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An Assessment of Child Health Programmes in the Tamale Metropolis and Nanumba North District

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AN ASSESSMENT OF CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMMES IN THE TAMALE METROPOLIS AND NANUMBA NORTH DISTRICT BY FUSEINI RAHINATU A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Award of Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING June, 2016 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the MSc and that to the best of my knowledge it contains neither materials previously published by another person or materials that have been accepted for the award of any other degree by the university or any other university except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Fuseini Rahinatu (PG3001309) ……………………….. ……………………… (Name of Student) (Signature) (Date) Certified By: Mrs. Dina Adei ……………………….. ……………………… (Supervisor) (Signature) (Date) Certified By: (Dr. Daniel K. B. Inkoom) ……………………….. ……………………… (Head of Department) (Signature) (Date) ii DEDICATION I dedicate this piece of work to my parents who educated me from basic school to the tertiary level. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research work would not have been possible without the life, good health and the abundant grace bestowed on me by God Almighty to carry through the entire study. It would also not have been possible without the vigilant eyes and critical pieces of advice and guidance of my supervisor, Mrs. Dina Adei. I am further grateful to my supervisor at work, Alhaji Sanni Mohammed Yakubu (Deputy Country Director/Head of Programmes/Policy, ActionAid Ghana) who made it possible for me to start the DEPP programme. It is not likely to capture in print all who have contributed to the success of this study. I am therefore most grateful to all who diversely supported during this research work. I say God bless you all. iv ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to review the performance of child health programmes implemented in the Tamale Metropolis and the Nanumba North District. The case study research design was adopted to undertake this research. Respondents were drawn from the Ghana Health Service (GHS) (2), Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) (2) and women (201) within the child bearing age in the study areas. It was found that five different child health programmes have been carried out in the study area over the years. These were malaria prevention/treatment programmes, nutrition supplement and immunisation programmes to protect children against childhood killer diseases and breastfeeding awareness creation. Institutions found operating most of these child health programmes in the study area included GHS, United Nations Education and Children fund (UNICEF) and Youth Advocacy on Rights and Opportunities (YARO) (a non-governmental organization). The study further showed that, physical accessibility/distance barrier affected the coverage of many child health programmes taking place in the study area. It was also realised that the greater segment of women (60 percent) harboured the perception that most diseases are spiritual and were therefore inclined to traditional medicine. This largely stems from the low levels of education attainment in the study area, for instance, about 31 percent and 22.7 percent of the respondents in the Nanumba North District and Tamale Metropolis never attended school. However, successful treatments of diseases such as convulsion, malaria and other ailments among the six childhood killer diseases (previously perceived to be spiritually-caused) has helped significantly in changing such superstitious perceptions, which has led to the general acceptance of child health programmes in the study area. It came to light in the study that; the cultural beliefs, low level of cooperation among health stakeholders, and inadequate health workers are among the major challenges encountered in the implementation of child health programmes in the Nanumba North District and Tamale Metropolis. The study recommends among other things, the need for Ghana Health Service to partner with other stakeholders especially the Information Department of the District Assembly, to embark on rigorous sensitization in order to diffuse the misconceptions of the people about child health programmes. As a way of tackling the distance barrier, the study suggested that the relevant authorities like the GHS and the District Assembly should construct additional health facilities especially Community Health Based Planning Services (CHPS Compound) at vantage points to enhance easy access to health services. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT PAGE DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………………………….iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. xi LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Questions .......................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Research Objectives ......................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Scope of the Study............................................................................................................ 5 1.6 Justification of the Study .................................................................................................. 6 1.7 Organization of the Research Report ............................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................................... 8 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON PROGRAMMES OF CHILD HEALTH CARE ................ 8 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Definition of Relevant Concepts ...................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Child Health ............................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Child Health Programmes ......................................................................................... 8 2.3 Approaches of Child Health Care Programmes ............................................................... 9 2.4 New Initiatives and Programmatic Approaches of Child Health Care Programmes ..... 10 2.4.1 Health Sector Reforms ............................................................................................. 11 2.4.2 Vaccination Strategies ............................................................................................. 11 2.4.3 Integrated Packaging of Child Health Care Programmes ........................................ 12 2.4.4 Innovation and Scientific Advances ........................................................................ 14 2.4.5 Results of Child Health Programmes ...................................................................... 14 vi 2.5 Child Health in Ghana ................................................................................................... 15 2.5.1 Child Morbidity ....................................................................................................... 16 2.5.2 Child Malnutrition .................................................................................................. 17 2.5.3 Maternal Mortality .................................................................................................. 17 2.6 Policy Framework ......................................................................................................... 18 2.7 Interventions for Child Health Care Promotion in Ghana............................................. 24 2.8 Policy and Programme Environment ............................................................................ 27 2.9 Challenges of the Programmes‟ Implementation .......................................................... 28 2.10 Poverty-Health Nexus………………………………………………………………...29 2.11 Conceptual framework of the Study............................................................................. 30 CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................. 33 PROFILE OF STUDY AREA AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................
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