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Chapter 27. Upper Snake Recovery Unit—Salmon River Basin Critical Habitat Unit

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Chapter 27. Upper Snake Recovery Unit—Salmon River Basin Critical Habitat Unit Bull Trout Final Critical Habitat Justification: Rationale for Why Habitat is Essential, and Documentation of Occupancy Chapter 27. Upper Snake Recovery Unit—Salmon River Basin Critical Habitat Unit 27.1. Little-Lower Salmon River Critical Habitat Subunit ................................................... 673 27.2. South Fork Salmon River Critical Habitat Subunit ...................................................... 679 27.3. Middle Salmon River–Chamberlain River Critical Habitat Subunit ........................... 701 27.4. Middle Fork Salmon River Critical Habitat Subunit ................................................... 715 27.5. Middle Salmon–Panther River Critical Habitat Subunit .............................................. 745 27.6. Lake Creek Critical Habitat Subunit ............................................................................ 759 27.7. Opal Lake Critical Habitat Subunit .............................................................................. 763 27.8. Lemhi River Critical Habitat Subunit .......................................................................... 767 27.9. Pahsimeroi River Critical Habitat Subunit ................................................................... 773 27.10. Upper Salmon River Critical Habitat Subunit .............................................................. 779 671 Bull Trout Final Critical Habitat Justification Chapter 27 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service September 2010 Chapter 27. Salmon River Basin Critical Habitat Unit The Salmon River Basin CHU is essential for maintaining bull trout distribution within this unique geographic region of the Upper Snake RU. This CHU extends from the Idaho–Montana border to the Oregon–Idaho border before entering the Snake River and represents the most northern and eastern extents of the Upper Snake RU. This CHU is the largest CHU of the Upper Snake RU and contains the largest populations of bull trout in this RU. It supports populations that express adfluvial, fluvial, and resident life history expression. Migratory life history expression is needed for the long-term conservation of the species; while some resident populations may also contain unique genes that promote persistence from specific threats. Large portions of this CHU occur within the Frank Church—River of No Return Wilderness, which implies that many CHSUs in the Salmon River basin have few threats compared to other areas in the Upper Snake RU. See Appendices 1 and 2 for more detailed information. The Salmon River basin extends across central Idaho from the Snake River to the Montana– Idaho border. The Salmon River Basin CHU extends across portions of Adams, Blaine, Custer, Idaho, Lemhi, Nez Perce, and Valley Counties in Idaho. This CHU contains 10 CHSUs: Little- Lower Salmon River, Opal Lake, Lake Creek, South Fork Salmon River, Middle Salmon– Panther River, Middle Fork Salmon River, Middle Salmon Chamberlain River, Upper Salmon River, Lemhi River, and Pahsimeroi River. The Salmon River Basin CHU includes 7,376.4 km (4,583.5 mi) of stream and 1,683.7 ha (4,160.6 ac) of lake and reservoir surface area designated as critical habitat. 27.1. Little-Lower Salmon River Critical Habitat Subunit This CHSU is essential to bull trout conservation because it is in the northwesternmost extent of the CHU and contains many individuals, a large amount of habitat, and few threats. This CHSU has fluvial life history forms that are important to the long-term recovery of the species. This CHSU provides access to the Snake River, which promotes the migratory life history form that is needed for the conservation of the species (see Appendix 1 for more detailed information). Located within Nez Perce, Lewis, Idaho, Adams, and Valley counties in west-central Idaho immediately southeast of the town of Riggins, Idaho, designated critical habitat includes 472.7 km (293.7 mi) of streams. The following water bodies are included in this CHSU (see Table 71): (A) Salmon River from its confluence with the Snake River upstream 167.6 km (104.1 mi) contains FMO habitat. (B) Slate Creek from its confluence with the Salmon River upstream 23.8 km (14.8 mi) to 0.7 km (0.4 mi) above its confluence with Little Slate Creek provides spawning and rearing habitat. (C) Little Slate Creek from its confluence with Slate Creek upstream 23.8 km (14.8 mi) to its headwaters provide spawning and rearing habitat. In addition, the following tributaries to Little Slate Creek also provide spawning and rearing habitat: Deadhorse Creek from its confluence with Little Slate Creek upstream 9.2 km (5.7 mi) to its headwaters; Rubie Creek from its confluence with Little Slate Creek upstream 6.4 km (4.0 mi) to its headwaters; Van Buren Creek from its confluence with Little Slate Creek upstream 8.5 km (5.3 mi) to its headwaters; Turnbull Creek from its confluence with Little Slate Creek upstream 4.9 km (3.0 mi) to its 673 Chapter 27 Bull Trout Final Critical Habitat Justification U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service September 2010 headwaters; Royal Creek from its confluence with Turnbull Creek upstream 3.1 km (1.9 mi) to its headwaters; Victor Creek from its confluence with Little Slate Creek upstream 3.9 km (2.4 mi) to its headwaters; and Burn Creek from its confluence with Little Slate Creek upstream 1.7 km (1.0 mi) to its headwaters. (D) John Day Creek from its confluence with the Salmon River upstream 13.9 km (8.6 mi) to its headwaters; East Fork John Day Creek from its confluence with John Day Creek upstream 6.5 km (4.0 mi) to its headwaters; and South Fork John Day from its confluence with John Day Creek upstream 2.3 km (1.4 mi) to a barrier provide spawning and rearing habitat. (E) Little Salmon River from its confluence with the Salmon River upstream 31.1 km (19.3 mi) contains FMO habitat. (F) Rapid River from its confluence with the Little Salmon River upstream 36.4 km (22.6 mi) to its headwaters provides spawning and rearing habitat. West Fork Rapid River from its confluence with Rapid River upstream 16.6 km (10.3 mi) to its headwaters contains FMO habitat. Lake Fork Rapid River from its confluence with Rapid River upstream 6.9 km (4.3 mi) to its headwaters and Granite Fork Lake Fork Rapid River from its confluence with Lake Fork Rapid River upstream 5.0 km (3.1 mi) to its headwaters provide spawning and rearing habitat. (G) Boulder Creek from its confluence with the Little Salmon River upstream 30.0 km (18.6 mi) to its headwaters and Yellow Jacket Creek from its confluence with Boulder Creek upstream 2.9 km (1.8 mi) to its headwaters provide spawning and rearing habitat. (H) Hazard Creek from its confluence with the Little Salmon River upstream 4.8 km (3.0 mi) and Hard Creek from its confluence with Hazard Creek upstream 8.1 km (5.0 mi) to its confluence with Brown Creek provide spawning and rearing habitat. (I) Lake Creek from its confluence with the Salmon River upstream 13.9 km (8.7 mi) to its headwaters provides spawning and rearing habitat. (J) Partridge Creek from its confluence with the Salmon River upstream 18.6 km (11.6 mi) to its headwaters provides spawning and rearing habitat. (K) Elkhorn Creek from its confluence with the Salmon River upstream 17.7 km (11.0 mi) to its headwaters provides spawning and rearing habitat. (L) French Creek from its confluence with the Salmon River upstream 6.7 km (4.2 mi) to its headwaters provides spawning and rearing habitat 674 Bull Trout Final Critical Habitat Justification Chapter 27 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service September 2010 Table 71. Water body segments designated as critical habitat for bull trout, including documentation of occupancy and site- specific rationale in the Salmon River Basin–Little-Lower Salmon River CHU/CHSU CHU—CHSU Water Body State Information Documenting Bull Trout Occupancy Essential Habitat Rationale LLID Name Salmon River French Creek ID (BLM 2000a,b, pp. 33-35, 327, 327, 338, 340, and 341; Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1160300 Basin–Little- PNF 2010, pg. 44) justification text 454251 Lower Salmon River Salmon River Deadhorse ID (K. Munson, pers. comm. 2002) Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1160656 Basin–Little- Creek justification text 456130 Lower Salmon River Salmon River Little Slate ID (StreamNet 2009, pg. 8; K. Munson, pers. comm. 2002) Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1160664 Basin–Little- Creek justification text 456199.1 Lower Salmon River Salmon River Little Slate ID (StreamNet 2009, pg. 8; K. Munson, pers. comm. 2002) Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1160664 Basin–Little- Creek justification text 456199.2 Lower Salmon River Salmon River Rubie Creek ID (StreamNet 2009, pg. 8) Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1160776 Basin–Little- justification text 455458 Lower Salmon River Salmon River Van Buren ID (USFS 1999a, pg. 2-6, 2-7; StreamNet 2009, pg. 7) Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1160822 Basin–Little- Creek justification text 455325 Lower Salmon River Salmon River Tumbull Creek ID (StreamNet 2009, pg. 7) Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1160916 Basin–Little- justification text 455228 Lower Salmon River Salmon River Elkhorn Creek ID (BLM 2000b, IV-J-1) Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1160941 Basin–Little- justification text 454042 Lower Salmon River 675 Chapter 27 Bull Trout Final Critical Habitat Justification U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service September 2010 CHU—CHSU Water Body State Information Documenting Bull Trout Occupancy Essential Habitat Rationale LLID Name Salmon River Royal Creek ID (StreamNet 2009, pg. 8) Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1160974 Basin–Little- justification text 455254 Lower Salmon River Salmon River Victor Creek ID (StreamNet 2009, pg. 7) Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1160997 Basin–Little- justification text 455104 Lower Salmon River Salmon River Burn Creek ID (StreamNet 2009, pg. 8) Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1161040 Basin–Little- justification text 455001 Lower Salmon River Salmon River Partridge Creek ID (BLM 2000b, pg. II-21, IV-B-8, IV-I-3) Rationale provided in Salmon River Basin CHU 1161262 Basin–Little- justification text 454080 Lower Salmon River Salmon River Lake Creek ID (BLM 2000b, pg.
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