November 2020
Special feature GP20: lessons and good practice on internal displacement This feature offers reflections on lessons and good practice emerging from the 2018–20GP20 Plan of Action for Advancing Prevention, Protection and Solutions for IDPs. The eight articles, plus case-studies, have been published as part of Forced Migration Review issue 65 which is available in English, Arabic, Spanish and French at www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees This separate booklet is available online and in print, free of charge. The English version is at www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees/GP20.pdf. Please feel free to circulate and/or print. (If you print it, please note that the format is A5 and use your printer’s ‘booklet’ setting.)
We would like to thank Nadine Walicki and Samuel Cheung (UNHCR) for their assistance with reviewing and author liaison, and to UNHCR for providing financial support for this special feature.
Foreword: Prevent, protect, resolve – Case-studies from Uganda, Colombia, Yemen reflecting on the GP20 initiative and El Salvador Cecilia Jimenez-Damary Prioritising the participation of IDPs in (UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs) driving solutions Internal displacement: reflections on GP20 Colombia prevention, protection and solutions Reflections on State experiences in the Samuel Cheung and Sebastian von Einsiedel IGAD region (UNHCR / OCHA) Charles Obila and Ariadna Pop The potential of South Sudan’s national law (IGAD / Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs) on protection and assistance to IDPs Preventing and preparing for disaster Chaloka Beyani, Gatwech Peter Kulang and Rose Mwebi displacement (LSE / Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Barbara Essig, Sebastien Moretti and Platform on Management of South Sudan / UNHCR) Disaster Displacement Secretariat (IDMC / IFRC / PDD) Using collaborative approaches to improve The application of the IASC Framework in internal displacement data Somalia and Sudan Devora Levakova, Adrián Calvo Valderrama, Jacques DSWG Somalia, DSWG Sudan, Margharita Lundkvist- Ajaruvwa Wathum and Damien Jusselme Houndoumadi and Jasmine Ketabchi (JIPS / IDMC / UNHCR / IOM) (DSWG Somalia / DSWG Sudan / JIPS / UNHCR)
Housing recovery programme after Typhoon Haiyan, the Philippines. UNHCR/Phil Behan 2 enhancing protection for IDP rights. rights. IDP for protection enhancing on engagement shared continued, to our forward look and actors, other and States by made achievements significant the I applaud Action, of Plan GP20 three-year the of end the At to: namely community, international the from engagement enhanced require that issues IDP protection those spotlight to aims field.also It the in undertaken work being the enhance and Principles Guiding of the manner. this in work knowledge and their for highlighting authors the to We grateful are challenges. future and current for confronting and successes for underpinning both essential – on ways forward recommendations offer and period this during undertaken initiatives of the some analyse here included articles The results. the showcase to opportunity for this Review Forced Migration I thank relationships. strengthened and new and learned, lessons of experience, trove atreasure providing years three past the with draws aclose, to Uganda. and Honduras of Austria, governments of the support invaluable the with and stakeholders major other with years) for IDPs for three (toSolutions run and Protection Prevention, for Advancing of Action GP20 Plan the 2018 Ilaunched in Principles, Guiding of the anniversary (IDPs). persons To 20th displaced the mark of internally rights human of the protection for the standards international in landmark amajor represent Displacement Internal on Principles 1998, Guiding in the Launched the GP20 Plan of Action Foreword: Prevent, protect, resolve –reflecting on Cecilia Jimenez-Damary www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees
IDP protection actors togather, analyseandutilisedata for enhance thecapacity ofStatesandother domestication oftheGuidingPrinciples and policyworldwide, includingthrough provide impetustostrengthening IDP law decisions thataffectthem strengthen theparticipationof IDPs in The GP20 initiative aims to raise awareness awareness raise to aims GP20 initiative The of Action year, GP20 2020, Plan the This GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement
wiser and with heightened commitment. heightened with and wiser do to so, continue us more. Let achieve can we will, political with that, demonstrated has of Action GP20 of IDPs. Plan The rights work human uphold to shared the our in relevant be to continue will resolve’ protect, world, the ‘prevent, around contexts and countries different many in situations displacement of IDPs internal and numbers sovereignty. their exercising in meet to required are they obligations international of the war, part as in and violence in peace, of IDPs, in rights human the protect to of States responsibility the emphasises likewise resolve’ protect, ‘Prevent, communities. of IDPs affected lives and day-to-day the in relevant be and resonate to continue that –Principles Displacement Internal on Principles Guiding of the spirit the words encapsulate Those resolve’. ‘prevent, slogan protect, the with Committee. Standing Inter-Agency by the endorsed was which of Action, Plan the in have participated society civil and agencies UN States, Member IDPs. UN protect to responsibilities their in States support to necessary is that implementation local and national the on afocus with levels national and regional at international, collaboration stakeholder multi- emphasises of Action GP20 Plan The Internally Displaced Persons onthe HumanRightsof UN SpecialRapporteur [email protected] Cecilia Jimenez-Damary
displacement situations. especially forprotractedinternal focus morecloselyonfindingsolutions, Indeed, with the continuing increase in in increase continuing the with Indeed, launched was of Action GP20 Plan The November 2020
FMR 65 FMR 65 now by the global COVID-19 global now by the pandemic. compounded vulnerabilities and needs people’s with things, other among change, climate of effects adverse due the to further rise to (IDPs) projected is persons displaced of internally number Worryingly, the protracted. increasingly becoming is displacement that reality the and decades, previous two the with compared years 20 past doubled over the has disasters of climate-related number the that fact the world decade, past the over the around conflicts of armed lethality and length number, the in increase an to attributed be adopted. were Displacement Internal on Principles Guiding 1998 the when since increase two-fold almost an represents opportunities to allow much-needed progress to be made in finding bold, concrete solutions. solutions. concrete bold, finding in made to be progress much-needed to allow opportunities of anumber highlighted has initiative GP20 The to act. community international the and States for imperative astronger and attention international greater triggered has situation the of urgency the displaced, internally people of numbers record With agencies, too, have demonstrated renewed renewed too, have demonstrated agencies, UN Second, Convention. Kampala the or domesticating ratifying those particularly years, recent in increased significantly has displacement internal on policies laws and developing States displacement-affected of number the And behind. furthest left those among IDPs often who are including leave to Development behind, no one for Agenda Sustainable 2030 the in committed States Member First, progress. make to effort for acollective emerged have opportunities new discouraging, seem might numbers the While New opportunities of disasters. aresult as 5.1 million end of 2019, the at violence and and conflict of aresult as displaced internally people 45.7 million Cold arecord War with era, post- the in unprecedented levels reached has displacement internal years, recent In solutions and protection prevention, on reflections Internaldisplacement: Samuel CheungandSebastianvon Einsiedel November 2020 This rise in internal displacement can can displacement internal in rise This GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement 1 This This practices and approaches on the ground – ground the on approaches and practices issue. the debate around the into optimism and momentum new injected has States, of displacement-affected representation number of those in protracted displacement. displacement. protracted in of those number the reduce significantly to potential the have approaches new and practices these up, scaled If action. strategic and inclusive more promotes and practices of good fostering and identification effective more enables forces joining that demonstrated Internal Displacement, Internal on Panel of aHigh-Level establishment Secretary-General’s UN level, the wide IDPs. toward system- At the commitments its 2019its IDP policy with UNHCR including displacement, internal addressing to commitment Protection and Solutions for IDPs Solutions and Protection Prevention, for Advancing of Action Plan GP20 The displacement. internal to solutions to – durable advance together often working others, and agencies UN authorities, local governments, by displacement-affected possess the tools and knowledge to reduce to knowledge and tools the possess we politics, of global state of the light in – term short the in –at least out of reach may seem measures such Even though displacement. internal prevent to measures sustainable and effective most the constitute would of course mitigation change climate and prevention conflict robust element, resolve’. first the to protect, regard With ‘prevent, GP20 slogan: of the elements three the into categorised helpfully be can feature, FMR special this in featured are which of many approaches, and practices These Prevention And third, we see promising innovative innovative promising we see third, And www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees 2 that reaffirms its reaffirms that 3 with its strong strong its with 4 has has
3 4 as part of UNHCR’s shelter project in North Kivu Province, DRC. DRC. Province, Kivu North in project shelter UNHCR’s of part as home, new her build to helping are who family host her with works woman displaced Internally allocated by multilateral adaptation funds. adaptation by multilateral allocated funding global 5.8% of the only received appeal, humanitarian interagency of an 11 subject of the which were change, climate of effects the to vulnerable most 15 countries of 2020, As the risk. at greatest populations and countries at the targeted inadequately and underfunded woefully remain areas these Unfortunately, communities. vulnerable of resilience the eye strengthening to aparticular with reduction, risk disaster and adaptation climate preparedness, emergency displacement-sensitive enable further to capacity our in investing to displacement. disaster to respect with particular in displacement, internal future existing displacement conditions. displacement existing exacerbate and displacement, in resulting conflict to contribute displacement, drive simultaneously can change how climate as such causes, of root involves analysis also adapt to an impending drought. impending adapt an to to means the people vulnerable by giving for instance displacement, to rise give that conditions the preventing populations, vulnerable among resilience strengthen to shown been has in particular, financing www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees In this regard, priority must be given given be must priority regard, this In Anticipatory action, and forecast-based forecast-based and action, Anticipatory GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement 6 Prevention Prevention 7
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action humanitarian of all centre at the of protection placing (that the is, of protection’ ‘centrality the where response; emergency to through prevention from integrated it is when best works also protection foundation, the as Principles Guiding the With communities. or marginalised older persons disabilities, with boys, persons and men girls, and –for example, for women vulnerabilities intersectional including persons, displaced of vulnerability heightened the account into takes that collaboration and disasters, and conflict law in humanitarian international for respect reinforce to commitments for wait tomorrow. IDPs cannot protecting warfare in cities, the long-term impacts of impacts long-term the cities, in warfare urban of effects collateral the mention to not contexts, of urban dimensions political and social economic, environmental, historical, demographic, various of the account take IDPs increasingly must protecting rural, than urban more today displacement global With of decision-making. part integral an is communities of displaced participation the where and community; humanitarian entire for the priorities achievable and concrete establishing through implemented practically Key factors for protection can include include can for protection Key factors 8 ) is applied to the local context and is is and context local the to applied ) is
UNHCR/Gloria Ramazan numerous others, where where others, numerous DRC Yemen, and and Colombia, as such places are there then and on; years waged nine being still is war where another, is Syria Africa; in crisis displacement growing fastest the to led has conflict where point, in acase Faso is Burkina challenges. protection acute facing and displacement of protracted situations in living already those joining newlyof people displaced, millions be to continue there year each since important acutely –remains protect GP20’sof the – slogan element second the under falls that action Concrete Protection November 2020
FMR 65 FMR 65 is equally required at the national level. national at the required equally is divide. humanitarian–development the between in fall – that durable solutions as such – interventions finance to it difficult make that streams funding bifurcated their into coherence greater by introducing suit follow to need will donors Meanwhile, elsewhere. displacement international to approaches for UN’ ‘One templates helpful provide Offices, Coordinators’ Resident the within anchored Ethiopia, and Somalia in Initiatives Solutions Durable divide. humanitarian–development the work across for aconducive infrastructure have created Coordinators) Resident empowered more independent, with system Coordinator Resident of the reinvigoration its (with reform System Development UN recent the and collaboration humanitarian–development strengthened towards Summit Humanitarian 2016 at the World Commitments reliance. self- their ensure and dignity their maintain normality, to order help to IDPsin return development sectors and humanitarian the across collaboration and partnerships effective strengthening in lies durable solutions interventions. lead to such capacities national build by helping and needs; and demographics IDPs’ on location, evidence and data necessary the generate countries affected by helping policies; of IDP laws and adoption the by encouraging displacement; internal of addressing benefits economic development and the ways by emphasising of anumber in will political incentivise can community international the themselves, States among from emerge to has commitment a such While territory. their within displacement internal to address responsibility primary their live to to up States affected by displacement- commitment the strengthen to is Panel, High-Level the to interest offirst, particular The for progress. ingredients fundamental two are –there GP20 slogan the in element third To –the solutions advance Advancing durablesolutions systems. tenure land and housing local and neighbourhoods, on disasters natural November 2020 Humanitarian–development collaboration collaboration Humanitarian–development for advancing factor key second The GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement GP20 Co-Chairs. Samuel CheungandSebastianvon Einsiedel are www.unocha.org Senior Advisor onInternal Displacement,OCHA [email protected] Sebastian von Einsiedel www.unhcr.org Chief ofInternal DisplacementSection,UNHCR Samuel Cheung people. displaced for internally solutions and protection prevention, help further will that commitments solid support and engender to up, and scaled be to potential have immense practices good the and collaboration the Both practices. good identifying in and continents and regions across collaboration fostering in GP20 have as play to arole such Initiatives solutions. to emergencies to preparedness from displacement internal address to commitment their implement and reinforce to need the in community, international by the supported centre, and front remain States and Clearly, momentum? governments maintain and opportunities these How on do we build The wayforward 8. bit.ly/Centrality-of-Protection 7. SeeFMR Rootcausesmini-featurewww.fmreview.org/return bit.ly/IFRC-FbF-Mongolia vulnerable herdersinMongolia’,DRR in Action CaseStudy 6. See,forinstance,IFRC(2018)‘Forecast-based Financingfor Overview 2020bit.ly/GHO-2020 bit.ly/ClimateFundsUpdate; OCHA GlobalHumanitarian disbursements bymultilateralclimateadaptation fundsat https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/; dataon 5. NotreDameND-GainIndexat 4. bit.ly/GPC-GP20PlanOfAction 3. www.un.org/internal-displacement-panel/ Internal Displacementbit.ly/UNHCR-IDP-Policy-2019 2. UNHCR (2019)PolicyonUNHCR’sEngagementinSituationsof www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2020/ 1. IDMCGlobalReportonInternalDisplacement2020 inclusion in national development plans. national in inclusion their and schemes security social to access IDPs’ ensure to need will they importantly, Most displacement. internal addressing of challenge the multidisciplinary reflect that approaches ‘whole-of-government’ havetoo, developed governments, affected of displacement- anumber Encouragingly, www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees [email protected]
5 6 of a national IDP law reflects a renewed commitment to and vision for protecting its citizens. citizens. its protecting for vision and to commitment renewed a reflects law IDP a national of drafting recent the but challenges humanitarian complex and significant faces Sudan South Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement Displacement Internal on Principles Guiding 1998 the as well as Convention Kampala the 2009 to sought domesticate committees, parliamentary and (MHADM) Management Disaster and Affairs of Humanitarian Ministry its through Sudan of South Government of the initiative an legislation, 2019. Act Persons national Displaced draft The Internally to Assistance and Protection the IDP law entitled development of anational the on 2018 embarked in Sudan South IDPs, of protection the for year significant aremarkably out be to what turned In 2018: apivotalyear of civilians. displacement forced the and groups, by armed of civilians targeting the violations, rights by human characterised immense, is conflict of this cost human The disasters. natural and concerns security violence, inter-communal as such causes of compounding due avariety to displaced repeatedly IDPs havemany been conflict; of drivers overlapping complex and from result Sudan for South IDPs in challenges protection that indicated and for prevention Sudan. for South framework policy acomprehensive recommended mission the particular, In term. longer and medium short, the in displacement internal to respond and prevent to preparedness institutional and capacity of adequate absence the on reported and Sudan, South to amission undertook Beyani, of IDPs, Chaloka rights human the on Rapporteur Special UN 2013 former the In Sites. of Civilian Protection UNMISS in hosted IDPs are 200,000 Over countries. neighbouring in refugees were Sudanese South million 2.2 while Sudan, South in (IDPs) persons displaced internally million 1.67 than more were 2020, of June As there protection to and IDPs assistance The potential of South Sudan’s national law on Chaloka Beyani, Gatwech Peter Kulang andRose Mwebi www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees Further reports highlighted the dire need need dire the highlighted reports Further GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement achieving durable peace in South Sudan. South in durable peace achieving of process the in element integral IDPs an as and of refugees reintegration and return 2018. in R-ARCSS The signed for provides (R-ARCSS) Sudan of South Republic the in Conflict of the Resolution the on Agreement Revitalised of the implementation ongoing the reinforce would also legislation national the that noted of Justice, Ministry the to legislation draft the forwarding on Nyuot, Mar Hussein Management, Disaster and Affairs for Humanitarian Minister former The situation. displacement current the ending towards efforts IDPs redouble to and for protection enhance to government the of commitment the signalled developments These Sudanese. South for displaced solutions comprehensive achieve to opportunity an provide GCR of the implementation to (GCR) Sudan’s South and commitment Refugees on Compact Global of the adoption level, the global at the And Sudan. of South Government by the Convention Kampala the of ratification the to led –has initiative GP20 by the supported and law –galvanised IDP anational of formulating process This Sudan. South in applicable them make to departments, humanitarian and development and humanitarian departments, and ministries line government including of stakeholders anumber galvanised UNHCR, and by MHADM led GP20 partners, Sudan South needs). The of their assessment of IDPs (and participation for the and for stakeholders mechanisms coordination necessary the provided of Action GP20 Plan The displacement. internal to adequately respond to government by the faced challenges of IDPs the and needs the identify order better to in approach participatory law a took national the drafting Those Reflections ondevelopingthenationallaw November 2020
FMR 65 FMR 65 September 2018 led to validation of a zero of 2018 azero validation to led September event in at ahigh-level stakeholders collection. out data carry to it difficult made access internet and infrastructure limited while due conflict, to areas some in challenging law –proved extremely the of implementation development and the influence to are priorities and perspectives their if –vital communities IDPs host and with consultation and to access effective law. draft the However, in included was rights for women’s protection property appropriate aresult, as practices; cultural discriminatory due to and of documentation lack due their to displacement during behind left property reclaiming in challenges face to likely women are that consultations the during law. draft evident the example,For became it informing to critical was This communities. IDPs host and with consultations countrywide UNHCR-led out through widened then law. national the in framed as arrangements institutional development of the the supported turn in IDPs to that assistance and of protection coordination on issues practical on exchange an enabled levels ministerial and at technical both ministries of line participation the Furthermore, legislation. the around will political order cultivate to in important was this process; the of importance the affirm to officials event for government ‘validation’ a was there this, Following participation. effective and informed their ensure to base knowledge their boost and IDP law making of understanding their build to helping officials, government IDPs senior and with for consultations point starting the marked workshop The IDPs invited. were which July 2018, in MHADM and by UNHCR to jointly convened first was policy lawon and displacement. internal on law-making in have expertise government in policymakers senior with consultations leading those that aprocess such in It important is approach. awhole-of-society ensuring thereby stakeholders, other and donors Union, African IDPs, society, the civil academia, actors, November 2020 Following this, consultations with with consultations this, Following was process the in IDP participation aworkshop process, actual of the terms In GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement the TNLA for enactment as a draft bill. adraft as for enactment TNLA the to of Justice Ministry by the presented is law the once undertaken be will campaigns awareness public that It envisaged is Sudan’s South and law society. media, national academia, organisations, based NGOs, community/faith- international and national agencies, UN organisations, regional and Union African (TNLA), the Assembly Legislative National Transitional the ministries, line from drawn participants attended by was over 70 seminar IDPs. The for assistance and of protection issues on insights their seek IDP law and the on public of members of Juba sensitise to University the and MHADM by UNHCR, hosted co- was aseminar process, participatory balances. and checks establishing to key being as noted particularly was institutions rights of role human monitoring IDPs. The of situation the addressing to dedicated forums inter-sectoral technical and by lower-levelcomplemented operational mechanism coordination inter-ministerial an recommended consultations the regard, this In approach. amulti-tiered IDPs requires to assistance and of protection provision that it noted was of coordination, question the On dignity. with and safety in happen to returns of law enable to rule strengthen and and improvesecurity b) or resettlement, integration local return, voluntary namely of durable solution, choice haveto afree a) to IDPs need enable the with this linking assistance, and protection providing in role play to astronger government for the arecommendation to led responsibility State on Discussions durable solutions. and assistance, and of protection coordination responsibility, of State issues revolved around law. national Discussions the of draft October 2019 but although it represents an an 2019 it represents October but although Framework in this revised government The Sudan. South in reconstruction and assistance for humanitarian framework 2017 in a provide to Reintegration and Resettlement Framework Return, on aNational adopted had Sudan South Addressing theprotectionand solutionsgap Finally, building further on the the on further Finally, building www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees 7 8 funding. The national legislation thus aligns aligns thus legislation national The funding. external on dependent being than rather resources own country’s the from funded are solutions for long-term strategies and responses humanitarian that ensure will that one and region the to new is that approach revenues), oil an of of 30% national allocation the (provided through implementation its support to afund establishes law also The country. the it in applicable making hence Solutions, Framework Durable on IASC of the guidance the incorporating by is solutions on focuses profoundly country. the of part another to resettlement or of displacement, location the in integration for return, options by providing displacement internal to solutions on focuses specifically legislation the Principles, Guiding the with parallel In of communities. resilience the strengthen to assistance of cash use the and solutions, transitional programming, area-based as such approaches pragmatic for law provides the context, current the in durable solutions of achieving challenges the Recognising children. women and for rights property and land housing, safeguard to measures protection special for example, it establishes conditions; local suit to benchmarks protection international approach. awhole-of-society and government awhole-of- both on based for IDP protection, need the with coherently deal to opportunity aunique presents thus legislation national The Sudan. of South IDPs in situation the addressing in Principles Guiding of the for application basis normative alegal provides it domesticating Displacement, Internal on Principles 1998 Guiding the incorporates Convention Kampala 2). III, the (Article Since IDPs assist and protect to legislation relevant or amend enact to governments national on calls which Convention Kampala the to accession country’s of the also view in timely, thus was displacement internal on legislation of national development of apiece The Convention. Kampala the and Principles Guiding by the envisaged as framework legal of a comprehensiveness the it lacks solutions, for durable search the towards step important www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees Another way in which the draft law draft the which way in Another law adapts Innovatively, draft the GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement (seconded to IGAD) UNHCR SeniorPolicy/Humanitarian Advisor Rose Mwebi [email protected] and Disaster ManagementofSouthSudan ofHumanitarianAffairs Undersecretary, Ministry [email protected] Gatwech Peter Kulang Protection andAssistanceto IDPs inSouthSudan development ofthenationallegislationfor Government onthe andUNHCRExpert GeneralontheHumanRightsofIDPs; Secretary Displacement; Former ofthe SpecialRapporteur General’sHighLevelSecretary Panel onInternal Group to Advisory the Member oftheExpert Associate Professor ofInternational Law, LSE; towards a lasting peace in South Sudan. South in peace alasting towards R-ARCSS of the implementation strengthen to potential has and GCR of the spirit the with and if they are to achieve durable solutions. durable solutions. achieve to are they if and assisted, and protected adequately be to are IDPs if vital law are the implementing and enacting in momentum and commitment step, continued important an represents law national draft development of the the law. the implement Finally, however, while to momentum necessary the creating in important be also will GCR the and Convention Kampala of the implementation the level through global and regional at the created opportunities Harnessing solutions. durable of IDPs, including assistance and protection for the resources requisite the allocate to extent law, it alarge to in obliging responsibility primary government’s of the awareness builds for IDPsframework also further. implementation its aid to likely is Sudan of South Government the with by GP20 created partnership strong The enacted. law once of the implementation the and TNLA the by legislation draft of the enactment the support to forum important an law, remains national and the developing to commitment stakeholder amulti- galvanising to key was Plan Action GP20 the that law,the noting worth it is of developing process at the back Looking Creating andmaintainingmomentum Chaloka Beyani Importantly, having a national legal legal anational having Importantly, [email protected]
November 2020
FMR 65 FMR 65 for the way forward in this complex area. complex this in way forward the for practice good of examples offer Action of Plan GP20 the as such Initiatives data. accurate and comprehensive to –without responded adequately be less much –and understood be cannot situations displacement internal of diversity and severity magnitude, The displacement and securing durable solutions. securing and displacement of impacts and causes the addressing on work order inform to in quality of good and relevant are data displacement internal that ensure to levels national and global the at standards setting and collaboratively of working importance show the examples three These data. resulting of the use make to actors other and governments helping in and data displacement internal to specific challenges meeting in both Somalia, and Republic African Central the level, from global at the practice good of examples concrete three offers article development. This capacity with support as well as practice, good and expertise valuable share to stakeholders of global range abroad and governments enabled at both technical and practical levels. This has has This levels. practical and technical at both challenges many complex, with particularly is of durable solutions achievement the Measuring for IDPs practice. into Solutions Framework Durable on IASC the and Displacement Internal on Principles Guiding the as such frameworks established internationally translate to difficult remains it and nature in multi-layered and varied are situations displacement Internal Conceptualising measuresandindicators data. of displacement use and dissemination collection, the in practice of good examples many are there definitions, and standards of differing use the as such challenges, various Despite displacement. internal to durable solutions seeking when especially programming, and policies responses, inform to evidence reliable comprehensive, to access need actors international and Governments data displacement Using collaborative approaches to improve internal Devora Levakova, Adrián Calvo Valderrama, Jacques Ajaruvwa Wathum andDamienJusselme November 2020 The GP20 Plan of Action initiative has has initiative of Action GP20 Plan The GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement IDP Statistics (EGRIS). IDP Statistics and Refugee Group on Expert the gap is this practices. diverging and approaches development of different the to contributed Recommendations on IDP Statistics (IRIS), IDP on Statistics Recommendations International mobility. The of human spectrum entire the across displacement of forced measurements of harmonised implementation for the systems) statistical at (aimed national recommendations developing on worked collaboratively has developed by EGRIS’ IDP sub-group by EGRIS’ developed durable solutions for statistical purposes. for statistical durable solutions of achievement the howon measure to Framework – IASC the on builds – that guidance include also recommendations These for IDP statistics. framework agreed internationally 2020, an provide March in Commission Statistical UN by the endorsed needs and vulnerabilities specifically related related specifically vulnerabilities and needs IDPs’ the identify to particular in community, non-displaced the with comparisons making when matters location physical location). The settlement or other of return, location of displacement, of IDPs (that location is, location physical for the accounting still while criteria,⁵ IASC eight by the captured vulnerabilities displacement-related the on focusing displacement, to linked aspects crucial more the how was identify to measure the developing in of discussion points major the among Therefore, of implementation. terms in realistic and contexts of displacement range for awide relevant globally being with elements substantive of relevant inclusion the balance to needs ameasure Such challenging. extremely is durable solutions as such issue for acomplex measure astatistical developing One of the strongest initiatives to fill fill to initiatives strongest of the One The recommendations recognise that that recognise recommendations The www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees 1 Since 2016, Since EGRIS 3 and and 4
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9 10 where several types of displacement coexist coexist of displacement types several where CAR, in crisis complex humanitarian The displacement. of internal concepts basic of the some of understanding the in differences be (CAR).Republic to However, appeared there African Central the in process planning 2019 the humanitarian during recognised unanimously was displacement by affected people on data reliable for good, need The methods inCAR Collaborative workshopondatacollection organisations. international and governments between collaboration continued and testing further through methodology the refine to opportunity an is there that means this forwards, developed. Moving been criteria. IASC eight all account into takes that measure for aprogress recommendations includes also therefore IRIS and response, and programming for informing crucial is for IDPs durable solutions towards progress overall However, measuring criteria. IASC eight the five on of overcome based been have vulnerabilities displacement-related key whether assessing on focuses that measure acomposite proposes IRIS contexts, IDP in available capacities statistical and of resources levels varying the consideration non-displaced. and displaced the both by shared those and displacement their to www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees A global set of indicators has not yet yet not has of indicators set A global into taking and of this light In GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement Families displaced by drought in Somalia. in drought by displaced Families comprehensive, reliable data in CAR. in data reliable comprehensive, ensure to stakeholders relevant the between collaboration of continued importance the underlines and responsibilities, assigned clearly with scheme, publication and validation adata SOP presents the addition, In families. host with IDPs living and for settings camp in for IDPs living both sex by age and data disaggregating for amethodology and compilation, data during of information providers between conflicts actual/potential help resolve to for arbitration criteria things, other among (SOP) introduced, which Procedure Operating aStanding developed they plan, of this part As CAR. in displacement internal on of data quality improve the assistance. and response protection appropriate enable to thereby and of displacement dynamics the understand better in to order time of period a defined over number that in change the and time in moment at aspecific of displacement asituation in of persons number total the a protracted displacement context. The The context. displacement a protracted in durable solutions inform to collection data of collaborative use of the example an 2015–16, in conducted Mogadishu, provides in settlements informal of profiling The Mogadishu, Somalia Planning fordurablesolutions: profilingin They also agreed on an action plan to to plan action an on agreed also They UNHCR/Mustafa Saeed displacement and the need to track track to need the and displacement of internal concepts basic of the understanding develop acommon able were to Participants data. displacement of internal quality of the improvement the discuss to organisations society civil and development organisations, and humanitarian authorities, local and national communities, of affected representatives together brought that GP20 initiative the by organised a workshop was stakeholders. all among concepts and of definitions understanding for acommon need the underlined time, same at the areas same the in In January 2019, January In CAR, in November 2020
FMR 65 FMR 65 humanitarian and development sector. and humanitarian the across door for fundraising the opened it thus durable solutions; implementing in of role municipalities of the importance the understand to and factor impoverishment an as displacement recognise to who came development stakeholders, with dialogue others should now be expanded and/or expanded now be should others and initiatives These phenomenon. of this resolution and prevention understanding, common order ensure to in data displacement internal gaps surrounding the bridge to initiatives of many afew only are article this in presented examples The Conclusion programmes. and policies for durable solutions planning inform to and city the in situation displacement of the understanding athorough gain to exercise out aprofiling carried actors humanitarian and partners government city-level and 2014–2015 in populations, federal displaced of experience the on available evidence limited However,the given settlements. same the in populations non-displaced the by faced those from challenges different face to IDPs of Mogadishu, seem city capital the around settlements urban informal the in Settling for decades. Somalia in displacement driven has floods and drought recurrent and severe and conflict of armed combination (2020). Strategy Solutions city’sDurable five-year the for data baseline the provided and Mogadishu Mayor of by the led of ataskforce creation informed furthermore (2017). profiling The Plan Development National country’s the in displacement internal of time, first for the inclusion, the and Initiative Solutions Durable IDP Somali of the establishment the informed They strategies. durable solutions and plans development national-level and local- into future. own their about decision-making their affect that mechanisms coping and needs specific capacities, skills, families’ the examine history, and displacement their analyse settlements, informal the in of IDPs living number of the estimates disaggregated to provide was profiling the November 2020 The results of the profiling fed directly directly fed profiling of the results The 7 The profiling process also prompted prompted also process profiling The GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement 6 The purpose of purpose The the the https://displacement.iom.int/ Coordinator, West andCentralAfrica,IOM Regional DisplacementTracking Matrix Damien Jusselme CAR Senior Protection Cluster Coordinator, UNHCR Jacques Ajaruvwa Wathum www.internal-displacement.org Senior Monitoring Coordinator, IDMC Adrián Calvo Valderrama Profiling Advisor, JIPSwww.jips.org Devora Levakova for decision-making. relevant and stakeholders by various for use suitable both are IDPthat data quality good comprehensive, produce to develop to capacity resources necessary the dedicate and processes, analysis and collection data the throughout communities affected engage furthermore should They approaches. and methodologies of standardised implementation and refinement the on collaboration for enhanced now strive should actors international and displacement. internal to solutions lasting effective, tangible, of identification the for base asolid create can collaboratively challenges pertinent most the tackling at once, addressed be can issues all not although that, demonstrate examples these However,and action. dialogue deters often displacement of internal level of complexity high The effect. for maximum on capitalised Regional Authority /Municipality ofMogadishu. 7. TheDurableSolutions Strategyisdeveloped fortheBanaadir Shelter Cluster. ELMAN, MercyCorps,DBG,Save theChildren,REACHand UNHCR, DRC,IOM,OCHA,NRC,IRC,SSWC, ORDO,HINNA, the ProtectionCluster’s profiling working group,whichincluded and Federal Affairs, theBanadirRegional Administration,and Somalia DisasterManagement Agency oftheMinistryInterior 6. With technicalsupportfromJIPS,theexercise was ledbythe 5. Seeendnote4,p27. Persons bit.ly/IASC-Durable-Solutions 4. IASC(2010)Framework :DurableSolutionsforInternallyDisplaced States andexpertsfromregionalinternationalorganisations. of representatives fromNationalStatisticalOfficesof15Member support fromUNSD,StatisticsNorway andIDMC,consisted 3. As partofEGRIS,theIDP subgroupwas ledbyJIPS,with 2. bit.ly/IDPstatistics-IRIS 1. bit.ly/EGRIS Building on this momentum, governments governments momentum, this on Building www.unhcr.org www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
11 12 settlement to be legalised in the Putumayo region. region. Putumayo the in informal legalised be first to the Esperanza, settlement Nueva in lives now She Colombia. in conflict armed the to children three and husband her lost Pinto Alba www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees reparations to communitiesthatsuffered collective damageorviolationsdueto violenceorconflict. compensations have beenpaidto alsoallows victims, halfofwhomareIDPs.TheRegistry for assistanceand 6,000 landrestitutionjudgementshave beenissuedand,according to theVictims’Unit, 1,156,401 monetary isadditionallyusedto durablesolutions forcrimes, theRegistry create IDPs.Nearly publicpoliciesandsupport access assistanceandreparations.Capturingdifferentiating theneedsofIDPsandvictimsother people displacedinternally. isatechnical TheRegistry andadministrative tool designedto helpvictimsto have beenviolated asaconsequence ofarmedconflictandviolencesince 1985, including over eightmillion thatincludes details ofover isaStateColombia’s Victims’Registry registry ninemillionpeoplewhoserights durable solutions Colombia: disaggregatingdatato show progress towards 1. bit.ly/GPC-IGAD-Oct2019 Around 240 householdshadbeenresettled by October 2019. andincome-generatingactivities,initiallyploughsthelandforinfrastructure, services thecommunity. contracts for provision constructionandservice stay withinthegovernment. Thegovernment provides housing, to relocate. Theproject isbasedonawhole-of-government approach, involving allrelevant ministries,andall the government buysanddevelops landfor settlement andencouragesresidentsathighriskofdisplacement from high-riskareasintheMountElgonareato ofthisprogramme, safer areasinBulambuliDistrict.Aspart These dataarebeingusedto implement aten-year programme to relocate basis householdsonavoluntary Office ofthePrimeMinister) whichincludesbiometric registrationdetails inlandslide-prone ofpersons areas. Uganda conducted ahazard riskprofile oftheentirecountry, compiling adatabase(undertheaegisof Uganda: mitigationofdisplacementinlandslide-prone areas UNHCR/Ruben Salgado Escudero GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement 1
November 2020
FMR 65 FMR 65 A site for internally displaced families in the Abs district of Hajjah governorate, Yemen. Yemen. governorate, Hajjah of district Abs the in families displaced internally for A site November 2020 Displacement with support from UNHCRandcivilsociety organisations. Displacement withsupport In 2020,ElSalvador adopted anew law on internal displacementinlinewiththeGuidingPrinciplesonInternal El Salvador: anew law onprotection ofIDPs to transform theallocated andviablesettlement. landinto aserviced technicalwere essentialininforming guidanceandfinancialsupport and facilitating thesteps that were taken of relocationplanningandincludingthelocalhostcommunityinplan.Internationaland theimportance IDPs atriskofeviction; thecriticalrole oflocalauthoritiesinfindingsolutions together withinternational actors; challenges for IDPslivingininformal settlements; theneedfor identificationofland andhousingsolutions for urban site withimproved securityoftenure inanother districtofAden governorate. Thiscase highlighted the to remainuntilanalternative couldbeprovided. Withinsixmonths,theIDPswere relocated to anewly serviced government agencyresponsiblefor IDPprotection andassistance)negotiated withtheowner to allow theIDPs year, aprivate owner informed theIDPsofherwishto regainuseofherland.The Executive Unit for IDPs(the informallyAfter hosting109 internally displacedfamilies onherlandinAden governorate for around one informal settlements Yemen: allocationoflandby localauthoritiesfor IDPsin 2. ElSalvador: Sentenciasobredesplazamientoforzado (Amparo411-2017),13July2018www.refworld.org.es/docid/5b4f72e54.html January 2020www.refworld.org.es/docid/5e691b974.html 1. ElSalvador: Leyespecialparalaatenciónyprotección integraldepersonasencondicióndesplazamiento forzadointerno, 23 months pertaining to theprotectionmonths pertaining ofIDPs. rulingin2018was aConstitutionalCourt whichordered Parliament to issuespecial regulationswithinsix and ConstitutionalMatters. society inmeetings withtheExecutive andthrough written testimonies sentto theCommittee on Legislation technicalformation ofIDPsandcivil team ofabill-drafting thatincludedinternational andparticipation experts; political willthrough alargeforum; lobbying andmediaevents by publicinstitutions,civil society andothers; to the adoptionofthelaw included:anexchange ofgoodpracticeswithColombia andHonduras;mobilisingof putpressureontheParliament andtheExecutive.Constitutional Court Otheressentialfactors thatcontributed UNHCR/Ibrahim Al-Ja’adi GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement 2 Thedeadlineandfollow-up mechanisms establishedby the www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees 1 Themaincatalystfor thisprocess 13 14 makers in order to identify and take up opportunities to achieve durable solutions. solutions. durable to achieve opportunities up take and to identify order in makers decision- national and local with directly work can IDPs that so expanded and maintained be –must Colombia in initiative GP20 the of part as organised those –like spaces Participatory action plan. action GP20 country-level own their developed Colombia in organisations and agencies of international Agroup displacement. internal assist and reduce to efforts global support and order mobilise to in launched was of Action aGP20 Plan Displacement, Internal on Principles Guiding UN of the Colombia’s adurable solution. IDPs secure to of majority the enable to done be can more however, advances, much important these Despite settlements. those in living migrants and IDPs, refugees but also areas urban in communities vulnerable only not benefits that a process settlements, of informal legalisation Colombia’s Plan Development National of component important Currently, an of IDPs. rights the guarantee to institutions appropriate the –urges today force in – still which Court, Constitutional of the of 2004 T025 Ruling and process, restitution land the and conflict 1448 of armed of 2011 for victims Law Law persons, 387 of 1997 for displaced including by conflict, displaced people protect and assist to framework institutional and 1985. since internally displaced have been people million eight than more conflict, armed of the victims register to authority 2011 in the with established Unit, Victims’ 2016. in Colombia’s to According Agreement Peace of the signing the since year each have occurred displacements new 100,000 about aresult, Venezuela. As and Ecuador with regions border in and Pacific Coast the along persist conflict and violence process, peace its implement to Colombia continues As solutions driving Prioritising the participation of IDPs in focus attention on internal displacement displacement internal on attention focus re- to plan action of this framework the within organised were events high-level GP20 Colombia www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees To mark the 20th anniversary in 2018 in anniversary To 20th the mark Colombia has a highly sophisticated legal legal sophisticated ahighly Colombia has GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement 2 Throughout 2018 2019, Throughout and 1 is the the is reinvigorate the drive for solutions. drive the reinvigorate to and day-to-day struggles, their to visibility more give to used was areas conflict-affected in IDPs leaders and with dialogue Adirect country. the in In particular, their messages presented a firm afirm presented messages their particular, In displacement. internal to solutions advance on how to ideas own their offering events, these in IDPs outspoken were risks. these address to taken be should what steps discuss to and risks protection persistent of their voice, awareness IDPs able raise were to astrong by having and events, these Through 2018 in 2019, and organised was including: of events Aseries government. national the to ways forward propose and concerns raise IDPsto offer to a platform priority their Colombia have made it in GP20 partners Dialogue andadvocacy
their plansonceinoffice. inclusion ofIDP-relevant publicpolicy in and IDPs’ leaders,andadvocate for direct discussionbetween the candidates institutions; theevent aimedtofacilitate debate withleaders,civilsocietyandlocal brought togetherfive candidatesto for governors andmayors, successfully which, inthemidstofelectoralprocess a localforuminthedepartmentofNariño, UN agenciesandcivilsociety. armed conflict,nationalauthorities,NGOs, representatives ofthosemostaffected by El Espectador collaboration withthenationalnewspaper a nationalpublicforumondisplacementin rights officialsinBogotá. leaders, IDPsandgovernment human members inColombiaandhumanrights two meetingsfordialoguebetween GP20 andwithparticipationfrom November 2020
FMR 65 FMR 65 to: need the highlight events of GP20 series of the conclusions The elections. for the agenda the on issues their putting in IDPs effective were of Nariño, case the In plans. these IDPs on within policy public agreed of the incorporation for the advocating while development plans, local to concretely own.” IDPs able contribute were to leave our not “Do on us call: determined and in the IGAD region are to respond more effectively to high levels of internal displacement. internal of levels to high effectively more to respond are region IGAD the in governments if needed is more what on attention focused 2019 in exchanges State-to-State this eight-country trading bloc trading eight-country this (IDPs) across persons displaced internally of population The IGAD region. the in concern amajor is displacement Internal Reflections on State experiences in the regionIGAD in Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia. Kenya and Somalia, in mostly by disasters, displaced were people 1,753,000 estimated an addition, In violence. and of conflict aresult as region the in displaced internally were people million eight of 2019, nearly end the estimated an At and Ethiopia. Sudan South in conflicts 2014, dueto since mainly significantly and Sudan, conflicts are the main drivers in drivers main the are conflicts Sudan, and Sudan South Somalia, Ethiopia, in people displace also disasters Uganda. While and Kenya Djibouti, in of displacement drivers main the currently are landslides and Charles ObilaandAriadnaPop November 2020
consequences ofconflictandviolence. are exposedtothesamerisksand and migrantssincethesepopulations hosting IDPsandVenezuelan refugees of goodsandservicesinterritories prioritise andstrengthenthedelivery with recurrentemergencies institutions inareasdifficulttoaccessand reinforce thepresenceofgovernment the drive towards solutions to displacementand,particularly, support coordination foracomprehensive response promote andstrengtheninter-agency Disasters caused by drought, floods floods by drought, caused Disasters GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement 1 has risen risen has 2
GP20 Colombia solutions. achieve to up opportunities taking and defining in decision-makers national and local with work to directly facilitated IDPs be must displacement, internal on framework institutional and normative of Colombia’s support in and Displacement Internal on Principles Guiding the with line In expanded. be and continue to Colombia, need of GP20 in auspices the under organised solutions. and protection to through prevention –from displacement internal to responses successful and adequate guarantee to efforts its in government the to support effective more help provide will turn in This conflict. by affected individuals and of communities participation for and visibility enhance to objective same the Colombia share GP20 in in engaged Partners International. Office, UNHCR,IOM,UNDP, NRC,JRSCOL,OCHA andRET 2. GP20ColombiaiscomposedoftheResidentCoordinator’s la equidadbit.ly/Colombia-PND 1. PlanNacionaldeDesarrollo 2018–2022 PactoporColombia,pacto Commission (AUC) exchange Commission an –convened Union African the and of Switzerland Government the Cluster, Protection Global of the support the with and GP20 initiative the with 2019 collaboration IGAD –in Convention). (Kampala Africa in Persons Displaced of Internally Assistance and Protection for the Convention Union African of the anniversary 10th the and Refugees) (OAU Africa in on Problems Convention of Refugee Aspects Specific the Governing OAU of the Convention anniversary 50th the It also was Persons. Displaced Internally and Returnees Year the of Refugees, be to protracted. largely is displacement internal resulting the and countries those Participatory spaces, such as those those as such spaces, Participatory It was fitting, therefore, that in October October in that therefore, It fitting, was 2019 declared had Union African The www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees [email protected] 15 16 and policies on internal displacement. displacement. internal on policies and of laws implementation development and on of experiences sharing the facilitated that exchange at the policy lawon and session adedicated was Accordingly, there protected. fully are they ensure to taken be to measures the and IDPs’rights define also They arrangements. collaborative by institutionalising development action and of humanitarian predictability the increase and roles responders’ define responsibilities, government help clarify frameworks Normative displacement. internal addressing decrees and laws, policies implementing and of adopting importance of the acceptance general the was exchange 2019the regional States. on Member influence a positive works exert to that of competition element an create needs, assistance and protection IDPs’ addressing in progress their showcase to encouraged are States Member which in exchanges, and seminars annual The levels. sub-national and national at both solutions durable to approaches and funding collection, data peacebuilding, systems, warning early include to Convention Kampala the beyond extended were discussions exchange, regional 2019 At goal. the annual this achieve them help to available systems support and tools of the for discussion and States Member by IGAD convention of the implementation and ratification advocate to for the platforms as serve These AUCCross, agencies. UN and Red the of Committee International the with collaboration in Convention Kampala the on seminars annual IGAD joint convenes Importance ofnormativeframeworks discussions. these from emerging lessons and outcomes the some of on reflects article This donors. and development actors practitioners, humanitarian experts, institutions, rights human national of representatives officials, over 100 government together brought –and issues migration advance and discuss to platform open –an Migration on Process of IGAD’s Consultative Regional framework the under held was exchange The displacement. internal to durable solutions and resilience supporting in of experiences www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees One of the most encouraging outcomes of outcomes encouraging most of the One GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement roles and responsibilities of armed groups, groups, of armed responsibilities and roles obligations, specific identify to and Parties; of States responsibilities and obligations the promote to for durableprovide solutions; and displacement of internal causes root the eliminate and prevent to measures national and regional strengthen and promote to are objectives its frameworks, establishing to addition In Convention. Kampala the of implementation for the plan action first –the of Action 2017 Plan the Harare include challenges implementation these assessment). risk for hazard example (for of displacement prevention the in may assist which technology to access limited and stakeholders, of government commitment limited profiles, returnee IDP on and data inadequate donor fatigue, for allocation, land and of resources lack capacity, institutional limited concerns, security include by States IGAD Member highlighted were that implementation to key. is implementation Challenges their ensuring that workshop agreed of the place, however, in members displacement internal laws addressing and policies displacement. internal on or frameworks laws, policies have national States Member IGAD most addition, In Persons. Returning of Rights Property the on aProtocol as well as Persons Displaced Internally to Assistance and Protection the on aProtocol includes this Region; Lakes Great the in Development and Stability Pact Security, on the to party also are sign. to yet are Sudan it. Kenya and ratified since has Convention, the signed had which Ethiopia, Convention. Kampala the ratified Uganda had and Somalia 2019, Sudan, of October South Djibouti, As aims. its advancing to commitment political their expressed States Member IGAD all and displacement, internal on instrument regional binding legally only the is Convention Kampala level, the regional At the countries. of their IDPs in needs the address to frameworks of developing phases different in are and approaches various Efforts that have been made to address made to address havebeen that Efforts have to appropriate need the Besides Uganda and Sudan Sudan, Kenya, South have adopted States IGAD Member November 2020
FMR 65 FMR 65 found in Sudan, where national and local local and national where Sudan, in found be can coordination multi-stakeholder ways. different in though coordination, such undertake States IGAD Member All institutions). other and ministries relevant (across levels) horizontally and local and sub-national national, (between vertically both effective be to is coordination if essential is leadership Government tools among different stakeholders. different among tools methodological of common use and understanding shared promoted have also They IDP policies. sub-national and national of drafting the and Convention Kampala the of ratification the have facilitated Ethiopia and Somalia in DSIs The levels. operational and planning institutional, for IDPs at policy,solutions legislative, durable support to actors peace and development humanitarian, necessary the connect and engagement community level, ensure highest at the leadership and ownership donors). political support DSIs and NGOs national and international (UN, community international the and levels local and regional at national, authorities government the between cooperation and action collective facilitate to aim (DSIs) which Initiatives Solutions Durable have established AU among States. Member compliance foster and monitor to Parties of States of aConference establishment the and increasing government accountability. government increasing for and responsibilities institutional for clarifying important is point focal agovernment Designating point. focal of agovernment designation the – requires displacement internal to durable solutions implementing and coordinating identifying, in –essential leadership government that consensus ageneral was There stakeholder coordination Centrality ofgovernmentandmulti- Displacement AU Model Law Internal on 2018 of the adoption the includes of Action Plan Harare the implementing on progress Key organisations. society civil including actors relevant other and actors non-State November 2020 An example of particularly effective effective of particularly example An At country level, Somalia and Ethiopia Ethiopia and level, Somalia At country GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement 4
3
the sustainability of the impact. of the sustainability the threaten context fundraising challenging the and of funding nature short-term the revealed, However, discussions the as resilience. in investments multi-year as well as assistance humanitarian continued including peacebuilding, and prevention conflict in energy invest to Functions. Liaison State as known what are through implementation and programming planning, joint in engage NGOs) international and donors banks, UN, development the (including community international the and sector private the society, civil local and national government, from prevention to durable to solutions. prevention from displacement of internal continuum the across for programmes funding multi-year and flexible additional mobilise for and advocate second, and development plans; national and budgets sub-national and national through made available are resources that adequate ensure first, recommendations: durable solutions. enable that conditions create to and displacement, IDPs during protect and assist to displacement, against civilians safeguard to programmes support to funding sufficient allocate to need governments that stressed exchange regional at the IDPs. to Stakeholders commitment of its and level of awareness of its both indication for IDPs an is funding to priority gives agovernment which to extent The Sustainability offunding data systems need to better address the the address better to need systems data displacement that agreed generally was accordingly. It shaped are systems data –and responses humanitarian informing to tailored mainly are displacement on reasons. for several inadequate are available are that data The IGAD region. the in challenge a remains planning for durable solutions communities displacement-affected and IDPs on data good-quality Gathering Availability ofreliabledata Joint activities encourage all parties parties all encourage activities Joint The meeting established two key key two established meeting The First, the data currently collected collected currently data the First, www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees 17 18 provided a platform to share experiences experiences share to aplatform provided 2019 October in IGAD exchange the While Conclusion Goals. Development Sustainable UN the with line in III Plan Development National its in indicators displacement included has and stakeholders, with partnership in for IDPs data registration developing is Somalia Meanwhile, assessments. seasonal multi-sectoral including data displacement compile jointly and share to Matrix Tracking IOM’s with Displacement coordinating are for example, Sudan, and Ethiopia usefulness. and availability improve to data region of IDPs. needs assistance and protection of the including displacement, internal of understanding incomplete and afragmented is result The areas. remote or quoted. used rarely statistics existing the and question into called sometimes is of IDP statistics credibility the governments, by produced are data existing few comparatively since out that, pointed was it agencies, UN by and NGOs collected outcomes. collective broader other and programmes of durable solutions contribution the assess to processes harmonised and quality. of varying data producing and methodologies different using purposes, joint than rather own their for assessments conduct organisations system. statistical national the into data of displacement integration the require may for instance This systems. based organisation- driven, humanitarian current the than rather system data stakeholder a multi- using by issues and profiles IDPs’ understand order better to in needs information longer-term and longitudinal for provide that systems data to transition to it critical was that stressed Participants (re)integration. sustainable support and displacement protracted address and help to prevent nexus statebuilding humanitarian–development–peace/ www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees Efforts are being undertaken in the the in undertaken being are Efforts in collected rarely Finally, are data largely are IDP data as insofar Fourth, tools of joint alack also is there Third, level, operational at the Second, GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement Charles Obila IDPs. hosting communities supporting and security, tenure on afocus ensuring mechanisms, IDP integration developing hazards, of natural impact the mitigating and anticipating mechanisms, warning early improved of introduction the by conflict curbing cohesion, social facilitate to dialogues peace establishing productivity, their regain IDPs helping include so doing in goals Their policies. and development plans national it into by integrating displacement internal resolving and addressing in approach term along- embrace to agreed stakeholders addition, In usefulness. and availability data improving on and resources; funding flexible and of adequate availability the ensuring on coordination; stakeholder multi- effective and leadership government establishing on displacement; internal addressing decrees and laws, policies implementing and of adopting importance the on to focus need efforts particular, In of implementation. areas on State Member each with to follow up required is effort more displacement, internal to durable solutions and resilience supporting in expertise and Ariadna Pop development https://igad.int/divisions/health-and-social- Migration Officer, IGAD 4. www.refworld.org/docid/5afc3a494.html 3. AU ModelLawonInternalDisplacement www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2020 2. IDMC(2020)GlobalReportonInternalDisplacement2020 South Sudan,SudanandUganda. Development) areDjibouti,Ethiopia,Eritrea,Kenya, Somalia, 1. TheeightmembersofIGAD(Intergovernmental Authority on Internal Displacement:Findingsfrom15Countries’ bit.ly/2011-Ch1 Foreign Affairs bit.ly/SFDFA-HSDForeign Affairs Diplomatic Officer, of Swiss Federal Department If you write, they willread. www.fmreview.org/writing-fmr actors? Seeour guidance for at authors Could you write for FMR?Co-author withlocal insights ofdisplaced people. – andglobalagendasreflectthe experiences and to help ensurethatpolicymakingandprogramming We strive to includeawidevariety ofvoices inFMR Whose voices areheardthroughFMR? Brookings Institute(2016)‘Assessing National Approaches to
[email protected] [email protected]
November 2020
FMR 65 FMR 65 early action, data, laws and policies, and community engagement. community and policies, and laws data, action, early on lessons valuable revealed have initiative, GP20 the of part as discussed displacement, disaster for preparing and mitigating to preventing, relating practice good of Examples examples introduce some key themes and and themes key some introduce examples These of displacement. at risk of communities engagement and approaches policy integrated action, humanitarian early collection, data reliable with or mitigated prevented be can displacement disaster to rise giving conditions the showed that put forward were caused by conflict and violence. and by conflict caused were displacements new million 8.5 comparison, By rains. monsoon and storms cyclones, as such events of weather-related result the were of which most due disasters, to displacements new 24.9 were (IDMC), million there Centre Monitoring Displacement Internal by the estimates to violence. According and conflict by than by disasters caused displacements internal more times 2019,In three were there Preventing and preparing for disaster displacement initiative from 2018 from 2020. to initiative GP20 by the convened events at several discussed were displacement disaster mitigate prone areas. prone disaster- in live not, than who, often and more disasters from themselves protect to resilience world’s who do have not the the those poorest: be – to continue will and – are the most suffer who people The devastating. are displacement that, it is estimated, could double by 2050. could estimated, it is that, –a number wildfires and droughts storms, of floods, because assistance life-saving provide to system humanitarian international the needed people 108 million estimated an 2018, In displacement. of disaster risk the exacerbating is change poverty. climate And increasing and food to access decreasing of livelihoods, loss erosion) due the to coastal or drought (such as disasters of slow-onset areas from away populations of shift gradual or a disasters; sudden-onset life-threatening from escape areas; hazard high-risk from relocations or planned evacuations emptive ways: many pre- in displacement trigger Barbara Essig,SebastienMoretti andPlatform onDisaster DisplacementSecretariat November 2020 The humanitarian consequences of consequences humanitarian The Disasters, or the threat of a disaster, can can of adisaster, threat or the Disasters, GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement 3 Examples of how or prevent to Examples 4 The examples examples The 1 2
disaster displacement, and merit sharing. merit and displacement, disaster reduce how and on prevent to approaches displacement as natural hazards remain remain hazards natural as displacement food. and of income source sole herders’ the preserving thereby deaths, of animal number the reduced This kits. care animal and assistance cash unconditional received households herder vulnerable 1,000 from 2020, people 4,050 In some allocated. automatically is funding point, trigger the reach indicators these Once data. forecast weather on 14 based includes indicators which adzud settlements, and/or informal move to cities to compelled feel might thus and livestock their lose they before To herders the livestock. support their and communities herding especially risk, at is country of the recently.Mongolia Half in frequent more become has cold which followed by extreme drought of severe dzud to Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Societies Crescent Red and Cross of Red Federation International by the taken displacement. or reducing preventing to contributing and of hazards impact the reducing preparedness, disaster better for it allows analysis, risk and forecasts scientific on Based reached. is threshold aspecific once actions humanitarian agreed for pre- funds pre-approved releasing works FbF by automatically years. recent in attention increasing gained (FbF), has financing forecast-based as such action, why humanitarian ‘anticipatory’ reasons the of one is This displacement. lead disaster to that conditions the address and prevent to better even be it would clearly displacement, internal to durable solutions achieving on focus astrong been has there While Prevention andpreparation While it is not always possible to prevent prevent to always not it possible is While A good example of FbF is the response response the is of FbF example A good , a Mongolian climatic phenomenon phenomenon climatic , aMongolian www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees risk map was developed, map was risk 5
19 20 resilient and to recover from disasters. disasters. from recover to and resilient more become to communities helping durable solutions, for planning used also are information and data Baseline drones. including technologies, spatial and theories mathematical using responses humanitarian prepare to events disaster for potential analytics predictive uses It then disaster. of type and location by geographical arranged aid, relief humanitarian and houses damaged sites, evacuation populations, affected other and workers) displaced on of social networks local and institutes volcanic and meteorological (including sources different from information and (fordata disability) example, age, and gender DROMIC data. disaggregated gathers disaster for arepository (DROMIC) as Center acts Information and Monitoring Operations displacement. how on reduce to events these from learn to and displaced the for response appropriate an generate to needed are data visible. Reliable less often are which events, small-scale capture to needed also is More effort migration. from displacement distinguish to difficult often it is aresult, as drivers; inter-connected of range by awide triggered are and time of over period alonger occur they since tomonitor difficult particularly are events for how long. and Slow-onset displaced is who ends, and starts displacement when establishing to definitions and metrics key on c) and consensus entities collecting among b) of data, coordination a) inter-operability suffering. human mitigate to used be to then data those require –and of displacement risk at communities on as well as phenomenon the on data timely, accurate require preparedness and prevention example, effective previous dzud development of the the by evidenced As causes. interrelated and complex underlying, of its identification and understanding itendeavour presupposes as no easy is displacement disaster Preventing The importanceofdata circumstances. certain in possible it is that dzud the unpredictable, largely www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees In the Philippines, the Disaster Response Response Disaster the Philippines, the In of alack from range challenges main The GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement risk map in the the map in risk case shows case policies at regional and national levels. national and at regional policies similar establish to governments with closely works Displacement Disaster on Platform The and monitoring. financing implementation, on of guidance provision policy, through of the application practical effective the to given also is consideration justice; to access and security knowledge, indigenous livelihoods, education, health, housing, and land as such areas policy together bringing of approach, type holistic amore is This communities. for local mechanisms participation and consultation integrate meticulously and building, capacity and protection data, governance, including of areas cover arange interventions sector-level System- and for each. actions operational and institutional time-bound gives and areas twelvestrategic identifies example of how a community-initiated of howexample acommunity-initiated agood is Merapi Mount region Indonesian respond. to empowered are and them affect that discussions in included are communities affected that ensure to vital also it is of disasters; impact the reduce and for prepare anticipate, better themselves can how communities understand to important is It communities. of affected resilience the and risks displacement or mitigating preventing between link intrinsic an is There Engaging affectedcommunities Disaster-Induced Displacement. Disaster-Induced and Change 2018 Climate on Policy National Vanuatu’s level is national at the approach levels. national and sub-national at local, development processes relevant other and Plans Adaptation National policies, laws and management risk disaster –into relocations planned –including challenges mobility human incorporating means This action. humanitarian development and rights, human to addition mobility, in human and adaptation change climate reduction, risk disaster integrating approach policy a coordinated requires therefore and issue, cross-cutting a is displacement Disaster frameworks. policy and normative of appropriate development the is aspect important Another An integratedpolicyapproach The Sister Village programme in the the in programme Village Sister The A good example of an integrated policy policy integrated of an example A good November 2020 6 The policy policy The
FMR 65 FMR 65 multiplicity and interrelated nature of nature interrelated and multiplicity the violence. Recognising and conflict to due displacement on remains often still However, Convention. focus Kampala the the as such frameworks regional existing alongside implemented are commitments and frameworks these that ensure to important level, it is regional At the disasters. slow-onset of sudden- and context the in displacement to attention international of increasing evidence are Displacement Internal on Panel General’s High-Level Secretary- UN the and Displacement on UNFCCC the Task Force for Migration, Compact 2015–2030, Global Reduction the Risk Framework for Disaster Sendai The However, done. be to alot needs more displacement. disaster address to together work and part do their each can society civil and communities local governments, measures. reduction risk disaster development and for community-based available is fund agovernment addition, In cards. identification receive and care health and shelter, schooling land, access then can Evacuees acrisis. during assistance faster enable to evacuated be to assets) (and their of individuals adatabase System, Information Village the is component essential An process. twinning the facilitating government the with of displacement, at risk communities by initiated was It areas. safer in villages related culturally other, with eruptions of volcanic risk high with areas in located villages pairs programme displacement. for disaster prepare community the help can project November 2020 These are inspiring examples of how examples inspiring are These GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement 7 The The recovery programme after Typhoon Haiyan, the Philippines. Philippines. the Haiyan, Typhoon after programme recovery a of part Tacloban, in home permanent future his for site construction the on working Lacaba Joel
UNHCR/Phil Behan https://disasterdisplacement.org/ Displacement Secretariat ofthe Platform onDisaster Societies Federation ofRed Cross and Red Crescent Migration andDisplacementLead,International Sebastien Moretti [email protected] Centre Internal DisplacementMonitoringPolicy Expert, Barbara Essig people. displaced internally for all solutions durable and mitigation for prevention, strive but to other over one the prioritise to be not should aim the of displacement, drivers 7. bit.ly/Sister-Village-Indonesia https://perma.cc/3R75-K3JN and Disaster-Induced Displacement,2018 6. Government ofVanuatu, National Policy on ClimateChange Mongolia 5. IFRC(2018)Forecast-based Financingforvulnerable herdersin bit.ly/GP20-words-into-action 4. Forinstance,seebit.ly/GP20-steering-group-09032020 and communities www.fmreview.org/issue64 3. SeealsoFMR 64feature(2020)onClimate crisisandlocal bit.ly/IFRC-cost-of-doing-nothing-2019 2. IFRC(2019)TheCostofDoingNothing bit.ly/IDMC-GRIDsummary-2020 1. IDMC(2020)GlobalReportonInternalDisplacement.ASummary bit.ly/IFRC-FbF-Mongolia-2018 www.internal-displacement.org www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees www.ifrc.org [email protected] [email protected]
21 22 displacement. displacement. internal to solutions durable achieve to working those for reflections useful some provides 2010 in launch its since decade the over used been has Framework IASC the how Analysing the Framework’s criteria and principles principles Framework’s and the criteria of operationalisation the discuss sections following The years. for numerous solutions durable on afocus been has there where Sudan and Somalia in Framework provisions IASC of the application the from learning reviews article Framework, this of the launch of Africa. Horn and East Framework in ReDSS⁴ the as developed, such have been approaches contextualised level, several Framework. regional At IASC the the on based durable solutions measuring to approaches include which (IRIS) Statistics³ IDP on Recommendations International the endorsed Commission Statistical UN 2020 the 2018, in in Library² and Indicator Solutions Durable Interagency the into operationalised Framework’s were level, the global criteria At the Sudan. South and Somalia Lanka, Sri Kenya, Niger, in as Afghanistan, components, its reflect policies laws and level, numerous national At the durable solutions. on reference authoritative an become Framework has development actors. and rights human peace, humanitarian, and governments between partnerships multi-stakeholder and communities displacement-affected with engagement prioritises and solutions, durable for measuring criteria defines principles, key Framework articulates The rights. accessing in opportunities unequal and power imbalances discrimination, to linked is displacement where contexts in durable solutions towards for progressing IASC Framework) compass as a (hereafter Persons¹ Displaced for Internally Solutions Durable on Framework Committee Standing Inter-Agency the explores contribution This Sudan and The application of the Framework IASC in Somalia Houndoumadi andJasmineKetabchi Durable SolutionsWorking Group Somalia(DSWG), DSWG Sudan,MargharitaLundkvist- www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees To mark the 10th anniversary since the the since To anniversary 10th the mark 2010, in IASC launch the its Since GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement coherence of response and collective action. collective and of response coherence enhance to definitions and principles on engagement and capacity-sharing continued for finally, need the and, of solutions; c) nature non-discriminatory and voluntary of the importance b) overarching approaches; the andtop-down bottom-up both ensure to for partnerships a) need the highlight Framework IASC of the application the on reflections Concluding countries. both in to the on-the-ground, bottom-up analysis – analysis bottom-up on-the-ground, the to complement anecessary is durable solutions on progress measuring to approach down However, atop- interventions. solutions of durable success the in elements crucial as non-discrimination and cohesion social on of focusing importance the on light shed has locations these Framework in Baidoa. and Kismayo Mogadishu, in of IDPs returnees and reintegration and planning area-based inform to evidence generate to aimed These projects. solutions durable three implement to consortia NGO by ReDSS and Framework, used was ReDSS the and Library Indicator Solutions Durable Interagency the from directly taken indicators, of durable solutions a selection Subsequently, Plan. Development National eighth the in durable solutions prioritising for base evidence an created which exercises, profiling Hargeisa and Mogadishu of the roll-out the Framework guided IASC the 2016.⁵ since Initially, community international the and of Somalia Government Federal for the apriority been has actors peace development and humanitarian, with partnerships through displacement Resolving Case-study: Somalia The operationalisation of the IASC IASC of the operationalisation The November 2020
FMR 65 FMR 65 stakeholders, including the local authorities. authorities. local the including stakeholders, relevant buy-in from with and communities displacement-affected with consultations on based were plans These solutions. durable to obstacles address to developed were plans action area-based Um Dukhun design. programming joint and methodology analysis, the Framework informed IASC The programming. for durable solutions basis the as communities, displacement-affected with planning joint and consultations as well as evidence-gathering, comprehensive prioritises that process afive-step and durable to solutions approach area-based an adopted which projects, pilot two in resulted This communities. host and displaced for internally programming sustainable term, long- more to assistance of humanitarian provision the from order shift to in Darfur) (Central Um Dukhun and Darfur) North (in Fasher El in durable solutions support to endeavour ajoint on embarked community international the and 2019 government the 2017 and Between government. transitional of the priorities ten of the one is displacement Sudan’s to durable solutions internal Finding Case-study: Sudan society. civil and government partners, international to building of capacity expansion the level, and national and local the at both processes government-led towards shift a progressive engagement, of years of four Framework aresult is IASC of the consideration systematic more development. This economic and security justice, of law,rule stabilisation, with linkages strengthening thereby country, the across Framework provisions of IASC operationalisation the expand to expected is Strategy Solutions Durable approach. this from development emerging a significant was Somalia in policies national in Framework of provisions IASC inclusion the and documents, strategic government inform helped indicators criteria-based and principles Framework definitions, IASC of use The durable to solutions. approach order avoid to in aprojectised particularly November 2020 At the local level, in the rural pilot in in pilot rural the level, in local At the National Somalia’s forthcoming GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement design policy to support durable solutions. durable solutions. support to policy design order to in analysed jointly and compared be can that have results will authorities the and actors in-country that ensure subsequently will approach This Sudan. in states seven in now underway is planning solutions durable support to efforts of the a scaling-up Darfur, in pilots the from learned lessons the on Based for durable solutions. criteria and principles concepts, on agree stakeholders all that ensure to strategy national-level down, by atop- complemented be to need planning and analysis bottom-up local, that evident requirements. city-planning wider of the analysis an with neighbours IDPs their and of situation of the analysis socio-economic a combining data, high-quality generate to authorities local the worked with actors and development humanitarian time, first For the camps. Salam El and Shouk Abu in Working Group) IDPs and residing Solutions Durable the through (represented INGOs UN, and donors World the Bank, the government, by the jointly undertaken exercise profiling multi-sectoral collaborative a was Fasher⁶ El in pilot urban The understanding of definitions and principles and principles of definitions understanding acommon Having principles. of these understandings local of incorporating importance the underscored also level has above. Work work at described settlement solutions-focused the underpinned effectively which government, the with them agreeing and and principles definitions IASC the out contextualising on carried been had work by contrast, Somalia, In solutions. of durable definition accepted internationally of the stakeholders among understanding of common alack was there that highlighted El in Fasher undertaken analysis profiling Framework. IASC the operationalising when board on taken be to lessons and addressed be to challenges several are there However, durable solutions. on working for, organisations foundation asolid provides and among, Framework known widely is IASC the publication, Ten its after years Challenges andlessons In these cases, as in Somalia, it was Somalia, in as cases, these In An external evaluation⁷ of the of the evaluation⁷ external An www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees 23 24 @GP2064215284 orby writing to [email protected]. willbepublished inlate NovemberThis GP20 report 2020 andcanbeaccessed atwww.gp20.org, onTwitter at practice withlessons learnedandrecommendations. over thethree-year lifespan oftheGP20initiative, presentingover examples of policy andoperational 20country Address andResolve Internal the bestwisdomoninternal Displacementgathers displacement sharedandgenerated for sharingexperiences andlessonslearned oninternal displacement.TheGP20 Compilation ofPracticesto Prevent, level,the country theGP20initiative achievements hassupported inseveral ways. Thisincludesestablishing aplatform toAiming action for strengthen collaboration on internal internally displacement and catalyse further displaced people at GP20 CompilationofPractices onPreventing, Addressing andResolving Internal Displacement and may require sequencing. Key to these these Key to sequencing. may require and simultaneously may happen not level action local- and of national- alignment whereby dynamics complex on government hinge processes These effectiveness. greater and inter-operability order ensure to in data, operational in and statistics official in as well level, as local and national at both operationally, and conceptually addressed be to Ideally, need durable solutions important. proven has bottom-up,approach top-down vulnerabilities. displacement-linked overcoming towards aprocess –as to have returned they or where displaced being after themselves havepeople found where place the in –whether integration local measure to and of solutions, nature voluntary and non-discriminatory the on focus to importance It of central is displacement.” their from resulting discrimination without rights human their enjoy can persons such and displacement their to linked are that needs protection and assistance IDPswhen have no longer specific Framework, “a achieved is durable solution IASC the per As settlement. physical the beyond over and process complicated along and typically is durable solutions reaching that fact the overlooking often solutions durable of reaching nature voluntary the and of non-discrimination principles the on than stay, elsewhere), rather settle (return, Framework IASC the in outlined solutions coordination. inform and expectations processes durable solutions on embarking when www.fmreview.org/recognising-refugees In both Somalia and Sudan, a combined acombined Sudan, and Somalia both In geographic the on focus actors Often, described in the Framework, thus Framework, thus the in described is key in order to mitigate differing differing order mitigate to in key is GP20: lessonsandgoodpracticeoninternal displacement
DSWG Sudan DSWG Somalia response. and analysis in included be to needs that Framework one –and IASC the in criteria eight the beyond processes integration local in factor key additional an as identified been Framework, has IASC the of a criteria not is which cohesion, social approaches, area-based these Through case-studies. both in seen approaches based area- the underpinned also has and solutions measuring when foundation effective an proved has approach This standards). minimum against (rather than population non-displaced of the that with population displaced of the situation of the comparison the on based was Somalia and Sudan both in contribution. significant avery making is IRIS area this in and indicators, and of definitions alignment the is efforts Solutions inDarfur 7. JacobsenKandMasonTB(2020) North DarfurSudanbit.ly/DSWG-North-Darfur-2019 towards DurableSolutionsinAbouShoukandElSalamIDPcamps, 6. UNCT, Government ofSudan,JIPS,World Bank(2019)Progress Development andCooperation. was supportedbykeystakeholderssuchastheSwiss Agency for 5. Thiswas attheheart oftheDurableSolutionsInitiative, which 4. RegionalDurableSolutionsSecretariathttps://regionaldss.org/ 3. bit.ly/UNStats-IRIS-March2020 2. http://inform-durablesolutions-idp.org/indicators/ 1. bit.ly/IASC-Framework Durable SolutionsOfficer, UNHCRwww.unhcr.org Jasmine Ketabchi [email protected] Senior Profiling Advisor, JIPSwww.jips.org [email protected] Margharita Lundkvist-Houndoumadi Measuring progress towards solutions solutions towards progress Measuring bit.ly/Jacobsen-Mason-Darfur-2020 [email protected] [email protected]
Measuring Progress Towards
November 2020
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