COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL.
No. 1543.
THE GAMBIA
REPORT FOR 1930.
(For Report for 19%8 see No. 1444 (Price Is.) and for Report for 1929 see No. 1506 (Price Is.).)
Crown Copyright Reserved
PRINTED IN THE GAMBIA.
LONDON: PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be purchased directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at tho following addrawes: Ada8tral House, Kingsway, London, W.C2; 120, George Street, Edinburgh; York Street, Manchester; 1, St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff; 15, Donegall Square West, Belfast; or through any Bookseller. 1931.
Prioe 1». Ud. Net. 58-1543 Reports, etc., of Imperial and Colonial Interest
IMPERIAL CONFERENCE, 1930. Summary of Proceedings. [Cmd. 3717.1 2$. (2s. 2d.). Appendices to tho Summary of Proceedings. [Cmd. 3718.J 43. (4.5, Ad.). COLONIAL OFFICE CONFERENCE, 1930. Summary of Proceedings. [Cmd. 3028,1 23. (25. 2d.). Appendices to the Summary of Proceedings. [Cmd. 3(529. J 3s. (3s. 3d.). SYSTEM OF APPOINTMENT IN THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND IN THE COLONIAL SERVICES. Report of a Committee appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonics. [Cmd. 3554.] Is. (Is. Id.). INFORMATION AS TO THE CONDITIONS AND COST OF LIVING IN THE COLONIES, PROTECTORATES, AND MANDATED TERRITORIES. [Colonial No. 56.] 3s. (3s. 3d.). COLONIAL FILMS. Report of a Committor appointed by the Secretary of St;ite for the Colonies. [Cmd. 3630.] 6d.(7d.). COLONIAL AGRICULTURAL SERVICE, Report of a Committer appointed bv the Secretary of State for the Colonies. " [Cmd. 3049.] dd. (10d.). AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE NON-SELF-GOVERNING DEPENDENCIES. Report of a Committee appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. [Cmd. 2825.] 2s. (2s. 2d.). COLONIAL VETERINARY SERVICE. Report of a Committee appointed by the Secretary of State for th* Colonies. [Cmd. 3201.] 9cl. (KM.). REPORT OF THE SECOND IMPERIAL MYCOLOGICAL CONFERENCE, 1929. [Colonial"No 45.] Lt.CtUls.7d.). PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE COLONIAL EMPIRE AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR DEALING WITH COLONIA1 QUESTIONS FROM NOVEMBER, 1924, TO NOVEMBER, 1928. [Cmd. 3268.] is. 6d. (is. Sd.). EASTERN AND CENTRAL AFRICA. Roport of tho Commission on Closer Union of the Dependencies. [Cmd. 3234.] 6s. (6s. 5d.). ZAST AFRICA COMMISSION. Report. [Cmd. 2387.] 3s. Od. (3s. 9d.). MALAYA, CEYLON, AND JAVA. Report by the lit. Hon. W. G. A. Ormshy Gore on his visit during the year 1928. [Cmd. 3235.] 4s. 6d. (4s. 9d.). WEST AFRICA. Report by the Hon. W. G. A. Ormsby Gore, M.P., on his visit during the year 1926. [Cmd. 2744.] 3s. 6d. (3s. 9d.). WEST INDIES AND BRITISH GUIANA. Report by the Hon. K. V. L. Wood, M.P., on his visit during the period December, 1921, to February, 1022. [Cmd. 1679.] 3s. (3a. 2d.).
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Obtainable from the Sale Offices of HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, At Addresses showu on the Front Cover, or through any Bookseller. CONTENTS.
History and Geography ...
I. General
II. Finance
III. Production
IV. Trade and Economics
V. Communications ...
VI. Justice, Police, and Prisons
VIL Public Works
VIII. Public Health
IX. Education GAMBIA
ANNPAL GENERAL HKPOlt.T, J!)30.
History and Geography.
Tho Colony and Protectorate of the Gambia is situated on both f he North and South bank of the River Gambia in Western Africa. Tho river which is approximately 700 miles in length runs in a westerly direction and falls into the Atlantic Ocean between I,')0 and 14° North Latitude and I (VJ and 1 7 Wot Longitude.
The Colony has an area of about (it) square miles and consists of the Island of Saint Mary (about 4 square miles)—on which is situated the town of Bathurst and seat of (iovernmcnt—and parts of Komho, Albreda, MaeCarthy Island, etc., (population of Colony 10,000).
The Protectorate which extends on both banks of the river for 250 miles has an area of 4J'>0 square miles and a population of 200,000.
Gambia was discovered by the earlv Portuguese navigators about the middle of the loth Century but no settlement was made there. During the 17ih cent urv various companies of merchants having obtained Charters to trade made settLnwuls oa tIn* River but general commerce between Gambia and Ivirop* was spasmodic until tic1 vear i I b when a new set tlenient was made and the .'-eat of (iovernment was established at Piathurst. The set t lenient however was >ubjeet to the Government and Laws of Sierra Leone until the year 1H!,"> when the Gambia became an independent Crown Colonv. Later in 18b(j, ii became part of tin1 Government of the West African Settlements and continued so until finally in 1SSS it, became a separate (icernmenL
With the exception of the Island of Saint Mary, the whole of t he Gambia is administered on tin* Protectorate system which has been established since 1N94,
The inhabitants are mostly of the African races. The chief tribes being* the Jollofs, Mandiugos, Sarahulis, Fulas and dolus. The iUandingos are the nost numerous and arc mostly Muhammedans as are also the Jollofs and the Sarahulis, The Jolas and many of the Fulas are pagan. 4
PROTECTORATE.
UPPER RIVKIU
The Upper River Province. Comprising the districts of Wuli, Kantora, Sandu, Fuladu Fast, has an area of 703 square miles and a population of 34,011. The greater number of the inhabitants are Mandingos and Sarahulis with a rather smaller proportion of Fulas.
The Headquarters of the Province is situated at Basse, which is both the largest town in the Province and one of the most important trading towns in the Protectorate.
The districts of Sandu, Kantora and Wuli are all relics of former native kingdoms,
Sandu was originally paH of the Niani territory which appears to have extended also over both the Niani districts, Saini and MacCarthy Island (now all in MacCarthy Island Province). This kingdom was ruled by the members of the Sabali family for many years until they were defeated by a Muhammedan invader.
Kantora *s at present under the charge of a Chief who is the son of a former King in the district. The Sagnia family are able to trace their descent for many generations in which theirs was the ruling family in Kantora.
Wuli, In this district the Wali family, members of which had for a long period been kings, remained the ruling family after British Protection had been extended to the district, when they took the status of Chiefs. The present Chief, however, does not trace his ancestry to this family but was appointed in view of his very strong following in the district.
MacCarthy Island Province, The boundaries of this Province were altered in October 1930 and the area and population were raised by the change from 565 square, miles and 28,860 persons to 1,170 square miles and 55,393 persons. The bulk of the population are Joloffs with a number of Mandin<>os.
The following districts, all of which lie on the north bank of the river, formerly made up the. Province; Upper Saloum, Lower Saloum, Nianija, Niani and Sami, together with MacCarthy Island which is an outlying portion of the Colony and on which is situated Georgetown the Headquarters of the Province.
The new districts added in October 1930 were Western Niamina, Eastern Niamina, Fuladu West and Fuladu Central. These latter districts have about doubled the area of the Province but, owing to ils compactness, administration with the same staff as formerly is not proving difficult.
Towards tji.e end. ot the year MacCarthy Island itself was brought under the Protectorate system. The Police Court which formerly existed there was abolishsd and a Native Tribunal set up similar to 5 those in other districts. This alteration has rt.mlted in greater harmony and trust between MacCarthy Island and the other districts of the same Province, while the Chief of MacCarthy Island and his helpers have taken over with enthusiasm many of those functions which were formerly exercised directly bv Government.
*. * ^ LOWER RIVER,
The South Bank Province was extended during the year by the incorporation of the Kombo and Foni Province while the districts of Western Niamina, Eastern Niamina, Fuladu West and Fuladu Central were transferred from this Province to MacCarthy Lland Province. The effect of this on the area and population of the Province was to increase the former from 925 to 1,310 square miles and the latter from 39,7(;8 to 48,660 persons. The Province comprised at the end of the year Eastern vlarra, Central Jarra, Western Jarra, Kiang Central, Kiang West, Foni Jarrol, Foni Bondali, Foni Kansala, Foni Brefet, Foni Bmtang, Kombo South, Kombo Central, Kombo North and Kombo St. Marv.
The majority of the inhabitants of the Province are Mandingoes but then*, is a large number of Fulas in the more easterly districts while the Foni districts are almost entirely Jola in population.
This Province, like the North Bank Province, extends in parts to a greater depth from the river than the provinces of the Upper River which consist only of a belt of country on either side of the river.
The Pdntang Creek which cuts through the Province has always made communication difficult between the eastern and western ends of the Province but a ferry is now being installed which will overcome this handicap,
North Bank Province has **** area of 813 square miles and a population of 03,237. The* districts of the Provin.ce are Lower Niutni, Upper Niumi, Jokadu, L >wer Baddibu, Central Baddibu and Upper Baddibu, Of these the three Baddibu districts are predomi nantly Mandingo in population; dokadu has a mixed population of Mandingoes, Jolofrs and Turankoes (Muhammedan Fulas) while the two Niumis arc mainly mixed Joloft and Mandingo districts.
Like South Bank Province this Province is cut into two parts by a creek which runs from the rivet to a point well beyond the boundary of the Protectorate and Senegal. In this case also a ferrv is bein<£ installed.
There are two portions of this Province which were formerly parts of native kingdom- of considerable size.
Baddibu, Lower, Central and Upper were all at one time under the rule of one King, himself a sub-king to the King of Saloum, whose own-home lay in what is now part of Senegal. It is only within the last twenty years that Baddibu has been divided into three parts and 6
1 he brother (now deceased) of the present Chief of Upper Baddibir was the first Chief of that district after the division. Although the Baddibu Kings were chosen at various times from one of three or four different towns the present Chiefs family was the last to hold the office.
The two Niumi Districts also were formerly part of a kingdom which extended beyond the present boundaries of these two districts. The riding family in this erase was that of the Sonkos, of which the Chiefs of both Upper and Lower Niumi are members.
PROTECTOR ATI: CHI LPS AXI> UK A DM LN\
Local administration in the4 Protectorate hinges on the Chiefs ('native Seif or >Sefo) and the Headmen or Alkalis, the Alkali being responsible to the Sefo for his town and the Sefo to the Travelling Commissioner of the Province for h;s district.
The Alkali is chosen by the old men of the village and his portion is confirmed by the Travelling Commissioner. He acts as representa tive of his village to the (iovernment and rice rcrsu. and personifies the village community. This is exemplified by the fact that it is tha Alkali who allots to those who need it unoccupied land b< longing to the village as a community. He1 is bound by tradition to seek and to listen fo the advice of the elder nam in the village.
In the event of disputes arising in the community which, cannot he composed by tin1 friends or relatives of the parties the .Alkali, although annul with no judicial powers is often able by virtue of his ( flioe to act successfully as arbitrator coal prevent the* matter from reaching the point of litigation.
The Scfo holds a position partly established by legislation and partly inherited from the Kings of former times. The Mandingo word for K'ng (Mansa) is only applied now to the Governor who is, in native phiase the "King of P>athrrs:'\ and this limitation of the word (!o"s reflect tin* passing of much of tlx* old kingly powers. Vet a good deal of the standing and authority of the Kings remains, especially in cases wheie it is | ossible to appoint as Chief one oi an old ruling f;mul\ . It is now the policy thucforc to appoint such men as far a> possible, since <»n the authority inherent in the oflice depend* a great part of the Chief's utility and prestige,
The Scfo is appointed by the Governor on flu1 rocommendai ion of the Commissioner, who has previously ascertained which of tho candidal s has tho best claim or command.* most the respect and obedience of tic district. This district opinion is becoming an incrcasmglv important factor in the choice of a Chief. Apart from general administrative duties and supervision of his district, the Scfo is the President of the Native* Tribunal of his district, in which, with a quorum of two Court Members appointed by the Governor, he exercises powers which may be compared longhly lo those of a Police Court, appeals lying from his Court to that of the Travelling; Commissioner, (
I. GENERAL.
The Gambia is administered by the Governor with an Exeeuti\ > and nominated Legislative Council.
Sir Edward Dunham, K.B.E., C.M.G , left the Colony on 13th January, and relinquished the Coveincrship of the Colony.
Mr. If, R. Palmer, C.M.G., (\B.E., arrived in the Colony and assumed the administration of the Colony and Protectorate on 11th September. II. Finance. Tin* following stalcment show* the Revenue and Expenditure for the l:i>t five years and the Balance of Loan outstanding at the (dose of the years, together with the Surplus Balances.
Surplus of Anscta over Year. lie rettiH*. Ki'fjctitliftirn. Loan nvd Liabilities.
£ 211.181 2i;f,<;-i:5 io;u;oi R.»27 277,U2r> 84.171 109,340 252.1 u» 2;')0.;VJ(; (;2,f)4i V.)'l\) 2«s:>,r)(H; :-J7.5S>«"I 23">.2<;.'> 1:1,721 93,y*49 2] CM)
Revenue. Jn 1929 the amount shewn includes £27,500 trans ferred from Depreciation Fund being amount of surplus provision for depreciation over actual market depreciation.
Expenditure. Jn 192(> the amount shewn includes £\;,02"> set aside for Depreciation of Securities. In 1927 £o0,000 was set aside for establishment of a Reserve hunch
In 1929 £20,797 was expended on a new river steamer, (the " Lady Denham
Assets. In addition to the Surplus Assess as at 30th December, 1931. sh'MVN above, there arc* Reserve Funds amounting to £74,664 not included in the sum of £93, Loans. rfhe Lor.n of £13,721 is the amount outstanding due to the West African Currency Board, provision for the repayment of which has been made in the Estimates of 1931. Investments. The Colony\s investments at the end of 1930 stand at over £200,000. 8 Customs, Customs .Receipts during tho year 1930 amounted to £139,927, or 04.5 per cent of the total Revenue. The chief items of Duties during the last five vears were :— I M [> ... D/t (t rniuttlmit* v v : e v ]92n 23,3Ts 32,925 ' li, 3 m ...... 12,509 21,171 I 11,192 ( 7-1,309 III. Production, The main product is the groundnut the export of which amounts annually to about (50,000 tons. Rice and corn are also produced in small quantities bv the people for their own consumption. Fish abounds at the mouth of the River and finds a readv sale in the "local markets. Some quantities of fish arc* also dried and sent into the Protectorate for sale. Other industries include Pottery, Leather work and Beeswax. Fruit and Vegetables are scarce, but are becoming more plentiful owing to the of the Agricultural Department in Kombo. din* total value of Fx port - was 1*898.X()7 a- compared with I'S HK929 for ihe previous vcar. V\ifb Ma- R\RRPI]un o! com pa ra t i \ el v -mall . p f a i > • i I i • ^ of Pid;.. K < re'' • and ilaie,- (On \\ i i I d i no R \ pon dulv b !e\ i<-< i } tin- oidv export of tho Oambia is groundnuts on which ,m exnort dutv of yA)j- per too is charged. The tonnage and value of the crop for the last five years has been as follows : — Tons. £ WW u 1,07:3 N(V2,f>7«S 1'.>27 GiVMO WW 7<»,772 .11):.".) WXM) 7 i.7i;i SG7ji;il A certain (piantii v of rice, corn and other foods!uHs is UTOYYII in the Protectorate for eonsumplion 'Here l>ut no accurate statistics are available a* to these quantitie. IV. Trade and Economics, 'I he following Table shons the balance of trade (exclusive of specie) during the last five years. A'/t/ref/ate Il.i'/xnls. ] in Id net of par. !,l.rj><:ri.< on:)' Tiadc. ('••it'.) I iNjiorti, V WW 2.">:U>2!> v.m .. .1 .Sti->.;$7(i j S(;;,).;?7i'. !*'.);),( H)O .1 ;jr».c,->4 v.w ... UHiUitfii 1,1 ")i;.t ):>".» I4"),:j2;} r.*2'.l ... J.4:J.S.O«.MI j r.i)7.n;i The largest inipor4.. during the year included in the above were Rice 114..07H ( 'of ton Piece Goods 7 s, >i,:t:i!n >i!])]ilic(! ino.-! of 1 he f< !l A j.juivi. ! 5 m and Sacks, Hoofs, Shoo- o i o i Slippers Coal, * ena-iit. ( Miion here (Joor|> and Cotton M ami Fact ur< *s (other), S" rao wa.- ilnehii-F soppioT of I > Im-o i; ( 'I :hni Yarn. Hals and * :M»\ Kuv, S'»ap, Sii^ir and Whirs, whils: {!.«• Ciiilrd States of Aiocrica -npplh (| the i>reah^t, value MJ* Hours WheateiK Motor Cars, 10 .From Sierra Leone are imported Kola Nuts. The percentage of Imports, exclusive of specie, from all countries was during the last live vears as follows :— 192b. 1927. ! , 1929. V,VM). United Kingdom ii.2S ;w.7r> 37.99 :u.i2 British Possessions !5,S2 12.95 10.io,r>9 i l.ii 0 Total British Empire ou.lO .11.71 I 48.22 ; 15,11 1 ).o 1 Franco 2 la;;; :m\:> .'ii.os ;V.U;:> 29.75 *. o 15.21 ;N.75 Other (\mntries 2S.I I / TOTA LS loo.oo loo.oo 100,00: loo.oo ioti.00 whilst the percentage of Exports, exclusive of specie, to all countries, was as follows :— O'-Y,. ; iy-27. i 1 i (.>-,,.>. U»;o. United Kingdom :-J7.:w ox.,_o i .w.so i:;.i«s r.».:tf British Possession o.U.:i 00.47 ! 00.") 7 o;uu oi.ix; > Totals British Empire ... . :v.nr, OS.(17 ! ;u.: )7 I.S.S-2 2i.:H Franco „.".. TOTALS .' LOM.(M) 100.00 , loo.oo 100.00 100.00 , _ _^ _____ ' V, Communications, Shipping. The total number of ships which (altered and cleared during the yenr was o72 of 1,2:5,9,] 51 tons net burthen as compared with 5(>5 ships of a tonnage of L2S0.js.ss for the previous rear. The percentage of shipping of various nal ionalit ies v. as a.- FOLIOS, British (i2, French 1 :\ Herman Mauv small craft ply on the river an;l the (Jovcrnment has maintained a 'agular sei'vice of steamers which have carried over 21,000 passengers and a large Roads. The road from Bathurst to ('apt4 Saint Mary, a distance of about eight miles, still remain* the only properly metalled road in t he (iambia. In the Protectorate local earth roads are kept up by tho local inhabitants in their own interests and at their discretion. Those roads are, for tin- most pari, capable of carrying during the dry season the moderate amount of wheeled trafiie which passes over them, but during the latter half of the rail.?" they become impassable. A small programme of "all season roads in certain parts of the Ppperaiul the Lower Rivei\ has been initiated, These loads will be constructed bv the Public Works Department as funds and < pport unity permit. LOWEI1 Hiver, Towards the close of the \oar preliminary ste] s wee takr-n to establish routes of aH—the-vear—round communication from Bathurst with tin1 neighbouring French posts of Kaolaok (Sdoum) and Kolda {('assamance , respect ivol v. To this end toe Acting Director of Public Woiks in collaboration \\;;h the ('ommissioners concerned ;ir 1 iher interests has mu'VivmI an existing route from liana to BaniatHhng, Noifh Bank Province, fioni whicit point a good route will pioceed north and he continued by the FiHMich thiough WJai Kunda. to Kaohudc From Banfanding again an all season route will proceed South Ra.-f through Drama doka to 1) a r-es-Sa houi and thence by U'ivy over ina dawarra Crock to Kerewan. Continuing from Korewan it will pass rift Saba, NMai Kunda an 1 Iliassu to Kachaag Temla— whence pa-seagers and lurries wi;l be transported bv a ferrv, now c nnpleiod. to Tendaba. I* rom Tondaba a route, already half made, leads down > the Bmtang ferry on the one hand, and the French routes leadng to Koala on the other. Those routes when completed and in working order s'muld be of very considerable a haulage no: only to tin* (iambia but to Senegal. UPPER RI vc:\ /vnothe:* route winch >hould of mt\ ii'" not on.lv fer iulc.nal eommunie;; i ion but also n, facilitate transport between the Cambiaand ' o:!i San ^il aiisl I he ( -amau< e isan e x 1:1 i ng read across M:-.c( ai'thy Island Pio\;:;c\ Starting* on the north side of the r;ver from a pom! innr to the French town of Makka (ink the road runs r/tf Kuntaur to lean.-an.e; wliciv a ferrv is installed. It continues oa ike .-outh sah» el die nvi' and links up with tic* main road to Kolda, in the ( ;e samanee. JERKIES. Lower River- There is a privately controlled ferry service whieh rvAin from Bathurst to Barra on the northern shore of the river. This enterprise receives an annual subsidy from Government and is a link between Bathurst and the Lower River road system referred to above, In addition to this there are, either already installed or Hearing eompleilon, a number of (ioverninent operated ferries. The Bintang Creek ferry in the Foni District of South 1 iank .Province has already been, installed, while one across the Swarrakunda ( or Jawara ) Creek and another crossing the main rirer from Katehang Ten Upper River. Of the three ferries which formerly linked MacCarthy Island to the river banks ! wo are removed and installed in the Upper River Pi evince to facilitate river crossing, while the third has been removed to Ransang wh^re it will form the central link in the new Upper River scheme of roads referred to above, POSTS AND TFLEG R A PI IS. The Wireless Stations at Rathurst, Basse, Ivuutaur and Georgetown facilitate rapid communication with the up-river trading Stations. The Postal service of letters and parcels also extends to the Protectorate by the (ioverninent river steamers. VI. Justice, Police and Prisons. Serious crime was of rare occurrence throughout the year, Only lo cases wen* tried in the Supreme Court but the number of civil cases decided by the Court was To compared with f>4 in 1929. In the Police Magistrate's Court the total number of cases was 447, a decrease of 102 on the figures for 1929. The number of cases of larceny VAS Nfi as compared with 8o in 1929. The Court of Requests in the . onrse of the year decided l,18o eases,, an increase of 9 over last year, while the Muhommedan Court has experienced an ine>^ ^ of cases from 87 in 1929 to 114 in 1930, In the Protectorate the Native Tribunals have dealt with LI 98 cases, an increase of oO on the 1929 figures. Faeh of the last three years shows a. decided increase over nny vear from 1922 to 1927 in (he number of eases tried by these Coi is, and This i> believed to be due to the growing public confidence in Courts, whieh leads persons to seek their protection and io report oi.cnees to them. 13 Dining the year the Police detachments at J*"»«$c arid Georgetown were1 withdrawn to Bathurst and no Police remain in the Protectorate, where the duties of the Police are performed by local u Badged Messengers' . Four tires were dealt with by the Police in Bathurst; none were of a serious nature. The Police also perforin Warder duty at the Gaol. Two musketry courses were tired during the year and the average scores obtained were 09.74 and 71.36 respectively. The number of eases reported to the Police during the year was 3N2; of these 133 were trivial eases in which no proceedings were taken by the Police, while 21 for want of evidence were not brought before the ( on I. Of the remaining 228, 83 were for larcency and 21 for offences against the Immigration Ordinance, The total number of prisoners admitted to Gaol in 1930 was 3/>9 and the average number was oO.lo. VII. Public Works. The surfacing of a number of Roads in Bathurst and from Bathurst to Sukuta was carried out during the year, including tar paving of certain sections of motorable roads. Motor traffic continues to increase. There were 80 cars and 174 lorries registered during the year. Electric Light and Power is generated at the Public Works Power Station in Bathurst which supplies private consumers at 9r/, per unit. Free services include lighting of streets, public offices and the (ioverninent Wharf. let4, is also manufactured and sold at \(L per lb. to private consumers and delivered free to the Hospital. An extension of the electric light service to Gape Saint Mary is now under construction. The town of Bathurst is supplied from the reservoir at Abuko where nearly 43 million gallons of water were pumped during the year. There is a Fire Protection Plant established in Bathurst. The Marine Slipwav, to enable (ioverninent. and other vessels to be drawn up for overhaul and repairs by the Marine Department, was completed during the year. New Police Lines were completed. A lan ling ground at Capo. Saint Mary for the Royal Air Fonx rv:V6 cleared and prepared, 11 Groyning of !>e foreshore to trap the silt and build up the fore- sshore Mas carried out. Certain improvements were cfTcctcd in the4 Ilathurst market which lias now a Kefrigerating Plant for tin4 preservation of meat. A number of works was done in the Protectorate including the conversion of the Old Gaol at Georgetown into a Hospital. Reclamation at llalf-Di by the dredger was discontinued ou account of unsatisfactory results due to the difficulty of finding ideal sand beds. Reclamation is now being carrie I out bv cartage of sand etc. bv hand and of mud by canoe in the Lasso Wharf area. VIII. Public Health, The population of Bathurst has been estimated at 10.8o9, During the year '(here were 3,n) births and 383 deaths ( adults 294 and infants up to one year of age S!) ). There was no epidemic during 15)30. There are two Hospitals in the Colony, one at Bathurst and the olher at Georgetown. At the former there wore 03!) admissions and o2,797 Out-patients weie attended to, 292 operations were performed, whilst at Georgetown then* were 304 admissions into hosp'tal and, 4.4/jS Out-patients were treated. To provide additional hospital accommodation at Georgetown tin* buildings formerly utilised for a gaol wen converted into a hospital, and the old hospital buildings are now used as ijuariers for the Medical Olliecr and Superintendent or Ivlucation. At the Dispensaries at Basse and Kau-ur the cases Inatcd were 4.419 and 2,37o respectively. About So per cent of the total birth* in Bathurst were attended by the staff of tin*. Mother and Child WeLare Clinics. The infant mortality rate f<>t' the community is steadilv declining. A Dental Surgeon visited Bathurst and inspected and treated 223 school children and H(j Government; officials and clerks during the year. During the year an Ordinance1 entitled "The Grban District and Public Health (Amendment) Ordinance, 1930 ^ was enacted creating a Municipal Board numbering 14 of which 4 an*, officials, 4 other mem bers are appointed annually by the Governor and 0 others by tbo ratepayers of Ba'hursL now divided info rax wards. This new Bo;\rd is an expansion of the former Board of Health. RECLAMATION AND NK.JHT SOIL REMOVAL. Refuse. Removal of domestic and yard refuse is carrfinl out bv motor vehicle and horse and cart t ransporf. A large proportion of" the refuse is not burned but covered over with mud to reclaim land from swamp. Night Soil. The experiment has been tried of the removal of latrine buckets bv motor transport and of dumping night soil .around • he edge of Saint Mary Island to the South. The service has proved successful, and has much improved the amenities of the North foreshore. Reclaimed Area. Citizens who were removed from the submerged area in Half I)i have been allotted good sites on the area reclaimed and it is anticipated that health conditions on the cleared area should be greatly improved thereby. The Public Health (Building) Regulations 1930 came into efleot in October 1930. IX. Education, The toted number of pupils on the register of the affiliated and the Mohammedan Schools in Bathurst in 1930 was 1J>47, with an average attendance of 1,032, A new secondary school was opened in January by the Roman Catholic Mission and there are now two secondary schools for boys and one for girls. One of the most important features of the year was the opening of: the Teacher Training School. Education in Bathurst has always suffered from lack of trained teachers and until satisfactory training was assured no advance in the educational standard was possible. The new Teacher Training School is designed to supply this need. In the Protectorate two new Vernacular Schools have been opened by (iovernment during the year and the Wesleyan Mission has re-organised a third school of this nature. A European Headmaster arrived in November and took charge of the (iovernment School at Georgetown, which now has 136 pupils on its register with an average attendance of 132. H. DENSIIAM SMITH, /•//// Jul)/, f93L Acting Colonial Secretary. EMPIRE MARKETING BOARD PUBLICATIONS. Note on the work of the Board and Statement of Research and other Grants approved by the Secretary of State from July, 1926, to March, 1930. Cmd. 363V- 6d. ?d.). Agricultural Economics in the Empire. (E.M.B. 1.) 6d. (Id.). Tropical Agricultural Research in the Empire, with special reference to Cacao, Sugar Cane, Cotton and Palms. (E.M.B. 2.) Is. Gd. (Is. 9d.). Geophysical Surveying. Report of a Sub-Committee of the Committee of Civil Research. November 1927. (E.M.B. 6.) ^ 6J. (Id.). The Chemistry of Wine Making* A Report on Oenological Research. (E.M.B. 7.) Is. Od. (Is. 2d.). Grass and Fodder Crop Conservation in Transportable Form. (E.M.B. 8.) 1*. Od. (Is. 2d.), Empixe Grown Sinai aud its importance to the Cordage Manufacturer. (E.M.B. 10.) 6d. (Bd.). Viticultoral Research. (E.M.B. 11.) 1*. Od. (Is. 2d.). Report on Insect Infestation of Dried Fruit. (E.M.B. 12.) Is. Od. (Is. 2d.). Grapefruit Culture in the Britiih West Indies and British Honduras. (E.M.B. 13.) Is. Od. (Is. 2d.). Survey Method of Research in Fan Economics. January, 1929* (E.M.B. 14.) 6rf. (M.). Oranges, World Production and Trade, Memorandum prepar d in the Statistics and Intelligence Branch. April, 1929. (E.M.B. 15.) 1*. Od. (Is. 3d.). Schistosomiasis and Malaria in Relation to Irrigation. May, 1929. (E.M.B. 17.) 1*. 3d. (Is. 5d.). Composition of Pasture*. June, 1929, (E.M.B, 18.) 9d. (lid.)* Panama Disease of Bananas. Reports on scientific visits to the Banana growing countries of the West Indies, Central and South America. July, 1929. (E.M.B. 20.) 1*. lid. (Is. I0d.). Woo., a study of the fibre. September, 1929. (E.M.B. 21.) Is. Qd. (Is. lid.). Th^ Demand for Chee&e in London. November, 1929. (E.M.B. 22.) 1*. Od. (is. 2d.}. The Growing Dependence of British Industry upon Empire Markets. December. 1929, (E.M.B. 23.) Is. Od. ils. Id.). Insect Infestation of Stored Cacao. December, 1929. (E.M.B, 24.) is. Qd. (Is. 8d.). Indian Sunn (or Satin) Hemp. Its Production and Utilization. February, 1930. (E.M.B. 25.) 1*. Od. (Is. Id.). British Industries and Empire Market*. March, 1930. (E.M.B. 26.) U.Qd. (Is. 2d.). Cocoa. World Production and Trado. May, 1930. (E.M.B.27.) Is. Od. (Is. 3d.). Empire Marketing Beard. May. 1029 to May, 1930. June, 1930. (E.M.B.28.) Is. Od. (Is. 3d.). The Biol igical Cbntrol of Insect and Plant Pests. June, 1930. (E.M.B. 29.) Is. Od. (Is. id.). Canadian Fruit Shipments. Report of an investigation into the Deteriora tion in Transit of Imported Canadian Fruit, 1927-29. June, 1930. (;j.M.B. 30.) Is. Od. (Is. 2d.). The Production of Tung Oil in the Empire. June, 1930, (E.M.B. 31.) ls.0d.ds. Id.) Alt Prices are net, 1 hose in brackets include Postage. OBTAINABLE mou TUB BALIS OFFICES OK HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONARY OFFICE, AT THh Aum%m&m SHOWN ON TED? FRONT COVHR. OIF THIS Rrvqw, OK THROUGH ANY BOOKSMLLKB. COLONIAL ANNUAL REPORTS. H.M. Stationery Office publishes the Annual Reports on British Colonies and Protectorates. These Reports appear each year and they are supplied at the Subscription price of 40s. per annum. (This rate does not include Mandated Territories.) Individual Reports may also be purchased and standing orders placed for their annual supply. BAHAMAS. JOHORE. 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