Ecologica Montenegrina 42: 85-95 (2021) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.42.4

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:24BAA62F-153F-41F6-AAD5-973748994C32

A new species of the genus Wallengren, 1891 (Trichoptera: ) from Qafështamë National Park in

HALIL IBRAHIMI1 & ASTRIT BILALLI2*

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, “Mother Theresa” street, p.n., 10000, Prishtinë, Republic of . 2Faculty of Agribusiness, University of Peja “Haxhi Zeka”, “UÇK” street, 30000, Pejë, Republic of Kosovo. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Received 28 March 2021 │ Accepted by V. Pešić: 20 May 2021 │ Published online 25 May 2021.

Abstract In this paper we describe Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n., a new species of the Potamophylax winneguthi species group, from Qafështamë National Park in Albania. The new species belongs to the Potamophylax tagas species cluster and is most close to Potamophylax hajlos Oláh, 2012 and Potamophylax alsos Oláh, 2014. Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n. differs from all known species of the P. tagas species cluster by its unique shape of aedeagus. It also differs from its most similar congeners mainly in exhibiting differently shaped inferior appendages and parameres in males, as well as setose sternite IX and the dorsal unsetose plate of the anal tube in female. The new species is microendemic of Qafështamë National Park and is the fifth known species of the Potamophylax tagas species cluster, which is distributed in Albania and Macedonia.

Key words: Potamophylax tagas species complex; rare species; endemic species; Balkan Peninsula.

Introduction

The genus Potamophylax Wallengren, 1891 with more than 40 currently described taxa is mainly distributed in Europe, with Iberian Peninsula, Balkan Peninsula and Apennines as the main speciation areas (Ibrahimi et al. 2021; Martinez et al. 2016; Mey 1979; Oláh et al. 2013; Oláh & Kovács, 2014). Only few taxa, and most of them widely distributed in Europe, are present in nearby Asia, mostly in areas adjacent to Europe. Potamophylax excisus Martinov, 1926 and Potamophylax luctuosus armeniacus Mey, 1979 are the only taxa endemic to Asia, more precisely to Caucasus. During 2012, three new species of the Potamophylax winneguthi species group were described, all of them from Albania: Potamophylax hajlos from Dajt mountains and surrounding southern area, and Potamophylax kesken Oláh, 2012 and Potamophylax tagas Oláh and Kovács, 2012 from the Korab mountains. During 2014 the fourth species of this species cluster, Potamophylax alsos, was described from Jabllanicë Mountains in (Oláh & Kovács 2012, 2014). They were grouped in a new

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Potamophylax tagas species cluster, differing from other species of the Potamophylax winneguthi group mainly by their rounded apex of inferior appendages and without any other projection. During 2016 we sampled in Qafështamë National Park in central Albania, a population of the Potamophylax tagas species complex, which although resembles the already described species in some characteristics, it couldn’t be placed in any of them, due to the clear differences in the genitalia of males and female. This initiated a detailed analysis of populations of all known species, which made clear that the population from Qafështamë National Park represents a distinct species. Thus, the goal of this paper is to describe this new species of the Potamophylax tagas species complex and discuss morphological and ecological features of this complex.

Material and Methods

We collected adult with entomological nets and handpicking from the riparian vegetation near the stream. Specimens were stored directly in 80% ethanol. Specimens of the new species were collected in the Qafështamë National Park in Krujë Municipality. Qafështamë National Park, with an area of 2000 hectares resides on the eastern side of Kruja town, about 25 kilometers from the town. The park was proclaimed on 1996 and majority of its territory is a forested area. The collected material is deposited at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Prishtinë, Republic of Kosovo. In addition, for comparative assessments of morphological features of Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n. we used specimens of Potamophylax alsos, Potamophylax hajlos, Potamophylax kesken, Potamophylax tagas, Potamophylax coronavirus Ibrahimi, Bilalli and Vitecek, 2021, Potamophylax juliani Kumanski, 1999 and Potamophylax winneguthi Klapalek, 1902. For the species without any specimen available, a comparative assessment was done based on literature (Malicky 2004; Oláh & Kovács 2012). Morphological characteristics of male genitalia of the new species were examined in cleared specimens. Nomenclature of male terminalia follows Nielsen (1957), for flavicornis (Fabricius, 1787) and Kumanski and Malicky (1999). Morphological features of genitalia of Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n. were analyzed from 14 male specimens and 1 female specimen. Illustrations were prepared in Adobe Illustrator (version Creative Cloud 2018), by digitizing pencil templates made with a camera lucida.

Results

Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n. Figs. 1-6, 7A https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CCCCEC9E-C69A-45AD-99E2-269A5B357EE7

Material examined. Holotype. 1 male: Republic of Albania, streamlet in Qafështamë National Park, road towards Burrel town, 41.52460 N, 19.90124 E, 1167 m, 22.11.2016, leg. Halil Ibrahimi and Astrit Bilalli. Paratypes (13 males): same collection and locality data as holotype. Allotype (1 female): same collection and locality data as holotype.

Diagnosis. The new species belongs to the Potamophylax tagas species cluster and is most close to P. hajlos and P. alsos. The new species differs from its most similar congeners mainly in exhibiting: 1) unique shape of aedeagus, easily distinguishable from all known species of the Potamophylax tagas species cluster, which is elongated oval in its upper part, narrowing at the middle and then widening on the remaining length, with strongly sclerotized and differently colored lateral stripes in ventral view, which have even darker and sharply acuminate apex; in P. hajlos aedeagus is quadrangularly shaped throughout its length, with straight lateral margins in ventral view, differently colored lateral stripes in ventral view are present mostly at distal third and without strongly acuminate apex; in P. alsos aedeagus has concave lateral margins in ventral view, differently colored lateral stripes in ventral view are present throughout the entire length of the aedeagus, but without strongly acuminate apex; 2) unique shape and size of the tips of aedeagus, which are narrow and triangularly shaped, with pointed apex and very wide base, narrowest in the whole Potamophylax tagas

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Description. Male (in alcohol) (Figures 1, 2). Head and appendages brown, prothorax, sclerites of meso and metathorax and coxae brown to black; femora and tibiae brown, tarsi gradually darkening toward the apex. Wings dark brown with dark setae. Forewing with very long and strong erect setae on the longitudinal veins. Forewing length 15 – 16.5 mm. Spur formula 1-3-4. Antennae slender. Male maxillary palp 3 segmented.

Figure 1. Male adult of Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n.

Tergite VIII dark brown, darker than the preceding tergites, in dorsal view roughly quadratic in shape, with dorsal portion slightly narrower; setation concentrated on the proximal portion of segment VIII, which is well sclerotized, spinate area elongated with a wider proximal portion in dorsal view, located on the semimembranous distal portion of segment VIII, covered by small black spines, which are more abundant at the appex. Segment IX laterally broad, with rounded proximal areas, with short and narrow dorsal and ventral portions. Superior appendages in lateral view elongated spatulate, with rounded tips, covered with thin setae of medium length. Intermediate appendages are long, sickle-shaped with pointed apex, turned upwards. Inferior appendages long and low with ventral margin curved at an angle at distal half, apex rounded. The phallic apparatus consists of an aedeagus of a long height and a pair of parameres. The aedeagus is bulbous, narrow in the middle, enlarged at the tip with bifid apex, apicomesal excision wide-U- shaped, tips with narrow apex and wide base. In ventral view the aedeagus has a differently colored stripes on the edges with sharply acuminate apex, extending at different portions of the aedeagus tips. Parameres are robust, brown-black in color, upward curving, its tip composed of two longer spines, one of them originating lower, and one or two very small ones.

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Figure 2. Male genitalia of Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n. 1A, left lateral view; 1B, dorsal view; 1C, caudal view; 1D, aedeagus and parameres in ventral view.

Female (in alcohol) (Figure 3). Smaller than the male. Head and appendages brown, prothorax, sclerites of meso and metathorax and light brown to dark brown; femora and tibiae brown, tarsi gradually darkening toward the apex. Wings reduced, light brown in color with brown setae. Forewing with very long and strong erect setae on the longitudinal veins. Forewing length 9.5 mm. Spur formula 1-3-4. Antennae slender. Anal tube formed by the fusion of tergite IX and X is short. Setose sternite IX is rounded in lateral view. Supragenital plate of segment X narrow in ventral view compressed by the enlarged sternite IX. Vulvar scale is composed of the large rounded lateral lobes and small mesal lobe. The dorsal unsetose plate of the anal tube with very narrow apical margin and almost three times wider base in dorsal view.

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Figure 3. Female genitalia of Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n. 1A, left lateral view; 1B, dorsal view; 1C, ventral view.

Discussion

Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n. belongs to the Potamophylax winneguthi species group, which is distributed in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Greece and Bulgaria. This group contains the following species: Potamophylax winneguthi, Potamophylax haidukorum Malicky, 1999, Potamophylax juliani, Potamophylax gurunaki Malicky, 1992, Potamophylax alsos, Potamophylax hajlos, Potamophylax kesken, Potamophylax tagas and Potamophylax coronavirus. Species of this group are microscale endemics of certain mountain ranges in the . Most of the species are known from single localities (P. haidukorum, P. gurunaki, P. alsos, P. coronavirus), while the rest of the species are known from few isolated localities (Kumanski & Malicky 1999; Oláh & Kovács 2014). Unlike all other known taxa of the genus Potamophylax, the Potamophylax winneguthi species group, is notorious for long strong erect setae on forewings, sexual dimorphism and female brachyptery. In two species of this group the reduced wings are observed in males too (Oláh & Kovács 2014). This group was developed in isolated high altitudes and spring habitats of mountainous areas, similar to some other genera of Limnephilidae in Balkans, and finding of several new species, including Potamophylax qafshtamensis sp. n., shows that there are probably more waiting to be discovered in this part of Europe.

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Figure 4. Variations in the shape of inferior appendages and segment IX in Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n.

Figure 5. Variations in the shape of aedeagus in Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n.

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There is a range of variations of inferior appendages, segment IX (Figure 4) and aedeagus (Figure 5) in the new species, similar to the other species of the Potamophylax tagas species cluster. Almost 80% of the observed specimens of the new species have typical inferior appendages with ventral margin curved at an angle and truncated squarely rounded at the apex, as in the holotype. The apex is rounded at some specimens and not squarely truncated. In addition to this, the length of distal part of inferior appendages is quiet variable. While in all observed specimens, the ventral margin of inferior appendages is curved at an angle, the position of the curved angle is at different segments of distal half. Segment IX of male genitalia is slightly variable in terms of width and height. In more than 80 % of the observed specimens, the shape of aedeagus is typical, as in holotype. There is a range of variations in terms of height and width of different segments of aedeagus. In some specimens the apex of the aedeagus is outwardly curved, making the aedeagus tip look wider. Some variations of the aedeagus apex are probably due to the erection state. There is a slight variation in the height of aedeagus as well. There is a slight variation of the position of the lateral darkly colored stripes of the aedeagus (Figure 6). While the edges of the aedeagus are differently colored in all species of the Potamophylax tagas species cluster, it is only in Potamophylax qafshtamensis sp. n. that the colored stripes have strongly acuminate apex of even darker color. In some cases, the apex of the colored stripe is positioned at the very apex of the aedeagus tips in the new species, while in other specimens, the apex of the colored stripe is located lower.

Figure 6. Variation of the darkly colored stripe in the edges of the aedeagus of Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n.

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The Potamophylax tagas species cluster has diversified mainly in the shape of inferior appendages, aedeagus and paramere tips in males, as well as setose sternite IX and dorsal unsetose plate of the anal tube in females. The variations of the shapes of inferior appendages and aedeagus of the other species of the Potamophylax tagas species cluster have already been well documented (Oláh & Kovács 2014) and the new species does not fall in any of them. It is especially the shape of aedeagus which has diversified in this species cluster, and in this regard, Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n. is well delineated from all other species by its uniquely shaped aedeagus (Figure 7).

Figure 7. The shape of aedeagus and parameres (ventral view) of the five species of the Potamophylax tagas species complex.

Preliminary results of molecular analysis of the Potamophylax tagas species complex support the species status of Potamophylax qafshtamaensis sp. n. (Ibrahimi et al., unpublished results). The knowledge about the fauna of the Balkan Peninsula has greatly advanced during the past decade (e.g. Bilalli et al. 2018, 2019; Gashi et al. 2015; Ibrahimi et al. 2012a, b, 2013, 2014a, b, 2015a, b, 2016a, b, 2017a, b, c, 2018a, b, 2019a, b, c, d, 2021; Ibrahimi & Kučinić 2018; Hinić et al. 2020; Karaouzas et al. 2018; Kučinić et al. 2016; Musliu et al. 2020; Oláh 2010, 2011; Oláh & Kovács 2012, 2013,

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2014; Oláh et al. 2012a, b, 2013a, b, 2016, 2018a, b, 2019; Previšić et al. 2014; Slavevska-Stamenković et al. 2020; Vitecek et al. 2015a, b, 2017). However there are still areas which are not totally investigated. For example, data about caddisflies and in general about freshwater biodiversity of the Qafështamë National Park are scarce. Finding of a new species from this national park in Albania, shows that the isolated habitats of high altitudes, as well as spring areas in the Balkan Peninsula may harbor still unknown microscale endemics of caddisflies.

Acknowledgement We would like to thank Professor Janos Oláh for providing type material and/or other specimens of the Potamophylax winneguthi species group. We also thank the subject editor and two reviewers, Professor Janos Oláh and Professor Sajad H. Parey, for their valuable comments that greatly improved the manuscript.

References

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