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presents ENTER TITLE HERE ENTER SUBTITLE HERE IF ANY Instructor: 2 Objectives
By the end of the webinar, you will have:
• Understood the rules pertaining to Fasting (Sawm) in the month of Ramadhan
• Understood what nullifies the fast and what does not nullify it
• Understood the rulings of Qadha, Kaffarah and Fidyah
• Understood the Fiqh of Menstruation (Haydh) in relation to fasting
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 3 Overview
Fiqh of Fasting Fiqh of Menstruation Types of fasts Classifying Haydh and Istihadha
Components of fasting Rulings of Haydh
Qualifying for fasting Rulings of Istihadha
Rulings of fasting Haydh and Fasting
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com Fiqh of Fasting
4 1. Types of Fasts
FASTS AROUND THE YEAR
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 5 6 Terminology
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 7 TYPES OF FAST: Categories and Rulings
Fardh Wajib Sunnah Mustahab Makrooh Haram
Ayyamul th Monday Only Fasts of Beed (13 , The two th th Ashura Ramadhan 14 , 15 of and Eids: Thursday every Lunar - Eid Al Vowed Month) Only Friday Adha fasts - 3 days of Qadha Ashura Hajj and one Sha’ban Fasting with Fasts - Eid Al Fitr more day no break
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 8 TYPES OF FAST: Qadha Fasts
Making up for missed fast (with a reason) These are obligatory Should be completed as soon as possible without delay
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 9 TYPES OF FAST: Fasts of Ramadhan
Abstaining from food, drink, sexual intercourse and sinning From dawn (Subh Sadiq) to sunset 29/30 days Obligatory on believing men and women who are sane, healthy and mature
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 2. Components of a Fast
PARTS OF A FAST
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 10 11 COMPENENTS OF FASTING: Niyyah - Intention
How should the intention be made? Can be made in the heart Verbal: in any language
When should the intention be made? Fast of Ramadhan – At Suhoor till Midday Qadha / Kaffarah / Vow – At Suhoor (if delayed, it becomes Nafl) Nafl - At Suhoor till Midday
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 12 COMPENENTS OF FASTING: Sahoor (Pre-dawn meal)
Sunnah to eat at Sahoor Should be delayed till before dawn (Subh Sadiq) Ends at Subh Sadiq / Fajr beginning
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 13 COMPENENTS OF FASTING: Iftaar
At sunset / Maghrib Sunnah to break one’s fast with dates
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 3. Qualifying for fasting
WHO NEEDS TO FAST AND WHO DOESN’T?
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 14 15 QUALIFYING FOR FASTING: Buloogh
Fasting is not compulsory on children who have not reached puberty Once a girl starts menstruating or reaches 14.5 she is mature and must fast Once a boy reaches maturity fasting is compulsory on him
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 16 QUALIFYING FOR FASTING: Health
Fasting is not compulsory on those with a terminal illness (Fidyah) Fasting is not compulsory on those with health issues (Qadha) If it is feared than hunger / thirst will lead to death or extreme illness, permissible to break the fast (Qadha)
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 17 QUALIFYING FOR FASTING: Musaafir – Traveller
A person taking a journey of more than 77km and does not intend to stay more than 15 days at his/her destination Fasting is not an obligation It is better for the person to fast than do Qadha if the journey is not tiresome
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 18 QUALIFYING FOR FASTING: Pregnant / Breastfeeding
A pregnant or breastfeeding woman is excused from fasting if she fears for her own health or of the child Qadha is necessary
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com Rulings of Fasting
WHAT DOES AND DOES NOT BREAK A FAST?
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 19 20 4 possible consequences of an action:
Valid Qadha Kaffarah Fidyah
• Fasting has • Making up • Fasting 60 • Replacement not broken for the fast consecutive for fasting and is still another day days or feed through valid 60 poor charity • Makruh Acts people
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 21 RULINGS OF FASTING: ACTS THAT DON’T BREAK THE FAST
Forgetfully eating, drinking or engaging in sexual intercourse does not break a fast
Continuing to eat (thinking fast is broken) = Qadha
Valid SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 22 RULINGS OF FASTING: ACTS THAT DON’T BREAK THE FAST
Experiencing a wet dream that makes Ghusl compulsory Sleeping next to husband / wife To kiss your spouse If there is a chance that some acts may lead to sexual activity it should be avoided
Valid SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 23 RULINGS OF FASTING: ACTS THAT DON’T BREAK THE FAST
Vomiting unintentionally (irrespective amount)
Vomiting on purpose Mouthful = breaks fast Less = still valid
Valid SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 24 RULINGS OF FASTING: ACTS THAT DON’T BREAK THE FAST
To swallow something stuck in the teeth smaller than the size of a chickpea To swallow one’s own saliva To unintentionally inhale smoke
Valid SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 25 RULINGS OF FASTING: ACTS THAT DON’T BREAK THE FAST
To take an injection or blood test To apply Kohl / Surmah To apply perfume or oil To have water enter ears in a bath
Valid SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 26 RULINGS OF FASTING: MAKRUH ACTS WHILST FASTING
To put food in one’s mouth and soften it for a child
To taste something for no reason
To clean teeth with a paste (Miswak is permissible)
To collect saliva in your mouth and quench thirst
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 27 RULINGS OF FASTING: MAKRUH ACTS WHILST FASTING
To engage in sinful acts e.g., backbiting
To complain of hunger and thirst
To quarrel, argue or use filthy language
To take too much water up nostrils or whilst gargling
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 28 RULINGS OF FASTING: QADHA IS NECESSARY
To eat Being forced to Intentionally something not eat, drink have vomit a considered as sex mouthful food
To swallow To accidently something stuck swallow water bigger than a when gargling chickpea
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 29 RULINGS OF FASTING: QADHA IS NECESSARY
Inhale medicine Putting oil in Inhaling snuff through mouth nose or ear into nostrils or nose
Purposefully To swallow inhale steam or blood mixed smoke with saliva
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 30 RULINGS OF FASTING: QADHA IS NECESSARY
To mistakenly To mistakenly To apply an break fast continue eating enema before sunset after sunrise
A woman begins menses Masturbation during her fast
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 31 RULINGS OF FASTING: QADHA & KAFFARAH
Deliberately eating, drinking or engaging in intercourse without a valid reason e.g., medicine
KAFFARAH = Fasting 60 days consecutively
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 32 RULINGS OF FASTING: FIDYAH IS NECESSARY IF:
An old person who does not have the strength to fast A sick or diseased person with terminal (life-long) illness
FIDYAH = Feeding one poor person with 2 meals a day or two people with one meal a day (can give the equivalent in money)
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com Questions?
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 33 Fiqh of Menstruation
34 35 Definition of Haydh
Blood which flows from the vagina every month is called Haydh
Minimum period = 3 days and 3 nights Maximum period = 10 days and 10 days Minimum days of purity = 15 days and 15 nights
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 36 Rulings regarding Haydh
A menstruating woman cannot Pray Salah Fast Touch the Quran Enter Masjid (Jamat Khana)
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 37 Rulings regarding Haydh
A menstruating woman CAN: Make Dua Dhikr & Durood Read the translation of the Quran Listen to the recitation of the Quran
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 38 Definition of Istihadhah
Continuous bleedings / Dysfunctional bleeding
Bleeding for more than 10 days and 10 nights Bleeding for less than 3 days and 3 days Bleeding within the 15 days of purity
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 39 40 Ruling regarding Istihadhah
In the days of Istihadha it is PERMISSIBLE for a woman to fast
She will come under the rulings of a Ma’zur – a person who is in continuous state of impurity for e.g., continuous nose bleeds, gas etc
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 41 Ruling regarding Istihadhah
When each Salah time comes in the woman will make a new Wudhu With this Wudhu she can read Salah and do Ibadah provided she does not experience another impurity e.g., nose bleeding when experiencing Istihadhah When the Salah time exits her Wudhu automatically breaks
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 42 Hayd and Fasting
It is vital that a woman keeps a record of the fast she has missed She should also keep a record of the exact time and date she starts menstruating e.g. After Fajr on Monday
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 43 Beginning of menstruation
As soon as a woman sees blood her fast is broken Even if this is a few minutes before Iftar She must now do Qadha of this fast whether its Fardh or Nafl
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 44 Ending of menstruation
Menstruation ends when a woman sees no or clear discharge She must do Ghusl and then act like a fasting person If she completes her menstruation just before Suhoor, she may eat her Suhoor, make and intention then have Ghusl
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 45 Case Study
Sahoor is at 4:30am You finish your period at 4:15
It is permissible to eat Suhoor, make an intention and then have Ghusl Provided you have finished your period before Suhoor time If you see discharge after that, you cannot fast If you have Ghusl later in the day, you should act like a fasting person
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 46
If you are nearing the end of your period, wake up for Sahoor and eat something like you would be fasting Wait till morning to see if there is any discharge If so … you will not fast If none … make your intention and Ghusl
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 47
Questions ?
SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com 48 SiblingsOfIlm
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SiblingsOfIlm | www.siblingsofilm.com