Regional Association I (Africa)

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA)

TWELFTH SESSION

ARUSHA, 14-23 OCTOBER 1998

ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT WITH RESOLUTIONS

WMO-No.891

ISBN 92-63-10891-9

NOTE

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. CONTENTS

Page

GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF THE SESSION

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION ...... 1

2; ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION...... 2 2.1 Consideration of the report on credentials...... 2 2.2 Adoption of the agenda...... 2 2.3 Establishment of committees ...... 2 2.4 Other organizational matters ...... ~...... 3

3. REPORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION...... 3

4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 3 4.1 Planning and implementation, including the report of the chairman of the working group...... 3 4.2 Observing system, including the Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme (IMOP) and reports of Rapporteurs on Instrument Development and Solar Radiation...... 4 4.3 Telecommunication system ...... 7 4.4 Data-processing system...... 11 4.5 Data management, including matters related to codes ...... 14 4.6 WMO satellite activities...... 14 4.7 WWW support activities, including the Operational Information Service (OIS) ...... 16 4.8 Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP), including the report of the chairman of the RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee (TCC) ...... 16

5. WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME (WCP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 17 5.1 WCP coordination and support activities, including the report of the chairman of the working group...... 17 5.2 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP)...... 18 5.3 World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP) ...... 20 5.4 Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) ...... 21 5.5 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Programme (WCIRP) ...... 22 5.6 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ...... 22 5.7 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)...... 22

6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (AREP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 23 6.1 Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)...... 23 6.2 Weather Prediction Research Programme...... 23 6.3 Tropical Meteorology Research Programme (TMRP) ...... 24 6.4 Programme on Physics and Chemistry of Clouds and Weather Modification Research...... 24

7. ApPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME (AMP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 25 7.1 Public Weather Service (PWS) Programme ...... 25 7.2 AMP, including the report of the chairman of the working group...... 26 7.3 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme, including the report of the rapporteur ...... 26 7.4 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities Programme (MMAOAP), including the reports of the rapporteurs ...... 27

8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMME (HWRP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS, INCLUDING THE REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE WORKING GROUP...... 29

9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME (ETRP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS, INCLUDING THE REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE WORKING GROUP...... 32

10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION (TCO) PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 35 IV ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

11. INFORMATION AND PuBLIC AFFAIRS (IPA) PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 37

12. LONG-TERM PLANNING - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 38

13. REGIONAL AND SUBREGIONAL OFFICES (AFRICA)...... 39

14. OTHER REGIONAL ACTIVITIES...... 40 14.1 Internal matters of the Association ...... 40 14.1.1 Subsidiary bodies of the Association ...... 40 14.1.2 Technological development having impacts on NMHSs ...... 40 14.1.3 Preparations for Thirteenth Congress...... 41 14.2 Implementation of the decisions of Twelfth Congress on the exchange of data and products ...... 41 14.3 Role and operation of NMHSs and statements on the development of NMSs...... 42 14.4 Regional and subregional institutions and other regional initiatives...... 42 14.5 Fifth Technical Conference on Management for the development of meteorological services in Africa ...... :..... 43 14.6 Follow-up activities related to UNCED, IPCC and activities of UN/FCCC and UNCCD relevant to NMHSs...... 43 14.7 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) ...... 44 14.8 Relationships with other international organizations...... 45

15. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS...... 45

16. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION AND OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS ...... 45

17. ELECTION OF OFFICERS ...... 0<...... 45

18. DATE AND PLACE OF THE THIRTEENTH SESSION ...... 45

19. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION...... 46

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION

Final Session No. No. 1 4.1/1 Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the World Weather Watch (WWW) in Region I ...... ,...... 47

2 4.2/1 Regional Basic Synoptic Network (RBSN) ...... 49

3 4.2/2 Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Instrument Development, Related Training and Capacity Building...... 58

4 4.2/3 Rapporteur on Solar Radiation...... 59

5 4.3/1 Implementation of Data Collection Platforms (DCPs) in Africa...... 59

6 4.8/1 Tropical Cyclone Committee (TCC) for the South-West Indian Ocean ...... :...... 60

7 5.4/1 Rapporteurs on the Implementation of Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) in RA I ...... 61

8 7.2/1 Rapporteurs on Agricultural Meteorology ...... 62

9 7.4/1 Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteorological Services ...... 62

10 7.4/2 Involvement in Operational Oceanography...... 63

11 8 Working Group on Hydrology ...... 63 CONTENTS V 12 9/1 Rapporteurs on Education and Training...... 65

13 12/1 Rapporteur on Long-term Planning...... 65

14 14.1.1/1 Advisory Working Group of the Regional Association for Africa...... 66

15 14.1.2/1 Technological development affecting NMHSs in RA I ...... 67

16 14.1.3 Appointment of the Secretary-General...... 67

17 14.6/1 Rapporteurs on Climate Change in RA I ...... 68

18 16/1 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the Association and of relevant resolutions of the Executive CounciL...... 69

ANNEXES

Vote of thanks and congratulations (paragraph 3.5 of the general summary) ...... 73

II Telecommunication systems for strengthening GTS implementation in Region I (paragraph 4.3.29 of the general summary) ...... 73

III Amendments to the Manual on the Global Telecommunication System, Volume II, Region I, Part I (paragraph 4.3.36 of the general summary) ...... 75

IV Regional and Subregional offices (Africa) (paragraph 13.3 of the general summary) ...... 77

V RA I awareness seminar on technological changes (Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, 13/10/98) (paragraph 14.1.2.1 of the general summary) ...... ;...... 77

VI Task Group on the Implementation of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) and related issues in RA I (paragraph 14.2.8 of the general summary) ...... 79

VII Fifth Technical Conference on Management for the development of Meteorological Services in Africa (paragraph 14.5.3 of the general summary)...... 79

APPENDICES

A. List of persons attending the session...... 84 B. Agenda ...... 86 C. List of documents ...... , ...... 89

GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF THE SESSION

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION (agenda item 1) Representative of the United Republic of Tanzania with 1.1 At the kind invitation of the Government of WMO, and his staff, for the excellent arrangements the United Republic of Tanzania, the Twelfth Session of made to ensure the success of the session. The Secretary Regional Association I (Africa) was held at the Arusha General also expressed his appreciation to Mr K. Konare, International Conference Centre, from 14 to 23 October president of the Association, and to Ms G. Ramothwa, 1998. The session was opened by His Excellency the the Vice-president, for their able leadership in the suc Vice-President of the United Republic of Tanzania, cessful implementation of the Association's programmes Honourable Dr Omar Ali Juma. during the intersessional period. He noted that a num 1.2 Mr M. S. Mhita, Director-General of the ber of global events had occurred and initiatives put in Directorate of Meteorology of the United Republic of place that were relevant to NMHSs and had a major Tanzania and Permanent Representative of the United influence on WMO Programmes. These included the Republic of Tanzania with WMO, welcomed the partici Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on pants. Environment and Development (UNCED), the Third 1.3 On behalf of the Members of the Association, Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Mr K. Konan~, President of RA I, expressed his sincere Framework Convention on Climate Change appreciation to the Government of the United Republic (UN/FCCC), Kyoto, Japan 1997. He said that WMO was of Tanzania for hosting the Session. He expressed appre assisting UN/FCCC in the preparation of a report on ciation for the excellent facilities put at the disposal of observing systems for consideration by the Conference the session and the warm welcome accorded the partici of the Parties (COP)-4 in Buenos Aires, Argentina in pants. In reviewing the activities of the Association since November 1998. Other global events in which WMO its last session in 1994, he observed that some progress was actively involved included the Intergovernmental had been achieved particularly in certain aspects of the Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Climate Agenda, World Weather Watch (WWW) and the regional compo and several others. The Secretary-General informed the nent of the World Hydrological Cycle Observing System participants of the establishment of the Climate (WHYCOS). The operations of the African Centre of Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) project, Meteorological Applications for Development (ACMAD) through which capacity-building initiatives for the had greatly improved with the launching of the Region have been organized. Demonstration Projects. He reported the establishment 1.5 It was decided that WMO would continue to of the WMO Subregional Office for Western Africa (1997) give high priority to the CLIPS project. Professor Obasi and the Subregional Office for Eastern and Southern presented the WMO initiatives and activities in the mit Africa (1998). He expressed the hope that Members igation of meteorological- and hydrological-related would utilize the services of the Subregional Offices. He disasters highlighting the 1997/98 El Nino event, which added that there was considerable progress yet to be negatively affected several countries in Africa. He made, however, before the gap between the African stressed the need for NMHSs to contribute to prepared national Meteorological and Hydrological Services ness against natural disasters and for social economic (NMHSs) and those of the developed countries could be developmentj hence the need for WWW systems to narrowed. One of the main reasons for this situation was, operate at an optimum level. He reported on the major he said, the economic crisis affecting the countries in the initiative of WHYCOS, which was being developed and Region and the various conflicts affecting some of the implemented by WMO in partnership with the World countries. He outlined the problem and stressed that it Bank, the European Commission and France. He was only through consultation that consensus in solving explained that the WMO Long-term Plan (LTP) consti the regional issues could be found. The president tuted a consolidated set of policies, objectives and launched a strong appeal to RA I Members to work strategies for the establishment of WMO's priorities. The together for the development of meteorology and views of RA I on the Plan would be an essential input. hydrology in the Region. He concluded by acknowledg He informed the Association of the planned pro ing the support he received in carrying out his duties as grammes and activities in RA I which included training president of RA I from the Secretary-General, Professor seminars on the "Year 2000 Problem", preparation of G. o. P. Obasij his staffj the vice-presidentj and the project proposals for the replacement of the current Members. satellite receiving equipment in order to receive prod 1.4 Professor Obasi expressed the Organization's ucts from European Organization for the Exploitation of deep gratitude to the Government of the United Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) series of meteoro Republic of Tanzania for the generous offer to host the logical geostationary satellites (METEOSAT) second session. He thanked Mr M. S. Mhita, Director-General of generation (MSG) satellitesj the deployment of the Directorate of Meteorology and Permanent Meteorological Data Distribution (MDD) systems, and 2 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I many national projects through the Voluntary The Association accepted the list as the first report on Cooperation Programme (VCP). He identified crucial credentials. In accordance with Regulation 22 of the issues in the Region that the twelfth session of the WMO General RegulatiOns, it was agreed not to establish Association could consider as it looked to the future. a Credentials Committee. These included enhancement of observations, telecom munications and data processing facilities; mobilization 2.2 ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA (agenda item 2.2) of additional resources; modernization and restructuring 2.2.1 The president proposed an additional item to of the services; and further development of human the provisional agenda as follows: resources. In concluding, the Secretary-General Item 14.1.3 - Preparation for the Thirteenth WMO expressed his gratitude to H.E. Dr Juma for honouring Congress (Cg-XIII). the session with his presence, and wished the partici 2.2.2 The Association adopted the agenda with this pants a most constructive and successful session. amendment and it is reproduced in Appendix B to this 1.6 H.E. Dr Juma welcomed the participants to report. the United Republic of Tanzania. He noted that holding the session in Arusha showed the confidence WMO had 2.3 ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMITTEES (agenda in his country and gave assurance that United Republic item 2.3) of Tanzania would continue to give high priority to the In accordance with Regulation 24 of the activities of WMO. The meeting was being held at a time WMO General Regulations, the Association established when the effects of the recent El Nino event were still the following committees for the duration of the vivid in people's minds. Many countries in Africa, session: including the United Republic of Tanzania, had suffered considerable economic and infrastructure damages. The NOMINATION COMMITTEE Meteorological Services did a commendable job in issu 2.3.1 The Association established a Nomination ing timely weather advisories and thereby assisting in Committee composed of the principal delegates of disaster preparedness. The Vice-President noted the Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, the involvement of WMO in Climate Change activities, Republic of Mauritius, the Kingdom of Morocco and the especially with IPCC. He noted that the impact of cli Republic of Zambia. Mr R. R. Vaghjee (Mauritius) was mate change was threatening our very existence and elected chairman of the Committee. challenged the session to produce viable recommenda 2.3.2 The Association established two working com tions to better understand climate. He said that the mittees, A and B, to examine the various agenda items as Association should ensure the coordination of meteo follows: rological activities within the Region and bring together (a) Working Committee A was assigned agenda items all relevant disGiplines and encourage regional technical 4.1,4.2,4.3,4.4,4.5,4.6,4.7,4.8,6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, cooperation. In this respect, the establishment of 7.1, 7.3, 7.4, 11, 14.7 and 14.8. Mr 1. Also (Niger) and Drought Monitoring Centres (DMCs) 'in Nairobi and Mr A. N'Diaye (Senegal) were elected co-chairmen. Harare and ACMAD in Niamey was a testimony to the (b) Working Committee B was assigned agenda items successful determination exhibited by professional and 5.1,5.2,5.3,5.4,5.5,5.6,5.7,7.2,8,9,10,14.4 and political leadership. In conclusion, he commended 14.6. Mr M. Mhita (United Republic of Tanzania) Professor Obasi for the efforts WMO had made and and Mr E. D. Dlamini (Swaziland) were elected co was continuing to make in assisting developing coun chairmen. tries, particularly in Africa, to carry out their (c) The Association elected Mr M. Abdalla (Sudan) as meteorological obligations. He noted that the United rapporteur on agenda item 16 - Review of previous Republic of Tanzania had benefitted from the VCP. He resolutions and recommendations of the further commended President Konare for his able lead Association and of relevant resolutions of the ership. He wished the twelfth session of RA I fruitful Executive Council. deliberations. (d) The other agenda items were examined by the 1.7 There were 75 participants at the session from Committee of the Whole. 41 Members of the Association, five participants repre senting four other Members of WMO, and seven COORDINATION COMMITTEE participants from other Regional and International 2.3.3 The Association established a Coordination Organizations. The list of participants, which also indi Committee composed of the president and the Vice-pres cate their official capacity at the session, is reproduced ident of the Association, the co-chairmen of the working in Appendix A to this report. committees and the representative of the Secretary General. 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION (agenda item 2) 2.3.4 The Association established a subcommittee 2.1 CONSIDERATION OF THE REPORT ON CREDENTIALS to examine the Fifth WMO Long-term Plan (5LTP). The (agenda item 2.1) subcommittee was composed of the principal delegates 2.1 At the first plenary meeting, the representa of Chad, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria and tive of the Secretary-General presented a list of Zimbabwe. Mr E. Mukolwe (Kenya) was elected chair participants whose credentials were found to be in order. man of the subcommittee. GENERAL SUMMARY 3

2.4 OrHER ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS (agenda plished through the Regional Implementation Coordi item 2.4) nation Meetings on the Global Telecommunication 2.4.1 The necessary arrangements concerning the System (GTS). The Association acknowledged the contri working hours and the allocation of agenda items to butions of the members of the working group and its plenary meetings, meetings of the Committee of the subgroups, especially those of the rapporteurs and coor Whole and to the working committees were agreed. dinators, to the activities of the working group. It noted 2.4.2 In accordance with the fiftieth session of the that the continuing challenges and changes in all com Executive Council (Geneva, June 1998), the session ponents of the WWW required the continuation of this agreed that no minutes of the plenary meeting should working group under similar general terms of reference. be prepared. Tape recordings of the plenaries would be However, to facilitate development and coordination of made and would be retained for record purposes. the Public Weather Services (PWS) Programme, it was However, delegations' statements could be minuted if felt that the regional aspects of this programme should requested. also be dealt with by the group. The specific terms of ref erence and composition of the working group are 3. REPORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION contained in Resolution 1 (XII-RA I) adopted by the (agenda item 3) Association. 3.1 The Association examined the report of the 4.1.2 The Association thanked Meteo-France and president and noted with satisfaction the progress made other donors for the provision of eqUipment and facili in the activities of the Association since its last session. ties, and expressed its appreciation for the contribution It expressed appreciation to the president for his initia to the region made by Mr A. Jenffer (Meteo-France) in the tives, dedication and contribution to the development installation of telecommunications and data of the Meteorological and Hydrological Services in the processing facilities at several national Meteorological Region. Services (NMSs) in the Region. Following a request for 3.2 The Association noted the actions taken by the session, France confirmed its commitment to con the president to implement its decisions and recom tinue support activities to the Region. France also mendations. In particular, it noted the actions taken by informed the Association that it was considering devel the president on its behalf since the eleventh session of oping other support programmes in the Region, the Association. including in particular maintenance of equipment and 3.3 The Association commended the president for facilities provided to Members and support in develop his effective representation of the Association at sessions ment and implementation of numerical weather of Congress, the Executive Council and other regional prediction (NWP) research in the Region. The and inter-regional meetings. Association requested other donors to continue and/or 3.4 The Association noted the results of the sur consider similar support activities to the Region. vey conducted by the Secretary-General concerning the 4.1.3 The Association noted that the Commission change of title of "Regional Association" in French and for Basic System (CBS) restructuring had led to the estab the guidelines given by the Executive Council at its fifti lishment of four Open Programme Area Groups (OPAG): eth session. In view of the very small number of replies Integrated Observing Systems (IOS); Information received from Members, the Association urged the Systems and Services (ISS); Data Processing and Executive Council to take the necessary action to ensure Forecasting Systems (DPFS); and PWS. CBS agreed on a better response to WMO questionnaires in the future. specific work plans for the OPAG which was task-oriented 3.5 The Association unanimously recognized the and would be the basis for creation of Expert Teams and priceless work carried out by its president and decided to Implementation Coordination Teams. The Task Team on pay him tribute with a vote of thanks and congratula Radio Frequencies was maintained and would come tions as given in Annex I to this report. under the responsibility of the OPAG on ISS.

4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) WORK PROGRAMME OF THE WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WORLD WEATHER WATCH item 4) (WWW) IN REGION I 4.1 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION, INCLUDING THE 4.1.4 The Association discussed and agreed on the REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE WORKING future work programme of the Working Group on GROUP (agenda item 4.1) Planning and Implementation of WWW in Region I. The 4.1.1 The Association noted with appreciation the following specific major tasks should receive priority: report of Mr E. A. Mukolwe (Kenya), chairman of the (a) Further design and monitoring of the implementa Working Group on Planning and Implementation of tion and operation of the regional basic synoptic WWW in RA I. The Association expressed deep gratitude network (RBSN); and appreciation to Mr Mukolwe for his outstanding (b) Review of the Regional Telecommunications exemplary service to the Association as chairman of the Networks and monitoring their implementation Working Group for the 12-year period 1986-1998. His and operation; report outlined the activities accomplished and carried (c) Monitoring the status of implementation and operation out by the core members of the group and work accom- of Regional Data-processing Centres, emerging centres, 4 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFl'H SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

and National MeteorolOgical Centres (NMCs), including and international funding agency protocols. The stations pilot projects on computerizationj were: (d) Further development of the regional data man Algeria - 60611 in Amenasj Angola - 66285 Luena, agement functions, including regional data 66390 Lubangoj Chad - 64753 Fayaj Cote d'Ivoire- representation and codesj and 65555 Bouakej Ghana - 65481 Tamalej Liberia - (e) Development of regional practices and monitoring 65660 Robettsfieldj Libya - 62124 Sebha, 62271 of implementation and operation of PWSs in the Kufraj Nigeria - 65046 Kano, 65202 Lagosj Region. Somalia - 63260 Mogadiscioj Sudan - 62760 The Association considered the status of implementa El Fasher, 62840 Malakalj Democratic Republic of tion activities under the relevant programme areas in Congo - 64040 Kisangani, 64210 Kinshasa/N'Djili, the following agenda items. 64235 Kanangaj Zambia 67475 Kasama. 4.2.4 It was noted that there were several contribut 4.2 OBSERVING SYSTEM, INCLUDING THE INSTRUMENTS ing factors to the lack of realization of the full AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION PROGRAMME operational capability of the above stations. Some of (IMOP) AND REPORTS OF THE RAPPORTEURS ON those cited included: INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SOLAR RADIATION (a) Lack of convertible currency for purchase of con (agenda item 4.2) sumables for which, as a possible temporary solution, purchases could have been made using REGIONAL OBSERVING SYSTEM local United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) hard currency resources in exchange for SURFACE-BASED SUBSYSTEM local currencyj (b) Governments not being well informed of the REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK (RBSN) importance of the relevant meteorological pro 4.2.1 The Association considered the RBSN and gramme and its social and economic impact on the noted that according to information provided by country, a problem the session suggested could be Members, the overall level of implementation of the sur addressed through WMO expert missions to such face observing programme ranged from 61 per cent at Members, providing advice and promoting ·aware 2100 UTC to 94 per cent at 1200 UTC, which was con neSSj and siderably better than two years previously. The statistics (c) High costs of equipment, spares and consumables, also indicated that 31 surface stations had not been for which the session suggested the possibility be established or otherwise were not operational. For upper explored of pooling Members' resources at subre air observations, it was noted that the overall level of gionallevels to obtain bargain prices. implementation ranged from 36 per cent at 0000 UTC to 4.2.5 The Association noted that during the previ 55 per cent at 1200 UTC for radiosonde, and from 39 per ous two years, WMO constituent bodies, Members and cent to 55 per cent for radiowind observations. the Secretariat had undertaken considerable efforts to 4.2.2 The Association also noted with regret that prevent a major loss of upper-air data due to the closure the annual monitoring in. October 1997 showed that on 30 September 1997 of the OMEGA radio-navigation only 45 per cent of surface RBSNs and 31 per cent of al system, on which 25 per cent of the global upper-air upper-air reports had reached the main telecommunica network and 48 per cent of the regional network in tion network (MTN). This indicated continued national Africa had been dependent. It also noted with apprecia telecommunications deficiencies in the Regionj in par tion that the Secretariat had provided the Members ticular national data collection in the concerned concerned with guidance material on possible alterna countri~s, notwithstanding significant improvement in tive systems for the replacement of the OMEGA-based implementation and upgrades of regional links. There upper-air equipment, and had requested potential also appeared to be problems of inadequate compliance donors to assist developing countries in replacing or with GTS procedures, for which it was suggested that in upgrading their upper-air stations in particular the sta addition to the organization of relevant roving seminars, tions which were included in the Global Climate specific fact-finding WMO missions to such members Observing System (GCOS) Upper-air Network (GUAN). might be necessary. 4.2.6 The Association noted with satisfaction that 4.2.3 The Association noted with concern that of the by the time of its twelfth. session, OMEGA-based 21 upper-air stations identified for prioiityassistance to equipment had been replaced by alternative systems at make them fully operational, only Kenya and Sudan had 30 of the 61 stations in Africa, with 16 upper-statiOns received some donor support, in particular regarding the planned to be replaced by the end of 1998. For the 15 replacement of OMEGA-based upper-air equipment by remaining stations, assistance from donor countries was Global Positioning System (GPS)-based systems (see para required. The session expressed its gratitude to donor graph 4.2.5). It recommended that Members operating the countries, in particular to the United Kingdom, for the following stations should take national measures, including assistance provided to developing countries in upgrading funding from national resources and/or inclusion of reha their upper-air stations. The Association confirmed that bilitation of the stations in national development plans highest priority for assistance should be given to the approved by treasury and funded by their national bilateral remaining stations located in Angola, Cameroon, Central GENERAL SUMMARY 5

African Republic, Guinea, Mozambique, Nigeria and the Upper-air observations: United Republic of Tanzania. The Rapporteur on (a) A homogeneous network of stations with a Regional Aspects of the Global Observing System (GOS) spatial resolution of about 500 km; was requested to monitor and keep the situation under (b) Stations already performing a complete review, and with the assistance of the Secretariat provide upper-air observing programme; Members concerned with technical advice on measures (c) Stations already contained in the existing to be taken to facilitate migration to other systems, and network; and keep the working group informed on future plans of RA I (d) New stations to be established or upgraded to Members on the issue. fill remaining gaps (these stations were rec ommended by World Meteorological Centres OTHER NETWORKS OF STATIONS (WMCs) and Regional Specialized Meteoro 4.2.7 The Association noted that there was little logical Centres (RSMCs) and for which change in the number of ships recruited in the Region support was required with high priority). under the voluntary observing ship (VOS) scheme. There 4.2.10 The Association noted the need for Regional was an increase of CLiMAT stations, with 365 of the 621 Meteorological Training Centres (RMTCs) to evolve in stations in the RBSN indicated as preparing reports, but their training programmes for observations, particularly only 43 per cent of these were actually received during in the use of computer-based training programmes. the 1997 October monitoring period. Members should also give consideration to the impor tance of training of trainers and technical staff and the AVAILABILITY OF AIRCRAFT REPORTS introduction of meteorological education in schools and 4.2.8 The Association noted that with regard to institutes. availability of reports from aircraft, South African 4.2.11 The Association noted that although efforts Airways was already eqUipped with two aircraft-to-satel were being made by countries to rationalize and lite data relay (ASDAR) units and two units were improve their observing networks, assistance was expected to be on Air Mauritius. Several airlines with required to bring the RBSN into full operation. It urged worldwide long-distance flights were equipped with Members to consider achieving this by ensuring that automated aircraft observing and reporting systems. network development was included as a priority project About 40 000 reports were being generated daily and in funded national development plans or in national or made available on the GTS through these systems. bilateral assistance protocols of donors or nationally approved international funding agency protocols as a REVIEW OF THE RBSN national priority area. 4.2.9 The Association reviewed the RBSN of surface 4.2.12 The Association noted with satisfaction that, tak and upper-air stations in RA I and prinCiples of RBSN ing into account the complex tasks that the Rapporteur on revision. It noted with appreciation the efforts of its GOS was expected to accomplish, and on the recommen working group in developing specific criteria used by the dation of the Working Group on Planning and rapporteur for the choice of a primary selected station to Implementation of the WWW in RA I, the WMO Secretariat be part of the improved network. The criteria used in provided him with personal computing facilities. decreasing order of importance were: 4.2.13 Following agreement on the criteria used and Surface observations: the presentation of the rapporteur's proposals, which (a) Isolated stations (bordering gap or in sparse included the current status of implementation and the area) and stations fitting in a homogeneous proposed future network so that expected improvements network with spatial resolution (Le. standing were clearly depicted, the Association adopted alone in their covered area) of 250 km; Resolution 2 (XII-RA I). In order to allow the Rapporteur (b) Stations that performed a complete observ to ensure better presentation for any revision of the ing programme along with an upper-air RBSN, including maps and graphs, the Association observing programme; requested the Secretariat to provide him with appropri (c) Stations in current network (operating or ate assistance, including software and relevant training. not) found within 25 km or less of the circle covered by stations in a or b; IMOP (d) Stations not in the current network but oper 4.2.14 The Association noted with interest the results ating within 25 km or less of a circle covered of the twelfth session of the Commission for Instruments by stations in a or b; and Methods of Observations (CIMO), held in Casablanca, (e) Capitals, main cities, airports and old sta Morocco in May 1998. It underlined the importance of the tions; and standardization of sensors and instruments used at sur (1) New stations (operating or silent) proposed face-based meteorological stations and noted with great by country or by the rapporteur among the appreciated that the sixth edition of the Guide to operating stations (not in the current RBSN) Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation to fill the gap area, and stations not in the (WMO-No. 8) was issued in French and English. This was current RBSN planned to be implemented in considered as a basis for the development of improved 1996 or 1997. national guidelines for improving observations. 6 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

4.2.15 The Association felt that the needs of NMHSs achieving the required high quality and reliability of in the field of instrumentation were numerous and that observations for various operational and research appli some additional efforts should be made to meet those cations. It was noted with appreciation that two training needs. It was felt that particular attention should be paid workshops for instrument speCialists (in English and to long-term stability, maintenance and repair and cali French) were held. All NMHSs were encouraged to train bration. Members were encouraged to develop and re-train their own staffs to the extent possible and capabilities for the maintenance of, and serVicing of, the to avail themselves of training facilities of other operationally used instruments, and to manufacture Members to meet any additional needs. Donors were suitable instruments using endogenous resources. In this invited to maintain strong support to training pro connection, the Association welcomed the appOintment grammes in instrumentation. by CIMO of a Rapporteur on Capacity Building, who was 4.2.22 The Association also stressed that more expected to develop appropriate gUidance for Members emphasis should be placed on technology transfer and to follow. exchange of experience between instrument users on 4.2.16 Members were urged to carry out inspections of the one hand, and manufacturers and instrument devel their networks of stations at frequent intervals to ensure opers on the other. The Association underscored in this the correct functioning and calibration of instruments regard the importance of technical conferences and the according to the procedures contained in the Guide. It was related exhibitions organized by WMO in collaboration noted that special attention should be given to the fre with CIMO as excellent means for fostering the quent calibration of operationally used barometers. exchange of experience between experts and the transfer 4.2.17 The Association confirmed the value of of technology to the developing countries. It especially regional instrument centres (RICs) for proper calibration appreciated that Morocco hosted in Casablanca, in May of instruments and for training. Noting with apprecia 1998, CIMO-XIC the Technical Conference on tion that four RICs were already operating within the Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Region, the Association invited these centres to offer Methods of Observation (TECO-98), and Technical their facilities, and encouraged Members to take advan Exhibition (METEOREX-98). tage of this service, especially for calibration of national 4.2.23 In noting that the gap between developing standard instruments. and developed countries related to the application of 4.2.18 The Association highlighted the importance instruments and equipment was still widening, the of enhancing human resources and also expressed Association felt that measures for capacity building, its appreciation for the two Regional Training Workshop especially in better using endogenous resources, should for Instrument Specialists of RA I held in Cairo, Egypt, be developed and supported by the rapporteur. In this 1995 (in English), and in Niamey, Niger, 1997 (in French). regard, the Association also underlined the important role of the four RICs within the Region. It urged the RICs REpORT OF THE RApPORTEUR ON REGIONAL ASPECTS OF to coordinate their activities and to inform Members INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT, RELATED TRAINING AND concerned about their services and plans according to CAPACITY BUILDING the terms of reference. 4.2.19 The Association noted with appreciation the 4.2.24 The Association felt that the needs of NMHSs report of Mr J. Odero (Kenya), Rapporteur on Regional in the field of instrumentation were numerous, and that Aspects of Instrument· Development, Related Training some additional efforts should be made to better meet and Capacity Building. The Association considered with these needs. Members were encouraged to make arrange interest and concern the results of the analysis of replies ments for continuously reviewing the performance of received to a questionnaire distributed and evaluated by the common instruments in use in the Region. It was the rapporteur. felt that particular attention should be paid to long-term 4.2.20 The Association considered that the instru stability, the need for and ease of maintenance and ments in use for measuring the basic variables mainly repair, the need for and frequency of calibration, and the met the requirements when operated under normal con development of cost-effective instruments suitable for ditions. However, it was noted with concern that within operation under extreme weather conditions. The the Region a great variety of different types of instru Association agreed that the work to study all these prob ments in operation increased the difficulties for their lems and to develop proposals on how to overcome proper operation, repair, maintenance and calibration, them should be continued by a Rapporteur on as well as for education and training of technicians. This Regional Aspects of Instrument Development, Related also complicated the work of the RICs in calibrating Training and Capacity Building, and adopted Resolution national standard instruments and in supporting train 3 (XII-RA I). ing of experts. In considering the lack of calibration of instruments, the Association urged Members and invit ed donors to place as a highest priority the provision of REpORT BY THE RApPORTEUR ON SOLAR· RADIATION basic calibration facilities so that they will become avail 4.2.25 The Association noted with appreciation the able at or accessible to all NMHSs. report of the Rapporteur on Solar Radiation, Mr D. M. 4.2.21 The Association underlined the great value of Ahmed (Egypt). The Association considered the results education and training of instrument operators for of the analysis of the Questionnaire on Radiation GENERAL SUMMARY 7

Instrumentation Operationally Applied in RA I and 4.3 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM (agenda item 4.3) noted with concern that only fifteen Members returned the completed questionnaire to the rapporteur. POINT-TO-POINT CIRCUITS 4.2.26 The Association noted that although some 4.3.1 The Association reviewed the status of imple national radiation networks had been partly improved, mentation of the GTS circuits in the Region. The other Members were not able to maintain the necessary Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network level of implementation, mainly due to economic con (RMTN) comprised 87 circuits and 65 had been straints and other factors. The Association therefore implemented. Of these 65 implemented circuits, there urged Members, where appropriate, to extend and mod were: ernize their national radiation network and to establish (a) Six circuits on the MTN. Five telephone-type cir National Radiation Centres (NRCs). It further invited cuits were operated at medium speed using the those Members that operated the five Regional X.25 protocol. One circuit operated at low speed Radiation Centres (RRCs) to offer their facilities for the (Cairo-New Delhi); calibration of national standard instruments and to pro (b) Ten interregional circuits, of which two were digital vide support in the training of personnel involved in at high speed (64 kbit/s) and two were telephone radiation measurements. type, at medium/high speed, with the X.25 4.2.27 The Association noted that some regional protocol. Six interregional circuits were operating at radiation standard instruments were verified against the speeds of 50 or 100 baud. It was noted that the World Radiation Reference at the Eighth International twelfth session of RA VI (Europe) endorsed the inclu Pyrheliometer Comparison (IPC-VIII) held at the World sion of the circuit Toulouse-Nairobi, Toulouse-Tunis Radiation Centre (WRC) Davos, Switzerland, in 1995. and Algiers-Madrid as GTS interregional circuits, The results of the IPC-VIII were published by the WRC and the deletion of the interregional circuit and distributed by WMO for application. It was wel Cairo-Damascus; comed that the Third Regional Pyrheliometer (c) Forty-nine main regional and regional circuits, Comparison (RPC) of RA I was carried out conjointly fourteen of which were telephone-type circuits, with the IPC-VIII and that some Members participated operating at medium speed, most of them using with their national standard instruments. The X.25 protocol, and one digital circuit. The remain Association considered the need to carry out these RPCs ing 32 were telegraphic circuits operating at speeds at five-yearly intervals for guaranteeing homogeneous of 50, 75 or 100 baud, including four high-frequen measurements. It noted that, besides their main aim to cy (HF) circuits. Two circuits were operated through calibrate national standard instruments, RPCs were also data collection platforms (DCPs). excellent for the exchange of experience between the The Association also noted the additional inter-regional radiation experts at a regional level and for the training circuits Pretoria-Washington, Nairobi-Toulouse and of participants in radiation measurements and calibra Algiers-Madrid and the additional regional satellite tion. The Association recommended that the fourth RPC based circuit Dakar-Antananarivo (lvato) implemented of RA I be carried out together with the forthcoming by the Agency for Air Safety in Africa and Madagascar IPC-IX planned to be organized in the year 2000. (ASECNA). 4.2.28 The Association noted with satisfaction that a 4.3.2 The Association noted with appreciation the number of Members sent their radiation data regularly significant improvement in the implementation of to the World Radiation Data Centre (WRDC), St. RMTN point-to-point circuits since the eleventh session Petersburg, Russian Federation, for publication. It of RA I (1994); several HF circuits had been replaced by encouraged all the other Members to also provide the leased satellite circuits, and several circuits had been WRDC with the nationally available radiation data upgraded. There were also firm plans for upgrading sev according to the agreed procedures. eral circuits in the near future. Several regional circuits, 4.2.29 In conclusion, the Association proposed that: in particular with Regional Telecommunication Hub (a) Members that did not yet operate a national radia- (RTH) Pretoria, were operating by using Public Data tion network should implement at least one Network services. The Association urged members still principal radiation station and one ordinary sta operating low speed telegraphic circuits (50, 75, 100 tion;and bauds) on the GTS to make every effort to upgrade them (b) Members that operated a radiation network should to telephone-type circuits using Transfer Control modernize their equipment by applying digital Protocol over the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). integrators, data loggers or strip chart recorders and have available or access to reliable radiometers for IMPLEMENTATION OF THE "REGIONAL LOOP" regular calibration. 4.3.3 The aim of this loop was to ensure a top 4.2.30 Noting the valuable work of the Rapporteur priority, fast exchange of meteorological information on Solar Radiation and the increased importance of solar between the RA I RTHs on the MTN, also including radiation data for various operational and research RTH Niamey, which supports the ACMAD Centre. applications, the Association agreed that work in this The status of implementation of the loop was as follows: field should be continued and adopted as Resolution 4 (a) Algiers-Dakar Satellite, 50 b/s, but currently not (XII-RA I). operational; 8 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

(b) Dakar-Niamey Satellite, 9 600 b/s, X.Z5; RAmo BROADCASTS (c) Niamey-Nairobi Exchange possible via RTH 4.3.7 Four RTHs (Nairobi, Dakar, Cairo and Pretoria) Toulouse; and RSMC/NMC La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (d) Nairobi-Cairo Satellite, 9 600 b/s, X.Z5; were operating radio facsimile and radio teletype (RTT) (e) Nairobi-Algiers 19 200 bls implemented using an broadcasts. The Association stressed the high recurrent X.Z5 logical channel via RTH operating costs arid limited efficiency of these radio Toulouse; and broadcasts. Tests and inquiries conducted by some RTHs (f) Algiers-Cairo Cable, 4800 b/s, X.Z5. had indicated a very limited use.

METEOSAT DCP AND MDD SYSTEMS SATELLITE-BASED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 4.3.4 The Association recalled that the elventh ses 4.3.8 France and Germany were operating satellite sion of RA I agreed on the integration of DCPs in the based distribution systems called RETIM and FAX-E RMTN as a complementary means for the national col respectively, which also covered the northern part of lection of observational data and for transmitting RA I. The services were provided via the European national bulletins from the NMC to the associated RTHs Telecommunication Satellites Organization (EUTELSAT) in Region I, in accordance with the organization and II satellite. The Satellite Distribution System (SADIS), principles of the GTS. It also agreed on the integration of which was one element of the International Civil the MDD in the RMTN in order to increase the avail Aviation Organization (lCAO) satellite-based distribu ability of data and processed information from tion system for the World Area Forecast System (WAFS) RTH/RSMC/WMCs. Thirty-four countries in Africa have covered the whole Region. Several RA I countries were or MDD equipment. The third MDDchannel started oper would be equipped with SADIS receiving stations and ating in the beginning of 1995 with uplink from RTH terminals. Toulouse, and this channel had considerably increased the overall broadcast capability of data and products for THE INTERNET Africa including, in particular, African products from, for 4.3.9 An increasing number of NMHSs were being example, ACMAD, RSMCs and the DMCs. The dissemi eqUipped with access to the Internet, which provided nation of DCP data via MDD, which simplified the considerable advantages in a wide range of activities, equipment requirements at many NMCs where direct including the working and coordination arrangements reception station (DRS) equipment was not specifically in the framework of regional WWW activities, CBS and . required, was operational. other WMO Programmes . 4.3.5 The Association noted that nearly all available regional DCP channels were regularly in use. EUMETSAT TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES was taking steps to optimize the use of channels, and to 4.3.10 The Association stressed that NMCs and RTHs remove all.DCPs from the system which were not should fully comply with the procedures as given in regularly reporting data. Some international channels the Manual on the Global Telecommunication System were also available for regional use by WMO (WMO-No. 386), in particular as regards the format of Programmes, and a large number of DCPs were GTS bulletins, in order to ensure that the messages were implemented (or plannedL in particular in the not rejected, and thus lost, by the automated computer framework of the Regional Training Centre for facilities at RTHs. The Association noted with apprecia Agrometeorology and Operational Hydrology and their tion that two training seminars, one in English and one Applications (AGRHYMET). and Southern African in French, on telecommunication techniques and proce Development Community (SAD C)-Hydrological Cycle dures in Africa, were held in 1997 to address this need. Observing System (HYCOS) programmes. The status of The Association invited Members to implement at their implementation of monitoring centre functions for NMCs efficient procedures for making available updates operational DCP /DRS at the regional level at RSMCs of reference telecommunication manuals and opera Nairobi and Dakar was noted. tional publications to all operational and technical telecommunications staff, and ensure strict adherence to RTHs AND NMCs their provisions. 4.3.6 The Association noted that all the RTHs in Region I had been automated. They were: Algiers, Cairo, TCP/IP Dakar, Nairobi, Niamey, Brazzaville, Pretoria and Lusaka. 4.3.11 The Association noted that CBS agreed that The following NMCs had been automated: the TCP/IP should replace X.Z5 for supporting GTS oper Antananarivo, Abidjan, Addis Ababa, Bamako, BangUi, ations in the future. The benefits of the transition to Casablanca, Cotonou, Dar-es-Salaam, Gaborone, TCP/IP, which included off-the-shelf support and appli N'Djamena, Douala, Entebbe, Lagos, Libreville, Lome, cations from vendors, equated to direct savings in Mbabane, Nouakchott, Ouagadougou, St. Denis and financial and human resource to Members by reduced Tunis. Several RTHs and NMCs were planning or already costs for communications eqUipment purchase and implementing new Message Switching Systems (MSSs) maintenance. The session emphasized that adopting and telecommunications facilities, including RTH Cairo, standard data-communication protocols and applica NMC Lagos and NMC Addis Ababa. tions for the GTS using technologies based on personal GENERAL SUMMARY 9 computers (PCs) and the TCP/IP stack of protocols was already experienced by many Members, in particular providing better opportunities for a sustainable modern developing countries, in meeting upper-air observation ization of many NMCs. reqUirements, any cost increase would have had a detri 4.3.12 The Association stressed in this regard that mental impact on meteorological operations. the sustainable success of a project for the automation of 4.3.16 The Association expressed its appreciation for NMCs depended upon the understanding of the staff the very active coordination role of the Secretariat, and concerned in computer and data-communications tech in particular the gUidance and background information niques. It urged the NMHSs, which planned the on WRC-97 issues, which was provided to Members. introduction of computer-based systems at their NMCs, Several Meteorological Services in the Region had fol to ensure adequate training of their relevant staff. lowed up the appeal to WMO Members to take up matters relevant to the preparation of World ROUTING CATALOGUES Radiocommunication Conferences with their national 4.3.13 An increasing number of RTHs were providing telecommunication administrations. The Association their routing catalogues on diskette, on their file trans emphasized the importance of continuing contacts fer protocol (FTP) server or via the WMO FTP server. between NMSs and their respective national telecommu Routing catalogues were important for ensuring the con nication administration to ensure adequate recognition sistent and efficient GTS data exchange, and for and consideration of the issue, and the support of informing NMCs of the bulletins available at RTHs. The national delegations at WRCs. It invited NMSs to keep Association noted with appreciation that RTHs in Cairo, the WMO Secretariat informed of the results of these Nairobi and Pretoria were providing their routing cata contacts. It particularly stressed the importance for the logues, and it invited all RTHs in the Region to Region of safeguarding and protecting radio-frequencies implement routing catalogues in compliance with the used for meteorological observations (radiosondes and procedures agreed upon by CBS. satellite instruments) and meteorological satellite receiv ing stations. TRANSMISSION PROGRAMMES 4.3.14 The Association stressed the importance of OBSERVATIONAL DATA EXCHANGE reviewing the transmission programmes of the RMTN 4.3.17 The Association noted the resumption of elements (point-to-point circuits, radio broadcasts and activities of RTH Brazzaville. The low availability of satellite-based systems) with a view to ensuring that observational data from the whole area of responSibility requirements of receiving centres and users were actual of RTH Brazzaville needed special attention in particular ly met, to the largest extent possible. It invited RTHs to for improving the links from Brazzaville to Kinshasa, regularly review the transmission programmes of point Brazzaville to Douala and Brazzaville to Sao Tome. It to-point circuits with their relevant associated NMCs. requested that a special monitoring exercise for this area be carried out with a view to accurately identifying defi RADIO-FREQUENCIES ciencies. It was felt that this special monitoring exercise 4.3.15 The Association noted that the 1997 World should involve the associated RTH on the MTN, RTH Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-97, Geneva, Dakar, and should be carried out within the Special MTN 1997) decided new regulatory provisions to meet most Monitoring periods, e.g. within the period 1 to 15 April frequency reqUirements for meteorological and Earth 1999. The Association urged all NMCs associated with exploration satellites, including space-borne remote RTH Brazzaville and all RTHs concerned to participate in sensing, and for wind profiler radars. It noted with great this special monitOring exercise. concern that, despite this favourable outcome of WRC-97, the threat to the radio-frequency bands NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION (radiosondes) allocated to Meteorological aids (Met-aids), NETWORKS (NMTNs) and also to Meteorological Satellites, would continue at 4.3.18 The Association recommended the use of pub least until the next World Radiocommunication lic telecommunication services and facilities for Conference (1999/2000). The development of new sys implementing and operating NMTNs where feasible and tems (Low-Earth Orbiting satellites - LEOs) of the MSS affordable. These services included leased circuits (ana was exerting pressure for new frequency allocations to logue and digital), very small aperture terminal (VSAT) MSS below 3 GHz. WRC-97 urged International stations and Public Data Network (PDN) and Public Telecommunications Union (ITU) Member countries and Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) services which offer requested ITU-R (Radiocommunication Sector of ITU), in many cases a cost-effective solution. The Association with the participation of WMO, to assess the current and invited the NMSs to express their requirements in this future spectrum requirements for Met-aids in the band respect to their national telecommunication authorities, 401-406 MHz, with a view to a possible removal out of with a view to being recognized as users and involved in the band 405-406 MHz. The Association stressed that a telecommunication development projects at national or reduction of bands allocated to Met-aids would need regional levels. more spectrum-efficient radiosondes (frequency stability, 4.3.19 The Association reaffirmed that DCPs via narrow-band) and would significantly increase the costs METEOSAT had the potential to dramatically improve of radiosondes. In view of the considerable difficulties national data collection, in particular in areas where the 10 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I public telecommunication infrastructure was not avail efficiency. Tests and inquiries conducted by RTHs Nairobi, able. The Association adopted Resolution 5 (XII-RA I) on Cairo and Pretoria had shown that there were very few the implementation of DCPs with a view to overcoming users of the HF broadcasts and these users could possibly deficiencies in national data collection and transmissions have received information by other means. Noting the between some NMCs and their associated RTHs. The satellite-based distribution systems covering the Region, Association made an appeal to donor countries to give in particular MDD, and the progress made in the imple due consideration to this resolution. The Association also mentation of RMTN circuits, the Association agreed that noted with appreciation that active coordination was the HF radiobroadcasts should be phased out over a peri being maintained between WMO and EUMETSAT to fur od of two years. A progressive phase-out could consist of ther improve DCP operation, and it invited the reducing the number of transmitting frequencies and Secretary-General to further pursue these activities. thus easing the burden on operating centres. The Association urged NMCs still relying on the reception of SATELLITE-BASED DATA-DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS HF broadcasts to implement more effective telecommuni 4.3.20 The Association reaffirmed the importance of cations means, including the point-to-point GTS circuits satellite-based data-distribution systems for the efficient and MDD receivers, which could be operational until dissemination of data products in Region I, which was 2003. The Association felt that centres operating HF completely covered by several satellite distribution sys broadcasts should also identify the remaining users and tems. These systems included MDDi the International inform them of the planned discontinuation, including Satellite Communication System (lSCS) (Atlantic) oper through notices inserted in the broadcast. ated by the United Statesi SADISi and a planned WWW data programme to be carried on the United Kingdom INTERREGIONAL CIRCUITS Satellite Facility (UKSF), which shares a common infra 4.3.24 The Association recommended the inclusion structure with SADIS. The northern part of Africa was of the circuit Pretoria-Washington (pending the also covered by RETIM, operated by France, and FAX-E endorsement by RA IV) and of the circuit operated by Germany. Niamey-Toulouse, including for the support of ACMAD, 4.3.21 The Association noted that with regard to Nairobi-Toulouse and Algiers'--Madrid (pending the MDD, EUMETSAT had established the Scientific endorsement by RA VI) as interregional circuits, noting Technical Grove (STG) operations Working Group for the importance of the circuits, which were already oper the consideration of the transmission programmes of ational, for interregional data exchange. It also MDD. The membership of the group included one rep confirmed that the interregional circuit Cairo-Damascus resentative of the Working Group on Public Weather was deleted from the GTS plan, as endorsed by the and Operational Information (WG-PWOI) for RA I, and twelfth session of RA VI. one from WMO. The Association was pleased to note that there had been regular discussions of MDD prod CIRCUITS OF THE LOOP ucts required by NMSs and RSMCs in RA I. 4.3.25 The Association expressed its appreciation to 4.3.22 With regard to MDD, DCP and DRS services RTHs Algiers, Cairo, Nairobi and Niamey for the upgrade and the image dissemination (High-Resolution Images of RTH facilities, and the circuits Nairobi-'Cairo and (HRI) and and weather facsimile (WEFAX», they were cur Algiers-Cairo, which were part of the loop. It also agreed rently provided by METEOSAT-7. In the framework of the that the independent X.25 logical channels (Virtual cir EUMETSAT programme for MSG, the current WEFAX, cuits) via RTH Toulouse offered a very cost-effective MDD, DRS and HRI transmissions were to be replaced by means for implementing several circuits of the loop. In the fully digital Low Rate Information Transmission this connection, the Association expressed its gratitude (LRIT) and High Rate Information Transmission (HRIT) to Meteo-France for providing its facilities for the meteor with an overlap period of three years from 2001 to 2003. ological data exchange in Africa. It was deemed essential that MDD and DRS receiving equipment at NMCs and RTHs be replaced in due time OTHER REGIONAL CIRCUITS (Le. before 2003) by LRIT or HRIT receiving eqUipment, 4.3.26 The Association agreed upon the following including appropriate interfaces to the WWW centres changes to the RMTN plan: facilities. The Association urged all Members to prepare (a) Inclusion of the circuits Dakar-Antananarivo (Ivato), the transfer of their operations to MSG receiving systems already implemented, and of Cotonou-Lagosi and in due time before the termination of current METEOSAT (b) Deletion of the circuit Lome-Abidjan. operations. The Association was informed that EUMET The Association also agreed that NMC Asmara (Eritrea) SAT planned to provide early next year the technical be associated with RTH Nairobi, and it invited the two specifications of LRIT and HRIT systems. It invited Members concerned to study the most appropriate EUMETSAT to provide this information as soon as possi telecommunication means and arrangements for sup ble to facilitate the necessary planning. porting the required exchange of information. 4.3.27 The Association noted with concern that the RADIO BROADCASTS main RTH circuits Algiers-Dakar, Algiers-Niamey and 4.3.23 The Association emphasized the high operat Lusaka-Pretoria were not operational. Efforts towards ing costs of HF radio broadcasts and their limited upgrading the Dakar-Algiers circuit were noted. It invited GENERAL SUMMARY 11 the Members concerned to take the necessary actions for 4.3.32 The Association stressed the need for ade identifying and overcoming the current technical quate coordination between civil aviation and deficiencies, as appropriate, and/or for implementing the meteorological services, in particular for non-ASECNA circuits. countries participating in the SATCOM network. The 4.3.28 The Association invited NMCs and RTHs to Association requested the Secretary-General to arrange, make all efforts possible to implement or upgrade their in coordination with the Director General of ASECNA, circuits between NMCs and their associated RTHs, with for a special implementation coordination meeting on a view to a reliable and sustainable operation. It recom SATCOM for the GTS in Region I, to be held in the first mended that RTHs concerned organize short missions of quarter of 1999. The meeting was to involve ASECNA, the head of the RTHs, with the assistance of WMO, and experts from both civil aviation and meteorological when appropriate, to assess the situation at NMCs that services of concerned non-ASECNA countries. The meet were not yet properly connected to their RTH, and ing was also to assess all the administrative and devise possible remedial action. technical arrangements reqUired for taking the full ben efit from SATCOM for upgrading the RMTN. The FUTURE RMTN DEVELOPMENT Association noted that the non-ASECNA countries con 4.3.29 The Association noted with appreciation that cerned induded Algeria, the Democratic Republic of an Expert Meeting on Specific Telecommunications Congo, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ghana, Liberia, Systems for Strengthening GTS Implementation Nigeria, Sierra Leone and pOSSibly Kenya. (Geneva, 4 to 7 May 1998) advised on the most appro priate telecommunication systems and services for SADC TELECOMMUNICATION PLANS strengthening the regional and national GTS implemen 4.3.33 The Association noted that a satellite-based tation, in particular in Region I. The guidance telecommunication network was planned for civil avia information was reviewed by the Implementation tion communications between SADC countries, and that Coordination Meeting on the GTS in Region I (Nairobi, a study was being carried out to assess whether the sys 1 to 4 September 1998), and is included in Annex II. In tem had the capacity to support GTS traffic as well. It this regard, the Association particularly noted the poten was also informed that, if this civil aviation network tial capabilities of: could not support GTS traffic, it was planned to develop (a) The ASECNA VSAT network, called SATCOM and a VSAT network for the implementation of the part of covering the western and Central African area, the RMTN interconnecting NMSs from SADC countries which included the capacity to support upgraded with RTH Pretoria. The Association recommended that GTS linksi these projects receive the fullest possible support with a (b) The plan to upgrade meteorological telecommuni view to a rapid upgrade of the RMTN in the southern cation circuits for SADC countriesi part of Africa. (c) METEOSAT communication services LRIT and HRIT available from 2001 (replacing the current WEFAX, AUTOMATION OF NMCs MDD, DRS and HRI)i and 4.3.34 The Association urged Members to upgrade (d) The potential use of the WWW data available on their NMC GTS facilities by implementing automation, the United Kingdom Satellite Facilities supporting using at least the minimum PC-based configuration SADISi facilities, which permitted the reception of data and products from WWW centres and transmission of SATCOM NETWORK national data on the GTS. 4.3.30 The Association noted with appreciation that ASECNA was implementing SATCOM, extended to the TRAINING Western and Central African area and also including 4.3.35 The Association emphasized the need to Madagascar, which provided for voice and data commu organize yearly training seminars on data communica nications for civil aviation programmes. The Association tion procedures for operators/technicians of the RTHs' was informed that SATCOM had the additional capacity automated NMCs. to support upgraded GTS links, and the support to the GTS traffic was being implemented for the ASECNA MANUAL ON THE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM Member countries. It expressed its appreciation and grat 4.3.36 The Association adopted amendments to the itude to ASECNA for its fruitful cooperation in WWW Manual on the Global Telecommunication System, implementation and operations. Volume II, Region I, Part I (WMO-No. 386) as indicated 4.3.31 The Association agreed that SATCOM was pro in paragraphs 4.3.14 and and 4.3.17 as presented in viding a unique opportunity for upgrading the RMTN in Annex III. the Western and Central African area, as well as Madagascar. It recommended that the SATCOM facilities 4.4 DATA-PROCESSING SYSTEM (agenda item 4.4) be used for the upgrade of the RMTN, not only for ASEC NA countries, as they were already being implemented, IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF RSMCs but also for other RA I Members who could benefit from 4.4.1 The Association noted that the forecast sys SATCOM services. tem in RSMC Pretoria was based on a global model 12 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFfH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

.. T62L28 obtained from the National Center for that ACMAD and DMC products made available to users Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in Washington and included ten-day weather advisories; monthly drought operational in Pretoria since February 1996, providing monitoring bulletins for the subregion, covering the two medium-range five-day forecasts per day and a climatological summary, agrometeorological conditions sixteen-member ensemble of global fourteen-day and their impacts on agricultural activities and extended forecasts once a week. It was also providing water resources; monthly weather outlook; and three short-range forecasts from the regional Limited Area monthly actual meteorological data and seasonal weath Weather Prediction Model (ETA) coordinate NWP model er and climate forecast bulletins. The major beneficiaries with horizontal resolution of 48 km and 38 vertical lev of DMC services and products were NMSs, farmers, plan els, run on Cray J916 facilities. ners, decision makers and relevant regional and 4.4.2 The Association noted that the operational international institutions. The Association noted with RSMCs in Algiers, Cairo, Dakar and Nairobi had basic satisfaction that ACMAD, with the assistance of NCEP, computing infrastructure, mainly covering communica implemented the workstation version of the NCEP RSM tions aspects, but data-processing aspects needed to be in June 1998. enhanced so that they could deliver the RSMC functions 4.4.7 With regard to future perspective, it was noted and meet the level required. RSMC Nairobi successfully that there was a real potential to transform ACMAD and implemented, and ran with very successful results in the DMCs into centres of excellence in climate analysis April 1997 on SGI Indy workstation, the NCEP Regional and prediction, with particular emphasis on the Spectral Model (RSM). The model horizontal resolution extremes across the Region. This would be achieved by was 50 km with vertical resolution of 28 sigma levels, for upgrading computer facilities and developing regional a domain covering Eastern parts of Central Africa and expertise in climate diagnosiS and prediction. The cen Eastern Africa for a forecast range of 48 hours. The tres would then have the capability to: boundary condition was obtained in real-time from the (a) Receive, analyze, and achieve global atmospheric NCEP Global model through the Internet. and oceanic data to improve the scope and accura 4.4.3 It was noted that the Global Data-processing cy of the forecasts; System (GDPS) centre in Casablanca had upgraded its (b) Undertake climate prediction research with a view computer system with a Cray J916 and Cray CS6400, to developing objective operational medium- and and the centre was operating a high-resolution limited long-range weather forecasting techniques; area model, and was in the process of implementing a (c) Accelerate applied research focused on climate pre global model. The GDPS centre in Tunis had imple dictability on seasonal to interannual time scales in mented operational regional NWP models with order to systematically produce useful climate fore resolution of 0.5 X 0.5 degrees and 32 vertical levels, casts on regional scale for months to years; based on the NMC Washington ETA forecast model. (d) Conduct systematic experimental forecasts of such These were running on a UNIX-based high performance climate variability and provide these to the appro workstation computing and visualization facilities. priate agencies in participating countries; (e) Assist participating countries in using these experi ACTIVITY SPECIALIZATION mental forecasts effectively to meet their particular 4.4.4 The La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre, via social and economic needs; and a 64 kb/s TCP/IP link with Toulouse,-had access to all the (f) Shape and augment these forecasts by incorporat analysed and forecast fields of the French global models ing additional phYSical, agricultural, economic and (ARPEGE) and of the European Centre for Medium other appropriate data, to the explicit socio-eco Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and provided nomic benefit of the Region. cyclone monitoring, warnings, and prediction services 4.4.8 The Association invited Regional Centres with to the South-west Indian Ocean subregion. The facilities and human reSources to take up the challenge Association noted with pleasure the creation of a high for development, adaptation and maintenance of soft level research and development team, in the cyclone ware to be used at associatedNMCs to assure their field, as part of the future focus of the RSMC. sustainability. It was decided that they should indicate 4.4.5 With regard to activity specialization in trans to NMCs and the WMO Software Registry the availabili port model products for environmental emergency ty of such software as soon as it was available. response, the Association noted that since no regional Appropriate Regional GDPS Centres were also invited to centre had offered this service, this activity was covered consider establishing Training Desks to train staff in use under global arrangement by the RSMCs designated for of modest real-time computing facilities. RA VI, RSMCs Bracknell and Toulouse. NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTRES EMERGING CENTRES 4.4.9 The Association noted with satisfaction that 4.4.6 The emerging Activity Specialization Centres, the pilot project on computerization of basic NMC func ACMAD and the two DMCs located respectively in tions using Analyzing, Forecasting and Data Processing Niamey, Nairobi and Harare, further developed their Operational System (AFDOS) software offered by China capabilities functions and provision of valuable services had been successfully implemented and was operational to the Region. The Association noted with satisfaction in NMC Lagos. The AFDOS system had also been offered GENERAL SUMMARY 13 by China for computerization of NMC real-time GDPS could contribute in generation and use of envi functions in NMC Dar-es-Salaam. The Association noted ronmental quality monitoring and prediction products. that several NMCs were equipped with MDD/SADIS sys tems, and were also building their Internet capabilities SUPPORT FOR UNITED NATIONS HUMANITARIAN MISSIONS with a view to having access to long-range forecast prod 4.4.16 The Association noted and endorsed proce ucts up to multi-season scale offered by some major dures being developed by CBS which involved GDPS centres at their Web sites. establishing and maintaining up-to-date NMC opera 4.4.10 The Association noted that efforts had been tional contact points for assistance in United Nations made by GDPS centres in the strengthening of basic humanitarian missions. Information to be provided computer infrastructure for data-processing and imple included seventy-two-hour public weather forecasts, mentation of forecasting systems by integrating severe weather advisories and long-range outlook, and numerical weather predictions and related quality con possibly climate information for specified areas or loca trol of data and products. Considerable efforts had also tions in support of humanitarian missions. The RSMCs been made in developing human resources. with geographic specialization provided back-up servic 4.4.11 The Association noted with satisfaction that es. The Association endorsed the assigned zones of the forty-ninth session of the Executive Council responsibility of RSMCs with geographic speCialization (Geneva, June 1997) approved Recommendation 5 for this purpose. Members and Centres which had not (CBS-XI) for the designation of Pretoria as an RSMC with yet done so were urged to deSignate contact pOints to geographical specialization in central and southern facilitate the success of the programme. Africa, to take effect 1 July 1997. 4.4.12 The Association was informed of products NATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR PROVISION OF available in GRIB format from RSMC Pretoria's current ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE (EER) SERVICES ETA-coordinated regional model, and noted with satis 4.4.17 The Association, noting the current regional faction that the regional model products available and global arrangements for the provision of transport operationally were as follows, covering the domain 90 S model products for environmental emergency response to 48°S, 13°W to 53°E: and related activities, urged NMSs in the Region to (a) Temperature, u, v wind components, specific develop links with national civil defence agencies and humidity and vertical velocity from 1 000 hPa to other national agencies. This included corresponding 100 hPa for every 50 hPa; International Atomic Engery Agency (IAEA) state official (b) Mean sea-level (MSL) Pressure, twelve-hour accumu contact points to facilitate appropriate interpretation lated precipitation and twelve-hour convective and use of RSMC transport model products as guidance precipitation; and in the provision of NMSs in response to radiological and (c) Instability, wet-bulb potential temperatures, other environmental emergencies. 850 hPa temperature differences. 4.4.18 The Association noted CBS-Ext.(98) discus 4.4.13 The Association was informed of products sion on response to chemical incidents and invited from the RSMC Pretoria Global Model, whose runs Members to keep abreast of and consider implementa included an assimilation cycle with analysis every six tion issues concerning chemical incidents, the role of hours; four to six hours after main synoptic hours; five NMSs, taking into account CBS guidance on develop day medium-range forecasts twice per day; and a ment of interface between NMSs and other emergency sixteen-member ensemble of global fourteen-day response agencies. It also invited subregional entities to extended forecasts once per week. It was noted that the address interfaces among NMSs. products available operationally in GRIB format were: (a) Gridded (GRIB) sea-level pressure, height, tempera- REGIONAL MODELLING SYSTEMS ture, u, v wind components, relative humidity, 4.4.19 The Association was informed that worksta vertical velocity, convective and large-scale rainfall tion versions of Regional Modelling Systems were twice per day up to 120 hours; and available and that certain NWP models could be run (b) Graphical products. operationally on small inexpensive workstations in 4.4.14 The Association endorsed the recommenda order to provide numerical forecasts for a limited area. tion of its working group that the RSMC Pretoria The numerical guidance would be of suitable quality for regional model and selection of global model products some of the requirements of national centre services. covering the African region be included in MDD/WEFAX In addition, it was noted that developing regional cen dissemination. tres getting started in NWP activities may resort to 4.4.15 The Association noted CBS-Ext.(98) recom modest facilities such as high-end workstations for this mended approaches to the provision of model output purpose. products as forecast gUidance on occurrence of severe weather, and invited RSMCs in cooperation with associ CAPABILITIES OF POTENTIAL RSMCs FOR PROVISION OF ated NMSs to elaborate on procedures for their TRANSPORT MODEL PRODUCTS implementation in the Region. The Association also 4.4.20 The Association encouraged NMCs/RSMCs invited its working group on WWW to study as request with transport model capability to seek designation as ed by CBS-Ext.(98) requirements on areas where the RSMCs for this activity specialization. 14 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

4.5 DATA MANAGEMENT INCLUDING MATTERS re-evaluated in light of possible specific indicators and RELATED TO CODES (agenda item 4.5) issues that were captured in the questionnaire circulated by the rapporteur. These included, in particular, facili- INTERNET CONNECTIVITY . tating Members' efforts in software development and 4.5.1 The Association noted that in a 1995 survey use of CBS mechanisms for information exchange, gUid on climate data management in developing countries, ing and assisting Members in addressing the Year 2000 about 30 per cent of respondent NMSs in Africa indi compliance issue, as well as addressing training needs in cated that they already had e-mail services, although specific data management areas. only about 16 per cent had full Internet connectivity ranging from dial-up access to full online availability. REGIONAL CODES About 35 per cent had expected to hook on to the 4.5.7 The Association reviewed the work of the Internet in the following three years. The Association Rapporteur on Codes in light of the development of the urged Members to forge cooperation among themselves new table-driven flexible character code CREX and the in this activity and implement Internet services as soon dissemination of information through MDD, SADIS as possible. It invited Members to take into account and direct links into Workstations of GRIB fields. It was gUidelines developed by CBS-Ext.(98) on Internet con noted that CREX would be a good means of exchanging nectivity aspects. new types of data on environmental monitoring, includ ing ozone data, to avoid a proliferation of character DATA MANAGEMENT FACILITIES AND ACTITIVITIES RELATED codes. TO TRAINING 4.5.8 The Association considered the training 4.5.2 The Association noted from survey results requirements for successful implementation of current that most Members were not using automated systems exchange formats, data representation and codes. The for Data Management/Processing activities but that MDD broadcast, the future potential use of SADIS, some had plans to do so in the next few years. The emerging use of FTP transmission on some RA I GTS Association emphasized the need for training in data links, and gradual implementation of the Internet serv management in selected areas, including quality con ices would bring a growing number of important trol, digital archiving and data assimilation. meteorological products to the Region that were repre 4.5.3 The Association, on the basis of results of the sented in binary formats, notably GRIB. It agreed that it data quality monitoring in the Region, agreed that there was an urgent requirement to introduce the concept of was a need for training in at least the basic quality con bit-oriented formats and character-based, table-driven trol procedures for specific elements. With significant formats to the entire meteorological community in RA 1. deployments of DCP and MDD systems in RA I, the ses The Association therefore urged the WMO Secretariat to sion recommended that, to assure a reasonable organize, as soon as feasible, suitable training, such as sustainability, a deliberate focused thrust be made to roving seminars, seminars and computer-assisted learn train core operational personnel in the use of these ing (CAL) programmes. technologies. This could be achieved through post-expe rience group training at an NMC with experienced 4.6 WMO SATELLITE ACTIVITIES (agenda item 4.6) resource staff and/or staff exchange programmes between NMCs. SPACE-BASED SUBSYSTEM 4.5.4 The Association was pleased to note that two 4.6.1 The Association noted that geostationary regional training seminars in WWW and WAFS data satellite coverage had been provided by EUMETSAT and management (one in French and one in English) were to the Russian Federation. METEOSAT-7 was operational be held in the Region within a few weeks of the session. and METEOSAT-6 was on standby. The Russian 4.5.5 The Association noted with appreciation the Federation geostationary operational meteorological commendable Year 2000 computer sensitization initia satellite (GOMS)-N1 became operational, and was tives undertaken by the WMO Secretariat, which located over the Indian Ocean at 76° east longitude, included publication of information on the WMO Web although members of the working group could not Site and organization of training seminars and other confirm reception of the data with its WEFAX service on meetings. Other authoritative sources of information 1 June 1996. included computer and telecommunication magazines 4.6.2 The Association noted that polar-orbiting and some Members' computer. and telecommunication satellite coverage was provided by the Russian suppliers. Since this session was barely fourteen months Federation, with its METEOR-2 and METEOR-3; and the before the millennium rollover, it was agreed that it was United States television infra-red observation satellite crucially important that Members check their systems (TIROS) series - National Oceanic and Atmospheric for Year 2000 compliance and initiate compliance Administration (NOAA)-12 operational morning satel actions to ensure continuity of operations. lite and NOAA-14 operational afternoon satellite. However, starting in 2003, EUMETSAT's Meteorological FUTURE WORK PROGRAMME Operational Satellite (METOP) would fly in a sun-syn 4.5.6 The Association agreed that the future work chronous orbit taking over the morning orbit previously programme in regional aspects of Data Management be provided by the United States. The United States would GENERAL SUMMARY 15 continue to provide a sun-synchronous satellite in the METEOSAT GROUND SEGMENT afternoon orbit. The concept of the METOP mission had 4.6.8 It was noted that the METEOSAT ground seg been refined in cooperation with the European Space ment was comprised of a primary ground station in Agency (ESA), and in close relationship with NOAA/ Fucino, Italy; a backup ground station in Germany; and National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information a mission control centre made up of a core facility, user Services (NESDIS), as the European Polar System (EPS) station display facility, meteorolOgical products extrac Programme was expected to be the European compo tion facility and a meteorological archive and retrieval nent of a coherent Joint Polar System with the United facility, all located at EUMETSAT headquarters in

States /I converged" programmes of polar orbiting envi Darmstadt, Germany. ronmental satellites. The EUMETSAT Council approved the METOP programme in September 1998, which was POLAR-ORBITING SATELLITES believed would ensure continuity of the EPS Programme 4.6.9 The Association noted with appreCiation that activities. for more than 30 years the United States had operated a Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite EUMETSAT SATELLITE SERVICES (POES) system for the benefit of Members. There were 4.6.3 The Association recalled that the image dis five spacecraft on orbit in various configurations and semination (HRI and WEFAX), MDD, DCP and DRS status of health. The primary spacecraft were NOAA-14 services were being provided by METEOSAT-7. and NOAA-IS. METEOSAT-6 was maintained as a standby satellite. 4.6.10 It was noted with satisfaction that for its series of spacecraft, NOAA had launched future satellites upon GROUND SEGMENT FOR RA I failure or partial failure of an on-orbit imager or sounder 4.6.4 The Association noted that in RA I, 47 instrument. For planning purposes, NOAA-L (PM) was to Members (84 per cent) were equipped with polar-orbit be launched in December 1999, NOAA-M (AM) in April ing receivers (automatic picture transmission (APT) and 2001, NOAA-N (PM) in December 2003, and NOAA-N= high resolution picture transmission (HRPT» and 44 (PM) in July 2007. (Note: NOAA-N= as an afternoon Members (79 per cent) were equipped with geostation spacecraft assumed that METOP would undertake the ary (WEFAX and HR) receivers. The implementation morning orbit.) goals for WMO Members equipped with satellite receiv 4.6.11 The Association was informed of the United ing equipment were 100 per cent for polar-orbiting States Presidential Decision Directive/National Science satellite data receivers (either APT or HRPT) and 100 per and Technology Council (NSTC)-2, dated S May 1994, cent for geostationary satellite data receivers (either which directed the Departments of Commerce (DoC) WEFAX or HR). RA I Members had achieved an overall and Defense (DoD) to converge their separate polar implementation of 73 per cent. orbiting environmental satellite programmes into a 4.6.5 The Association noted with appreCiation that single programme to serve both civil and military needs. inJuly 1998 EUMETSAT had moved one of its satellites, On 1 October 1994, the Integrated Program Office of the METEOSAT-S, to longitude 63°E, over the Indian Ocean National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental under the Indian Ocean Experiment (lNDOEX) project. Satellite System (NPOESS) was formally established. The This satellite was to remain in this position until the end first NPOESS satellite was projected to be available for of the year 2000. In view of the very valuable informa launch in 2007. tion this satellite was providing to RA I Members, 4.6.12 The European EPS programme was to include including tropical cyclone phenomenon monitoring, three satellites of METOP type planned for launch in the session strongly felt that EUMETSAT be requested to 2003, 2007 and 2011 to provide for continuity of obser consider the possibility of permanently maintaining a vations on the morning polar orbit, beyond the current satellite in this position. NOAA/POES programme.

GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES GROUND RECEIVING EQUIPMENT 4.6.6 With regard to MSG, it was noted that the 4.6.13 The Association also noted that future satellite EUMETSAT programme would provide for launch of the services and future satellite systems following imple first satellite (MSG-l) by the end of 2000. Two follow-up mentation and operation of MSG from 2001, and the satellites (MSG-2 and MSG-3) were planned to be polar system EPS from around 2003, would require a launched in the years 2002 and 2007, respectively, in significant change in ground reception eqUipment. The order to ensure twelve years of operations. twelve-channel imager with fifteen-minute repeat cycle 4.6.7 The MSG spacecraft would rely on a spin-sta would deliver about fifteen times more information bilized platform carrying an imaging radiometer, a than the current WEFAX, HRI and MDD transmissions. meteorological communication package, a search and The attention of all users was drawn to the need to pre rescue transponder, and possibly an experimental Global pare the transfer of their operations from METEOSAT to Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) instrument. The main MSG receiving systems in due time before the termina instrument was the Spinning Enhanced Visible and tion of METEOSAT operatiOns. An overlap period of Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), an imaging radiometer with three years was foreseen, from 2001 to 2003, subject to a twelve channels. satisfactory status of both satellites. The Association 16 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I urged its Working Group on Planning and noted that the Operational Newsletter was already avail Implementation of the WWW and the Secretary-General able on the Internet, and those subscribers who had the to identify possible difficulties in replacing METEOSAT reqUired facilities were strongly encouraged to use it and receiving systems, and to coordinate appropriate guid as a result benefit from the rapid access to this publica ance and support, as appropriate. tion. The Association urged Members to assist the 4.6.14 The Association noted with satisfaction the Secretariat in keeping the WWW operational publica establishment of the Task Team on Resource Mobilization tions current by communicating all changes to the to Prepare for the Use of MSG in Africa (PUMA). It invit Secretariat without delay and to thus benefit from the ed Members of the Association through their country restructured OIS. programme priorities and donors to support and imple ment project proposals which would be developed by the 4.8 TROPICAL CYCLONE PROGRAMME (TCP), Task Team. INCLUDING THE REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE RA I TROPICAL CYCLONE COMMITTEE 4.7 WWW SUPPORT ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING THE (TCC) (agenda item 4.8) OPERATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICE (OIS) 4.8.1 The Association expressed its satisfaction (agenda item 4.7) with the achievements and the progress made in the 4.7.1 The Association discussed the status of the implementation of both the general and regional com WWW GIS and recalled that its purpose was to collect ponents of TCP towards the mitigation of tropical from and distribute to WMO Members and WWW cyclone disasters in the South-West Indian Ocean Centres detailed and up-to-date information on facilities, region. While expressing appreciation for the informa services and products made available in the day-to-day tive report submitted by Mr R. R. Vaghjee (Mauritius), operation of WWW. The timely dissemination of this chairman of the RA I TCC, the Association recorded its information was becoming increasingly important to deep gratitude to him for his outstanding leadership in ensure the efficient operation of WWW, especially in guiding the work and activities of the Committee. It relation to the progressive automation of the centres. commended the Members concerned and the RA I TCC 4.7.2 The Association noted with appreciation that for their efforts toward implementation' of the in response to requests by CBS-X, CBS-Ext. (94), and Committee's Regional Cooperation Programme, in par Twelfth Congress, which had called for higher data reli ticular for upgrading the tropical cyclone forecasting ability, improved timeliness of distribution, and and warning systems within the region. The Association provision of additional information, GIS had undergone noted the important role of

(CCl), and was pleased to note that a Task Team had Group on Climate Change Detection had been been established "to help clarify those aspects of WMO established and that a meeting of a Task Group on Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) pertaining to the international Indices had been held at the Hadley Centre in the United exchange of climate data". It noted that the range of Kingdom in early September 1998. Noting that one of data and products under consideration included: the regional experts on indices was from Africa, the (a) Station metadata; Association urged the working group to focus on (b) Climate data from stations other than those recom promoting the development of climate change indices, mended by regional associations, as defined in especially those indicating extreme events such as the paragraph 5, Annex 1 to Resolution 40 (Cg-XII); occurrence of drought, floods, tropical storms and (c) Data already exported from original databases changing sea level which were particularly relevant to RA before the adoption of Resolution 40 and now also I. The Association noted that a few members of the held in other databases; working group had been involved in the preparation of (d) Urban and environmental data; the document on global observing systems for climate (e) Cryospheric, ecological and proxy climate data; referred to above. In this regard, it urged Members to (f) Data from special observing periods (e.g. field note the finding in the report that there were many areas experiments); of the globe, including parts of RA I, that lacked an (g) Normals and other statistical derivations from adequate digitized historical climate data record to serve regional association stations and other stations; and the needs of UN/FCCC. (h) Climate analyses and forecasts covering any period 5.2.2 The Association noted the progress made in including manual and model products and grid establishing the GCOS Surface Network (GSN) and point data. GUAN. It further noted that, based on comments from 5,1.7 It was further noted that the application of 25 Members of RA I, a total of 107 GSN stations in the the legal treaty between the parties to the UN/FCCC Region had been chosen in the final selection process by with respect to data and products was also relevant to deSignated experts, and another 43 stations remained on the deliberations of the Task Team. a standby list pending confirmation by nine Member 5.1.8 The Association noted that the president of countries, including those which did not provide initial CCI had recommended to the Executive Council an comments. The Association urged Members to cooperate alternative mechanism for providing advice on the sci in ensuring that the historical datasets, including meta entific and technical activities in WCASP and the World data, at World Data Centers (WDCs) A and B for Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP). It Meteorology included both surface data from GSN sta noted that inter-Commission issues would be deliberat tions and upper-air data from GUAN stations. It also ed at the Meetings of. the Presidents of Technical urged cooperation in GTS distribution of CLiMAT mes Commissions and that issues related to inter-agency sages from GSN stations, and all stations deSignated in collaboration would be considered within the frame Volume A of Weather Reporting for distribution of CtlMAT work of the Climate Agenda. The Association noted that and CLiMAT TEMP messages. the necessary coordination would be facilitated by inviting the president of CCl to participate in the delib CLIMATE SYSTEM MONITORING PROJECT (CSMP) erations of IACCA, and that the main responsibility for 5.2.3 The Association noted the plans to cease pub providing scientific and technical advice on activities in lication of the paper copies of the Climate System WCASP and WCDMP would be given to the Advisory Monitoring (CSM) Monthly Bulletin, encouraging Working Group of CCl, considering that CCl had been instead the use of alternative sources of near-real-time deSignated as the lead Commission for these pro CSM information. This included making available an grammes. electronic version of the bulletin so that those Members 5.1.9 The Association was pleased to note that the having adequate access to the Internet could view it on CCI Advisory Working Group and the WMO Secretariat the World Wide Web. In this regard, the Association had already begun to implement the recommendations agreed with the CCI Advisory Working Group's recom ofCCI-XII, especially with respect to CLIPS. CCI and its mendation that high priority be given to ensuring that members were contributing actively to a range of CLIPS all WMO Members have World Wide Web access. It activities, such as the organization of expert meetings, urged that the various Commissions coordinate their special fact-finding missions to Member countries, activities in improving Internet access. The Association capacity-building and training events, development of was pleased to be advised that the United Kingdom was pilot projects, as well as the preparation of an action keen to do what it could to help the countries of RA I in plan for CLIPS. this regard. Hard copies of selected items from the Bulletin, however, could be made available to Members 5.2 WORLD CLIMATE DATA AND MONITORING on request. PROGRAMME (WCDMP) (agenda item 5.2) 5.2.4 The Association noted that the sixth edition of the Global Climate System Review (WMO-No. 836) had CLIMATE CHANGE DETECTION PROJECT (CCDP) been published in May 1998 and contained significant 5.2.1 The Association noted that the CCl/Study on input from the Region. In view of the amount of time, Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Working effort and resources that would be needed during the GENERAL SUMMARY 19 following two years to produce a publication on the software and peripheral equipment that could be readily climate of the 20th century, the Association endorsed the adapted to operate any new climate database recommendation of the Advisory Working Group of CCI management software. that the next Review cover the five-year period from June 5.2.8 The Association noted that the total number 1996 through May 2001. of dataset deSCriptions in the INFOCLIMA inventory 5.2.5 The Association was informed of the status of exceeded 1 250, with reference data held by more than the WMO initiative to produce a publication on the cli 300 centres, 45 of which were located in RA 1. The mate of the 20th century, and noted that a prospectus Association further noted the progress made in making had been published and distributed to WMO Members, information contained in the INFOCLIMA database cat potential publishers and authors. The Association agreed alogue of climate system datasets available through the with proposals to ensure that sufficient copies of the WMO Web site on the Internet. It also welcomed the publication would be made available to WMO at a rate collaboration with the Joint GCOS/Global Ocean that would minimize the cost of its distribution to Observing System (GOOS)/Global Terrestrial Observing NMHSs in developing countries. System (GTOS) Data Management and Information Panel (JDMIP), to ensure appropriate linkages and avoid CLIMATE COMPUTING (CLICOM) AND WORLD CLIMATE duplication of effort. The Association urged continued DATA INFORMATION REFERRAL SERVICE (INFOCLIMA) collaboration between GCOS and WCDMP, such as PROJECTS responding to the needs of the UN/FCCC, maintaining 5.2.6 The Association noted that the total number the GSN and GUAN, and registering and referencing sig of countries that had installed the CLICOM software nificant climate data sets. exceeded 130, with 44 of them being in RA 1. Noting 5.2.9 Concerning the Year 2000 Problem, the that 18 Member countries had recently received new PC Association expressed concern that most NMHSs in servers through a United Kingdom VCP donation, the Africa were equipped with the old CLICOM systems, Association urged other Members to initiate action to which may not have been Year 2000 compliant because upgrade outdated hardware, including submitting of older hardware. The Association was informed by the requests through the WMO's VCP. The Association also delegate of the United Kingdom that it was taking steps noted with satisfaction that a CLICOM expert from under the WMO/VCP arrangements for Members in Algeria was involved in the development of an Africa who had received earlier CLICOM Systems with enhanced version of the CLICOM software (version 3.1). United Kingdom funds to have the hardware replaced The Association urged its Members to take full advan with new Year 2000-compliant equipment. The tage of the enhanced version of the software, which had Association noted that one of the CCI Rapporteurs on been made available. The Association was pleased to International Exchange of Climate Data and Products note that training courses in management of climate had been designated to work with similarly designated data had been introduced at the Ecole Africaine de la CBS rapporteurs. This rapporteur would serve as the Meteorologie et de l' Aviation Civile (EAMAC), Niamey, WCP coordinator and focal point for Year 2000 ques Niger, since 1995. These courses were designed to train tions following the terms of reference developed by the technicians in CLICOM software and data processing. CBS experts. The Association urged its members to be The Association also noted that workshops on CLICOM aware of the possible effect of the problem on the man and data processing would be organized at EAMAC for agement of climate databases and on the production of the benefit of high level staff from the NMHSs. climate-related products and services. The Association 5.2.7 The Association noted that a number of requested the Secretary-General to assist Members on experts from the Region were among a group of experts particular questions that might arise with respect to the who met in Toulouse in May 1997 to begin a review of compatibility of CLICOM software modules. climate database management systems (CDMSs) that could meet the needs of WMO Members requiring a DEVELOPMENT OF THE CLIMATE DATABASES PROJECT system more advanced than CLICOM. It further noted 5.2.10 The United States National Climatic Data that following the recommendations of the Toulouse Centre (NCDC) had ceased printing the publication meeting and CCI-XII, a Task Team including experts from "Monthly Climatic Data for the World" and had instead the Czech RepubliC, Finland, France and the Russian made the information available on the World Wide Web. Federation was being formed within the CCI Working The Association was satisfied with the arrangements that Group on Climate Data to pursue the implementation of had been made with the German Meteorological Service this evolutionary development. The Association (DWD) to assist those WMO Members who needed encouraged Members to maintain and build their information from these publications but could not existing CLICOM databases because any development of access them from the Web. It was further noted that the more advanced software would be designed to DWD had also offered to assist the WMO Secretariat in accommodate databases created with CLICOM 3.0 and informing NCDC, other major climate centres and 3.1 software. In light of these developments, the WMO Members of new normals values as they became Association recommended that CLICOM hardware available. The Association noted that work was continu upgrades should continue to be provided to WMO ing on the publication of the World Weather Records for Members, including the latest versions of desktop PCs, the 1981-1990 period, including the volume for Africa. 20 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

It was further noted that NCDC was not intending to ACMAD with respect to those countries that have not print volumes for the 1991-2000 period. Rather, it ratified an agreement with ACMAD. It noted with satis would make the information available on the Web. faction that a skeletal International Data Rescue 5.2.11 The Association noted with satisfaction that Coordination function was being maintained by the NCDC had published a CD-ROM containing data pro Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium in Brussels. vided by WMO Members for publication in The Association encouraged support to ACMAD in the "Climatological Normals (CLINO) for the Period effort to train staff of NMHSs in the Region in the digi 1961-1990". The Association agreed that after the WMO tization of the millions of records that had been rescued Secretariat issued its accumulated additions and correc on microfilm and microfiche. The Association recog tions to the Normals publication, any future changes or nized the important role of the CLICOM project in additions would be made available only from the digital digitizing this rescued data and urged its Members to database at NCDC. digitize data that had been rescued on microfilm. It also 5.2.12 The Association noted with satisfaction that a urged that subregional institutions such as AGRHYMET CD-ROM containing gridded global surface temperature and the DMCs also playa role in data rescue activities. datasets had recently been made available in 5.2.15 The Association requested its Members to Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) through a cooperative make an effort to maintain the existing Reference effort involving the United Kingdom Meteorological ClimatolOgical Stations (RCSs) network in the Region and Office, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and to assist in the revival of those stations that had ceased the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA. The Association operations as well as in the opening of new stations; welcomed plans to distribute copies of this version and a DOS-formatted version to all WMO Members when the 5.3 WORLD CLIMATE ApPLICATIONS AND SERVICES latter became available. PROGRAMME (WCASP) (agenda item 5.3) 5.3.1 The Association noted the progress made ASSISTANCE TO MEMBERS TO IMPROVE THE CLIMATE DATA under WCASP and emphasized the importance of fur MANAGEMENT PROJECT ther development of this programme, particularly in 5.2.13 The Association noted that, following the ses respect to the CLIPS project in close cooperation with sions of CCl-XII and the Advisory Working Group, there NMHSs in the Region (see also paragraph 5.4 below). It had been a concerted effort to complete the initiative to appreciated that an important aspect of WCASP was to publish a document that would provide comprehensive provide assistance to Members in building their capacity guidance on the preservation and management of cli to interact with. various sectoral users, including the mate data, with particular emphasis on the needs of organization of training workshops and sequences of developing countries. It urged that work on this docu roving seminars, using seconded experts and the provi ment should proceed in a complementary fashion, and sion of specialized gUidance material, and to promote with the same high priority as completing the new Guide the application of cost-benefit analyses related to cli to Climatological Practices (WMO-No. 100). mate services in various sectors. The Association stressed 5.2.14 In noting that funding support from Belgium . that a major task was the development of methodologies . for the Data Rescue project in Africa (DARE I) had ended to assess the effects of climate, its variability and poten in 1997, the Association expressed its appreciation to tial change on various socia-economic activities. It Belgium for a truly significant contribution that resulted agreed that special focus should be on sectors such as in the rescue of nearly five million climate data docu food production, water resources management and ments on microfilm. It noted that a DARE· I support human health. The value of CLIPS products, however, to function had been established at ACMAD in December decision-making in many other sectors, as well as to the 1997 and that ACMAD staff had been trained in the use general public, needed to be studied further,· especially of the DARE I microfilm equipment. The Association the means of disseminating and providing this informa recalled that meteorolOgical data were the property of tion as part of operational meteorological services. the NMSs that generated them. Consequently, as was 5.3.2 The Association noted that . several already the case for Belgium in the framework of the developments in the area of Urban and Building DARE project, the Association recommended that for Climatology had been in focus the last few years, uses other than those explicitly related to ACMAD's including the United Nations Conference on Human mandate, parties requesting data (institutions, individu Settlement (HABITAT II) in Istanbul, Turkey, and the als, etc.) be referred to the NMSs from which the International Conference on Urban Climates in Essen, meteorological data originated. This would protect the Germany, both held in June 1996. It noted the planning interests of those Meteorological Services, in the frame for the International Conference on Urban Climates work of exchange and commercialization of (lCUC'99) to be held jointly with the International meteorological data and products] while simplifying Congress on Biometeorology (lCB'99) in Sydney, their collaboration with regional and subregional spe Australia, in November 1999. This Conference was also cialized meteorological Centres for the setting up of to include sections relating to the Tropical Urban Climate regional and subregional databases. The Association fur Experiment (TRUCE) that has been supported by WMO. ther recommended· that only those data approved for The Association noted with satisfaction that along with global and regional exchange should be retained by WMO's traditional interest in climate, food and GENERAL SUMMARY 21 agriculture and climate and water resources, various with the Climate Outlook Fora, was seen as instrumen aspects of climate and human health would be tal in building capacity among the NMHSs. It recognized emphasized in the development of climate applications. the role these fora had played in connection with the It was recommended that consideration be given to monitoring and prediction of the 1997/98 El Nino events organizing special "showcase projects" in the Region and recommended that such fora should also be organ with focus on the development of early warning systems ized in the Region in the future, as appropriate. for heat waves, tropical cyclones and other extreme 5.4.4 Climate Outlook Fora for Southern Africa weather events. The Climate Agenda would provide the (SADC countries) were organized in Zimbabwe in right framework for developing collaborative projects September 1997, in Namibia in December 1997, in the with other organizations such as UNEP and the World Republic of South Africa in May 1998 and in Zimbabwe Health Organization (WHO). The Association was also in September/October 1998. Because of the need for a informed of a forthcoming training programme on forecast-coordinating function in response to the strong Climate and Human Health that would be jointly 1997/98 El Nino, CLIPS supported similar fora in East cosponsored by WMO/CLIPS and the International Africa in Kenya in February and September 1998, and in Research Institute for Climate Prediction (IRI) in Mali West Africa in Cote d'Ivoire in May 1998. The fora pro early in 1999. vided opportunities for researchers from various advanced climate prediction centres to work with repre 5.4 CLIMATE INFORMATION AND PREDICTION sentatives of regional operational climate centres and SERVICES (CLIPS) (agenda item 5.4) climatologists in NMHSs to develop consolidated cli 5.4.1 The Association noted that the goals for the mate outlook guidance products together with guidance implementation of the CLIPS project were set to ensure on their interpretation and dissemination to users. The provision of integrated climate information and prediC Association believed it might be appropriate to establish tion services. It noted further that CLIPS should also a regional Task Team to gather information on typical provide a framework to the development of new methods weather patterns during an El Nino event so that users and techniques in response to user needs and require could intervene rapidly on receiving signal of an ments for climate information, knowledge and services. impending E1 Nino event. The Association supported the idea that this should 5.4.5 The Association noted with satisfaction that include development of the capability to provide sector the CLIPS project was giving priority to issues related to specific climate prediction products and related guidance closer interaction with the potential users of climate material. It noted that the structure of the CLIPS project services and this was considered an important compo also included training, pilot and demonstration projects, nent in developing climate services. As interaction with liaison with research programmes, and networking. the users forms an important component of the capaci 5.4.2 The Association noted with satisfaction that ty-building efforts of the CLIPS project, Members were various options of coordination between the advanced urged to give particular attention to strengthening their global and regional centres that had or were developing interactions with users. Members were also encouraged an operational seasonal prediction capability were being to undertake new studies of the socio-economic and explored. It noted further that major points for discus environmental benefits from climate services, taking sion included the respective roles of the WMO care to address the value of information on climate to Secretariat and the major climate prediction centres of the decision maker, and to quantify the actual or poten its Member countries in responding to climate-related tial value of applying the information, especially at the crises, the lessons learned through the review of the market sector on regional or national levels. It was con 1997/98 El Nino event and an appropriate global frame sidered important to involve the users in the assessment work for operational climate information and prediction of economic benefits. The Association noted that these services. It would be especially important to ensure that issues were highlighted in a report prepared by Mr J. M. methods of verification of seasonal forecasts were devel Nicholls (United Kingdom) for the CLIPS project on oped along with the prediction products. The Economic and Social Benefits of Climatological Information Association also emphasized the importance of focusing and Services: A Review of Existing Assessments, published on monitoring and diagnostic products and services in as WCASP Report No. 38 (WMO/TD-No. 780). addition to prediction services. The Association was 5.4.6 The Association was pleased to note that the informed that the preSidents of CCl, CBS and the WMO Secretariat had provided leadership in several task Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) would be forces related to the El Niflo phenomenon, noting the conferring on how best to move forward in these areas. relevance in the contexts of seasonal to interannual cli 5.4.3 The Association recalled that Twelfth mate variability and interagency coordination. The Congress had stressed the need for joint CLIPS activities Association emphasized the importance of exploiting with the research programmes, particularly the World these opportunities to enhance interaction between the Climate Research Programme (WCRP), and it was noted climate research and user communities. This would with satisfaction that the research community was demonstrate the social and economic benefits, as well as involved in both the development and the implementa give recognition to the NMHSs as primary voices of tion of the CLIPS project. In particular, it was noted that operational climate information and prediction services this integral role, including researchers in connection in their countries. 22 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

5.4.7 The Association strongly supported the contin noted the overall future research priorities for WCRP set ued development of the CLIPS project and expressed the down by the Conference on the World Climate Research firm wish that Thirteenth Congress would be able to pro Programme: Achievements, Benefits and Challenges vide a more substantial financial base for this purpose. (Geneva, 26 to 28 August 1997), In particular, it sup The Association decided to appoint three rapporteurs on ported emphasis on the assessment of the nature and CLIPS and adopted Resolution 7 (XII-RA I). predictability of seasonal to interdecadal variations of climate at global and regional scales, and on the provi 5.5 WORLD CLIMATE IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND sion of the scientific basis for operational predictions for RESPONSE STRATEGIES PROGRAMME (WCIRP) use in climate services in support of sustainable devel (agenda item 5.5) opment. 5.5.1 The Association noted the information pro 5.6.2 The Association recognized the importance of vided by UNEP on the status of implementation of many other recommendations made by the Conference. WCIRP and on the future direction of the programme; It It agreed that WCRP research activities should be com recognized with appreciation UNEP's longstanding and plemented by systematic, sustained and reinforced invaluable support to various climate activities relevant observations of all key climate variables, by capacity to the Region. The Association was pleased to learn that building involving all nations in climate research activi support for climate impacts and adaptation assessment ties, and by improving interactions with other and response strategies programme would likelybe bet climate-related programmes within the framework of ter than had been the case in the recent past. In the international Climate Agenda. . particular, the recent commitment of the Executive 5.6.3 The Association recognized the importance of Director to support these activities was welcomed by the global climatological datasets being produced in the Association. Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) 5.5.2 The Association took note of the plans for the based on merging in situ measurements and satellite future development of the WCIRP and especially UNEP's observations. It asked Members to consider the provi~ intentions to be proactive in carrying out international sion of further support to GEWEX activities. explorations into the flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto 5.6.4 The Association expressed particular interest Protocol; notably the Clean Development Mechanism. in the development of the CLIVAR research study, and Specifically, the Association took note of the initiative by the formation of a CLIVAR African Climate Study Group, UNEP for a Consultative Meeting of Ministers of the which was formed to advance understanding of, and the Environment, African Ministerial Conference on ability to predict, climate and climate variability in Environment, to examine these issues before the Africa. The Association looked forward to receiving the UN/FCCC, the United Nations Convention to Combat report of the Group's first session, which was held on 7 Desertification (UNCCD) and the Montreal Protocol, to 9 May 1998 in Abidjan, COte d'lvoire. whose Conferences and Meeting of the Parties respective 5.6.5 The Association also expressed a desire to see ly would be taking place before the end of the year 1998. more scientists from the Region involved in the CLIVAR 5.5.3 The Association took note of the Project African research study, and in the planning and imple "Reducing the Impact of Environmental' Emergencies mentation of projects and activities that would be through Early Warning and Preparedness - The Case of recommended by the study. It requested its Members to the' EI Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)" which had take a more active part in the various WCRP projects, been submitted by UNEP and approved for funding by and urged sponsors of the WCRP to spare no effort to the Turner Foundation. It expressed confidence that the ensure enhanced participation of African scientists in traditional cooperation between WMO and UNEP would the programme. The Association also encouraged the be brought to bear in the implementation of this impor NMHSs to participate as fully as possible in nationalcli tant project;' and that the Association Members would mate research programmes led by other national have an opportunity to be involved in its imple institutions. mentation. 5.5.4 The Association further noted the recommen 5;7 GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM (GCOS) dation of its working group that UNEP, in its (agenda item 5.7) collaboration with WMO and the National Center for 5.7.1 The Association noted with appreciation the Atmospheric Research in the United States, could progress report on GCOS. It noted that the GCOS Steering address other manifestations of climate variability in Committee (formerly the Joint Scientific and Technical various regiOns of the globe. The Association believed Committee OSTC» has developed and published plans for that a special focus and support to RA I countries was the overall system, for the space-based observational com warranted, since these impacts had caused enormous ponents, for the terrestrial requirements, and for the data loss of property and human lives in recent years. and information management. The Association support ed both the priorities and the approach taken by the 5.6 WORLD CLIMATE RESEARCH PROGRAMME GCOS Steering Committee in developing these plans, and (WCRP) (agenda item 5.6) agreed to assist with their implementation. Members 5.6.1 The Association noted with appreciation the agreed to continue to participate actively inthe planning report on the status of WCRP. The Association further and implementation activities of the programme, and to GENERAL SUMMARY 23 establish points of contact or national groups to effect ensure ongOing and effective operation of their GAW closer communications between the programme and their stations. The Association also requested the Secretary national activities. General to assist in the coordination of a maintenance 5.7.2 The Association appreciated the efforts in programme to aid Members in this regard. designing and implementing networks and specifically 6.1.2 The new endeavour identified by Twelfth welcomed the development of GUAN and GSN. Congress concerning urban environment and assigned However, it expressed deep concern over the serious by the Executive Council at its forty-ninth session gaps that existed in GUAN, in particular over the (Geneva, June 1997) to its Executive Council Panel of Region. It urged that GCOS planners give urgent atten Experts/CAS Working Group on Environmental tion to this issue and confer with WWW/GOS and Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry, the focal point Members to determine an appropriate course of action for WMO environment activities, was noted with inter to fill the gaps. The Association recognized the serious est by the Association. In view of the growing difficulties experienced by some Members in maintain population of the Earth and the general tendency ing upper-air observing programmes at the standard towards urbanization and industrialization, it welcomed required under GCOS. Nevertheless, it agreed to provide, this new initiative and pledged its support. The to the degree possible, observations in support of GCOS Association urged Members and WMO's Secretary and support for product developments based on them. General to provide the necessary assistance, including 5.7.3 The Association noted with interest GCOS training and advice for capacity building in this field. activities in support of the Climate Agenda and 6.1.3 Considering the susceptibility of the Region UN/FCCC, especially the preparation of the report on the to atmospheric pollution both on urban and regional adequacy of global observing systems for climate. scales, and therefore the need to be kept fully informed Members agreed to support, through their national dele of developments, the Association decided to incorporate gations to UN/FCCC, initiatives identified by the report to these aspects of atmospheric environment into its con increase observing system capacity, recognizing that this siderations when discussing climate issues. could provide an avenue for obtaining greater recognition of the resource problems facing Members in maintaining 6.2 WEATHER PREDICTION RESEARCH PROGRAMME and enhancing their observing programmes. (agenda item 6.2) 5.7.4 The Association noted the past contributions 6.2.1 The Association expressed satisfaction that to the GCOS programme from its Members. It urged all Members were submitting valuable contributions to the Members to examine, and where possible enhance, their two annual numerical weather prediction progress support to GCOS in both its international coordination reports. It urged, however, a greater participation by sci and national implementation. entists from the Region in weather prediction research activities. In particular, it was deemed important that 6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT the countries of the Region participate in all processes of PROGRAMME (AREP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS research and development, and not just those activities (agenda item 6) related to data acquisition. 6.2.2 The Association noted the new orientation of WMO RESEARCH AWARDS FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS CAS concerning weather prediction research activities The Association was informed that many and the endorsement by the fiftieth session of the years had passed since a candidate nominated by a Executive Council of the proposed World Weather Member in the Region had won the WMO Research Research Programme (WWRP) as a new endeavour Award for Young Scientists. To rectify this situation which encompassed all the ranges in forecasting; It con Members were urged to submit nominations whenever sidered WWRP a significant development, which would possible. be of benefit to the Region, and expressed its full support for the programme mission, objectives and strategies. 6.1 GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE WATCH (GAW) (agenda 6.2.3 The possibilities of NWP for weather forecast item 6.1) ing were once more emphasized at the seminar that took 6.1.1 The Association noted that numerous place at ACMAD (Niamey) inJune 1998. The Association Members actively supported GAW by operating GAW felt it was essential that African countries not only use global or regional stations, some in an exemplary fash these new methods, but also through training of NMHS ion. Algeria, for example at its Assekrem/Tamanrasset staff, learn to develop them so as to adapt them to the GAW Global station, had developed expertise to a degree continent's specific conditions (e.g. major convective that it allowed it to establish cooperation programmes systems and data collection difficulties that lead to in the field, with WMO Members both within and out heavy reliance on satellite data). The Association noted side the Region. Kenya, as well, was proceeding with the with satisfaction the proposed establishment of a establishment of its GAW Global station on Mount numerical prediction course at EAMAC (Niger) in 1999. Kenya. Other Members reported on the current status of 6.2.4 Following the ACMAD Seminar, France pro their GAW stations, and the Association encouraged posed to all Member countries of RA I a multi-step those who were experiencing difficulties with mainte project whereby they could immediately take advantage nance, to twin their activities with other countries to of NWP results while building their capacity to develop 24 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELITH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

NWP models and adapt them to African peculiarities. It Group would also consider the problems of interaction was emphasized that this proposal met the expectations between tropical and extra tropical systems, as this was and constraints of African countries, especially as they of concern to many Members. related to the training of research staff. 6.2.5 The Association also welcomed information 6.4 PROGRAMME ON PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF from other delegations with advanced numerical model CLOUDS AND WEATHER MODIFICATION REsEARCH ling capabilities that they would examine to determine (agenda item 6.4) how they might best enhance and coordinate their own 6.4.1 The Association encouraged its Members to activities in the Region with the Meteo-France initiative continue their support for this Programme and to con to advance the overall capabilities for regional NWP tinue their participation in the events organized. It also within the Region. Opportunities also existed for urged Members to submit any information they have entraining the meteorological research and develop regarding their activities for publication in the annual ment capabilities that already existed within the Register of National Weather Modification Projects. universities of the Region. 6.4.2 It was noted that renewed interest had been expressed in establishing a weather modification pro 6.3 TROPICAL METEOROLOGY REsEARCH PROGRAMME gramme by several countries in the Region, including (TMRP) (agenda item 6.3) Ethiopia,andthe Association urged that WMO's activity 6.3.1 The Association expressed satisfaction on in this area continue. This interest was based on the fact being informed of the actions of CAS in redefining proj that precipitation enhancement technologies were con ects in the area of tropical meteorology research which sidered to be an important component of water resources subsequently were agreed with by the fiftieth session of policy and therefore should receive added emphaSis in the Executive Council Gune 1998). It also welcomed the the amelioration of the scarcity of water. Hygroscopic expected strong interaction between WWRP and tropical seeding was mentioned as an approach which showed meteorology research. The great importance attached to promise. It was developed by the National Precipitation the programme was reiterated, and Members pledged to Research Programme of South Africa. Initial indications actively participate and collaborate in. its implementa of area rainfall increases· were encouraging and the tech tion in the areas of the programme related to the Region. nology was already being tested in several countries. The Association was concerned, however, that too few Those responsible were commended for their efforts. All· opportunities were being provided to scientists in the Members of the Association were encouraged to follow region to participate in the planning of these activities. closely the developments. The Association was informed; 6.3.2 . The Association took note of the First WMO for example, that Morocco since 1984 had been conduct International Workshop on Monsoon Studies (Denpasar, ing a research programme on cloud physics and Indonesia, February 1997). This workshop provided a chemistry, as well as on rain enhancement, in a target forum for discussion between researchers and forecasters area. Valuable experience had been gained concerning on the current status of monsoon knowledge, and on different cloud seeding methods and the results, which priorities and opportunities ,for monsoon studies. were encouraging, were being evaluated every year, with Several experts from the. Region participated. The the reports being transmitted to experts in this field. The Association also noted the Fifth Regional Workshop on Association requested Members of the Region, who had Asian/African Monsoon Emphasizing Training Aspects well-developed activity weather modification pro (New Delhi, India, January/February ·1995), which grammes, to assist other Members in starting up their numerous representatives of Members attended. The own activities. The delegate from Spain advised the Association welcomed the proposal to hold the next Association of opportunities for short-term training workshop in Nairobi, Kenya, 18 to 22 January 1999 .. scholarships that would be offered again in 1999 on 6.3.3 The Association noted with satisfaction the weather modification practices. continuous effort made in the Project on Tropical Limited 6.4.3 The Association noted the concerns expressed Area Modelling (TLAM) to transfer expertise in . limited by the focal point for WMO weather modification activ area modelling to developing countries through a work ities, the Executive Council Panel of Experts/CAS shop series in collaboration with the International Centre Working Group on the .physics and Chemistry of Clouds for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy. The and Weather Modification Research. These concerns Association also encouraged the initiative by the Working related to the dramatic decrease of research into the Group on Tropical Meteorology Research (WGTMR)· to basic physics, chemistry and statistics of weather modi establish a demonstration project in association with fication} while operations continued at a vigorous pace. WWRP that would assist Members to transfer TLAM to It was feltthat weather modification could help alleviate their countries for operational use, with special attention the adverse consequences of the severe water shortage on training of model application and maintenance. problem, which threatened only certain regions of the 6.3.4 . Recognizing the need for a source of expert world, but may have in years hence grown to a world advice on relevant areas of TMRP, the Association wide problem. The Association therefore urged Members expressed satisfaction that CAS had re-established its who were contemplating weather modification activities WGTMP where, in its membership, the Region was rep to include in their planning support for weather modifi resented. The Association expressed the wish that this cation research. GENERAL SUMMARY 2S

6.4.4 The Association also noted the concern based on seasonal forecasts and climatology, as demon expressed by the delegate from South Africa on the strated by the 1997/98 El Nino episode had become an implications of weather modification programmes for important concern to the public, particularly as it relat global and regional climates. It requested that the mat ed to severe and extreme weather events in the Region. ter be given due attention within WCRP. In addition, governments, the private sector, the gener al public, and other users through the use of weather 7. ApPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY and climate information, would be in a position to make PROGRAMME (AMP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS better decisions that would lead to reducing risks and (agenda item 7) improving sustainable development. The Association 7.1 PUBLIC WEATHER SERVICES (PWS) PROGRAMME stressed that although meteorological information was (agenda item 7.1) becoming increasingly available to the public, through 7.1.1 The Association expressed its satisfaction at for example the Internet and the international broadcast the development of the PWS Programme and the media, it often required careful interpretation by profes progress achieved in implementing its objectives with sional meteorologists in order to provide useful limited resources. gUidance for making effective decisions. The Association 7.1.2 The Association noted with appreciation that reiterated the important role of effective presentation of one of the primary objectives of the PWS Programme, weather forecasts and warnings through the media in namely the publication of the preliminary Guide to Public enhancing the visibility of NMHSs, and agreed that par Weather Services (WMO-No. 834) had been accomplished ticular attention should be given within the PWS successfully in 1996. It was pleased to note that an Programme to the issue of dissemination and presenta expanded version of the Guide was under preparation. tion of forecasts and warnings. In this regard, the 7.1.3 The Association agreed that in view of the Association expressed its appreciation to the United increasing activities of the international broadcast Kingdom Meteorological Office for providing weather media in the dissemination of weather forecasts, the presentation systems to several Members in RA I, and impact of these activities on the recognition of the serv noted that the United Kingdom intended to continue ices that NMHSs provided to the public should be given this practice. particular attention. The Association suggested that 7.1.6 The Association agreed that there was a strong WMO, through the PWS Programme, continue to active need for continuing assistance to Members in dealing ly pursue this issue with a view to agreeing on a lib est with issues with increasingly international dimensions, practice". including: 7.1.4 The Association stressed that the delivery of (a) The use of the Internet as a tool to disseminate pub effective PWS in support of safety of life and protection lic forecasts; of property was one of the main functions of NMHSs. In (b) Effective cooperation with major international this regard, the Association felt that the capacity-build media; ing component within the PWS Programme should be (c) Exchange of warnings of severe weather among strengthened and that continued high priority be given neighbouring countries; to the education and training activities in the Region. (d) Improved relations and coordination between The Association particularly stressed the need to have NMSs, disaster coordinators, media, and private sec these education and training activities in all the official tor; and WMO languages used in the Region. Since the establish (e) Enhanced training in television and radio broadcast ment of the PWS Programme, several training events of weather and related information. had been organized in the Region, including the 7.1.7 The Association also agreed that for Members Training Workshop on PWS in conjunction with the to further develop their national PWS Programmes, they RA I TCC, and the Regional Training Seminar on GDPS urgently needed assistance in the following areas: and the Presentation of Forecasts to the Public, both (a) Guidance material on verification of public fore held in October 1997 in Pretoria, South Africa. The casts; Association expressed its appreciation to the (b) Guidance material for improving the presentation Government of South Africa for hosting these events. It of warnings and forecasts through various media, also expressed its appreciation to Egypt and the United dealing especially with language problems in multi Kingdom for an associated seminar on television broad lingual countries in the Region; casting held in Cairo, which also benefitted the PWS (c) Guidelines in preparing environmental informa Programme (see also item 11). The Association also wel tion such as air pollution, UV radiation and ozone comed with appreciation the offer by Kenya to include levels for inclusion in public weather bulletins; specific television weather presentation training at the (d) Guidelines, developed in cooperation with CLIPS, RMTC Nairobi. on the use of seasonal and interannual forecasts 7.1.5 In view of the cross-cutting nature of the PWS and on the use of information related to climate Programme, the Association underscored the impor change; tance of active cooperation between the PWS (e) Guidance material for enhanced public understand Programme and other scientific and technical pro ing of meteorology, especially for use in schools, grammes. In this connection, it agreed that information other educational institutions, and as part of special 26 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

education particularly aimed at disadvantaged per 7.2.6 The Association noted WMO activities on sons (e.g. elderly, people with disabilities and desertification and urged Members to participate active ethnic minorities); and ly in the implementation of the UNCCD, especially (f) '. Further PWS training during regional workshops Annex L The Association also noted with appreciation and seminars dealing with aspects which were of that the Secretary-General had provided appropriate special concern and interest to the Region. guidelines to Members in this regard. The Association further urged Members to benefit from the support by 7.2 AMP, INCLUDING THE REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) for projects in OF THE WORKING GROUP (agenda item 7.2) this area. 7.2.1 The Association noted that the meeting of the 7.2.7 The Association agreed that agrometeorology RA I Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology was was a very important area for ensuring the sustainabili held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in April 1998. The ty and continued productivity of agriculture in Africa, Association placed on record its appreciation to the and that all efforts should be made to encourage Permanent Representative of Ethiopia to WMO for host Members to place appropriate emphasis on agrometeo ing the meeting and for providing necessary facilities to rological applications in the Region. In order to ensure conduct the meeting. The Association complimented transfer and adoption of proven agrometeorological the chairman and the .membersof the group for the technologies at the farm level, for example, efforts activities carried out and for the final technical report. It should be made by the agrometeorologicat services in recommended that the report be published by WMO the Region to, establish effective links with extension and widely distributed. The Association further compli services and Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs). mented the Secretary-General and the Commission for 7.2.8 The Association agreed that the poor rate of Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) for the progress made return of questionnaires from Members hindered the in the field of agricultural meteorology, including the work of rapporteurs and working groups. Accordingly, it publication of a large number of CAgM reports. urged Directors of NMHSs to appoint focal pointscwith 7.2.2 The Association noteo with appreciation the in the agrometeorological units of their services to be

theme adopted by the Commission, /I Operational responsible for preparing responses to questionnaires as agrometeorology for sustainable environmentally appropriate. The Association also agreed that it was friendly· and economically-viable agricultural important to make use of alternatives to questionnaires production". It stressed the need to increase the aware such as list servers for e-mail and the World Wide Web, ness of users to the economic, environmental and health and to seek information from the agrometeorology benefits of the application of meteorological, climato Internet discussion group established by WMO and Food logical and hydrological information to agriculture, to and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations improve quality and quantity of products and to reduce (FAO). losses due to pests and diseases, transport and storage of 7.2.9 The Association reiterated that the application produce. The Association considered the theme to be of of meteorology to agriculture continued to be of high pri extreme importance to the Region. The Association ority to the Region, and that the activities of the noted with interest the intersessional activities of the Association in this area should continue. The Association CAgM and agreed that they would contribute greatly to therefore agreed to appoint three rapporteurs on agricul the economic development of the Region. tural meteorology and adopted Resolution 8 (XII-RA I). 7.2.3 The Association was pleased to note that the twelfth session of CAgM was to be held in February 1999 7.3 AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME, in Accra, Ghana. This was the first time a session of INCLUDING THE REPORT OF THE RAPPORTEUR CAgM was held in Afrlca and, given the importance (agenda item 7.3) attached to' sustainable agriculture in Africa,· the 7.3.1 The Association noted with appreciation the Association.urged all the Members to send delegations to report of the Rapporteur-on Aeronautical Meteorology, , the session. Mr M. Yattara (Senegal), and thanked him for the excel 7.2.4 . The Association noted with appreciation the lent work accomplished during the intersessional plans for holding, prior· to the .CAgM session, an period. The Association noted the information provided International Workshop on /I Agrometeorology in the on implementation of WAFS and requested the Members 21st Century - Needs and Perspectives" which it was to give high priority to installing VSATs in Region 1. hoped would stimulate increased participation of 7.3.2 The Association noted with satisfaction that· experts in this important event. the global coverage of WAFS satellite broadcasts was 1.2.5 The Association noted with satisfaction the achieved and that the SADIS covering Europe, part of training events held in the Region, and strongly sup Africa, the Middle East and the western part of Asia had ported the continued organization of such events, for both one-way and two-way capabilities. The one-way the benefit of the participants from the Region. The uplink had been operational since 1995.. Tests of two Association agreed that training in agricultural meteor wayVSATs had been underway at London, Pretoria and ology should .receive high priority consideration for Zurich. The results of the trials in 1998 indicated that meaningful application of meteorological information essentially all three SADIS two-way VSATs were fully to agricultural activities. operational. This experience would be of considerable GENERAL SUMMARY 27 assistance in developing guidance for future SADIS two transfer of responsibilities of some RAFCs in Africa to the way VSAT installations. The session was informed that London WAFC, recommended that the RAFCs be con SADIS broadcasts included global WAFS gridded digital sulted in the definition of the transition plans. In this upper wind and temperature forecasts in GRIB format, respect, the Association recommended to the eleventh selected upper wind and temperature and significant session of the Commission for Aeronautical weather (SIGWX) forecast charts in T.4 facsimile format, Meteorology (CAeM) that the transition process, in par as well as operational meteorological information ticular the area related to quality and reliability of the (OPMET), namely Aerodrome Forecasts (TAFs), aviation significant weather products, be further studied, in view routine weather reports (METARs)/aviation selected spe of the multiple problems encountered. cial weather reports (SPECIs), special aircraft weather 7.3.7 The Association noted with great satisfaction reports (AIREPs) and significant meteorologies that, in line with the directives of Congress and the (SIGMETs). The Association complimented the London Executive Council, nine training events in aeronautical World Area Forecast Centre (WAFC) for achieving the meteorology had been held since its last seSSion, and five computer generation of high-level SIGWX charts in dig of these events were held solely for participants from the ital facsimile T.4 for all ICAO Regions and ICAO Region. The Association congratulated the United standard areas and for the positive results obtained from Kingdom Meteorological Office for having conducted the series of trials conducted for the generation, trans since 1994 four annual Seminars on the Application and mission and decoding of high-level SIGWX forecasts in Interpretation of NWP Products in AViation, co-spon the BUFR code. Further, the Association noted the sored by WMO and attended by operational forecasters, request from ICAO seeking voluntary contributions to including participants from Africa. The Association support SADIS and indicating that designated meteoro thanked Meteo-Prance for the training activities provided logical authorities could recover any contributions in collaboration with EAMAC during the inter-sessional through their aeronautical meteorological services cost period. The Association recalled with satisfaction that recovery charges. two WAFS implementation seminars were held in Dakar, 7.3.3 The session noted that the installation of Senegal, in April 1995 and in Nairobi, Kenya, in WAFS satellite broadcast (SADIS-VSAT) receivers and November 1995. The Association further recalled that data display terminals was being actively pursued in the four seminars relevant to aeronautical meteorology were Region, and that already some satellite-receiving termi held in the Region, which included the WMO/ICAO/ nals had been installed and were operational. The ASECNA Seminar on the Amended Aeronautical Association strongly recommended that Members Meteorological Codes held in Niamey, Niger, in 1996; the acqUire and implement SADIS receiving equipment in Training Seminar on NWP Applications for Aeronautical their centres. Meteorology in Pretoria, South Africa, in 1996; the 7.3.4 Noting with satisfaction that most of the WMO/ASECNA Regional Seminar on the use of GDPS equipment installed was donated through WMO's VCP, and WAFS Products, and Presentation of Forecasts to the the Association expressed its gratitude to WMO Public, in Niamey, Niger, in March 1997; and the seminar Members, in particular the United Kingdom, for the on Air Traffic Services (ATS)/Meteorology (MET)/Pilots/ assistance so far provided and urged Members to contin Coordination, in Niamey, Niger in March 1998. The ue to help the Region in fully implementing WAFS. Association also noted with appreciation that a 7.3.5 The Association noted the difficulties encoun WMO/ASECNA Seminar on WAFS Products was to be tered in improving AIREP collection in the Region, and held at EAMAC (Niger) in November 1998 and a seminar requested Members to make extra efforts to increase the on ATS/MET/Pilots/Coordination was also to be held in volume of upper-air data collected, as they were essential Nairobi (Kenya) in November 1998. for improving weather forecasting skills. Members were 7.3.8 The Association further noted with satisfac urged to take the opportunity offered by new technolo tion the efforts made by both the WMO Secretariat and gies such as WMO's aircraft meteorological data relay the Members to train meteorological personnel in the (AMDAR) system for real-time automatic collection and Region, and urged them to continue to give high priori transmission of good-quality upper-air meteorological ty to training such personnel in Africa. In particular, it data. Air Mauritius and South African Airways already noted with appreciation that EAMAC was to organize had aircraft equipped with AMDAR systems. In view of three specialized training events regularly every year the progress achieved in automating services to users, starting in 1999. Two of the events were to address flight Members were also encouraged to take advantage of the safety and the other event was to address the use of new possibilities thus provided to enhance their services SADIS. to users. (See also item 4.2) 7.3.6 The Association noted with interest the han 7.4 MARINE METEOROLOGY AND ASSOCIATED dover of responsibility of European Regional Area OCEANOGRAPHIC ACTIVITIES PROGRAMME Forecast Centres (RAFCs) to the London WAFC effective (MMAOAP), INCLUDING THE REPORTS OF THE January 1997, and the ongoing implementation of tran RAPPORTEURS (agenda item 7.4) sition plans for the transfer of responsibility of other 7.4.1 The Association noted with interest that the RAFCs in Africa and Asia to London. The Association, Twelfth Congress had approved the MMAOAP as part of conscious of the difficulties posed by the projected the Fourth WMO Long-term Plan (4LTP). This 28 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I programme provided overall objectives as well as detailed contribute to the trials, and to report the results of these guidelines in this field for Members, regional associations trials to CMM. It expressed its appreciation to Australia andWMO. for hosting the International Seminar/Workshop on 7.4.2 With regard to the implementation of marine MPERSS in Townsville, Australia, July 1998, which it meteorological services, specifically in Region I, the considered had provided an important stimulus to Association noted with appreciation the very compre MPERSS implementation. The Association noted with hensive report of the Rapporteur on Regional Marine appreciation that RSMC La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Meteorological Services for the Western Indian Ocean, Centre agreed to make runs of its pollution transport Mr S. Ragoonaden (Mauritius). Actions taken on various model for Members of RA I on request. points raised in this report were recorded in subsequent 7.4.5 The Association noted with appreciation that paragraphs. The Association was informed of the future the Marine Climatological Summaries Scheme (MCSS), plan on marine activities within the East Atlantic Ocean. the Global Digital Sea Ice Data Bank (GDSIDB) and the It was the belief of the deSignated rapporteur that effort Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission (IOC)/WMO was being made to acquire operational marine equip Global Temperature Salinity Profile Programme (GTSPP) ment to enhance marine activities in the subregion. were all being continually developed to meet require Effort was also being made by those countries in the sub ments for various types of marine climate data to support region without marine units to establish one within the global clImate studies, GCOS and the provision of marine context of the Economic Community for West African services. It therefore urged Members concerned in the States (ECOWAS) Meteorological Project.' This was to Region to participate actively in these projects. widen the scope of marine activities, of .the subregion. The Association agreed that the further development of SYSTEMS FOR MARINE OBSERVATIONS AND DATA COLLECTION marine meteorological services; together with marine 7.4.6 The Association noted with appreciation that, observing systems in the Region, particularly in light of following the agreement of Eleventh Congress that the opinions of Twelfth Congress on the matter, should WMO would cooperate with 10C in the development of be an ongoing activity. It therefore decided to re-appoint the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), WMO was a rapporteur and adopted Resolution 9 (XII-RAI). a full co-sponsor of GOOS, along with the International Council for Science (ICSU), IOC and UNEP. MARINE METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SERVICES 7.4.7 The Association shared the view of Twelfth 7.4.3 The Association recalled that the new WMO Congress that the development and implementation of marine broadcast system under the Global Maritime GOOS was of considerable importance to WMO and to Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) (forming a part of NMHSs, in view of the need for enhanced ocean data to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea support meteorological and oceanographic services and (SOLAS)) had been implemented, as planned, as from global climate studies, and also because of their existing 1 January 1992. Details of the system were formally experience ,and facilities in this field. The Association adopted by the eleventh session of the Commission for ' therefore adopted Resolution 10 (XII-RA I) on the subject. Marine Meteorology (CMM) and approved by the forty 7.4.8 The Association agreed that VOS, the Integrated fifth session of the Executive Council as part of the Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS) ships-of-opportuni Manual on Marine Meteorological Services (WMO-No. 558). ty (SOO), the IGOSS sea-level programme, the Automated The Association noted with satisfaction that meteoro Shipboard Aerological Programme (ASAP) and ocean data logical services through SafetyNET for the five Metareas buoys and oceanographic satellites formed key compo covering the Region were operational, and expressed its nents of both existing and future ocean observing systems considerable appreciation to all the NMSs concerned and contributed directly to GOOSand GCOS. It therefore (France, Greece, India, Mauritius, Pakistan and South agreed on the importance of continued support by Africa). At the same time, it recognized the need to con Members of the Association for those activities. The tinuallyreview these services, including in particular the Association in particular urged its Members to: views of users, and therefore urged Members in the (a) Recruit more ships to the VOS programme, improve Region operating VOSs to participate actively in the var data quality and timeliness, strengthen their Port ious marine meteorological services monitoring Meteorological Officers (PMO) networks, and par exercises being undertaken. Because of the importance ticipate where possible in the ASAP programme and of marine services to many members of the region, the the work of the ASAP Coordinating Committee; Association requested that CMM consider possible train (b) Participate whenever possible in the implementa ing on cost recovery of marine services. tion and long-term maintenance of the operational 7.4.4 The Association noted with interest that a IGOSS/SOO programme plan; and new, globally coordinated Marine Pollution Emergency (c) Develop and operate drifting buoy programmes in Response Support System (MPERSS) had been adopted data-sparse ocean areas and participate in the work by CMM-XI and, with the approval of the forty-fifth ses of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP) and its sion of the Executive Council (Geneva, June 1993), regional action groups, such as the International implemented on a trial basis as from 1 January 1994. South Atlantic Buoy Programme (ISABP) and the The Association urged Members with agreed responsibil International Buoy Programme in the Indian Ocean ities under the MPERSS to make every effort to (IEPIO). GENERAL SUMMARY 29

7.4.9 The Association noted the important contri celebrations throughout the remainder of the year, as a bution of drifting buoys to the observational datasets in means of further promoting and publicizing the both the eastern and western Indian Ocean and involvement of NMSs in marine activities. expressed its appreciation to the United States, South Africa and France for their efforts in the deployment and 8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER REsOURCES operation of the buoys. PROGRAMME (HWRP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS, 7.4.10 The Association noted that the satellite system INCLUDING THE REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF of the International Maritime Satellite Organization THE WORKING GROUP (agenda item 8) (lNMARSAT), as well as being a key element in GMDSS and, thus, in the new WMO marine broadcast system, was WORKING GROUP ON HYDROLOGY (WGH) also the primary means for transmitting meteorological 8.1 The Association noted with appreciation the and oceanographic reports from the WMO/VOS and report of the chairman of WGH, Mr M. Sakho (Cote IGOSSjSOO from ship to shore. The Association agreed d'Ivoire). It noted that the emphasis on the activities of that continuing efforts were required to ensure that the WGH had been given to the follow-up on the recom most efficient and cost-effective use was made of mendations of the African Conference on Water INMARSAT, for the benefit of all Members. It therefore Resources: Policy and Assessment (AddiS Ababa, March decided to keep in force Resolution 15 (XI-RA I) on the 1995). For that purpose, five subregions were identified subject. which were coincident with the economic groupings on the continent, namely SADC, the Intergovernmental PROGRAMME SUPPORT ACTIVITIES Authority on Development (lGAD), ECOWAS, the 7.4.11 The Association agreed that specialized semi Economic Community of the Central African States nars, workshops and similar events were of considerable (ECCAS) and the Arab Maghrab Union (UMA). For each value to Members involved in the operation of marine of these subregions a rapporteur was deSignated to pro observing systems and in the provision of marine servic mote and coordinate activities. The rapporteurs es, and should be continued. It requested its Members to designated for the five subregions were respectively, consider the possibilities for hosting such activities in Messrs F. W. M. Masanja (United Republic of Tanzania), the future. In this regard the Association noted the coop E. Dribidu (Uganda), J. Wellens-Mensah (Ghana), J. M. eration among Members, and the offer to host a course Ossete (Congo) and D. Latrech (Algeria). on human resource development related to marine 8.2 The Association noted that the participation of meteorology beginning in 1999 at EAMAC. the chairman and rapporteurs of the WGH in the African 7.4.12 The Association noted with appreCiation that conference provided the opportunity to hold a meeting a number of experts from the Region had partiCipated in immediately following the conference (Addis Ababa, two international workshops on numerical wave analy 26 to 27 March 1995) so as to develop proposals for sis and forecasting (Boulder, Colorado, United States, implementing the recommendations of the conference. November 1995 and Miami, United States, April-May These proposals included the establishment of five sub 1997). It further recognized the value to Members of regional Steering Committees (SCs) for the subregions CMM of the full day of scientific lectures, on the theme identified in paragraph 8.1 above, and the convening of of marine pollution, which took place at CMM-XII one meeting of each SC to develop an operational plan (Havana, March 1997). for each subregion. With the approval of the president of 7.4.13 The Association noted with appreciation the RA I, the five SCs were established. However, due to initiative taken to develop, jointly with IOC, a Western budget constraints separate meetings of the SCs could Indian Ocean Marine Applications Project (WIOMAP), not have been held as proposed, but these were held in for the cooperative development and enhancement of conjunction with the session of the RA I WGH (see para marine observing systems, data exchange and services in graph 8.4 below). the Western Indian Ocean. It strongly supported the 8.3 With regard to the Southern African subre project concept, and expressed its thanks to Mauritius gion, the Association noted that SADC had created a for hosting the first planning meeting and for its active Water Sector and had established a Water Resources promotion of the project. In this respect the Association Technical Committee (WRTC) as an advisory body. noted with appreciation that both Southern African Furthermore, it was pleased to note that the recom Transport and Communications Commission (SATCC) mendations of the Addis Ababa conference had been and Indian Ocean Commission secretariats would coop adequately incorporated in the Regional Strategic erate to develop a full project document. It further noted Action Plan for Integrated Water Resources Development with appreCiation the proposal to include a revised and Management in the SADC countries (1999-2004) to approach to the Nairobi course concept, based on dis be implemented by SADC. The need for collaboration tance learning techniques, as an integral part of the between the RA I WGH and the WRTC was emphasized. project, and expressed the hope that funding would be 8.4 The Association was pleased to note that a provided in the near future. very successful seventh session of WGH was held in 7.4.14 Finally, the Association recalled that 1998 was Lilongwe, Malawi 30 June to 4 July 1998. The session the International Year of the Ocean, and urged all its was structured so as to allow parallel meetings of the Members to continue to take an active part in subregional Steering Committees to be held. It was 30 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I attended by.27 participants from 22 Member countries The Association urged Members who had not yet done and six regional and international organizations. The so to designate HAs, so as to strengthen the links WGH session was immediately followed by a Workshop between Meteorological and Hydrological Services. on Water Resources Assessment - Evaluation of 8.11 The Association noted the report of the chair National Capabilities, held at the same location from man of the RA I WGH on the activities undertaken by 6 to 9 July for the countries of the Southern African him in his capacity as RHA. It welcomed, in particular, subregion (see paragraph 8.20 below). his participation in the sessions of the Executive Council. 8.5 The Association noted the programme of In accordance with the WMO General Regulation 167, future activities in the field of hydrology and water the Association, by its Resolution 11 (XII-RA I), designat resources proposed by the working group. It noted that ed the chairman of the RA I WGH as the RHA. this was largely a continuation of the work initiated in the previous intersessional period in implementing the DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF CHy-X CONCERNING recommendations of the African Conference on Water REGIONAL ACTIVITIES Resources. In addition, it noted that a number of impor 8.12 The Association noted with appreciation the tant case studies had also been proposed. number of Members of the Region who were represented 8.6 The Association welcomed the report on the at the last session of CHy (Koblenz, December 1996), as "State-of-the-Art Estimation of Rainfall using Radar and well as the number of experts from the Region nominat Satellite Techniques" which had been prepared by ed by CHy-X in the working groups. The Association was Mr M. Ouaar (Algeria). It recognized that the subject was pleased to note that the terms of reference of the vice of much interest to the countries of the Region, and president of the Commission included regional affairs expressed its appreciation for the work carried out by the and liaison with the regional associations' WGHs. Secretariat of the Lake Chad Basin Commission in trans 8.13 The Association was informed of matters dis lating the draft report into English. It recommended that cussed at CHy-X which were of regional interest. It the report, once finalized on the basis of comments from noted in particular the Commission's concern at the low the countries, be distributed to all Members of RA I. participation of hydrologists at sessions of the regional 8.7 On the basis of the discussions, and taking associations. CHy had recognized the lack of funding into consideration the decisions of Twelfth Congress, and, in some cases, insufficient communication between Commission for Hydrology (CHy)-X, and the African the Permanent Representatives and their HAs as two of Conference on Water Resources, the Association adopt the causes of low participation. It appealed to Members ed Resolution 11 (XII-RA I) re-establishing the Working to endeavour to provide funding for HAs or their repre Group on Hydrology with a core of six members and five sentatives to participate in regional association sessions subregional Steering Committees. and to Permanent Representatives to establish regular 8.8 The Association requested that at least one communication with their HAs. The Commission also meeting of each subregional Steering Committee and of considered ways and means for the regional associations the core membership be arranged during the next inter WGH to assist in the tasks of the Commission and had sessional period and that financial support be provided proposed a number of areas where cooperation in hydro by WMO for this purpose. It further requested the WMO logical and water resources activities at the regional level Secretariat to provide the necessary support to ensure would be beneficial. the accomplishment of the work of the group. OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY PROGRAMME (OHP) - BASIC WMO LONG-TERM PLAN SYSTEMS 8.9 The Association was pleased to note that, in general, the needs of Members of the Region were ade WHYCOS quately reflected in the priority activities of the WMO in 8.14 The Association was informed of the status of hydrology and water resources given in the WMO Fourth the WHY COS programme. It noted that the programme Long-term Plan (4LTP). It appreCiated that a number of was being developed through regional components new areas of interest to the Region were also taken into (HYCOSs) independently implemented according to the account in preparing the draft proposals for WMO Fifth requirements and priorities of the various Regions, but Long-term Plan (5LTP). within the Gammon WHYCOS framework. The Association was pleased to note the status of the imple INSTITUTIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN NATIONAL mentation of the various HYCOS components in the HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES AND BETWEEN HYDROLOGICAL Region. It noted in particular that MED-HYCOS AND METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES (Mediterranean basin) and SADC-HYCOS (Southern 8.10 The Association was pleased to note that the Africa) were being implemented and that AOC-HYCOS important roles of Hydrological Advisers (HAs) to the (West and Central Africa), Congo-HYCOS (Congo basin) Permanent Representatives and of the Regional and IGAD-HYCOS (East Africa) were at various stages of Hydrological Adviser (RHA) to the president of the development. The Association recognized that the vari Regional Association had been recognized by Twelfth ous HYCOS projects were being developed and Congress. In this connection, it noted that as of August implemented with the generous support of a number of 1998,44 of the 56 Members ofRA Ihad deSignated HAs. external support agenCies. It expressed its appreciation, GENERAL SUMMARY 31 in particular, to the World Bank, the European Hydrological Information Referral Service - INFOHYDRO Commission and the French Ministry of Cooperation for Manual (WMO-No. 683) in 1995. The INFO HYDRO data their support, and requested the Secretariat to continue base was maintained and continuously updated in the its efforts to implement the various projects in collabo WMO Secretariat. The Association requested Members to ration with the economic groupings in the region. (A cooperate with the Secretariat in its efforts to keep the proposal for a HYCOS project covering the countries of Manual complete and up to date, and in particular urged the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) is reported in para those Members who had not yet done so to provide and graph 10.13.) update the information. 8.1S The Association was pleased to note that, on the recommendation of CHy-X, the Secretary-General WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT (WRA) had set up a WHYCOS coordination mechanism to 8.20 The Association was informed about the ensure successful implementation of the WHY COS pro "Water Resources Assessment - Handbook for the gramme. For this purpose, two bodies were established: Review of National Capabilities", which was prepared the WHYCOS Coordination Group (WCG), to link the jointly by WMO and the United Nations Education, inputs of the various departments of the WMO Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The Secretariat; and the WHYCOS International Advisory English version was published in 1997, and translations Group (WIAG), to provide an operational linkage among into French, Spanish and Russian were underway. The the various HYCOS components and to coordinate all Association welcomed the initiative of WMO to promote technical aspects of the programme. These bodies were the use of the Handbook by means of a series of region expected to meet at six-month intervals. al and subregional training workshops. The first such workshop was held in Lilongwe, Malawi from 6 to 9 July GUIDE TO HYDROLOGICAL PRACTICES 1998, for the countries of the Southern African subre 8.16 The Association noted that the fifth edition of gion, immediately following the RA I WGH session. The the WMO Guide to Hydrological Practices (WMO-No. 168) Workshop was a good example of collaboration in the was available in English, French, Russian and Spanish. A field of hydrology between RA I and CHy, as it involved number of proposals were under consideration by CHy three experts of the CHy Working Group on Basic aimed at making the Guide more readily accessible to the Systems as the main resource persons. The Association hydrological community, including electronic versions recommended that similar workshops be organized in on diskettes and on the Internet. the other African subregions.

TECHNICAL REGULATIONS OHP - ApPLICATIONS AND ENVIRONMENT 8.17 The Association noted that amendments to 8.21 The Association was informed of the Second the Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49), Volume III per International Conference on Climate and Water, which taining to the "functions and responsibilities of national was held in Espoo, Finland from 17 to 22 August 1998. Hydrological Services" (Chapter [D.l.n Section 8) and The Conference was organized by the Helsinki on "Safety procedures" (Chapter [D.1.2], Section 5) had University of Technology, WMO, UNESCO and other been approved by Twelfth Congress and had been issued international organizations. It welcomed the support in April 1996 as Supplement No. 2 to the Technical provided by WMO that ensured the participation of a Regulations in English, French, Russian and Spanish. number of African experts. 8.22 The Association noted that Twelfth Congress HYDROLOGICAL OPERATIONAL MULTIPURPOSE SYSTEM had endorsed a call by CHy for Members to support the (HOMS) Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) in view of the 8.18 The Association was informed of develop increasingly important role that it was being called upon ments concerning the Hydrological Operational to play in studies of global change and in the assessment Multipurpose System (HOMS). An electronic version of of the world's water resources. In this regard, it was rec the HOMS Reference Manual (HRM) had been developed ognized that the more comprehensive the coverage over and broadly distributed to the HOMS National Reference the Region, the more successful were likely to be the Centres (HNRCs). The HRM had also been made avail efforts of those who studied and modelled climatologi able on the WMO World Wide Web server since cal and hydrological regimes, success in this being of mid-1995 at the address http://www.wmo.ch/web/ great potential value to all countries in the Region. The homs/homspl.hmtl. It was decided to make this Association was pleased to note that 40 of its Members Internet version a permanent feature. The Association had contributed data from 740 stations to the Centre. It also felt that the needs of the Region were adequately urged Members to continue and to expand the supply of reflected in the Implementation Plan of HOMS: data to the GRDC on a regular basis. 1997-2001, adopted by CHy-X. OTHER WATER-RELATED ISSUES HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION REFERRAL SERVICE (INFOHYDRO) WORLD DAY FOR WATER 8.19 The Association noted that the second edition 8.23 The Association was informed that the themes of the INFO HYDRO Manual had been published as for the World Day for Water for the next three years 32 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

would be as follows: "Everyone Lives Downstream" Association recognized the difficulty in obtaining ade (1999); "Water for Health" (2000); and "Water for the quate re~ources to maintain this course and appreciated

Twenty-first Century II (2001). It noted that appropriate the efforts made by the management of the Institute in publicity material was prepared for this purpose as a col this connection. The support from the International laborative effort of the United Nations agencies and Institute for Infrastructural, Hydraulic and Environ given wide distribution. Members were urged to make mental Engineering (IHE) (Netherlands) and the Federal use of this material for national celebrations of the day. Institute of Hydrology (Germany) was gratefully acknowledged. The Association also recognized the need EXCHANGE OF HYDROLOGICAL DATA for specialized training in applied hydrology, and there 8.24 The Association was informed of the work fore the continuing value of the post-graduate course on undertaken by CHy concerning the international Water Resources Engineering at the University of Dar-es exchange of hydrological data. It took note of the draft Salaam. resolution on the exchange of hydrological data pre 8.29 Also on the question of training, the pared by CHy-X that was being revised to take account Association reiterated the value of hydrological techni of comments by the Executive Council before its sub cian training, and noted with concern the absence of mission to Thirteenth Congress. adequate facilities in the region for this purpose. It fur ther noted that training institutions in such countries as TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND TRAINING South Africa and Niger were open to nationals from other 8.25 The Association noted that training projects Member countries. It was recognized that the hydrologi in operational hydrology constituted a major part of cal training programme at the AGRHYMET Centre in WMO's technical assistance to Members. This support Niamey was experiencing some difficulty, and according was closely coordinated with HOMS in such a way that ly the WMO Secretariat was requested to assist in appropriate technology available at Hydrological reactivating this programme. The Association welcomed Services of Members was transferred at minimum South Africa's offer to consider a request from WMO to expense to Members carrying out development projects. open its hydrology training institution to other The Association further noted that most of WMO's tech Anglophone countries in the Region. It therefore recom nical assistance in Africa in hydrology and water mended that the WMO Secretariat take appropriate steps resources was channelled through the WHY COS projects to deSignate, initially, two existing hydrological training as discussed in paragraph 8.14 above. The Association institutions as regional training institutions - one each was pleased to note WMO's collaboration with the for the Anglophone and the Francophone Member coun World Bank in reviewing the hydrological networks and tries. database of the Rufiji and Pangani River basins in Tanzania. The Association noted that hydrological COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS observation networks in the region continued to deteri 8.30 The Association noted that WMO had colla orate and called on the Secretariat to increase its efforts borated with a number of regional and international to assist Members in this area. bodies in carrying out various water-related activities in 8.26 The Association noted that WMO's VCP had the Region, in particular with UNESCO on Water been extended so that it provided support to activities in Resources Assessment, with the Economic Commission HWRP. Hydrological Services were invited to formulate for Africa (ECA) on the follow-up to the African proposals for. assistance in the fields of hydrology and Conference on Water Resources, and with UNEP on the water resources. It further noted that some limited funds United Nations Secretary System-wide Special Initiative might be available to support expert services for periods on Africa (UNSIA), of which freshwater was one of the of eight to ten days. priority activities. 8.27 The Association noted the concern expressed by the WGH about the need to assist countries whose his 9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME torical hydrological data were at a very high risk of being (ETRP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS, INCLUDING lost through destruction by pests and fire and other haz THE REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE ards. It endorsed the WGH proposal for a hydrological WORKING GROUP (agenda item 9) data rescue pilot study to be carried aut to train national staff in converting their databases into electronic form. It GENERAL also recommended that the study be considered for sup 9.1 The Association reviewed the information on port under VCP, noting that Ghana and Togo had already the implementation of ETRP in the Region since its last drafted VCP requests for this purpose. session. In noting with appreciation the progress 8.28 The Association noted with satisfaction WMO achieved and the assistance provided to Members in support to the Institute for Meteorological Training and developing their human resources, the Association Research in Kenya in organizing the nine-month stressed that education and training were fundamental International Postgraduate Course on Applied Hydrology to all other activities of WMO and continued to be of and Information Systems for Water Management. This great importance to Members in meeting their increas . course had been an annual feature since 1991 with the ing responsibilities under the various programmes of the next course scheduled to begin in March 1999. The Organization. GENERAL SUMMARY 33

9.2 The Association noted the report of the instructors and trainers in particular on modern tech Chairman of the Working Group on Education, Training niques and requested the Secretariat to organize two and Research. It decided to deSignate two Rapporteurs more training seminars for national instructors during on Education and Training, and accordingly adopted its twelfth inter-sessional period. Resolution 12 (XII-RA I). 9.8 The Association noted the list of training events planned to be organized by WMO during 1999. LONG-TERM PLANNING As indicated in the 1994 survey of Members' training 9.3 The Association noted that the draft Fifth needs, the Association agreed that group training events WMO Long-term Plan (5LTP) had been circulated to for the next intersessional period should be organized Members and that the comments received were reviewed on the following priority subjects: Information by the Executive Council for submission to Thirteenth Technology (IT), NWP products, marine meteorology, Congress. The Association urged its Members to carry tropical cyclone, maintenance of electronic eqUipment, out the roles which were defined for their implementa agrometeorology, climatology, aeronautical meteorolo tion and execution under the various ETRP's projects gy, new techniques in hydrological observation, data and activities. processing, instrumentation, satellite meteorology and commercialization, and marketing of meteorological EXECUTIVE COUNCIL PANEL OF EXPERTS ON EDUCATION AND products. TRAINING 9.9 The Association further agreed that there was 9.4 The Association noted the views and recom an urgent need to organize a training workshop on the mendations of the Executive Council Panel of Experts use of IT facilities and services in enhancing the produc on Education and Training on the activities of the WMO tivity of meteorological activities and operations in the regional associations in the fields of education and train Region, and requested the Secretariat to arrange for the ing, and arranged for the terms of reference of its two organization of such a workshop during 1999. rapporteurs on education and training to adhere to the 9.10 The Association noted with satisfaction that gUidelines endorsed by the forty-ninth session of the the RSMC in Miami, United States was planning to Executive Council (Geneva, June 1996). organize a training session on tropical meteorology in the year 2000. The Association also noted with appreci TRAINING ACTIVITIES FOR HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ation that the NOAA-National Weather Service (NWS) 9.5 The Association reaffirmed the importance of and the Cooperative Programme for. Operational the human resources development programme in assist Meteorology Education and Training (COMET) ing NMHSs, particularly in developing countries, to plan Programme provided some Members of the Association and mobilize financial and other resources to meet with copies of computer-based training modules on fire Members' training needs. In this respect, the Association weather and basic hydrology. noted with appreciation that the WMO Secretariat had 9.11 The Association noted with satisfaction that undertaken during 1998 the fourth worldwide survey on the quadrennial WMO Symposium on Education and current and future training requirements of Members. Training was successfully held in Toulouse, France, from The Association felt that the results of the survey would 24 to 28 July 1995. It also noted that the results of the constitute a useful source of information for a number of Symposium were useful in identifying the type and level users, and would be a basis for improvements in the of professional meteorologists and hydrologists needed ETRP. It accordingly requested the Secretariat to provide to meet the future demands of society in the years the results of the survey to relevant WMO bodies and, beyond 2000. The Association therefore urged its on request, to interested WMO Member countries. Members to partiCipate actively in the next Symposium 9.6 The Association noted that since its last ses planned for 1999. sion, the WMO Secretariat had organized and/or 9.12 The Association noted with appreciation the participated in the organization of 43 training events of kind offer of the Government of Portugal to host the interest to the Association. The Members of the RA I Training Seminar on Strategy for Technological Association also had the opportunity to benefit from Changes, especially in Satellite Systems and Telecom training events organized and hosted by national or munication Services in Lisbon, Portugal, during the first international institutions in other Regions, with WMO half of 1999. acting as co-sponsor or providing partial financial sup 9.13 The Association also noted with appreciation port. The Association expressed its gratitude to those of that the WMO Secretariat was arranging the revision of its Members, as well as to Members from other Regions, the current four-tier classification of meteorological and who had made their national training facilities available hydrological personnel and also the education and for the training of meteorological and hydrological per training curricula given in Guidelines for the education and sonnel of the Region. training of personnel in meteorology and operational hydrol 9.7 The Association noted that two WMO ogy (WMO-No. 258). Training Seminars for National Instructors were success 9.14 The Association noted with appreciation the fully held in French in Niamey, Niger during 1997 and training publicatiOns that had been prepared and issued in English in Nairobi, Kenya during 1998. The by the Secretariat since its last session. The Association Association stressed the importance of training national requested the Secretary-General to continue the 34 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I preparation and publication of relevant training urged the RMTCs to review their training activities in materials of interest to its Members. Taking into account order to make them more relevant to the current and the limited budgetary provisions for this purpose, the future needs in the Region, particularly as regards the Association urged its Members to continue to support applications of new technology. those activities, as far as possible. 9.19 The Association also noted with appreciation 9.15 The Association also noted that the WMO that the forty-sixth session of the Executive Council mandatory publication Compendium of training facilities for (Geneva, June 1994) recognized the Department of meteorology and operational hydrology (WMO-No. 240) had Meteorology of the Federal University of Technology in been revised and a new loose-leaf edition of the publica Akure as the university component of the WMO RMTC tion was issued and distributed to Members in 1997. It also in Lagos, Nigeria for the training of Class I meteorologi noted that the infonnation contained in that publication cal personnel. The Class I meteorological courses was computerized and the database was available on available at the Federal University of Technology in diskette. Members were accordingly urged to take advan Akure included post-graduate diploma, B.Sc., M.Sc and tage of this publication and to submit new infonnation on Ph.D courses in general meteorology, agrometeorology their training programmes to the WMO Secretariat so that and pollution meteorology. The RMTC in Lagos contin this publication could be kept up to date. ued to offer comprehensive courses for Class II, Class III 9.16 The Association noted that, since its last ses and Class IV meteorological personnel. sion, the training materials available in the WMO 9.20 The Association noted that the RMTC in Lagos Training Library had been increased and that arrange had successfully organized two three-week specialized ments were being made for the Training Library to act as courses in agrometeorology for the countries of the an exchange forum for audiovisual and CAL materials. ECOWAS subregion, in collaboration with the State of The Association invited Members who produced train Israel and WMO in May 1997 and May 1998, respectively. ing materials in meteorology, operational hydrology and The course was developed to run in two modules, one in related fields to provide the WMO Training Library with English in Lagos, the second in French in Niamey. The copies which could be of use in the training activities of advantage of this course was that crops indigenous to the other Members of the Organization. It urged its subregion and the ecosystems were used during the course Members to continue to make use of the facilities and instead of the high-latitude crops and case studies. holdings of the Training Library in their training pro 9.21 The Association noted with appreciation that grammes. The Association further noted that the WMO the training facilities at the Ecole National de ETRP page of the WMO Web site contained links to sites l'Enseignement Aeronautique et de la Meteorologie where training material was available. (ENEAM) in Madagascar proved useful to African coun tries for the training of their meteorological personnel at REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TRAINING CENTRES (RMTCs) the Class II, Class III and Class IV levels. The Association, 9.17 The Association noted that the network of therefore, recommended that the Executive Council rec WMO RMTCs in the Region continued to carry out sat ognize the ENEAM as a second component of the RMTC isfactorily their· routine training programmes and to in Madagascar in addition to the Ecole Superieure organize specialized courses in response to the needs of Poly technique d'Antananarive (SPA) which provided Members in the Region. It also noted the assistance pro training at the Class I and Class II levels only. vided by the Secretariat to the Centres, and expressed 9.22 The Association noted an informal meeting of the hope that developed countries would continue to Principals and Representatives of RMTCs in RA I, which offer expert assistance and hardware to the Centres to took place in Casablanca, Morocco on 21 and 22 help them cope with technological advances in the November 1996 as a side activity during the Fifth training process. The Association urged its Members to Technical Conference on Management for Development support the process of monitoring activities of RMTCs of Meteorological Services in Africa. The Association approved by the fiftieth session of the Executive Council therefore recommended that similar meetings be organ (Geneva, June 1998). This process included self-assess ized in connection with other relevant WMO meetings ments and self-evaluations by the respective RMTCs in the Region. themselves as well as visits by review and evaluation 9.23 The Association further recommended that teams. The objective of this exercise was to support and for the RMTC's network in the RegIon to become more assist the respective RMTCs in enhancing the quantity efficient and focussed on the highest priority needs of and range of their training. The Association also request the meteorological . community, Members hosting ed the Secretariat to study the need for the designation RMTCs should make every effort towards bearing the of a new RMTC to address the training needs of the responsibilities and obligations in accordance with the countries in central Africa. criteria laid down by the Executive Council for the des 9.18 The Association noted that there was inade ignation of WMO RMTCs. quate coordination and consultation between RMTCs in 9.24 The Association noted with appreciation the the region with regard to their training activities. It involvement of Germany, Kenya, Niger, the United urged the directors of these centres to make every effort States and EUMETSAT in WMO's strategy for satellite to ensure that their training activities were harmonized education and training in Africa. It particularly noted through regular consultations. The Association further the development of the first CAL modules on satellite GENERAL SUMMARY 3S meteorology (ASMET 1 and ASMET 2) in the Region, Association also noted with appreciation that Morocco within the framework of ASMET (African Satellite was planning to offer the Members of the Association Meteorology Education and Training) project. The long-term VCP fellowships for studies in meteorology in Association agreed that other modules combining the Morocco. use of conventional and satellite data should be pro 9.31 The Association noted with appreCiation that duced for the benefit of the NMHSs in the Region. the post-graduate diploma course in hydrology had been 9.25 The Association noted with satisfaction the organized at the RMTC in Nairobi by the authorities of designation of EAMAC and the Institute for Kenya for the benefit of the Members of the Association Meteorological Training and Research (lMTR) (Nairobi, each year since 1991. The Association urged its Members Kenya) as Specialized Training Centres in Satellite to make use of that valuable course. The Association Meteorology in the Region. The Association noted with requested the WMO Secretariat to identify and develop appreciation that EUMETSAT and WMO had organized additional post-graduate training courses in hydrology, two training courses on the use of satellite meteorology as well as hydrological technician training courses in the at each of these centres. Taking into account the ongo region, and to provide more WMO fellowships for these ing plans by EUMETSAT leading to the transition to courses. MSG satellites, the Association invited EUMETSAT to 9.32 The Association agreed that training in WMO continue with its training activities at the two centres. RMTCs tended to be more cost-effective, more relevant 9.26 The Association noted with satisfaction that and of more direct benefits than training offered else the diplomas delivered by EAMAC and AGRHYMET in where. Therefore, it urged its Members to make, as far as Niamey, Niger had been recognized by the Conseil pOSSible, more use of the training opportunities offered Africain et Malgache de l'Enseignement Superieur by the RMTCs, and requested the Secretary-General to (CAMES). The Association noted with satisfaction the give more priority to the respective RMTCs in the place support provided by France to these two RMTCs in ment of fellows and in the awarding of fellowships. The Niger. Association also urged VCP donor Members to provide more VCP fellowships for training in the RMTCs and/or EDUCATION AND TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS other training institutions in the candidates' own 9.27 The Association noted with satisfaction that Region, if so requested. since its last session more than SOO fellowships consist 9.33 The Association noted with satisfaction ing of about 4400 man-months had been awarded to the successful implementation of the cost-sharing tri Members of the Association under the various WMO partite fellowship arrangements, in particular in Technical Cooperation Programmes, including UNDP, the RMTCs, and requested its Members and the the WMO VCP, Trust Fund projects and the WMO Secretariat to continue and further promote the imple Regular Budget (RB). Additional fellowships were award mentation of these arrangements for the benefit of all ed to Members of the Association on a bilateral basis by concerned. other donor Members such as Australia and Canada. 9.34 Noting with appreciation that the Secretariat 9.28 While noting that fellowships continued to be had continued its efforts to increase the traditional fel a very effective way of assisting its Members with their lowship resources, the Association requested the training requirements, the Association considered with Secretariat to continue its endeavours by exploring addi concern the increasing gap between fellowship require tional extrabudgetary resources and new potential ments and the limited fellowship resources. In view of sources of funding for the fellowship programme. the rising costs of fellowships, the diminishing tradi tional fellowship financial resources, in particular the 10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION (TCO) UNDP, and the increasing requirements for fellowships, PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda the Association recommended to Thirteenth Congress to item 10) substantially increase the allocation of funds from the 10.1 The Association noted with satisfaction the Regular Budget for the fellowships programme during information submitted by the Secretary-General on the the thirteenth financial period. technical cooperation activities carried out in the Region 9.29 The Association considered the study tours on since the eleventh session and expressed its thanks to the management of Meteorological Services for newly the donor community as well as to Members for the sup appointed directors of NMHSs to be most effective and port provided. The Association reviewed the progress useful and requested the Secretariat to arrange for the made on the implementation of the Programme, and organization of more such tours in the future. examined future perspectives for the development and 9.30 The Association noted with appreciation that implementation of national and regional programmes the VCP donor Members, namely China, Egypt, France, and projects of interest to the Region. India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Kenya, Nigeria, Norway, 10.2 The Association reiterated the importance of Philippines, Portugal, Spain, Russian Federation, United the TCO Programme for developing countries in general Kingdom and the United States continued to provide and for countries in the Region in particular, and was VCP fellowships to the Members of the Association and pleased to note that Congress had reaffirmed the appealed to other donor Members who had not yet con Programme as one of the essential Programmes of the tributed to the fellowship programme to do so. The Organization. It also recalled that Twelfth Congress had 36 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

agreed to the provision of core staff within the regular socio-economic sectors such as agriculture, transport, budget to ensure that the core activities of the tourism and for natural resources management. The Programme were implemented. The Association also Association also requested Members to participate in noted with satisfaction that the Secretary-General had these efforts through the relevant bodies of UNDP and taken actions to harmonize the functions of Regional GEE Offices with those of the TCO Department. In that 10.6 The Association was pleased to note the con regard he adjusted the function of the Regional Office tinuing contribution of YCP and the WMO Regular for Africa and established Subregional Offices in Lagos, Budget to the development of NMHSs in the Region Nigeria (Central northern and Western Africa) and in through the provision of fellowships and urgently need Nairobi, Kenya (Eastern and Southern Africa). The estab ed instruments, spare parts and consumables. The lishment of these Subregional Offices would enhance Association expressed its appreciation to donors to YCP. technical cooperation activities and bring the The Association urged Members, particularly donors, to Organization close to its Members. In this respect, the continue their active participation in this Programme. Association noted that there was a need for adequate 10.7 The Association recognized the increasingly funding to be made available for the TCO Department important role being played by Trust Funds in the deliv and the Regional and Subregional Offices to ensure their ery of technical assistance to Members. In particular, it full effectiveness and efficiency. noted that Trust Funds had become the major source of 10.3 With regard to the support from various funding for the development of NMHSs in the Region. sources, the Association noted with concern that there The Association encouraged more support and use of had been a substantial decline in funding of meteorolo these funding arrangements. The Association expressed gy and operational hydrology projects in the Region. its appreciation to donors under this arrangement. These This was essentially due to reduced contributions by donors supported major national and regional pro donors and the introduction by UNDP of new program grammes such as AGRHYMET, ACMAD, DMCs, pilot ming arrangements in January 1997, under which only projects in agrometeorology as well as hydrology and four priority areas were identified: poverty elimination, water resources (HYCOS Components) and tropical job creation, environment regeneration and advance cyclone projects. ment of women. In addition, modalities for 10.8 The Association noted with satisfaction that programming and execution had also changed. The in addition to the efforts of the Secretary-General to find Association emphasized the necessity for NMHSs to take new and additional resources, the World Bank, the the lead in defining their development requirements, to African Development Bank, the European Union, the convince their governments to give priority to these Ministry of French Cooperation, the United States requirements, and to submit their requests through Agency for International Development (USAID), and appropriate government channels. In this respect, the others had begun providing funding to meteorological Association stressed the importance of NMHSs demon and hydrological projects such as MED-HYCOS, SADC strating in practical terms how their products and HYCOS, IGAD-HYCOS, AOC-HYCOS, CONGO-HYCOS, services contributed to the sustainable development of and the DMCs' activities related to seasonal forecasts. their countries, particularly to food security, availability The Association was pleased to note that the World Bank of water, health, environment protection and conserva expressed interest in supporting meteorological activi tion, transportation, social development, etc. ties related to sustainable development activities of the 10.4 The Association noted with satisfaction that a countries. It requested the Secretary-General to continue number of sectoral support missions had been carried strengthening WMO's cooperation with the World Bank out to the Region during the period, and that these had and regional development banks, and to explore further resulted in the preparation of specific project proposals. possibilities of assistance from the private sector, includ In that regard, the Association also noted that under the ing multinational firms. new programming arrangements, there would be no spe 10.9 The Association noted that the United cific allocation to small United Nations agencies for Nations had established the United Nations Fund for sectoral support missions, but that these funds would be International Partnerships (UNFIP) in relation with the available with local UNDP Offices. The Association, United Nations Foundation, known as the Turner Fund, therefore, urged Members to maintain closer liaison and that project proposals concerning climate change with UNDP Resident Representatives in their countries, and environment could be submitted to this Fund. The as well as the relevant government authorities to ensure Association requested the Secretary-General to continue that they were able to access these funds. trying to tap resources from UNFIP and encouraged 10.5 In view of the above and considering that Members to prepare and submit, through local UNDP NMHSs continued to encounter difficulties in obtaining Offices, relevant proposals. support from the Global Environment Fund (GEF), 10.10 The Association noted the cost-effectiveness of which was also under UNDP's management, the the Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries Association requested the Secretary-General to continue (TCDC) scheme as a means of promoting and strength his efforts in convincing UNDP authorities of the rele ening collective self-reliance and international vance and importance of meteorological and cooperation. The Association expressed its gratitude to hydrological data, information and products for major the Members who partiCipated in TCDC activities and GENERAL SUMMARY 37 urged them to take an active part in this important activ (g) Developing adequate, human resources through ity. In this regard, the Association expressed its training and specialization; and appreciation to the China Meteorological Administration (h) Supporting the NlvIHSs in their development and for organizing a study tour to China in August 1995 for adaptation to the new economic environment. several members of the Region, within the framework of VCP. The Association recognized the need to strengthen 11. INFORMATION AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS (IPA) cooperation among countries in the Region, and noted PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda that several opportunities for bilateral and multilateral item 11) cooperation already existed. It encouraged Members to 11.1 The Association expressed its appreciation for enhance their relations so as to address problems within the work done by the IPA Programme, and reaffirmed its the Region in a most cost-effective manner. The importance in the successful implementation of WMO's Association requested the Secretary-General to assist scientific and technical programmes and its role in Members in carrying out TCDC activities. It also encour enhancing public awareness of the valuable contribu aged Members to provide to the WMO Secretariat, as tions being made by WMO and the NMHSs in the requested by Congress, information and statistics on Region. It also noted that similar programmes were bilateral and multilateral cooperation activities. being developed within the framework of the PWS 10.11 The Association expressed its appreciation for Programme (see item 7.1). In this regard, the Association the support being provided to the Region in the area of requested the Secretary-General to develop a synergy capacity building, especially to regional centres such as and complementary relationship between the two pro the AGRHYMET Centre, the DMCs and ACMAD, and grammes. requested that efforts be pursued to strengthen these 11.2 The Association expressed its appreciation for facilities and ensure their sustain ability with support the capacity-building initiatives that were undertaken to from WMO, donors and the relevant regional and improve the communication and public information subregional organizations such as ECOWAS, the Inter skills of Members. It commended the Secretary-General State Committee on Drought Control in the Sahel for the successful organization of a Media Training (CILSS), IGAD and SADC. Workshop for Arabic-speaking countries in Cairo, Egypt 10.12 The Association also noted with satisfaction from 18 to 30 April 1998. With the kind support of the the support being provided within the framework of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office and the British Netherlands-funded capacity-building project on the Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the workshop was management of meteorological and hydrometeorological devoted to practical training sessions that covered basic services. It expressed its appreciation to the Netherlands communication skills and techniques, weather presenta government and requested the Secretary-General to take tions on television and radio, building partnerships with follow-up actions on the recommendations made during the media, enhancing the visibility of WMO and the the Capacity Building Workshop held in Arusha, United NMHSs, information strategies and techniques for mobi Republic of Tanzania from 9 to 12 October 1998. lizing public support for World Meteorological Day 10.13 The Association noted that efforts were being (WMD) and other celebrations, as well as the plans for pursued by the Secretariat to enhance the TCO WMO's 50th anniversary (WM050) in the year 2000. Programme, especially through increased resource mobi The Association noted that the brochure Weather and the lization of the benefit of NMHSs in the Region, through media: A press relations guide (WMO-No. 861) had been improved and closer linkages with Members, interna distributed to all Members and had been used to tional and inter-governmental organizations, relevant enhance awareness of the media. Notwithstanding these United Nations agencies, the World Bank, regional actions, the Association expressed the wish that the development banks such as the African Development Programme could have an adequate regional component Bank (ADB) and the private sector. The Association so that Members would benefit more from WMO's IPA expressed its appreciation to the Secretary-General for Programme. Accordingly, it requested the Secretary these efforts, and agreed that priority should be assigned General to take the necessary action, including a to the following items: publication or a leaflet devoted to the Region and the (a) Ensuring that the basic observations, telecommuni distribution of press releases during the sessions of the cations and data processing facilities of NMHSs Association and for major meteorological events. It also were operational; requested the SecretarycGeneral to facilitate the (b) Developing applications in support of major eco exchange of information and experience among nation nomic sectors; al IPA focal pOints. (c) Improving seasonal forecasting capabilities at 11.3 The Association welcomed the media alliance regional and national levels; initiative among broadcasters and other communicators (d) Improving communications and awareness of launched in 1995 to promote WMD. Using the WMD meteorological products to the user; information kit and videotape as entry pOints, the (e) Adapting to new technologies; alliance has helped extend WMO's outreach through (n Implementing and developing projects in the area radio and television networks. It also expressed satisfac of water resources through HYCOS components, tion with WMO's co-sponsorship of the annual such as the IOC-HYCOS; International Weather Festival (Issy-Ies-Moulineaux, 38 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

France), where broadcast meteorologists and media rep Questionnaire Survey on the Participation of Women resentatives gather each year to discuss new and Men in Meteorology, Operational Hydrology and developments in television presentation technologies Related Geophysical Sciences" that was submitted to the and up-to-date communications techniques. The fiftieth session of the Executive Council, and encour Association noted that, thanks to WMO's efforts, more aged Members to undertake the necessary measures to and more broadcast meteorologists from RA I were being improve gender balance in the NMHSs. invited to the Festival. 11.4 The Association expressed its support and 12. LONG-TERM PLANNING - REGIONAL appreciation for WMO's public awareness campaign on ASPECTS (agenda item 12) environmentally-sustainable sports under the WMO/ International Olympic Committee (IOC) Memorandum REVIEW OF LONG-TERM PLANNING of Understanding during 1996. This new partnership 12.1 The Association recalled that long-term plan helped to focus public attention on the valuable role of ning would help to ensure that WMO Programmes were the NMHSs to sports and the environment. It com" sensitive to and responsive to the needs and aspirations mended the production of a IIheat index card" of Members. In this connection, the Association felt that (NOAA/WMO), which was successfully distributed to the long-term plans and the planning process had been athletes and the public during the 1996 Summer very useful to many Members as a tool in formulating Olympics in Atlanta, United States and for public aware their own development plans. ness activities during the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia in 1998. The Association supported the idea for FOURTH WMO LONG-TERM (4LTP) PLAN IMPLEMENTATION similar efforts in future Olympic Games, including the AND MONITORING Sydney 2000 Olympics. 12.2 The Association noted the adoption of 4LTP 11.5 The Association agreed that the exchange of covering the period 1996-2005 by Twelfth Congress. It public information material, advice and expertise among further noted that regional associations, among others, Members of the Region would be mutually supportive. It were requested to adhere to the poliCies and strategies noted with appreciation that Morocco was prepared to set forth in 4LTP and to organize their activities to host candidates who would learn to present meteorolog achieve the main long-term objectives as defined in ical bulletins on radio and television in Arabic and 4LTP. French. It also agree~ to promote activities jointly with 12.3 The Association noted that the fiftieth session United Nations information centres and UNDP Resident of the Executive Council had adopted a monitoring Coordinators, national committees for the International report for the period 1992-1997, to be submitted to Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) and Thirteenth Congress. other partner agencies and relevant non-governmental 12.4 The Association recalled that regional associa organizations, in the celebrations of international days tions, as the bodies ensuring regional implementation and other United Nations-sponsored events. and coordination of the WMO Programmes, should: 11.6 In response to Twelfth Congress, WMO was (a) Evaluate at their sessions, at sessions of their work preparing a public information and communication ing groups, as well as in the reports of their strategy for WMOSO and the Secretary-General had rapporteurs, the impacts of activities performed established a Trust Fund for WMOSO. Some Members under the LTP within the area of their responSibili had already designated focal points for the planning of ties; and WMOSO and the Association encouraged Members to (b) At their sessions and/or through their preSidents, contribute to the Fund, as well as to the ongoing prepa make comments and suggestions for further devel rations by the Secretariat of success stories at country opment of programme plans in the light of their and regional levels for the WMOSO information kit, the evaluation. videotape and radio documentaries. 11.7 The Association invited Members to take nec . FIFTH WMO LONG-TERM PLAN (SLTP) essary action to complement WMO's global IPA efforts 12.5 The Association recalled that Twelfth with national activities, particularly in the follow-up to Congress requested the regional associations to: UNCED and other global conferences. With respect to (a) Provide a forum for consideration ofSLTP and, in the follow-up to the United Nations Fourth World particular, to provide an integrated view of their Conference on Women, the Association expressed its respective activities and priorities within the con appreciation for the successful outcome of the text of SLTP; and International Expert Meeting on the Participation of (b) Coordinate, as necessary, national contributions to Women in Meteorology and Hydrology (Bangkok, regional projects of the Plan. Thailand, 15 to 19 December 199h where representa 12.6 The Association considered the format, struc tives from RA I made valuable contributions to WMO's ture and content of the draft SLTP. The Association noted ongoing efforts to improve the status of women and that SLTP provided a broad outlook of WMO's policies, promote gender equality in the NMHSs and the strategy and priorities, as well as spelling out WMO Organization as a whole. The Association also expressed Programmes and activities during the period in a manner its satisfaction with the WMO "Report on the enabling the evaluation of their implementation. GENERAL SUMMARY 39

12.7 The Association reviewed the proposed WMO for RA I to be reflected in SLTP, the Association identi Programme Structure for inclusion in SLTP, which fied the following: included an explicit reference to the Regional (a) Enhancing the quality and use of NWP outputs in Programme. The Association considered that the main the development of reliable seasonal and interan long-term objectives of the Regional Programme were: nual forecasting capabilities; (a) To provide support to global WMO Programmes (b) Strengthening the RA I RSMCs, ACMAD and DMCs and contribute to the planning, implementation, in Eastern and Southern Africa, and the monitoring and evaluation of the WMO AGRHYMET Centre in CILSS Countries; Programmes in the Regions, taking into account (c) Developing an effective and efficient PWS to regional interests and concerns; enhance the visibility of NMHSs; (b) To assist and/or support in building the meteoro (d) Improving the understanding of the nature and logical capabilities of Member countries, either extent of the potential threat related to climate individually or as groups of countries, in coopera variability and change; tion with regional and subregional economic (e) In order to improve, strengthen and further devel groupings and institutions, to effectively imple op the service delivery of NMHSs in the Region, ment the WMO Programmes in the respective attach priority to the following: Regions, and to enable NMHSs to play their full role (i) Rehabilitating the existing RBSN; in sustainable socio-economic development of their (ii) Evolving effective and efficient telecommu countries; nications networks at both national and (c) To facilitate the provision of advice and guidance to regional levels; Members in the Regions on cross-cutting issues, (iii) Upgrading and/or replacing meteorological such as the role and operation of NMHSs, data and and hydrological eqUipment and facilities to product exchange, commercialization and alterna match with the evolving new technologies, tive services delivery; and including satellites; (d) In coordination with the other Programmes, to (iv) Evolving and putting in place an effective ensure that Members in the Regions were kept Emergency Response Strategy; informed of developments in the science of mete (v) Improving access to meteorological and orology, hydrology and other related fields and related environmental data archived in the evolving environmental issues, and to disseminate network of WDCs affiliated with WMO. information on matters affecting Members in the (f) Developing operational programmes to effectively various regions. combat locusts and other pests and diseases in 12.8 The Association considered the WMO order to reduce the associated damages to the crops Planning Process as the main mechanism through and livestock. which the Members of the Organization worked togeth 12.12 In terms of WMO Programmes and in light of er within the framework of the constituent bodies to the above priorities, Members in the Region attached identify their common objectives and formulate overall highest priority to WWW, ETRP, the TCO Programme, policies and coordinated plans for their achievements. HWRP, WCP and the environment aspects and the trop ical meteorology research components of AREP. WMO MAJOR ISSUES 12.13 To assist the Association in the work related to 12.9 The Association felt that the following were Long-term Planning, the Association deSignated among the major issues being faced by WMO: a Rapporteur on LTP and adopted draft Resolution 13 (a) The international exchange of data and products; (XII-RA I) - Rapporteur on Long-term Planning. (b) The role and functioning of NMHSs; (c) Relations with other diSciplines and programmes; 13. REGIONAL AND SUBREGIONAL OFFICES (d) Review of the WMO Structure; and (AFRICA) (agenda item 13) (e) Technological changes. 13.1 The Association noted the decisions of 12.10 With respect to the review of the overall struc Twelfth Congress relating to the Regional Office and the ture of WMO, and in relation to the preparation of the Regional Programme. In particular, the Association took WMO Long-term Plan, the Association noted that this note of Congress' agreement on the harmonization of was a continuing exercise, and that the Executive the Regional Programme and the TCO Programme of the Council Working Group on Long-term Planning would Organization. The Association thanked for its valuable address and link to the long-term process, the role and work the Task Team on the Regional Office for Africa and operations of NMHSs and the review of the WMO struc the Study on the TCO Department of the WMO ture. Secretariat, established at its eleventh session and chaired by Morocco. OrHER REGIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 13.2 The Association welcomed the agreement by 12.11 During its previous session, the Association Twelfth Congress that during the twelfth financial peri agreed that high priority should be given in 4LTP to cer od the Secretary-General could establish on a trial basis, tain activities which might broadly satisfy the needs of in association with the TCO Programme, Subregional the Region. In connection with the regional priorities Offices within budgetary allocations approved by 40 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

Congress for the TCO Programme and Regional to relocate the offices in case of evacuation order for Programme and without long-term obligations to the United Nations personnel. It requested its president to Organization. collaborate with the Secretary-General should the need 13.3 The Association noted with appreciation the arise to consider closing or relocating the Offices. actions taken by the Secretary-General to establish two 13.9 The Association reiterated its wish to keep the Subregional Offices for Western Africa and for Southern Regional Office close to Members. It requested the and Eastern Africa. It expressed its appreciation to the Secretary-General to consider, at an opportune time, to Governments of Nigeria and Kenya for hosting the transfer on a temporary basis the Regional Director, who Subregional Offices in Lagos and Nairobi, and for the was also the WMO Representative for the Subregional contribution they had made for the successful installa Office for Eastern and Southern Africa, and his staff, to tion and functioning of the Subregional Offices. The the location of the Subregional Office (Nairobi), so as to countries covered by the Subregional Offices are given in ensure the continued and smooth operation of the Annex IV. Regional Office, and to enhance the staffing of the 13.4 The Association noted the decision by Twelfth Subregional Office, which consisted of only one National Congress that the functions of the subregional offices Programme Officer due to budgetary constraints. should focus on Technical Cooperation activities, partic 13.10 _The Association decided to request Congress ularly those related to the identification of to consider favourably the continuation of the activities requirements, fOrmulation of project proposals, evalua of the Subregional Offices during the thirteenth finan tion and follow-up of projects, and mobilization of cial period of the Organization. resources at the national and regional levels, through closer contact and liaison with bilateral and multilateral development agencies and financial institutions, as well 14. OrHERREGIONALACTIVlTIES (agenda item 14) as regional intergovernmental organizations. The 14.1 INTERNAL MATIERS OF THE ASSOCIATION (agenda Association further noted the satisfactioh expressed by item 14.1) the Executive Council at its fiftieth session (Geneva, 14.1.1 SUBSIDIARY BODIES OF THE ASSOCIATION (agenda June 1998) at the activities carried out by the Regional item 14.1.1) and Subregional Offices, and the request it made to the 14.1.1.1 The Association noted the information pro Secretary-General to submit an evaluation report on the vided by its president on the subsidiary bodies of the operation of the Subregional Offices, and on the experi Association. It also noted the guidance given by the ence gained in the harmonization of the TCO Executive Council on the establishment of the sub Programme with that of the Regional Programme as Sidiary bodies of regional associations. It therefore requested by Twelfth Congress. agreed that working groups and rapporteurs should be 13.5 The Association reviewed the activities of the established to address issues of concern to the Region. Regional and Subregional Offices, and noted with Their tasks were to be specific and achievable. The estab appreciation the work done and the contribution made lished working groups would be able to meet· and the to assist Members to develop their NMHSs. The rapporteurs would be able to participate in the Association agreed that the Subregional Offices should Organization's activities relevant to their work. The continue to strengthen contacts with Members in their Association further agreed that the terms of reference of respective subregiOns. The Association also noted the its subsidiary bodies should include some aspects of edu close cooperation with the relevant international and cation and training, and Technical Cooperation. regional organizations, economic groupings and 14.1.1.2 The AssoCiation examined a proposal by the developmentinstitutions. In this regard the Association president on the re-establishment of relevant working requested the Secretary-General to continue to maintain groups and rapporteurs and, guided by the above princi close liaison and cooperation with these organizations ples, recorded its decisions under the relevant agenda and institutions for the benefit of the NMHSs in the items. Region. 14.1.1.3 The Association considered a proposal by its 13.6 The Association noted the development of the president for the establishment of an Advisory Working Regional Office since its last session. It supported the Group of RA I and adopted Resolution 14 (XII-RA I). steps taken by the Secretary-General to ensure the smooth functioning of the Office during the deteriora tion of the security situation in the host country. 14.1.2 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT HAVING IMPACTS 13.7 The Association reviewed the views of the ON NMHSs (agenda item 14.1.2) Executive Council at its fiftieth session (Geneva, June 14.1.2.1 The Association examined the outcome of the 1998) relating to the location of the Regional Office vis RA I Awareness Seminar on Technological Changes a-vis the two Subregional Offices with a view to organized by WMO on 13 October 1998. The strengthening coordination with other scientific and Association considered the seminar a useful forum for technical programmes and to maximize the support of eXChange of information on technological developmerit these Offices to Members of the Association. affecting NMHSs in the Region. The Association noted 13.8 The Association also agreed with the gUidance the conclusions and recommendations of the seminar given by the Executive Council to the Secretary-General which are given in Annex V. It discussed and recorded its GENERAL SUMMARY 41 views under the relevant agenda items. It also invited its 14.2.2 The Association thanked the Secretary Members to implement the relevant parts of the recom General for the prompt and thorough actions he had mendations to the extent possible. taken, including the numerous letters he had dispatched 14.1.2.2 The Association was informed of the estab to heads of international organizations, Ministers of lishment of the EUMETSAT Task Team on the Foreign Affairs and Permanent Representatives of WMO preparation for the use of MSG in Africa. It was also Members, informing them of Congress' decisions on the informed of the Third EUMETSAT User Forum held in international exchange of meteorological data and prod Rabat, Morocco, from 21 to 25 September 1998, which ucts and related matters. The brochure Exchanging addressed the issue of MSG. Considering the advances meteorological data - Guidelines on relationships in com taking place in technology and their impacts on the mercial meteorological activities - WMO policy and practice operational activities of the NMHSs in the Region, the (WMO-No. 837) explaining the decisions of Congress in Association decided to adopt Resolution 15 (XII-RA I). respect of the data and products exchange, including Resolution 40 (Cg-XII), was seen as helpful in furthering the understanding of the WMO policy and practice, and 14.1.3 PREPARATIONS FOR THIRTEENTH CONGRESS in aSSisting Directors of NMHSs in alerting their govern (agenda item 14.1.3) ments as well as other data users in the academic, 14.1.3.1 The Association noted with appreciation the research and private sectors. devotion of Professor G. O. P. Obasi as the Secretary 14.2.3 The Association noted that only a few General of WMO. It reaffirmed its confidence in his Members of the Region had made available information leadership and adopted Resolution 16 (XII-RA I). on their implementation of Resolution 40. It was further 14.1.3.2 The Association noted with appreciation the noted that the Secretary-General provided at regular efforts taken by the Secretary-General to provide intervals (April and October of each year) letters to the Portuguese interpretation at its twelfth session. It Permanent Representatives with information obtained thanked Australia, Macau, Portugal and the United from Members regarding the availability of additional States, which had been kind enough to contribute to the data and products. special account opened by the Secretary-General for that 14.2.4 The Association noted the concerns of some purpose. The Association requested the Secretary Members on the use of the Internet for the dissemina General to continue his efforts to make similar tion of lIadditional" data and products. The Association arrangements for its thirteenth session. further noted the activities agreed by CBS in response to 14.1.3.3 The Association noted its recommendation to the request by the Executive Council at its fiftieth ses Eleventh Congress on the matter. It noted the view of sion (Geneva, June 1998), with respect to the Congress, which recognized the need to use the development of a methodology for assessing the avail Portuguese language as an instrument to assist the ability of surface synoptic data exchanged between Members whose official language was Portuguese to par Members on the GTS before and after adoption of ticipate more efficiently in the work of the Organization. Resolution 40 (see CBS-Ext.(98), Final Report, paragraph It also noted the relevant concern expressed by the 4.4.29), as well as the guidance the CBS had developed countries whose official language was Portuguese over on the use of the Internet (see paragraph 4.5.1 and the need to include Portuguese as an official and work CBS-Ext. (98), Final Report, paragraphs 4.4.35-4.4.45). ing language of WMO, and asserted that interpretation Further, several Members referred to the dialogue that from and into Portuguese only through the availability had been ongoing in various fora with respect to the of extra-budgetary funds hindered the effective partici interpretation of parts of the resolution, e.g., the use of pation in and commitment of those countries to the the Internet for the dissemination of additional data and work of the Organization. products. They expressed concern that, while these 14.1.3.4 The Association asked that Congress reconsid issues concerned all Members of WMO, much of this er its request to include Portuguese as a working had taken place without the Association being actively language of WMO. involved, and supported the request of the chairman of the Executive Council Advisory Group on Data Exchange to convene this Group as soon as possible. The 14.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECISIONS OF TWELFTH Association requested its Members to inform the CONGRESS ON THE EXCHANGE OF DATA AND Secretary-General of their experience with the imple PRODUCTS (agenda item 14.2) mentation of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII), including the use 14.2.1 The Association recalled Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) of the Internet, and to work together to resolve areas of and the associated actions to be taken by Members, the concern that may arise. presidents of regional associations and technical com 14.2.5 The Association took note of the view of the missions, the Secretary-General and the Executive Executive Council that experience with the implemen Council, in connection with the implementation of the tation of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) had been largely resolution. The Association reaffirmed that a real positive and that there was generally a strong commit increase in meteorological and related data and products ment to make it work. It agreed with the Council that being exchanged between Members was one of the key the major effort over the next few years should focus on goals of this resolution. . continuing the monitoring of its implementation and 42 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

the resolution of practical difficulties that arose. It con activities, which included the development of, inter alia, curred with the Council, which strongly advised against strategic planning frameworks, network deSigns, media a renegotiation of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) at Thirteenth relations, human resources development, Internet capa Congress. bilities, and training. It also noted the integrated 14.2.6 Many Members regarded the resolution as approach being utilized in the Secretariat in that con being complex with several areas that were quite nection. sensitive to interpretation. They stressed that much more 14.3.3 The Association noted that within the guidance and advice was needed to assist the Members framework of the WMO/Netherlands Project on Capacity in the Region to understand fully the resolution and its Building, the "Guidelines for the management of implications. In particular, the following issues were national Meteorological and Hydrological Services" mentioned: would be published and distributed to all Members. The (a). It was difficult to see how Members' own planning Association called on Members to support such efforts of the development of commercial activities could and also noted that there were pilot projects which be promoted or protected by the resolution; included institutional development and resource (b) Clearer gu~dance was desired with respect to the mobiliszation for capacity building in the South-West practices and procedures of cost recovery (with Pacific. The Association requested donors to consider . respect to the provision of ayiation meteorological similar projects for RA I Members and requested the services) vis-a-vis the guidance given in the annex Secretary-General to assist in approaching donors for this es to Resolution 40 and the publication Exchanging purpose. Meteorological Data; and 14.3.4 The Association requested its Members to (c) More advice was needed with respect to the practical exchange relevant information and experience related, application of the resolution within the common inter alia, to modernization and/or changing responsi practices currently in use by NMHSs in Africa, bilities and basic infrastructure. including, for instance, the implication and 14.3.5 The Association noted that particular atten application of the conditions put on "additional" tion should be given within the Region to the topiC of data and products by some Members and commercialization and management of NMHSs, mainly ECMWF. through technical conferences or seminars, as well as 14.2.7 The Association expressed appreciation for through provision of information and gUidance materi the information provided by the Secretary-General relat als. The Association requested the Secretary-General to ing to the World Intellectual Property Organization continue to assist Members in RA I in their endeavour to (WIPO) Draft Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect develop alternative service delivery. of Databases. It called upon its Members to exert every 14.3.6 The Association endorsed the need for guide effort to ensure that the WMO policy and practice on lines to NMSs relating to the subject of alternative data exchange and any newly proposed legal instru services delivery. It noted that relevant responsibilities ments relating to the protection of databases were and consideration were identified by the Council. complementary. 14.3.7 The Association thanked Members who had 14.2.8 In conclusion, the Association emphasized made available written materials on the development of that guidance and advice on the interpretation, imple their NMHSs, which were distributed to partiCipants at mentation and application of Resolution 40 was the session. It invited Members to do the same for the urgently needed. The Association therefore agreed to next session of the Association. establish a Task Group on the Implementation of 14.3.8 The Association expressed its appreciation to Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) and Related Issues in RA I with WMO, and especially to the Secretary-General, for the the Terms of Reference and composition as given in support provided to the development of the NMHSs in Annex VI. The president could call upon this Task Group RA I, and encouraged its Members to continue to give to consider matters related to Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) full support to WMO. when Members required guidance or advice. 14.2.9 The Association requested the Secretary General to assist and facilitate the work of the Task 14.4 REGIONAL AND SUBREGIONAL INSTITUTIONS Group. AND OTHER REGIONAL INITIATIVES (agenda item 14.4)

14.3 ROLE AND OPERATION OF NMHSs AND AFRICAN CENTRE OF METEOROLOGICAL ApPLICATIONS FOR STATEMENTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NMSs DEVELOPMENT (ACMAD) (agenda item 14.3) 14.4.1 The Association noted that good progress had 14.3.1 The Association agreed that the role and oper been made in the implementation of the ACMAD pro ation of NMHSs was an area of great interest to it and gramme since its last session. It noted in particular the requested the Secretary-General to continue supporting development and implementation of the ACMAD the various related activities. demonstration project, which was comprised of three 14.3.2 The Association noted that the Executive priority activities:NWP, Climate and ACMAD Meteoro Council recognized the cross-cutting nature of these logical and Environmental Diagnostic Integrated GENERAL SUMMARY 43

System (AMEDIS). Several Members confirmed technological change for inclusion in the agenda of this the usefulness and value of the forecast guidance and Sixth Conference. CLIPS products ACMAD had generated and disseminat 14.5.4 The Association noted with appreciation the ed regularly as they had assisted them in their daily offer made by Nigeria to host the Sixth Technical operations. Conference in Abuja, Nigeria. 14.4.2 The Association noted with appreciation that the ACMAD Centre was becoming an important tool used by Members for the capacity building of their 14.6 FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES RELATED TO UNCED, human resources, and requested ACMAD to continue IPCC AND ACTIVITIES OF UNIFCCC AND UNCCD and increase this activity. RELEVANT TO NMHSs (agenda item 14.6) 14.4.3 The Association expressed its appreciation to 14.6.1 The Association noted with appreciation the the ECA, WMO and ACMAD partners for supporting the Secretary-General's actions related to the active partici activities of the ACMAD Centre and urged them to pation of WMO in UNCED and in its follow-up. In this maintain this support. It also expressed its appreciation respect, it expressed its gratitude to the Secretary to South Africa for providing the AMEDIS software to General for his efforts in keeping Members informed on ACMAD. related UNCED follow-up activities through circular let 14.4.4 The Association once again urged those ters, presentations and discussions at meetings and Members who had not yet ratified the legal instruments other means. The Association agreed that its Members of the Centre to do so. It further requested its Members should keep the Secretary-General, as well as each other, to pay their contributions regularly. informed of UNCED follow-up activities in their respec tive countries. The Association requested the 14.5 FIFTH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON Secretary-General to continue keeping Members MANAGEMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF informed of WMO activities METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES IN AFRICA (see 14.6.2 The Association also took note of the conclu agenda item 14.5) sions of the Special Session of the United Nations 14.5.1 The Association noted with appreciation that General Assembly convened in June 1997 to review and in accordance with its recommendation at its eleventh appraise progress in the implementation of Agenda 21 session, a Fifth Technical Conference on Management adopted by UNCED. It invited its Members to pursue for Development of Meteorological Services in Africa their efforts in giving priority attention to the was held in Casablanca, Morocco, 19 to 23 November Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 1996, at the kind invitation of the Government of 21 as adopted by the Special Session of the United Morocco. The Association welcomed the opportunity Nations General Assembly. The Association also offered to the Directors to discuss management ques expressed its interest in the publication to be distributed tions and exchange views and experience on a wide to NMHSs, which would provide Members with infor range of topiCS, including: Adaptation of the structure of mation on WMO activities in the implementation of the NMSs to the new economic order; Meteorology: UNCED and Agenda 21. This publication would com Public service or commercial enterprise; and adaptation plement information already available on WMO's of meteorology to other related diSciplines; and contribution to the Conventions on Climate Change follow-up to UNCED, including capacity building. It and Desertification. expressed satisfaction that 43 of its Member countries 14.6.3 The Association expressed deep concern, how had participated in the Conference and that several ever, over the way that the practical implications of Directors of NMHSs had delivered lectures or presented climate change and variability for many countries were case studies on various topiCS. It also welcomed the par being subsumed by the current emphasis within the ticipation of other international organizations in the UN/FCCC process on legal and economic instruments to Conference. mitigate future climate change. During the last few years 14.5.2 The Association noted with satisfaction the many countries of the Region and elsewhere throughout importance attached by Twelfth Congress to regional the world had been subjected to enormous hardship as a technical conferences as effective fora in assisting result of climate-induced catastrophes. It was not yet Members to develop their NMHSs in order to participate possible to define the systematic changes in local or fully in and reap maximum benefits from WMO regional climates resulting from global climate change Programmes. due to anthropogenic influences. However, the extent of 14.5.3 The Association considered and adopted the climate variability and the frequency of extreme events conclusions and recommendations of the Conference were already producing serious socio-economic impacts given in Annex VII. It recommended that a Sixth that warranted urgent and coordinated attention by the Technical Conference on Management for Development nations of the world. The Association noted that climate of Meteorological Services be organized by WMO during variability respects no political boundaries, but the thirteenth financial period, and that Members wish inevitably it was the less developed nations of the ing to host this Sixth Conference submit their offers to world that suffered most from extremes in climate vari the Secretariat. Finally, the Association recommended ability and the severe weather events that accompanied that WMO consider items related to the problems of them. 44 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

14.6.4 The Association noted that there were wide warning, the IDNDR Secretariat had set up five working differences from country to country in the extent to groups, each convened by a principal collaborating which NMHSs were involved in climate change issues organization, to determine early warning criteria and associated with the UN/FCCC. Some acted as focal the areas for which improved coordination and effec pOints, some played advisory roles in national delega tiveness was required. WMO had convened the working tions, while others were barely drawn into the process. group on "Early Warning for Hydrometeorological Frequently, however, it was the NMHS in a developing Hazards (including drought)". The reports of the work country that carried the national responsibility for cli ing groups were included in the final reports on all mate change issues. Further, the infrastructure required aspects of early warnings, which were submitted to the to support the environmental conventions was most in United Nations General Assembly in November 1997. need of support in developing countries. This was in The reports were also the basis of an international con contrast to most developed countries where NMHSs ference (EWC98) on early warning systems hosted by were typically in advisory roles and the infrastructure Germany and convened in Potsdam from 7 to 11 was most advanced. September 1998. WMO was a co-sponsor of this confer 14.6.5 The Association agreed that most NMHSs in ence. The Association was informed of the successful developing countries needed special assistance to enable outcome of EWC98 and particularly endorsed the fol them to fulfill their national roles in climate change lowing aspects of the Conference Statement: issues: It requested the Secretary-General to examine (a) "Early warning requires unrestricted access to data ways to help them in their interactions with interna that is freely available for exchange"; and tional agencies involved in the environmentally (b) Warning information must be credible, and oriented conventions. The Association agreed that there emanate from a single officially-designated author were many ways in which NMHSs could and should play ity". key roles in helping to formulate national positions with 14.7.4 Noting that the 1997/98 El Nino episode had respect to these conventions, to participate in the work had an acute impact in several parts of the world, lead of the IPCC, and to generally support the infrastructure ing to floods, food shortages and possible famine, the required to implement the environmental conventions United Nations General Assembly acknowledged at its and initiatives. Attention was drawn by way of example fifty-second session (December 1997) the need to to the report of the meeting in Kobe, Japan in December enhance international and national efforts for a better 1997 on the Role of NMHSs with respect to the Climate understanding of the El Nino phenomenon. It therefore Change Convention. In view of the number of NMHSs adopted a resolution, which called upon the organiza in the Region with high-level national responsibilities tions of the United Nations System, within the with respect to the complex issues of climate change, the framework of IDNDR, to contribute further to a compre Association agreed to appoint two rapporteurs for this hensive approach and study of EINiflo and to intenSify area and adopted Resolution 17 (XII-RA I). their cooperation with the regions affected by the phe nomenon; especially in developing countries. In November 1997, an Inter-Agency Task Force on El Nino 14.7 INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR NATURAL DISASTER was established to act as a mechanism for information REDUCTION (IDNDR) (agenda item 14.7) exchange and follow-up actions related to prevention, 14.7.1 The Association noted with appreciation the mitigation and preparedness for El Nino. The Task Force information on activities and efforts to meet the goals of . was to review the scientific and socio-economic aspects IDNDR. The Association paid particular attention to the of natural hazards related to El Nino. As a member of the closing events and proposals for continuing disaster task force, WMO had taken the lead role in reviewing reduction into the twenty-first century. the scientific and technological elements related to the 14.7.2 The Association recalled that WMO played a forecasts of El Nino and their availability to Members. leading role in regard to natural disasters of meteorolog The Association in particular noted the important role ical and hydrological origin, and had supported the played by the DMC and ACMAD in providing forecast IDNDR efforts through its major scientific and technical information to members on the 1997/98 El Nino event. programmes, in particular TCP, PWS Programme and The Association urged donors to continue supporting HWRP, as noted in the revised WMO Plan of Action for the activities of these centres by providing financial and IDNDR and the Fourth WMO Long-term Plan (4LTP). In other forms of assistance. addition to its regular programme of activities, WMO 14.7.5 The Association noted that plans for the final was implementing four special demonstration projects: consolidation phase of the Decade were discussed during The Tropical Cyclone Warning System for the South the ninth and tenth sessions of the IDNDR Scientific West Indian Ocean Region, the Comprehensive Risk and Technical Committee (STC) held in October 1997 Assessment (CRASH) project, the System for Technology and June 1998. The Association agreed that the activities Exchange for Natural Disasters (STEND), and Tropical related to the final phase of the Decade represented the Cyclone Disasters (an ICSU/WMO project), as special basis for continued commitments of global attention for contributions to the aims of the Decade. disaster reduction into the twenty-first century. The 14.7.3 The Association was informed that, as a follow accomplishments of the IDNDR would be directly pro up to the United Nations Resolution 50/117 on early portional to the extent of public and international GENERAL SUMMARY 4S policy recognition given to the importance of natural international organizations in monitoring WMO pro hazard awareness and mitigation. In this connection, grammes and activities in the Region. the Association felt that the role of NMHSs in disaster reduction, particularly with respect to the preparation of weather and flood warnings and forecasts, became even 15. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS more apparent during the past year's experience with (agenda item 15) the use of seasonal forecasts of the El Nino event. 15.1 The following scientific lectures were pre- Consequently, the Association strongly endorsed a lead sented: role for WMO in convening a special forum on the sci (a) Impact of New Technology on the Operations of ence, technology and services related to natural disaster NMHSs, including liThe Year 2000 Problem", reduction, to be held from 5 to 7 July 1999 in Geneva as D. Shaw; part of an overall forum which will contribute to the (b) METEOSAT Second Generation (MSG), P. Counet; high-level discussion at the United Nations Economic (c) El Nino: Lessons learnt from the 1997/98 El Nino, and Social Council (ECOSOC). L. Ogallo; 14.7.6 The Association agreed that WMO's long (d) Provision of Meteorological Services within a experience in coordinating global and regional pro Changing Technology: Challenges and Experience grammes of meteorological and hydrological services of a Developing Country, S. Waweru; would clearly serve as an excellent basis for continued (e) IDNDR in Africa: Disasters Awareness and Public efforts of the Organization in the promotion of disaster Education, A. Holloway; and reduction activities into the twenty-first century. In this (f) ACMAD: Contribution to Operational Activities connection, the Association urged Members to support of NMHSs in Africa within the context of IDNDR efforts more actively, where appropriate, ACMAD Demonstration Project, B. S. Nyenzi and through participation in the work of their respective M. Saloum. national IDNDR committees. The Association expressed 15.2 The lectures, which were presented on 13 the view that hazard assessment and disaster awareness October 1998 at the RA I Seminar on Technological and preparedness should be central to national efforts to Changes, were followed by lively discussions. The mitigate the effects of national disasters. Early warning, Association expressed its appreciation to the lectures for research and technology development, political com their interesting presentations. The Association further mitment, national planning, and shared technology and agreed that a programme of scientific lectures should be knowledge were seen as vital to success in implementing arranged for its thirteenth session and requested the the Yokohama Strategy Plan of Action over the remain Secretary-General, in consultation with the president of ing years of the Decade. The outcome of work on these RA I, to make the necessary arrangements. major issues would form a basis for coherent strategies to be implemented into the twenty-first century. It was felt that improving the disaster warning capacity of 16. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND Members and enhancing public awareness with an aim RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION AND to saving lives and property of the public should con OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL tinue as high priority activities within WMO RESOLUTIONS (agenda item 16) Programmes and as a special focus for the PWS 16.1 The Association reviewed those of its past res Programme. olutions which were still in force at the time of its twelfth session and adopted Resolution 18 (XII-RA I) accordingly. 14.8 RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL 16.2 The Association considered that Resolution 7 ORGANIZATIONS (agenda item 14.8) (EC-XLVII) on the report of its eleventh session did not 14.8.1 The Association emphasized the importance need to be kept in force. of the increasing level of cooperation between WMO and UNESCO's IOC, in areas of mutual interest and con cern. It noted that cooperation extended beyond WWW 17. ELECTION OF OFFICERS (agenda item 17) and MMAOAP to WCP (specifically WCRP and GCOS), The Association elected Messrs M. S. Mhita ETRP and aspects of the TCO Programme and the (United Republic of Tanzania) and I. Also (Niger) as pres Regional Programme. ident and Vice-preSident, respectively, of the WMO 14.8.2 The Association welcomed the proposed Regional Association I (Africa). increased relationship between WMO and IOC in devel oping and implementing GOOS. In particular it endorsed the expected new formal arrangement that 18. DATE AND PLACE OF THE TIllRTEENTH SESSION would merge activities of the CMM, IGOSS and other (agenda item 18) ocean observing programmes. The Association recorded 18.1 In accordance with Regulation 170 of the its views on this matter under agenda item 7.4. WMO General Regulations, the president of the 14.8.3 The Association further welcomed the close Association should determine the date and place of collaboration between WMO and relevant regional and the thirteenth session in agreement with the President 46 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I of WMO and after consultation with the Secretary 19. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION (agenda item 19) General. The twelfth session of Regional 18.2 The Association noted the intention of Association I (Africa) closed at 12:10 p.m. on Portugal and Morocco to host the next session of RA I. 23 October 1998. RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION

RESOLUTION 1 (XII-RA I) WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) IN REGION I

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), Collection Systems (DCSs)/DCP, DRS and NOTING: MDD and other satellite-based telecommu (1) That continuous developments in science and tech nication services that are relevant to the nology call for continuous adjustments in WWW Region, and to develop proposals for re facilities, organizing the RMTN in a more efficient (2) That the interest in WWW implementation and way; operation is wide and not limited to individual (e) To review and coordinate the implementa countries, tion of RSMCs and other centre functions (3) That WWW data and products are of vital impor and services including updating product tance to Members in Region I for meeting the reqUirements to meet stated needs of NMCs increasing reqUirements of users for meteorological in RA I; services, (1) To review and coordinate the automation of CONSIDERING: real-time functions of NMCs in RA I; (1) That the implementation of the WWW in the (g) To monitor the Regional WWW System and Region should be kept under constant review, develop proposals for specific regional data (2) That the implementation of new satellite-based management functions for implementation technologies as part and parcel of the WWW sys in the Region; tems component in RA I will benefit all Members in (h) To update old regional codes and develop the Region, new ones in line with reqUirements of exist (3) That there is a need for wide-scale coordination of ing RSMCs, upcoming RSMCs and NMCs in the implementation of the WWW in the Region, the Region; DECIDES: (i) To keep under review the implementation of (1) To establish a Working Group on Planning and the PWS Programme in the Region, and Implementation of the WWW in Region I with the develop gUidance and advice with a view to following terms of reference: assisting Members with their delivery of the (a) To monitor the progress made in the imple most effective services to the public; mentation and operation of the WWW (j) To review training requirements in aspects facilities in the Region and advise on possi related to new concepts of the WWW com ble improvements and priorities for ponents and proposed relevant training appropriate actions to be carried out under programmes to be offered by RSMCs and the WWW Programme, and the need for other centres in RA I; external support, where reqUired; (2) That the working group should be composed of: (b) To keep under review the design of the RBSN (a) A coordinator of a Subgroup on Regional on the basis of criteria on minimum network Aspects of the GTS; density required in the WMO Long-term (b) A Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of GOS; Plan and the abilities of Members to imple (c) A Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of GDPS; ment the Network; (d) A Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Data (c) To continue to monitor and coordinate the Management (DM); implementation and operation of the (e) A Rapporteur on Codes; telecommunication loop Algiers-Cairo (1) A Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Public Nairobi-Niamey-Dakar-Algiers and imple Weather Services; mentation and/or upgrading of all the main (g) Other experts as nominated by Members; branches of the loop; The terms of reference of the subgroup and rappor (d) To monitor and coordinate the implementa teurs are indicated in the Annex to this resolution; tion and operation of modern technologies (3) To deSignate in accordance with Regulation 32 of including the use of automated message the WMO General Regulations Mr K. Essendi switch systems, high-speed data links, Data (Kenya) as chairman of the working group; 48 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

(4) To designate Mr M. Sonko (Senegal) as coordinator (7) To request the chairman of the working group: of the subgrouPi (a) To establish the Subgroup on Regional (5) (a) To invite Mr M. Saloum (Niger) to serve as Aspects of GTSi Rapporteur on the Regional Aspects of GOSi (b) To submit a report on regional priority (b) To invite Mr A. Cherifi (Morocco) to serve as reqUirements to the annual informal plan Rapporteur on the Regional Aspects of GDPS; ning meeting of the WMO VCP related to (c) To invite Mr G. H. Obua (Uganda) to serve as TCO programmesi Rapporteur on the Regional Aspects of Data (c) To submit progress reports at yearly intervals Managementi to the president of the Association and a (d) To invite Mr G. K. Shayo (United Republic final report not later than six months before of Tanzania) to serve as Rapporteur on Codesi the thirteenth session of the Association. (d) To invite Ms E. de Coning (South Africa) to serve as Rapporteur on the Regional Aspects ofPWSi (6) To invite Members to nominate experts to NOTE: This Resolution supersedes Resolution Z (XI-RA I) which is serve in the working grouPi no longer in force.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 1 (XII-RA I)

WORKING GROUP ON THE PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WWW IN REGION I

The terms of reference of the subgroup and rapporteurs (b) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of GOS nominated under Resolution 1 (XII-RA I) are as fol (i) To follow-up the operational experience of lows: Members in Region I on the use of new (a) The Subgroup on Regional Aspects of GTS observing systems and formulate recom (i) To formulate recommendations for coordi mendationsi nation of the implementation and (ii) To review and make proposals regarding operation of new telecommunication facil the design of the RBSN in light of spatial ities and techniques in Region Ii requirements stipulated in the WMO Long (ii) To formulate recommendations on region term Plani al activities relating to the WWW (iii) To monitor developments in observing sys telecommunication system in Region Ii tems and advise Members of RA I on how (iii) To monitor developments in new telecom best they could be used to improve the munication technology and eqUipment and observational networki study their possible integration into the (iv) . To identify problem areas in the regional meteorological telecommunication system observing systems and network and advise in Region I for its efficient managementi on possible suitable solutions in light of (iv) To study existing problems and advise on new developments in observing techniquesi improvements on the exchange of observa (v) To identify and/or advise on the training tional data and processed products and reqUirements of Members in Region I for the information within Region I and outside iti successful implementation, operation and (v) To develop proposals for the more efficient maintenance of new observation technologiesi reorganization of RMTNs in line with new (vi) To represent the Association at relevant technological developmentsi sessions of ETs and ICTs of the CBS OPAG (vi) To monitor and report on the operation of onIOS. meteorological telecommunications in (c) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the GDPS Region I, particularly the loop Algiers (i) To monitor developments in data-process Cairo-Nairobi-Niamey-Dakar-Algiers and ing eqUipment and techniques and advise its branches, and formulate appropriate on those which could be benefiCially intro recommendationsi duced at national and regional centres to (vii) To identify the training needs of Members improve their operational capability both for effective implementation, operation within the WWW system and in related and maintenance of the GTS in Region Ii areaSi (viii) To represent the Association through the (ii) To formulate recommendations for coordi Coordinator of the subgroup at relevant nated implementation of data-processing sessions of Experts Teams (ETs) and facilities and standardization of data-pro Implementation Coordination Teams cessing techniques at NMCs and RSMCs and (ICTs) of the CBS OPAG on ISS. other centres for multi-purpose usei RESOLUTION 2 49

(iii) To identify and/or advise on the training (iii) To take action towards solving coding prob requirements of Members in the Region for lems assigned by the chairman of the the successful implementation, operation working groupj and maintenance of data-processing sys (iv) To identify and/or advise on training tems in Region Ij requirements of Members for the successful (iv) To review and recommend products to be implementation of approved exchange for made available by RSMCs to NMCs, consid mats and codes in Region Ij ering Members' requirementsj (v) To advise and report to the chairman of the (v) To represent the Association at relevant working group on all matters concerning sessions of ETs and ICTs of the CBS OPAG on meteorological codes and new develop Data-Processing and Forecasting Systems. ments in codesj (d) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Data (vi) To represent the Association at relevant ses Management sions of the ETGs on Data Representation (i) To review data, product and information and Codes of the CBS OPAG on ISS. presentation, selection and dissemination (f) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Public to recipients (NMCs)j Weather Services (ii) To collect information on the level of qual (i) To keep abreast of and evaluate technical ity control of data and productsj and scientific developments relating to for (iii) To review the WWW data and products mulation, presentation and dissemination recovery procedures in case of major out techniques, and make recommendations as ages of key facilitiesj appropriate on the best possible use of the (iv) To coordinate and provide information NMHSs' resources, to achieve the most on real-time and non-real-time monitoring effective delivery of services to the public, of the integrated WWW system in Region Ij particularly during severe weather situa (v) To identify and/or advise on training tionsj requirements of Members for the successful (ii) To provide information and advice to implementation of the WWW data manage Members in the Region on development of ment functions in Region Ij guidelines for meeting user requirements (vi) To advise and report on data management and for verification of the quality, content activities in the Region to the Chairman of and usefulness of warnings and public the WGj weather forecastsj (vii) To represent the Association at relevant (iii) To keep under review education and train sessions of ETs and ICTs of the CBS OPAG on ing requirements related to the PWS ISS. Programmej (e) Rapporteur on Codes (iv) To keep under review, in coordination with (i) To review data and related information the Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of presentation, including exchange formats GDPS, aspects relating to exchange and and codes and conversion between formats coordination of hazardous weather infor and codesj mation among neighbouring countriesj (ii) To update regional codes and respond to newly (v) To represent the Region on relevant ETs and emerging code requirements in the Regionj ICTs of the CBS OPAG on PWS.

RESOLUTION 2 (XII-RA I)

REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK (RBSN)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), CONSIDERING: NOTING: (1) That the establishment and maintenance of an (1) Resolution 2 (XI-RA I) - Regional Basic Synoptic RBSN of surface and upper-air synoptic stations, Network, adequate to meet the requirements of Members and (2) The World Weather Watch Programme for the peri of WWW, constitute one of the most important od 1996-2005, obligations of Members under Article 2 of the (3) The Manual on the Global Observing System WMO Convention, (WMO-No. 544), Volume I, Part III, Regulations (2) The fundamental importance of the RBSN to the 2.1.4, 2.1.5 and 2.1.6 and the definition of the understanding of weather, hydrological resources regional basic synoptic network, and climate patterns, including the serious impact so ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

of drought and desertification and tropical cyclones (3) To comply fully with the standard times of observa which affect major portions of the RegioIi, tion, the global and regional coding procedures and DECIDES that the stations and the observational pro data collection standards, as laid down in the WMO grammes listed in the annex to this resolution constitute Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49), the Manual on the RBSN of Region I; the Global Observing System (WMO-No. 544), Manual URGES Members: on Codes (WMO-No. 306) and Manual on the Global (1) To spare no effort in their endeavours to secure, Telecommunication System (WMO-No. 386); at the earliest date pOSSible, full implementation AUTHORIZES the president of the Association, in consul of the network of stations and observational tation with the Secretary-General, to approve minor programmes set forth in the annex to this resolu amendments to the list of stations, if so requested by tion; Members. (2) To make special efforts to implement the RBSN in all areas and in particular in desert zones including, as appropriate, the use of automated observing sta NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 2 (XI-RA I) which is no tions; longer in force.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 2 (XII-RA I)

LIST OF STATIONS COMPRISING THE REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK IN REGION I

. Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations

ALGERIA 60656 TINDOUF S 60670 DJANET S 60355 SKIKDA S 60680 TAMANRASSET S 60360 ANNABA S 60680 TAMANRASSET WR 60360 ANNABA W 60390 DAR-EL-BEIDA S ANGOLA 60390 DAR-EL-BEIDA WR 60402 BEJAIA S 66104 CABINDA S 60419 CONSTANTINE S 66130 N'ZETO (AMBRIZETE) S 60419 CONSTANTINE W 66152 DUNDO S 60445 SETIF S 66160 LUANDA S 60475 TEBESSA S 66160 LUANDA WR 60490 ORAN/ES SENIA S 66215 MALANGE S 60490 ORAN/ES SENIA W 66240 PORTO AMBOIM S 60506 MASCARA METMORE S 66270 WAKU KUNGU (CELA) S 60511 TIARET S 66285 LUENA (LUSO) S 60525 BISKRA S 66285 LUENA (LUSO) W 60535 DJELFA S 66305 LOBITO S 60549 MECHERIA S 66318 HUAMBO (NOVA LIS BOA) S 60550 ELBAYADH S 66390 LUBANGO (SA DA BANDEIRA) S 60555 TOUGGOURT S 66390 LUBANGO (SA DA BANDEIRA) WR 60559 ELOUED S 66410 MENONGUE (SERPA PINTO) S 60566 GHARDAIA S 66422 MOCAMEDES S 60571 BECHAR S 66447 MAVINGA S 60571 BECHAR WR 66460 PEREIRA DE ECA S 60581 HASSI-MESSAOUD S 60590 ELGOLEA S 60602 BENI ABBES S BENIN 60607 TIMIMOUN S 60611 IN AMENAS S 65306 KANDI S 60611 IN AMENAS W 65319 NATITINGOU S 60620 ADRAR S 65330 PARAKOU S 60620 ADRAR W 65335 SAVE S 60630 IN SALAH S 65338 BOHICON S 60630 IN SALAH WR 65344 COTONOU S RESOLUTION 2 S1

Index No. Station name ObseIVatiollS Index No. Station name ObseIVatiollS

BOTSWANA 64950 YAOUNDE S 64960 ABONG-MBANG S 68024 GHANZI S 64971 KRIBI S 68026 SHAKAWE S 68029 KASANE S 68032 MAUN S CAPE VERDE 68032 MAUN WR 68038 SUA-PAN S 08583 MINDELO S 68040 LETLHAKANE S 08589 PRAIA S 68040 LETLHAKANE WR 08594 SAL S 68054 FRANCISTOWN S 08594 SAL WR 68148 MAHALAPYE S 68226 TSHANE S CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 68234 JWANENG S 68240 SERETSE KHAMA S 64600 BERBERATI S INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 64601 BOUAR S 68240 SERETSE KHAMA WR 64605 BOSSEMBELE S INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 64610 BOSSANGOA S 68244 GABORONE S 64650 BANGUI S 68328 TSABONG S 64650 BANGUI WR 68328 TSABONG WR 64654 N'DELE S 64655 BRIA S BOUVET ISLAND 64656 BANGASSOU S 64658 BIRAO S 68992 BOUVET ISLAND S 64659 OBO S 64660 BAMBARI S BURKINA FASO 64661 YALINGA S 64665 MOBAYE S 65501 DORI S 65502 OUAHIGOUYA S CHAD 65503 OUAGADOUGOU S 65503 OUAGADOUGOU WR 64700 NDJAMENA S 65505 DEDOUGOU S 64700 NDJAMENA WR 65507 FADA N'GOURMA S 64701 MAO S 65510 BOBO-DIOULASSO S 64705 BOUSSO S 65516 BOROMO S 64706 MOUNDOU S 65518 PO S 64708 BOKORO S 65522 GAOUA S 64709 PALA S 64750 SARH S BURUNDI 64750 SARH W 64751 ATI S 64390 BUJUMBURA S 64753 FAYA S 64753 FAYA WR 64754 AM-TIMAN S CAMEROON 64755 GOZ-BEIDA S 64756 ABECHE S 64851 MAROUA-SALAK S 64758 MONGO S 64860 GAROUA S 64870 NGAOUNDERE S COMOROS 64880 BANYO S 64890 MAMFE S 67002 HAHAYA INT. AIRPORT S 64893 KOUNDJA S 67005 DZAOUDZI!PAMANZI (MAYOTTE) S 64900 YOKO S 64910 DOUALAOBS. S CONGO 64910 DOUALA R.S. WR 64920 BAFIA S 64400 POINTE-NOIRE S 64931 BATOURI S 64400 POINTE-NOIRE W 52 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations

64401 DOLISIE S 64301 DILOLO S 64402 MOUYONDZI S 64315 KAMINA/BASE S 64450 BRAZZAVILLE /MAYA-MAYA S 64328 KOLWEZI S 64453 DJAMBALA S 64348 MITWABA S 64456 MAKOUA S 64360 LUBUMBASHI-LUANO S 64458 OUESSO S DJIBOUTI 64458 OUESSO W 64459 IMPFONDO S 63125 DJIBOUTI S 64460 SOUANKE S EGYPT

COTE D'IVOIRE 62305 SALLUM PLATEAU S 62306 MERSA MATRUH S 65528 ODIENNE S 62306 MERSA MATRUH WR 65536 KORHOGO S 62318 ALEXANDRIA/NOUZHA S 65545 BONDOUKOU S 62325 BALTIM S 65548 MAN S 62332 PORT SAID/EL GAMIL S 65548 MAN W 62337 EL ARISH S 65555 BOUAKE S 62337 ELARISH WR 65557 GAGNOA S 62357 WADI EL NATROON S 65562 DIMBOKRO S 62366 CAIRO AIRPORT S 65578 ABIDJAN S 62378 HELWAN S 65578 ABIDJAN WR 62378 HELWAN WR 65585 ADIAKE S 62386 MINYA S 65592 TABOU S 62393 ASYUT S 65599 SASSANDRA S 62405 LUXOR S 62414 ASSWAN S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 62414 ASSWAN WR 62417 SIWA S 64005 MBANDAKA S 62420 BAHARIA S 64006 GEMENA S 62423 FARAFRA S 64008 BASANKUSU S 62432 DAKELA S 64018 BASOKO S 62435 KHARGA S 64021 BONDO S 62440 ISMAILIA S 64040 KISANGANI S 62455 RAS SEDR S 64040 KISANGANI WR 62456 TABA AIRPORT eRAS ELNAKB) . S 64056 BAFWASENDE S 62459 ELTOR S 64.062 ISIRO S 62460 SHARM EL SHEIKH S 64076 BUNIA S 62463 HURGUADA S 64108 BANDUNDU· S 62465 KOSSEIR S 64115 INONGO S 64126 BOENDE S EQUATORIAL GUINEA 64146 LODJA S 64155 KINDU S 64810 MALABO S 64180 BUKAVU S 64820 BATA (RIO MUNI) S 64184 GOMA S 64207 MATADI S ERITREA 64210 KINSHASA/N'DJILI S 64210 KINSHASA/N'DJILI WR 63006 NACFA S 64222 KIKWIT S 63021 ASMARA S 64224 ILEBO S 63021 ASMARA WR 64228 TSHIKAPA S 63043 ASSAB S 64235 KANANGA S 64235 KANANGA WR ETIDOPIA 64247 MBUJI-MAYI S 64276 KONGOLO S 63330 MAKALE S 64282 MANONO S 63331 GONDAR S 64285 KALEMIE S 63333 COMBOLCHA S RESOLUTION 2 53

Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations

63334 DEBREMARCOS S 61832 CONAKRY /GBESSIA S 63340 LEKEMTE S 61833 FARANAH/BADALA S 63402 JIMMA S 61834 KISSIDOUGOU S 63403 GORE S 61849 N'ZEREKORE S 63450 ADDIS ABABA-BOLE S 63450 ADDIS ABABA-BOLE WR GUINEA BISSAU 63453 METEHARA S 63460 AWASSA S 61766 BISSAU (AEROPORTO INT. S 63471 DIREDAWA S OSVALDO VIEIRA) 63474 ROBE/BALE S 63478 GODE S KENYA 63500 ARBA MINCH S 63533 NEGHELLE S 63612 LODWAR S 63533 NEGHELLE WR 63619 MOYALE S 63624 MANDERA S GABON 63641 MARSABIT S 63661 KITALE S 64500 LIBREVILLE S 63671 WAJIR S 64500 LIBREVILLE WR 63695 MERU S 64501 PORT-GENTIL S 63708 KISUMU S 64503 MAYUMBA S 63714 NAKURU S 64510 BITAM S 63717 NYERI S 64551 LAMBARENE S 63720 EMBU S 64552 MITZIC S 63723 GARISSA S 64556 MAKOKOU S 63723 GARISSA WR 64560 LASTOURSVILLE S 63740 NAIROBI/KENYATTA AIRPORT S 64565 MOANDA S 63741 NAIROBIjDAGORETTI WR 63766 MAKINDU S GAMBIA 63793 VOl S 63799 MAUND I S 61701 BANJUL/YUNDUM S 63820 MOMBASA S 61721 GEORGETOWN S LESOTHO GHANA 68454 MASERU-MIA S 65416 BOLE S 68456 QACHA'S NEK S 65418 TAMALE S 65418 TAMALE WR LIBERIA 65432 WENCH! S 65437 KETE-KRACH! S 65660 ROBERTS FIELD S 65442 KUMASI S 65660 ROBERTS FIELD WR 65445 SEFWI BEKWAI S 65453 HO S LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA 65457 AKIM ODA S 65467 TAKORADI S 62002 NALUT S 65472 ACCRA S 62007 ZUARA S 65472 ACCRA WR 62010 TRIPOLI INTERNATIONAL S 65475 ADA S AIRPORT 62010 TRIPOLI INTERNATIONAL WR GUINEA AIRPORT 62016 MISURATA S 61809 LABE S 62019 SIRTE S 61811 SIGUIRI S 62019 SIRTE WR 61816 BOKE S 62053 BENINA S 61820 MAMOU S 62053 BENINA WR 61829 KANKAN S 62055 AGEDABIA S 61831 CONAKRY W 62059 DERNA S 54 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations

62062 TOBRUK S 61230 NIORO DU SAHEL S 62103 GHADAMES S 61233 NARA S 62103 GHADAMES WR 61250 MENAKA S 62120 GARIAT EL-SHARGHIA S 61257 KAYES S 62124 SEBHA S 61265 MOPTI S 62124 SEBHA WR 61270 KITA S 62131 HON S 61272 SEGOU S 62161 JALO S 61277 SAN S 62176 GIARABUB S 61285 KENIEBA S 62200 OBARI S 61291 BAMAKO/SENOU S 62212 GHAT S- 61291 BAMAKO/SENOU WR 62259 TAZERBO S 61293 KOUTIALA S 02271 KUFRA S 61296 BOUGOUNI S ·62271 KUFRA WR 61297 SIKASSO S

. MADAGASCAR MAURITANIA

67009 DIEGO-SUAREZ S 61401 BIR MOGHREIN S 67009 DIEGO-SUAREZ W 61404 ZOUERATE S 67012 FASCENE (NOSSI-BE) S 61415 NOUADHIBOU S 67025 ANTALAHA S 61415 NOUADHIBOU WR 67027 MAJUNGA S 61421 ATAR S 67045 MAEVATANANA S 61437 AKJOUJT S 67073 MAINTIRANO S 61442 NOUAKCHOTT S 67083 ANTANANARIVO/IVATO S 61450 TIDJIKJA S ·67083 ANTANANARIVO/IVATO WR 61461 BOUTILIMIT S 67095 TAMATAVE S 61497 NEMA S 67113 MAHANORO S 61498 KIFFA S 67117 MORONDAVA S 61499 AIOUN EL ATROUSS S 67137 FIANARANTSOA S 67143 MANANJARY S MAURITIUS ,67152 RANOHIRA S ·67157 FARAFANGANA S 61974 AGALEGA S 67161 TULEAR S 61986 ST. BRANDON (ST. RAPHAEL) S 67197 FORT-DAUPHIN S 61986 ST. BRANDON (ST. RAPHAEL) W 67197 FORT-DAUPHIN WR 61988 RODRIGUES S 61988 RODRIGUES W . MADEIRA 61990 PLAISANCE (MAURITIUS) S 61995 . VACOAS (MAURITIUS) S 08521 FUNCHAL/S.CATARINA S 61995 VACOAS (MAURITIUS) WR 08522 FUNCHAL WR MOROCCO 'MALAWI 60060 SIDI IFNI S 67489 MZUZU S 60101 TANGER (AERODROME) S 67586 LILONGWE INT'L AIRPORT S 60115 OUJDA S 67586 LILONGWE INT'L AIRPORT WR 60127 TAZA S 67693 CHILEKA S 60135 RABAT-SALE S 60150 MEKNES S MALI 60155 CASABLANCA S 60155 CASABLANCA WR 61202 TESSALIT S . 60156 NOUASSEUR S 61202 TESSALIT WR 60190 KASBA-TADLA S 61214 KIDAL S 60191 BENI -MELLAL S 61223 TOMBOUCTOU S 60191 BENI-MELLAL WR 61223 TOMBOUCTOU WR 60195 MIDELT S 61226 GAO S 60210 ERRACHIDIA S RESOLUTION 2 55

Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations

60210 ERRACHIDIA W 65019 KADUNA S 60220 ESSAOUIRA S 65028 KATSINA S 60252 AGADIR AL MASSIRA WR 65030 ZARIA S 60265 OUARZAZATE S 65046 KANO S 65046 KANO WR MOZAMBIQUE 65064 NGURU S 65073 POTISKUM S 67215 PEMBA S 65082 MAIDUGURI S 67217 LICHINGA S 65101 ILORIN S 67237 NAMPULA S 65123 MINNA S 67237 NAMPULA WR 65123 MINNA WR 67243 ZUMBO S 65134 JOS S 67261 TETE S 65145 IBI S 67283 QUELIMANE S 65167 YOLA S 67297 BEIRA S 65201 LAGOS/IKEjA S 67297 BEIRA WR 65202 LAGOS/OSHODI WR 67315 VILANCULOS S 65208 IBADAN S 67323 INHAMBANE S 65229 BENIN CITY S 67335 XAI XAI S 65243 LOKOjA S 67341 MAPUTO/MAVALANE S 65250 PORT HARCOURT S 67341 MAPUTO/MAVALANE WR 65257 ENUGU S 65264 CALABAR S NAMIBIA 65271 MAKURDI S

68010 OKAUKUEjO S 68014 GROOTFONTEIN S OCEAN ISLANDS 68016 MOWE S 68018 RUNDU S 61901 ST. HELENA IS. S 68104 WALVIS BAY (PELICAN POINT) S 61901 ST. HELENA IS. WR 68106 GOBABEB S 61902 WIDE AWAKE FIELD S 68110 WINDHOEK S (ASCENSION IS.) 68110 WINDHOEK WR 61902 WIDE AWAKE FIELD WR 68112 j.G.STRIJDOM S (ASCENSION IS.) 68116 GOBABIS S 61931 S. TOME S 68300 LUDERITZ (DIAZ POINT) S 61931 S. TOME W 68312 KEETMANSHOOP S 61934 PRINCIPE S 61967 DIEGO GARCIA S NIGER 61967 DIEGO GARCIA WR 61968 ILES GLORIEUSES S 61024 AGADEZ S 61970 ILEjUAN DE NOVA S 61024 AGADEZ WR 61972 ILE EUROPA S 61036 TILLABERY S 61976 SERGE-FROLOW (ILE TROMELIN) S 61043 TAHOUA S 61976 SERGE-FROLOW (ILE TROMELIN) WR 61045 GOURE S 61980 SAINT-DENIS/GILLOT (REUNION) S 61049 N'GUIGMI S 61996 MARTIN DE VIVIES (ILE S 61052 NIAMEY-AERO S AMSTERDAM) 61052 NIAMEY-AERO WR 61996 MARTIN DE VIVIES (ILE WR 61075 BIRNI-N'KONNI S AMSTERDAM) 61080 MARADI S 61997 ALFRED FAURE (ILES CROZET) S 61090 ZINDER S 61998 PORT-AUX-FRANCAIS (ILES S 61091 MAGARIA S KERGUELEN) 61096 MAINE-SOROA S 61998 PORT-AUX-FRANCAIS (ILES WR 61099 GAYA S KERGUELEN) NIGERIA RWANDA 65001 YELWA S 65015 GUSAU S 64387 KIGALI S 56 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations

SENEGAL 68263 PRETORIA (IRENE) WR 68277 MIDDELBURG DAM S 61600 SAINT-LOUIS S 68296 SKUKUZA S 61612 PODOR S 68322 TWEE RIVIEREN S 61627 LINGUERE S 68331 KATHU S 61630 MATAM S 68342 OTTOSDAL S 61641 DAKAR/YOFF S 68350 POTCHEFSTROOM S ·61641 DAKAR/YOFF WR 68368 JOHANNESBURG INTNL. AIRPORT S 61679 KAOLACK S 68370 BETHAL S 6168"7 TAMBACOUNDA S 68385 PIET RETIEF S 61687 TAMBACOUNDA WR 68416 POFADDER S 61695 ZIGUINCHOR S 68424 UPINGTON S 61698 KOLDA S 68424 UPINGTON WR 68438 KIMBERLEY S , SEYCHELLES 68442 BLOEMFONTEIN AIRPORT S 68442 BLOEMFONTEIN AIRPORT WR 63980 SEYCHELLES INTERNATIONAL S 68461 BETHLEHEM S AIRPORT 68461 BETHLEHEM WR 63981 PRASLIN S 68496 CAPE ST. LUCIA S .63985 SEYCHELLES INTER. AIRPORT WR 68512 SPRINGBOK S (RAWINSONDE STATION) 68512 SPRINGBOK WR ·63995 ALDABRA S 68524 VANWYKSVLEI S 68546 ALIWAL NORTH S . SIERRA LEONE 68580 CEDARA S 68588 DURBAN INTNL. AIRPORT S 61856 LUNGI S 68588 DURBAN INTNL. AIRPORT WR 61866 BONTHE S 68618 CALVINIA S 61892 SEFADU S 68712 CAPE COLUMBINE S 68727 BEAUFORT WEST S SOMALIA 68737 GRAAFF-REINET S 68816 CAPE TOWN INTNL. AIRPORT S 63170 HARGEISA S 68816 CAPE TOWN INTNL. AIRPORT WR 63175 BURAO S 68842 PORT ELIZABETH S 63180 ERIGAVO S 68842 PORT ELIZABETH WR 63190 LAS-ANOD S 68858 EAST LONDON S ·63200 ALULA S 68906 GOUGH ISLAND S 63210 BOSASO S 68906 GOUGH ISLAND WR 63220 SCUSCIUBAN S 68994 MARION ISLAND S 63225 GARDO S 68994 MARION ISLAND WR 63227 GAROE S 63228 ElL S SPAIN (CANARY ISLANDS) 63230 GALCAYO S 63235 OBBIA S 60010 lUNA S ·63237 ELBUR S 60015 TENERIFE/LOS RODEOS S 63240 BELETUEN S 60020 SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE, CMZ S 63247 ISCIA BAIDOA S 60020 SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE, CMZ WR ·63250 BARDERA S 60030 LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA/ S 63260 MOGADISCIO S GANDO 63260 MOGADISCIO WR 60040 LANZAROTE/ AEROPUERTO S 63270 CHISIMAIO S SPAIN (CEUTA AND MELILLA)

SOUTH AFRICA 60338 MELILLA S

SUDAN 68174 PIETERS BURG S 68174 PIETERSBURG WR 62600 WADIHALFA S 68242 MMABATHO S 62615 HALAIB S 68262 PRETORIA S 62620 STATION NO 6 S RESOLUTION 2 57

Index No. Statloll name Observatlo1lS Index No. Station name Observatlo1lS

62640 ABU HAMED S UGANDA 62641 PORT SUDAN S 62641 PORT SUDAN WR 63602 ARUA S 62650 DONGOLA S 63654 MASINDI S 62660 KARIMA S 63658 SOROTI S 62675 AQIQ S 63674 KASESE S 62680 ATBARA S 63682 JINJA S 62700 SHENDI S 63705 ENTEBBE AIRPORT S 62721 KHARTOUM S 63705 ENTEBBE AIRPORT WR 62721 KHARTOUM WR 62730 KASSALA S UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA 62750 ED DUEIM S 62751 WADMEDANI S 63729 BUKOBA S 62752 GEDAREF S 63733 MUSOMA S 62760 EL FASHER S 63756 MWANZA S 62760 EL FASHER WR 63791 KILIMANJARO AIRPORT S 62762 SENNAR S 63801 KIGOMA S 62770 GENEINA S 63832 TABORA AIRPORT S 62771 EL OBEID S 63832 TABORA AIRPORT WR 62781 ENNAHUD S 63844 TANGA S 62790 NYALA S 63862 DODOMA S 62795 ABUNA'AMA S 63866 MOROGORO S 62801 RENK S 63887 IRINGA S 62803 RASHAD S 63894 DAR ES SALAAM AIRPORT S 62805 DAMAZINE S 63894 DAR ES SALAAM AIRPORT WR 62809 BABANUSA S 63932 MBEYA S 62810 KADUGLI S 63962 SONGEA S 62840 MALAKAL S 63971 MTWARA S 62840 MALAKAL WR 63971 MTWARA WR 62880 WAU S 62941 JUBA S WESTERN SAHARA

SWAZILAND 60033 ELAAYOUNE S 60096 DAKHLA S 68396 MANZINI/MATSAPA AIRPORT S ZAMBIA TOGO 67403 KAWAMBWA S 65352 MANGO S 67413 MBALA S 65361 SOKODE S 67441 MWINILUNGA S 65376 ATAKPAME S 67461 MANSA S 65387 LOME S 67475 KASAMA S 67475 KASAMA WR 67477 MPIKA S TUNISIA 67481 ISOKA S 67531 ZAMBEZI S 60715 TUNIS-CARTHAGE S 67551 SOLWEZI S 60715 TUNIS-CARTHAGE WR 67561 NDOLA S 60735 KAIROUAN S 67581 CHIPATA S 60745 GAFSA S 67633 MONGU S 60748 SIDI BOUZID S 67641 KAOMA S 60750 SFAX EL-MAOU S 67655 MUMBWA S 60760 TOZEUR S 67663 KABWE S 60760 TOZEUR WR 67665 LUSAKA INTERNATIONAL S 60765 GABES S AIRPORT 60769 DJERBA MELLITA S 67666 LUSAKA CITY AIRPORT WR 60780 ELBORMA S 67673 PETAUKE S 58 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations

67741 SESHEKE S 67964 BULAWAYO (GOETZ OBSY.) WR 67743 LIVINGSTONE S 67965 BULAWAYO AIRPORT S 67753 CHOMA S 67969 WEST NICHOLSON S 67975 MASVINGO S ZIMBABWE 67977 BUFFALO RANGE S 67983 CHIPINGE S 67765 KAROl S 67991 BEITBRIDGE S 67774 HARARE (BELVEDERE) WR 67775 HARARE (KUTSAGA) S Legend: 67779 MOUNT DARWIN S Type of observation Count: 67843 VICTORIA FALLS S 67853 HWANGE NATIONAL PARK S S (Surface): 593 67861 GOKWE S W (Radiowind): 17 67867 GWERU S R (Radiowind/Radiosonde): 96 67867 GWERU W 67881 RUSAPE S Total stations: 706

RESOLUTION 3 (XII-RA I) RAPPORTEUR ON REGIONAL ASPECTS OF INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT, RELATED TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), (a) To update information on instrumentation NOTING: operated at meteorological stations, and on (1) Regional Association I (Africa) - Abridged final report its maintenance and calibration; with resolutions and recommendations of the eleventh (b) To prepare gUidance for the most effective session (WMO-No. 820), use of meteorological instrumentation; . (2) Resolution 4 (EC-L) - Report of the twelfth session (c) To keep abreast of all matters related to of the CIMO, instrument development; CONSIDERING: (d) To provide guidelines for coordination of (1) The importance of information on instrument education and training activities for instru development as guidance for improving the equip ment technicians in collaboration with RICs ment of surface-based observing stations with and the WMO Secretariat; sensors and automatic weather stations, (e) To facilitate communications between CIMO (2) The need for updating information on the status of and the regional association on matters per instrumentation used at meteorological stations and taining to capacity building in the field of on maintenance and calibration of instruments, instruments and methods of observation; (3) The need for coordinating education and training (f) To collaborate with the CIMO Co-rappor activities for observers, station inspectors and tech teurs on Capacity Building; nicians in the field of operation, maintenance and (2) To invite Mr F. D. Molotsi (Botswana) to serve as calibration of meteorological ins~ruments, Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Instrument DECIDES: Development, Related Training and Capacity Building; (1) To appoint a Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of (3) To request the rapporteur to submIt annual progress Instrument Development, Related ,Training qnd reports and a final report to the president of RA I at Capacity Building, with the following terms of ref least six months before the next session of the erence: Association. RESOLUTIONS 4, 5 S9

RESOLUTION 4 (XII-RA I) RAPPORTEUR ON SOLAR RADIATION

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), (a) To update the information on radiation NOTING: instrumentation and national radiation net (1) Regional Association I (Africa) - Abridged final report works as well as on maintenance and with resolutions and recommendations of the eleventh calibration; session (WMO-No. 820), (b) To provide guidance to Members on radia (2) Resolution 13 (EC-XXXIV) - Development and tion instrumentation and techniques and comparison of radiometers, their effective application and on archiving CONSIDERING: and presentation of data in better fulfilling (1) The requirements for high quality radiation meas the needs for various applications; urements for meteorological, related (c) To advise the president of the Association on environmental applications and especially for cli the issues related to NRCs and Regional mate change research, Radiation Centres (RRCs) and the radiation (2) The need for regular maintenance and calibration station network in the Region; of radiation instruments and the need to apply (d) To assist in the preparation and execution of consistent quality control procedures to the meas the Fourth RPC of RA I and in the evaluation ured data, of the results and their presentation, if (3) The need for technology transfer among Members required; related to radiation measurements, (e) To support the coordination of measures in (4) The need for updating the information on the status the field of radiation measurement, calibra of instrumentation used in national networks and tion of radiation instrumentation, as well as on maintenance and calibration of instruments, in education and training; (5) The need to coordinate education and training measures for observers and technicians in the field (2) To invite Mr M. A. Darwish (Egypt) to serve as of operation, maintenance and calibration of radia Rapporteur on Solar Radiation; tion instruments, (3) To request the rapporteur to submit annual progress DECIDES: reports and a final report to the president of RA I at (1) To appoint a Rapporteur on Solar Radiation with least six months before the next session of the the following terms of reference: Association.

RESOLUTION 5 (XII-RA I)

IMPLEMENTATION OF DATA COLLECTION PLATFORMS (nCps) IN AFRICA

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), plan including arrangements for training, maintenance NOTING: and management of the DCPs operating in RA I, (1) That there was a perennial problem of a deficiency INVITES: in the collection of meteorological reports from (1) The NMSs to urgently identify stations that are a observation sites at some NMCs, part of the RBSN that can be equipped with DCPs (2) That there was little or in certain cases no transmis which are readily accessible for maintenance sion of meteorological bulletins from some NMCs purposes; to the RTH for their insertion into the RMTN and (2) The NMSs individually to act as focal points for the then into the MTN, efficient operation of DCPs in their respective (3) That this deficiency was more critical in the follow countries; ing countries: Sudan, Somalia, Nigeria, Sierra (3) The NMSs to ensure the continuous generation of Leone, Ghana, Guinea, Angola, Uganda, meteorological observation at the DCP sites; Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Sao (4) The NMSs to assure a minimum ability to maintain Tome and Chad, the DCPs installed as a part of the National CONSIDERING that the experience gained in Phase I of Telecommunication Network, taking into account Operational WWW Systems Evaluation-Africa (OWSE-AF), other Members' experience in maintaining DCPs, and further progress made, was sufficient to specify in where possible; detail the technical requirements for reliable DCPs as a (5) The NMSs to assume full responsibility for the DCPs viable solution in enhancing the National Data provided under OWSE-AF operating in their own Collection, and to draw up a coherent implementation countries; 60 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFfH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

ENDORSES the criteria for selecting and procuring the INVITES Members concerned to solicit, through WMO, DCP equipment based on the previous experience of the the support of donor Members or organizations with a performance in the field and on the technical view to assisting in the timely implementation of the specifications, including use of GPS to synchronize DCP DCP in the critical areas; operations, and stringent procurement procedures and factory acceptance tests, as developed by the WMO REQUESTS: Expert Meeting on METEOSAT DCPs for the WWW (1) The Working Group on the implementation of (Geneva, March 1995); WWW in RA I, in collaboration with the relevant fuRTHER NOTING that some Members in RA I are not in countries and with the assistance of EUMETSAT and a position to cover fully the investment costs of new WMO, to develop procedures to ensure the optimal DCPs selected in accordance with the specification dissemination of DCP data on the GTS; above, particularly those to be implemented in the data (2) The Secretary-General to assist in the implementa sparse areas, tion of the contents of this resolution.

RESOLUTION 6 (XII-RA I)

TROPICAL CYCLONE COMMITTEE (TCC) FOR THE SOUTH-WEST INDIAN OCEAN

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), (a) To promote and coordinate the planning and NOTING: implementation of measures required to (1) Resolution 5 (Cg-XII) - Tropical Cyclone minimize loss of life and damage caused by Programme (TCP), tropical cyclones in the South-West Indian (2) Resolutions of the General Assembly of the United Ocean; Nations - IDNDR, (b) In carrying out its functions under (a) above (3) Decisions of the United Nations Commission on and in relation to those functions, the the Sustainable Development of Small Island Committee should: Developing States, (i) Promote the implementation within (4) The final reports of the twelfth and thirteenth ses the region on activities of tropical sions of the RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for cyclone disaster reduction, taking into the South-West Indian Ocean, account the long-term effects of glob (5) Regulations 32 and 35 of the WMO General al warming and associated climate Regulations, change on the air-sea interaction (6) Sections concerning the TCP in Part I (overall related to tropical cyclones; policy and strategy) and Volume 1 of Part II (ii) Assess the degree of success of estab (detailed plans) of the Fourth WMO Long-term Plan lished disaster reduction methods and (4LPT), the status of related plans and effect CONSIDERING: improvements; (1) The need for the countries in the South-West (iii) Review regularly the progress made in Indian Ocean region affected by tropical cyclones the various fields of tropical cyclone to continue to work together and to increase action disaster mitigation; to reduce the loss of human life and damage caused (iv) Suggest those measures which should each year by tropical cyclones, be taken to improve the tropical (2) The need for coordination in the implementation cyclone warning system in the South of the regional cooperation programme elaborated West Indian Ocean; by the RA I TCC, . (v) Advise on the possible sources of finan (3) The view expressed by the Executive Council that cial and technical support for such such regional cooperation programmes are the basis measures and where appropriate coordi for the success of the WMO TCP, nate regional projects with such support; (4) The need to implement projects in the region (vi) Consider and recommend working aimed at achieving the goals of the IDNDR and the arrangements and coordination mech Sustainable Development of Small Islands anisms with international and Developing States, regional centres, as well as other DECIDES: regional tropical cyclone bodies; (1) To re-establish a working group to be known as the (vii) To coordinate and update research RA I TCC for the South-West Indian Ocean, with activities on Tropical Cyclones, the following terms of reference: especially those occurring in the RESOLUTION 7 61

South-West Indian Ocean subregion, (3) To deSignate, in accordance with Regulation 32 of and exchange the findings of such the WMO General Regulations, Mr R. R. Vaghjee activities among the countries in the (Mauritius) as Chairman of the Committee; subregion; (4) To invite Kenya and Australia to deSignate experts (viii) Act as an advisory body on regional to serve as ex-officio members; matters related to implementation and (5) To invite the chairman of the Working Group on operation of RSMC La Reunion - Hydrology to deSignate an expert of a Member of Tropical Cyclone Centre and the subre the Committee to participate in its work; gional tropical cyclone advisory centres; (6) To invite the chairman of the Committee, in con (ix) Coordinate as appropriate with other sultation with the president of the Association, subsidiary bodies of RA I on matters to develop the terms of reference of and to desig related to tropical cyclones; nate a Rapporteur on Disaster Prevention and (x) Review education training require Preparedness; ments related to the above activities, (7) To request the chairman of the Committee to sub adhering to gUideline endorsed by mit a report to the president of the Association not the forty-eighth session of the later than six months before the thirteenth session Executive Council. of the Association; (2) To invite the following Members to be represented REQUESTS the Secretary-General: on the Committee: (1) To continue to provide support in order to convene Botswana Mozambique biennial sessions of the Committee; Comoros South Africa (2) To take the necessary steps to assist the Committee France Seychelles . and to provide appropriate Secretariat support for Lesotho Swaziland its activities. Madagascar United Republic of Tanzania Malawi Zimbabwe NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 9 (XI-RA I), which is no Mauritius longer in force.

RESOLUTION 7 (XII-RA I)

RAPPORTEURS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CLIMATE INFORMATION AND PREDICTION SERVICES (CLIPS) IN RA I

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), (b) To review the needs of user groups for cli mate information including monthly to NOTING: seasonal forecasts; . (1) Resolution 9 (Cg-XII) - Climate Information and (c) To keep abreast of research activities on Prediction Services (CLIPS), African climate variability, with particular (2) That the goals set for the implementation of the emphasis on the activities and plans of CLIPS project are to ensure provision of integrated WCRPjCLIVAR in this area; and climatic information and prediction services, (d) To be informed on Regional develop (3) That its members are contributing to a range of ments. with respect to aspects of atmospheric CLIPS activities, including Climate Outlook Fora, pollUtion, both on urban and regional scales; CONSIDERING: (2) To request the rapporteurs to submit annual (1) That the implementation of CLIPS in the Region progress reports to the president of the Association, should be kept under constant review, and final reports not later than six months before (2) That there is a need for close coordination in the the thirteenth session of the Association; implementation of CLIPS in the Region, (3) Requests the Secretary-General to provide the nec essary support to the rapporteurs; DECIDES: (4) To invite Mr S. Baya (Mali) to serve as the rappor (1) To appoint three rapporteurs on the implementa teur on CLIPS for western and northern countries of tion of CLIPS in the Region, with the following the Region, Mr L. Ogallo (Kenya) to serve as the rap terms of reference: porteur on CLIPS for eastern and central countries (a) To act as focal points for CLIPS activities of the Region, and Mr L. Unganai (Zimbabwe) to including the conduct of climate fora and serve as the rapporteur on CLIPS for southern coun other related activities; tries of the Region. 62 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

RESOLUTION 8 (XII-RA I) RAPPORTEURS ON AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), use of remote sensing and the application of NOTING: geographical information systemsj (1) Resolution 13 (Cg-XII) - Agricultural Meteorology (2) To appoint Mr T. F. Nikiema (Burkina Faso) as Programme, Rapporteur on Meteorological Factors in Land and (2) Abridged final report with resolutions and recommenda Ecosystem Degradation with the following specific tions of the eleventh session of the Commission for objectives: Agircultural Meteorology (WMO-No. 825), (a) To review and evaluate the extent to which (3) Resolution 12 (XI-RA I) - Working Group on agrometeorological knowledge and informa Agricultural Meteorology, tion have been adequately used in the (4) The report of the working group submitted to the formulation of National Action Plans for the twelfth session of the Association, including its rec implementation of UNCCD and provide guide ommendations, lines for future responses from the Membersj (5) UNCCD and its Regional Implementation Annex (b) To review and evaluate agrometeorological for Africa, factors used in preventing and combating (6) The forthcoming twelfth session of CAgM in Accra, bush and forest fires in Africa and develop Ghana, February 1999, guidelines for future considerationj RECOGNIZING: (3) To appoint Mr M. R. Muchinda (Zimbabwe) as (1) The importance of agriculture to the economic Rapporteur on Data Needs for Agrometeorology development of many countries in the Region, with the following specific objectives: (2) That operational agrometeorology has considerable (a) To review and evaluate existing methods of potential to improve agricultural production, observation and networks of agrometeoro (3) That studies on drought and desertification should logical field stations in the Regionj' be continued as an integral part of development of (b) To define and map the meteorological factors agrometeorology in the Region, associated with areas of infestation of locust DECIDES: and army worm and other pests that are hin (1) To appoint Mr E. Mersha (Ethiopia) as Rapporteur dering economic development in Africa, and on Agrometeorological Methods and Practices fol promote preventative measureSj lowing the specific objective: (4) To request the Secretary-General to provide the (a) To review and evaluate proven agrometeoro necessary support to the rapporteursj logical methods and practices and their (5) To invite the rapporteurs to submit annual progress successful adaptation and adoption· at the reports on their activities and final reports to the farm level in Africa, including the use of sea president of the Association six months prior to the sonal to interannual climate forecasts, the thirteenth session of the Association.

RESOLUTION 9 (XII-RA I) RAPPORTEUR ON REGIONAL MARINE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), DECIDES: NOTING the report of the Rapporteur on Regional Marine (1) To appoint two Rapporteurs on Regional Marine Meteorological Services for the Western Indian Ocean Meteorological Services with the following terms of and information on future plans on marine activities reference: within the Atlantic Ocean, (a) To continuously review the status of the CONSIDERING: implementation of marine meteorological (1) The need for continued development of marine services and marine observing systems in meteorological services in Region I, Region I and to formulate suggestions for (2) The need to continue close liaison with CMM their further developmentj Working Group on Education, Training and (b) To take action on marine meteoro Implementation Support with regard to matters logical matters assigned by the president affecting the Region, of RA Ij RESOLUTIONS 10, 11 63

(c) To liaise with the CMM Working Group on (3) To request the rapporteurs to submit annual Education, Training and Implementation reports, as appropriate, to the president of the Support on specific matters concerning Association with a final report to be presented six Region I; months prior to the thirteenth session of the (2) To invite Mr S. Ragoonaden (Mauritius) to serve as Association; the Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteorological REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist the rapporteurs Services for the West-Indian Ocean and Mr L. E. in their work, as appropriate. Edefienene (Nigeria) to serve as Rapporteur on Marine Meteorological Services for the Eastern NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 14 (XI-RA I) which is no Atlantic; longer in force.

RESOLUTION 10 (XII-RA I) INVOLVEMENT IN OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), oceanographic services and research and global climate studies for such data, NOTING: URGES Members: (1) Resolution 16 (Cg-XII) - WMO's involvement in (1) To continue and, where possible, expand their operational oceanography, existing operational ocean observing system facili (2) Resolution 2 (EC-XLVIII) - Report of the seventh ties and activities, as contributions to WWW, session of the Joint IOC/WMO Committee for IGOSS and GOOS; IGOSS, (2) To participate actively in the planning and imple (3) Resolution 16 (XI-RA V) - Participation in the mentation of these systems; Joint IOC/WMO IGOSS, (3) To coordinate with appropriate national oceano CONSIDERING that oceanographic observations not only graphic agencies and institutions to ensure the make a significant contribution to operational meteorol long-term operational maintenance of oceano ogy and the provision of marine services, but also are graphic observing systems; essential to global climate studies generally, (4) To coordinate with appropriate national oceano RECOGNIZING: graphiC agencies and institutions in developing (1) That some Members of the Association are actively oceanographic data management capabilities and involved in the deployment and maintenance of a oceanographic services; variety of ocean observation facilities, for both (5) To enhance two-way ship-to-shore telecommunica operational and research purposes, tion arrangements for oceanographic data and (2) That Members of the Association are also increas products, in particular through the greater use of ingly being reqUired to provide coordinated satellite-based telecommunications facilities such as meteorological and oceanographic services for a the INMARSAT system; large variety of marine user groups, REQUESTS the Secretary-General to take any action con (3) That GTS will continue to be essential for the sidered necessary, and within the available budgetary operational collection and exchange of many types resources, to assist Members to participate in the devel of ocean data, opment and maintenance of IGOSS and GOOS. RECOGNIZING FURTHER that a substantial increase in the amount of ocean data available operationally is needed NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 16 (XI-RA I) which is no to satisfy the requirements of operational meteorology, longer in force.

RESOLUTION 11 (XII-RA I) WORKING GROUP ON HYDROLOGY REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), (3) Resolution 20 (Cg-XII) - World Hydrological Cycle NOTING: Observing System, (1) The report of its Working Group on Hydrology, (4) The results and recommendations of important (2) Resolution 18 (Cg-XII) - Hydrology and Water events in the field of hydrology and water Resources Programme, resources, particularly those relating to issues raised 64 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

at the International Conference on Water and (b) To promote the implementation of the prior Environment (Dublin, January 1992) and at the ity activities in the African Water Resources United Nations Conference on Environment and Action Plan as identified during the previous Development (Rio de Janerio, June 1992), intersessional period; (5) The report on Comprehensive Assessment of the (c) To work in coordination with the relevant Freshwater Resources of the World, economic grouping having programmes in (6) The Statement and the Programme of Actions of water resources; the African Conference on Water Resources: Policy (2) To invite Members to nominate national and Assessment, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1995, hydrological experts, who should preferably be the CONSIDERING the value of national Hydrological Services national HAs of the Permanent Representatives, to in the socio-economic development for the countries of serve on the respective steering committees and the Region, and the important role of RA I in the imple attend their meetings. The chairman of the working mentation of WMO's regional activities in the field of group is requested to designate experts to serve on hydrology and water resources, the following Steering Committees: East Africa, West DECIDES: Africa, Central Africa, North Africa and Southern (1) To establish a Working Group on Hydrology, con Africa; sisting of a core membership of a chairman and five (3) To designate, in accordance with Regulations 167(b) coordinators of subregionai steering committees for and 32, respectively, of the WMO General Regula East, West, Central, North and Southern Africa, tions, Mr J. Welllens-Mensah (Ghana) as the RHA respectively, with terms of reference as given below. and chairman of the Working Group on Hydrology. The core group will undertake the following: REQUESTS the RHA and chairman of the Working Group (a) To cooperate with CHy, other WMO bodies on Hydrology: and international organizations on projects (1) In his capacity as Regional Hydrological Adviser, to related to hydrology and water resources; assist the president of RA I, according to the duties (b) To provide assistance and advice to the presi stipulated in WMO General Regulation 167(b); dent of the Association on all questions (2) As chairman of the Working Group on Hydrology, pertaining to the regional aspects of the HWRP; to prepare a work plan and, in consultation with (c) To collaborate with the WMO Secretariat as the president of the Association, to designate required in implementing the HYCOS proj experts to serve as coordinators of the five subre ects in the Region; gional Steering Committees and to assign to these (d) To carry out case studies based on experi experts, the case studies listed in 1(d) above; ences in the Region on the role of Water (3) To deSignate a national hydrological expert of a Resources Assessment on: Member of TCC to provide liaison between TCC (i) The impact of natural disaster forecast and the RA I Working Group on Hydrology; ing; (4) In both capacities as chairman and RHA, to submit (ii) The impact of drought and desertifica- to the president of the Association an annual report tion; on 1 December of each year, and a final report not (iii) The design of water supply systems; less than six months prior to the thirteenth session (iv) The design of multi-purpose dams; of RA I; (v) The environmental impact of various URGES the Members concerned to provide full water resources development projects support to the experts from their countries in order to (irrigation, drainage, reservoirs); ensure that they are able to fulfil the tasks assigned to (e) To continue to provide adequate liaison with them; TCC on the hydrological component of its REQUESTS the Secretary-General to publish the technical plan; technical report prepared by the working group in the Each steering committee will undertake the technical documents series and distribute it to all con following: cerned. (a) To review the status of implementation of the recommendations of the African Conference NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 17 (XI-RA I), which is on Water Resources; no longer in force. RESOLUTIONS 12, 13 6S

RESOLUTION 12 (XII-RA I) RAPPORTEURS ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), amendments relevant to RA I, considering NOTING: the changing demands and new develop (1) The Fourth WMO Long-term Plan (LTP), Part II, ments as reflected in the WMO Long-term Volume 6, WMO Education and Training Plans; Programme (WMO/TD-No. 706), 1996, (e) To examine the existing syllabi in educational (2) Resolution 22 (Cg-XII) - Education and Training programmes in Meteorology and Hydrology Programme, for primary and secondary schools, universi CONSIDERING: ties and public education, and propose (1) The continued pressing need by Members for capac improvements with a view to harmonizing ity building and human resource development in the curricula; meteorology and related fields essential to econom (f) To assess needs in the training of instructors ic and social development, in the Region; (2) The need to coordinate and carry out an in-depth (g) To study the existing library facilities in the study of regional needs in the field of education Region, including the WMO Training Library and training in meteorology and related fields, and WMO depository library in the Region, (3) The important and active role which continued to examine their capacity and capability to be played by RA I in the implementation of WMO meet Regional needs, and recommend areas regional activities in the field of education and of improvement; training in meteorology and related fields, (h) To examine the pOSSibility of developing DECIDES: training aids such as CAL modules by experts (1) To appoint two Rapporteurs on Education and in the Region; Training with the following terms of reference: (i) To identify and assess the new meteorologi (a) To keep under review the evolution of train cal training needs in the Region, such as ing techniques and programmes at the environmental issues and climate change; international level and recommend and (j) To work closely with the Executive Council advise on their applicability and adaptability Panel of Experts on Education and Training; to Region I; (2) To invite the following experts to serve as rappor (b) To review and coordinate the activities teurs: and/or training programmes of RMTCs and Mr M. Diarra (Niger) National Meteorological and Hydrological Mr W. Jordan (South Africa) Training Centres in Region I, and suggest (3) To request the president of the Association, in con ways of improving and enhancing their lev sultation with the two rapporteurs, to assign els of performance; responsibilities for specific terms of reference to (c) To review the effectiveness of the current each of them. training programmes of the RMTCs and suit REQUESTS the rapporteurs to submit annual progress ability to Members' needs, and advise on reports and a final report to the president of the new fields in which training programmes Association not later than six months prior to the thir should be developed; teenth session of the Association. (d) To review the Guidelines for the education and training of personnel in meteorology and opera NOTE: This Resolution replaces Resolution 18 (XI-RA I), which is tional hydrology (WMO-No. 258) and propose no longer in force.

RESOLUTION 13 (XII-RA I) RAPPORTEUR ON LONG· TERM PLANNING

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), (3) Twelfth World Meteorological Congress - Abridged NOTING: final report with resolutions (WMO-No. 827), para (1) Resolution 29 (Cg-XII) - Fourth WMO Long-term graphs 7.0.1 to 7.3.9, Plan (4LTP), (4) Forty-eighth session of the Executive Council-Abridged (2) Resolution 30 (Cg-XII) - Preparation of the Fifth final report with resolutions (WMO-No. 846), para WMO Long-term Plan (5LTP) for 2000-2009, graphs 12.1 to 12.4, 66 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

CONSIDERING: and evaluation of the WMO Long-term Plans (1) That the long-term planning process is an iterative relevant to the activities of the Association; and interactive process, (c) To review matters relating to the preparation (2) That the Association should participate fully in the of the WMO Long-term Plan; monitoring and evaluation, as well as the prepara (d) To review the WMO Planning Process; tion of Long-term Plans, (e) To undertake the above tasks, taking into (3) That the participation of the Association in the account the situation, interests, capabilities, WMO planning process will be facilitated by desig needs, and aspirations of RA I Members; nating a regional focal point, (f) To submit relevant proposals to the president DECIDES: of the Association; (1) To appoint a Rapporteur on Long-term Planning, (g) To undertake pertinent activities that may be who will assist the president of the Association assigned by the president of the Association; in this area and with the following terms of (2) To invite the vice-president of the Association to reference: serve as Rapporteur on Long-term Planning; (a) To serve as a regional focal point on long REQUESTS the rapporteur to submit yearly interim term planning; reports and his final report to the president of RA I not (b) To participate in the review of the status of later than six months before the next session of the implementation, as well as the monitoring Association.

RESOLUTION 14 (XII-RA I) ADVISORY WORKING GROUP OF THE REGIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR AFRICA

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), including implementation of their recom NOTING: mendations; (1) The report to the fiftieth session of the Executive (d) To address other issues not covered by work Council of the Task Team on the Structure of WMO ing groups or rapporteurs: established by Twelfth Congress, (e) To assess and evaluate the implementation of (2) The report to fiftieth session of the Executive the Regional Programme in relation to the Council Working Group on Long-term Planning, WMO Long-term Plan and advise the (3) Fiftieth session of the Executive Council - Abridged president on appropriate actions, in final report with resolutions (WMO-No. 883). particular on: CONSIDERING a proposal by the president of the (i) Decisions requmng review and Association, restructuring of the WWW systems RECOGNIZING: such as the GTS, GOS and GDPS; (1) That due to budgetary constraints the number of (ii) ReqUirements and priorities of events working groups to be established or re-established to be organized in the Region; by the Association would have to be limited, (f) To advise the president on ways and means of (2) The need to have a mechanism to address issues not enhancing technical assistance to Members handled by other working groups or rapporteurs, in the Region for the implementation of DECIDES: national and regional meteorological and (1) To establish an Advisory Working Group of RA I hydrological programmes and projects. with the following terms of reference: (2) To invite the president to act as chairman of the (a) To advise the president on matters related to Advisory Working Group, which is composed of the the work of the Association, in particular on president, the vice-president and five directors of matters requiring actions which cannot await NMHSs to be invited by the president. the next regular session of the Association; REQUESTS: (b) To advise the president in planning and (1) The president to ensure that all subregions are rep coordinating the work of the Association and resented on the Advisory Working Group; its subsidiary bodies; (2) The president to report to the Association at its reg (c) To review the structure and working of the ular sessions on the activities of the Advisory subsidiary bodies of the ASSOCiation, Working Group. RESOLUTIONS 15, 16 67

RESOLUTION 15 OCII-RA I)

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AFFECTING NMHSs IN RA I

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), in this endeavour, as well as to the Secretary NOTING: General to continue to provide advice and guidance (1) The advances taking place in technology and the to Members on evolving new technologies, serious impact this has on the operational activities COMMENDS: ofNMHSs, (1) The Secretary-General for providing timely infor (2) The Third EUMETSAT User Forum, Rabat, Morocco, mation and guidance on evolving technologies 21 to 25 September 1998, affecting NMHSs; RECALLING: (2) VCP and other donors for providing assistance to (1) The closure of the Omega navigational system in replace the Omega navigational systems by alterna September 1997 and the difficulties Members of tive technologies; RA I are facing to replace their upper air stations (3) EUMETSAT for organizing user fora to keep NMHSs with new alternative wind observing systems, and other users abreast of the application of satel (2) The planned changes of the EUMETSAT systems lite information; as of the Year 2000, which will make most REQUESTS the Secretary-General: ground receiving stations, on which most NMHSs (1) To support, in coordination with EUMETSAT, the in RA I are dependent upon for their operations, activities of the EUMETSAT Task Team on the obsolete, preparation for the use of MSG in Africa, through (3) The "Year 2000 Problem" which should be project formulation, resource mobilization, dis addressed to make facilities used by NMHSs com tance learning (interactive multimedia), and patible with the year 2000, assisting the Task Team in its efforts to sensitize sub CONSIDERING: regional economic groupings and donors; (1) The conclusions and recommendations of the RA I (2) To include in his programme and budget proposal Seminar on Technological Changes, which was held for the thirteenth financial period allocation for in Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania on 13 organizing training events in RA I related to new October 1998, technologies; (2) The information provided by the Chairman of the (3) To continue his efforts in assisting Members of RA I Task Team established by the Second EUMETSAT to cope with technological changes, including User Forum (December 1996) for the purpose of those related to polar orbiting and geostationary mobilizing resources to assist countries in RA I to satellites, computers and telecommunications, acquire new satellite user stations to enable NMHSs through the provision of information, advice and to exploit the services provided by the MSG guidance; Satellite Systems, REQUESTS the president of RA I: (3) The support of the forty-ninth session of the (1) To bring the contents of this Resolution to the Executive Council to the EUMETSAT/WMO initia attention of Thirteenth Congress; tive and the request by the fiftieth session of the (2) To report to the next session of the Association on Executive Council to development partners to assist the implementation of this Resolution.

RESOLUTION 16 (XII-RAI)

APPOINTMENT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), particularly those related to the strengthening RECALLING: of the scientific, technical and human resources Resolution 22 (XI-RA I) - AppOintment of the capabilities of the NMHSs in developing Secretary-General, countries, NOTING WITH APPRECIATION: (3) The outstanding initiatives and commendable (1) The devotion of Professor G. O. P. Obasi as efforts of Professor Obasi in ensuring the effective Secretary-General of the World Meteorological and enhanced involvement of WMO in global issues Organization to the promotion of the purposes of related to the environment, in particular the WMO and to the development of the NMHSs of activities related to IPCC, UN/FCCC, UNCCD and Member countries, IDNDR, which have substantially enhanced the (2) The untiring efforts of Professor Obasi in support of image of WMO and provided greater recognition of the various activities of the regional associations, its role with respect to relevant global issues, 68 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

NOTING FURTHER: CONSIDERING the highly commendable manner in which (1) Resolution G9A of the Fourteenth Sessions of the Professor Obasi has performed his duties as Secretary League of Arab States Permanent Committee on GeneralofWMO, Meteorology supporting the candidature of REAFFIRMS its full confidence in his continued leader Professor Obasi to continue as Secretary-General of ship; WMO for the thirteenth financial period, URGES Members to give their full support to Professor (2) Decision CM/Dec. 431 (LXVIII) of the Sixty-eighth Obasi as the Secretary-General of the Organization to Ordinary Session of the Council of Ministers and enable him to continue with his efforts and initiatives Thirty-fourth Summit of the Heads of State and for the development of meteorology, operational Government of the Organization of African Unity hydrology and related diSCiplines; (OAU) on African Candidatures for posts within the RECOMMENDS to Thirteenth Congress that Professor United Nations System and other International Obasi be appointed Secretary-General of the Institutions lending the support of the OAU to the Organization for the thirteenth financial period; candidature of Professor Obasi for re-election as REQUESTS the president of the Association to bring this Secretary-General of the WMO, resolution to the attention of the Thirteenth Congress.

RESOLUTION 17 (XII-RA I)

RAPPORTEURS ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN RA I

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), (d) Prepare advice and guidance materials on NOTING: matters related to the IPCC periodically for (1) Resolutions 7 and 8 (Cg-XII), dissemination to Members through the pres (2) That climate change issues are of crucial impor ident as required; tance to the Member countries of the Region, (2) To appoint Mr P. Gwange (Uganda) as Rapporteur (3) That its Members are participating in the wide on matters relating to the UN/FCCC with the fol range of activities related to the work of UN/FCCC lowing terms of reference: and IPCC, (a) To keep abreast of matters relating to the CONSIDERING: UN/FCCC; (1) That many NMHSs in the Region are the principal. (b) To act as a focal point in the region for national focal pOints for climate change issues, Members seeking information on activities (2) That there is a need for effective communications of the UN/FCCC and related environmental between Members and NMHSs with respect to cli protocols; mate change issues, (c) To review the opportunities for NMHS par DECIDES: ticipation in the implementation of the (I) To appoint Mr B. S. Nyenzi (United Republic of UN/FCCC and related environmental proto Tanzania) as Rapporteur for the Region on matters cols in the Region; relating to IPCC, with the following terms of reference: (d) Prepare advice and guidance materials on (a) Keep abreast of ongOing processes related to matters related to the UN/FCCC periodically the preparation of the Third Assessment for dissemination to Members through the Report of the IPCC; president as required; (b) Act as a focal point for the Region with (3) To request the rapporteurs to submit annual respect to communications from the IPCC progress reports to the president of the Association, Secretariat; and final reports not later than six months before (c) Participate as far as possible in meetings and the thirteenth session of the Association; activities related to IPCC activities relevant (4) Requests the Secretary-General, as appropriate, to to the Region; facilitate the work of the rapporteurs. RESOLUTION 18 69

RESOLUTION 18 (XII-RA I)

REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION AND OF RELEVANT RESOLUTIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), DECIDES: NOTING paragraph 3.7.1 of the general summary of (1) To keep in force the following resolutions: the ninth session of the Executive Council, 29 (VI-RA I); 6 (X-RA I); 13 (X-RA I); 20 (X-RA I); CONSIDERING: 8 (XI-RA I); 10 (XI-RA I); 15 (XI-RA I); 19 (XI-RA I). (1) That a number of its resolutions adopted before its (2) Not to keep in force the other resolutions and rec twelfth session have been revised and incorporated ommendations adopted before its twelfth session; in relevant resolutions of the twelfth session, (3) To publish the text of the resolutions kept in force (2) That several of its previous resolutions have been in the annex to this resolution. incorporated in appropriate WMO publications or have become obsolete, (3) That some of the previous resolutions require fur NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 23 (XI-RA I), which is ther action or are still to be implemented, no longer in force.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 18 (XII-RA I)

RESOLUTIONS OF RA I ADOPTED PRIOR TO ITS TWELFTH SESSION AND MAINTAINED IN FORCE

Resolution 29 (VI-RA I) (2) To take, without delay, the preparatory steps that MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING will permit their Meteorological Services to pro vide the requested services in the field of marine REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), pollution monitoring; NOTING: (3) To make their coastal meteorological obser (1) WMO Sixth Congress conclusion concerning the role ving stations available for marine pollution moni of IGOSS in respect of marine pollution monitoring, toring purposes, including the taking of water (2) IOC Executive Committee Resolution 11 (EC-II) samples, as well as a more extensive monitoring of requesting IPLAN to pursue the planning of a Marine the relevant ocean-atmosphere physical parame Pollution Monitoring Programme Pilot Project, ters; addressed to oil and petroleum hydrocarbons, WELCOMES the arrangements made by WMO and IOC (3) Recommendation 90 of the first United Nations to promote the training of technical personnel in Conference on the Human Environment, developing countries in observational aspects of (4) Recommendation 13 (CMM-VI) - Marine pollu marine pollution monitoring. tion monitoring, (5) Resolution 25 (VI-RA I) - Role of meteorology and climatology in economic development and Resolution 6 (X-RA I) human environmental problems in Africa, THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL (6) That the monitoring of marine pollution, in par OBSERVING SYSTEM ticular observations of oil slicks, should be accompanied by observations of the standard REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), meteorological variables such as wind, air and sea NOTING: surface temperature, and atmospheric pressure, (1) Resolution 25 (Cg-X) - Second WMO Long-term CONSIDERING: Plan, including the WWW Implementation (1) That the Mediterranean Sea and the ocean areas Programme for Region I (1988-1997), around Africa are heavily traversed by tankers, (2) The progress being made in the implementation (2) That existing coastal meteorological facilities suit of the AS DAR, ASAP and drifting buoy pro ably developed could significantly support the grammes, implementation of the Pilot Project and that some CONSIDERING: Members have already expressed their willingness (1) The importance of an effective RBSN and the need to give such support, to integrate the RBSN within the overall GOS, URGES Members: (2) The need to have comprehensive and realistic (1) To ensure that their Meteorological Services are information on the value of new observing sys represented on national environment-monitoring tems, their costs and their interfaces with other bodies; parts of the regional programme, 70 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFrH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

INVITES Members to participate in the deployment and (2) To assist Members concerned in the implemen use of new observing systems and, individually or tation of the plan. collectively, to evaluate the effectiveness of these systems and their integration in WWWj Resolution 20 (X-RA I) INVITES Members bordering seas to consider the joint MARINE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES IN . establishment of upper-air stations (on fixed platforms REGION I or using ASAP) in sea areasj URGES Members to: REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), (1) Provide additional surface observations in ocean NOTING: areas using the VOS Scheme, buoys and suitable (1) Resolution 19 (lX-RA I) - Marine meteorological fixed platformsj services in Region I, (2) Consider the possibility of deploying ASAP sys (2) Resolution 20 (lX-RA I) - Port meteorological tems on ships and ASDARs or other automated services data collection systems on aircraft flying suitable (3) Second WMO Long-term Plan, Part II, Volume 4, routes over the oceanj Section 4.3 - Marine Meteorology and Associated (3) Examine the communication facilities and data Oceanographic Affairs Programme, quality control procedures to ensure that the data (4) Resolution 14 (Cg-X) - Marine Meteorology and are of high quality and received at the data pro Associated Oceanographic Activities Programme cessing centres in a timely fashionj for the period 1988-1991, REQUESTS the Rapporteur on the Regional Aspects (5) Resolution 11 (EC-XLI) - Development of a glob of GOS appointed under Resolution 2 (X-RA I) to keep al operational ocean observing system, abreast of developments in the implementation of this (6) Recommendation 6 (CMM-X) - The WMO VOS resolution by Members and to report to the next ses scheme, sion of the Association. (7) Final report of the first session of the CMM Subgroup on Observations and Telecommuni Resolution 13 (X-RA I) cations (Geneva, February 1990), general summary, TECHNICAL PLAN OF THE RA I CYCLONE COM section 4, MITTEE FOR THE SOUTH-WEST INDIAN OCEAN CONSIDERING: (1) That, in addition to shipping and deep-sea fishing, REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), marine activities such as coastal fisheries, offshore NOTING: operations, coastal development works, harbour (1) Resolution 5 (Cg-X) - Tropical Cyclone Programme, development, etc. call for increased marine mete (2) The series of resolutions by the General Assembly orological support, of the United Nations calling for international (2) . That NMSs should be in a position to provide the cooperation and action by WMO for the mitiga necessary marine meteorological services for the tion of the harmful effects of storms, in particular safety and economy of these activities, in connection with IDNDR, (3) That an adequate forecast service to coastal and (3) With appreciation the final reports of the eighth offshore areas needs the backing of observational and ninth sessions of TCC for the South-West data from these areas and that, in addition, these Indian Ocean, data are essential in support of climate monitor (4) Resolution 12 (X-RA I) - Tropical Cyclone ing, research and prediction, Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean, (4) That the real-time collection of observational data CONSIDERING: from the sea areas surrounding the continent and (1) The need for the Members affected by tropical islands of RA I is of fundamental importance to cyclones to join together to develop a regional the provision of meteorological services for marine programme of action to reduce the loss of human activities, lives and damage caused by tropical cyclones and (5) That the establishment or expansion of port mete associated phenomena, orological services will be of particular importance (2) The need to establish a regional plan and an in obtaining increased observations, especially implementation programme, from the ocean areas in the tropics and the south DECIDES to adopt the Technical Plan of the RA I TCC ern oceans, for the South-West Indian Ocean as given in the annex* URGES Members: to this resolutionj (1) To develop their national marine meteorological AUTHORIZES the president of RA I to approve on behalf of services to meet, the growing demands for combined the Association amendments to the plan, as recommend meteorological and related oceanographic informa ed by the RA I TCC for the South-West Indian Oceanj tion in support of marine activities on high seas, in REQUESTS the Secretary-General: coastal and offshore waters and in and near portSj (1) To notify all Members concerned of any amend ments to the plan adopted by the Associationj * Updated and reissued at regular sessions of the RA I TCC. RESOLUTION 18 71

(2) To make every effort to establish a network of sta (2) The lessons gained from the OWSE-AF as guidance tions in coastal areas for providing the necessary on the efficient implementation and use of the meteorological and related oceanographic obser satellite capabilities in RA I, vations for marine services and in support of (3) That the implementation and use of these climate and global change studies; new technologies require the establishment of an (3) To take steps to improve communications links infrastructure for long-term support and between their national centers (NMCs) and GTS operational management of the DCS/DRS at centers in the countries operating INMARSAT regional level, Coastal Earth Stations (CES); (4) The critical role of assistance programmes in (4) To take all possible steps to improve the operation enhancing the capabilities of developing countries of coastal radio stations (CRSs) responsible for col to participate in the activities of the WWW, lecting observational data and ensure that the ENDORSES the designation of RSMCs Nairobi and Dakar CRSs are kept in force and operational at least as operational management and monitoring centres of unti11999; the DCS/DRS, at regional level; (5) To establish or strengthen port meteorological URGES: services in all major ports in their countries in sup (1) Members to implement DCP/DRS systems and port of ships operating in the Region and with a MDD service as an integral part of the African com view to increased data collection from these ocean ponent of WWW systems; areas; (2) Donors to support the implementation and use of (6) To cooperate fully with the two Regional DCS/DRS and MDD as an integral part of the Rapporteurs in the discharge of their tasks; WWW in Region I; REQUESTS the Secretary-General: (3) RA I Member countries and donors to coordinate (1) To arrange for the two Rapporteurs to meet with a their support for the establishment of a manage view to harmonizing their work programme with ment and monitoring function in RA I; in the Region; REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist in the (2) To assist countries in the setting up of marine implementation of the contents of this resolution. meteorological and oceanographic observation networks and in providing appropriate informa Resolution 10 (XI-RA I) tion and assistance as reqUired. TROPICAL CYCLONE OPERATIONAL ·PLAN FOR THE SOUTH-WEST INDIAN OCEAN Resolution 8 (XI-RA I) IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF NEW REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), SATELLITE-BASED TECHNOLOGIES AS PART OF NOTING: WWW SYSTEMS COMPONENT IN REGION I (1) A series of resolutions by the General Assembly of the United Nations calling for international coop REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), eration and action by WMO for the mitigation of NOTING: the harmful effects of storms, in particular in con (1) The continuing difficulties with the operation of nection with IDNDR, GTS in Region I, (2) Resolution 6 (Cg-XI) - Tropical Cyclone Programme, (2) The final reports and recommendations on (3) The final report of the eleventh session of the RA I OWSE-AF, TCC for the South-West Indian Ocean, (3) The potential to improve meteorological telecom (4) Resolution 9 (XI-RA I) - TCC for the South-West munications in Region I through the use of Indian Ocean, satellite-based systems, CONSIDERING: (4) Resolution 1 (CBS-X) - Support for OWSE-AF, (1) The need to enhance cooperative efforts by EXPRESSES: countries within the tropical-cyclone-prone south (1) Satisfaction that both Phases I and II of the eastern part of Region I in carrying out effectively OWSE-AF were completed with positive results; their roles in coordinated arrangements for prepar (2) Gratitude to those who participated in the ing and issuing meteorological forecasts and OWSE-AF and made it a success, especially the warnings of all tropical cyclones affecting the area, donors France, Germany, United Kingdom and the (2) That, to achieve this aim, it is essential to have an United States; agreed tropical cyclone operational plan for the (3) Gratitude to the OWSE-AF Steering Group for its South-West Indian Ocean describing the coordi successful management of the implementation of nated arrangements and defining the observing, the OWSE-AF; forecasting and warning responsibilities of all CONSIDERING: cooperating countries, (1) The potential for greatly improved information DECIDES to adopt the Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan bases to be achieved by the effective integration of for the South-West Indian Ocean issued in the TCC Report the DCS/DRS and MDD into the WWW in Region I, series (Report No. TCP-12) as WMO/TD-No. 577; 72 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

AUTHORIZES the president of RA I to approve, on behalf INMARSAT-C, to ensure the maximum efficiency of the Association, amendments to this Tropical and cost-effectiveness of such an operationj Cyclone Operational Plan, as recommended by the RA I (3) All Members which have designated coastal radio TCC for the South-West Indian Oceanj stations to continue their operation for the next REQUESTS the Secretary-General to inform all Members five to ten years, or until INMARSAT becomes fully concerned of any amendments to and updating of the operational, so that ships not yet equipped with operational plan. INMARSAT-C stations can continue to provide meteorological reportsj NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 14 (VIII-RA I), which is REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist Members in no longer in force. the implementation of this resolution.

Resolution 15 (XI-RA I) NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 16 (V-RA I), which is USE OF INMARSAT FOR THE COLLECTION OF no longer in force. SHIPS' METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC REPORTS Resolution 19 (XI-RA I) SUPPORT TO THE TECHNICAL COOPERATION REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), (TCO) PROGRAMME NOTING: (1) Resolution 19 (Cg-XI) - The collection and dis REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I (AFRICA), semination of marine meteorological and NOTING: oceanographic information using INMARSAT, (1) With concern the decline in UNDP funding avail (2) Resolution 16 (V-RA I) - Collection, exchange and able for technical cooperation activities in support distribution of ships' weather reports, of meteorological and hydrological services at (3) The equipping of an increased number of ships national and regional levels, participating in the WMO VOS scheme with Ship (2) The negative consequences of the above decline Earth Stations (SES) of INMARSAT, in particular of the resources of the WMO Secretariat in support with the INMARSAT-C facility, of technical cooperation activities and on the CONSIDERING: operations of the NMHSs and national and region (1) The need to increase the number of ships' meteor al institutions, as well as on the operation of the ological and oceanographic reports from most of vital WWW facilities in the Region, the sea areas of Region I, RECOGNIZING: (2) The considerable improvements to be expected in (1) That the TCO Programme is vital to the Members the receipt of marine meteorological and oceano of the Region and is one of the core responsibili graphiC observations from ships at sea through the ties of the WMO, enhanced use of the INMARSAT system, (2) That several national and regional institutions (3) The cost savings which will accrue to those have benefited from external assistance to estab Members collecting such reports through lish and sustain their activities, INMARSAT by the increased use of the new NOTING FURTHER: INMARSAT-C facility for this purpose, (1) The efforts deployed by the Secretary-General to RECOGNIZING with appreciation that certain Members mobilize new and additional resources, operating INMARSAT CESs have already arranged (2) The proposals to be submitted by the Secretary through their CES to accept ships' meteorological and General to the Eleventh Congress on the future oceanographic reports that are of general value to all structure of the TCO Programme in light of the Members of WMO, recommendations of the Study Group on , BEING CONCERNED however, that problems continue to Technical Cooperation established by the be related to the timely redistribution to the countries Secretary-General and of the forty-sixth session of closest to their geographical origin of reports collection the Executive Council, through INMARSA1: CONSIDERING the serious economic difficulties being URGES: encountered by most Members in the Region, (1) Members concerned to make every effort to ensure URGES Members to deploy additional efforts in seeking the timely global redistribution on the GTS of funding for traditional as well as new sources, in sup reports collected through INMARSAT to all port of national, regional and international Members and iIi particular to countries in the areas meteorological and hydrological servicesj of the geographical origins of those reportsj REQUESTS the Secretary-General: (2) All Members in the Region operating VOS (1) To ensure that continued adequate secretariat sup equipped with INMARSAT-C to make every effort port is available for technical cooperation for these ships to be supplied with the new soft activitiesj ware package for the compilation and (2) To continue his efforts in mobilizing resources for transmission of meteorological reports through the benefit of Members, including the WMO VCP. ANNEXES

ANNEX I Annex to paragraph 3.5 of the general summary

VOTE OF THANKS AND CONGRATULATIONS

Regional Association I (Africa), (3) His efficiency in representing the Regional NOTING with satisfaction: Association in various constituent bodies and (1) The sincerity and devotion with which Mr K. forums at the regional and international levels, Konare has carried out his tasks as President of the Regional Association for two successive terms of EXPRESSES its sincere thanks and heartfelt congratula office, tions to Mr Konare for the excellent work he has (2) His readiness and the climate of trust and solidarity accomplished and the progress achieved by the he has promoted within the Regional Association, Association under his leadership.

ANNEX II Annex to paragraph 4.3.29 of the general summary

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR STRENGTHENING GTS IMPLEMENTATION IN REGION I

National GTS implementation, in particular observational METEOSAT DCPs data collection 4. It was noted that DCPs via METEOSAT had the potential to dramatically improve national data collec Public telecommunication services tion, in particular in areas where the public 1. It was noted that switched telecommunication serv telecommunication infrastructure was not available. It ices provided by Public Data Networks (PDNs) and was particularly emphasized that DCPs had the required PSTNs were cost-effective and efficient in areas where reliability for operation, taking into account the experi the public telecommunication infrastructure was avail ence gained during OWSE-AF and the further technical able, depending upon the national tariff policies. progress made. Functional and operational specifica 2. A system (EURAFTEL) utilizing microwave networks tions for DCPs with a view to facilitating their effective (e.g. Pan-African Telecommunications (PANAFTEL)) and and successful integration in WMO Programmes, includ complementary radiolinks for connecting meteorologi ing guidelines for the procurement of DCPs, factory cal stations was noted. The system was technically acceptance tests, and for training of operating and tech effective, but high tariffs for leasing microwave channels nical staff, were developed taking due account of African from national telecommunication authorities had not requirements. It was stressed that DCPs should be com facilitated its implementation. plemented by other communication means for administrative communications, where necessary. Radio-telecommunication systems (HF, VHF) 3. National data collection using HF voice radio trans Regional GTS implementation ceivers was still efficiently operated in a number of countries, and continued to be an efficient mean. Public telecommunication services Modern HF digital radio-telecommunication systems, 5. It was noted that switched telecommunication providing both voice and data communications, could services provided by PDNs and PSTNs were cost-effective be efficient for supporting both data exchange and and efficient when the traffic was limited, depending administrative communications between meteorological upon the tariff poliCies of the national stations and NMCs. Tests on the suitability of this type telecommunications providers involved. These services of equipment for meteorological purposes were being were efficient for complementing pOint-to-point GTS carried out by ASECNA. circuits, or even for establishing GTS links where leased 74 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

circuits were not available or not cost-effective in view of Services via telecommunication satellites the actual traffic to be exchanged. Recurrent costs 10. It was noted that telecommunication Services via could however become quite high when the traffic satellite offered an attractive and cost-effective possibility increased, in particular with X.25 PDN. New services, for dramatically improving meteorolOgical telecommuni such as Frame Relay services, appeared to be much more cations in Region I. Several meteorological data cost-effective. distribution systems via satellite were providing a full or 6. The recent availability of Managed Datacom partial coverage of Region I: SADIS, ISCS, RETIM and FAX munication Network Services, which had led to the E. The satellite facilities operated by the United Kingdom development of a new RMTN concept in Region VI, the comprised SADIS, the ICAO satellite-based distribution Regional Meteorological Data Communication Network system for meteorological products for civil aviation; and (RMDCN), was also noted with great interest. These new a planned WWW data programme carried by the United services were likely to be quickly developed and made Kingdom Satellite Facility (UKSF), which shared a com available in most countries of the world. The GTS cir mon infrastructure with SADIS. Although the UKSF cuits between RA I NMCs or RTHs and RA VI centres WWW information programme was mainly aimed at could be replaced in the near future by a connection to meeting Region II requirements, it was thought that it an "extended RMDCN", which would provide higher would provide a useful complement to WWW centres in capacity links and more cost-effective services for inter Region 1. It was important that WWW centres equipped regional exchange. (or planned to be equipped) with SADIS, ISCS, RETIM or FAX-E ensured that the satellite receiving equipment be The Internet integrated into the centre's facilities through a local area 7. It was noted that the development of the Internet network (LAN), to facilitate the handling and operational was uneven, in particular in some parts of Africa, but use of data and products for various applications. was rapidly evolving. At the time, the Internet could not 11. It was noted that the ASECNA VSAT network, called generally guarantee the quality of service (reliability and STACOM, which extended to the Western and Central committed information rate) which was required for the African area and also induded Madagascar, provided for operational real-time exchange of meteorological data voice and data communications for civil aviation pro and products for the WWW. However, the use of the grammes. The STACOM network operated via the Internet was considered effective for exchanging infor International Telecommunications Satellite Organization mation that could accept possible delays, and possibly (INTELSAT) satellites using International Business for operational data exchange in certain situations, in Services (IBS) and FASTCOM services. The STACOM net particular for processed products. Adequate security work had the additional capacity to support upgraded measures for an open Internet co-existing with a dedi GTS links, and provided a unique opportunity for an cated GTS and operational systems were considered important upgrade of the RMTN in the Western and crucial. The implementation of the adequate equipment Central African area, also induding Madagascar. It was and software for ensuring the required security may be felft that adequate coordination for implementation and quite complex and expensive. operations should be developed, involving ASECNA and countries concerned, with a view to a consistent and Leased dedicated circuits comprehensive plan. 8. The cost-effectiveness of leased telegraphic circuits 12. Plans were being developed for upgrading civil avi was dramatically decreasing in comparison to other ation and meteorological telecommunications for SADC types of data transmission circuits. There was a similar countries, and satellite-based telecommunications were trend with analogue leased telephone-type Circuits, being considered. These developments also provided an which were progressively being replaced by digital data interesting opportunity for upgrading the RMTN in the circuits. In some countries, the telecommunications southern part of Africa. providers had already stopped proViding services of ana 13. INMARSAT services provided very effective data logue leased circuits. transmissions, which could meet meteorological reqUirements, in particular by using small terminal earth Data distribution systems via meteorological satellites stations (e.g. Type M). However, the running costs were 9. EUMETSAT MDD and DRS services, provided by quite high and were not affordable for most NMHSs. METEOSAT-7, which had been integrated into the RMTN These systems could be appropriate for providing back of Region I, remained an essential component of the up communications. GTS. In the framework of the programme for MSG, MDD and DRS transmissions would be replaced by and inte Radio broadcasts grated into the fully digital LRIT and HRIT 14. HF radio broadcasts had high recurrent operating transmissions, with an overlap period of three years costs and a limited efficiency. Several GTS centres had from 2001 to 2003. It was considered essential that MDD already discontinued the operation of HF radio broad and DRS receiving equipment at NMCs and RTHs be casts, in some instances by replacing the HF broadcasts replaced in due time (i.e. before 2003) by LRIT or HRIT by more cost-effective systems, such as satellite distribu receiving eqUipment, induding appropriate interfaces to tion systems. It was felt that efforts should continue the WWW centres' facilities. towards these upgrades, maintaining HF broadcasts only ANNEX III 7S where the remaining requirements could not be met by personnel responsible for maintaining and managing alternative means. automated systems based on the current standard com puter techniques. NMHSs, which were planning the Implementation of NMCs and RTHs introduction of computer-based systems at their NMCs, 15. The adoption of industry standards for the GTS, should take the necessary measures for ensuring an ade such as TCP/IP, was providing better opportunities quate basic training on information technology for a sustainable introduction of computer-based (computer and data-communications) to their relevant GTSIGDPS systems in many NMCs. First steps for a sus staff. This basic training was not specialized for meteor tainable automation of small NMCs were made feasible ology, and could be provided by a number of by using available, affordable and maintainable tech educational institutions. nologies based on PCs and the TCP liP stack of protocols. 17. It was felt that all the components for the Automation of NMCs using off-the-shelf hardware and automation of NMCs should be integrated to facilitate software components was only possible if and where a various operational applications. These elements reliable telecommunication circuit with the RTH existed included satellite-receiving eqUipment (MDD, SADIS, or could be implemented, and if the RTH was able to ISCS, RETIM, FAX-E, secondary data user stations handle TCP liP. RTHs were invited to plan the introduc (SDUS) or primary data user station (PDUS)), message tion of TCP liP as soon as pOSSible, with a view to switching and telecommunications system, workstations, facilitating automation of their associated NMCs. database servers, data-proceSSing systems, should be 16. It was felt that basic training in computer and data equipped with LAN interfaces to facilitate their communications was needed for meteorological interconnection.

ANNEX III Annex to paragraph 4.3.36 of the general summary

AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON -THE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM, VOLUME II, REGION I, PART I

Paragraph 3.4 Zones of responsibility of RTHs: Algiers-Madrid (pending RA VI endorse Add NMC Asmara (Eritrea) as NMC associated to ment); RTH Nairobi. (ii) Delete the inter-regional circuit Cairo Damascus; Section 3.5 Configuration of the regional meteorological (iii) Add the regional Circuits Dakar- telecommunication network: Antananarivo (Ivato), Cotonou-Lagos and . Amend Figure 1 lithe regional meteorological Asmara-Nairobi; telecommunication network for Region I (Africa)" (iv) Delete the regional circuits Nairobi-Lusaka, . as follows: . . Lome-Abidjan and Tunis-Casablanca. (i) Add the interregional circuits Pretoria Washington (pending RA IV endorsement) The new Figure I, as amended, is included in the Niamey-Toulouse, N airobi-Toulouse and fo1lowing attachment. '1 ..------~-- .... ~ ...... - 0\ --:. -:. -:. :. :. :. :. :.::.::][~~:';'~ " \ , I --- --,,'

rf~~t~;E~f.]l ~ S'" C"l ~ 0-:; ~ '"~ o :::j

o0-:; Sl t%:l

Ien ~ oz o 0-:;

om RTH ~ o .... E;; " , en D NMC , , o "...... : : o L...... J Centre in other region " " ~ MTNcircuit '-- ~

Regional loop

Regional circuit

Regional Meteorological Tele~ommunication Network for Region I (Africa) point-to-point circuits ANNEXES IV, V 77

ANNEX IV Annex to paragraph 13.3 of the general summary

REGIONAL AND SUBREGIONAL OFFICES (AFRICA)

Member countries of RA I served by the Subregional 2. Member countries served by the Subregional Office Offices: for Western, Central and Northern Africa: 1. Member countries served by the Subregional Office Algeria Guinea-Bissau for Eastern and Southern Africa: Benin Liberia Angola Mauritius Burkina Faso Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Botswana Mozambique Cameroon Mali Burundi Namibia Cape Verde Mauritania Comoros Rwanda Central African Republic Morocco Djibouti Seychelles Chad Niger Egypt Somalia Cote d'Ivoire Nigeria Eritrea South Africa Democratic Republic Republic of the Congo Ethiopia Sudan of the Congo Sao Tome and Principe France (Reunion) Swaziland Gambia Senegal Kenya United Republic of Tanzania Gabon Sierra Leone Lesotho Uganda Ghana Togo Madagascar Zambia Guinea Tunisia Malawi Zimbabwe

ANNEX V Annex to paragraph 14.1.2.1 of the general summary

RA I AWARENESS SEMINAR ON TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES (ARUSHA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA, 13/10/98)

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS months. They were to prepare the transition in order to ensure there was no loss of data, keeping in 1. PUBLIC EDUCATION mind MSG ground receiving equipment should be 1.1 Greater cooperation was called for between NMHSs in place in time. and adult education/development education part 2.2 It was agreed that RA I Members should support the ners to develop curricula that integrated work of the Task Team set up by the Second considerations of meteorological and hydrological EUMETSAT User Forum for mobilizing resources in roles into educational vehicles which reached key preparation for the transition to MSG. development sectors at all levels (especially rural, 2.3 As the potential donors for this project were to be urban development, agricultural sectors). approached through the subregional economic 1.2 It was agreed that local educational materials (print, groupings, it was agreed that Members should play audio and film) should be developed, showing links a proactive role and take the initiative with the between disasters, hydrological and meteorological suregional economic groupings to support the proj risk management and sustainable development. ect, stressing the vital importance of satellite 1.3 It was agreed that existing teaching/educational meteorology in Africa and on the regional dimen institutions should be strengthened, to develop sion of the project. interdisciplinary programmes in applied science. 2.4 It was agreed that RA I Members should start 1.4 It was agreed that interdisciplinary research should preparing projects for developing new operational be promoted, especially that which dealt with products from data provided by MSG, not only in national and local hazards and vulnerability the traditional fields of activity covered by processes and their interplay, as well as disaster loss Meteorology, but also in other fields of applica to form local educational priorities with sound tions, such as Natural Resources Management. research findings. 3. METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES WITHIN A 2. METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES CHANGING TECHNOLOGY 2.1 It was agreed that RA I countries should realize that 3.1 It was agreed that NMHSs should recognize the MSG Satellites would be launched within 24 need to restructure in order to meet the challenges 78 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

of the new technology and to offer user- and client production and services), and better service delivery friendly services and products. to users and customers. 3.2 Presentation of Commercial Development Skills 5.3 Before adopting technology-based systems, particu were to be incorporated in relevant WMO-spon larly for operational applications, it was vital to sored seminars/workshops and meetings and be ensure that the technology (both hardware and introduced in WMO RMTCs in order to create software) was sustainable, and that it was suffi awareness. ciently reliable to meet the requirement. 3.3 Decision-makers and users of meteorological prod 5.4 It was felt that the design and implementation of a ucts and services were to be educated on the fact new technical system should be informed by a that cost sharing was necessary and should be clearly defined user requirement - the user must adopted. be engaged from the outset. 3.4 Noting that there were many countries which had 5.5 To realize the potential of a new IT, and its applica started the process of "Alterna tive Service tion, it was felt that staff ideally needed to have Delivery", the Association agreed to invite WMO to knowledge of the technology and of its practical assist Member countries in this endeavour. application as users. As these skills may not have 3.5 A mechanism to oversee the activities of been found in individuals, it was likely to require

1/ Alternative Service Delivery" in RA I was to be effective team working. developed. 5.6 Plans to implement technical systems carry the risk of failure. It was felt that a good way of minimizing 4. El NINO (1997/98) that risk was to use project management methods 4.1 The effects of the 1997/98 El Nifio rains were devas which: tating in Africa, with considerable loss of life and (a) Defined objectives; destruction of infrastructure, particularly roads, (b) Identified arid secured the human, financial with financial losses in billions of dollars. and other resources required; 4.2 Due to the public awareness of El Nifio, NMHSs had (c) Established a project plan and set milestones the chance to demonstrate through tangible out to be achieved at specified dates; and puts of forecasts their ability to provide their Cd) Monitored progress rigorously. services. 5.7 Becoming a more technology-based NMHS was 4.3 The Climate Fora held in Africa as a result of the seen to have implications for the organization of El Nino showed the need for each Member country that NMHS. Management structures would have to to understand fully the local variations and condi be revised to reflect that change, as would recruit tions in order to identify dequately the El Nino ment, training, and career development of staff. signals early enough to make accurate predictions. Hardware and software costs of all systems were 4.4 The data availability in RA I was very low and it was ongoing, and in some cases substantial. Advance agreed that efforts should be made to expand the planning was seen as vital to sustaining and devel observational network and improve the means of oping IT-based systems. Financial and other data exchange (telecommunications). resource commitments had to be antiCipated. 5.8 Some systems were too large to be addressed by a 5. IMPACT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY ON THE single NMHS. The opportunities for regional and OPERATION OF NMHSs INCLUDING THE international collaboration needed to be kept under "YEAR 2000 PROBLEM" constant review, and pursued as appropriate. 5.1 It was noted that the'impact of new technology on 5.9 The Year 2000 Problem issue remained the major IT the operation of NMHSs manifested itself in virtu challenge for the coming 15 months. Critical dates ally all the basic operational and research activities were judged to be 01/01/1999; 09/09/1999; of a modern service, through computers, satellites, 01/01/2000; 29/02/2000. A particular concern was telecommunications, observing sensors and many telecommunications, where failure could lead to other IT-based systems. This impact was expected to substantial losses of both observational data and increase in the coming years. forecast dissemination. Satellite operations and 5.2 New technology presented opportunities for more their ground eqUipment were alSo critical. All par accurate forecasts, increased cost-effectiveness ties were needed to play their fun part in effectively (through automation and rationalization of addressing the issue of compliance. ANNEXES VII, VII 79 ANNEX VI Annex to paragraph 14.2.8 TASK GROUP ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESOLUTION 40 (Cg-XII) AND RELATED ISSUES IN RA I

Terms of Reference: issues and aspects that were of specific relevance to (a) Study the implications of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) African countriesi and and the relevant WIPO activities in light of the spe (d) To prepare guidance material on Resolution 40 cific situation of the African countriesi (Cg-XII) for use by Members in RA I. (b) Advise Members through the president on the Composition: meaning and practical implications and implemen The Association decided on the composition of the Task tation of the Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) and conditions Group as follows: put on "additional" data and products by some E. A. Mukolwe (Kenya) Members and the ECMWFi K. Konan~ (Mali) (c) Advise Members through the president on the areas A. Diouri (Morocco) of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) that were still subject to G. Schulze (South Africa) interpretation, and provide guidance on the related M. Zinyowera (Zimbabwe).

ANNEX VII Annex to paragraph 14.5.3 FIFTH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF - METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES IN AFRICA

1. GENERAL (d) Ensure that capacity building, in line with the con 1.1 The Fifth Technical Conference on Management cept of bridging the gap between the level of for the Development of Meteorological Services in Africa services provided by developed and developing considered the following issues raised by the Secretary countries, as elaborated by WMO, formed part of General of WMO in his opening statement and urged the priority actions under the national develop Directors of NMSs in Africa to take into account, in the ment plani management of their NMSs, the following pOints, and it (e) Develop and strengthen their capacities in major recommended that NMSs do their utmost to implement support areas, such as planning and management, these suggestions: resource mobilization, information and public (a) Prepare or update the development plan for the affairs and international cooperation. This would Service in support of the national development help improve their effectiveness and visibilityi plan and review the structure of the Service. Such a (1) Take initiatives to promote strategic alliances and plan and corresponding restructuring would lead to cooperation with relevant institutions, such as gov greater recognition by the policy makers of the con ernment agencies and academic institutions, as well tribution of the Service to sustainable development. as non-governmental organizations and the private The WMO Long-term Plan could provide a major sector. In this regard, it was necessary to interact inputi with decision makers, funding agencies and the (b) Demonstrate their usefulness by providing the media. This should include holding of awareness needed services to users, optimizing the use of facil seminars and distribution of promotional materialsi ities, personnel and other resources already (g) Study, assess and provide objective information on available to them, including products obtained the impacts of meteorological and hydrological from Regional and World Meteorological Centres. related disasters on socio-economic activities. The They should also identify the services that they high benefit-to-cost ratio of the services provided could provide if additional resources were to be should be highlightedi made available. The contribution of cost recovery (h) Exploit appropriately the opportunities offered by schemes, where feasible, should be included in this WMO and other international organizations and exercisei participate actively in international activities. This (c) Ensure that issues such as climate change, desertifi would enable the Services to keep abreast of devel cation, freshwater availability, environmental opments in meteorology and related fields and degradation and disaster mitigation are incorporat encourage them to meet their obligations and reap ed during the formulation of the national the maximum benefit from support and assistance development plani provided by these organizations. 80 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

1.2 The Conference agreed that member countries WMO to assist Members in their endeavours to address should make greater efforts to participate in the sessions this pressing problem. of technical commissions of WMO where discussions 2.4 The Conference recommended that NMSs closely taken in their presence or absence were binding on follow activities related to the protection of radio fre Members. quencies allocated to meteorological aids and to keep 1.3 The Conference recognized the opportunities abreast of the relevant decisions of the World Radio offered by such gatherings for Directors to interact and Conference (WRC)-1997 concerning the radio frequen exchange experiences among themselves. In particular, cies currently allocated to radiosondes. It further it valued the visits organized by the host countries for recommended that NMSs should establish contacts with such events to their NMSs. In this regard, the partici national delegations at the WRC and to make them pants visited Morocco's NMS during the Conference and aware of the impacts the restriction would have on the appreciated with admiration the efforts deployed by the NMSs in the availability of radio frequencies. Kingdom of Morocco for the development and progress 2.5 The Conference invited the Secretary-General of of meteorology in Morocco. The Conference encouraged WMO to keep NMSs informed of the plans of environ countries such as Morocco to make available their mete mental satellite operations related to the transition from orological facilities to other NMSs in Africa through analogue to digital broadcast format. appropriate cooperation mechanisms. In addition, the 2.6 The Conference recommended that the Conference recommended that the Association review Association, through its working group, continue to and restructure the various regional centres with a view review the meteorological telecommunications in Africa to including the facilities of such NMSs in its network of and come up with innovative ideas to exploit new tech centres. nologies for the benefit of all. 2.7 The Conference considered teaming up efforts and 2. ADAPTATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF NMSs resources of individual NMSs, under bilateral and multilat TO THE NEW ECONOMIC ORDER eral arrangement in the field of instrument maintenance, 2.1 In considering the state of the art of management procurement and manufacturing. It recommended to set of modern scientific institutions such as NMSs, the up a pilot project among some volunteering Members to Conference recommended that: study the potential options and constraints and develop a (a) Training programmes in relevant management step-wise approach to cooperative arrangements, possibly techniques be organized by Directors of NMSs local through a joint funding mechanism. ly through national resources, bilateral and 2.8 The Conference noted several factors impeding multilateral assistance. Directors of MNSs should the production and use of meteorological information take advantage of management training pro in developing countries. These were cultural and related grammes in their respective countries; to the values people abscribed to their interaction with (b) Knowledge of modern management and skills the environment, as well as lack of human and financial should be exchanged between African NMSs. WMO resources. In this regard, it recommended that: and relevant regional and subregional institutions (a) NMSs should perform their own studies on a should assist in the facilitation of such exchanges; country-by-country basis to identify factors that (c) Examples of alternative modern organizational inhibited the production of meteorological informa structure of scientific institutions should be tion and the use of that information by user considered by NMSs, with particular attention to the communities; need to adapt a more customer-focused structure. (b) NMSs should increase contacts with the user com The structure should also take account of evolving munities to ensure the usefulness of their products economic, technological and scientific and services; developments; (c) NMSs should provide training to their staff in pro (d) The planning and implementation of information motion of their products and services as well as system strategies for individual NMSs should be customer liaison techniques. considered by relevant managers. Such systems should address planning, identifying user require 3. ADAPTION OF METEOROLOGY TO OTHER ments, developing applications and necessary RELATED DISCIPLINES, FOLLOW-UP TO infrastructure. UNCED, INCLUDING CAPACITY BUILDING 2.2 The Conference agreed that modern technology 3.1 The Conference noted that most Africain coun did not always bring about reduction in the operating tries were affected by drought and desertification, and costs of services. When properly applied and managed it that several articles of the UNCCD concerned the activ would, however, increase the effectiveness of the service ities which involved Meteorological and Hydrological and improve the quality of the output. Services. In this respect, the Conference recommended 2.3 The Conference examined the impact of the ces that NMSs should actively participate in the develop sation of the Omega radio naVigation systems on 30 ment, elaboration and implementation of the national, September 1997. It urged NMSs to inform the WMO subregional and regional action programmes which Secretariat of their relevant contingency plans for the could be developed in the process of the implementa replacement of the system. The Conference requested tion of the Convention. ANNEX VII 81

3.2 The Conference noted that the economies of sev services in the Region. It was emphasized that this eral African countries were affected by climate demand could be satisfied only by cost-effective and effi variability. It further noted that projected climate cient NMHSs which should receive for this purpose an change may have social and economic impacts on many adequate support from national government and inter African countries. It therefore urged NMSs to take neces national institutions, especially WMO. sary measures to strengthen their climate monitoring 4.2 In the domain of public weather services, the and prediction activities, particularly in the context of need was emphasized for accurate advisory services con the CLIPS project. In this regard, the Conference recom cerning severe weather events and user-oriented quality mended that: weather forecasts. The Conference supported the estab (a) NMSs should ensure active participation in the lishment of a Working Group on PWS under CBS and IPCC, UN/FCCC and UNCCD processes and playa recommended that the WMO PWS Programme be fur lead role in the development and preparation of the ther developed and strengthened. national communications; 4.3 Concerning climate application and services, it (b) Measures be taken by NMSs to provide for adequate was emphasized that cost-effective climate services training in negotiation skills in order to participate would be viable if, and only it an appropriate interac in the implementation of the UN/FCCC and tion with users could be established and the benefits, be UNCCD in order to ensure that issues relevant to the they economic, social or environmental, would be NMSs' mandates were treated in the most effective shown in a convincing way, through suitable marketing way, in particular through the formulation of specif and raising public awareness. ic projects to be developed under the Conventions; 4.4 The Conference recognized that NMHSs needed (c) Countries take steps to establish national climate to market some of their weather and climate products to committees; cover, at least partly, expenses related to their opera (d) NMSs should promote public awareness in the tions. However, this process should not jeopardize the implementation of the UN/FCCC and UNCCD, as free and unrestricted exchange of data and products well as the IPCC scientific assessment process; among NMSs, in compliance with decisions of Congress. (e) NMSs should participate actively in any dialogue 4.5 The Conference recognized the importance of and negotiation on the development of common the WMO CLIPS project to assist NMSs in the establish African views in the evolving processes of UN/FCCC ment and/or upgrading of their climate services and to and UNCCD. promote networking of these services to ensure 3.3 The Conference agreed that in order to advance exchange or transfer of experience, methodologies and, the development of meteorology, the contribution of as appropriate climate products. The Conference consid allied fields such as hydrology and oceanography should ered that such a networking would usefully complement not be overlooked. In this regard the Conference recom an existing structure of climate-related centres in the mended that NMSs consider the integration or close Region, such as ACMAD and DMCs. coordination, as appropriate, of the activities related to 4.6 The meeting agreed that, taking into account the these fields. level of development of Meteorological Services in 3.4 The Conference agreed that the directors of the Africa, as well as the recognition of the value of meteor NMSs should continue their efforts to facilitate the asso ology by governments and the public, not all ciation of institutions and experts in the field of meteorological products could be commercialized or geosciences in national and international activities relat treated under cost-recovery schemes. Warning services ed to meteorology. to protect citizens' life and property from hazardous 3.5 The Conference recommended that the directors weather phenomena, which was the responsibility of of NMSs should: governments, should be provided free of charge. The (a) Establish links between weather services and higher Conference, therefore, recommended that NMSs should educational and technological research and devel adapt flexible schemes to generate funds through cost opment institutions; recovery schemes or commercializing some of their (b) Introduce incentive schemes to attract experienced products. In this context, the Conference noted that it meteorologists to serve as trainers so as to ensure a was almost impossible to cover the costs of the opera greater multiplier in human resources development; tion of NMSs in Africa fully from commercialized (c) Adapt adequate training programmes, materials services. and eqUipment to local conditions, with greater 4.7 The Conference recommended that NMSs should attention to new technologies such as CAL and dis have legal instruments for their operatiOns, including tance learning; charging and collection of fees for services provided. The (d) Arrange for training at local institutions, with a Conference noted the guidelines provided by the view to reducing the cost of fellowships. eleventh session of RA I, and reiterated that commercial activities of NMSs should be regulated by government 4. METEOROLOGY: PUBLIC SERVICES OR legislation. COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE 4.8 The Conference recommended that NMSs should 4.1 The Conference noted the enhancement of, and develop cost-recovery schemes based on experiences increasing demand for, meteorological applications and gained by NMSs within and outside the Region. In this 82 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I regard, it requested WMO to compile NMSs' experi Directors of NMSs liaise with relevant authorities in sub ences, particularly those from Africa, and make them regional economic groupings for their support in available to those who required such information. developing and submitting relevant meteorological proj 4.9 The Conference urged NMSs to promote the ects and programmes to UNDP. The Conference implementation of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) on the requested the Secretary-General of WMO to keep Exchange of Meteorological and Related Data and Members informed of developments in UNDP funding. Products and report their experiences to the Secretary 4.14 The Conference agreed that VCP was an effective General. cooperation mechanism to assist NMSs, but recognized 4.10 The Conference noted with concern the decrease its limitations. It nevertheless recommended that fur in recent years of the technical assistance being proVid ther efforts be made by Members as well as the WMO ed in support of meteorological activities at national and Secretariat to mobilize additional resources to respond to regional levels, especially from the traditional source of the many urgent VCP requests. funding of these activities, UNDP. The Conference 4.15 The Conference agreed that Trust Fund arrange expressed its appreciation to the WMO Secretariat for ments had been extremely valuable for the support of the efforts deployed in order to maintain and enhance many NMSs, and encouraged Members to use this the TCO Programme, in particular through the develop modality of cooperation whenever possible. With regard ment of new approaches towards funding agencies and to other sources of funding, the Conference encouraged the private sector. the Directors to exert every effort possible to secure sup 4.11 The Conference agreed that in view of the major port through these sources. concerns of most African countries, among which were 4.16 The Conference noted that in view of the fact food security, availability of water, the protection of the that most technical assistance funding was nationally environment, transportation and social development, demanded and driven, the Directors had an important the NMSs had a key role to play in national activities role to play. Some of the actions they could take in this leading to sustainable development. Consequently, the regard included, among others: NMSs should develop appropriate plans and strategies to (a) Understanding user needs; meet these challenges. In addition, the mobilization of (b) Demonstrating potential to meet needs; resources from national as well as external sources (c) Forming effective partnerships; and should be a priority activity of the Services. The (d) Developing appropriate plans and gaining support Conference agreed that in the prevailing new circum from key stakeholders. stances, active and innovative approaches should be In addition, permanent Representatives of developed used to obtain support. countries had an increasing role to play in sensitizing 4.12 The Conference noted that in addition to their development agencies and government authorities national resources, several potential sources of funding of their countries to the necessity of providing adequate could be tapped by NMSs, among which are UNDP, the support to meteorological activities within the frame WMO's VCP, GEF, Capacity 21, Trust Funds, the World work of bilateral and multilateral programmes. Bank, Regional Development Banks, bilateral and multi 4.17 The Conference encouraged the WMO lateral agencies, foundations and the private sector. The Secretariat to continue its efforts in assisting Members in Conference also noted that each funding source had its mobilizing new and additional resources for their critical own specific rules and priorities, as well as modalities of meteorological activities in support of sustainable devel access and implementation procedures. The common opment. The Conference concluded that strong approaches of most of these related to the identification partnerships should be established and maintained of project proposals as a priority of the government, and among all concerned at national, regional and interna the submission of the requests through official govern tionallevels to meet the challenges ahead. ment channels. 4.13 Concerning UNDP, the Conference noted that S. REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS new areas of priority and modalities of programming IN AFRICA were coming into effect in 1997, with emphasis on 5.1 The Conference appreCiated the usefulness of the national priorities and national execution. The activities of ACMAD towards contributing to capacity Conference agreed that Directors of NMSs should keep building activities of NMSs, particularly those related to in close liaison with the relevant national authorities medium and seasonal forecasting, training, technology and UNDP offices, in order to ensure that they make transfer and research. In this context, it encouraged appropriate inputs during the formulation of the Directors of NMSs to spare no effort to support ACMAD, Country Strategy Notes (CSN) and the Country particularly through the payment of their respective Cooperation Frameworks (CCF). The Conference also contributions and secondment of staff. The Conference recommended that Directors be encouraged to liaise took note of the presented draft strategic plan "ACMAD with the representatives of their countries to the UNDP 2000", which was to be considered by the Board of Executive Board, and sensitize them to the various Governors of ACMAD. requirements of their Services. With regard to the UNDP 5.2 The Conference participants emphasized the Regional Programme for Africa for the next cycle need to carry out the ACMAD "Demonstration Project" (1997-2001), the Conference recommended that in a time frame that would facilitate its conclusion and ANNEX VII 83 evaluation in time to present the final report to the (d) The agreed-upon guidance products and services, twelfth session of RA I (1998). The Conference support tailored to meet the specific needs of geographic ed the conclusions and recommendations developed by subregions. the third session of the RA I Working group on WWW (2 5.3 The Conference noted the importance of the to 7 September 1996, Nairobi, Kenya), and recommend activities of the various regional and subregional mete ed further that the following pOints be taken into orological institutions in Africa, such as ACMAD, DMCs account in the Demonstration Project: and AGRHYMET, and recommended that these institu (a) The need to improve the telecommunications sys tions be strengthened and establish appropriate and tem in order to facilitate the data and product flow effective coordination and cooperation mechanisms to ACMAD and the dissemination of guidance among themselves to provide services to the NMSs in a products from ACMAD to participating NMSs. This harmonized and cost-effective manner. The Conference should, from the beginning, include FTP services also requested WMO to continue its assistance to these on the Internet, which was seen as essential to facil important regional institutions. itating access to climate formation prediction, 5.4 The Conference noted the important role especially in the context of WMO CLIPS Project; ASECNA played in the implementation of the regional (b) The need to verify the boundaries of responsibilities programme of WMO in Africa, particularly that related between NMSs and ACMAD regarding the guidance to the telecommunication aspect. It recognized the dif products and services foreseen within the Demon ferences that existed between the WMO and ASECNA stration Project; telecommunication systems regarding operational pro (c) The evaluation of the Demonstration Project, car cedures, speed of transmission and equipment type, and ried out by an independant evaluater, preferably recommended that steps be taken by WMO and ASECNA from the user community; and to harmonize their systems.

APPENDIX A 8S

Member Name Capacity 5. REPRESENTATIVES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

United Rep. K. A. Suleiman Delegate Organization Name of Tanzania D. G. Rutashobya Delegate (Cant.) R VV. 11. 11asanja Delegate United Nations Environment A. Alusa Zambia G. B. Chipeta Principal delegate Programme (UNEP)

Zimbabwe 11. Zinyowera Principal delegate International Civil Aviation B. 11. Sekwati 3. REpRESENTATIVES OF MEMBERS OF WMO OUTSIDE Organization (ICAO) REGION I Australia J. vv. Zillman Observer Agency for Air Safety in Mrica J.-P. 11akosso China vv. Caifang Observer and 11adagascar (ASECNA) D. Ndlemign

Iran, Islamic A. 1. Noorian Observer Republic of A. H. Delju European Organization for the 11. T. Overmars Exploitation of Meteorological United States K. VVeston (11s) Observer Satellites (EUMETSA1) of America

4. LECTURERS Southern Mrican Development B.11lenga P. A.Counet Community (SADC) A. Holloway (11s) L. Ogallo D. Shaw VVorid Bank A.Dalfelt S. VVaweru APPENDIXB AGENDA

Agenda item Documents Resolutions adopted

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION PINK 9

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION PINK 2 2.1 Consideration of the report on credentials 2.2 Adoption ·of the agenda 1; 2 2.3 Establishment of committees 2.4 Other organizational matters

3. REpORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATIQN 30; PINK 3

4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) PROGRAMME - PINK 28 REGIONAL ASPECTS 4.1 Planning and implementation, including the report of the 9; 9, CaRR. 1; 24; 1 chairman of the Working Group 24, ADD. I, PINK 26 4.2 Observing system, including the Instruments and 9; 9, CaRR. 1; 12; 13; 2,3,4 Methods of Observation Programme (IMOP) and reports of the 24; 24, ADD. 1; PINK 15 Rapporteurs on Instrument Development and Solar Radiation PINK 26 4.3 Telecommunication system 9; 9, CaRR. 1; 24; 5 24, ADD. 1; PINK 28 4.4 Data-processing system 9; 9, CaRR. 1; 24; 24, ADD. 1; PINK 28 4.5 Data management, including matters related to codes 9; 9, CaRR. 1; 24; 24, ADD. 1; PINK 28 4.6 WMO satellite activities 9; 9, CaRR. 1; 24; 24, ADD. 1; PINK 29 4.7 WWW support activities, including the Operational Information 9; 9, CaRR. 1; 24; Service (OIS) 24, ADD. 1; PINK 29 4.8 Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP), including the report of the 15; PINK 29 6 chairman of the RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee (TCC)

5. WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME (WCP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS 5.1WCP coordination and support activities, including the report 6; 36; PINK 32 of the chairman of the working group 5.2 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) 6; PINK 32 5.3 World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP) 6; PINK 32 5.4 Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) 6 7 5.5 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies 6; PINK 32 Programme (WCIRP) 5.6 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) 3; PINK 10 5.7 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) 10; PINK 10

6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME 31; PINK 19 (AREP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS

6.1 Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) 31 APPENDIX B 87

Agenda item Documents Resolutions adopted

6.2 Weather Prediction Research Programme 31 6.3 Tropical Meteorology Research Programme (TMRP) 31 6.4 Programme on Physics and Chemistry of Clouds and Weather Modification Research 31

7. ApPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME (AMP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS 7.1 Public Weather Services (PWS) Programme 26; PINK 27 7.2 Agricultural Meteorology Programme, including the report of 20; 21; PINK 35 8 the chairman of the working group 7.3 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme, including the report of 7; 14; PINK 25 the rapporteur 7.4 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities 11; 17; PINK 7 9, 10 Programme (MMAOAP), including the reports of the rapporteurs

8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMME (HWRP) - 28; 34; PINK 8 11 REGIONAL ASPECTS, INLCUDING THE REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE WORKING GROUP

9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME (ETRP) - REGIONAL 23; 23, ADD. 1; 12 ASPECTS, INLCUDING THE REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE PINK 21 WORKING GROUP

10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION (TCO) PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 27; PINK 23

11. INFORMATION AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS (IPA) PROGRAMME - 32; PINK 11 REGIONAL ASPECTS

12. LONG-TERM PLANNING - REGIONAL ASPECTS 19; PINK 36 13

13. REGIONAL AND SUBREGIONAL OFFICES (AFRICA) 29; PINK 31

14. OTHER REGIONAL ACTIVITIES 14.1 Internal matters of the Association 14.1.1 Subsidiary bodies of the Association 25; PINK 1 14 14.1.2 Technological development having impacts on NMHSs PINK 30 15 14.1.3 Preparations for Thirtheenth Congress PINK 17 16 14.2 Implementation of the decisions of Twelfth Congress on the 22; PINK 33 exchange of data and products 14.3 Role and operation of the NMHSs and statements on the 18;PINK 18 development of NMSs 14.4 Regional and Subregional Institutions and other regional 35; PINK 22 initiatives 14.5 Fifth Technical Conference on Management for the 16; PINK 14 Development of Meteorological Services in Africa 14.6 Follow-up activities related to UNCED, IPCC and activities 4; PINK 16 17 of UN/FCCC and the UNCCD relevant to NMHSs 14.7 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) 33; PINK 6 14.8 Relations with other international organizations PINK 5 88 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

Agenda item Documents Resolutions adopted

15. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS 8j PINK 3

16. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF TIlE 5j PINK 13 18 AsSOCIATION AND OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS

17. ELECTION OF OFFICERS PINK 12

18. DATE AND PLACE OF THE TmRTEENTH SESSION PINK 20

19. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION PINK 34 APPENDIX C LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

I. "DOC" series

1 Provisional agenda 2.2

2 Explanatory memorandum relating to the provisional agenda 2.2

3 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) 5.6 Secretary-General

4 Follow-up activities related to the United Nations Conference on 14.6 Secretary-General Environment and Development (UNCED), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and activities of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN/FCCC) and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) relevant to national Meteorological and Hydrological Service (NMHS)

5 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the Association 16 Secretary-General and of relevant resolutions of the Executive Council

6 World Climate Programme (WCP) coordination and support activities, 5.1-5.5 Secretary-General including the report of the chairman of the working group

World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP)

World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP)

World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Programme (WCIRP)

7 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme, including the report of the 7.3 Secretary-General rapporteur

8 Scientific lectures and discussions 15 Secretary-General

9 World Weather Watch (WWW) Programme - regional aspects 4.1 to 4.7 Secretary-General

CORR. 1

10 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) 5.7 Secretary-General

11 Marine Meteorological and Associated Oceanographic Activities 7.4 Rapporteur Programme, including the report of the rapporteurs

Reports by the Regional Rapporteurs on Marine Meteorological Services

12 Observing systems, including Instruments and Methods of Observation 4.2 Rapporteur Programme (IMOP) and reports of the Rapporteurs on Instrument Development and Solar Radiation

Report of the Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Instrument Development, Related Training and Capacity Building 90 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFfH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

Doc. Agenda Title SUbmitted by No. item

13 Observing systems, including Instruments and Methods of Observation 4.2 Rapporteur Programme (IMOP) and reports of the Rapporteurs on Instrument Development and Solar Radiation

Report of the Rapporteur on Solar Radiation

14 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme, inchidiIi.g the report of the 7.3 Rapporteur rapporteur

15 Tropical Cyclone Programme, including the report of the chairman 4.8 Secretary -General of the RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee

16 Fifth Technical Conference on Management for the Development of 14.5 Secretary-General Meteorological Services in Africa

17 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities 7.4 Secretary-General Programme, i!lcluding the reports of the rapporteurs

18 Role and Operation of national Meterological and Hydrological Services 14.3 Secretary-General (NMHSs) and Statements on the Development of national Meteorological Services (NMSs)

19 Long-term Planning - regional aspects 12 Secretary-General

20 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 7.2 Secretary-General

21 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 7.2 Chairman, Working Group

22 Implementation of the decisions of Twelfth Congress on the exchange 14.2 Secretary-General of data and products

23 Education and Training Programme (ETRP) - regional aspects, including 9 Secretary-General the report of the chairman of the working group

ADD.!

24 World Weather Watch (WWW) Programme - regional aspects 4.1-4.7 Chairman, Working Group Telecommunication System

WMO Satellite Activities

ADD. 1

25 Subsidiary bodies of the Association 14.1.1 President of RA I

26 Public Weather Services (PWS) Programme 7.1 Secretary-General

27 Technical Cooperation (TCO) Programme - regional aspects 10 Secretary-General

28 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP) - regional aspects, 8 Secretary-General including the report of the chairman of the working group

29 Regional and Subregional Offices (Africa) 13 Secretary-General

30 Report of the president of the Association 3 President of RA I APPENDIX C 91

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

31 Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme (AREP) - regional 6 Secretary-General aspects

32 Information and Public Affairs (IPA) Programme - regional aspects 11 Secretary-General

33 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) 14.7 Secretary-General

34 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP) - regional aspects, 8 Chairman, Working including the report of the chairman of the Working Group on Hydrology Goup

Report of the chairman of the Working Group on Hydrology

35 Regional and Subregional institutions and other regional initiatives 14.4 Director-General, ACMAD African Centre of Meteorological Applications for Development (ACMAD)

36 World Climate Programme coordination and support activities, including 5.1 Chairman, Working the report of the chairman of the working group Group

Report by the chairman of the Working Group on Climate and Environment

II. "PINK" series

1 Subsidiary bodies of the Association 14.1.1 President of RA I

2 Organization of the session 2 President of RA I

3 Scientific lectures and discussions 15 President of RA I

4 Report of the president of the Association 3 President of RA I

5 Relations with other international organization 14.8 Co-chairman, Committee A

6 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) 14.7 Co-chairman, Committee A

7 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities Programme, 7.4 Co-chairman, including the reports of the rapporteurs Committee A

8 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP) - regional aspects, 8 Co-chairman, inlcuding the report of the chairman of the working group Committee B

9 Opening of the session 1 President of RA I

10 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP); Global Climate Observing 5.6 and Co-chairman, System (GCOS) 5.7 Committee B

11 Information and Public Affairs (IPA) Programme - regional aspects 11 Co-chairman, Committee A

12 Election of officers 17 Chairman, Nomination Committee

13 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the Association 16 Rapporteur and of relevant resolutions of the Executive Council 92 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION I

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

14 Fifth Technical Conference on Management for the Development of 14.5 Vice-president of RA I Meteorological Services in Africa

15 Observing systems, including Instruments and Methods of Observation 4.2 Co-chairman, Programme (IMOP) and reports of the rapporteurs on Instrument Committee A Development and Solar Radiation

16 Follow-up activities related to UNCED, IPCC and activities of the 14.6 Co-chairman, UNjFCCC and UNCCD relevant to NMHS Committee B

17 Preparations for Thirteenth Congress 14.1.3 President of RA I

18 Role and Operation of national Meterological and Hydrological Services 14.3 President of RA I (NMHSs) and Statements on the Development of national Meteorological Services (NMSs)

19 Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme (AREP) 6 Co-chairman, Committee A

20 Date and place of the thirteenth session 18 President of RA I

21 Education and Training Programme (ETRP) - regional aspects, including 9 Co-chairman, the report of the chairman of the working group ·i Committee B

22 Regional a~d Subregiona,1 institutions and other regional initiatives 14.4 Co-chairman, Committee B African Centre of Meteorological Applictions for Development (ACMAD)

23 Technical Cooperation (TCO) Programme - regional aspects 10 Co-chairman, Committee B

24 Election of officers 17 President of RA I

25 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme, including the report of the 7.3 Co-chairman, rapporteur Committee A

26 WWW planning and implementation, including the report of the 4.1 and Co-chairman, chairman of the working group; Observing system, including 4.2 Committee A Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme (lMOP) and reports of the rapporteurs on Instrument Development and Solar Radiation

27 Public Weather Services (PWS) Programme 7.1 Co-chairman, Committee A

28 World Weather Watch (WWW) Programme - regional aspects 4.3-4.5 Co-chairman, Committee A Telecommunication system

Data-processing system

nata Management (DM) including code matters

29 WMO satellite activities; WWW support activities, including the 4.6-4.8 Co-chairman, Operational Information Service (OIS); Tropical Cyclone Programme Committee A (TCP), including the report of the chairman of the RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee (TCC) APPENDIX C 93

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

30 Technical development having impacts on national Meteorological and 14.1.2 Vice-president of RA I Hydrological Services (NMHSs)

31 Regional and Subregional offices (Africa) 13 President of RA I

32 World Climate Programme (WCP) coordination and support activities, 5.1-5.5 Co-chairman, induding the report of the chairman of the working grouPi World Committee B Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP)i World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP)i World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Programme (WCIRP)

33 Implementation of the decisions of Twelfth Congress on the exchange 14.2 Vice-president of RA I of data and products

34 Closure of the session 19 President of RA I

35 Agricultural Meteorology Programme (AMP), induding the report of the 7.2 Co-chairman, chairman of the working group Committee B

36 WMO Long-term Plan - regional aspects 12 Vice-preSident of RA I