator to put his political life on the line ture.e by opposing public opinion, if the public it­ self will not be willing to pay the price of DAN MARRIOTT PRAISED FOR its desire to keep the canal. But if that is LEADERSHIP IN FIGHT AGAINST WHEN A NATION'S WILL DIES where we are, we need to be told that loud PHONY SAFETY STANDARD and clear, like a danger signal in the night. Instead, all sorts of efforts aroe made to con­ HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO ceal it, with verbal sleight-of-hand about our HON. BUD SHUSTER OF CALIFORNIA generosity or anti-colonialism or other such OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES drivel. If our leaders' diagnosis of the public's will is wrong, we need to correct it at the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, May 9, 1978 next election. And if the diagnosis is right, Tuesday, May 9, 1978 we need to realize that far mere formidable e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I adversaries than Torrijos are likely to know e Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, a high­ would like to bring to the attention of it, and that the ultimate cost may be far way safety milestone was reached on my colleagues an editorial which ap­ higher than the Panama Canal. May 4, 1978, when a House subcommittee peared in the Washington Star on May 6, A post-Vietnam unwillingness to get in­ agreed to an amendment dealing with 1978: volved militarily overseas is understandable, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard WHEN A NATION'S WILL DIES as a. short run swing of the pendulum. A (FMVSS) 121. The House Surface Trans­ (By Thomas Sowell) similar sense of the futility of war over­ portation Subcommittee, on whi::h I The barbarian armies that finally over­ whelmed a whole generation disillusioned by serve as ranking minority member, ran the Roman Empire were smaller than the carnage of World War I. Young men in other barbarian armies that had been turned the 1930's openly took the "Oxford pledge" adopted an amendment to prohibit the never to fight for their country. But once use of any funds authorized pursuant to back and cut to pieces by the Roman legions in earlier centuries. The Barbarians weren't they saw the bombs falling on their homes, part II of the Interstate Commerce Act stronger. Rome was weaker-and it was self­ this generation vindicated themselves in the for enforcement of this controversial weakened. Each Roman legion was smaller skies over Britain and on the beaches at standard. Although I offered the amend­ than before, less heavily armed and armored, Normandy. But a terrible price was paid by ment, the record should be clear that and less disciplined. The Roman aristocracy the whole world in the meantime-and it the man deserving the credit for leading no longer provided officers for the legions. was almost too late. The timetable of a nu­ the fight against this phony safety Emperors no longer led them in battle. clear war may not permit second thoughts. standard is Congressman DAN MARRIOTT Roman youths increasingly evaded mllitary Once we have traded away enough mili­ of Utah. service. Rome's enemies could destroy it only tary technology for social programs, giving after it lost the will to resist. the Soviets a decisive advantage, it may no I referred to this event as a milestone America's will to resist has also been vis­ longer be possible to decide that we have because despite a history of brake fail­ ibly declining. We have abandoned the de­ gone too far and turn back. If the Soviets ures, accidents, and deaths directly at­ fense of American vessels seized on the high ever get the same overwhelming military tributable to the required antilock de­ seas-both fishing boats and U.S. Navy era.ft. advan.tage over the United States that Amer­ vice, the standard was seemingly im­ We have let our once superior military power ica once had over them, they can unilaterally mune to congressional intervention. But deteriorate to what we now hope is "parity," forbid our development of the needed tech­ as more and more of the military share of nology by declaring that to be an act of for the vigilant efforts of Congressman war. Just as they had to back down in the MARRIOTT, this could still be the case the federal budget has been diverted towel­ fare spending. Rome did that too-it makes Cuban missile crisis, we would have to back today. politicians popular in the short run. Finally, down or face annihilation. He has waged a relentless battle we have advertised to the world our declin­ Mutual nuclear overkill can be oversold against this standard and the bureau­ ing will to resist by turning over the Panama as a deterrent to international blackmail. crats at the National Highway Traffic Canal under threat of violence. Does a policeman have "overkill" whenever Safety Administration f surpluses by the However, in attempting to present a March that product lia.bllity losses wlll drain central government ls bad, and there may true picture, even Mr. Geisel's use of st a­ a. whopping $100 billion from the economy be times when it ls good. Deficits are ex­ tistics are subject to question. For ex­ by 1980. pansionary and usually inflationary to the ample, he indicated that the Insurance Modern Ma.terlals Handling's figure would rest of an economy; surpluses a.re contrac­ mean product Uabillty losses totaled $21 bil­ tlonary and usually deflationary to the rest Services Office w levels of output, income and em­ volving property damage. These figures the best statistical evidence to date on the ployment, especially when weak demand extent of product liabillty problems for also are trended data, rather than actual manufacturers. already has prices and wages under down­ cash payments. The actual average pay­ ward pressures. Surpluses produce paydowns ISO said the total payout for cla.hns in its of outstanding government promises to pay ment per claim was $3,592 for claims in­ nine-month study, representing most of the and usually reduce money supply. volving bodily injury, and $1,614 for product liabillty insurance ln the U.S., was claims involving property damage, fig­ only $257 mlllion. In essence: to create and increase deficits According to Gordon Thomas, the man­ ln relatively good times is to cause new ures considerably lower than even Mr. Geisel cites in his article. aging editor of Modern Materials Handllng, monetary inflation; to create and increase the $100 blllion estimate ls based on soaring surpluses in bad times ls to cause deflation Two other factors bear comment. The increases in product lla.billty suits, a big and to aggravate recessltm. ISO Closed Claim Study, in addition to Jump in the size of the average a.ward to 3. Wage and Price Controls. Freezes or finding that in 75 percent of all verdicts plaintiffs and a hefty rise ln the percentage government-administered restraints on plaintiffs recover nothing, indicated that of Juries finding ln favor of the plaintiff. prices and wages in an inflationary environ­ the average payment per claim after Mr. Thomas said the $100 billion projec­ ment haven't worked anywhere in the past court verdict was merely $6,771 for bod­ tion, which refers only to courtroom awards, and are not likely to do so anywhere in was based on information the magazine was the future. It's somewhat like turning up the ily injury claims, substantially less than aware of as of January 1977. Since then vari­ flame under the kettle with the left hand the $79,940 figure cited in the article. ous tort reform proposals and mounting and then trying to contain the steam in the There is one other statistic in Mr. publlclty may have significantly reduced kettle with the right hand. Sooner or later Geisel's article, attributed to the ISO, product llab111ty problems, he contended, the lid wlll blow and everybody's hands wlll which may be inaccurate, this time on making the $100 billion projection too high. get burned. From our distorted experiences the low side. I refer to the estimate that Mr. Thomas said that according to the of only a few years ago, one would hope that Defense Research Institute, the number of our polltlclans and bureaucrats would have there were between 60,000 and 70,000 product llab111ty suits rose from 100,000 in learned this one. From some recent rum­ product liability claims in 1976. This fig­ 1966 to 500,000 in 1971. On that basis, Mr. bllngs out of Washington, they apparently ure is derived by taking the number of Thomas projected the number of suits might did not. claims that were closed within the ISO rise to 1.2 mllllon by 1980. 4. Taxes. One would think that to the ex­ study period-which was in fact 8 'h But Donald Hirsch, DRI associate research tent that business has to pay the tax bills months, not 9 months, extrapolating director, said the organization did not esti­ that nobody else has to. The truth is that these to find the total that would have mate that suits increased from 100,000 to all consumers ultimately pay all the tax bills. 500,000. All of the other bills, too, for that matter. been closed on the basis of a 12-month The Insurance Services Office (ISO) esti­ These costs do get picked up and passed period, and then extrapolating further to mated in fall 1977 the total incurred claims along ln increased prices. (If you've been take into account the fact that the ISO in 1976 for all U.S. insurers of product llabll­ reading from the outset of this article, you sample included only 60 to 70 percent lty were between 60,000 and 70,000. should now be able to respond: "But, that's of the product liability insurance market. Modern Materials Handling also said that not the ca.use of inflation at all.")• The deficiency in this approach is that according to Jury Verdict Research Inc., a 13112 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 9, 1978 Cleveland research firm, the percentage of imparting industrial skills to its employ­ unclear, that there is no way to tell where juries finding in favor o! the plaintiff in­ ees, teaching them how to work in an we stand at the present time. creased from 43 % in 1965 to 54 % in 1974. Now how can they say that? The magazine projected that figure would industrial environment and developing A close look at the record-and at the plane increase to 61 % by 1980. awareness in the worker of his rights. sale proposal-shows our policy to be crystal ISO, however, reported in its closed claims Tuna canning employment represents clear. Take a look: study that less than 25% o! defendants are 5 percent of all manufacturing employ­ It was a week or so ago that the adminis­ found liable in cases that result in a court ment in Puerto Rico and 7 percent of f e­ tration announced the plan to sell advanced verdict. male manufacturing employment in our warplanes to both the Israelis and the Arabs, The magazine also reported that Jury Ver­ island. Fiscal year 1976 shipments to the in about equal numbers. Congress was asked dict Research found the average award to the U.S. mainland totaling $266 million rep­ to approve the sale. plaintiff jumped from $11,644 in 1965 to $79,- But some of those nasty guys in the Con­ 940 in 1973. resented about 41 percent of the entire gress indicated the deal might not go Margaret T. Gorman, director of research U.S. tuna output. The tuna shipments through. That's because there are a lot of for Jury Verdict Research, said the 1973 esti­ were the largest single item in Puerto guys up on Capitol Hill who think it's a mate represents the arithmetic average o! all Rican sales. change in our foreign policy to sell war­ jury verdicts that made up its sample; the Industry technology practiced in tuna planes to the Arabs when historically we 1965 estimate is based on a sample o! be­ canning plants has also come to bear have sold them just to the Israelis. tween 70 and 100 verdicts, Ms. Gorman said. upon development in Puerto Rico's other So these elitist Congress types said they But the payment a plaintiff receives after would not approve the sale as proposed. In­ the appeals process is exhausted usually is important food processing industries­ stead, they suggested that two separate considerably less than the initial award. ISO namely dairy, sugar, tobacco, coffee, requests, one for planes for Israel and an­ found the average payment !or product lia­ fruits, rum and molasses. The entire food other for planes for the Arabs, be considered b111ty claim involving bodily injury to be processing industry is rapidly expanding one at a time. That way each request could $13,911 and $2,798 per property claim.e in Puerto Rico-a condition which is be considered on its merits, they said. making it more feasible and productive A few days later, the President made him­ for Puero Ricans to live on their island. self more perfectly clear when his Secretary THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY OF TUNA The continued growth of tuna canning of State, Cyrus Vance, told newspeople that CANNING INDUSTRY the planes deal was no renunciation of old has made a meaningful contribution to policy, at all. In fact, Vance said, there is no Operation Bootstrap, the program for reason why the Congress can't vote on the HON. BALTASAR CORRADA Puerto Rican economic development two plane sales separately if it wants to. OF PUERTO RICO which has raised the standard of living The President, Vance said, has no inten­ dramatically. tion of depriving the Congress of its rightful IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is to be noted that the Puerto Rican right to approve munitions deals with for­ Tuesday, May 9, 1978 tuna canning industry is an important eign nations as it sees flt. Did this mean the President had changed Mr. CORRADA. Mr. Speaker, the year part of the entire U.S. tuna canning in­ his mind? 1978 marks the 75th anniversary of tuna dustry which in this diamond jubilee Absolutely not. canning industry in the United States year will pack over 30 million cases worth On Sunday, on one of those TV interview and I am proud of this opportunity to more than $850 million. Today the tuna shows, Vance made the President yet more point out the manner in which the Com­ c~nning industry has an estimated $1 perfectly clear when he said Lt is not the monwealth of Puerto Rico has contrib­ billion impact on the Nation's economy. policy of the United States to sell advanced uted to the growth of this industry to its It is an honor for the Commonwealth warplanes to only Israel and not the Arabs. of Puerto Rico and its people to be in­ The fact is, Vance said, the President point of eminence in the processing of wants it ma.de very clear that if the Congress food for our Nation. cluded among the major contributors to does not approve the warplanes deal as pro­ Although the tuna industry traces the the great success of the U.S. tuna can­ posed, then the administration doesn't want early days of its founding to southern ning industry during its 75-year history. to sell warplanes to either side. California, today all major tuna packers Well then, whose side are we on in the operate in Puerto Rico, including the Middle East, reporters wanted to know. National Packing Co., Star Kist Caribe, On the side of peace, of course, Vance said, A PERFECTLY CLEAR CASE making the President's position absolutely Inc., Neptune Packing Corp., Bumble Bee clear. Puerto Rico, Inc., and West Gate Caribe, What could be more clear than President Inc. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI Carter's statement on Monday, when Israeli It is a matter of record that in 1953, OF ILLINOIS prime Minister Mena.chem Begin visited the National Packing Co. opened the first IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES White House? tuna processing and packing plant in The United States is unalterably on the Tuesday, May 9, 1978 side of Israel, he said. The United States will Ponce. This plant began operations with be on Israel's side "forever," he stressed. 122 workers. Today, 25 years later and • Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the When his press secretary, Jody Powell, was after considerable effort by various Gov­ President seems to bounce from one con­ asked if the planes deal isn't in contradic­ ernment agencies, especially the Eco­ troversy to another. In large part, this is tion to the "forever" statement. Especially nomic Development Administration, to caused by the conflict between his views since Begin and the Israelis are very much promote the industry's expansion in as the President and those he expressed against the plane sale package. Puerto Rico, the tuna cannery workers during the campaign. For example, the Powell said any differences between Carter number nearly 7,000 with an annual pay­ President has constantly adjusted his and Begin "were not allowed to intrude" on the good feelings that surrounded their visit roll of about $35 million. Another 12,000 Positions on sensitive matters, especially at the White House. workers, plus 833 crewmembers and in his dealings in the Middle East. As a Now isn't that clear enough for the press, shore personnel are employed indirectly result, he has developed quite a credi­ and for the public? to support the operation of some 50 tuna bility gap. Of course, all of this has been watched vessels. Dennis Wheeler, editor of the Star with interest in Egypt. Aside from the planes Five companies now operate seven in­ Herald publications of the Williams sale talk, the Egyptians were worried about dividual tuna canning plants. Employ­ Press, serving Cook County, Ill., finds the a Carter interview story in which the Presi­ dent seemed to indicate the Israeli plan for ment within the industry has grown at confusion caused by the President's in­ self-rule in the Gaza Strip and West Bank an annual rate of 20.5 percent per year consistency of special interest in his might be a good one. with a concomitant payroll increase of column of May 4, which I wish to in­ The Arab states did not like this, thinking 28.6 annually, providing a steadily in­ sert at this time: it was a shift in the U.S. foreign policy, which creasing flow of funds for local business [From the Star Herald, May 4, 1978) before had pretty much backed the Egyptian peace plans. and commerce within the Ponce and A PERFECTLY CLEAR CASE Mayaguez areas. But our ambassador in Egypt put Egypt's (By Dennis Wheeler) !ears at rest Monday when he made it com­ In the last 25 years, the tuna canning The press is giving President Jimmy Carter pletely and totally clear that the United industry in Puerto Rico has enjoyed a real roasting because of his warplanes sale States does not think the Israeli plan for rapid growth and has become a major proposal. It claims the proposal is not con­ self-rule in the Gaza Strip and West Bank force in the economy of Puerto Rico and sistent with our Middle East policy. would make a good basis !or peace. its industrial development, not only pro­ The newspeople further charge that our So why does the prets keep saying our viding employment directly, but also by Middle East policy has become muddled and policy is not clear? May 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13113 Any fool can see It ls consistent, forth­ She is familiar to thousands of TV view­ You who live here know BUI Putnam as a right, unwavering, and-above all-unalter­ ers as the hostess of the popular show rugged individualist and a forceful spokes­ ably, comprehensively, and convincingly per­ "Kitty Today" and serves as the chair­ man for what he believes in. NBC knows him fectly clear.e that way too. man of the Television Board of the Na­ He has always been a prominent and forth­ tional Association of Broadcasters right voice in the broadcasting business, and articipation in legislation. amendments, please make your opinions establishing regulations covering research She has conducted a vigorous lobbying known to Mr. Staggers, Mr. Rogers, and all using recombinant DNA techniques. campaign on the universities' behalf in col­ members of the full committee". Already three of the four universities­ laboration with Mr. Donald Moulton, until At the mark-up session on 13 March, the Harvard, Stanford and Princeton-face the recently Harvard's assistant vice-president full committee considered the joint Stag­ possibllity of state legislation covering such for Community Affairs, now working in com­ gers-Rogers Bill, now formally known as HR research; and Harvard has been made sub­ mercial real estate and acting for Harvard 11192. Two amendments seeking to rephrase ject to local ordinances passed last year by as a. consultant. (Although Ms Nixon has the preemption language were voted down. Cambridge City Council. provided the Congress with details of her The first. which would have reversed the Bill 13132 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 9, 1978 by placing responsibllity on the Secretary of put forward by Stevenson as a compromise shadows of the bloody, Byzantine tyrant, HEW to show that local, more stringent between Kennedy and Javits. they were men who were clever enough, regulations were not necessary, had been Neither of these two initiatives has been ruthless enough, or wiley enough to avoid supported by pressure groups such as the Na­ welcomed by the Harvard-based lobbyists. tional League of Cities; the second, which Although the debate on the adequacy of the being murdered, even though the ranks would have changed "necessary" to "reason­ NIH's safety guidelines has calmed down in a of their comrades in the Communist able" was rejected on a voice vote which the way that most scientists find acceptable, the Party of the Soviet Union were being chairman, in a hotly-disputed decision, re­ political reverberations threaten to Unger on systematically decimated day and night. fused to put to a count. into what could again become a long, hot It is too often forgotten that these were Deep political differences are revealed by summer debate.e the same men who collaborated in the the committee's report on its mark-up ses­ mass murders of the Stalin regime, send­ sion. The majority report states that "local ing many millions to their deaths before action is not always based upon careful con­ firing squards or in Siberian concentra­ sideration or understanding of the available THE SOVIET ELITE facts on a particular issue". tion camps. In contrast, the six dissenting members The problem, Mr. Speaker, is not who voted against the final version of the HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN merely the ideological rigidity of the So­ Bill state that "our fundamental concern as OF CALIFORNIA viet leadership. The fact is that we are to the preemption issue is with the notion dealing with a self-perpetuating elite that a scientific elite and an insular federal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES baptized in the bloody violence of total­ bureaucracy know what is best for the peo­ Tuesday, May 9, 1978 ple", an attitude which is "contrary to the itarianism. Suspicion is for them an in­ principles of Jeffersonian democracy ..." • Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, profes­ surance for survival. Violent struggle is In Cambridge, ex-mayor Alfred Vellucci, sional students of Soviet behavior are not simply an abstract norm of life for who was largely responsible for moves that bound to get a bit irritated with the the Soviet elite, it is a way of life. Stabil­ led to the setting up of a local Biohazards naive assumptions and assessments of ity is only respite from the struggle; and Committee to oversee the regulation of DNA Soviet foreign policy they hear so f re­ for them, the struggle is international. It research at Harvard and Massachusetts In­ is a struggle in which they see them­ stitute of Technology, called a press confer­ quently in the Capitol. It is a recurrent, ence to declare that he would "put up a often implicit, theme of Washington selves as the vanguard of the future. fight" against Federal preemption. Sheldon policymakers that the Soviet leaders do Mr. Speaker, there is nothing in the Krimsky of Tufts University, a member of not really mean what they say; that intellectual or professional experience of the panel which had suggested setting up the their longstanding commitment to ad­ the Soviet leaders that would lead them committee, announced that "everything that vance the cause of Communism around to accept international agreements at occurred· in Cambridge will really be mean­ the world is merely rhetoric to be uttered face value. They are not the well finished ingless if this legislation is passed". products of the finer American acad­ Unless an amendment is offered when HR on ceremonial occasions, such as May 11192 is debated on the floor, the Staggers­ Day of the anniversary of the October emies, the best universities, or the Rogers Bill seems likely to prevail in the Revolution. high caliber legal or business firms of House of Representatives, with full Federal This naive Western mentality led the New York or Chicago. It is time we recog­ preemption. Mr. Moulton said last week that distinguished professor of Slavonic nized this fact, and desist from indulging he was "optimistic" about the outcome. studies at the University of London, utopian ~xpectations or the profound ob­ In the Senate, however, things are much Hugh Seton-Watson, to remark sar­ servations of Ham Jordan on geopolit­ less certain. Senator Edward Kennedy, the ical realities. author of a Bill which was the focus of at­ castically: tention last year until he dropped his sup­ What 200,000 Communist Party officials, Mr. Speaker, Dr. Robert Conquest, a port for it, has been consistently opposed to from Brezhnev down to the secretaries of distinguished author and a foremost Federal legislation. And last month, rather party branches in factories or collective British authority on Soviet political be­ than introduce the Staggers-Rogers Blll into farms, tell their subjects is all camouflage. havior, explores these several themes in the Senate as had been predicted, the Senator The real views of the Soviet leaders are what a penetrating article in a recent edition introduced his own Bill in which preemption some nice guy from the Soviet delegation of Policy Review, an academic journal. ls not mentioned. at the U.N. said over a drink or what an The universities' lobbyists have been try­ itinerant Midwestern scientist heard from Dr. Conquest warns us not to expect any ing hard to get this reversed. The Bill pre­ some friendly academician in Novosibirsk. substantial change in the next genera­ pared for Mr. Staggers was also given to the tion of Soviet leaders for they too have staff of Senator Jacob Javits of New York, Mr. Speaker, what the Soviet leaders "drunk deeply the draughts of demon who had previously argued against Kennedy, do tell their subordinates is very un­ ideology." I commend Professor Con­ in favour of strong Federal preemption. pleasant. It does not flt very well with quests' observations to your close atten­ A few weeks ago, the chances of success the spirit of detente. They repeat an old tion, and ask that they be inserted in the looked high, since the various senators (apart theme, a theme repeated since Lenin from Kennedy) most closely involved with RECORD. seized power in 1917. They say that the WHY THE SoVIET ELITE Is DIFFERENT FROM Us the DNA issue seemed to favour fairly strong world is locked in a life and death strug­ Federal preemption. But two recent events gle between capitalism and communism. (By Robert Conquest) a.re giving the lobbyists cause for concern. And they say that this struggle will only The single error most likely to lead to The first is a subtle but significant shift trouble, even disaster, in the field of foreign in the Administration's position on preemp­ come to an end when the forces of com­ affairs is misapprehension about the basic tion, following a heated dispute between the munism are victorious. That end, they motivations of the Soviet leadership. This domestic counsel of the White House, who tell us, in inevitable. applies both in the grand perspectives of try­ has in general been against strong Federal How long, Mr. Speaker, can we go on ing to establish a peaceable and cooperative preemption, and the director of the National believing that they do not really mean it? world, and in the handling of the immediate Institutes of Health, Dr. Donald Frederick­ How long can we continue to delude our­ local crises which continually shake the in­ son, who has in general been in favour of it. selves? Far too many of our business­ ternational scene; that is, in both strategy Presenting evidence to a subcommittee of men, academics, and journalists picture and tactics. the House Science and Technology Commit­ the Soviets as mirror images of them­ All policymakers concerned, whether tee last week, Dr. Gilbert Omenn, assistant selves. They project their own values, ex­ statesmen or scholars or journalists, are li­ director of the President's Office of Science able to such error unless we make a con­ and Technology, revealed that a compromise pectations and aspirations into a Krem­ tinual effort-which is an effort of the in­ had been reached. He said that while the lin leadership whose entire intellectual, tellect, but also of the imagination. For it Administration supported HR 11192, it felt cultural, and political experience is so is only too natural, even in ordinary life, to Congress's intentions could be met with a utterly alien to their own. The truth is project on to others one's own notions of test that the change proposed by the states that they are indulging in a dangerous "normal" conduct, of common-sense. When or localities be "reasonable" rather than and truly narrow-minded fantasy. They it comes to the products of a quiet alien "necessary". are playing "let's pretend" with our na­ political culture, we tend to a more or less A further factor likely to affect the Senate tional security. automatic, unthinking approach, based on debate is the imminent publication of the is unconscious ( and usually false) assump­ report on hearings held by Senator Adlai It often forgotten that the current tions. Whatever else may be said about the Stevenson last November. These a.re expected Kremlin leaders are the legitimate heirs Vietnam War, at lea.st 1-t is clear that the to contain detailed recommendations for of Josef Stalin. These are the men who Politburo in Hanoi was simply not playing legislation, including suggestions for a survived the violent spasmodic purges the game of escalations, signals and re­ weaker preemptive provision which could be of the 1930's and the 1940's. Living in the sponses those in charge of operations against May 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13133 them thought reasonable and natural, and so a harsh form of unnatural selection which ties-would equally apply to China. But a for· unreservedly applicable. It would be a pity produced a yet more alien type. tiori, no non-Communist regime is in prin· to make the same sort of mistake on a global The physicist Dr. Alexander Weissberg, a clple legitimate, and in the long run all must be destroyed. Meanwhile, as indeed scale. victim and student of the Purge, notes of There have always been highly differing those who rose at the time, "The choosing with China, questions of tactical posslb111ty political cultures on the face of our planet. had been a very negative one. They were the make the temporary acceptance of non-Com­ A periwigged Hanoverian kind would never men who had denounced others on innumer­ munist states a necessary historical com­ able occasions. They had bowed the knee promise. Nothing, however, must meanwhile have thought that the intentions of a tur­ stop Soviet support for "proletarian" (i.e. baned and scimitared sultan were the same whenever they had come up against higher authority. They were morally and intellectu­ Communist) movements in the West or for as his own. Gladstone can hardly have be­ "national liberation" (i.e. Communist-spon­ lieved the Mahdi's deepest motives to be ally crippled." They were also completely­ and more than ever-the bearers of the doc­ sored) movements in the Third World. Both much like those of a. British Liberal. But these propositions have been continually nowadays the world's cultures have been trine, "Who-whom?" and of the absolute and publicly asserted-as by Brezhnev in brought close together in a superficial sense. authority of the Party and its doctrine; and person at the 25th Party Congress la.st year­ Communications are immediate, outward ap­ they came from strata which had never been ln Moscow. They ha.ve the corollary that "de­ pea.rances a.re similar. The Politburo in Mos­ touched by Westernization. tente" is not to be interpreted as in any way cow wear Western style suits and speak a. THE YOUNGER GENERATION OF APPARATCHIK hampering the progress of Soviet-aided at­ variant of one of the Western political But it is not so much a matter of Brezhnev, tempts to destroy the pro-Western position dialects. Suslov, Kosygin and others having been anywhere in the world. But the Soviet leaders are, in fact--as formed by, and selected by, the purges. Not "Detente," indeed, is actually defined as a much as any Sultan or Mahdi-the product even that, of the present leadership, "method of struggle." And in practice it of centuries of history very different from our Brezhnev, Grlshin, Gromyko, Kapitonov, never excluded the sight of Soviet tanks own, of a long-standing political psychology Ponomarev, Suslov, Ustinov and Zimyanin rumbling into Saigon and Luanda, and nearly alien to ours in its motives, its judgments, its were members of Stalin's own personally ap­ into Tel Aviv. intentions. Russia, from Mongol times, ha.s pointed Central Committee, no less. For it It is difficult to understand how this point had a.sits dominant political trend a despot­ ls the unanimous view of all sections of un­ has been missed by some in the West. Soviet ism whose claims to total submission by its official thought in the U.S.S.R.-Nadezhda speeches are perfectly clear on the matter. subjects astonished the representatives of the Mandelstam, Academician Sakharov, Roy Professor Seton-Watson, of the London Uni­ supposed absolute monarchies of Central Medvedev-that their pupils, the younger versity School of Slavonic Studies, some Europe. At the same time it had (as Karl generation of apparatchik, the men now years ago commented sourly, "What 200,000 Marx points out) a tendency to unlimited ex­ around 40-45, are even more dogma.tic and communist Party officials, from Brezhnev pansion, which went with this deification of more dangerous, in their total myopia about down to the secretaries of party branches the Russian state. There was no notion of a the dogma and the system. in factories or collective farms, tell their political rule in which the various interests in The leadership, then, and its subordinates subjects is all camouflage. The real views society could be accommodated to their mu­ who constitute the lower power-bases of the of the Soviet leaders a.re what some nice tual benefit--that is, no politics proper, as we Party, are to be seen as men whose attach­ guy from the Soviet delegation at the U.N. understand it, and have understood it right ment to the Leninist attitude is not so much said over a drink or what an itinerant Mid­ back to the Dark Ages. It is true that from one of "opinion," in the sense of accepting western scientist heard from some friendly 1860 a partial and inchoate westernization a view out of which they might be argued academician in Novosibirsk." set in with, from 1905, opposition press and by logic or evidence, as of their whole per­ Their basic motivation, in fact, remains parties and a sort of parliament. But it was sonality. They are soaked in the despotic, the destruction-when and if they can­ precisely this Westernizing, democratic trend and the despotic-revolutionary, tradition. of all other political life-forms. Meanwhile, that the Leninist revolutionaries overthrew, They cannot see the world in terms other they are prepared for various forms of man­ and they were as much opposed to all it stood than those of their whole history. They have euver, of diplomatic and other relationship. for as the representatives of traditional Tsar­ been first determined by their background, It is in this context that we might consider ist despotism had been. Even before the and then specially selected for their sult­ the question of Human Rights in the seizure of power the Bolshevik Party was al­ abillty to this congeries of attitudes. u.s.s.R. Above all, this constitutes the great ready recognized even in revolutionary circles It is thus less a matter of "ideology" than test of their true attitudes-and their true as a sect not only doctrinaire in attitude, but of an inabillty to think in other categories. attitudes to ourselves a.s well. a.lso totally committed to a narrow and ruth­ Brezhnev need not be envisaged as kneeling For here we have a simple test of the way less approach to others. Rosa Luxemburg, down and receiving .the Theses on Feuerbach ln which the Soviet leadership regards dem­ later leader of the German Communist Party, every night ( any more than Richard Coeur ocratic and other ideas which we hold to be referred to Lenin and his followers as men de Lion spent much time reciting the central to the Western culture. When those who meant merely to stand the old Russian Athanasian Creed). He has enough ideology who hold these ideas, and wish to express despotism on its head, with themselves as to get along, and the rest is soaked into his them, are in the power of the Soviet author­ infallible tsars, and also as sunk in "Tartar­ bones. ities-that is, when they are in the U.S.S.R.­ mongolian savagery." This is not to say that conscious ideology they are bullied, arrested, sent to forced la­ The messianic-revolutionary version of the does not play its part. We have accounts of bor camps, subjected to "psychiatric" tor­ despotic tradition believes itself, even more long and serious sermons from Suslov, ture. But if this ls what they do to dem­ strongly than the older type, to be in posses­ Ponomarev and others to representatives of ocrats helpless before the power of the KGB, sion of political Truth. Aga_inst it, no one has foreign Communist Parties, even to the de­ then this ls what they regard as the treat­ any rights. The Leninist version states clearly gree of insisting on a Marxist formulation ment appropriate to democrats everywhere, not only that all systems which deviate from that may be politically disadvantageous to when and if feasible. Such is the unpleasant the true belief are wrong, but also that con­ the Party concerned. And, apart from the negative conclusion to be drawn. But there flict must go on, as a law of history, until mere powermanla of the apparatus, the sole is also the point that we have here a. test they are destroyed. Every negotiation, discus­ rationale of the disastrous collective farm of any evolution on their part to the tolera­ sion and so on is part of a "struggle." The system of agriculture is ideological. When a tion of other political forms in the world. only ~uestion ls, in Lenin's words, "Who­ Politburo member (Voronov) a few years ago As soon as they cease to persecute the Hu­ whom?" suggested a sensible relaxation, as the only man Rights Movement in the U.S.S.R., we Moreover, far more explicitly than the mere way to the much-sought improvement in can regard it as a signal that they are pre­ expansionist tendency of tsarist autocracy, agricultural production, he was removed. pared for toleration in principle in the world Leninism looked forward to the imposition of Similarly with the economic reforms which as a whole. As soon as they live up to their the Leninist wm throughout the world. came up in the mid-sixties: they have not "solemnly" undertaken promises to allow a The seizure of power in 1917 by a Party been implemented, or only in such a form freer movement of people and ideas to and which in 1912 had well under 10,000 members as to deprive them of their benefits, and this from the Soviet Union, we can begin to think was followed by an intensive process by for "ideological" reasons. of a world in which their present siege men­ tality has begun to erode in favor of a true which, even within that narrow sect, a nar­ THE ELITE'S VIEW OF THE WORLD worldwide give-and-take. Meanwhile, unfor­ rower cadre yet survived to rule. After the In the field of foreign affairs, then, we destruction of all other segments of the po­ tunately, a siege mentality persists; and, for are faced with a species whose attitudes are an increasingly powerful U.S.S.R., one should litical spectrum, the segment remaining was wholly different from our own. The Com­ remember that a siege mentality is only the sliced thinner and thinner. Even within this munist idea applied to world affairs is basi­ narrow power group, it was, by 1940, as if, in obverse of a sortie mentality. cally quite simple. No other regimes, have, This is not to argue that political cultures the United States, 90% of the House, the Sen­ in principle, any right to exist, any more ate, the Army officers, the economic elite, the cannot change. But they are deep-set, with than other parties do within the U.S.S.R. great intrinsic momenta, and (barring a to­ journalists, the state, county, town author­ It is even the case that other Communist ities, and the leaders of all organisations regimes which deviate from the Soviet doc­ tal disintegration) change slowly and reluc­ down to the Boy Scouts had been eliminated. trine as interpreted by the Soviet leadership, tantly. For the time being, we would per­ The Communists were already a radically are illegitimate, as was seen in Czechoslo­ haps be best advised, while watching for any different political species. Stalin's Purge was vakia, which-but for practical difilcul- favorable signs, to be under no llluslons 13134 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 9, 1978 about the present political culture of the flag in a military setting was to see the editorial is about the same as that cur­ U.S.S.R., or the present motivations of its guarantor of liberty? rently provided by the Library of Con­ leadership. The worst way to try to induce There was real confusion and doubt a.bout gress. even gradual change is to grant approval to actual U.S. military strength in the world the status quo. Only when the Kremlin sees today and, equally important, a.bout the will The LOC material follows. Its rate an­ that its present attitudes a.re profitless would of the American people. lysis is almost identical to the WSJ fig­ any inducement to change a.rise (if not Those who worry about comparisons of ures, but, it also includes some explana­ among them or at least somewhere in the u.s.-soviet military power-men like Con­ tory additional information. It is quite power-apparatus). Incentives to change, dis­ gressman Bob Wilson (R-Calif.) and Sen. clear, that the United States has far and incentives to their present a.ttitude--a.t any away the highest capital gains tax on rate that is the best we can do. Meanwhile Henry M. Jackson (D-Wash.)-claim that a wary truce based on a true and sober ap­ the United States has fallen behind in stra­ portfolio investments of any of the 10 in­ preciation of their real feelings and aims tegic forces (intercontinental and subma­ dustrialized countries studied. may not be very attractive; but it is better rine-launched missiles, and heavy bom­ In fact, most of them have no capi­ than euphoria. based on delusion.e bers) , has a weaker air defense system and tal gains tax at all. also lags in conventional naval, ground and Capital gains taxes are one major rea­ air forces. son why capital investment lags in the Moreover, critics like Congressman Robin L. Bea.rd Jr. (R-Tenn.) claim that U.S. forces United States. Some of the countries ON THE STRENGTH AND WILL OF could not stop the Soviets in a conventional against which we compete, like Japan AMERICA war, and insist on el ther a return to the draft and West Germany, have investment or establishing a universal training program rates three times as high as our own. If which would guarantee sufficient force read­ we could increase our investment rate­ HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON iness. This issue was aired last week in ABC­ we can by passing the Steiger proposal­ TV's "The American Army: A Shocking State we could create literally hundreds of OF ALABAMA of Readiness," a documentary which pro­ thousands of jobs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES claimed in advance, "What the U.S. Arrpy The way the tax now works, people Tuesday, May 9. 1978 won't tell you, ABC News will." The Defense Department won't comment with capital assets do not sell them be· e Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, I in­ on the Beard and ABC criticism, but points cause the tax is too high. Discretionary clude in the RECORD the following article: out that the Executive Branch in Congress income goes into tax shelters or tax ON THE STRENGTH AND WILL OF AMERICA established the voluntary mllitary, and also exempt bonds because of the high capital (By Nick Thimmesch) determines what defense spending will be. gains rate. Old capital is immobilized, Moreover, the Pentagon says that its mili­ and new capital goes into gimmicks. The other night I was with a small group tary exercises in Europe, Korea and on Vari· of estimable Americans, discussing the state In fact, since the capital gains rate ous seas show a commendable state of readi­ was raised in 1969, Treasury revenue of the world, and was struck with how their ness. Finally, the Pentagon reports it has no hawkish views left me with mixed feelings. trouble meeting recruitment quotas for active from this tax has lagged because people Though I am no freshman, these good service, although the National Guard and with gains refused to sell. Both the Pech­ people are my seniors, and, indeed, have reserve forces are down substantially. man and the Ingalls and Snyder studies earned my respect for the important roles The military can only do what the civ111an show Treasury revenue from capital they played in World War II, the Cold War, citizenry and its leadership allows. In the gains peaked in 1968. Current levels seem and the Vietnam tragedy. And yet it was early '70s, a feeling developed in Congress to be still about one-thlirdl under the 1968 sad to hear them, in a blend of lament and that Vietnam was awful, that we shouldn't recalled glory, recite how, in the now fading peak. overextend ourselves militarily again, and The lowering of capital gains tax rates past, the exercise of U.S. m1litary power besides, our defense program was in good restored world order and dealt punishment shape. to pre-1969 levels then will help accom­ to the villainous. plish the following: Create investment But in the past year, Congress has shown In lively conversation that became frenetic signs of changing on defense and, in a turn­ to create jobs; match the job creation at times, these patriots thundered on how about, asked for greater defense spending rate of our major international competi­ American will was lost because Congress than President Carter wants. Congress nar­ tors; and increase Treasury revenues. backed off the Vietnam war, and how it was rowly defeated the B-1 bomber, did author­ That package is hard to beat. The Li­ this earnest, indomitable will which saw us ize production of the neutron bombd, and brary of Congress study follows: through the test of battle with the evil gave a go-ahead for the cruise missile. Nazis, imperialistic Japanese warlords, and SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL TAXAnON OF LONG waves of North Korean and Chinese Will is something again. Last week, after TERM CAPITAL GAINS ON PORTFOLIO INVEST• Communists. the Panama Canal question was settled to MENTS IN TEN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES Pana.ma's supposed satisfaction, Gen. Tor­ Nowadays, this hawkish gang maintains, This memorandum briefly describes the rijos bellowed that if the Senate hadn't voted taxation of capital gains realized by individ­ President Carter couldn't deploy a rowboat his way he was prepared to use force to take to go ashore anywhere in the world for the uals on the sale of portfolio stock invest­ the canal. This insult to the United States ments in the ten industrialized countries purpose of restoring order and freedom. We went unanswered by the Administration. Just don't have it any more, they argued. surveyed on the attached chart. The United Leaders of the so-called "Patriotic Front" States imposes a higher tax on long term At one moment, there was discussion a.bout in Africa, being the terrorist-guerrilla front, capital gains than any of the countries how the Israelis know how to use force, and thumb their nose at Carter, and are toadied surveyed. envious comparisons between the present to by Ambassador Andrew Young. Congress­ This memorandum discusses gains from "wimp" America and the fierce array of at­ man Donald M. Fraser (D-M1nn), eager to tacks in Lebanon by the Israelis. the sale of shares, as opposed to bonds, which become a U.S. Senator, tries to sap the mili­ in some countries are subject to different When it was suggested that Israel might tary strength from South Korea. rules. Only portfolio holdings are covered, as have indulged in overkill in Lebanon, espe­ I don't like militarism, but I don't like opposed to closely held companies, the sale cially with aerial bombing, one stout vet­ self-indulgence, either. We have much hard of whose shares in SOII!e countries are sub­ eran of World War n and beyond cut loose thinking to do on this question.e ject to higher taxation. with how U.S. a.irpower brought Nazi Ger­ many to its knees because "the clv111ans just UNITED STATES couldn't stand that relentless bombing." Only ha.I! of long term capital gains are Dresden? taxed (one year holding period) at the or­ There was consensus that civlllan casual­ AMENDMENT TO TAX BILL dinary rate. In addition, long term capital ties were regrettable but often unavoidable gains are subject to minimum tax and reduce in successful military actions. Of course, the income available for the 50 percent maxi­ there ls another school of thought which HON. BILL FRENZEL mum tax on earned income. These provisions holds that the more civ111ans are made help­ produce a maximum effective tax of up to OF MINNESOTA 50 percent. There is a 25 percent alternative less victims to mmtary power, the more they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hate the lnftlctor. Germany's best year for tax on long term capital gains not exceeding war production was 1944, the year of peak Tuesday, May 9, 1978 $50,000. Short term capital gains are taxed at bombing. The idea of punishing people in ordinary rates. Capital gains are also subject war doesn't always work. e Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, yester­ to state and local income taxes which may day the Wall Street Journal again edi­ increase the effective rate of taxation by ap­ Were my friends of the evening contempo­ proximately 5 percent. rary anachronisms? Do they, like Don tori~lized favorably on the Steiger bill Quixote, dream of another time, 10, 20, 35 now pending as an amendment to the AUSTRALIA years ago, when American greatness was uni­ tax bill in the Ways and Means Commit­ Long term capital gains (one year holding versal in the world, and to see the American tee. The information contained in that period) on portfolio stock investments a.re 13ta5 May 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS innovative community anti-crime and secu­ exempt from taxation. A 1974 proposal to tax Sweden-23 1-2 years. United Kingdom-SO-None. rity methods, concepts, and techniques long term capital gains on securities was which will mitigate the level of crime in pub­ deferred indefinitely by the government. lic housing projects a.nd their surrounding Short term capital gains are taxed at ordinary PUBLIC HOUSING SECURITY DEM­ neighborhoods. rates. ONSTRATION ACT (b) In selecting public housing projects to BELGIUM receive assistance under this section, the Capital gains on portfolio investments are Secretary shall consider the extent of crime exempt from taxation without regard to hold· HON. MARY ROSE OAKAR and vandalism currently existing, the nature ing period. OF OHIO and quality of community anti-crime efforts CANADA in the projects and surrounding areas, the one-half of ca.pital gains are taxed at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nature and quality of police and other pro­ ordinary rates (maximum 43 percent) with­ Tuesday, May 9, 1978 tective services to the projects and their out regard to holding period. Capital gatns tenants, the vacancy rate and demand for are also subjected to Provincial taxes at rates • Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Speaker, during this public housing in the locality, and the ex­ ranging up to 14 percent. week's markup of the Housing and Com­ tent of abandonment of public housing units. Priority shall be given to comprehen­ GERMANY munity Developments Amendments of 1978, the Committee on Banking, Fi­ sive community anti-crime and security Long term capital gains (six month hold­ nance and Urban Affairs considered my plans submitted by public housing authori­ ing period) on portfolio stock investments ties which provide for the restoration of are exempt from taxation. Short term capital amendment to authorize the Secretary abandoned dwelllng units, coordination be­ gains are taxed at ordinary rates. of Housing and Urban Development to tween public housing management and local undertake a $10 million demonstration rrALY government ln providing increased security program that would seek innovative and social services to the projects and ten­ Capital gains on portfolio investments are methods to mitigate the crime problem ants, and maximum opportunity !or tenant exempt from tax without regard to holding in our public housing projects. The involvement and employment in the commu­ period. If the investment ls purchased with amendment was not agreed to: the vote nity anti-crime and security prograins. "speculative" intent, the gain is taxed at ( c) Every effort shall be made by the De­ ordinary rates. was 16 to 16. I intend to off er this amendment when partment of Housing and Urban Develop­ JAPAN ment to coordinate and jointly target re­ Capital gains on portfolio investments are the House meets to consider the legisla­ sources with other agencies, particularly the generally exempt from tax with the follow­ tion. I am including the text of the La.w Enforcement Assistance Administration, ing principal exception. If an individual amendment in today's RECORD and I hope the Department of Health, Education, and makes more than 50 trades during the yea.r my colleagues will join me in supporting Welfare, the Department of Labor, Commu­ comprising a total of more than 200,000 this amendment-the Public Housing ·nity Services Administration, and ACTION. shares of stock, the individual will be taxed Security Demonstration Act. ELIGmLE ACTIVITIES at ordinary rates on short term capital gains The text of the amendment follows: SEC. 304. The community anti-crime and (5 year holding period) and on one-half of TITLE Ill-PUBLIC HOUSING SECURITY security methods, concepts and techniques the long term capital gains. The individual is DEMONSTRATION utilized in this demonstration and evalua­ also permitted a. statutory deduction of about SEc. 301. This title may be cited as the tion may include improved physical secu­ $1,700 in computing the capital gain which "Public Housing Security Demonstration Act rity equipment for dwelllng units in these is taxed. of 1978". projects, new concepts for social and envi­ NETHERLANDS FINDINGS AND POLICY ronmental design, tenant awareness and vol­ Capital gains on portfolio investment are SEC. 302. (a) The Congress finds that-- unteer prograins, tenant participation and exempt from tax without regard to holding ( 1) low-income and elderly public housing employment in providing security services, period. residents of the Nation, who are already sub­ and such other measures as deemed neces­ SWEDEN Ject to difficult living conditions and have sary or appropriate by the Secretary. Forty percent of long term capital gains suffered substantially from rising crime and CRIME SURVEY AND REPORT (2 year holding period) are taxed at the or­ violence, are being threatened as a result of SEC. 305. The Secretary shall initiate and dinary rates (maximum 58 percent). Short the inadequate security arrangements !or the carry out a survey of crime currently exist­ term gains are taxed in full. In addition, a prevention of physical violence, theft, bur­ ing ln the Nation's public housing projects, maximum deduction of SK.r 1,000 (approxi­ glary, and other crimes; and transmit a report on such survey to the mately $200) ls permitted in computing the (2) such residents, living ln an insecure Congress not later than eighteen months tax base. The taxpayer can treat one-half of housing environment, have restricted their after the date of enactment of this Act. This the net sales price as acquisition cost when lives and use of the environment because of report shall include the level of crime and calculating gains on quoted shares held for their concern about crime, and are abandon­ the extent of vandalism existing in public more than two years. Capital gains are also ing public housing projects at a time when housing projects, findings from the demon­ subject to local income taxes, with an aver­ there is an increasing demand for public stration and evaluation of various methods age ma.xlmum effective rate of 11 percent. housing units; of reducing the level of crime, and recom­ (3) higher vacancy rates and heavy finan­ mendations, if appropriate, for a compre­ UNITED KINGDOM cial losses of management in some cases have hensive public housing program to provide Capital gains are generally taxed at a fl.at led to complete abandonment of public increased community anti-crime and secu­ 30 percent rate without regard to holding housing projects; rity concepts and techniques to all public period. There is an alternative tax whereby (4) an integral part of successfully provid­ housing projects, and the estimated costs of one half of the gain is taxed at the ordinary ing decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings for such program. tax rate and gains in excess of £5,000 are low-income persons is to insure that the AUTHORIZATION taxed at ordinary rates. If the alternative housing is secure; SEC. 306. There are authorized to be appro­ method is used, there is in addition a sur­ (5) local public housing authorities have priated not to exceed $10,000,000 for the pur­ charge on the gain, which is treated as in­ inadequate security arrangements for the pose of carrying out the provisions of this vestment income. The maximum rate of the prevention of crime and vandalism, and lack title for fiscal year 1979. surcharge is 15 percent of investment in­ specific operating funds to provide security EXPLANATION come in excess of £2,000. measures; and This amendment would authorize the Summary of individual taxation of long term (6) action is needed to provide fc,r the Secretary of HUD to conduct a national capital gains on portfolio investments in securtty of public housing residents and to demonstration using innovative security ten industrialized countries prepare the Nation's investment in its public methods and techniques to reduce the levels housing stock. Country, maximum long term capital gains of crime and vandalism in public housing (b) It is therefore declared to be the policy projects. The housing projects would submit tax rate, and holding period required for of the United States to provide for the dem­ long term treatment proposals that would address their particu­ onstration and evaluation of more effective lar needs, and HUD would provide the means United States-SO percent 1-1 year. means of mitigating crime and vandalism Australla-Exempt--1 year. in public housing projects and for the devel­ to solve their security difficulties. The means Belgium-Exempt-None. opment of a comprehensive program for would include hardware security devices and Canada-22 1-None. reducing crime a-nd vandalism in all the Na­ structural modifications related to security. Germany-Exempt--6 months. tion's public housing projects. Software approaches would include security Italy-Exempt--None. PROGRAM AUTHORITY patrols, tenant awareness prograins, and management improvements. The Secretary Japan-Exempt--None. SEC. 303. (a) The Secretary of Housing and Netherlands-Exempt--None. Urban Development shall promptly initiate would also be bound to carry out a "crime and carry out a. program for the development, survey" to determine the effects of the demonstration.e 1 Excluding state and local ta.xes.e demonstration and evaluation of improved, 13136 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 9, 1978 MEN OF THE YEAR this fine Philadelphia firm. John partic­ of that bill is the designation of Ad­ ipated in the organizing of the Can miralty Island, in southeast Alaska's Workers Union and served as a depart­ Tongass National Forest, as a wilderness HON. RAYMOND F. LEDERER mental committeeman. John's associa­ area. Enactment of this legislation would OF PENNSYLVANIA tion with Crown, Cork & Seal was thus complete an effort to protect Ad­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES interrupted in 1941 when he joined the miralty which began with the proposals U.S. Army Infantry where he fought in of President Theodore Roosevelt. Tuesday, May 9. 1978 three invasions of the south Pacific dur­ Recently, the Southeast Alaska Em­ • Mr. LEDERER. Mr. Speaker, I would ing World War II. After his tour of duty pire of Juneau published a detailed re­ like to pause in the business of the House with the U.S. Army, he rejoined the port on Admiralty Island and the strug­ to join with the Northeast Police Ath­ Crown, Cork & Seal Co. In 1946, John gle to protect its wildlife and its timber. letic League of Philadelphia in honoring was transferred to the mechanical divi­ As the article points out, the Native peo­ Norman H. Loudenslager and John J. sion where he became a member of the ple of the village of Angoon, the only set­ McLaughlin, Jr., business representatives International Association of Machinists tlement on the Island, strongly support of the International Association of Ma­ and Aerospace Workers, where he served the enactment of H.R. 39 as reported by chinists, District 1, as Men of the Year. Lodge 159 as a trustee and later on as a the Interior Committee. As the article Norman Loudenslager was born in the president of the local. In 1961, John Mc­ points out, there is some litigation pend­ Kensington section of Philadelphia on Laughlin was elected president of Dis­ ing concerning the claims of other na­ September 9, 1929. He was raised in this trict Lodge No. 1 and in 1962 was elected tive groups to lands on the Island-but area, attending Philadelphia public business representative of this lodge, the the bill as reported is careful not to prej­ schools and graduating from the Spring position he presently holds. John is also udice those claims, nor to intervene on Garden Institute. an assistant directing business represen­ either side, while directing the Secretary In his long career with the Interna­ tative of District Lodge No. 1, executive of Agriculture to seek alternative lands tional Association of Machinists and vice president of the Pennsylvania State which could be offered for consideration Aerospace Workers which began in 1951, Council of Machinists, a member of the by these "urban" Natives as their en­ Norman has served in almost every con­ International Planning Committee of the titlement under the Alaska Native ceivable capacity. Norman Loudenslager Machinists Non Partisan Political Claims Settlement Act. has served as steward, chief steward, League, a delegate to the last six inter­ Mr. Speaker, so that my colleagues trustee, secretary-treasurer, and job national conventions, and has served as may have the benefit of this excellent ar­ evaluation representative of Lodge 1717. chairman of the Grievance and Appeals ticle on the importance of protecting Ad­ He was a steward, vice president, and Committee of the last three international miralty Island (which has more bald secretary of District Lodge 648. Norman conventions. eagles than the 48 contiguious States has also served as vice president and sec­ Fortunately, John is never the type to combined), I ask that the April 10 article retary-treasurer of District Lodge No. 1. say "I don't have enough time." John is be included in the RECORD: In addition, Norman Loudenslager has a devoted family man to his wife of 25 ADKIRALTY FIGHTS PAST VS. THE F'uTuRE been a delegate to the last three Inter­ years, Muriel, his son, John Joseph, III, ( By Tom Tiede) national Conventions, served as secretary and his two grandsons, John Joseph, IV, ANGOON, ALASKA-Every spring for thou­ of the Brewery and Construction Confer­ and Patrick Michael McLaughlin. sands of years the brown bears of Admiralty ence, and was elected as a business repre­ Jchn has been continuously active in Island have performed one of the greatest sentative in 1969, the Position he pres­ the community as a member of St. shows on earth. Awakening from high Dominic's Church, a 3d Degree Knight mountain hibernation, the huge creatures ently holds. snort and stretch, yawn and grumble, then Both as a private citizen and as a union of the Knights of Columbus, and with slide teetotumly down the snowy slopes to official, Norman has always taken his the youth of the community through his breakfast below. civic responsibilities very seriously. He is outstanding work with the Police Ath­ At times, however, the merry circus has a member of the Machinists Non Parti­ letic League, who are honoring both he come to a melancholy halt in the valleys. In san Political League, and is the State co­ and Norman Loudenslager at a testi­ the last century the bears of Admiralty have monial in Philadelphia on May 22, 1978. periodically been greeted by loggers, miners, ordinator of this organization. Norman fish canners and other intruders. The mix has served as a delegate to the National Mr. Speaker, I would like to share the has never been gentle. Both man and beast Democratic Convention in 1972 and 1976, pride and gratitude that the city of have paid dearly In the confrontations. and is an elected committeeman, member Philadelphia has for Norman Louden­ Now the spring rite is threatened again. of the Democratic Policy Committee, and slager and John McLaughlin with my Perhaps more gravely than ever before. Log­ is vice president of the Philadelphia colleagues in the House of Representa­ ging intersts a.re lobbying for permission to Labor Council. cut thosuands of acres of virgin island tim­ tives today.e ber, a proposal that conservationists be­ Within such a hectic schedule, Nor­ lieve may lead not only to the destruction man has remained a devoted family man of the bears, but of the pristine island Itself. to his wife of 23 years, Mary, and his The issue is a famillar one: the past vs. four chilren. He is an active parishioner ADMIRALTY ISLAND, A VITAL PART the future. Industry says the land is meant of St. John Episcopal Church. OF ALASKA NATIONAL INTEREST to be used, labor says jobs are at stake, and environmentalists argue for the trees and Yet, despite all the demands made on LANDS CONSERVATION ACT animals that can't speak for themselves. The his time, Norman has devoted so much same war has been waged from America's energy to the Police Athletic League in arctic tundra to its tropical Everglades. their efforts to help the youth in the HON. TENO RONCALIO But if the sound and fury ls the same, the Philadelphia area. OF WYOMING Admiralty squabble is not routine. At con­ John Joseph McLaughlin, Jr., is one IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tention ls one of the least spoiled ecosystems In the United States. Located in the re­ of the few people around who could Tuesday, May 9, 1978 mote Alexander Archipelago, just south of match Norman Loudenslager in both Mr. Juneau, Admiralty ls 1,664 square miles of energy, talent and commitment to the e Mr. RONCALIO. Speaker, the the way It was. If it is lost to exoloitation, community. In the city of Philadelphia, Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ observers belleve the entire naturalist move­ where its residents are often identified fairs has recently reported a revised ver­ ment will be sorely da.ma.ged. by the neighborhood in which they were sion of H.R. 39, the Alaska National In­ Indeed, environmentallsts are putting nearly a century of effort on the llne regard­ raised, John will always be known as a terest Lands Conservation Act, which ing Admiralty. The debate p:oes back to the "Fishtowner." John was born and raised provides for the protection and preserva­ late 1880's when Russian kllled the island's in the Fishtown section of Philadelphia, tion of some of the most important wild­ otters and log~ers cut indiscriminately on where he attended St. Michael's, St. erness, wildlife, and other natural values the timbered shores. Outdoorsmen of the of the continent--the "crown jewels" of time were alarmed, and demanded the is­ Veronica's, and Northeast High Schools. land he saved. In June 1939, John McLaughlin joined Alaska, property and heritage of all the Prec;ldent Theodore Roosevelt was first to the Crown, Cork & Seal Co., beginning American people. the rescue. He wt.nted the island to become what would be a long association with One of the most important provisions a protected national park, but Congress In- May 9, 1978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 13137 stead placed it in the Tongass National For­ people who rely on wildlife for subsistence. PROHIBITION OF ASSISTANCE TO est system; this action, taken in 1902, limited So, to preserve their way of life, they are SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES access to Admiralty's treasures, but it did not selecting their acreage in and around An­ restrict exploitation altogether. goon. As do the conservationists, Angoon na­ NOT COOPERATING WITH AC­ In the decades since the government tives want Admiralty to remain in a wild COUNTING FOR MIA'S, POW'S AND moved in, the National Forest service has state forever. KIA'S allowed frequent commercial exploration of There are, however, other natives in the island. Gold mines have operated, for Southwest Alaska. who a.re also entitled to example. Some fish canning concerns have land claims. And they have no qualms about HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. come and gone. And too, the NFS has au­ logging Admiralty for profit. These natives OF CALIFORNIA thorized the cutting of more than 10 milllon a.re mostly urban Indians from Juneau and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES board feet of timber. Sitka.; they are entitled to 46,000 acres, and Conservationists have protested it all. And have selected prime timber land on Ad­ Tuesday, May 9, 1978 not Just for the sake of the brown bears. Dr. miralty. Cliff Lobaugh, Sierra Club president in So it is that the battle over Admiralty is • Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, when Juneau, says abuse of the ·island has threat­ not Just industry vs. environmentalists. It's the House unanimously adopted House ened the habitat for all of Admiralty's wild­ native vs. native. Danny Johnson, an Angoon Concurrent Resolution 583 on Monday, life. For instance: some streams once used leader, says the matter is pitting brother we made it clear that our foremost goal by loggers do not now support salmon against sister, like a civil war. "I want Ad­ in Southeast Asia today is to obtain a spawning. miralty wilderness, but I have a. cousin who full accounting of Americans listed as Lobaugh and others worry particularly wants logging. And we go around and Missing in Action, Prisoners-of-War, or a.bout the effects of commerciallza.tlon on around." Admiralty's bald eagle population. The maps What they go around a.bout mostly is sub­ Killed in Action during the recent con­ of eagles' nests here indicate they ring the sistence. Johnson says most people in An­ flict of Southeast Asia. island, about two per mile, except for gaps goon stUl make part of their living from It has been 5 years since the exchange where logging has occurred. Lobaugh says fishing. "The urban natives no longer un­ of prisoners with Vietnam and Laos, and it's inevitable: when lumbermen come, derstand this. They live in cities and buy 3 years since the re-unification of Viet­ eagles go. food from stores. They have forgotten what Thus far in time, it doesn't seem the it means to love the land and to want to nam. eagles have gone very far. Admiralty con­ protect it." While none of us favor payment of tinues to be home for more of the nation's Not that the people of Angoon are stlll on reparations as once negotiated by then­ national bird than the rest of America in­ the frontier. There is television here, and Secretary of State Kissinger in January clusive. The bald eagle ls now an endangered new automobiles. Johnson's home could be 1973, I believe that all of us favor a species in every mainland sta·te save Minne­ sitting in Oshkosh. And yet, there ls a tap normalization of relations with Vietnam sota, but here on Admiralty they number as root to the heritage. Angoon remains iso­ and Laos, if, and only if, we can obtain many as 2,600. lated, mall comes only three times a. week, There is a profusion of other wildlife and children still grow up in the Tlingit a full and final accounting of our MIA's, here. Deer, weasel, beaver. There a.re five culture. POW's. and KIA's. species of salmon. Humpback whale spawn That culture continues to be dependent on I think it fair to say that we recognize in Admiralty's inlets. Still, with the bear, the land and wildlife. Angoon natives are such an accounting as a humanitarian the bald eagle is the island wonder. As large split into two societies, one calling itself gesture we are asking from the Vietnam­ as seven feet through the wings, the birds "Eagle," the other "Raven." Totems feature ese and Laotian Governments. patrol the forests like planes in defense of animals; dances celebrate fisheries. Johnson yesterday. says this societal tie to nature represents se­ In order to obtain such an accounting, Their survival in such numbers has not curity, "a. feeling the tribe will prosper." it is entirely fair that we permit the been easy. Besides loggers, miners and can­ Urban Indians believe the tribe would President of the United States to initiate ners, the eagles in the past have had to con­ prosper better with $80 million from renew­ such step-by-step offers of humanitarian tend with bounty hunters. Fishermen used able timber. But Johnson says no: "It the assistance as are written into our laws to believe the birds ate too many salmon, urban natives do win out here, and if they get their almighty dollars, it will do them no with respect to all other countries of the hence, until 1951, the government paid from world. •1 to •2 to hunters who slaughtered the good. The money sounds like a. lot, but it flock. soon goes, and afterwards they would have In this vein, I have drafted two amend­ The eagles a.re now protected by federal nothing." ments to H.R. 12222, the International law. So are their eggs. Eagle trees on Admir­ And neither would anyone else. Or so the Development and Food Assistance Act of environmentalists and Angoon Indians fear. alty are posted with notices that prohibit Juneau's Dr. Lobaugh believes native log­ 1978, to amend the germane sections in disturbance, even of nests. In addition, the ging would lead to greater commercial pres­ existing law which prohibit assistance to government now forbids the cutting of any sures on the island then. The back of the Vietnam, to both limit and permit hu­ trees within a. 330-foot radius of an eagle's preservation movement could then be bro­ manitarian assistance to the countries of nest. And so the birds are thriving. ken, as, perhaps, could the link between An­ Southeast Asia, to the end that those But what of the future of the eagles? Dr. goon natives and the ancients. countries be encouraged to take reason­ Lobaugh says the birds are even less likely "And for what?" Lobaugh asks. Though able stepg to permit a full accounting of than bears to cohabit with man. He says Alaskan aboriginals would gain from timber studies suggest that eagle populations in sales, the real profiteers would not even be American MIA's, POW's, and KIA's: Alaska exist in proportion to the degree of American. Lobaugh says the native groups AMENDMENTS TO H.R. 12222 AS REPORTED nesting serenity. "Where logging is heavy, have already agreed to let Japanese timber OFFERED BY Ma. MCCLOSKEY as near Sitka., there are virtually no bald companies do the harvesting, at an economic eagles." Page 33, immediately after line 2, insert rate that could be as high as $60,000 per acre. the following new section: Not everyone believes ·there is an absolute The Japanese should not count their board correlation between heavy logging and flee­ feet prematurely, however. The Admiralty PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE TO COUNTRIES IN ing eagles. Jack Hodges, a government au­ dispute is now in litigation and in Congress. SOUTHEAST ASIA thority on eagles, says as long as their nests The latter body ls considering an Adminls­ SEC. 1117. (a) The President may not fur­ are left a.lone, proper timber cutting "should tra.tlon bill that would set Admiralty aside nish assistance under Pa.rt I of the Foreign not ha.rm the birds." When loggers cooperate, as wilderness, its protection redoubled. Assistance Act of 1961 to a country in South­ Chances of the bill's passage are considered Hodges says, eagles can and do exist nearby. east Asia which ls not taking reasonable Nonetheless, naturalists a.re not willing to to be fair. steps to permit the fullest possible account­ give the eagles over to the hands of industry. Yet even if Congress does rule, the matter ing, and the reparation of remains, of United And neither are most of. the native people won't be entirely settled. Urban natives would still have a prior claim on the acreage, States personnel listed as Missing-In-Action, living on Admiralty Island; the 500 Tlingit Prisoners-Of-War, or Killed-In-Action in Indians in Angoon say they've seen wildlife and presumably would continue to seek its exploitation. Lobaugh says he's been fight­ such country. It .the President determines driven from other islands in the archipelago, that any such country ls taking such rea­ and they vow it won't happen here. ing for Admiralty for nearly 20 years, and may have to serve another score before the sonable steps, he may furnish assistance for The Tlingit aboriginals are at ground zero issue ls resolved. humanitarian purposes to that country un­ of the Admiralty logging controversy. As ben­ Meantime, with good weather, the bears der that part notwithstanding any other pro­ eficiaries of the 1971 Alaska. Native Claims of Admiralty Island may awake early this vision of law which would otherwise pro­ Act, they a.re entitled to choose 23,000 acres spring. Grunt. Woof. Slip. Slide. There a.re hibl t such assistance. The President shall re­ on the island tor their own purpose. It they 1,000 of them here, the densest concentra­ port any such determination to the Congress. took 23,000 acres ot timber, they could earn tion in the nation, and so far not a. single (b) This section shall take effect on Octo- as much as $80 million in the bargain. logger in sight. For now, at least, it looks ber 1, 1978. . Yet the Angoon people refuse to log their as if their annual circus will go on as Page 35, immediately after line 9, insert homeland. They are hunting and gathering planned.e the following new section: 13138 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 9, 1978

PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE TO COUNTRIES IN works in the performing arts, and has Ninety planes to Israel at a cost of SOUTHEAST ASIA made that commitment. almost $2 billion. SEC. 204. (a.) The President ma.y not fur­ The programs for children and youth Unless this sale is disapproved within nish assistance under title II of the Agri­ are an important facet of this effort. The 30 days by concurrent resolution of Con­ cultural Trade Development a.nd Assistance overall goals of this program are: gress, it will proceed. Act of 1954 to a. country in southeast Asia. which ls not ta.king reasonable steps to per­ To provide a. variety of quality perform­ What arc the arguments for the arms mit the fullest possible accounting, a.nd the ances on a. regular basis to school groups and sales? First we are told that Saudi Ara­ reparation of remains, of United States per­ general audiences. bia needs this fleet because it has no sonnel listed a.s Missing-In-Action, Prlsoners­ To provide teachers a.nd others a. series of fighter aircraft and is presently vulner­ Of-War, or Killed-In-Action in such country. workshops a.nd symposia. related to perform­ able to attack from some neighboring If the President determines that any such ance. Arab and non-Arab states, such as Iraq, country ls ta.king such reasonable steps, the To develop a.nd present creative new mate­ rials for audiences of children. Chad, Yemen, and Iran. The administra­ President ma.y furnish assistance for huma.n­ tion is equally concerned about preserv­ ita.ria.n purposes to that country under title To serve a.s a national model for replication II of that Act notwithstanding any other by other arts education centers a.cross the ing our special relationship with one of provision of la.w which would otherwise pro­ nation. the major suppliers of oil to our shores. hibit such assistance. The President shall re­ The programs for children and youth, The Saudis have generally served as a port a.ny such determination to the Congress. through its ongoing Children's Arts moderating influence on some of the (b) This section shall take effect on Octo­ more extreme OPEC nations. ber 1, 1978.e Series and its yearly Festival, is con­ In addition, there are other, lesser stantly finding new ways to make the arguments made for the sale. Some argue performing arts relevant to the educa­ they are good business for our large de­ tion of young people. This year will be fense contractors; some argue that particularly exciting, as the program will COMMENDS PROGRAMS FOR CHIL­ reducing the foreign contracts would DREN AND YOUTH AT KENNEDY include an International Youth Choral cause severe unemployment in those CENTER Festival and the Imagination Celebra­ areas affected. Some argue that large tion, a National Children's Arts Festival, foreign arms sales are good for our bal­ which will also travel to Denver, Colo., ance of payments posture. Some argue HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN for a week-long presentation in their new that if we don't make these sales, other OF MARYLAND performing arts theatre. arms merchants will. Perhaps. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I hope that my colleagues will take note of some of these outstanding works Under existing law, both houses of Tuesday, May 9, 1978 Congress may disapprove foreign arms so that they will appreciate even more sales by adopting a concurrent resolution e Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, I wish the many facets of the John F. Kennedy within 30 days. My vote will be to stop to commend the John F. Kennedy Center Center for the Performing Arts.• these sales, and my reason is simple. I for the excellent educational programs, believe foreign arms sales may some­ workshops, and festivities they have de­ WARPLANES FOR MIDEAST times be a valuable instrument of Ameri­ signed for children and youth, and their can foreign and national security policy. efforts in forging meaningful ties with They should, however, be an exceptional the education community. The Alliance HON. JIM GUY TUCKER instrument used only when they contrib­ for Arts Education programs reflect the OF ARKANSAS ute directly to American foreign policy Center's continued interest in developing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and national security objectives. programs that enhance its role as a na­ Tuesday, May 9, 1978 Recently, Newsweek magazine pub­ tional cultural center. I, myself, have lished a disturbing statistic: In the last attended performances with my grand­ e Mr. TUCKER. Mr. Speaker, I would 30 years there have been 119 armed con­ children, and have enjoyed the enter­ like to talk with you today about a seri­ flicts involving 69 nations. Last year, we taining presentations even as much as ous matter that concerns me a great accounted for 50 percent of the total they. deal: President Carter's proposed sale of $5 billion in highly sophisticated air­ arms sales throughout the world. During its initial year <1976-77), the The administration's $4.8 billion pack­ programs for children and youth pre­ craft to several Middle Eastern coun­ tries. age deal is simply too much too soon, and sented 154 performances which were at­ has the severest implications for interna­ tended by 54,856 people. Performers from On May 19, 1977, almost 1 year ago, President Carter, in a major foreign tional and domestic security. In view of 16 States and several foreign countries the fact that delivery of these aircraft participated. The programs successfully policy statement, said that "the virtually unrestrained spread of conventional will not be implemented fully until 1983, involve both children and adults-cre­ there seems little justification for making ating a rewarding and beneficial envi­ weaponry threatens stability in every region of the world." At the time of the this $5 billion decision on 30 days notice. ronment. Several hundred adults have It needs closer scrutiny and evaluation, attended workshops and symposia de­ President's statement, we were fast on· the way to breaking all records in total more thoughtful reflection. For example, voted to the study of the performing arts foreign arms sales. In fact, in 1977 our part and parcel of the sale to Israel as they relate to the education and en­ sales exceeded $12 billion-more than would be the sale of 75 F-16's. Today the tertainment of children. the budget for the Department of Agri­ United States itself has no F-16's in op­ Sponsors of the programs during its culture. eration. Might we be wiser to satisfy our first year included: Morris and Gwen­ The President's point was well taken own aircraft needs before contracting dolyn Cafritz Foundation, George Gund and he has appeared to be pursuing his willynilly to satisfy the appetites of other Foundation, Mobil Foundation, Inc., efforts to curb the glut of foreign arms nations? Will the sale of F-15's to the Redskin Foundation, Inc., Hattie M. sales. Last December, the United States Saudis deplete or affect our own supply? Strong Foundation, and several private and the Soviet Union began talks on how Will this delay delivery to our own armed donors. This year the programs will be best to limit conventional arms transac­ forces of the F-16's? What demands w111 supparted by the corporate fund of the tions. this place on our trainers and engineers? Kennedy Center and grants from foun­ But in February of this year came a How many additional Americans will be dations and individuals. seeming about-face. The administra­ placed in the Mideast as a result of this When the Kennedy Center was first tion announced plans to sell significant decision? What are the implications of established, its efforts were centered numbers of our most advanced jet air­ this sale for Middle East stability? How around creating an international repu­ craft to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Israel. will it affect the peace negotiations cur­ tation for the quality of the productions Last Friday the administration made a rently at a delicate stage? on the major stages. During the past few formal proposal to the Congress to sell: How well are our own interests served? years, however, the Center has moved in Fifty planes to Egypt at a cost of $400 Why the hurry? These are only a few a new direction. It has recognized the million; questions that our people-and our Con­ need for public service, education, and Sixty planes to Saudi Arabia at a cost gress--should consider before we move the encouragement of new talent and of $2.5 billion; and ahead. May 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13139 Thirty days notice is precious little humans, the sad fate of many estrogen-dosed women, a.n 80% increase. Other studies, pub­ time to consider issues so rife with inter­ women has only begun to surface. lished in 1975, suggested some o! the sources As early as 1940, more than a dozen scien­ of that increase. For example, women ta.king national implications. Let us pause and tific papers had been published showing that estrogens for menopause a.re 4 to 14 times use restraint so the Congress and our estrogens-both synthetic estrogens, such as more likely to develop uterine cancer than people can comprehend what our Gov­ diethylstilbestrol (DES), and natural ones­ are women not using these drugs. ernment is doing.e were capable of causing cancer in the genital The la.test evidence of estrogen-ca.used. organs of female animals. cancer in humans, published in December, All drugs have risks that must be weighed 1977, comes from a. study o! 17,000 women in against their benefits. In the case of estro­ Walnut Creek, Calif. Researchers !or Ka.iser­ ESTROGEN: FROM MIRACLE DRUG gens, however, the drug companies initiated Permanente Medical Center found three to TO CANCER CAUSE a well-designed and successful effort to trivi­ fl ve times more cases of cervical cancer in alize the risks while simultaneously launch­ women using birth-control pills for more ing a oampa.ign to exaggerate its benefits. than four years than in women who had HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN Before 1962, drugs did not have to be never used them. Even women who used the proved effective to be marketed. That was p111 for two years or less had twice a.s much OF CALIFORNIA lucky for the manufacturers, because during cervical cancer a.s had nonusers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the late 1940s and early 1950s, when DES and Studies published in 1976 by Dr. Robert Tuesday, May 9, 1978 other estrogens ca.me into use for preventing Hoover of the National Cancer Institute miscarriages, there was no significant evi­ showed that women whose cases had been • Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, I would dence that they even worked. Indeed, nearly followed for more than 15 years after they like to bring to the attention of my col­ all the published studies purporting to show started the use of menopausal estrogens--re­ leagues a provocative article on estro­ how DES prevented miscarriages were con­ gardless of how long they used the drugs­ gen supplements in the April 27 edition ducted without scientific control groups. No had twice the risk o! breast cancer a.s had of the Los Angeles Times by Dr. Sidney women were given placebos-a. standard women who had not used estrogens. Since 15 Wolfe. Dr. Wolfe, the director of the procedure in medical testing-to see if they years have not yet passed for most of the 10 differed in their rate of miscarriage from the million women who have used the drugs, it Health Research Group in Washington, women receiving DES. Once controlled studies will probably be a. while before the epidemic D.C., is a highly respected commentator were carried out, almost all showed that of breast cancer likely to result begins to on public health issues and a frequent DES was not effective. show up. Already, however, breast cancer, the witness before the House Subcommittee By the early 1960s, drug companies were most common form o! cancer in women, on Health and the Environment. po~ring mi111ons into the promotion of a new claims 80,000 new cases annually-many more Dr. Wolfe's startling report on estro­ estrogen concoction-the birth-control pill. than in earlier times--and results in 33,000 gen supplements points out that: The promotion worked. Pill users increased to deaths per year. a.bout 2 million in 1964-severa.1 yea.rs after In 1977, I obtained unpublished data. from This suspected carcinogen has been used the pill was first marketed-and to 6 Inillion by a.n estimated 30 million American WO'llP,n. a.n experiment conducted in 1951 a.t the Uni­ by 1968. versity of Chicago. It showed a. 70% excess of Estrogen is now thought to be one of the But in the next two years pill use declined most potent cancer-ca.using a.gents known. breast cancer in women given DES to pre­ because of reports of adverse effects-among vent miscarriage. This figure may mean that DES, a. synthetic estrogen, was adminis­ them strokes and often-fa.ta.I blood clots in tered to women in the 1940's and 1950's with­ as many a.s 30,000 cases of breast cancer could the lungs. Not too surprisingly, the drug in­ result from DES dosages. out proof of efficacy. Pre-market testing was dustry mounted a. massive counterpromo­ conducted without control groups. tion-a.ided by a. passive Food and Drug Why do drug companies persist in selling a. W9men taking estrogens for menopause Administration-that quickly neutralized drug that is clearly suspect? For money, of a.re ~14 times more likely to develop uterine the well-documented evidence of the pill's course. Indeed, one major reason why such cancer than a.re women not using these dangers. firms a.re among the most profitable busl­ drugs. Birth-control pill sales a.gain shot upward. nesses in the country is that they a.re able to By 1975, 8 million women were on the pill, foist on society much of the cost o! doing This article will alert all Members of and by this year a.n estimated Ininimum of business. Only a. tiny fraction o! the trust Congress to badly needed reforms in our 20 ml111on women in the United States have cost of many drugs-in loss o! lives and present Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. used birth-control pills a.t one time or an­ health-is pa.id out as the result o! product­ The administration's proposed Drug other. liability lawsuits. Regulation Reform Act would permit The third major use of estrogens came in The tragedy is that the vast majority o! persons representing the public interest, the mid-'60s, for treatment of menopause. women who took estrogens were never in­ such as Dr. Wolfe, to testify at public Another major marketing effort was mounted. formed of the dangers a.s well a.s the real hearings, for the record, before a new Thls time hundreds of articles appeared in benefits, if any, of the drugs. Now that these women's magazines and newspapers extrolling risks have become public knowledge, many drug is approved by the Food and Drug the virtues--often undocumented by scien­ women have embarked on their own cancer­ Administration. tific evidence-of estrogens for treating the prevention programs-by simply choosing not We need to encourage i:,ublic accounta­ symptoms of menopause. to take estrogen at all. As well they should.e bility in our new drug approval proce­ In one retirement community, the use of dures, particularly if, as Dr. Wolfe points estrogens jumped from 0.6% in 1964 to 21 % out in his article, American drug compa­ by 1969, a 35-fold increase. To date, an esti­ nies have not always acted responsibly mated 10 million women have used the drugs . NO DELAY NEEDED FOR STRIP for menopausal problems. MINING ACT in the past. Estrogen, the wonder drug, has thus proved The article follows: to be a wondrous marketing success on three [From the Los Angeles Times, April 27, 1978) fronts. However, that success is now turning HON. MORRIS K. UDALL FROM "MmACLE DRUG" TO CANCER CAUSE into a. major public concern, for in all three of OF ARIZONA its major usages troubles have arisen: 30 MILLION AMERICAN WOMEN ARE ENDANGERED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BECAUSE RISKS WERE IGNORED -In 1971, researchers at Boston's Massa­ chusetts General Hospital discovered a. Tuesday, May 9, 1978 (By Sidney Wolfe) startling upsurge in the occurrence of a.n Doctors and drug companies pitched estro­ extremely rare kind of vaginal and cervical • Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, I am sure gen to the public as a "miracle drug" from cancer among adolescent girls. One common that many of my colleagues have received the 1940s to the early 1970s. As a. result, a.n thread united the victims: Their mothers had letters in recent weeks from operators of estimated 30 million American women have all used DES during pregnancy to prevent coal surface mines about the implemen­ taken supplements of the substance (which miscarriage. More than 200 cases of this occurs naturally a.s a female hormone). Such strange and often-fatal cancer have now tation of the Surface Mining Control and additional amounts were believed useful in occurred in the United States in girls and Reclamation Act of 1977. As we ap­ preventing conception or miscarriage, or in women between the ages of 8 and 28. More proached the May 3 deadline for impa­ alleviating the symptoms of menopause. than 10 % of these victims have died of that sition of the interim reclamation stand­ But now it has come to ligl'1t that estrogen cancer. ards, many operators were fearful that is also one of the most potent cancer-ca.using Then, three yea.rs a.go, Dr. Donald Austin they were about to be subjected to un­ agents known-a fact that many doctors and of the California. Department of Health re­ forgiving regulations that could :result drug companies have recognized for 40 years. ported an extra.ordinary recent increase in The first widespread use of estrogen oc­ cancer of the uterus. In just five years, from in the closing of their operations. De­ curred in the '50s and '60s. Since it usually 1969 to 1974, the annual rate for uterine spite the flexibility of the act itself and takes 5 to 20 yea.rs after exposure to a car­ cancer in the San Francisco-Oakland area the Department of the Interior's reason­ cinogenic chemical for cancer to develop in had rocketed from 100 to 180 cases per 100,000 able attitude toward enforcement, many CXXIV--827-Part 10 13140 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 9, 1978 called for a delay of the implementation 28,800 passengers each day and the re-· On numerous occasions H. L. Mencken of the bill. quirements of countless shippers. reported-indeed such annotations It now appears that, through the good Northwest Airlines is apparently in no fueled his long, gingery career-the efforts of the States, coal operators and hurry to return to the bargaining table American politician's tendency to drift the Department of the Interior's Office of since it is currently receiving an esti­ into melodramatic buncombe without Surtace Mining (OSM), the implemen­ mated $1,189,000 a day in mutual aid the slightest hesitation. Certainly the tation of the act is proceeding more pact benefits from other air carriers to flapping and fuming from the anti­ smoothly than many believed possible. offset Northwest's loss of revenues during ACTION quarter do nothing to contra­ I am enclosing a report from the May 5 the strike. dict Mencken. McGraw-Hill publication Mine Produc­ To many people of the Twin Cities and Most of us here remember the sorry tivity Report, describing the results of its along the routes in North Dakota and state to which ACTION fell under the telephone survey of State regulatolj· au­ Montana, the Northwest shutdown is a previous two administrations-an archi­ major inconvenience and an economic pelago for otherwise unemployable po­ thorities. According to the article, with hardship. litical appointees. It is a special delight, the exception of problems with the de­ The Minneapolis Tribune, in an edi­ then, to see the current leadership at partment's sedimentation pond regula­ torial today, reflects the concerns of ACTION move the agency several leagues tions, mining officials "have few worries those who are affected by the strike and away from that sorry state, tighten up about the passing of OSM's May 3 dead­ also their hopes that negotiations can be the management, and bring a breeze of line for complete compliance by all coal resumed. The editorial follows: fresh ideas to this stale and jaded city. companies with the interim regulations." (From the Minneapolis Tribune, May 9, 1978] I offer several recent newspaper I am inserting the complete article in THE NORTHWEST PILOTS' STRIKE articles and columns which contain sim­ the RECORD for my colleague's informa­ Northwest Airlines and its pilots have ilar observations: tion: shown again that they can accept a strike as (From the Wall Street Journal, Mar. 30, 1978) STATES SAY MOST MINES COMPLY WITH the cost of bargaining. Whatever that may do POLITICS AND PEOPLE STRIP RULES for company and union self-images, it hurts (By Alan L. Otten) Sedimentation pond provisions of the sur­ others, travelers, shippers, non-striking face Mining Act regulations may create the Northwest employees who have been laid off, OTHER ACTION only major problems for Office of Surface businesses that serve the airline or its cus­ WASHINGTON.-"The federal government Mining and sta. te inspectors, according to a tomers, communities on Northwest's routes. doesn't know all the answers .... It's very MinePro telephone survey of state mine in­ The public interest requires an early settle­ hard to stimulate creative thinking in a spection officials. The officials have few wor­ men-t. bureaucratic environment.... People clos­ ries about the passing of OSM's May 3 dead­ Neither the airline nor the pilots deserve est to a problem understand it best and how line for complete compliance by all coal sympathy. Northwest has made much of the to deal with it best.... " mines with the interim regulations. high pay and other benefits that pilots re­ Those aren't quotations from Wall Street Pennsylvania aides note that, while close ceive. In newspaper ads last week the com­ Journal editorials. They're the perhaps sur­ to 100 percent of the state's mines meet all pany listed the 1977 earnings of 1,455 North­ prising comments of Sam Brown, field other federal standards, sedimentation pond west pilots, from a low of $28,575 to a high of marshal of the anti-Vietnam protest move­ provisions a.re met by "closer to only 10 per­ $85,098. Salaries of various public officials ment, elected treasurer of Colorado by cam­ cent." Maryland officials say their mines could were stuck into the list, too, in case anyone paigning against the banks, and currently be "100 percent in compliance with the fed­ missed the point that airline pilots are well the head of ACTION, the federal agency that eral regulations with a. little work. At present, paid. But the salary comparison ls irrelevant. runs the Peace Corps and a half-dozen do­ the figure is closer to 65 percent, especially We doubt that many people will be distressed mestic volunteer programs. in light of settling pond provisions." to learn that Al Hofstede, Rudy Perplch and Mr. Brown doesn't, however, follow his ob­ West Virginia cites few problems with com­ Wendell Anderson earn less than a lot of servations through to quite the same conclu­ pliance by its coal mines, but Montana calls pilots. Mayors, governors and senators aren't sions that WSJ editorials might. His pre­ sedimentation pond provisions "a definite expected to fly 747s, either. scription for many major economic and so­ problem." Of the states interviewed, only The pilots would prefer comparisons with cial problems is a vast variety of state and Utah indicated problems with meeting fed­ other airlines, and they say that non-pay local programs, both private and public, and eral standards that did not concern sedimen­ issues like working hours are the main ob­ probably helped by federal funds and tech­ tation ponds. stacles. But some of what they want--benefit nical advice. All the states interviewed expect to con­ improvements, for example--would add to "I know a big centralized national program tinue inspection as usual, and few expect Northwest's costs. While we make no judg­ has been the traditional liberal answer," he serious intervention from OSM. None expect ment about the merits of the company's offer says, "but there's substantial evidence that to have to shut down any operating mines, and the union's demands, the pilots' current the liberals have been wrong. I want change but all indicate that mines not totally tn pay and benefit levels are a long way above all across the board, too, but I believe the compliance with the regulations, "would be hardship. Those levels would increase under surest chance for change to begin happen­ heavily leaned on." As one state official notes, the company proposal. Perhaps they would be ing ls at the local level." "The May 3 deadline ls not a catastrophe, higher yet if based on industry averages. But The liberal--some would say radical-Mr. nor does anyone expect the inspectors to act in a high-pay profession, surely industry Brown dates his misgivings about federal pro­ as if they were participating in a witch­ comparisons are not the only criteria fo.r grams and federal bureaucrats back to his hunt."e fairness. anti-Vietnam days, when he saw how diffi­ Northwest and its pilots can decide what is cult it was to change a national policy that fair, but not until they get back to the he and many other people thought wrong. bargaining table. Sparring at a distance is The doubts were deepened by his experiences THE NORTHWF.ST PILOTS' STRIKE inexcusable when so many not involved in as Colorado treasurer. "I quickly acquired a the dispute are being harmed. Both sides distrust of the way edicts were handed down seem to have forgotten that a strike in any from Washington," he recalls. "Wha.t, after HON. BRUCE F. VENTO major transportation industry is not just a all, did they know of our special needs?" OF MINNESOTA private affair.e Now 34, Mr. Brown has already proved him­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES self an atypical bureaucrat. In an unheard­ of voluntary surrender of sovereignty, he's Tuesday, May 9. 1978 backed a plan to turn the Peace Corps, some • Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, early on MELODRAMATIC BUNCOMBE 40 % of his agency's budget, over to a new international development agency. Starting April 29 the pilots on Northwest Airlines this week, state offices of ACTION will have refused to work further because the com· HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER authority to approve local projects without pany failed since July 1977 to do any OF COLORADO getting regional or Washington approval. A meaningful bargaining which might lead campaign launched just a year ago has al­ to a new contract. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ready reduced by 60%-from 1,375 to 543-­ To their credit, the Airline Pilots Asso­ Tuesday, May 9, 1978 the number of agency reports and forms. ciation had accepted the National Media­ "If you look at the plans a.round this e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, late town," Mr. Brown declares, "they're much less tion Board's invitation to binding arbi­ last month a "Dear Colleague" made the imaginative and creative than what ls ac­ tration on the issues with a no-strike rounds, a sort of "when did you stop tually being done around the country." ple~ge. Northwest Airlines refused, pre­ beating your wife" twit, about ACTION One explanation, he suggests, is that "so f ernng to shut down most of it.s opera­ and its director-who, I should acknowl­ much in this town is reckoned in wins and tions in disregard of the travel needs of edge, hails from Colorado. losses. People won't take a change for a big May 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13141 win, with something really new a.nd creative, Before adoption by ACTION, the proposed [From the Denver Post, Ma.r. 16, 1978) because if it doesn't work, they might ha.ve a. rules will be published in the Federal Regis­ SAM BROWN'S FADING IMAGE AS A PROTESTER big loss. So they go in for the sma.ll incre­ ter. mental win-doing a. little more of wha.t Brown, former sta.te treasurer of Colorado, (By Lee Olson) they're a.lrea.dy doing. Then, if they lose, they requested the draft of rules Ia.st December The Washington columnists write about lose less." a.fter publications of charges-mostly vague Sam Brown a.s if he were some sort of traitor Moreover, he notes, there's a.n almost in­ and general--of conflicts of interest within to a cause. stitutional compulsion to defend your own ACTION. He's deserted his place on the barricades turf-to take your agency's tra.dltlona.l posi­ At tha.t time, a.n i.ntema.l investigation ha.d of the anti-Vietnam war protest for a "safe" tion on pending issues, to try to expand disclosed what Brown described as the ap­ colonelcy in Jimmy Carter's bureaucracy. your own programs, to fight off other agen­ pearance of a conflict. Brown resolved that So runs the theme. cies' attempts to lnva.de your a.rea.. difficulty by canceling a. $50,740 contra.ct. We COloradans know better. We saw the As a.n example of the town's preoccupation The proposed rules were drafted by a. task transition of Sam Brown four years ago when with turf a.nd wins a.nd losses, he cites wha.t force headed by ACTION's genera.I counsel, he put away the trappings of protest to run happened when he endorsed transfer of the Harry Ma.cLea.n, former first assistant attor­ successfully for a highly-responsible politi­ Pea.ce Corps to the proposed development ney genera.I for Colorado. A specialty of Mac­ cal Job, Colorado sta.te tree.surer. agency-a. move tha.t ma.de absolute sense to Lean's in Colorado was a.na.lyzing a.nd draft­ Then, a yea.r ago, when President Carter him, since the Pea.ce Corps is supposed to be ing open-government leglsla.tlon. beckoned, Brown went to Washington as in the interna.tlona.l development business. MacLean said existing federal rules "con­ hea.d of the $200-mllllon ACTION agency. "Privately," he relates, "people told me I wa.s sist of a hodgepodge of executive order pro­ Tha.t, too, ls a responsible, detail-ridden doing a. grea.t thing, setting a. grea.t example. visions, statutory prohibitions, regulations Job. But Brown's trouble with the Wash­ But then the columnists pictured me as of the Clvll Service Commission a.nd various ington press corps is that he's type-ca.st. If losing a. big power struggle." sta.nda.rd or bollerplate provisions developed he was a protester in 1968 he's supposed to Mr. Brown, who 1s clearly more interested by other agencies. They overlap a.nd a.re in­ be one now. Why doesn't he do something in the potential of ACTION's domestic volun­ consistent with one another.'' charismatic? teer programs tha.n in the more glamorous It's a. little like asking Shirley Temple, a.s Peace Corps, has several reasons for think­ Further, Ma.cLea.n sa.ld, no attempt a.ppa.­ rently was ever ma.de to a.de.pt the "hodge­ a.n a.dult, to sing, "On the Good Ship Lolll­ ing that local programs offer the -best hope pop." for addressing society's current difficulties. podge" to the pa.rtlcula.r needs of ACTION. Actual conflicts of lnterest--when a. per­ The truth ls, Sa.m Brown ls doing what he's "I'm not sure there a.re big national solu­ a.I ways done: take respons1b111ty, direct peo­ tions anymore," he says, "and if there were, son ls directly in a. position of serving due.I a.nd incompatible lnterests--a.re a.lrea.dy pro­ ple effectively a.nd work ha.rd for his ob­ the magnitude of the consequences of any jectives. single national act slows you from doing hibited by la.w, Ma.cLea.n sa.ld. His task force anything at all. It's like a giant tiptoeing therefore concentrated on situations in which He ca.me through Denver the other day to through a field. One misstep, and you squash there ls the a.ppea.ra.nce of a. conflict or the look at the Atlantis Community, where some everything-so you don't walk at all." potentla.l for conflict. VISTA volunteers a.re upgrading the quality of life for less-fortunate citizens. He also And "when no one has the big answer," Some samples of the proposed rules follow: 1 he continues, "that's the time you most "No employee or a.ny person subject to his expressed himself on some of his goals. ought to be trying out different little or her supervision ma.y pa.rticlpa.te in the Brown thinks a. grea.t ma.ny of the youth­ answers." decision to a.we.rd a. gra.nt or a. contra.ct to ful philosophica.l objectives of the pa.st dec­ Not only is it easier to mobtllze people at a.n orga.nlzatlon with which tha.t employee ade ha.ve been achieved. He sa.ys the Pea.CE! loca.l levels, he argues, but it's particularly ha.s been a.ssocla.ted in the pa.st two yea.rs. Corps, which ls being transferred from his ACTION agency, ha.s helped transform U.S. important right now that the effort be made Employees "ma.y not represent anyone there. "People must learn to become com­ foreign a.id. Brown sa.id: else in a. matter pending before the agency." "Fifteen yea.rs ago the Pea.ce corps wa.s mitted again," he says with some of his anti­ "No regular employee may be a.ssocia.ted war fervor. "They're not going to get com­ saying, 'Work with the people'-don't Just with a.ny ACTION grantee, contractor or shove technology a.t the less developed na­ mitted for big federal programs, but they potential grantee or contractor. Any organi­ may for local ones. Local action 1s on a hu­ tions. Now the whole interna.tiona.l program man scale. People can respond." zation tha.t is a.ssocia.ted with a. regular em­ ha.s come a.round to the Pea.ce Corps point of For instance, he argues, the need in ployee shall be suspended from considera­ view. We're focusing on food production, on blighted urban areas 1s for many small, labor tion... . village health. We're trying to feed the one intensive projects, rather than huge projects "No specie.I employee sha.ll participate b1111on poorest people in the world.'' that tend to be capital intensive: Jitneys and on behalf of a.n orga.niza.tion in a.ny aspect of So with world programs benefiting from escort services instead of rail transit systems; the development of a. contra.ct, propose.I or the Pea.ce Corps approach, Brown doesn't see sweat equity to restore existing homes in­ project to be submitted to ACTION. a.ny need to try to keep a. burea.ucra.tic grip stead of large new housing complexes; small "For one yea.r a.fter leaving ACTION, no on the 6,000 Pea.ce Corpsmen in 63 different plants or repair shops instead of la.rge fac­ regular or special employee ma.y accept em­ countries. Their role ls clea.r-cut. tories. ployment with a.n ACTION grantee or con­ But he does see exciting needs involving ACTION 1s trying to develop a number of tractor for a. position in which he or she young people in the United States. He's en­ ways to provide money for different types of would be working in a.ny activity supported thusiastic a.bout a. new program in Syracuse, small, locally-organized volunteer projects, in whole or in pa.rt by ACTION funds re­ N.Y., in which youngsters 16 to 21 wm ha.ve and a couple ma.de it into the President's ceived under a.n ACTION program which was VISTA assignments in the private sector for Just-announced urban program. One, for in­ within the boundaries of the employee's one yea.r. stance, would provide small (average: $5,000) specie.I responsibility or in which he or she They, will get a. $78-a.-week stipend, plus a grants to cover the costs of supplies and ad­ pa.rticipa.ted personally.... " $400 educational voucher at the end of the ministrative overhead for neighborhood or­ (For violations of this rule, ACTION would yea.r. They will work at senior centers, assist ganizations using volunteer labor to set up disa.llow funds a.lloca.ted for the position in­ in meals-on-wheels programs and lea.rn be.sic an urban garden or paint a mural. volved a.nd would pla.ce a letter in the em­ work ha.bits and skills. The current Syracuse "One reason I came to this agency, rather ployee's personnel file.) effort ls funded a.t $8 million to support 1,660 than some other agency," Mr. Brown sa.ys, young inductees. The dra.ft propose.ls would require regular "They really care a.bout their town," Brown "ls that we don't have a 'program.' We aren't a.nd specie.I employees to submLt fina.ncla.l pushing 3020 or any other one big solution. said of the Syracuse commission which statements within five days and would es­ guides the effort. "And the young people We have a mechanism-volunteers-and we tablish a permanent ACTION committee on want to try lots of different little solutions really wa.nt to help their community.'' conflicts of interest. wm Denver ha.ve such a. program? using that mechanism.'' Comparatively con· Several publications speculated late la.st servatlve fellow, that Sam Brown. "We ha.veto know 1f the idea. works," sa.id yea.r-one of them in a loca.l gossip column­ Brown. At present it's the only idea. around about possible conflicts of interest at AC­ to dee.I with the rea.l crisis of unemployed [From the Rocky Mountain News, Ma.r. 26, TION. A source close to Brown said at the young people.''. 1978] time that the reports were largely unfounded And here, perhaps, ls where the matured ACTION GIVEN "MODEL" RULES AIMED AT and had orlglna.ted ·with unhappy employees wa.r protester in Sa.m Brown begins to emerge. CONFLICT OF INTEREST or former employees. He ls· fa.scina.ted by the 1906 statement (By Charles Roos) The $50,740 contract canceled by Brown by philosopher Wlllla.m Ja.mes a.bout service WASHINGTON.-ACTION, the federal volun­ was for writing manuals for ACTION vol­ to one's country as being "the more.I equiv­ teer agency, has been presented a shiny set unteers by a Washington-based community alent of wa.r.'' of proposed rules to dee.I with conflicts of development agency. An official of that Ja.mes favored national service. So does interest a.nd the "revolving door" ha.bit of agency had served a.s a special consultant Brown. workers who move be.ck and forth between to ACTION. "Everybody should serve his country," said government and private business. MacLea.n sa.id an lnvestlga.tlon showed Brown. "The discipline of military service is Director Sa.m Brown said the new rules a.p­ clearly that no existing rule wa.s violated, good-but we should harness this service for pea.r to be a. "model." He likes them so much but Brown concluded the situation was "un­ pea.ce, not war.'' he is willing to she.re them with other fed­ acceptable" because of the appearance of a It a.ppea.rs we can now accuse Sam Brown eral agencies. possible conflict. of believing the country ls worth saving.e