Castle Eden Dene NNR Vascular Checklist 2011 Compiled and published by John Durkin, BSBI recorder for County Durham Habitats Magnesian limestone coastal dene woodland, the county's best yew and small-leaved lime woodlands. Area 312.1 hectares.

Key species Common Gromwell, Blue Moor Grass, Frog Orchid, Purple Milk Vetch, Pale St John's Wort, Birds Nest Orchid, Juniper, Downy Currant, Herb Paris Round-leaved Wintergreen, Fly Orchid.

Access Car park at visitor centre, NZ 428394

Facilities Visitor Centre, information boards.

More information Natural England website Data This checklist is based on 2400 records.

Spindle

Significant species are highlighted in green and have a most recent date.

Scientific name English name Most recent Acer campestre Field Maple Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Achillea millefolium Yarrow Achillea ptarmica Sneezewort Adoxa moschatellina Moschatel 1998 Aegopodium podagraria Ground-elder Aesculus carnea Red Horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut Aethusa cynapium Fool's Parsley Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony Agrimonia procera Fragrant Agrimony Agrostis capillaris Common Bent Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent Ajuga reptans Bugle Alchemilla filicaulis subsp. vestita Common Lady's mantle Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Allium scorodoprasum Sand Leek Allium ursinum Ramsons Alnus glutinosa Alder Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail Ammophila arenaria Marram Anacamptis pyramidalis Pyramidal Orchid Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica Anisantha sterilis Barren Brome Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney Vetch Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine Arctium lappa Greater Burdock Arctium minus Lesser Burdock Arctium nemorosum Wood Burdock Arenaria serpyllifolia sens. lat. Armoracia rusticana Horse -radish Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-Grass Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-rue Asplenium trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens Maidenhair Spleenwort Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern Atriplex glabriuscula Babington's Orache Atriplex patula Common Orache Atriplex prostrata Spear-leaved Orache Avena strigosa Bristle Oat Significant species are highlighted in green and have a most recent date.

Scientific name English name Most recent Ballota nigra Black Horehound Barbarea intermedia Medium-flowered Winter-cress Barbarea vulgaris Winter-cress Bellis perennis Daisy Berberis vulgaris Barberry Betula pendula Silver Birch Betula pubescens Downy Birch Blechnum spicant Hard-fern Bolboschoenus maritimus Sea Club-rush Botrychium lunaria Moonwort 1970 Brachypodium pinnatum Heath False-brome Brachypodium sylvaticum False-brome Briza media Quaking-grass Bromopsis erecta Upright Brome Bromopsis ramosa Hairy-brome Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus Common Soft-brome Brunnera macrophylla Great Forget-me-not Buddleja davidii Butterfly-bush Cakile maritima Sea Rocket Calamagrostis epigejos Wood Small-reed Calluna vulgaris Heather Caltha palustris Marsh-marigold Calystegia sepium subsp. sepium Great Bindweed Calystegia silvatica Large Bindweed Camelina sativa Gold-of-pleasure Campanula glomerata Clustered Bellflower 1991 Campanula latifolia Giant Bellflower Campanula rotundifolia Harebell Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-purse Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower Carduus nutans Musk Thistle Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge Carex hirta Hairy Sedge Carex nigra Common Sedge Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge Carex ovalis Oval Sedge Carex panicea Carnation Sedge Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge Carex pilulifera Pill Sedge Carex pseudocyperus Cyperus Sedge Carex sylvatica Wood-sedge Carex vesicaria Bladder-sedge Carex viridula subsp. oedocarpa Common Yellow-sedge Carlina vulgaris Carline Thistle Carpinus betulus Hornbeam Castanea sativa Sweet Chestnut Significant species are highlighted in green and have a most recent date.

Scientific name English name Most recent Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed Centaurea scabiosa Greater Knapweed Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury Cephalanthera longifolia Narrow-leaved Helleborine Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear Chaenorhinum minus Small Toadflax Chaerophyllum temulum Rough Chervil Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Lawson's Cypress Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb Chenopodium album agg. Chrysosplenium oppositifolium Opposite -leaved Golden-saxifrage Cicerbita macrophylla Common Blue-sow-thistle (UK Subspecies) Common Blue- Cicerbita macrophylla subsp. uralensis sow-thistle Circaea lutetiana Enchanter's-nightshade Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle Cirsium heterophyllum Melancholy Thistle Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle Clinopodium ascendens Common Calamint 1989 Clinopodium calamintha Lesser Calamint 1972 Clinopodium vulgare Wild Basil 2000 Conium maculatum Hemlock Conopodium majus Pignut Convallaria majalis Lily-of-the-valley 1999 Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed Cornus alba White Dogwood Cornus sanguinea Dogwood Corylus avellana Hazel Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawk's-beard Crepis paludosa Marsh Hawk's-beard Crepis vesicaria Beaked Hawk's-beard Cruciata laevipes Crosswort Cymbalaria muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail Re- Cypripedium calceolus Lady's-slipper introduced Cystopteris fragilis Brittle Bladder-fern 2010 Cytisus scoparius Broom Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot Dactylorhiza fuchsii Common Spotted-orchid Dactylorhiza purpurella Northern Marsh-orchid Daphne laureola Spurge-laurel Daucus carota subsp. carota Wild Carrot Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Diplotaxis tenuifolia Perennial Wall-rocket Doronicum pardalianches Leopard's-bane Significant species are highlighted in green and have a most recent date.

Scientific name English name Most recent Dryopteris affinis subsp. borreri Scaly Male-fern Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush Elymus caninus Bearded Couch Elytrigia juncea Sand Couch Elytrigia repens Common Couch Elytrigia repens subsp. arenosa Common Couch Epilobium ciliatum American Willowherb Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb Epilobium parviflorum Hoary Willowherb Epipactis helleborine Broad-leaved Helleborine Epipactis palustris Marsh Helleborine Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail Equisetum hyemale Rough Horsetail 1867 Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail Equisetum telmateia Great Horsetail Eranthis hyemalis Winter Aconite Erigeron acer Blue Fleabane Eryngium maritimum Sea-holly Euonymus europaeus Spindle 2010 Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge Euphrasia nemorosa Eyebright Euphrasia tetraquetra Eyebright Fagus sylvatica Beech Fallopia japonica Japanese Knotweed Fallopia sachalinensis Giant Knotweed Fallopia x bohemica F. japonica x sachalinensis Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Festuca gigantea Giant Fescue Festuca ovina agg. Sheep's-fescue Festuca pratensis Meadow Fescue Festuca rubra Red Fescue Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry Fraxinus excelsior Ash Fraxinus ornus Manna Ash Galanthus nivalis Snowdrop Galeopsis tetrahit Common Hemp-nettle Galium aparine Cleavers Galium odoratum Woodruff Galium palustre Marsh-bedstraw Galium saxatile Heath Bedstraw Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw Gaultheria shallon Shallon Significant species are highlighted in green and have a most recent date.

Scientific name English name Most recent Genista hispanica Spanish Gorse Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Crane's-bill Geranium molle Dove's-foot Crane's-bill Geranium pratense Meadow Crane's-bill Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert Geranium sanguineum Bloody Crane's-bill Geranium sylvaticum Wood Crane's-bill Geum rivale Water Avens Geum urbanum Wood Avens Geum x intermedium G. rivale x urbanum Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass Gnaphalium uliginosum Marsh Cudweed Gymnadenia conopsea Fragrant Orchid Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak Fern 1867 Hedera helix Common Ivy Helianthemum nummularium Common Rock-rose Helictotrichon pratense Meadow Oat-grass Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sphondylium Hogweed Hesperis matronalis Dame's-violet Hieracium agg. Hawkweed Hieracium eboracense Hawkweed Hieracium exotericum sens. lat. Hawkweed Hieracium sabaudum Hawkweed Hieracium sp. a hawkweed Hieracium vagum a hawkweed Hieracium vulgatum a hawkweed Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grass Honckenya peploides Sea Sandwort Hordeum murinum Wall Barley Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell Hybrid Bluebell (H. non-scripta x Hyacinthoides x massartiana hispanica) Hypericum androsaemum Tutsan Hypericum calycinum Rose-of-Sharon Hypericum hirsutum Hairy St John's-wort Hypericum montanum Pale St John's-wort 1979 Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort Hypericum pulchrum Slender St John's-wort Hypericum tetrapterum Square-stalked St John's-wort Hypochaeris radicata Cat's-ear Ilex altaclarensis Hybrid Holly Ilex aquifolium Holly Impatiens glandulifera Indian Balsam Iris foetidissima Stinking Iris Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush Significant species are highlighted in green and have a most recent date.

Scientific name English name Most recent Juncus bufonius Toad Rush Juncus conglomeratus Compact Rush Juncus effusus Soft-rush Juncus inflexus Hard Rush Juniperus communis Juniper Knautia arvensis Field Scabious Koeleria macrantha sens. lat. Crested Hair-grass Laburnum anagyroides Laburnum Lactuca virosa Great Lettuce Lamium album White Dead-nettle Lamium purpureum Red Dead-nettle Lapsana communis Nipplewort Larix decidua European Larch Larix kaempferi Japanese Larch Hybrid Larch (L. decidua x Larix x marschlinsii kaempferi) Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling Lemna minor Common Duckweed Leontodon autumnalis Autumn Hawkbit Leontodon hispidus Rough Hawkbit Lepidium draba Hoary Cress Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy Leymus arenarius Lyme-grass Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet Linaria vulgaris Common Toadflax Linum catharticum Fairy Flax Listera ovata Common Twayblade Lithospermum officinale Common Gromwell 1867 Lolium multiflorum Italian Rye-grass Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass Lolium temulentum Darnel Lonicera nitida Wilson's Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle Lotus corniculatus Common Bird's-foot-trefoil Luzula pilosa Hairy Wood-rush Luzula sylvatica Great Wood-rush Lysimachia nemorum Yellow Pimpernel Lysimachia nummularia Creeping-Jenny Malus sylvestris Crab Apple Matricaria discoidea Pineappleweed Matricaria recutita Scented Mayweed Medicago lupulina Black Medick Melica nutans Mountain Melick 1939 Melica uniflora Wood Melick 2003 Melilotus altissimus Tall Melilot Mentha aquatica Water Mint Peppermint (M. aquatica x Mentha x piperita spicata) Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury Significant species are highlighted in green and have a most recent date.

Scientific name English name Most recent Milium effusum Wood Millet Moehringia trinervia Three-nerved Sandwort Molinia caerulea Purple Moor-grass Mycelis muralis Wall Lettuce Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides Water Forget-me-not Myosotis sylvatica Wood Forget-me-not Narcissus pseudonarcissus Daffodil / Wild Daffodil Neottia nidus-avis Bird's-nest Orchid 1999 Odontites vernus Red Bartsia Ononis repens Common Restharrow Ophrys insectifera Fly Orchid 1979 Orchis mascula Early-purple Orchid Origanum vulgare Wild Marjoram Oxalis acetosella Wood-sorrel Paris quadrifolia Herb-paris 2003 Parnassia palustris Grass-of-Parnassus 1990 Pentaglottis sempervirens Green Alkanet Persicaria bistorta Common Bistort Persicaria maculosa Redshank Petasites albus White Butterbur Petasites fragrans Winter Heliotrope Petasites hybridus Butterbur Petasites japonicus Giant Butterbur Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass Phegopteris connectilis Beech Fern 1972 Philadelphus coronarius Mock-orange Philadelphus x virginalis Hairy Mock-orange Phleum bertolonii Smaller Cat's-tail Phleum pratense Timothy Phragmites australis Common Reed Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart's-tongue Picea abies Norway Spruce Picea sitchensis Sitka Spruce Picris echioides Bristly Oxtongue Picris hieracioides Hawkweed Oxtongue Pilosella officinarum Mouse-ear-hawkweed Pimpinella saxifraga Burnet-saxifrage Pinguicula vulgaris Common Butterwort Pinus sylvestris Scots Pine Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain Plantago major Greater Plantain Plantago maritima Sea Plantain Plantago media Hoary Plantain Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass Poa nemoralis Wood Meadow-grass Poa pratensis sens. lat. Smooth Meadow-grass Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass Polemonium caeruleum Jacob's-ladder Significant species are highlighted in green and have a most recent date.

Scientific name English name Most recent Polygala serpyllifolia Heath Milkwort Polygala vulgaris Common Milkwort Polygonum aviculare agg. Knotgrass Polypodium vulgare Polypody Polystichum aculeatum Hard Shield-fern Polystichum setiferum Soft Shield Fern 2000 Populus 'Balsam Spire' P. balsamifera x trichocarpa Populus trichocarpa Western Balsam-poplar Potentilla anserina Silverweed Potentilla erecta Tormentil Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil Potentilla sterilis Barren Strawberry Primula farinosa Bird's-eye Primrose 1867 Primula veris Cowslip Primula vulgaris Primrose Primula x polyantha False Oxlip (P. veris x vulgaris) Prunella vulgaris Selfheal Prunus avium Wild Cherry Prunus cerasifera Cherry Plum Prunus domestica Wild Plum Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel Prunus padus Bird Cherry Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Puccinellia distans Reflexed Saltmarsh-grass Pulicaria dysenterica Common Fleabane Pyrola minor Common Wintergreen 1971 Pyrola rotundifolia Round-leaved Wintergreen 1979 Quercus petraea Sessile Oak Quercus robur Pedunculate Oak Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup Ranunculus auricomus Goldilocks Buttercup Ranunculus ficaria Lesser Celandine Ranunculus ficaria subsp. bulbilifer Lesser Celandine Ranunculus ficaria subsp. ficaria Lesser Celandine Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup Reseda lutea Wild Mignonette Reseda luteola Weld Rhinanthus minor Yellow-rattle Rhinanthus minor subsp. minor Yellow-rattle Rhododendron ponticum Rhododendron Ribes alpinum Mountain Currant Ribes rubrum Red Currant Ribes spicatum Downy Currant ? Ribes uva-crispa Gooseberry Robinia pseudoacacia False-acacia Rosa arvensis Field-rose Rosa canina Dog-rose Significant species are highlighted in green and have a most recent date.

Scientific name English name Most recent Rosa canina agg. Dog-rose Rosa mollis Soft Downy-rose Rosa mollis x pimpinellifolia Rosa x sabinii (f x m) Rosa obtusifolia Round-leaved Dog-rose Rosa pimpinellifolia Burnet Rose Rosa rugosa Japanese Rose Rosa tomentosa Harshy Downy-rose Rosa x sabinii Rosa mollis x pimpinellifolia caesius Dewberry Rubus cockburnianus White-stemmed Bramble Rubus dasyphyllus Bramble Rubus eboracensis Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble Rubus idaeus Raspberry Rubus parviflorus Thimbleberry Rubus saxatilis Stone Bramble 1998 Rubus x pseudoidaeus R. caesius x idaeus Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel Rumex acetosella Sheep's Sorrel Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock Rumex crispus Curled Dock Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock Sagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwort Salix aurita Eared Willow Salix caprea Goat Willow Salix cinerea Grey Willow Salix cinerea subsp. cinerea Grey Willow Salix fragilis Crack-willow Salix myrsinifolia Dark-leaved Willow 1970 Salix phylicifolia Tea-leaved Willow Salix repens Creeping Willow Salix x latifolia S. caprea x myrsinifolia Salix x sericans S. caprea x viminalis Salsola kali Saltwort Salsola kali subsp. kali Prickly Saltwort Sambucus nigra Elder Sambucus racemosa Red-berried Elder Samolus valerandi Brookweed Sanguisorba minor subsp. minor Salad Burnet Sanguisorba officinalis Great Burnet Sanicula europaea Sanicle Saponaria officinalis Soapwort Saxifraga hypnoides Mossy Saxifrage 1962 Saxifraga x urbium S. spathularis x umbrosa Scabiosa columbaria Small Scabious Scilla verna Spring Squill Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort Significant species are highlighted in green and have a most recent date.

Scientific name English name Most recent Scutellaria minor Lesser Skullcap 1972 Senecio erucifolius Hoary Ragwort Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort Senecio vulgaris Groundsel Serratula tinctoria Saw-wort 1990 Sesleria caerulea Blue Moor-grass 1998 Silene dioica Red Campion Silene latifolia White Campion Silene noctiflora Night-flowering Catchfly Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion Sinapis arvensis Charlock Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle Sorbus aria Common Whitebeam Sorbus aria Whitebeam Sorbus aucuparia Rowan Sorbus intermedia Whitebeam Sorbus rupicola Rock Whitebeam 1867 Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed Spiraea salicifolia Bridewort Stachys officinalis Betony Stachys palustris Marsh Woundwort Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort Stellaria media Common Chickweed Succisa pratensis Devil's-bit Scabious Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey Russian Comfrey (S. asperum x Symphytum x uplandicum officinale) Tamus communis Black Bryony Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew Tanacetum vulgare Tansy Taraxacum agg. Dandelion Taxus baccata Yew 2010 Tellima grandiflora Fringecups Teucrium scorodonia Wood Sage Thalictrum minus Lesser Meadow-rue Thymus polytrichus Wild Thyme Tilia cordata Small-leaved Lime 2010 Tilia platyphyllos Large-leaved Lime Tilia x europaea Lime Torilis japonica Upright Hedge-parsley Tragopogon pratensis Goat's-beard Significant species are highlighted in green and have a most recent date.

Scientific name English name Most recent Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoil Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover Trifolium medium Zigzag Clover Trifolium pratense Red Clover Trifolium repens White Clover Triglochin palustre Marsh Arrowgrass Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed Tripleurospermum maritimum sens. lat. Trollius europaeus Globeflower 1981 Tussilago farfara Colt's-foot Typha latifolia Bulrush Ulex europaeus Gorse Ulex minor Dwarf Gorse Ulmus glabra Wych Elm Ulmus procera English Elm Urtica dioica Common Nettle Valeriana dioica Marsh Valerian Valeriana officinalis Common Valerian Verbascum thapsus Great Mullein Veronica agrestis Green Field-speedwell Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwell Veronica beccabunga Brooklime Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell Veronica filiformis Slender Speedwell Veronica hederifolia Ivy-leaved Speedwell Veronica montana Wood Speedwell Veronica officinalis Heath Speedwell Veronica persica Common Field-speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell Viburnum opulus Guelder-rose Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch Vicia sativa subsp. nigra Narrow-leaved Vetch Vicia sativa subsp. segetalis Common Vetch Vicia sepium Bush Vetch Vinca minor Lesser Periwinkle Viola hirta Hairy Violet Viola reichenbachiana Early Dog-violet Viola riviniana Common Dog-violet

Small-leaved limes